PRACTICAL

HOUSEHOLD OF

USES SODA

OF

BICARBONATE

HOME

CURES,

RECIPES,

EVERYDAY

HINTS

AND

TIPS

MARGARET

BRIGGS

This edition is published by Lorenz Books an imprint of Anness Publishing Ltd Blaby Road Wigston Leicestershire LE18 4SE info@anness.com

www.lorenzbooks.com www.annesspublishing.com

Anness Publishing Ltd 2012 ISBN: 9781781140512

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any way or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holder.

A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Publisher: Joanna Lorenz Senior Editor: Felicity Forster Cover Design: Nigel Partridge Production Controller: Mai-Ling Collyer

PUBLISHERS NOTE Although the advice and information in this book are believed to be accurate and true at the time of going to press, neither the authors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may have been made nor for any inaccuracies nor for any loss, harm or injury that comes about from following instructions or advice in this book.

Bicarbonate of Soda is known as Baking Soda in the US.

CONTENTS

Introduction

What

is Bicarbonate

of Soda?

Glossary Uses of Bicarbonate of Soda Throughout History

Cleaning

Solutions

with

Bicarbonate

of Soda

Kitchen Uses Bathroom Uses General Uses Laundry Uses Outdoor Uses Pets and Pests Neutralizing Nasty Niffs Personal Uses for Bicarbonate of Soda

Cooking

with

Bicarbarbonate

of Soda

Savoury Recipes Other Savoury Recipes Delightful Desserts Biscuits, Cakes and Cookies

Muffins Bread, Scones and Pancakes Fun Activities with Bicarbonate of Soda

Appendix

Cleaning

Methods

Introduction

Do

you

ever

lie awake of soda,

at night,

wondering baking

about powder you

the difference and sodium have consulted

between carbonate? a specialist If

bicarbonate so, this

baking for you;

soda, after,

is the book disorders!

of course,

in sleeping When be a bit subject, I was

approached

to write

this

book,

I thought

at first Having

that looked

it might into the as

of a joke, however,

or at best

a complete how

non-starter. clued-up

and remembering a vital kitchen

I now

am on vinegar health hear

a household benefits than

cleaner,

aid and the bearer across the world,

of many I could of times bound

enjoyed bell

by millions ringing,

of people

more

a faint

reminding

me of the number There out there were

bicarbonate to be rich, of soda,

of soda untapped werent Did world that stay No that you

comes seams there? know

up in recipes of information

and remedies. and ideas

on bicarbonate

that

bicarbonate

of soda

is a valuable Im sure their you

commodity were already smell

in the aware better and

of glass the Ancient fresh for

and soap Egyptians longer.

manufacture? used

it to make

mummies

wonder

there

are nowadays acceptable even

so many for

applications half the cost

of bicarbonate of modern on our

of soda

can achieve

results more

cosmetics, already

and without damaged

unleashing planet.

harmful

substances

If only

Id

done

chemistry chemical

at school symbols

beyond but

the age of 14, I might I like a challenge. I spent the

understand

all those

best terms

part

of 30 years finally

explaining enjoyed

things teaching

to primary science, messing so here some

school when about goes. of it might but you

pupils

in easy

and even

understanding with bicarbonate

reversible of soda If you You fun

and irreversible and vinegar

changes

meant

to make or take part

volcanoes, in quizzes, composition even

like

trivia, not like

come might

in useful. find the of

may science

the chemical distraction,

stuff, if you

a welcome

havent

got

the excuse up!

children

or grandchildren

to entertain.

Some

of us never

grow

What

is

Bicarbonate

of

Soda?

THE

CHEMISTRY

STUFF

Bicarbonate

of soda,

a white

chemical

compound,

has also

been

known

as:

For the more

Sodium Saleratus Baking Bread Sodium scientifically

bicarbonate

soda soda hydrogen carbonate the chemical formula is:

minded,

These Sodium oxygen like

symbols

show

you

the constituent from

parts

of this carbon

chemical (C),

compound. (H), looks

bicarbonate (O)

is made (Na).

the elements

hydrogen but often

and sodium As a solid,

It is crystaline totally which

in appearance soluble involves in water.

a powder.

it is not process,

It can be of sodium tons per when

reproduced chloride, year. soda treated

by the Solvay ammonia

the reaction over

and carbon quantities in the form dioxide. is considered ingesting

dioxide

and produces of soda

100,000

Commercial ash, mined with

of bicarbonate of the ore trona,

are also

produced and

is dissolved

in water

carbon of soda

Bicarbonate harming The

to be relatively large amounts natron,

safe should

to use, without be avoided. used by the

the skin, for

but

Na symbol

sodium

comes

from

a substance

Ancient resembling (8.3). metals, To avoid although

Egyptians, that

which of sodium

is found carbonate

in many

mineral

springs. in terms

It has a taste of pH value

and is alkaline metallic element,

Sodium found

is a soft, in soda,

silver-white salt and other

one of the alkali

compounds. the same similar as bicarbonate constituents: of soda,

confusion, they have

the following similar names

are not

and some

and washing These more

Baking Sodium Sodium Sodium soda

powder, chloride, hydroxide carbonate,

which

contains

bicarbonate salt soda

of soda

or common or caustic known

as soda

ash, sodium

decahydrate

all have about

wide-ranging

applications

and effects. substances

You

can find

out

all of these

sodium-related

in the glossary.

SODIUM Knowing why a little about the properties is such of sodium helped for me to understand domestic purposes. As a of

bicarbonate began

of soda to wish

a useful

substance a bit

I even

I could remotely

go back interested rather

and learn

more

chemistry.

14-year-old the chalk observing Sodium the sixth estimated but is not

I wasnt and talk reactions. exists most 2.8%. found with Other These

or motivated, creating

probably

because and

approach,

than

chemical

changes

as more abundant Sodium, naturally other salts

than

a trace

element

in the stars crust,

and the sun and is up an metal as chloride

element along

on the Earths with potassium, It is found

making

is classed in a wide being rocks

as a soft distribution sodium

as a metal. substances, of sodium halides,

compounds or table all soil nitrates. a silicate sodium is among benefits appearance saltpetre salt. types.

the most are found silicates, the rocky other white Early

familiar in many

and in nearly sulphates and

include

carbonates, crust

Sodium

occurs

throughout

of the Earth with

as feldspar,

of sodium, is a soft metal

and in various with a silvery of metals.

rocks. lustre.

Along

potassium, in the air and about the in of

It tarnishes knew were

the most of sodium, they from

reactive although

civilizations compounds substance. glazes for

as potassium were used

very

similar exist

thought

they being

the same to make

Records pots in

potassium

Mesopotamia carbonate for

in the 17th in the 16th

century

BC, and the Egyptians making 21). prepared The used glass. They

used also

sodium used natron

century

BC for

embalming early

and preserving times sodium which Soda was

(see page was

From

carbonate had been as a term used

by passing water for was

water then

through

the ashes from

of plants

burned. was first

evaporated or

the solution. but later

either from

sodium

potassium Potash was

to refer

to ash produced land vegetation. pots for

sea plants. name potash, the water

used

for

ash produced from

from

The

incidentally, from Over

originated

the use of large

evaporating

the solution. the years soda and potash were defined Imagine hard as both natural and artificial favourite to define with primary

products 20

and as vegetable with

and mineral.

playing enough

the old trying game

Questions

the ancestors vegetable at least they

it was or mineral have

substances school through corner the 19th called soda

as animal, but

as a science

children,

a better

understanding of information until both Latinized by normal

of materials that might of

the National your imagination that

Curriculum. for Sir a split

Another second: Davy which cannot after

nugget it wasnt

the beginning alkalis and

century

Humphry

decomposed are really be isolated the discovery were

them

sodium The

and potassium, two metals prepared

versions chemical

of

and potash.

processes in 1800, was

and were when

only

of the electric Davys

current method

the electrolytic and called

processes

developed. and was used

modified for

the Castner Most is now

process prepared

to prepare process

sodium which Sodium agents

a long

time.

by the Downs

produces chemicals

chlorine today

as well are used

as sodium. widely in synthetic been chemistry used as drying

and reducing cells.

agents.

Sodium heat

has also capacity It is lighter It reacts

in the manufacture make it

of photoelectric useful with as a heat a knife

Its high

and conductivity than with water

transfer

medium.

and can be cut hydrogen easily and unites

at room

temperature.

water chemical

to give which

sodium with liquid that This

hydroxide, The

so it is an extremely metal is, therefore, in some illumination sodium glowing

active usually

oxygen. for

kept reactors,

immersed

in an inert lights give

safety.

It is used yellow

nuclear

and sodium roads

characteristic works it.

to many

of our which

and towns. passed

by gaseous

in a tube

has voltage

through

APPLICATIONS

OF

BICARBONATE

OF

SODA

Bicarbonate well-known jobs. There

of soda domestic are many fire . . . of soda

has many

uses in a number to cooking

of areas,

but

the most cleaning including of acids.

uses are related other commercial

and household however,

applications,

use in some GOING Bicarbonate are aerated from UP

extinguishers,

as a deodorizer

and neutralizer

is used

in cooking either

as a raising naturally

agent.

Bakery

products folded in by

by gas bubbles, The

developed method

or by being bread

the atmosphere. of yeast, produced

natural

of leavening or from

is achieved reaction, bread bread bakery

the addition such as that

by bacterial

fermentation

chemical All

by the addition except to make by carbon is added. rye

of bicarbonate bread Cakes, which and salt biscuits

of soda. rising/soda

produced varieties products bicarbonate makes

commercially uses yeast are leavened of soda alkaline

it rise. dioxide,

and other

is produced bicarbonate and

when of soda

On its own,

however,

dough

and causes reaction it into this

deterioration substance baking

in flavour is also powder. section. added

discolouration, bicarbonate You can find

so an acid of soda out

to the

to make about

more

in the cooking

ANYONE Before ancestors although used

FOR the advent knew you

LEMONADE? of readily available carbonated of soda before drinks, to make our Victorian

how

to use bicarbonate it quickly, (thanks and loved Today, may section. well

lemonade, escaped. certainly up drink in What what

had to drink as pop knew

all the bubbles bubbles) originally order was

to be known children a soda

to the gassy as soda pop,

American through a caf, some OUT,

served a fizzy You soft

fountain. bill

in France, list

if you

the itemized recipes FOUL

it simply

as soda.

can find

in a later SPOT! of soda

Bicarbonate

has long

been

used

for

a variety

of cleaning

purposes

in the bathroom nappies Many

and kitchen. bins

It can be used out

to deodorize

the refrigerator, soap scum.

and rubbish other

and to clean later

drains

and remove

uses are described

in the book.

PAIN

RELIEF of soda It makes but should has been blood not used as a remedy less acidic term for acid indigestion and in It

Bicarbonate heartburn. the body, also

and urine be used nettle long

and increases consulting

the sodium a doctor.

without

relieves THAT

bee stings, GNAT! to ants

rash

and sunburn.

SPLAT

As a deterrent harmless sweeter WHITE Used breath. other STOP

and fleas, to commercial with

bicarbonate products.

of soda Smelly

is a cheap, pets

fairly

alternative when cleaned

can be made

bicarb. LOCKS helps to remove remove stains and freshen of

TEETH in toothpaste, When products THAT used

AND

LUSTROUS

bicarbonate during hair your

of soda washing hair

it can help shine.

build-up

and give FIRE! of soda

an extra

Bicarbonate to put works out

has long

been

used liquid

in dry fires.

chemical The This

fire

extinguishers of soda agent is one

electrical

or flammable the flame used tanks

bicarbonate chemical of dry

by interrupting chemicals

chain

reaction.

of the main stored or into

as a powder or containers. in advance nitrogen,

in the mixtures These

chemicals

in pressurized portable

can be put

on to vehicles by an inert discharged the fire. starts

extinguishers dioxide,

and are pressurized or argon. otherwise When feed

gas, such they

as carbon

helium would used

replace

the oxygen

in the air which commonly

Carbon

dioxide

is the most

propellant

and the action gas. Before generated with sulphuric this carbon

by puncturing method dioxide there became

the seal of a cartridge common soda-acid

of the liquefied fire extinguishers of soda bicarbonate are designed seconds,

by mixing we have dry ft) two

a solution applications fire

of bicarbonate of sodium

acid. with

So

in dealing to reach

fires. m

Portable (615 achieved

chemical

extinguishers in about 1015

25

and discharge is both impressive ACID of soda

so the chemical

reaction

and effective. SPILLS used for neutralizing acid spills, such as

NEUTRALIZING Bicarbonate battery Another counteract acid. surprising

is commonly

fact

to the uninitiated, of white phosphorus

like

me,

is that

it is used bullets

to

the effects

in incendiary

spreading

in wounds QUICK Equally alkalinity restoring also

to the body. SOLUTION common of water the balance to septic bacterial is the use of bicarbonate in a swimming of water tanks activity. GLOSSARY pool of soda to increase the pH and for

or spa. It is added chlorine level

as a solution exists. It can

where to control

a high pH

be added for

and maintain

the correct

conditions

Because sodium terms,

there

are so many I thought

similar

sounding

names

and applications them

for all in lay

compounds i.e. that

it might

be useful

to describe

I understand! BAKING POWDER

This tartaric

is a mixture acid (cream reaction

of bicarbonate of tartar) where added.

of soda or sodium dioxide precise acting months,

and one or more aluminium is released. mix determines Baking

acid

salts, which

such creates

as

sulphate, A drying

a chemical as cornflour, powder fairly keeps

carbon The

agent,

such

is also

whether powder

the baking has a which

is a single short for shelf longer. baking

or double life of 612

powder.

unlike

bicarbonate

of soda,

Single-acting when

powder of soda powder

produces comes starts

a chemical into contact

reaction with

in the bowl

the bicarbonate baking the mixture

a liquid. but reacts

Double-acting again when

the reaction

in the bowl

is heated. OF SODA

BICARBONATE

This baking

is also soda, salt

known

as sodium

bicarbonate, soda.

sodium

hydrogen crystalline

carbonate, powder of or

saleratus which

and bread is soluble powder

It is a white, It is used

granular fizzy

in water.

in the manufacture of fire and urinary

drinks

and baking Medical

and is also

a component stomach

extinguishers.

uses include

counteracting

acidity, When start honey,

cleaning used for

mucous cooking, This citrus may juice

membranes bicarbonate be provided or fruit. OF

and dressing of soda by, must

burns. be used other with an acid to

a reaction. yogurt,

amongst

ingredients,

sugar,

CREAM

TARTAR

This

is the most

commonly

known

and widely

used

leavening of soda in sugar, to cause

acid

which

is contained the mix or cocoa. moisture Cream after needs

in baking to include

powder. an acid

If you such

use bicarbonate as that found

as a leavener yogurt, fruit with

Cream

of tartar

provides milk sediment acid).

the acid or water. found This

needed

a reaction

in the mix, of tartar

usually

is a white (tartaric white

lining

the inside

of wine

caskets

fermentation a fine

sediment

can be removed

and used

to produce

powder. PEARLASH

Potash

is the ashes with When hot

from water

roots

and treestumps boiled down

that until

have

been

sieved

again ash

and again was would potash industry Britain pearlash left.

and then put into

a residue

of brown stirred, it

potash

was

an oven Pearlash

and continuously was worth

eventually

become

pearlash. pearlash

far more into

than a major in

and by the mid-1700s and exports for

production

had evolved colonies were During

of ash from industry

the American and soap for yeast

established the 1760s

use in the glass a popular

factories. in baking.

became

substitute

SALERATUS

The

name used

comes

from

the Latin as a safe

sal aeratus treatment for

which acid

means

aerated

salt,

and

it was chemists form Bakers superior

by doctors carbon

indigestion. of sodium known

In Europe carbonate, as saleratus. to

put

dioxide sodium

gas through bicarbonate. that

solutions This became

less alkaline in America

discovered they

European using.

bicarbonate This product

of soda was

was

to the pearlash

had been

more

reliable

and gave

less of a bitter SODIUM

aftertaste. CARBONATE decahydrate or washing soda)

(soda

ash,

sodium

Sodium main salt

carbonate component

a constituent in sodium

of many bicarbonate.

mineral

waters

and occurs as a general to treat soda washing drains

as the cleaner skin it is a

It is used

and has many inflammation cheap heavily for brick but

industrial

applications. parts

In medicine Sold

it is used as washing for from

and to clean effective fabric. sinks.

of the body. cleaning agent

household

and useful grease

soiled

It is efficient It has been carbonate used

at unblocking

and

cleaning making. for

in the photographic not be confused

process with not

and in bicarbonate

Sodium cooking,

should

of soda

as it has a pH

of 11 and is therefore

suitable

for

consumption. SODIUM (common CHLORIDE salt)

This

is the most

abundant

form

of sodium.

It is the main There from

salt

in seawater,

making worldwide prehistoric essential preserving ceramic

up 80 per cent deposits

of the dissolved probably chloride life.

matter.

are extensive the evaporation fluids used and is for of dyes, chemicals. soaps, of

which

originated is present Common

seas. Sodium to human food glazes,

in all body salt is also

and animal

and seasoning leather curing SODIUM

as well

as in the manufacture of many

and the production FLUORIDE

This

is a mix

of sodium

carbonate and is fatal

and hydrofluoric if ingested. drinking

acid. Curiously water,

It is used though, it reduces

as an when dental

insecticide added decay.

and pesticide quantities

in minute

to municipal

SODIUM

HYDROXIDE

(caustic

soda,

also

known

as

Lye)

This

is a white,

moisture-attracting chloride.

solid,

obtained corrosive

by electrolysis to plants which

from

solution When acids

of sodium dissolved in many

It is highly

and animals. neutralizes soap

in water commercial manufacture

it forms

an alkaline including paper, NITRATE

solution, refining cellophane

processes, and making SODIUM

petroleum, and rayon.

and detergent

This

occurs

naturally

as Chile

saltpetre acid.

and can be manufactured to make fertilizers,

from glass,

sodium pottery like me,

carbonate enamels, it is also

and nitric matches, used

It is used

explosives pickling.

and dyes.

Worryingly,

to a novice

in meat SODIUM

PEROXIDE

This

is an oxidizing

agent

for

bleaching spaces such

paper,

cloth,

wood,

ivory

and for

purifying

the air in confined

as submarines

or aeroplanes.

SODIUM (Glaubers

SULPHATE salts)

This

was

discovered in the form

by Johann of mirabilite.

Glauber

in the 17th salt,

century

as a natural for detergents,

mineral glass

A neutral

it is used textiles.

and paper used

making

and in dyeing

and printing

It was

originally

as a laxative.

Uses

of

Bicarbonate

of

Soda

throughout

History

NATRON

DEAD The

GORGEOUS Ancient Egyptians it even was natron, after appreciated death beauty so much they protected substance bicarbonate, It was The mined and in this

preserved process sodium from dry

by mummification. crystalline mixture and sodium

A major of sodium sulphate. Nile.

a white sodium

carbonate, lake beds lies Known

chloride

and from 23 m (75 to be mildly it was,

the banks ft) below antiseptic

of the River sea level as well

area of from and

Wadi-el-Natrun the natron. drying

and gets as a good adding

its name exfoliant oils and

substance, used

all in all,

a perfect The

base for fragrances up the foul

fragrances spirituality flesh, which

to preserve

the dead.

exemplified odours of decaying not only

and beauty conjured good but

and served

to cover

up or summoned also smell divine,

particular even

deities.

So you heat

had to look without HOLISTIC The Ancient

in the intense

of Egypt,

refrigeration CLEANER Egyptians

or air-conditioning.

recognized as well

that

cleanliness Natron

was was

of the utmost the supreme, for clean might personal and pure, summon or tub remedies so many by the of

importance holistic, hygiene you

in the living cleaning product

as the dead. used

and was cleaning.

in a variety you were

of ways really that

and household to smell The

To ensure give off

needed

clean closest

and not you

bad odours to natron Many

up evil

forces.

can get today of soda.

is a packet

commercially and applications other Ancient MUMMYS As well natron as for for: seemingly

produced

bicarbonate

of the age-old back, like

of bicarbonate modern

of soda

can be traced

remedies,

to the knowledge

possessed

Egyptians. MULTI-PURPOSE mummification, MATE the Egyptians were known to have used

 As an ancient to create desert Myrrh

Ridding Cleaning Cleaning Preventing Cleaning Making Making toothpaste, A few

the home the body teeth body cuts a light glass natron drops Ethiopia,

of vermin as an exfoliant

odour

by which

to paint

tombs

could of myrrh, Yemen

be mixed the resin

with

a few

drops

of water

a paste.

derived could

from also

thorny be added. and healer, as a

trees was

in modern much prized that,

and Somalia, as a perfume,

by the Egyptians when it was of oral provided added

incense

and they gum Added

believed

to the toothpaste,

it served

protector to castor

and improver oil, natron work which NATRON

hygiene. a smokeless tombs fuel by which creating painters harmful

and artisans smoke

could

in the ancient might spoil AND

without

and soot,

the work. GLASS-MAKING

Pliny

the Elder

claimed when

that natron Belus pots

the invention merchant near

of glass ships were The

took

place

on the Egypt stones crew the to to

Palestinian the mouth hold used natron, became been would Another Iran.

coast,

sailing crews

from needed

of the River cooking

Ptolemais. were The

up their some rich too

but,

as these

in short heat from

supply, the fire

they

of the natron in sodium, intense, over been

as a substitute. to fuse with

caused the fire story

the surrounding a new material

sand, glass.

when This

and produced the years, great

has

challenged not have

however,

as the temperature fusion. occurred around

of the fire

enough glass already

to cause invention

theory

suggests of glass 1330 then

that was

2200

BC in

Coloration around from

understood glass was

by the time used in furniture who

Tutankhamun and really played region. a

reigned, architecture major ROMAN The

BC. Coloured onwards, but

it was

the Romans

role

in industrializing GLASS made glass from

the process

around

the Mediterranean

Romans

two

types

of materials,

one of which

included evaporated, lake about for beds. 500

natron

which

came

from

Egypt.

When

spring

came

the lakes and in the scale from

exposing The Romans

the deposits used Before than alkali this

of natron to produce this time

around glass was

the edges on a large considered

BC to AD 850. use rather by melting Different gave

glass more

as a product It was such colours, hue. as for

decorative

for

its many

practical with

uses. silica

manufactured quartz example WORLD During various soda or sand.

(potash

or sodium) stones gave

semi-precious a pale blue

different

turquoise GLASS the next parts

glass,

and fluorite,

a purple

several

hundred

years,

glass

developed soda

in different or potash.

ways The

in

of the world,

and was

based

on either

was

found

in Mediterranean Germany bracken

regions

in the ashes used quality

of plants potash

in sea from beech

marshes wood

and in seaweed. used

and Bohemia The

and France

as a source. of the soda. invented

of the glass

depended Lead William enhance changes amounts with soda. glass

on the preparation or flint glass was

in the 17th

century, This

in the days be cut to still

of

and Mary designs

of Orange, and show off

in the Netherlands. its sheen. After this,

could were

there for

more large

and refinements of lead Flint were glass

to glass used was with made

and its production; potash from and Venetian three parts

example, was parts

glass two

produced red lead

sand,

and one part BLOWN Europe glassware of pressed Leighton fraction equally mould. and lime The

potash

or pearl

ash from

Canada

or Russia.

AWAY seemed until glass brought to have the monopoly on expensive USA, and decorative invented Virginia, of making His pressed a new William glass glass at a was into of a blown method

a carpenter, in 1827. about

in Massachusetts, Then, in 1864

in Western

a revolution

in the process varieties. thinly

of the price good The clarity major

of the lead and could difference

and flint be produced

by being

pressed

though, this also

was

the use of bicarbonate at a third in large

of soda of the price!

instead

of lead. of soda

All was

and manufactured readily available

bicarbonate

quantities.

RADIOACTIVE You USA may be interested to learn that one particular glass type of glass made in the

in the 1880s

known some

as Burmese rather unusual

contained,

alongside was

bicarbonate

of soda,

ingredients,

one of which

uranium! over

This

was

commonly

used

to colour it was

yellow banned rather

and green during

glass

for due

a hundred

years.

Understandably,

the 1940s,

to health

concerns

of the glassworkers the atomic bomb.

and also, The British

obviously,

because apparently

of its use in making confiscated the Second soda How were about huge World also this

Government uranium

quantities War from

of materials glass

containing

at the end of of

producers.

Quantities

of bicarbonate

seized. as a shopping list or recipe for making glass:

. . . on reflection, THE Using benefits. During soda into FAIREST

100

lb white

sand

36 lb lead

oxide

25 lb potash 7 lb potassium 5 lb bicarbonate 6 lb fluorspar 5 lb feldspar 2 lb uranium oxide colloidal gold nitrate of soda

1.5 pennyweights perhaps METHOD of soda for not! OF

ALL? production of around fumes so that of glass 400C has several + (750F). Bicarbonate of

bicarbonate

commercial temperatures gives off acid

It is effective manufacture

at high the glass

and dust. they

neutralizes

acid

components The residual using

of gases chemicals

can be discharged sulphate are

the atmosphere.

of sodium of soda.

recycled

in the furnace,

bicarbonate PEARLASH

As mentioned by American pearlash. and imports to burn, factories. were By

earlier, colonists

baking

soda,

or bicarbonate of a refined type

of soda,

was

first called

used

in the form

of potash into

the mid-1700s of ash from established

production the colonies, in Britain for

had evolved with their

a major supplies industry

industry of trees and soap

abundant

use in the glass

Pearlash This

was

made a fine

from white

potash

by baking During

it in a kiln the 1760s took

to remove pearlash time

impurities. became to knead was a

produced

powder. in baking

popular and was, quite

substitute therefore,

for

yeast

yeast

a long

hard

work

to do on a regular

basis.

Since

pearlash of

alkaline,

it was

added

to the mix leavened

to counteract from a form time

the sourness of yeast. by releasing what

sourdough sweetening dioxide hours industry

breads,

which

were

As well carbon yeast

as

the dough, when This

it speeded heated. discovery

up the rising created about

bubbles to achieve.

Pearlash brought

in minutes big changes

took

in the baking

and in the home. SALERATUS

The

use of bicarbonate chemists to form The name put

of soda carbon

for

cooking

began

in the 18th solutions This which

century.

In

Europe carbonate, saleratus. salt,

dioxide

gas through bicarbonate.

of sodium became means for acid of for known aerated as

less alkaline came used from

sodium the Latin

sal aeratus as a safe that

and saleratus Bakers superior product

was

by doctors

treatment European using

indigestion. soda yeast. bitter was This

in America to the pearlash was expensive

discovered they but

bicarbonate as a substitute

had been more

reliable

and gave

less of a

aftertaste

than

pearlash. was first lumps made in 1788 when over Nathan carbon Read dioxide of the 19th using from cheap and miss made of fumes century

In America Massachusetts produced brewers dioxide expensive, USA. There

saleratus

suspended fermenting

of pearlash By

from

molasses.

the beginning as a by-product,

had started released

producing

saleratus

the carbon were in the as

during

fermentation. was to provide

As the imports an everyday, hit

Europe product

the challenge was were needed also often

the problem released

of a slightly before stable

approach,

the bubbles Someone for baking.

the dough way

it to the oven. bicarbonate of soda

to invent

a more

of adding

DEVELOPMENTS

IN

LEAVENING

AND

BAKING

BAKING The first

POWDER baking powder The keep with compounds mixture as long calcium stage. reacted were gave created with cream results to use. still released sulphate heated, used to much most was of tartar than and

bicarbonate old bicarb,

of soda. but didnt

more

consistent more costly which

plain

and was

Experiments

continued

phosphate, Later, with sodium

of the gas before discovered bicarbonate greater In 1843 baking was effect. a British powder for and,

the cooking since it only cornflour

aluminium when were

the bicarb sulphate

of soda,

and the new

chemist his wife that

called

Alfred

Bird who

made couldnt

another

version

of This

Elizabeth,

eat yeast

or eggs.

so successful

he received meant

an order that soldiers light

to supply could cakes,

his fermenting have light fresh bread, and

powder the sick articles Ltd, Later

to the army. and wounded of food suited

This

could to their went

eat bread, condition. on to make

puddings Bird

and other and Son

He then

founded

who,

presumably,

a well-known of single more control these

custard

powder.

refinements These

resulted meant You that

in the production there was a lot

and double-acting over using baking and

powders. powder baking

in cooking. sections.

can learn

more

about

in the chemistry

MINERAL

AND

FIZZY

DRINKS

HUBBLE, By the 17th

BUBBLE century

. . . people At were first attempting these were to make required refreshing to enhance You could drinks the only drink and

artificial experience mineral was

mineral

waters.

of medicinal waters if you for huge

bathing lived clever markets. water close

in spas and springs. enough to travel

to the source, a substitute companies Britain for was

so there and were and

an opportunity potentially artificial In 1788 production carbon

entrepreneurs By the 18th

to invent century Germany, was used This

corner

producing Switzerland. industrial obtaining bicarbonate

mineral

in France, apparatus mineral

the Geneva of artificial from was

the first achieved sulphur with by and added

water. reaction

dioxide which

a chemical then added

between

of soda,

to a mixing

vessel

salts.

But

the carbonization amount 1770,

did

not

take

place

under

pressurized

conditions,

so only In Britain, carbon led him mineral

a small

of gas stayed a chemist

in the water. Priestly He lived also near discovered a brewery, found how which in

around

called

dioxide

could

be added

to water.

to an understanding water. Carbonated By 1821

of the nature drinks today doctor

of effervescence owe much

to his early in Dresden called of

experiments. Struve producing from

a German in inventing

and pharmacist more

had succeeded artificial

a much which

sophisticated

method

mineral

water,

resembled known was

the make-up as seltzers established. remedy was came for

of waters and soon If this

the Niederselters the production it may

springs.

These

became soda

afterwards rings bells

of cheaper

water

be because

Alka-Seltzer,

a popular

headaches, aspirin,

indigestion

and hangovers of soda and citric

in the 20th acid. The

century, Alka

made from

from

bicarbonate

alkaline.

LEMONADE What tooth we understand rotter, much with nowadays loved as lemonade, started with a very life sugar. sweet, sticky, mineral production and the term drinks. The You can see were and others. lemonade: fizzy water of

by millions, and sweetened during

as a flat Mass

flavoured carbonated lemonade some very The early fond

lemons

drinks was

started used for

the mid-19th all fruit

century

to describe these

and berry on food.

recipes

in the section

Victorians Beeton for

of homemade is based

lemonade,

as described

by Mrs

following

on a 19th-century

American

recipe

LEMONADE Boil cork. two pounds of white put sugar with one pint of lemon juice. into Bottle and

When

required, full

one tablespoon Add one-third

of the syrup

a tumbler of bicarbonate of

three-quarters soda The and drink

of water. .

of a teaspoon

quickly also

Victorians

made

up powders,

which

could

be conveniently of water

carried as

on a picnic required: GINGER Put into

or when

travelling,

and reconstituted

in a glass

BEER blue papers with 30 grains a drachm Put of bicarbonate of powdered one paper of soda sugar. of each and 5 grains white of papers, of

powdered 25 grains

ginger of cream

Put kind

into

of tartar.

to half

a pint

water (A

. corresponds so 5 grains roughly would to one teaspoon, a twelfth and 30 grains of a teaspoon.) to half a

drachm

teaspoon,

be about

SOAP

EARLY The most

BATH? common early soaps were made from potash and pearlash. about 2800 Early BC, and above, seaweed of wool

references

to the use of soap c .600 and other they

include

the Babylonians, used people natron, were

the Phoenicians, and Spaniards to provide and cotton LEND Pliny with ME

BC. The

Egyptians

as described using burned

Mediterranean needed. Early

the alkali fibre prior

uses included

the cleaning

to spinning SOAP! soap

and weaving.

YOUR

described salt being a soap rather to clean VERY

Roman added factory

as being it into

made bars.

from

goat

fat and wood in Pompeii have favoured been for

ash, have

to harden with bars

Excavations This would

revealed textiles sand THE Soap oils

of soap.

than their FIRST

personal bodies

hygiene, after a good

as the Romans steam.

olive

oil

and

SOAP? between alkali fatty the fats acids and an alkali. into fatty with When acids the fatty fats and acid as or

is basically are mixed The

a reaction with a strong

are split

glycerine. the basis The three

sodium

or potassium

in the alkali

joins

of soap. main stages of early soap-making were:

Early barrel bottom container.

Making Cleaning Boiling

a wood the fats the fats obtained

ash solution

called

lye

with

the lye from

to make putting Straw

soap potash into were a bottomless put in the

manufacturers over a stone

the lye

slab,

resting

on rocks.

or sticks placed you

as a sort By

of sieve

and underneath water over

that

was

a collecting could produce the

slowly

pouring

the ashes

lye,

a brown with

liquid

dripping

down down

into

a container

below. When

This wood

could

then

be used dwindled started process, made

the rendered

fat to produce century,

soap. pearlash

supplies

towards to decline, described better

the end of the 18th making below, soap way for

manufacturing methods. The Leblanc alkalis

more

commercial for

changed without

soap-making the necessity OF SODA

ever.

Sodium

harder,

to add salt. BICARBONATE OF

COMMERCIAL

PRODUCTION

THE

LEBLANC supplies

PROCESS of soda were required needs, for glassmaking and soap By

As greater manufacturing, the 1700s Potash

as well

as baking was

the supplies and Europe America, for

of ash declined. was being

production

uneconomical from offered North a prize found

deforested.

had to be imported XVI in France In 1791

Russia

and Scandinavia, of producing soda alkali ash was

and Louis from being HOW After

a method

sea salt. produced BROWN a repeal

Leblanc

a solution to 15,000

and by 1800 tons per year.

at the rate WAS MY

of 10,000 VALLEY?

of a tax on salt and by 1870 than all other

in Britain from put

in 1824 Britain together.

the development had reached The price

was 200,000 tons

unstoppable a year: more

the output countries Sulphuric every hung was The have eight

was acid seven gas tons

environmental into

devastation. For waste land

acid tons

released of soda

hydrochloric ash produced, smelling and gardens in these

the atmosphere. sulphide surrounding was not

of calcium eggs. little who was THE Belgian generated used this The that lived

around scorched people suffered

on the ground, and fields worked

of rotten produced or

spoiled.

who

factories

close

by must

greatly.

Luckily

another

process

invented SOLVAY Ernest was

without

such

major

disadvantages.

PROCESS Solvay calcium Solvay invented chloride. chemical which a process By 1900, plants whereby the only waste product

90 per cent produced were

of world

production of

method.

about estimated

three-quarters at 41.9 billion

the worldwide kilograms. TRONA

requirements,

in 2005

DEPOSITS

However, called more may circle! trona

in 1938 were from

in Wyoming, discovered trona almost than

USA,

large

natural

deposits

of a mineral

and sodium by the Solvay

carbonate method.

can be extracted The name is, as you come full

cheaply have

noticed,

an anagram

of natron.

I think

weve

Cleaning

Solutions

with

Bicarbonate

of

Soda

HOUSEHOLD

CLEANING

Bicarbonate bank harm caustic some favour to buy,

of soda but

is a cheap,

natural Even

cleaning more that

product. importantly, a number

It wont it wont

break

the

it will

do the job.

cause

to the environment products do. Being

in the same a natural

way sceptic,

of expensive, how Im effective all in and

I didnt

believe them.

of the following of using effort might as few involved also have

suggestions chemicals

could

be until

I tried

as possible,

as a matter

of principle, was

the extra As you for some

in preparing gathered,

the pastes

and solutions top of my

minimal. and

housework jobs

is not I need

agenda

of the kitchen methods! prevents

and bathroom of soda hanging

the incentive grease

of quick, and dirt

efficient and also If you

Bicarbonate smells from

helps around.

to dissolve

want

to make

up a solution of soda of white effect

as an all-purpose to 570 ml will

cleaner,

take

two

teaspoonfuls Adding but 125

of bicarbonate ml (4 fl oz)

(1 pt) of warm make an even

water. better cleaner,

vinegar of adding After bottle,

beware

of the gaseous room into for

bicarbonate has died for use.

of soda down you

to vinegar can pour

and allow the mixture CAUTION

expansion.

the fizz ready

a screw-topped all products on a small faith

: As with method in good

and cleaning area first. be held

solutions,

you

should

try

out

the suggested suggestions effects. First youre NOTE vinegar

I make

the following for any adverse

and I cant

responsible

and foremost, likely to ruin

dont

use bicarbonate

of soda

on non-stick

pans,

or

the surface. whenever vinegar is mentioned, please use white

: In the following, unless told

otherwise. KITCHEN USES

Worktops

Stubborn Cleaning Dishwashers Dishwasher Microwaves Cleaning Freezers Cleaning Blocked Cleaning Removing Removing Stainless Removing Steel Wool

Stains

on Worktops of White Goods

the Exterior

Powder

the Refrigerator

the Drain Drains the Bin Plastic Newsprint Steel Hard Sinks Water Stains Wrappers Stains from from Hot Surfaces

Surfaces

Pan Scrubbers the Bread Out a Food Crock or Bread with Bin Dried-on Food

Cleaning Cleaning Refreshing Pots

Processor Flask Baked-on

a Vacuum with

and Pans

Deposits Cast-iron Ware

Removing Gas Burners Cleaning Cleaning

Stains

on Enamelled

the Top the Oven

of the Stove Interior

Glass Coffee Baby

and Stainless Makers Bottles Stains Steel

Steel

Coffee

Pots

Removing Stainless Removing Waste

from

Coffee

Mugs Kitchen Appliances

and Chrome Spills

Grease

Disposal

Units

WORKTOPS Use free bicarbonate of smells. of soda You on a damp cloth to clean directly clean cloths water worktops and leave or The them them

can sprinkle

the powder Rinse your with

on to a cloth and dry.

sponge, solution smelling

or make

up a solution. to clean

can be used sour. STAINS stubborn with THE

cleaning

as well

and to stop

STUBBORN To remove paste

ON stains water.

WORKTOPS from Scour marble, gently plastic or formica, rinse make a strong

of bicarb

and then GOODS

thoroughly.

CLEANING All exteriors will

EXTERIOR goods, from

OF WHITE such

of white benefit

as refrigerators, now

washing with Greasy

machines a cloth marks

and

freezers,

a wipeover of soda

and again water.

soaked and

in a solution dust will

of bicarbonate disappear.

and warm

quickly

DISHWASHERS Bicarbonate inside Try of soda will Use remove as a paste of soda that nasty, crusty off build-up running you get on the

of the door. using bicarbonate

and rinse

before

the machine. once in

instead too.

of the usual

powder

or tablet

a while

to clean

the dishwasher, POWDER a commercial of bicarbonate

DISHWASHER Instead two load. of using

brand

of dishwashing with two

detergent, tablespoons

try

mixing for a

tablespoons

of soda

of borax

MICROWAVES Use in solution to clean up food splatters over on the base, the interior, The sides taking and ceiling. care not to let

Remove any with water

the turntable drip through solution. THE used With

plate

and wipe

the holes

in the walls.

turntable

can be cleaned

the same

CLEANING Ive always

REFRIGERATOR bicarbonate refrigerators the trays marks With food, of soda you in solution off to clean the inside from of the time As well milk now, to dry with I as far bottle to

refrigerator. time, I always

had to turn with

and defrost

wiped

and shelves it removes the larder wipe down items. any

a strong from

solution. spills,

as cleaning bases remove

up greasy

odours

and cheesy any

whiffs.

refrigerator the shelves Alternatively, back in.

we have and leave wipe

uncovered before towel

as possible paper If you a long while, mould France The when was return was Any may kitchen

replacing before

food putting off

down

the food your

are planning holiday, using forming. when time

on turning

refrigerator

while

you

are away off

on for a

or are moving bicarbonate

house

and need way

to leave to save

it switched time in our

of soda

is a good out

and prevent home in off.

I use it to clean we leave we went workman each back time,

the fridge-freezer the doors

leaving

open

and the power was think On

only

to black

mouldy

deposits door

in the freezer he did

a helpful doing

closed

the freezer given

(to be fair,

he

us a favour) wipe before stains with over

and I hadnt with

the shelves of bicarb

the treatment. water was

a quick needed stubborn

a solution

in cold

all that

starting that

up the unit have

again. of the refrigerator of soda mixed for a while a

sat at the back

be removed

a tablespoon

of bicarbonate

with

squeeze

of toothpaste.

FREEZERS Another has been Cleaning units If you with freezer fresh chance off, with to use the solution stored various is when family the spare members water freezer in the garage etc. kept the

or weve

freezers

bicarbonate

of soda

and warm is kept

has always open. then wipe Restart

as long

as the door wait for

propped

defrost warm

the freezer, solution

all the ice to melt it to dry

carefully the

water

and allow

thoroughly.

. . . and close

the door!

CLEANING If your soap, every kitchen try

THE

DRAIN tends to block because of a build-up of grease of soda or it

drain

pouring

about

a quarter

of a tub

of bicarbonate

down

month

as a preventative DRAINS

measure.

BLOCKED If the tip check vinegar. hot An salt, water. alternative washed for

on the previous a while, Leave this use half

page

hasnt

worked,

or you

havent with

bothered a cup lots

to

a tub for

of bicarbonate an hour or two,

of soda then

of warm of very

to work

pour

down

is to use equal down THE strong keep bins. PLASTIC with BIN solution boiling

measures water.

of bicarbonate

of soda

and table

CLEANING Use bin a fairly out.

of bicarb down

and warm as well. This

water

to wash for

the kitchen all plastic and

It will steel

the smell

is good

stainless REMOVING Have you

WRAPPERS a corner say I have, a mild work

FROM

HOT

SURFACES of a loaf of bread again. of

ever

caught Cant

of a plastic but it must

bag wrapper be hard pad with you

on the toaster? Dampen soda. a cloth

to get it off some need like

and make it will such

scouring

bicarbonate to unplug this

Apparently, goods any

well.

Obviously cleaning

electrical getting

as toasters on the inside

before

them

and avoid

moisture

element. FROM of. lying SURFACES The print can be a real damp a paste until pain to or a

REMOVING Now this

NEWSPRINT is one that leave I have

STAINS experience

get rid drop

of if you gets

a newspaper wet

on a slightly Make gently

surface, with

of rain

the paper

before water

delivery. and rub

bicarbonate disappears. STAINLESS Sometimes when solution An

of soda

and a little

the stain

STEEL stainless

SINKS steel dregs can appear go down to be a bit the sink. of a misnomer, clean especially mine with a

tea and coffee of vinegar

I regularly

and bicarb, vinegar

as above. with bicarb is to use soda water, which will

alternative

to using

avoid

the possibility though, HARD

of scratching, just use warm

especially water.

on new

sinks

and appliances.

If in doubt REMOVING Water area. clean STEEL Despite stains Use with

WATER

STAINS occurrence, if you live in a hard and then water wipe

are another

common

bicarbonate vinegar. PAN

of soda, Watch out

sprinkled for

on to the stain, remember!

the fizz,

WOOL the many

SCRUBBERS scourers available stains them these days, pans with some of us still like

other

to use the old dont powder use them

pads very

on stubborn often, keep

to baking in a box

and cast iron. some dry bicarb

If you

and they THE

wont

go rusty. CROCK deep OR bread BREAD crock BIN which weighs bread a ton isnt but left mould is

CLEANING We have

BREAD French as long out

a splendid, fresh,

keeps lurking very

bread

as the odd of sight: for

piece

of organic

in the bottom smelly, out free especially with

in which a few days

case the jolly in a nice of soda

green

if left

warm

kitchen. water keeps down it

Washing mould before

a solution smelling. again. A FOOD never times

of bicarbonate Leave to dry

in warm

and sweet bread OUT this will

thoroughly

and cool

storing

CLEANING Of course, There

PROCESSOR happen to you,

WITH but some

DRIED-ON

FOOD slobs. soaking, for the need just

of us are natural without big

are always

when away

the bowl behind

is left

in the sink, of pots for a while with too

and the blade dishwasher. freshening water, put

is stuck If you

a mountain blender

havent a couple

used

your

it might a cup

up. Use the lid

of teaspoons it for a few

of bicarb seconds.

of warm you can wash

on and run rinse

Afterwards

as normal, REFRESHING To clean and fill cold POTS 1. assault.

or simply

and dry. FLASK flask Leave add a teaspoon to steep for of bicarbonate then rinse of soda out with

A VACUUM an old warm vacuum water.

out with

a while,

water. AND PANS For Remove really what WITH BAKED-ON grease food DEPOSITS and grime you can, you (NB: could Not try non-stick!) the full of

burnt-on burnt-on

then

pour

a layer

bicarbonate moisten make makes 2. baking away

of soda the soda.

on to the base of the pan and use just until always easier. get it all off, for hours, this put for example after the next burns day, then scrub

enough

water

to I

Leave

clean.

Whenever This

custard cleaning

the milk a lot

on the bottom

of the pan.

method

If that

doesnt

a pan has been in the bottom the heat and

in the oven

a layer

of water from

add a cup sprinkle the fizzing full

of vinegar.

Bring

to the boil,

remove of soda.

and then

in two effect,

tablespoons and stand of vinegar off

of bicarbonate back unless

Remember the idea

to expect of two nostrils

you

fancy The

of the smell then

at close further bad,

quarters.

remains

of the cooking

should 3. hour

loosen

without too

resistance. it in bicarb and water not pad. of salt juice. with two this of over the for half an

If the pan isnt before washing the pan, Heres of soda article

soak

normally. use the soda another idea:

Alternatively, dry mix with

if youre a scouring

bothered

about

scratching 4. bicarbonate offending REMOVING Most for for loyal her, of my using cooking

one spoonful lemon off with

and mix

with to dry.

a little Rub

Spread

and leave ON

a scouring

pad. WARE variety; perfect pot most with

STAINS casseroles

ENAMELLED

CAST-IRON are of the cast-iron for minimal from many effort

and saucepans (making

on, and in, an Aga on top, given inside

the same The

the oven

or serving mother inside after

at the table). years

of these, is now

to me by my old. creamy regular The

of service

about

30 years

of the pot over food

had become as a result days

markedly of daily

browner

than

the original stains (and

colour burnt-on lease

the years,

use and food cooking). vinegar. treatment GAS If you them for

in the early by a treatment

of Aga and

It has been Use Method

given

a new

of life

of bicarb wont

1, as opposite. they have

Some

of the newer dark,

pots non-stick

get this

though,

because

a different,

coating.

BURNERS can remove the gas burners water with easily four to clean tablespoons around them, immerse of soda

in a pan of boiling a few minutes. THE TOP

of bicarbonate

CLEANING Wet

OF THE

STOVE of soda on to the top. Allow to sit

the area and sprinkle

bicarbonate

for

about

30 minutes THE oven

before

removing

and rinsing

off.

CLEANING Even lengths thick if your

OVEN is really expensive

INTERIOR dirty you dont oven need to go to the desperate All over you need is a when

of buying paste

and toxic of soda Leave

cleaners. Wipe while

of bicarbonate down.

and water. overnight

the inside does

the oven Wipe

has cooled with

the soda and grot.

its work. areas can

down

warm neat with

water

to remove

the grease

Stubborn You

can be treated clean bottle. An alternative with a glass

with door

bicarbonate a weak

of soda

on a scourer kept

or cloth.

solution,

perhaps

in a labelled

spray

method water moist

is to spray and place by spraying

the inside bicarbonate every few

of the oven of soda hours

(once

it is floor. overnight

cool/cold) Keep before GLASS Fill dash fizz

on the oven leave

the oven removing AND

and then

the deposits. STAINLESS STEEL warm and half minutes. water COFFEE while POTS (not aluminium) in a sink. of soda. and dry Add Leave carefully. a to

the pot of white

or jug

with

it is standing of bicarbonate fresh water

vinegar for a few

a teaspoon Rinse with

and soak

COFFEE Running good remove BABY These Again,

MAKERS bicarbonate and refresh of soda and water with through the machine water will give it a to

clean

it. Rinse

plenty of soda.

of clear

afterwards,

all traces BOTTLES

of the bicarbonate

can be cleaned be sure to rinse STAINS a little water

with

a solution

of bicarbonate

of soda

and water.

thoroughly. FROM COFFEE of soda Leave CHROME a moist make quickly into MUGS the bottom for of the cup before and add rinsing.

REMOVING Sprinkle warm

bicarbonate a paste. AND with but

to make STEEL

to stand

a while

STAINLESS These which

KITCHEN cloth sure for

APPLIANCES I tried it on our kettle as

can be polished stands

and bicarb. the kettle you

on the hob, dries

is cool

or empty the marks

first, away.

otherwise REMOVING

the bicarb GREASE

too

to polish

SPILLS

If you you spill. prevent which WASTE Do

spill

grease paper

or oil towels,

on the kitchen then sprinkle when if you

floor

while

cooking, of soda more time, straight

mop

up what

can with This

bicarbonate you have

on to the and will away and

can be mopped that

up later occurs

the skidding spreads across

use detergent

the floor. UNITS these? If so, you lemon can apparently juice clean them I prefer out with a

DISPOSAL still have

houses

mixture composting

of bicarbonate my kitchen

of soda, waste.

and vinegar.

BATHROOM

USES

Anywhere deposits. cloakroom, bicarbonate Shower Cleaning Cleaning Cleaning Fragrant Cleaning Getting Cleaning Flushing Removing SHOWER I dont mac

that Add

water a lack

lurks

there

are likely

to be odours example

and mouldy in a bathroom, for using

of air circulating, room,

as for

toilet

or shower

and the possibilities it seems.

of soda

are endless,

Curtains Tiles Taps Out Sink and Grouting (Faucets) the Bath Cleaner Traps Under Pan the Basin and Wash Basin

Bathroom Rid of Damp

the Toilet with Soda

Soap

Scum

from

the Shower

CURTAINS have these anymore, toilets, with but remember vividly that smell of old plastic

and camping

a trim with

of mould four

along

the seams. of

Put them

in the bath

and brush

or sponge

or five

tablespoons

bicarbonate with hot

of soda. water

You

can use an old vinegar. Hang

toothbrush the curtains

for

the seams.

Rinse

and white

outside

if possible

to dry CLEANING This gives

thoroughly. TILES instant AND results GROUTING and a sense made of two of that smell Rinse of extreme parts satisfaction. of soda that Using an old

toothbrush white shower wont

and a paste, rids

bicarbonate look quickly

to one part up in the so you results.

vinegar, bit smell

the grout The initial shop.

yellowy-pink of vinegar with

builds

by bit. like

disappears, head for quick

a chip

the shower

CLEANING Another tiles,

TAPS gratifying give off

(FAUCETS) job! While you have some a treat of the paste as well. for Id mixed been for trying and had the the to

as above,

the base of the taps the basin product, meets which

get the marks even bought

where

the chrome I didnt The bicarb BASIN

a while

a commercial

use when worked

I saw a treat.

contents CLEANING Using built-up water.

and read OUT

the cautions THE BATH parts

attached. AND bicarb

WASH to one part with

the paste soap The

of two

vinegar,

you

can remove with

the cold

scum hole

by gently will

applying

a damp

cloth.

Rinse

plug

benefit

as well.

FRAGRANT Put about liquid oil soap four

SINK

CLEANER of bicarbonate Add a drop oil. of soda of tea tree into oil, a bowl two with enough of lemon

tablespoons a paste.

to make of orange

drops

and two

or lavender TRAPS removable it, along gel, etc. tub (use

CLEANING If you basin, have you

BATHROOM one of those can remove conditioner, bit

traps

in the shower, slimy to deal

bath

or wash of hair, the water. you Add throw

with that

the gross, is so foul

build-up with. Soak

shampoo, removable vinegar it away GETTING Where for

in a plastic effect

in a solution an old

of bicarb tub, but

and warm make

extra

ice cream afterwards). THE with

sure

or recycle RID cleaning you

it immediately OF DAMP cloths lurk, UNDER along

BASIN or half-used flannel to form. bottles or old Leave a of

unwanted year

something toothbrush, tub

got

for

Christmas place with for

last

and the odd damp patches

is the perfect of soda

nasty off

of bicarbonate

the lid

to absorb

the damp.

CLEANING Instead Leave bicarb

THE

TOILET bleach, try

PAN putting away. bicarbonate The toilet of soda down the pan. with

of using a while

before

flushing

seat can be wiped

in solution WITH

as well. SODA a little bicarbonate and you, THE will of soda too, will into flush the cistern with pride! and

FLUSHING Every leave month

or so, sprinkle Flush SOAP a shower

overnight.

in the morning FROM you

REMOVING If you have

SCUM cubicle

SHOWER how difficult it can be to get doors four properly. tablespoons with a cloth Try of and

know

in all the corners using bicarb you a paste to two

and to clean

the inside of soda

of the sliding Use

of bicarbonate of vinegar. This

and vinegar.

can be applied to get into

to the doors

can use an old scum

toothbrush

the corners. It also

It will

cut through the plug

the soap hole

and refresh as a bonus.

the darkest

recesses.

refreshes

and drain,

GENERAL

USES

Remember, you havent

its

always

a good

idea

to carry

out

a spot If you out

test on a surface have left-over way.

if

used make

the suggested sure they

methods

before. and kept

solutions, Floor

are labelled

of harms

Cleaner Up Cleaner Cleaner Cleaner Cleaner Marks I II Vomit I II

Cleaning Silver Silver Brass Brass Crayon Ink Spills

Carpet

Cleaner

Helping Aluminium Vinyl Spills Super FLOOR Use would

to Put On Rubber Window

Gloves Frames

and Door

Chairs on Books Filler CLEANER of bicarbonate floor cleaner. of soda dissolved in warm water. Use as you

a solution any other

CLEANING My well water lingering SILVER Silver saves silver water. mum told

UP VOMIT me about floor this when Use our children were babies. It works of soda It kills the and really

on most for mild smell

surfaces.

a solution

of bicarbonate gradually.

cases too.

and work

into

the carpet

CLEANER can be cleaned you being Spread using worn over toxic

I with a paste of bicarbonate and also of soda prevents and water, your precious which

chemicals Use

again

away.

three

tablespoonfuls You

of bicarb

to one of warm toothbrush

the object

and let it dry. with a soft,

can use an old cloth.

to get into SILVER For heavily

all the crevices. CLEANER tarnished II silver,

Polish

clean

try

this

method.

The

tarnish through

is silver a little a piece over

sulphide alchemy. of to

and this For large

can be restored items foil fill

without

abrasive with

cleaners hot water

a plastic

bucket

and put of soda 15 minutes

aluminium be cleaned it out

in the bottom. it into

Sprinkle

bicarbonate Leave it for items

the item taking

and put

the water. cloth.

before

and drying foil not

with baking really

a soft tray

Smaller way.

can be washed

in an old

aluminium (Well, active which reaction.) BRASS okay, metal,

in the same but

Magic! between reacts aluminium, with sulphur a very in the air,

magic, which The

a reaction Silver

and silver it tarnish.

is inert. aluminium

makes

removes

the sulphur

by chemical

CLEANER

A recipe of flour, mixed BRASS Sprinkle and polish CRAYON These water, INK These vinegar CARPET Whatever liquid mild

I came

across

for

cleaning

brass

suggests

using

two

tablespoons of soda,

one tablespoon together with

of salt

and one tablespoon a thick paste.

of bicarbonate

vinegar II

to make

CLEANER some dry

bicarbonate thoroughly.

of soda

on to half

a lemon

and rub

clean.

Rinse

MARKS with water. a mild solution of bicarbonate of soda and

can be removed rinsed SPILLS can be treated solution. Rub with hot

on a hard gently

floor

surface until

with

bicarbonate

of soda

and

at the stain

it fades.

CLEANER the spill, use bicarbonate This can then of soda be swept to soak up as much of the with a

as possible. solution

up and the carpet water. Allow

dabbed to dry

of bicarbonate before TO like PUT vacuuming. ON

of soda

and warm

thoroughly HELPING This before before help sounds

RUBBER trick, After a little time AND only you

GLOVES I always have forget used to put the gloves rinsing each on them one. It will

a good

I start removal,

a grotty sprinkle

job.

the gloves, inside smell.

bicarbonate and will DOOR

of soda any

to get them

on next WINDOW

prevent FRAMES

ALUMINIUM Mix fittings VINYL Simply Follow SPILLS Horror two parts

bicarbonate Wipe

of soda clean with

to one part a damp

vinegar cloth.

for

cleaning

tracks,

and frames. CHAIRS wipe this ON down up with BOOKS

with a dry

a weak cloth.

solution

of bicarbonate

of soda

and water.

of horrors, of soda Of course, clean!).

a spilt

drink

has spoiled pages your

your

favourite dry

book!

Sprinkle

bicarbonate possible. least,

on the wet if its not

and let them youll

in the sun if to own up (or, at

book,

have

come

SUPER Apparently, filler for

FILLER you cracks. can mix Since bicarbonate of soda with because experience superglue to make and a

I wont

use the latter any

of the smell of this

chemicals Careful

involved, with that

I cant glue,

say I have

technique.

though! LAUNDRY USES

If in doubt using first Fabric Silk

about

the colour of soda part

fastness on delicate

of the item, fabrics,

or in the suitability try a small

of

bicarbonate

always

sample

on a less obvious Softener Underwear the Iron

of the garment

or item.

Cleaning Stain Whiter Whitener Removing Removing Grease Removing FABRIC Added one part will Add SILK This want make four

remover Nappies for (Diapers) Washing with Less Effort

Bloodstains Vomit Stains Marks on Suede and Unwashable Fabric Items

SOFTENER to the laundry, vinegar (white), bicarbonate one part which of soda bicarbonate you rinse. acts as a fabric of soda softener. parts Mixing water

and two

a suitable tablespoons

solution

can keep

in a bottle

(labelled).

to the final

UNDERWEAR has been recommended fabric for use with silk underwear, may harm when you dont skin.

to use commercial

conditioners

that

sensitive

Rinse every without

the garments

in a mild This

solution should

of bicarbonate remove any

of soda

and water

ten or so washes. affecting THE

build-up

of minerals

the skin. IRON can be removed down! with a paste of bicarb and

CLEANING Deposits water. STAIN Rinse soda such

on the base of an iron Unplug the iron first

and let it cool

REMOVER the article to the stain as silk (but in cold and then see above water wash for before the stain Dont dries. try Apply this bicarbonate on delicate of fabrics

as normal. silk underwear

treatment). EFFORT to save in a bucket them, them using valuable

WHITER If terry resources, of soda so much WHITENER Mix whites

NAPPIES nappies then solution washing FOR lemon make this

(DIAPERS) the comeback help.

WITH they

LESS

deserve,

will

Soak

the nappies you hot come water

of bicarbonate you white. wont need

overnight. powder

When or much

to wash to keep

WASHING juice with one part bicarbonate of soda. Add to your

one part for

a mild

bleaching

effect.

REMOVING Soak amount clothing

BLOODSTAINS in a bucket of cold water with overnight a cup of vinegar washing and an equal as normal.

of bicarbonate VOMIT removing

of soda.

Leave

before

REMOVING Soak as for

bloodstains,

but

with

double

the bicarbonate

of soda,

and leave GREASE These

out

the vinegar.

STAINS before you wash the item, with a paste with of two parts

can be removed, of soda mark MARKS

bicarbonate Rub

to one part gently ON

cream

of tartar,

mixed

a little

water.

the grease

before SUEDE

washing. AND UNWASHABLE FABRIC

REMOVING ITEMS Sprinkle

bicarbonate Check

of soda a small

over

the item

and brush that USES wont

gently

to remove first.

dirt

and grease.

part

of the item

be obvious

OUTDOOR

Dealing Outside Dustbins Paddling

with Drains

Grease

or Oil

Spills

Pools and Pool Areas

Spa Baths Windscreens Barbecue Fire

and Windows Grills

Prevention Furniture

Garden

Greenhouses Doormats Melting Regulating Septic Battery Test for Tanks Acid Soil Bugs Against Spot Spill Acidity Off the Car Powdery Mildew and Cleaner Snow and Ice in a Pool or Spa

the pH

Washing Spraying Black

Preventative Restorer WITH grease of soda GREASE or oil spilt OR OIL SPILLS floor, sprinkle with

Paintbrush DEALING If you have

on the garage it to stand.

bicarbonate

and leave

Brush

up and rinse.

OUTSIDE 1. bicarbonate magic. water. 2. soda with

DRAINS Outside of soda this drains need some care as well. Stand pour Use half a tub of works hot its

and a cup an hour

of vinegar. or two, then

back down

as the fizz lots of very

Leave

for

You some

could boiling

also

use equal

quantities

of salt

and bicarbonate

of

water.

DUSTBINS Sprinkle dustbin. while. half Swill Empty a tub round out of bicarbonate with a couple the nearest of soda of bowls drain. into the bottom water of the empty and leave for a

of warm

down

PADDLING Childrens soda

POOLS paddling At to dry AND pools can be cleaned with repeat putting a solution this away of bicarbonate and allow of the

and water. pool

the end of the season thoroughly POOL AREAS of soda before

method

paddling SPA Use

in storage.

BATHS a solution

of bicarbonate

and water

to wash

down

the

walkways. WINDSCREENS These AND WINDOWS with a damp for cloth sprinkled myself. with a little bicarbonate

can be cleaned I still like

of soda.

vinegar

the job,

BARBECUE These

GRILLS of hammer. Sometimes if these More often the grease and dirt can be burnt off

get a lot

by the next In our

barbecue, you

especially shout.

are a frequent than not, for rain wet

summer stops

occurrence. play in our A scrub after the

climate?, (we like

garden with rain. FIRE

you,

probably

are famous will clean

barbies). even

bicarbonate

of soda

and vinegar

up the mess,

PREVENTION of soda where there creates carbon dioxide, it is a useful or grease. substance The soda to will

As bicarbonate have around

are flammable the flames. Keep

chemicals a tub

prevent

oxygen

feeding

handy.

GARDEN Wipe down

FURNITURE with to clean a solution of water and bicarbonate and chairs. of soda at the end of

the winter

and freshen

the table

GREENHOUSES Our since dried old greenhouse got gets quite musty weve if there isnt enough time ventilation. getting a tub smell Ever

water out

through

the roof

had a hard months.

the wood of and creates with a

and the air freshened of soda for left open

in the winter absorbs You some

Half

bicarbonate carbon solution

of the damp wash to inhibit down

dioxide

the plants. of soda

can also

the interior

of bicarbonate

and water

spores

and bacteria.

DOORMATS Porch and outside doormats Brush will AND salt can be cleaned vigorously with a sprinkling sweep away of the dirt. Next

bicarbonate time it rains

of soda. the job SNOW

and then

be complete. ICE path, which will harm any snow plants it

MELTING Instead comes

of using into

on the garden with, pH

contact

use bicarbonate IN A POOL OR

of soda SPA

to melt

and ice.

REGULATING When alkalinity

THE needs

to be increased

in swimming a balance

pools

and spas, is too much

bicarbonate chlorine. SEPTIC Adding pH glad

of soda

can be added

to restore

if there

TANKS a tub of bicarbonate an environment of soda just drainage AND to a septic for tank will maintain job. a healthy Im still

and keep that

right now,

bacteria though!

to do their

we are on mains ACID bicarbonate battery SPILL

BATTERY Sprinkle You mixed

CLEANER on to battery with two acid spills to neutralize of bicarbonate Vaseline around the acid. of soda the

of soda terminals

can clean with

teaspoons a little

a litre

(2 pt) of water. will ACIDITY of soda help

Smearing further

base of the terminal TEST Use FOR SOIL

prevent

problems.

bicarbonate acidic

in the garden need neutralizing.

to test for

acidity.

If the soil

bubbles

it is too

and will

WASHING Use a solution

BUGS

OFF

THE

CAR dead of dirt. insects. Use on the

to wash to remove AGAINST treatment

the car and remove grease and build-up

windscreen SPRAYING This a lot

POWDERY to prevent harsh

MILDEW plants suffering especially the foliage otherwise from if you milldew. are trying Spray probably It is also to be in the get

is an old safer

to use than Before

chemicals, water

organic. evening scorched. Mix pint plants BLACK Use

spraying, in full

first

and let it dry. the leaves will

and never

sunlight,

together of soapy normally SPOT

half water

a tablespoon in a spray

of bicarbonate bottle. Apply

of soda to both

with

half

a litre

or a of

sides

of the leaves

affected. PREVENTATIVE above, but add a drop when of soda the fungal of vegetable dried. makes The oil soap to the bottle helps to help the

the spray

the mixture mixture alkaline, is that

stick

to the leaves

to spread

and the bicarbonate which there will will inhibit

the surfaces The biggest

of the leaves advantage the of this

spores.

be no adverse

environmental

impact

because

ingredients PAINTBRUSH You may

are safe. RESTORER to salvage of hot your water This with old paintbrushes with two work spirit that have gone hard by

be able them

soaking four paint,

in a pint

tablespoons on brushes first, but

of vinegar used will for

and gloss

of bicarbonate which you

of soda. didnt clean

wont white

renovate

emulsion

brushes. PETS AND PESTS

Ridding Dog Bath

Your

House

of Ants Control Tank the Cat Brought Up

and Flea Out Up a Fish

Cleaning Clearing

Something

Cockroaches RIDDING Put some away DOG Adding your come coat, dog ants. BATH a little YOUR bicarbonate Once AND white they HOUSE OF ANTS inside the bottom they of the door pain. frame to drive

of soda

get in the house CONTROL

are a real

FLEA

vinegar and also sprinkling owner If left seems coat

and bicarbonate leave a soft coat.

of soda Some

to a bath suggestions

will

make Ive

less doggy advise not

across but Im

bicarbonate and it sounds in contact a kinder for

of soda like long

directly

on to the dogs to me: harm for the

a dog

a bit

of a trial might

the dog dogs

and the owner. so the bath into

the soda way. like

skin,

and simpler out

Sprinkling treatment. CLEANING Having

the dogs

and combing

sounds

a dry

shampoo

OUT

A FISH fish, water

TANK and other vinegar contents, to remove use a thick stains paste of Rinse

removed

bicarbonate thoroughly CLEARING Using where cleaning away,

of soda before

and white reintroducing

and smells.

the fish. THE CAT BROUGHT way UP over surfaces carpet

UP SOMETHING of soda

bicarbonate

in water his lunch

is a great or left

to wipe card.

the cat has parked and other too. floor

his calling the stain

As with

surfaces,

it removes

and takes

the smell

COCKROACHES Luckily parts dark, will Ive never had to deal of soda areas with these, but apparently mixing where they equal lurk, boards, i.e.

of bicarbonate dank undersink off.

with

sugar

and spreading skirting boards

and behind

or kicking

see them

NEUTRALIZING

NASTY

NIFFS

Sweeter Pillows

Smelling

Rubber

Gloves

Musty Air Air

Mattresses for for Carpets the Room Smell

Freshener Freshener Rid

Getting Smelly

of a Woody Bags

Swimming the Bin Odour

Deodorizing Undersink Attics

and Cellars Deodorizer

Refrigerator Drains Again

Greenhouse Vacuum Hang Smelly

Mustiness Cleaner Treat Deodorizing Sachets

Anywhere Shoes

Deodorizing No-smell Deodorizing Getting Rid Kitty

Wooden Litter Disused of Odours Carpets Terry

Chopping

Boards

Flasks on Your in the Car Nappies (Diapers) GLOVES rinsing each them one. before help removal, to prevent sprinkle any a smell Hands

Deodorizing Deodorizing SWEETER After little coming you

SMELLING have used

RUBBER the gloves, inside you

bicarbonate from them

of soda when

It will time.

use them

next

PILLOWS If your outside, them pillows put are liable dry to smell bicarbonate and you of soda cant inside give with them a good airing to keep

a little fresh.

the filling

smelling

MUSTY

MATTRESSES or spare room, smell has been a bit shut up for a while even and not properly

If the house, aired, dry. you AIR Equal a smelly the whiff AIR Mix

the mattress Turn make

may

damp a little

and musty, bicarbonate

if it is perfectly on before

the mattress

and sprinkle fresh

of soda

up the bed with FOR

bedding.

FRESHENER proportions carpet should

CARPETS of soda and cornflour vacuum can be sprinkled up the powder on and

of bicarbonate or rug at night.

In the morning,

be gone. FOR THE ROOM oil fragrance cheaper with than a small bowl of air freshener, even use an

FRESHENER a few drops

of preferred This

bicarbonate without ashtray, GETTING If you wardrobe dont any

of soda. cloying

is much

a commercial You could

or overpowering that smoking SMELL

fragrance. is not

thereby RID like

indicating

encouraged

in the house!

OF A WOODY the smell try that

emanates a little

from

that

old

wooden

chest

or

(closet), it with

sprinkling lining paper.

bicarbonate

of soda place

in the bottom box or tub might

and covering of the powder

Alternatively, forget

an opened though

in the bottom. it over! BAGS with BIN of soda

Dont

it is there,

you

end up knocking SMELLY These

SWIMMING can be freshened THE

a sprinkling

of bicarbonate

of soda.

DEODORIZING Sprinkle weather. UNDERSINK Place an open nasty out

bicarbonate

in your

dustbin

to keep

the smell

down

in hot

ODOUR container niffs from of bicarbonate cloths in bicarb, of soda on the shelf under the sink if

to avoid you rinse

and cleaning they wont

paraphernalia. smell anyway.

Of course,

the cloths

ATTICS Again, areas

AND open you

CELLARS containers visit of bicarbonate very often, like of soda the loft. will act as air fresheners in

dont

REFRIGERATOR You can do this

DEODORIZER by either of soda wiping out the refrigerator a small with a cloth pot washed of the

in bicarbonate powder DRAINS Yes, inside. AGAIN

solution,

or by leaving

opened

as well

as cutting drains.

through

the grease,

the bicarbonate

of soda

will

deodorize

your

GREENHOUSE The during VACUUM Sprinkling especially HANG This white pair

MUSTINESS half when tub you TREAT into the new bag will stop that often. old dog smell, of bicarbonate cant have of soda the windows will freshen the air

use of an open, the months

open.

CLEANER a little if you

powder dont

need

to change

the bag very SACHETS and mean Use sachet that

ANYWHERE recycling powder trick lying

DEODORIZING might around be useful everywhere.

you

dont

have

bowls

of or

the foot that you

of an old can hang

stocking anywhere.

of tights

to make

a deodorizing into

Put the bicarbonate and go back stocking. grabs you, This over

of soda the ball

the foot, with

twist

the leg round layer

a few or

times

of powder with

a second ribbon,

of tight band,

can be tied

a string,

elastic

or whatever or attic.

and hung SHOES smell

in a cupboard,

hidden

in the dog

basket,

SMELLY The worst

in the world bicarbonate

comes

wafting into

out them

of my

sons

five-a-side them here

trainers. again

Sprinkling will

of soda pleasure! CHOPPING

if he leaves

be an undiluted WOODEN etc.

DEODORIZING The smell

BOARDS by wiping water. the board with a

of onions of bicarbonate KITTY a little

can be eradicated of soda and warm

solution NO-SMELL Sprinkling

LITTER bicarbonate of soda into the litter tray, when washing out

or changing DEODORIZING As well refresh GETTING A great with way

the contents, DISUSED

will

deodorize FLASKS

the tray.

as cleaning, the inside RID

a solution of the flask

of bicarbonate and eliminate ON YOUR of fish

of soda any residual

and water smell.

will

OF ODOURS

HANDS on your them. hands is to rub them

to get rid

of the smell before IN dog, problem Putting

bicarbonate

of soda CARPETS

washing THE even CAR

DEODORIZING Our that car used is!). We

to smell

of old

though

we didnt

have not

one (a dog, the kind that

had a mystery circus have tricks!). solved put

with

a leaky

seal (no, of soda into

can perform ashtray accident sprinkling would

bicarbonate Alas,

the unused off have in an tried

the problem. it to the test. before

the car was I would

written also

before bicarb

I could

Otherwise, vacuuming.

on to the carpets TERRY NAPPIES seem when

DEODORIZING I know they bucket ritual amount cant that most

(DIAPERS) nappies Soaking nowadays, nappies but in a was a the I

parents

to use disposable kids were babies.

werent with that

an option a solution not only got

my

of bicarbonate rid of the smell needed suffering

of soda

and water but white rash

overnight also

of ammonia them nappy

cut down

of washing recall

powder ever

to keep from

and stainless. either.

the children

Personal

Uses

for

Bicarbonate

of

Soda

My well

research as some for

has led me to some truly interest only bizarre rather ones. than have

interesting Ive put

solutions in some

to old

problems natural these or a

as

of the old,

remedies suggestions specialist Bath Bath

to recommend any doubts, in.

them. consult

Obviously your doctor

are

and if you before

in the field

launching

Bombs Detox Treat Softener

Bathtime Bathwater Bee Stings

Brushes Cleaning Cleaning Cleaning Cold Curling Cystitis Deep Dry Dry Dry Face Foot Foot

and Combs Contact Skin Smells Lenses

Abrasions from Your Hands

Sores Irons

Cleanser Shampoo Shampoo Skin Wash Odour Spa Eater I II

Treatment

Gargling Gum Hand Lip Mild Nappy

and Mouthwash

Massage Treatment Exfoliator Acne (Diaper) Rash Enhancer

Performance Razor Burn

Relieving Relieving Relieving Relieving Relieving Removing Removing Stomach Sunburn Tooth

Acid Acidity Insect Mild Skin

Indigestion in Urine Bites Skin Infections

Irritation of Hair Products

a Build-up Splinters Ache

Whitener Care

and Cleaner

Toothbrush Underarm Wart BATH Did you

Deodorant

Treatment BOMBS know that the main You ingredient in fizzy your own bath with products three parts is bicarbonate

bicarbonate

of soda?

can make

of soda You just Mix

to one part moulds

citric for

acid. this

Add purpose,

your but

own

fragrance

oils

or colouring. would work

can buy as well. together may

I think

egg boxes

the dry stain).

ingredients

and add water-based to overdo with

colour

(not

pigment, will be

as this stronger is good is too

Dont with

be tempted water. Mix

the colour of your

as this choice

when for stiff,

mixed

the oil

(lavender

relaxation) add a little to dry. This

until

it clumps like

together almond oil.

in your

hand.

If the mixture of this into

base oil, will

Put small When you

balls want

the egg box just BATH Use put

take

a day

or two.

to use one,

in a bath DETOX

of water

and enjoy.

one part for

bicarbonate 20 minutes. TREAT four

of soda Rinse

to one part off or shower

sea salt

in a hot

bath.

Lie

back

and relax BATHTIME Mix

to remove

the salt.

together

tablespoons cinnamon, will keep

of bicarbonate a pinch for some

of soda, ginger

two

of sugar,

one of for a

teaspoon ground bath,

of ground cloves. This

of ground time.

and a pinch are ready water.

When

you

take

two

tablespoons SOFTENER of bicarbonate

of the dry

mix

and add to running

BATHWATER Use water. BEE Mix STINGS a paste half a cup

of soda

in the bath,

and add to running

of bicarbonate removed. COMBS

of soda

and water.

Apply

to the swelling,

after

the sting BRUSHES These

has been AND

can be cleaned build-up

in a solution of products.

of bicarbonate If you can, immerse

of soda

and warm brush.

water If or

to remove you

the whole of the range around

are bothered bristle

about

harming you

the handle can swish thing. This

of a top the bristles was how

model

an antique, without pure

variety,

in the water washed

immersing brushes.

the whole

the Victorians

bristle

CLEANING Apparently, rinse

CONTACT bicarbonate however,

LENSES of soda in water cleans contact lenses. You must

thoroughly,

to avoid

stinging.

CLEANING Wash sounds still with fine,

SKIN a mild but

ABRASIONS solution of bicarbonate sprinkling of the remedy YOUR fish with before of soda the graze entirely and warm with black water. pepper That while

what that

about part

wet?

I leave

up to you.

CLEANING If you have

SMELLS been

FROM

HANDS or preparing a sprinkling washing onions, you might like on

painting,

gutting odour

to get rid your COLD Apply dont

of the lingering Rub them

of bicarbonate with soapy water.

of soda

hands.

together

SORES the bicarbonate rub. This will of soda promote as a paste healing with water on to the sore, the affected but area.

as well

as soothing

CURLING Baked-on mixture mixed

IRONS hair products, such as hairspray and gel, of soda first, can be removed and a teaspoon though! with of salt, a

of one tablespoon with a little vinegar.

of bicarbonate Turn off

the tongs

CYSTITIS Cystitis you occurs when pain to go the bladder when passing lining water. becomes There much but inflamed may urine. dont to flush and can mean and

experience need with

be an urgent This

frequent by a bath irritants.

without

producing of soda plenty added,

can be alleviated oils or system could of

bicarbonate as drinking

use other out

As well

of water juice a day with

the urinary you

and drinking also soda try

a glass

of cranberry glass

as a preventative, a teaspoon

drinking

a large the urine

of water First

of bicarbonate however, consider

to make

less acidic. doctor.

and foremost,

seeking DEEP Mix

the advice CLEANSER

of your

an egg yolk

with

a teaspoon oil. Add

of vinegar,

a teaspoon

of lemon of soda. water.

juice Apply

and to

a tablespoon the skin DRY with

of olive circular I

a teaspoon Rinse

of bicarbonate off with warm

movements.

SHAMPOO

I remember a teenager think apart

someone

at school was time

doing obsessed to wash faced

this with

with not hair

talcum having

powder greasy

when hair.

I was I cant

and everyone there isnt

of when from

your with

nowadays of water.

in the shower, However, the

when

camping

and/or

a lack

tip out

is: sprinkle and dry

bicarbonate in warm II air.

of soda Luckily

on to your have

hair

and rub hair

through. anymore!

Comb

I dont

greasy

DRY This

SHAMPOO sounds even

less pleasant. on your warm

Sprinkle head.

one teaspoon in for

of oatmeal a few minutes,

and one then

of bicarbonate comb DRY Make example water. FACE A mild your FOOT Use your FOOT To put of hot soaking stone. GARGLING Gargling water GUM Slightly will with WASH solution or brush SKIN a paste rough

of soda out.

Massage help

Again,

air will

to get rid

of residue.

TREATMENT of bicarbonate elbows, of soda for and olive three oil. Apply Rinse to dry with skin, warm for

and leave

minutes.

of bicarbonate soap. EATER of soda for

of soda

in warm

water

is good

for

washing

face

without

ODOUR bicarbonate feet. SPA life water will

as a substitute a foot

for

talcum

powder

after

washing

See below

spa suggestion.

and harmony with also four soften

back

into

tired,

smelly

feet,

soak

them Bliss! with

in a bowl The a pumice

tablespoons hard skin,

of bicarbonate which you

of soda.

can remove

AND half

MOUTHWASH a teaspoon and soothe of bicarbonate your mouth of soda and throat. in a small glass of

freshen

MASSAGE more astringent, of soda sprinkle and brush TREATMENT hands put two tablespoons your place hands your for of bicarbonate about of soda Dry into a bowl and or of but a powerful Rub this gum into massage: your gums take with equal your amounts finger.

of bicarbonate Alternatively, toothbrush HAND

and salt. half

a teaspoon

of bicarbonate

of soda

on to your

as normal.

To soften hot apply water. hand

Sit and soak cream, then

20 minutes. clean

them gloves

hands

inside

cotton

clean socks,

socks you

for might

another have

20 minutes a bit

and relax.

Of course

if you may

use the cause dont you try

of explaining is good for

to do, which you, too!

also case,

to laugh the next LIP Mix over MILD Use leave rub

a lot, item

but

laughing

In which

at the same

time.

EXFOLIATOR a little your bicarbonate lips. Remove of soda with a few lip drops balm. of lemon juice. Work

and cover

with

ACNE a paste for of bicarbonate ten minutes. skin. RASH your from use of bicarbonate a tablespoon of soda in the washing, to sooth nappy of soda Rinse with off a drop carefully of water. with Apply water to spots but and

about

warm

never

or scrub

your

NAPPY As well your rash.

(DIAPER)

as appreciating may benefit

baby

in the bathwater

PERFORMANCE Bicarbonate build-up is also have

ENHANCER of soda has been during used races by athletes and cyclists to counter trials. the There

of lactic the risk

acid

of up to 800

m or in time however,

of stomach effect!

upsets

and diarrhoea,

which

might

the opposite BURN solution after

RAZOR Dab works

a mild well

of bicarbonate armpits

of soda

on to the affected deodorant

areas.

This

shaving

and acts as a mild

as well.

RELIEVING This used ageold

ACID remedy

INDIGESTION has given relief to generations. brands, Bicarbonate including of soda is

in the manufacture and Andrews However, so you

of several Liver may consult

commercial Salts. be several your you

AlkaSeltzer CAUTION: indigestion, Also, if you does

there should

causes

for

prolonged persist.

doctor should

if the symptoms check and, that if you your

are taking not interfere blood

medication, with pressure, would should other

the bicarbonate suffer from heart

of soda problems Obviously of soda

treatment need

or high this for

you

to limit

intake Taking

of sodium. bicarbonate

remedy

be adding

extra

sodium.

indigestion

be considered

as a temporary

solution

or for

an occasional more than two under .

problem weeks six

and you at a time. should never

should

never

take

indigestion

remedies

for

Children indigestion The Avoid normal

be given

bicarbonate

of soda

for

dose large

for

adults quantities quarter IN this

is half

a teaspoon or milk

in water products.

every

two

hours. from meals. 6 to

taking

of milk to half URINE is not Uric

Children after

12 years RELIEVING As already soda

can be given ACIDITY stated urine your

a teaspoonful

in water

above,

a long acid

term

solution. to kidney

Bicarbonate stone

of

makes with

less acidic.

can lead

formation,

so check Take doses lot,

GP if in doubt. in water also have every that four this blood hours. will Do not take more than intake four a

one teaspoon a day.

Remember if you INSECT

increase

your

sodium

so beware

high

pressure.

RELIEVING Apply should a paste relieve

BITES of soda and water to the affected area. This

of bicarbonate the irritation MILD SKIN

or discomfort. INFECTIONS date Slice with back two wheat centuries. onions bran I offer finely them for interest. tender of as

RELIEVING Some Make of these a poultice

suggestions as follows. Thicken

and cook

until

in a pint bicarbonate often Or,

of water.

and add half

a tablespoon

of soda.

Put this to reduce

poultice

on the affected

area and change

as is necessary how about

inflammation. Make a pancake with sour part milk, and keep the

a pancake

remedy? flour. stay

bicarbonate pancakes RELIEVING If you try

of soda coming SKIN

and wheat they

Cover warm.

the affected Maybe not!

so that

IRRITATION from a skin irritation or are getting of soda over chickenpox, bath.

are suffering three

adding

tablespoons

of bicarbonate OF HAIR of hair

to a warm

REMOVING If you build-up tablespoon have

A BUILD-UP been using two a lot

PRODUCTS products, you can get rid of soda while of the a are washing

by mixing

tablespoons Massage this

of bicarbonate into your hair

with you

of shampoo.

it and rinse conditioner, REMOVING Mix paste. hours. removed, STOMACH Mix cider cold together vinegar. water a little Apply The

thoroughly. which you

Dont probably

put

anything dont need

else on straightaway, anyway.

like

SPLINTERS water this soda along with half a teaspoon and cover out of bicarbonate it with of soda for to form a couple be easily a of

to a splinter should with any draw

a plaster which

the splinter, and solve

can then

toxins,

the problem.

ACHE one teaspoon After of bicarbonate of soda with fill three tablespoons with of

the effervescence the whole glass

has died full. Relief

down

the glass follow

and drink

should

rapidly.

SUNBURN Relieve spreading soda into sunburn over a tepid by making the affected bath for a paste area. relief of bicarbonate put of soda a cup and water of bicarbonate and of

Alternatively, and soothing.

TOOTH After

WHITENER brushing with

AND toothpaste, your

CLEANER apply teeth. a little This will bicarbonate help of soda them. to the

toothbrush

and re-brush CARE when

to whiten

TOOTHBRUSH This with may a little

be useful sprinkle

camping

or travelling. of soda

Clean

your

toothbrush

of bicarbonate

and rinse

in water.

UNDERARM Dust WART Apply soda. the armpits

DEODORANT with bicarbonate of soda after washing or showering.

TREATMENT a few Remove drops after of vinegar 15 minutes. to the wart Repeat and dust several with bicarbonate a day, until of the wart

times

disappears.

Cooking

with

Bicarbonate

of

Soda

One

of the main

advantages

of using agent. naturally

bicarbonate products

of soda

in baking

is that

it is easy bubbles, atmosphere. from soda

to use as a raising developed Bubbles reaction either

Bakery

are aerated in from

by gas the

or by being by a yeast

folded

can be achieved induced

or bacterial for example,

fermentation, bicarbonate of

chemical with

by combining, or by injecting

another All

ingredient,

gas through breads, Cakes except

whisking rye bread

or and

beating. salt-rising leavened also

commercially varieties (soda dioxide

produced bread), which soda,

cereal

use yeast.

and biscuits bicarbonate it is added

are usually of soda, on its own For it

by carbon

is produced is added.

when When

commonly dough reasons OF

called alkaline

baking

makes these

and causes

deterioration is also

of flavour included.

and colour.

an acid-reacting TARTAR a lot of research effects, acids affects

substance

CREAM There

has been

over

the years

into

improving soda dioxide)

and ash for released. the texture and sour Activities

stabilizing baking. The rate

the above Leavening of release

since

the early the rate

days

of using

regulate the size product. with

of gas (carbon

of the bubbles Acetic acid

and influences (from vinegar)

and volume milk with usually

of the cooked react quickly of Soda aluminium but cream acid.

bicarbonate Cream (alum)

of soda of tartar

(see the Fun (potassium

Bicarbonate sodium added, used

section). sulphate of tartar

acid have and

tartrate), all been widely WHAT Instead baking additives improve and some WHATS So when soda? acid

and calcium commonly

phosphate known

is the most

leavening

A GAS of using powder, such stability. harmless THE should bicarbonate which of soda, then, most commercial in the right easier companies amounts, to measure of carbon use with and

is a mix

of soda make

and acids

as cornflour, So, baking salts.

which powder

the product

is simply

a mixture

dioxide

DIFFERENCE? you add baking powder, as opposed or mix yogurt, you to bicarbonate needs fruit of an The and

If you such

use bicarbonate found place

of soda

the batter sugar,

to include or cocoa. quickly

as that that takes

in honey, will

brown

reaction

be fast,

requiring

to work

start

cooking

the ingredients fizzing.

as soon

as possible,

i.e. before

the carbon

dioxide Baking reaction of milk DOUBLE Most

has finished powder

already

has the acid of tartar,

content needs

needed moisture,

to form

a chemical in the form

in the cream or water, BUBBLE

so only to start

usually

as a catalyst

the reaction.

commercial of carbon inactive a great

baking dioxide

powders during raises

are double-acting, the mixing

giving

off stages,

small then This is of

amounts staying prevents left waiting

and making

until deal

baking of loss for

the temperature may come

of the batter. about

of gas which a long time.

if the batter need a lot

to be cooked the doubleaction are still

If the ingredients going given to work up this food

blending, Just favour desired Sponge powder. ingredient I now you

effect interested

is obviously and havent way

better. section yet in the

in case you of reading effect cakes, Pockets like

the recipes,

the other air through

to leaven folding

and produce

is by trapping for example,

beating,

and whisking. yeast or baking A foaming

can be prepared in during

without the beating for

either

of air are folded egg white why,

of eggs. purpose.

is the ideal when using

ingredient a food lift

this

understand

processor the batter;

to make there

a cake isnt

mix,

need

to add a raising going

agent

to help fluffy

enough the mix. water already

whisking Another vapour formed, have why

on to get the eggs fact a lot Ive learned

and incorporate my research walls

air into is that of bubbles

interesting exerts quite

through

of pressure nears

on the inside point. sinks

as the cake an effect

or loaf

boiling the cake

This

water light

can obviously (and explains baking

quite my

on whether puddings

or stays If you

Yorkshire or bicarbonate risk

always

collapse!).

add too

much

powder rise, into you

of soda

to a mix,

in the hope bursting a bitter

of giving

it an extra sinking too little

the possibility It will also

of the bubbles give the cake powder

and the cake Equally, rubbery

the sunset.

taste.

bicarbonate product. SELF-RAISING This baking

of soda

or baking

results

in a tough,

end

(SELF-RISING) plain added (all-purpose) during

FLOUR flour which has had small amounts of

is basically powder

manufacture.

COOKING

USES

AND

TIPS

Please chemical reasons

remember

that

baking so you

powder cant

and bicarbonate use one in place hints

of soda

are different for the

compounds, explained

of the other for rather using than

above.

The

following

and tips ideas

bicarbonate

of soda

are included

as interesting

recommendations. MAKE You YOUR can make OWN your BAKING own baking POWDER powder. For every teaspoon of baking

powder,

substitute: cream of tartar

teaspoon

teaspoon

bicarbonate

of soda

Pinch Or

of salt

teaspoon

bicarbonate

of soda,

110 Or

ml

(4 fl oz)

buttermilk

or yogurt

teaspoon

bicarbonate

of soda,

teaspoon

cornflour

(cornstarch)

teaspoon NORMAL The normal

cream AMOUNTS amount

of tartar TO USE of soda to add to each For baking mixture powder, is half to

of bicarbonate per 240 150g ml

one level teaspoon COOKING If you a faster live

teaspoon for every AT at high

(8 fl oz) flour.

liquid.

use one

(5oz)

HIGH altitude

ALTITUDE you have can expect greater carbon dioxide but you gas to expand always need at at

rate

and so it will

leavening,

least liquid. TEST

half

a teaspoon

of bicarbonate

of soda

for

every

240

ml

(8 fl oz)

of

FOR

FRESHNESS

(SODA) of soda is still Look for viable, mix a quarter fizz. Soda container of a teaspoon has an in a cool,

To check with two

if bicarbonate teaspoons shelf-life,

of vinegar. but should

an instant

indefinite dry place.

be stored

in an airtight

TEST Mix instant

FOR

FRESHNESS with The 120

(BAKING ml (4 fl oz) of baking should take

POWDER) of hot soda note water. is shorter There than should that of on the be an

one teaspoon reaction.

shelf-life so you

bicarbonate carton. SUBSTITUTE If you them,

of soda,

of the sell-by

date

FOR

EGGS or have half an allergy a teaspoon or other reason for not eating

are short replace

of eggs each

egg with

of baking

powder

and two

tablespoons SUBSTITUTE Instead

of liquid. FOR milk MILK IN SCRAMBLED eggs go further, light with case. EGG add a half teaspoon eggs. I think of I Id

of adding

to make

bicarbonate suppose rather this stick

of soda may with FOR

per egg to make to anyone in that

and fluffy a milk

scrambled allergy, but

be useful an omelette FRYING

BATTERS The batter section. OTHER The addition makes

of bicarbonate them very light

of soda

or baking Look

powder for some

to some recipes

types

of

and crispy.

in a later

(WO)MANS

GREENS of soda but

ALWAYS to water

GREENER? when cooking that greens this Its such as

addition used

of bicarbonate to be common, B1 you

cabbage destroys steam

research

has shown recommended.

practice far better water. to

the vitamins them, so that

and C, so is not dont lose

the colour

in the cabbage

PRETZELS Bicarbonate dark brown of soda is used in the making of pretzels to give them their

appearance.

TOMATO Bicarbonate when WINDS If you avoid you

SAUCE of soda are making OF CHANGE? of soda you have to the water eaten them. when cooking beans, soak it will dried beans can be added tomato to tomatoes to neutralize their acidity

sauce.

add bicarbonate flatulence with raisers! MEAT once added

Alternatively,

in water curtain

bicarbonate

of soda

to aid digestion

. . . and avoid

TENDERIZING You

can add a teaspoon time you tougher

of bicarbonate down cook

of soda

to beef

stew,

to speed

up

the cooking Alternatively, tenderize

and break could cuts just

the tough it for

fibres,

apparently. restaurants allegedly

longer.

Some

of beef

and pork

by soaking it for

the meat several

in a solution hours in the

of bicarbonate refrigerator. residue. PLUCKING I have

of soda Later,

and water

and leaving thoroughly

the meat

is rinsed

to get rid

of the soda

A CHICKEN of this, to boiling but apparently to scald off if you a dead add a teaspoon chicken of

no experience of soda game,

bicarbonate feathered REMOVING The water odour with

water will

or other

the feathers A HIGH

come

more

easily.

SMELL of wild of soda. game can be tamed by washing the bird in

and intensity bicarbonate MEAT. crisping . .

CRISPING . . . or rather, This is not

the fat on pork I can recommend you

chops

or chicken I dont

cooked eat pork

in the skin. fat or

something but

because

chicken of soda COOKING When soda

skin, into

apparently before

can crisp

the fat by rubbing

bicarbonate

the skin RHUBARB

cooking.

simmering to neutralize the batch.

or boiling the acid. The

fresh It will

rhubarb, decrease

add a teaspoon the amount will

of bicarbonate required slightly.

of to

of sugar change

sweeten

appearance SAVOURY

of the rhubarb RECIPES

As well

as having of soda

obvious brings Many

properties a lightness different adapted

in the leavening to batters styles

of cakes foods,

and bread especially the world

bicarbonate in vegetarian

and fried

recipes. below

of cuisine

throughout

are represented TEMPURA Tempura Aubergine Courgette Chicken DIPPING Batter

in some

recipes.

Tempura Tempura Tempura SAUCES Sauce Sauce

Sweet-and-sour Oriental TEMPURA One of the most Dipping

popular

ways a classic

of using Japanese didnt

baking method

powder

seems frying

to be as an seafood it was versions over are eating.

ingredient

in tempura, The

of deep

and vegetables. introduced of tempura which prepared The main

Japanese

invent

the process,

however: Some

by Portuguese use eggs, but

missionaries the versions All manner into

in the 16th below dont.

century. Opinion fish

is divided

is more this

traditional. way

of seafood, sauce

and vegetables salted before

and are dipped between like

or lightly batters

difference batter is not

tempura

and other

is the texture. batter is

Tempura beaten Iced batter it starts There coating. encase The

pancake but

batter still

in texture. has lumps

Normal

until water until

very

smooth, used,

tempura slows

in it when of expansion put slows water this

cooked. of the with flour

is always it reaches

which oil.

down

the rate when you

the hot

Normally, but

to expand should The

straight spots

away,

the temperature which will

process. crisp is to in oil. it

be dry tempura

in the batter, need

give

a light, idea

doesnt

to go brown. is crispy food into

The but

whole not

the food

in a light is to lower

batter

which

saturated oil so that

technique stick

the battered of the pan.

the hot

doesnt

to the bottom

Tempura The most

is served popular mushrooms, aubergines as well,

as part seem

of a meal

or as a snack. with tofu shrimp, or firm prawn, vegetables but squid like there with or other green fish, (bell)

to be filled potato,

shiitake peppers, versions maraschino

sweet

(eggplants), whereby you

courgettes can have

(zucchini), tempura

are sweet bananas or

ice cream

cherries. TEMPURA BATTER

You

will

need: plain (all-purpose) white flour

80 g (3 oz) 125 g (4oz) baking

cornflour powder ground chilled

(cornstarch)

2 tbsp Salt 270 Method:

and freshly ml (9 fl oz)

black water

pepper

Put the flours, chilled water

baking but dont

powder, overmix. AUBERGINE

salt

and pepper

into

a large

bowl.

Add

the

Lumps

are fine. TEMPURA

You

will

need: of basic tempura batter

Quantity

2 aubergines Salt Vegetable Method: 1. Wash layers plate oil

(eggplants)

for

deep

frying

the aubergines

then

cut in slices each layer

about with

1 cm ( in) a little salt.

thick. Cover

Place with a

in

in a colander, and leave for

sprinkling 15 minutes. of tempura, slices dip into

2. Prepare 3. Rinse with

a quantity the aubergine flour then

as above. cold running water and dry well. Coat

under

a little

the batter.

4. Heat slices fry

the deep

fryer, sure

or oil that

in a pan or wok do not only, stick until with

to 190C to the bottom crispy but

(375F).

Lower

the Deep Drain

in, making for

they

of the pan. browned. of your

in batches,

1 to 2 minutes Serve immediately

not

on kitchen

paper.

a dipping

sauce

choice.

COURGETTE

TEMPURA

You

will

need: (zucchini) batter frying

4 courgettes Quantity Vegetable Method: 1. Wash in) long.

of tempura oil for

deep

the courgettes Dry well

and cut into towels.

batons

1 cm ( in)

thick

and 5 cm (2

on kitchen

2. Prepare 3. Dust batter. 4. Heat

a quantity

of tempura batons with

batter, a little

as above. cornflour to coat, then dip into the

the courgette

the deep

fryer,

wok

or pan of oil stick but

to 190C

(375F). or each

Gently other.

lower Remove

the batons with away. OTHER PEPPERS Prepare slicing pieces. ONIONS Use each large half

in so that spoon

they when

do not crisp,

to the bottom, before they

a slotted

brown.

Serve

straight

VEGETABLE

SUGGESTIONS

FOR

TEMPURA

red or green through from

(bell) top

peppers to bottom.

by washing, Divide each

removing half into

the seeds two

and

or three

onions. into

Remove

outer slices the top

skin,

cut in half each

from slice

top with

to bottom. a cocktail

Slice stick

1 cm ( in) from

and secure of the arc.

(toothpick) TOFU Slice

inserted

to 2 cm (1 in)

thick,

then

slice

into

sticks.

MUSHROOMS

Use

whole,

or if very

fat,

slice

through

the centre. TEMPURA

CHICKEN

This

chicken (on

in batter page 82). Serves

may

appeal

if you

dont

like

the spicy,

Indian

pakora

version You will

need:

4 to 6 batter (see page 74)

Quantity Vegetable 4 chicken Method: 1. Prepare 2. Dust batter. 3. Preheat saucepan. brown. DIPPING

of basic oil for

tempura deep

frying thin strips

breasts,

cut into

a quantity

of tempura gougons

batter,

as above. extra cornflour then dip into the

the chicken

in a little

a deep Fry

fryer

to 190C

(375F), for

or prepare

oil

in a large until golden

the chicken on kitchen

in batches paper

2 to 3 minutes, immediately.

Drain

and serve

SAUCES SWEET-AND-SOUR SAUCE

You 120

will ml

need: (4 fl oz) cornflour (3 fl oz) (3 fl oz) (bell) honey (cornstarch) red wine chicken pepper, vinegar stock finely chopped

1 tbsp 80 ml 80 ml 1 green 1 tbsp

soy sauce powder ginger

tsp garlic tsp ground Method: In a saucepan, stock

combine

honey

and cornflour. Simmer for

Stir a few

in the vinegar, minutes. Serve

chicken hot or

and the other

ingredients.

cold. ORIENTAL DIPPING SAUCE

You 120

will ml

need: (4 fl oz) honey butter

60 g (2 oz) 1 tbsp 1 garlic

peanut

soy sauce clove, crushed chopped coriander

1 tsp freshly Method: Place

all the ingredients OTHER

in a bowl

and mix

well. RECIPES

SAVOURY

Potato Egyptian Chestnut Batter Falafel Tomato, Basic Chicken Potato, Indian

Gnocchi Bean Fritters for Fish Cakes

Basil Pakoras

and Cheese

Skewers

Pakoras Onion Chickpea Fritters Saltfish Cakes and Spinach Dumplings Pakoras

Vegetable Caribbean

Onion Tofu

Bhajis and Potato Pasties POTATO GNOCCHI

A recipe you You 675 150 might will

for

using

up leftover

mashed a little.

potato.

This

recipe

serves

six,

so

need need: lb)

to scale

it down

g (1

potatoes, wholemeal powder oil pepper

peeled

and cut into flour

chunks

g (5 oz)

(whole-wheat)

tsp baking 1 tbsp Salt Method: 1. Boil 2. Drain mix well olive

and black

the potatoes well

in a pan of water until smooth. extra balls.

for Add flour

about

20 minutes,

until ingredients

soft. and

and mash a dough,

the remaining if sticky. them with

to form small

using into

3. Take

pieces

and roll ridges.

Flatten

a fork

and use

the prongs 4. Add

to make

Fold

these

in half

with water larger choice.

the ridges and cook versions

outside. until will they take float a bit

the gnocchi This will

to a large be about with

pan of salted 2 minutes, a sauce but

to the top. longer.

Drain

and serve

of your BEAN

EGYPTIAN

CAKES

Broad this

beans

are a member need a glut to soak

of the pea family. them overnight. The

If you This

use dried

beans for

for

recipe

you with

is a good and, while after

recipe

gardeners skinning sunbathing. You 400 will

of broad done

beans.

shelling activity

cooking, or

the

of them

is best

as a social

chatting

need: oz)

Serves shelled leaves

4 to 6 broad (fava) beans

g (14 fresh

4 tbsp

dill

(2 tbsp

dried)

4 tbsp 4 tbsp

chopped parsley

coriander

2 onions, 10 garlic

chopped cloves cumin pepper of soda

1 tsp ground tsp cayenne

1 tsp bicarbonate Salt 2 tbsp sesame oil

seeds for frying

Vegetable Method: 1. Drain place soda

the pre-soaked processor

beans,

if they with

were

dried.

Remove spices

the skins, and bicarbonate

then of

in a food and process

together paste. bowl

the herbs,

to a rough mixing

2. Transfer leave

to a large for half

and knead

for

a few

minutes.

Cover

and

to stand small

an hour. of the mixture with frying Dont sesame pan. and shape seeds. When hot, fry the cakes Drain for a few into cakes about 5 cm (2

3. Scoop in) across.

amounts

Sprinkle oil into

one side a large brown. or cold.

4. Put some minutes paper until

golden hot

overcrowd

the pan.

on kitchen

and serve

CHESTNUT

FRITTERS

These equally some small

can be served good dressing. baking Turn need: oz) tin for party

to accompany snacks of frying the meat through.

roast

turkey with cook

for

Christmas, herb

but salad

are and

or as a starter you could

a green them will

Instead tray while

in the oven take about

on a 15 to 20

is cooking.

They

minutes. You 400 will

halfway

g (14

pured

cooked

chestnuts flour

50 g (2 oz) tsp baking 3 or 4 bacon Method:

plain

(all-purpose)

powder rashers, chopped

1. Mix 2. Form food, 3. Fry

all the ingredients into balls larger

together them

until

well

blended. Make may small need Serve balls for your party hands.

and flatten ones for each

slightly. You

or eight for

a starter. side, until

to flour hot.

a few

minutes

golden. FISH

BATTER

FOR

You

will

need: plain (all-purpose) (cornstarch) of soda flour

80 g (3 oz) 2 tbsp

cornflour

tsp bicarbonate tsp baking tsp salt 80 ml Method: 1. Sift 2. Add 3. Place 4. Deep the dry (3 fl oz)

powder

water

ingredients and mix dish

together. well. the fish brown. FALAFEL completely.

the water in a flat fry until

and coat golden

a nice

This

recipe

uses the bicarbonate section. Makes dried, dried It needs about peeled chickpeas of soda

of soda overnight 16

to reduce soaking

flatulence, to be effective.

as described

in a previous You 200 110 will need:

g (7 oz) g (4 oz)

and split

broad

(fava)

beans

1 tsp bicarbonate 4 garlic 1 onion, 1 small 3 tbsp cloves roughly leek, fresh,

chopped

sliced chopped coriander

tsp bicarbonate 1 tsp ground cumin

of soda

1 tsp ground Pinch Salt Method: 1. Soak in half 2. Skin 3. Place Allow

allspice pepper ground black pepper

of cayenne and freshly

the broad

beans

and chickpeas of soda into

in separate each bowl. both

bowls

overnight,

stirring

of the bicarbonate the chickpeas, in a blender mix

and drain with other

and rinse ingredients

pulses

in cold

water. paste.

to produce

a smooth

this

to rest for with

30 minutes. your hands into round cakes of 5 to 6 cm (2 in)

4. Shape across 5. Heat golden serve

the mixture

and 2 cm ( in) some brown hot vegetable on both with

thick. oil sides. pitta BASIL in a large Drain bread pan and when layers hot fry the falafel paper until and

on several and tomatoes AND

of kitchen

or cold, TOMATO,

or pickled

cucumbers.

CHEESE

SKEWERS

These

little

cheesy with will

tomato

skewers

use mozzarella, as goats starter they only

although or even

you

could

experiment cheese. snack. You They Once will

other make

varieties,

such

cheese or another take

a harder party

an interesting is done,

unusual

the preparation Serves 4 halved

minutes

to cook.

need:

12 cherry 12 large

tomatoes, basil leaves cheeses oil for

2 mozzarella Vegetable For 110 110 the

frying

batter: rice plain flour (all-purpose) of soda water (maximum) flour

g (4 oz) g (4 oz)

2 heaped 150 Method: 1. Pick ml

tsp bicarbonate (5 fl oz) soda

the largest skewer

basil

leaves.

Push

one end of a leaf Ideally,

(close later

to the end) you will push

on

to a small

or cocktail

stick

(toothpick).

the other 2. Push so that side leaf cook. 3. Sift 100 more ml

end of the leaf half a tomato

on to the stick. followed half push by a small tomato piece of cheese the flesh

on to the stick, Push

it touches

the tomato. touches

another then

on so that

of the tomato on to the stick.

the cheese, into

the other until you

end of the basil are ready to

Put these

the refrigerator

the rice (3

flour,

plain

flour

and bicarbonate and whisk a smooth If you

of soda thoroughly. batter. put

into

a bowl. a little

Add

fl oz)

of the soda water until

water you

Add

of the soda the oil

have

4. Heat (toothpick) even spoon

in a large

saucepan sizzle. Give

or pot.

a cocktail

stick a good

in, it should of batter

the cheese into should

and tomato with

sticks

coating for

and drop to a minute. enough

straight This

the oil

tongs enough as they

or a slotted to crispen are, or

45 seconds but not long

be long Serve

the batter with a dip

to melt

the cheese.

or salad. BASIC PAKORAS

I love easy

cooking to produce to give chicken need:

Asian

food

and once dishes

you

have you

assembled want. coating, This

all the spices batter I have recipe

it is can

authentic any meat

whenever

be used one for You 200 will

or vegetables

a spicy

but

included

below. Serves chickpea 4 to 6 flour

g (7 oz)

tsp salt 1 tsp bicarbonate tsp chilli 1 tsp ground 1 tsp garam Approx. 300 powder coriander masala ml (10 (mix fl oz) of spices water PAKORAS for curry) of soda

CHICKEN

You 450

will

need: boneless chicken breast

g (1 lb)

1 tbsp

lemon

juice garlic grated chopped

1 tsp crushed 1 tsp fresh green

ginger,

chilli,

finely turmeric cumin

tsp ground 1 tsp ground tsp salt 1 tsp ground Oil for deep freshly POTATO,

coriander frying chopped coriander for AND garnish SPINACH PAKORAS

2 tbsp

ONION

You you You 175

can use the basic wont will need need: grated

recipe

but it for

substitute 2 hours.

the following

for

chicken

and

to marinade

g (6 oz) finely

potato onion chopped chopped spinach

1 large, 110

chopped washed, finely

g (4 oz)

2 green Method: Preparing

chillies,

the

batter for the batter into a large bowl and make thick a well in

Put the dry the centre. aside for

ingredients Gradually

add the water

to make

a smooth,

batter.

Leave

about recipe

20 minutes.

Chicken If you

are using absorbs this

chicken plenty

it should

be marinated from

for

at least

2 hours should

so that

the meat complete 1. Cut lemon

of the flavour before bite-sized making

the spices,

so you

preparation into

the batter. Place in a bowl and rub with the

the chicken juice. mixing

pieces.

2. In a small turmeric, well.

bowl,

mix

the garlic, Pour

ginger, over

green

chillies,

salt, to coat

cumin

and ground for

coriander. at least

the chicken

pieces

Cover the

and set aside battered

2 hours.

Cooking

food

1. When 2. Dip using then crisp

ready a few

to cook, pieces

heat

the oil into into

to 180C the batter the hot for

(350F). to thoroughly oil. Fry for coat, a few then,

of chicken drop them

tongs, turn

carefully over

minutes, until

them

and continue

to fry

a further

5 to 8 minutes

and golden. with a slotted spoon and drain hot on kitchen or cold, paper. Repeat with fresh with

3. Remove the remaining coriander.

chicken

pieces.

Serve

garnished

INDIAN

CHICKPEA

DUMPLINGS

You 100

will

need: chickpea of salt of soda natural (plain) yogurt flour

g (4 oz) pinch

Large

tsp bicarbonate 125 Method: 1. Sift 2. Add Beat for together ml (4 fl oz)

the flour, and mix

salt

and bicarbonate a wooden light

of soda. spoon to make a thick paste.

the yogurt about

with until

5 minutes, into

and airy. oil and fry until golden brown. Drain

3. Drop on kitchen

spoonfuls paper.

a pan of hot

4. To serve, before serving.

add to a simmering

soup

or vegetable

dish

about

10 minutes

VEGETABLE

FRITTERS

You 250

will

need:

Serves chickpea

4 flour (self-rising) flour

g (9 oz)

50 g (2 oz) 3 tbsp

self-raising

cornflour

(cornstarch)

1 tsp baking 1 large 1 large potato, carrot,

powder peeled grated and grated

1 large

onion,

finely

chopped (optional)

tsp chilli tsp ground tsp ground tsp ground 1 tbsp 1 tbsp Approx. Oil for oil lemon 240 frying

powder cumin

coriander turmeric

juice ml (8 fl oz) water

Method: 1. Sift 2. Add plus the three flours and baking spices, powder juice batter. into a large bowl. mixture, 5 minutes. of the will

the vegetables, water oil

lemon

and oil Leave

to the flour for

enough some into

to make in a large and fry

a thick frying on both

to stand Drop

3. Heat batter probably hot.

pan or fryer. sides until

tablespoons brown. These

the oil need

golden

to be done

in batches.

Drain

on absorbent

paper

and serve

CARIBBEAN

SALTFISH

CAKES

These salted You 225 225

fish fish will

cakes you need:

are called need to soak 24

Stamp

and Go;

I dont for

know

why.

When

using

it in advance

2 to 4 hours.

Makes salt plain powder fish

g (8 oz) g (8 oz)

(all-purpose)

flour

2 tsp baking tsp salt Freshly 1 egg, 60 ml 1 onion, 1 garlic 1 fresh Vegetable Method:

ground lightly (2 fl oz) finely clove, chilli oil

black beaten milk chopped crushed pepper, for

pepper

deseeded frying

and finely

chopped

shallow

1. Drain fresh

the pre-soaked and bring

fish,

rinse

and place Reduce

in a saucepan. cover

Cover

with for 10

water

to the boil.

the heat,

and simmer

minutes, 2. Drain remove 3. Sift

or until the fish skin

cooked. again, but this time reserve the liquid. Set aside. into a large (2 fl oz) at a time mixing of the to make a bowl. Allow to cool, then

and bones baking

and flake powder

the flesh. and salt milk

the flour,

together

4. In another reserved thick liquid,

bowl, then

combine stir into

the egg, the flour

and 60 ml a little

mixture

batter. the flaked the oil fish, onion and pepper (350F) mixture and mix frying oil, well. pan then a few drop and fry hot

5. Add

6. Preheat tablespoonfuls for

to 180C

in a large into the hot Drain

of the fish until

at a time,

2 to 3 minutes

golden

brown.

on paper

towels

and serve

or cold. ONION BHAJIS

If you You 110

dont will

like

your Makes

bhajis

too

hot,

leave

out

the fresh

chilli.

need:

10 to 12 flour

g (4 oz)

chickpea powder

tsp chilli

tsp turmeric tsp baking tsp ground 1 large 1 green onion, chilli, powder cumin thinly sliced and finely fresh chopped coriander

deseeded finely

25 g (1 oz) Salt Cold water

chopped

to mix oil for deep frying

Vegetable Method: 1. Sift large using)

the flour, mixing bowl.

chilli, Add

turmeric,

cumin,

baking

powder onions

and salt and chillies

into (if

the chopped

coriander,

and mix

well. enough water to the flour mixture to form a thick

2. Gradually

add just

batter.

Mix

well a deep

so that

the onions or wok into

are well to 180C the hot

coated. (350F). oil and fry Using until a slotted brown and spoon,

3. Preheat drop crispy. 4. Keep

fat fryer

spoonfuls Do not

of the mixture overcrowd while you

the pan. cook AND the remaining POTATO bhajis. Drain and serve hot.

warm

TOFU

PASTIES

These You 275 175

are good will need oz)

for for

packed the

lunches

or picnics. 4 to 6

pastry: potato

Serves

g (10

mashed plain

g (6 oz)

(all-purpose)

flour

1 egg 25 g (1 oz) tsp baking Salt Milk You 150 will and freshly for mixing need for tofu, oil powder ground black pepper

and glazing the filling:

g (5 oz)

mashed

2 carrots, 1 onion, 110

grated finely chopped spring cabbage, shredded

g (4 oz) clove, olive

1 garlic 1 tbsp

crushed

oil ginger, grated

1 tsp fresh tsp ground tsp black tsp chilli Salt Method:

coriander mustard powder seeds

and pepper

1. Put the potato, 2. Sift a little 3. For a minute the flour milk. Use

oil,

salt

and pepper powder

into into

a bowl the bowl

and mix. and mix with the egg and

and baking just heat enough

to make

a firm

dough. and ginger. powder. After Brown

the filling,

the oil

in a pan and add the garlic seeds, coriander and chilli

add the onion,

mustard

the onions or 4 minutes, 4. Preheat sheet. 5. Divide circles leaving make

and then until the oven

add the carrot, vegetables to 200C

cabbage, turning

tofu soft.

and seasoning.

Cook

for

are just (400F,

gas mark

6) and grease

a baking

the dough

into board.

four

or six

pieces

and roll mixture and pinch

out

to 17 cm (7 in) the pasties, together to

on a floured the edges a raised

Divide Brush with with

the tofu water

between

clean.

the edges

ridge.

Glaze sheet

milk. for 20 minutes, or until brown.

6. Place Serve hot

on the baking or cold.

and cook

DELIGHTFUL

DESSERTS

These used fritters Lemon

recipes to leaven

fall

into

two

categories:

where

the bicarbonate used to lighten

of soda batters for

is

cake-like

desserts

and is also

and pancakes. Dumplings Ginger And Fruit Pudding

Upside-Down Hoppers Chocolate Sticky Dried Banana Cherry Poor

Banana

Custard

Cake Pudding

Toffee Fruit

Christmas Pudding

Fritters Cobbler

Man's

Pudding Pancakes

Hazelnut Milk Jam

LEMON

DUMPLINGS

You 110

will

need:

Serves plain powder butter

4 flour

g (4 oz)

(all-purpose)

2 tsp baking 1 tbsp 1 egg Pinch Milk You 110 will ml of salt for melted

mixing need (3 for fl oz) the sauce: water

boiled

1 tbsp 175

butter sugar syrup zest of a lemon

g (6 oz) golden

1 tbsp Juice Method: 1. Sift 2. Add milk. 3. Form

and grated

the flour, melted

baking butter

powder

and salt beaten

together. egg to form a dough with a little

and lightly

into

marble-sized the sauce

balls. in a large and simmer saucepan for about and bring to the boil.

4. Combine 5. Drop 6. Serve

ingredients in. Cover

the dumplings hot.

20 minutes.

UPSIDE-DOWN

GINGER

AND

FRUIT

PUDDING

This

can be made When cream

ahead you

and stored

in an airtight warm

container

for

the flavours with

to mature. custard, for You

want

to eat it just You

through substitute

and serve pears

or crme

fraiche.

could

or pineapple

the apple. will need for soft brown lemon apples, need for the base/topping: Serves 6

60 g (2 oz) 80 g (3 oz) 1 tbsp fresh

margarine sugar juice peeled, the sticky cored and sliced

2 cooking You will

gingerbread:

450 225 175 175 175

g (1 lb) g (8 oz) g (6 oz) g (6 oz) g (6 oz)

plain dark black golden

(all-purpose) brown treacle syrup sugar

flour

(molasses)

margarine of soda

tsp bicarbonate 2 tsp baking 3 tsp ground tsp cinnamon 1 egg 225 Method: 1. Preheat baking tin, the oven approx. ml (8 fl oz) powder ginger

warm

milk

to 170C

(325F,

gas mark

3). Grease

and line

30 20 5 cm (12 and sugar over

8 2 in). with the lemon Arrange juice for the fruit

2. Cream base.

the margarine this evenly

together

Spread

the base of the tin.

the sliced

on top. 3. Sift together the flour, into bicarbonate bowl. warm the sugar, syrup, treacle and margarine. into the flour mix. of soda, baking powder, cinnamon and ginger

a large

4. In a saucepan 5. Add Beat the lightly

gently beaten with over

egg to the milk the syrup

and pour

these Mix

and combine the batter Leave sets.

in the saucepan. in the prepared in the tin turn out for tin

thoroughly. for 1 hour, so that the or

6. Pour until

the fruit to cool

and bake

firm.

the cake

about

30 minutes, and remove

the fruit paper.

Once

completely

cool,

of the tin

HOPPERS

These

wafer-thin,

cup-shaped food. need cook

pancakes They need well

come plenty

from

Sri

Lanka,

where time

they to soak a

are a popular and ferment, lid

breakfast so you

of preparation You also need

to plan properly.

ahead. They

a pan with

to let the hoppers and soft desserts. Serves

should

be crisp with

on the outside curries as well as

and spongy fruity, You sweet will

in the centre,

and can be eaten

need:

4 to 6

360 150 225

ml

(12

fl oz) plain long

water (all-purpose) grain rice flour

g (5 oz) g (8 oz) sugar (16 of salt

2 tbsp 480 Pinch ml

fl oz)

coconut

milk

tsp bicarbonate Method: 1. Soak 2. Drain, water. the rice then

of soda

in cold

water

overnight. processor together with the (measured)

transfer to a paste.

to a food

Blend

3. Transfer very thick

to a large batter. Leave

mixing

bowl.

Add place

the sugar for

and flour

and mix

to a

in a warm of soda milk.

8 hours. mix well then

4. Add gradually 5. Lightly

the bicarbonate add the coconut oil

and salt Mix

to the batter, but not too

well, over

vigorously. heat. Pour in a ladle

a pan or wok and quickly

and place until about

a moderate

of the batter 6. Cover edge. Loosen batter. Try

swirl for

the pan is coated. 5 minutes or until is ready Repeat with there is a golden collapse.

the pan and leave not to open the lid

until

the hopper out.

as it may

the edges

and slide

the hopper

the remaining

CHOCOLATE

BANANA

CUSTARD

CAKE

This

is more

of a banana cake, over?

custard

trifle,

really.

It would cake.

be the ideal Does anyone

way ever

to

use up a broken have You 275 cake will left need: oz)

or to use up half

a leftover

g (10

self-raising of soda vegetable

(self-rising)

flour

1 tsp bicarbonate 250 225 150 150 570 110 ml (8 fl oz)

oil sugar

g (8 oz) ml ml ml

caster

(superfine) juice

(5 fl oz) (5 fl oz)

orange water

(1 pt) ready-made plain

custard,

cooled

g (4 oz)

(semisweet)

chocolate

1 to 2 tbsp

milk

2 to 3 bananas Method: 1. Preheat (8 in) 2. Sift sugar. 3. In another 4. Combine batter. 5. Pour cakes wire into the prepared to shrink away cake from tins and bake for about 30 minutes, Turn out until the bowl, the wet mix together the oil, orange and mix juice well and water. to a smooth, wet the oven tins, to 170C (325F, gas mark baking into 3). Grease tin. a large bowl and add the a pair of 20 cm

sandwich the flour

or one rectangular of soda

and bicarbonate

and dry

ingredients

start rack.

the sides

of the tins.

to cool

on a

6. To make over

the chocolate water.

sauce

melt

the chocolate

with

the milk

in a bowl

a pan of warm

7. To assemble, custard, and finally then serve. STICKY

crumble

the cake into

into slices.

a large Layer

dish. these

Add

the cooled

down

and cut the bananas pour the chocolate

on top Chill for

of the custard 2 to 3 hours

sauce

over

to finish.

TOFFEE

CHRISTMAS

PUDDING

Definitely and kept You 175 150 200 110 will

a special cool. need:

occasion

pudding.

It can be made

a day

or two

ahead

g (6 oz) g (5 oz) g (7 oz) g (4 oz)

self-raising sugar dates, walnut stoned

(self-rising)

flour

and chopped

pieces

1 carrot, 1 dessert 2 tbsp 4 tbsp 110

peeled apple,

and grated peeled, syrup cored and grated

golden brandy

g (4 oz) beaten

butter

or margarine

2 eggs,

1 tsp bicarbonate

of soda

You 175

will

need

for sugar walnut butter

the

walnut

toffee

sauce:

g (6 oz)

25 g (1 oz) 110 g (4 oz) double

pieces

6 tbsp Method: 1. Preheat

(heavy)

cream

the oven (3 pint)

to 170C pudding

(325F, basin into

gas mark with

3). Grease paper. until

and line

the base

of a 1.5 litre

greaseproof bowl and beat

2. Put the butter Add soda. 3. Tip To the eggs, Stir into

and sugar

a large

light

and fluffy. of

one at a time, apple, basin

and then nuts,

sift

in the flour and brandy.

and bicarbonate

in the carrot, the pudding the sauce: into

syrup for

and bake

about

70 to 80 minutes.

make

1. Tip bubbling

the sugar

a frying Swirl to lift

pan and put in the walnuts

over and,

a medium when

heat.

Cook

until

and golden. spoon

completely lined with

coated, greaseproof

use a slotted paper

them

out.

Place

on a tray

and leave

the praline

to harden. and cream together to the caramel a toffee residue sauce. in the pan,

2. Carefully return To

add the butter and stir

to the heat

to make

serve: the praline with into shards. Turn Serve FRUIT out the pudding, spoon over some sauce

Break

and decorate

the praline. DRIED

with

the remaining PUDDING

sauce.

This

recipe

reminds used

me of the steamed to make, mums before stayed mother! this

puddings

my

mother

and and instant what my Im not a

grandmother desserts daughter proper seeing re-use. You 175 will

the days at home All

of microwaves being

and when calls mother.

and baked,

a proper Ive

I can say is thank to add interest. on the line after

goodness I vividly being

included

recipe cloths

remember washed for

the tea towels Fun, eh?

or pudding

need: self-raising (self-rising) flour

g (6 oz)

175 175

g (6 oz) g (6 oz)

brown melted

breadcrumbs margarine

1 tsp bicarbonate 2 tsp ground 1 tsp ground 110 175 110 g (4 oz) g (6 oz) g (4 oz) golden (12

of soda

cinnamon ginger currants sultanas soft dark brown sugar

2 tbsp 360 Method: 1. Place 2. Place form ml

syrup fl oz) milk

a clean

cotton

tea towel

in hot

water

to soak. bowl, and beat together to

all the ingredients soft consistency. plate about out place string,

in a large

mixing

a fairly

3. Place enough

a heatproof water to fill wring then

in the bottom a third

of a large Bring

saucepan

and add

of the pan.

to the boil. on a surface. Gather Dredge

4. Meanwhile, well with flour

the tea towel the mixture leaving

and spread in the centre.

up the sides for the pudding

loosely

and tie with

enough

air in the parcel

to expand. 5. Very simmer boiling 6. Drain and put carefully, for dry. well and untie the cloth. Serve Ease very the pudding hot. FRITTERS away from the cloth lower the pudding You will into need the pan. Reduce the heat to stop and it

2 to 3 hours.

to top

up the water

on to a large

plate.

BANANA

You

will

need: plain (all-purpose) flour

50 g (2 oz) tsp salt 1 egg 110 ml

(4 fl oz)

milk

tsp baking 2 large Lime

powder

bananas or lemon juice

Vegetable Sugar Method: 1. Sift well stir for

oil

for

deep

frying

tossing

the flour,

baking

powder

and salt

into

a large half

mixing the milk

bowl.

Make

in the centre to mix.

and break adding

the egg into the milk until

it. Add

and gently

Continue to combine

a little

at a time

and stirring and the batter cover the bowl is

constantly smooth with

the flour, Continue

all the milk for

is added then

and lump

free.

to beat

5 minutes

a plate. and cut the bananas Coat thoroughly to 180C with at a diagonal batter. in a pan or wok golden brown. Drain and fry the coated paper banana and angle into 6 mm ( in) thick

2. Peel pieces. 3. Heat pieces sprinkle

the oil for

(350F) until

1 to 2 minutes lemon juice

on kitchen

with

and sugar. CHERRY COBBLER

This

is an ideal if you work

dessert can stop well too.

to make the birds Instead

if you getting of using

have them

a glut first.

of cherries. Tinned with

That

is, of

course, cherries

or preserved the cornflour

boiling first.

water

use the juice You 450 225 will need

from for fresh

the can or jar, the fruit:

warmed 6

Serves

g (1 lb) g (8 oz)

cherries

sugar (cornstarch) boiling the water cobbler: flour

1 tbsp 225 You 125 ml will

cornflour (8 fl oz) need for plain

g (5 oz)

(all-purpose)

1 tsp baking 110 Pinch 3 tbsp 110 Method: 1. Preheat ml g (4 oz) of salt melted

powder sugar

butter milk

(4 fl oz)

the oven

to 180C

(350F,

gas mark

4) and place

cherries

in the

bottom

of a 22 cm (9 in) bowl, water. mix Mix

square together well.

baking

tin. and cornflour mixture then over gradually the stir

2. In a small in the boiling cherries. 3. Sift together

the sugar Pour

the cornflour

the flour butter, salt

and baking and milk

powder and mix

into

a large

mixing

bowl

then the

add the sugar, dough 4. Bake over for

to a stiff

dough.

Spread

the cherries. 45 minutes and serve POOR hot. PUDDING

MAN'S

I dont exactly try. You will

know

why

this

Canadian

recipe The

has this method

name.

It doesnt unusual,

seem but fun to

to skimp

on ingredients.

is slightly

need: beaten

Serves

1 egg, 110 110

g (4 oz) g (4 oz) softened

sugar plain (all-purpose) flour

3 tbsp

butter powder

1 tsp baking Pinch 80 ml You will of salt (3 fl oz) need

milk the sauce: nuts

for

50 g (2 oz) 225 ml

chopped water

(8 fl oz)

2 tsp softened 400 Method: 1. Preheat 2. Place it simmer g (14 oz)

butter brown sugar

the oven all the sauce for

to 180C

(350F, into

gas mark a saucepan,

4). bring to the boil and let

ingredients

8 to 10 minutes. cream then the butter and sugar and beat powder in a large again. and fold into the batter, mixing bowl. Add the egg,

3. Meanwhile, beating 4. Sift well well,

add the milk salt and baking blended.

the flour,

until

thoroughly

5. Pour over

the batter

into

an ovenproof

dish

or loaf

tin

then

pour

the hot

sauce

the top for

of the batter. 40 minutes until cooked and serve PANCAKES hot.

6. Bake

HAZELNUT

You

will

need:

Serves

2 eggs 270 ml (9 fl oz) runny milk

3 tbsp

honey chopped plain hazelnuts flour

80 g (3 oz) 80 g (3 oz) 1 tsp baking 1 tsp ground Pinch of salt

(all-purpose)

powder cinnamon

Vegetable Method: 1. In a large hazelnuts to form 2. Heat

oil

for

frying

mixing

bowl,

beat

together baking

the eggs,

milk

and honey. and salt.

Add Beat

the well

and the sifted a smooth, enough oil

flour,

powder,

cinnamon

lump-free to coat

batter. a frying pan. with Pour in a little layer. Fry of the batter, over a moderate knife, turn tilting

the pan to cover heat, shaking

the base evenly

a thin

the pan gently over and cook cover

so it doesn't the other and keep side

stick. until

Using golden. you

a palette

the pancakes 3. Remove pancakes. 4. To serve, bananas,

to a plate,

warm

while

cook

the rest of the

fold

the pancakes cream

into

four

and garnish

with

freshly

sliced

honey,

or ice cream. MILK JAM

This made filling.

recipe without

from

South

America

is best

described

as a reduced toast

custard, or as a cake on

eggs.

It can be used enough from

to spread it, you

on biscuits, might need

If you

are brave milk

to try saucepans

the tips section!

removing

burnt-on

in the cleaning

You

will

need: (2 oz) pints) sugar extract of soda milk

1.5 litres 400 g (14

1 tbsp

vanilla

1 tsp bicarbonate Method: 1. Place point,

all the ingredients all the time. to simmer paste for

in a large

saucepan

and bring

to simmering

stirring

2. Continue brownish

about Cool

2 hours, in a bowl.

stirring

often,

until

a thick

is obtained. BISCUITS,

CAKES

AND

COOKIES

I suppose and baking bready You

this

is the area I always The cakes than

associate

with

using

bicarbonate tend

of soda

powder. variety,

and biscuits sponge option

produced cakes, but

to be of the are great. content and

rather cakes

light

the flavours the sugar flour

can make oatmeal

a healthier

by reducing

by using flour. The

and/or below

wholemeal come from

(whole-wheat) a range

in place traditions. for

of white Using in

recipes

of cultural

bicarbonate ingredients School Oatmeal Ginger Chocolate Chocolate, Courgette Date

of soda

and baking

powder various

in cooking diets

allows

variation

and accommodates Oat Cookies

and regimes.

Dinner Cookies Biscuits

and Raisin Walnut Cake Cake

Cookies Brownies

and Date

and Ginger Sponge Cake

Chocolate Muesli

Cake

(Eggless)

(Eggless)

Dorset Butter Carrot Banana Parkin Barm

Apple Rice Cake Cake

Cake Cake

(Eggless)

Brack

Gingerbread Yogurt Cake

Yaourtopita Chocolate Banana Chocolate Cherry Cider Nut Malt Cake

Slices Fudge Cake Sponge

and Almond Cake Pound Sweet

Blueberry Tahitian

Cake Bread

SCHOOL

DINNER

OAT

COOKIES

This

recipe

takes

me back baked brilliant! Makes porridge butter caster plain 20

to my

first

teaching jelly

job,

when

the school You

cook must

provided try You 125 125 125 125 these, will

freshly theyre need: oz) oz) oz) oz)

biscuits

to go with

or blancmange.

g (4 g (4 g (4 g (4

oats or margarine (superfine) sugar flour

(all-purpose)

 tsp bicarbonate 1 tsp baking 35 g (1 Method: 1. Cream 2. Add 3. Mix together the oats with oz)

of soda powder

golden

syrup

the margarine and remaining syrup. balls

and sugar. dry ingredients.

golden into small

4. Portion spread. 5. Bake minutes.

and place

on greased

tins,

allowing

room

to

in a moderate

oven

180C

(350F,

gas mark

4) for

15 to 20

OATMEAL

COOKIES

You 225 225

will

need:

Makes butter brown

30 or margarine sugar dry milk powder

g (8 oz) g (8 oz)

60 g (2 oz) 1 large egg

non-fat

1 tsp vanilla 1 tbsp hot water of soda

tsp bicarbonate Pinch 225 350 Optional 100 100 200 Method: 1. Preheat 2. Cream the oven the butter of salt g (8 oz) g (12 oz) plain

(all-purpose)

flour

oatmeal

extras: g (3 g (3 oz) oz) raisins walnut pieces chips

g (7 oz)

chocolate

to 180C

(350F, with

gas mark the sugar

4). and milk powder, then add

or margarine

egg and vanilla. 3. Mix the water with baking soda and stir into the mix.

4. Fold 5. Roll flat. 6. Bake

in the salt, dough into

flour, small

oatmeal balls

and raisins,

walnuts

or chocolate baking sheet.

chips. Press

and place

on a greased

for

12 to 15 minutes,

until

golden

brown.

GINGER

BISCUITS

Syrup up. You 150 350 275 110

can get a bit

messy

and sticky,

but

this

method

saves

the washing

will

need:

Makes golden plain sugar margarine ginger

about syrup

24

g (5 oz) g (12 g (10 oz) oz)

(all-purpose)

flour

g (4 oz)

2 tsp ground

1 tsp bicarbonate 1 egg Pinch Method: 1. Preheat the oven of salt

of soda

to 180C

(350F,

gas mark

4). in the golden a moderate into syrup. heat. Beat in

2. Put a small 3. Add 4. Sift

saucepan

on to the scales and melt ginger them

and pour over

the margarine the flour, salt,

together

and bicarbonate mixture. and roll Mix into

of soda to a smooth flattened

a bowl.

the egg and stir 5. Take baking 6. Bake then teaspoons sheet for with

in the syrup of the mix room

dough. balls. Place these on a

to spread. and cool tin quite AND them on the baking sheet. They can

about

15 minutes

be stored

in an airtight

successfully. RAISIN COOKIES

CHOCOLATE

You 150

will

need: oz)

Makes

about

24

g (5

margarine light brown sugar

60 g (2 oz)

soft

1 medium 80 g (3 oz) 1 tsp mixed

egg, plain

beaten (all-purpose) or wholemeal (whole-wheat) flour

spice of soda rolled raisins chocolate chips oats

tsp bicarbonate 150 g (5 oz) oz) oz)

40 g (1 40 g (1 2 tbsp Method: 1. Preheat 2. Cream 3. Sift

water

the oven together

to 180C

(350F,

gas mark Beat

4). in the egg and water. of soda, raisins tipping any bran

the margarine spice

and sugar.

together into

the flour, the bowl

and bicarbonate stir

in the sieve 4. Add 5. Line 6. Place spread. 7. Bake for

and then and fold with in.

in the oats,

and chocolate.

the egg mixture the baking walnut-sized sheets

greaseproof of the mixture

paper. on the sheets, with room to

pieces

10 to 15 minutes,

or until

golden. AND DATE BROWNIES

CHOCOLATE,

WALNUT

This butter

is a superior, and chocolate hit with

adult

version

of a traditional were delicious You cases

recipe.

I used

85%

cocoa

and the cakes the grown-up cool, about

without

being one large

oversweet: cake and

an instant cut into You 225 will

family.

can make for

squares need:

when Makes plain

or use paper 16 chocolate 6 tbsp

individual

brownies.

g (8 oz)

(semisweet) dates with

or chocolate water

chips

80 g (3 oz) 1 tbsp baking

chopped powder

tsp bicarbonate 60 g (2 oz) 1 medium 175 soft egg,

of soda brown beaten (self-rising) flour sugar

g (6 oz)

self-raising milk pecan nuts

3 tbsp

skimmed oz)

40 g (1

or walnuts

Method: 1. Preheat 2. Melt Place soften. 3. Sift the egg, 4. Mix large the flour, milk, baking powder and bicarbonate of soda into a bowl. Add the oven to 180C over (350F, gas mark 4). Grease water a baking tin.

the chocolate the dates

a pan of simmering the water,

or in a microwave. gently until they

in a pan with

and simmer

sugar

and nuts. including a sloppy the chocolate batter. tin. Bake in the on a and the date pure in a

all the ingredients, bowl. This will

be quite into

5. Put small oven wire for tray.

spoonfuls

cases until

or on to the prepared just firm to the touch,

15 to 20 minutes,

before

cooling

COURGETTE

CAKE

This

cake

has a wonderfully of courgettes

moist (zucchini)

texture

and seems

like

a good

way

to

use up a glut You 225 will

in the summer.

need: courgettes (zucchini), grated

g (8 oz)

2 eggs 110 ml (4 fl oz) vegetable oil

Grated 110 225

zest and juice caster

of an orange sugar flour

g (4 oz) g (8 oz) oz)

(superfine)

self-raising unsweetened of soda

(self-rising) cocoa

40 g (1

tsp bicarbonate tsp baking To finish you

powder will pack juice need: extra light cream cheese

200

g (7 oz) orange icing

1 tbsp 1 tbsp Grated Method: 1. Preheat

and zest of orange sugar

(confectioners) (optional)

chocolate

the oven

to 180C

(350F,

gas mark

4). Grease

and line

an 8 cm

(3 in)

deep

loose-bottomed through

cake

tin

or loaf

tin. out any excess liquid. bowl. and

2. Put the courgettes 3. Beat 4. Sift beat the eggs with

a sieve orange

to squeeze rind, juice

the oil,

and sugar and baking

in a large powder,

in the flour,

cocoa,

bicarbonate

of soda

to combine. in the courgettes until cool, risen beat and spoon and firm the mix into the prepared tin. Bake for

5. Fold

40 minutes 6. When cover

to touch. cheese, orange and icing sugar and

together with

the cream this

the top

of the cake DATE

mixture. GINGER

Sprinkle CAKE

on the chocolate.

AND

You 225

will

need:

Makes plain

about

16 pieces flour

g (8 oz)

(all-purpose) of soda ginger chopped

1 tsp bicarbonate 1 heaped 1 heaped 1 egg 110 110 110 175 150 Method: 1. Preheat roasting tin the oven or baking g (4 oz) g (4 oz) g (4 oz) g (6 oz) ml

tsp ground tbsp finely

stem

ginger

margarine soft black brown treacle dates sugar (molasses)

chopped water

(5 fl oz)

to 190C tray. sugar,

(375F,

gas mark

5). Grease

and line

a small

2. Put the margarine, Melt together

treacle,

water

and dates

into

a large

saucepan.

and remove slightly,

the pan from stir in the sifted

the heat. flour, bicarbonate of soda and

3. When ginger. 4. Beat 5. Bake tin. Cut

cooled

in the egg. for into

Mix

well

and pour firm

into

the prepared then

tin. leave to cool in the

35 minutes 16 slices

or until when cold.

to the touch

CHOCOLATE

SPONGE

CAKE

(EGGLESS)

Bicarbonate a reason not

of soda

can be used this might

to replace well

eggs

in a recipe, The

so if you basic recipe

have can

to eat eggs with other

be the answer. lemon afraid

be flavoured and nuts. my You 175 vote. will

things, eat a lot

such

as fresh Im

juice

and zest or coffee always gets

Since

I cant

of cakes,

chocolate

need: self-raising (self-rising) flour

g (6 oz)

2 heaped

tsp baking

powder cocoa

25 g (1 oz) 80 g (3 oz) 125 325 Method: 1. Preheat 2. Sift 3. Mix 4. Fold 5. Bake comes Optional (Halve 125 170 ml ml

unsweetened sugar melted cold

(4 fl oz) (11 fl oz)

margarine water

the oven

to 190C

(375F,

gas mark powder

5). in a bowl.

the flour, the sugar in the dry for out about clean. filling the quantity g (4 oz)

cocoa

and baking

together

and melted ingredients 25 minutes, Cool and

margarine and pour or until tray

and add the water. into two greased inserted and lined tins.

a skewer

in the centre

on a wire topping:

and decorate.

for

filling

only)

margarine (confectioners) sugar unsweetened cocoa, mixed with 1

g (6 oz)

icing

Flavouring tbsp very hot

of choice, water coffee

e.g. 25 g (1 oz)

1 tbsp

instant

and some

nuts CAKE (EGGLESS)

MUESLI

This low You 175 175

is one of the healthier in fat and sugar. will need: wholemeal unsweetened

cakes

you

can make,

being

high

in fibre,

and

g (6 oz) g (6 oz)

(whole-wheat) muesli

or plain

(all-purpose)

flour

125 175

g (4

oz)

brown

sugar

g (6 oz) malt

sultanas extract powder apple juice cored and grated

2 tbsp

3 tsp baking 250 ml

(8 fl oz) apples,

2 cooking Method:

peeled,

1. Put the muesli, bowl and leave

sugar, aside for

malt

extract,

apple

juice

and sultanas

in a large

at least

30 minutes. gas mark 4) and grease and line one

2. Preheat

the oven cake tin

to 180C while

(350F, you wait.

18 cm (7 in) 3. Add powder. 4. Turn hours, 5. Cool effect.

the apple Mix into until

and flour

to the soaked

ingredients

and sift

in the baking

thoroughly. the prepared a skewer tin and bake into for 1 hour and 45 minutes out clean. for a special to 2

inserted

the centre with walnuts

comes

on a wire

tray.

Decorate

or almonds

DORSET

APPLE

CAKE

(EGGLESS)

This their cream You

is another egg intake. or custard, will need: eating g (4 oz) g (4 oz) g (4 oz)

family

favourite, serve leftovers

adapted it hot,

for

those

of us who by crme served

must

limit

I usually but any

accompanied good

fraiche,

are equally

cold.

34 115 115 115

apples margarine brown sultanas or butter

sugar (optional) of soda

2 level 1 tbsp 225

tsp bicarbonate boiling water plain

g (8 oz)

(all-purpose)

flour

tsp ground Method: 1. Preheat 2. Place

cinnamon

the oven the flour

to 180C

(350F,

gas mark with

4). the sugar. Chop up the

and cinnamon

in a bowl

margarine 3. Core

or butter and chop This

and add to the bowl. the apples into small

You chunks. but that

dont Add

need these

to rub

it in. with

to the bowl

the raisins. 4. Mix the mix 5. Bake

will

look

very

lumpy, with

doesnt

matter. to the mix. Put

the bicarbonate into for a cake tin

of soda and press

the water

and add this

gently. until golden brown.

45 minutes

to 1 hour, BUTTER

RICE

CAKE

This You 175 125

might will

appeal need: rice

if you

are fed

up with,

or cant

eat, wheat

flour.

g (6 oz) g (4

cake

flour butter

oz)

softened

1 tsp vanilla 175 g (6 oz) lightly

extract caster (superfine) sugar

3 eggs,

whisked powder of soda

tsp baking

tsp bicarbonate 1 tsp mixed 110 Method: 1. Preheat 2. Sift mixed the oven ml spice

(4 fl oz)

milk

to 150C cake

(300F, flour,

gas mark baking

2). bicarbonate of soda and

together spice.

the rice

powder,

3. Place 4. Fold

the butter, in the dry

sugar, ingredients

eggs

and milk and beat cake for tin

into until

a bowl well

and beat

well.

combined. with baking paper. Allow to

5. Grease 6. Spoon cool

a 20 cm (8 in) in the mixture then turn

round

and line

and bake on to a wire CARROT

55 minutes

or until

cooked.

slightly,

rack. CAKE

This

makes

a large quantity

cake

with

up to 12 portions. as individual muffins,

If you

prefer,

you

can use in this

a reduced

and cook

as described

later

chapter. You 180 will ml need: (6 fl oz) oil

3 eggs 225 280 270 g (8 oz) g (10 g (9 oz) oz) sugar plain grated (all-purpose) raw carrots flour

tsp bicarbonate 1 tsp baking 2 tsp cinnamon 1 eating pineapple 60 g (2 oz) 1 tsp salt You 110 will need for chopped apple,

of soda powder

peeled

and grated

or 25 g (1 oz)

crushed,

canned

walnuts

or pecans

the

icing: cream cheese

g (4 oz) melted icing

low-fat

1 tbsp 3 tbsp Method: 1. Preheat 2. Sift

margarine (confectioners)

or butter sugar

the oven

to 180C salt,

(350F, baking

gas mark powder,

4). bicarbonate of soda and

together

the flour,

cinnamon. 3. Stir in the sugar and nuts. whisk ingredients a rubbery rectangular cakes). the three ingredients and covering the the eggs with texture. baking with the oil. and fruit. Dont overmix or

4. In a separate 5. Fold you will into

bowl,

the dry

the carrot Just

end up with a greased, for

moisten

the flour. 45 to 50 minutes

6. Put into (20 minutes

pan for

about

individual

7. Ice when top

cooled

by combining

of the cake. BANANA CAKE

This

can be iced

or left

plain.

You 125 200

will

need: oz) butter

g (4

g (7 oz)

sugar

1 egg 175 g (6 oz) milk of soda plain (all-purpose) flour

2 tbsp

1 tsp bicarbonate 1 tsp baking 3 mashed Pinch Method: 1. Preheat in) square the oven cake tin. ripe

powder bananas

of salt

to 180C

(350F,

gas mark

4) and prepare

a 20 cm (8

2. Cream 3. Sift 4. Add

the butter

and sugar bicarbonate and mix into

until

light

and then and baking

add the egg and milk. powder.

in the flour, the bananas

of soda well. tin

5. Put the mixture

the cake

and bake

for

30 to 40 minutes.

PARKIN

This

cake

hails

from

the North cheese

of England.

When

we lived cake.

in Yorkshire

the locals You 120 120 225 120 will

ate it with need: oz) oz) butter

and apple,

as they

do fruit

g (4 g (4

medium

oatmeal oats

g (8 oz) g (4

porridge plain ginger

oz)

(all-purpose)

flour

3 tsp ground

tsp bicarbonate tsp baking Pinch 2 eggs 150 ml ( pint) (1 tbsp) (3 fl oz) of salt

of soda

powder

treacle honey milk

(molasses)

15 ml 75 ml

75 ml Method:

(3 fl oz)

apple

juice

1. Preheat

the oven baking

to 170C tin. salt,

(325F,

gas mark

3). Grease

and line

a square

20 cm (8 in) 2. Mix together

the flour, in a large

oats, bowl. treacle

ginger,

baking

powder

and bicarbonate

of soda

3. Put the butter, stirring 4. Add to mix. to the dry

and honey

in a saucepan

and bring

to the boil,

ingredients eggs worry. to the bowl,

and mix. juice into the pan and heat gently. It may

5. Put the milk, curdle, 6. Add 7. Bake but this for dont mix about

and apple

stir

well

and pour Cool

into

the baking squares.

tin.

30 to 35 minutes. BARM

and cut into

BRACK

This ahead You 140 225 110

fruit

teabread

is made

without

butter

or margarine.

You

need

to plan

and soak will ml need:

the fruit

overnight.

(5 fl oz)

cold

tea fruit (raisins, (raw) sugar sultanas, etc.)

g (8 oz) g (4 oz)

mixed

demerera walnut glac

50 g (2 oz) 50 g (2 oz) 1 small 1 tbsp 225 white) 2 tsp baking Method: 1. Soak egg milk

pieces cherries, sliced

g (8 oz)

wholemeal

(whole-wheat)

flour

(or

half

wholemeal,

half

powder

the mixed the oven mix

fruit

in the tea and sugar (325F, milk,

overnight. 3). to the tea-soaked loaf tin. fruit.

2. Preheat 3. Gradually Add

to 170C

gas mark

in the egg,

cherries and turn

and nuts into

the flour

and baking

powder

a prepared

4. Bake

for

one hour

or so, until

cooked.

GINGERBREAD

This easy

old

family

favourite and keeps

can be jazzed fairly well. as my

up with

added

fruit

or nuts.

It is

to make good

It is also drop You 225

as a pudding,

mother

would

have

it, with

custard

or a

of brandy. will need: plain (all-purpose) of soda flour

g (8 oz)

1 tsp bicarbonate 2 tsp ground 150 110 g (5 oz) g (4 oz) ginger

golden margarine brown

syrup

50 g (2 oz) 2 eggs 2 tbsp 110 Method: 1. Preheat milk

sugar

g (4 oz)

sultanas

(optional)

the oven square

to 170C tin.

(325F,

gas mark

3) and grease

and line

an

18 cm (7 in) 2. Sift 3. Warm sugar until

the flour,

bicarbonate syrup

of soda

and ginger with Add

together the margarine

in a bowl. and brown to cool. this with

the golden

in a saucepan have melted.

the ingredients into

the milk

and leave mix

4. Beat the dry 5. Pour through.

the eggs ingredients into

the mixture a thick and bake

in the saucepan batter. for Stir

and then

to form tin

in the sultanas. or until cooked

the lined

1 to 1 hours,

YOGURT

CAKE

This The think

recipe syrup

comes is very

from sweet,

Turkey so you

and uses semolina may wish

in an interesting the amount

way. used. I

to cut down

warmed

honey

would

be a good

substitute.

You 175

will

need: semolina plain (all-purpose) (plain) flour yogurt (low-fat for preference)

g (6 oz)

80 g (3 oz) 250 200 g (9 oz) g (7 oz)

natural sugar

1 egg 1 tsp bicarbonate 1 tsp ground You 225 225 or 110 Method: 1. Preheat square 2. Blend 3. Add well the oven to 180C or tin. and then beat in the egg. and cinnamon. Beat until (350F, gas mark 4) and prepare a large, ml (4 fl oz) warmed honey will need of soda

cinnamon for sugar water the syrup:

g (8 oz) ml

(8 fl oz)

ovenproof the yogurt

dish

and sugar, flour,

the semolina,

bicarbonate

of soda

mixed. the mixture brown. the end of the cooking to the boil and simmer time, for put the sugar minutes and water (skip this into a into the prepared tin and bake for about 45 minutes or

4. Pour until

golden before

5. Just saucepan, honey). 6. When Pour cool

bring

a few

if using

you

remove (or

the cake honey)

from over

the oven, the warm Cut

spike cake.

it all over Allow

with

a fork. to

the syrup and absorb

warm

the cake

most

of the sweetener. YAOURTOPITA

into

squares

and serve

cold.

This sweet,

Greek

cake

uses yogurt, wish

as the name it down

may a little,

suggest.

The

syrup

is very such

so you juice. need:

may

to tone

or use an alternative,

as orange You will

125

g (4

oz)

plain

(all-purpose) of soda

flour

tsp bicarbonate 1 tsp baking 175 110 g (6 oz) g (4 oz) powder sugar butter

3 eggs, 120 You 225 120 Juice Method: 1. Preheat cm (8 in) 2. Sift bowl. ml will

separated (4 fl oz) need for sugar water natural the (plain) yogurt

syrup:

g (8 oz) ml

(4 fl oz)

and zest of a lemon

the oven cake tin. with

to 170C

(325F,

gas mark

3) and grease

and line

a 20

the flour

the bicarbonate

of soda

and baking

powder

into

3. In a separate Beat

bowl,

cream

the butter

with

the sugar the yogurt. stiff.

until

light

and fluffy.

in the egg yolks, bowl

one at a time

and then until

4. In another 5. Add fold the dry

whisk

the egg whites by sifting

ingredients

again

into

the egg yolk

mix

and then

in the egg whites. into out the prepared on to a wire water tin tray and bake and allow juice for about 45 minutes.

6. Pour 7. Turn 8. Boil

to cool. for about 5 minutes and pour over

the sugar, cake.

and lemon

the cooled

CHOCOLATE

MALT

CAKE

You 175

will

need: wholemeal powder unsweetened molasses cocoa or brown sugar (whole-wheat) flour

g (6 oz)

2 tsp baking 25 g (1 oz) 175 g (6 oz) beaten

2 eggs, 120 ml

(4 fl oz)

oil

120

ml

(4 fl oz) malt need oz)

milk

2 tbsp You 125 will

extract for the topping cream and cheese chocolate filling:

g (4

low-fat

75 g (3 oz) Method: 1. Preheat sandwich

plain

(unsweetened)

the oven tins (1820 oil,

to 170C cm/78 eggs,

(325F, in).

gas mark

3) and grease

and line

two

2. Put the sugar, well. 3. Add smooth. 4. Divide 5. Bake 6. Turn 7. Melt cheese between for out the flour

milk

and malt

extract

into

a large

bowl

and mix

and sift

in the cocoa

and baking

powder.

Beat

until

the sandwich

tins until rack.

and smooth springy.

flat.

25 to 30 minutes, and cool on a wire over

the chocolate until smooth the filling Make

a bowl

of hot

water chocolate.

or in a microwave. Beat well. and spread

Beat

the

and add the melted between with the two a fork

8. Put half on the top.

parts

of the cake

the rest

a pattern

to finish. SLICES

BANANA

NUT

This whisk. You 125 125 125

cake You will

uses a more could

traditional

format

and is best

made

with

an electric

use a food

processor.

need: oz) oz) oz) plain brown (all-purpose) sugar or butter flour, or wholemeal (whole-wheat)

g (4 g (4 g (4

margarine

2 eggs 2 tsp baking 2 mashed 125 Method: 1. Preheat the oven to 190C (375F, gas mark 5). Grease and line a 20 cm g (4 powder

bananas oz) chopped hazelnuts

(8 in)

square

tin. the sugar until light and fluffy. Beat in the eggs, one

2. Cream at a time. 3. Sift banana

the fat with

in the flour and nuts. evenly

and baking

powder

and fold

into

the mix

with

the

4. Spread springy. 5. Leave cooling

across

the baking

tin

and cook

for

20 minutes,

or until

to cool on a wire

slightly rack.

in the tin

and then

cut into

16 slices,

before

CHOCOLATE

FUDGE

CAKE

We

cant

be health a birthday

conscious cake (well,

all the time. a small

Even

people

with This

diabetes delicious

are

allowed recipe You 250 125 125 125 125

piece,

anyway).

fits will

the bill need: plain soft plain

perfectly.

g (8 oz) g (4 oz) g (4 oz) g (4 oz) g (4 oz)

(all-purpose) brown sugar

flour

(unsweetened)

chocolate

margarine caster (superfine) sugar

2 eggs, 300 ml

separated ( pint) semi-skimmed of soda the chocolate fudge topping: milk

1 tsp bicarbonate You 125 will need for icing

g (4 oz) milk

(confectioners)

sugar

1 tbsp

25 g (1 oz) 1 tbsp Method: 1. Preheat cm (8 in)

margarine cocoa

unsweetened

the oven baking tin.

to 180C

(350F,

gas mark

4) and grease

and line

a 20

2. Put the chocolate, and melt 3. Whisk slowly. Stir

some

of the milk

and the brown

sugar

into

a saucepan

in the rest of the milk. with the caster sugar until light and fluffy and then

the margarine

beat

in the egg yolks, the flour

one at a time. of soda together Beat fold into until the creamed smooth. into the batter.

4. Sift

and bicarbonate

ingredients 5. Whisk 6. Bake 7. Turn

and add the chocolate the egg whites for out about until stiff until

and milk. and then springy. rack

carefully

45 minutes, slightly

and cool

on a wire into

while and heat well.

you

make

the icing. until melted. the cake

8. Put the fat and the milk 9. Sift while in the icing still slightly sugar warm.

a saucepan and mix

gently

and cocoa

Spread

over

CHERRY

AND

ALMOND

SPONGE

You 175 175 175

will

need: plain caster (all-purpose) (superfine) flour sugar

g (6 oz) g (6 oz) g (6 oz)

margarine

3 eggs 1 tsp baking 80 g (3 oz) 110 g (4 oz) powder ground glac extract almonds cherries, cut into quarters

1 tsp almond 1 tbsp Method: 1. Preheat loaf tin milk

the oven

to 180C mould

(350F, (savarin until

gas mark tin). fluffy,

4). Grease

and prepare

or fluted

cake

2. Cream a time. 3. Add 4. Sift

the margarine

and sugar

then

beat

in the eggs,

one at

the chopped in the flour into

cherries, and baking tin

milk,

almonds

and almond into

extract.

powder and bake

and fold

the mix. of the oven for 25 to

5. Spoon 30 minutes, 6. Cool

the prepared cooked. tray.

in the centre

or until

on a wire

CIDER

CAKE

This You 350 750 225

is another will need: oz)

recipe

to prepare

the night

before

you

want

to bake.

g (12 ml

mixed

dried cider

fruit

(raisins,

currants,

sultanas)

(1

pints) plain powder spice butter soft mixed

g (8 oz)

(all-purpose)

flour

1 tsp baking tsp mixed 110 110 g (4 oz) g (4 oz)

or margarine dark peel brown sugar

50 g (2 oz) Finely 2 eggs, Sugar Pinch Method: 1. Soak grated

zest of 1 orange

beaten for topping

of salt

the dried

fruit

overnight

in the cider (325F, tin. powder,

in a large

bowl. and base line a

2. Preheat

the oven round

to 170C deep cake

gas mark

3). Grease

23 cm (9 in) 3. Sift into

together Mix

the flour,

baking

pinch into rind.

of salt

and mixed

spice Stir

a bowl.

in the butter peel

or margarine orange

a crumb-like

texture.

in the sugar, 4. Mix centre 5. Mix off

mixed

and grated

all these of the mix. until

ingredients Beat

thoroughly

and then

make

a hollow

in the

in the eggs a soft

and the fruit Pour

and cider. into the cake tin, levelling

it reaches Sprinkle one hour,

consistency. sugar on top. the oven hour slightly. clean. rack

the top. for

a little then for

6. Bake gas mark springy skewer, 7. Turn tin

reduce a further

temperature the top

to 150C of the cake

(300F, is a

2) and cook and the cake which should out for

or until If you

is shrinking come out

are unsure,

test with

the cake

on to a wire a few days.

to cool

and then

store

in an airtight

to let it mature

BLUEBERRY

POUND

CAKE

You

will

need:

Makes

1 25 cm

(10

in)

cake

225

g (8 oz)

granulated oil

(white)

sugar

80 ml 2 eggs 175 110

(3 fl oz)

g (6 oz) g (4 oz)

plain fresh

(all-purpose) or frozen

flour blueberries

tsp baking

powder of soda sour cream Pinch of salt

tsp bicarbonate 110 ml (4 fl oz) juice for icing juice

tsp lemon You will need

the

icing: sugar

25 g (1 oz) 2 tsp lemon Method: 1. Preheat cm (10 2. Place blended. 3. Place in)

(confectioners)

the oven cake tin.

to 180C

(350F,

gas mark

4) and lightly

grease

a 25

the sugar Add

and oil

in a large

mixing beating

bowl well

and mix after

until

well

the eggs,

one at a time, in a small

each

addition. of the flour

the blueberries

bowl,

add two

tablespoons

and toss well. 4. Sift a large the remaining mixing with bowl. flour, Add baking this powder, bicarbonate mixture a little of soda and salt in

to the sugar

at a time,

alternating 5. Fold prepared 6. Bake comes minutes. 7. Mix the cake over

the cream. mixture and lemon juice then pour into the

in the blueberry tin. for out 1 hour clean.

and 10 minutes from

or until

a skewer

inserted to cool

in the centre in the tin for 10

Remove

the oven

and allow

together from

the icing the tin,

sugar

and lemon to a plate

juice

in a small the icing

bowl.

Remove mixture

transfer cake.

and drizzle

sugar

the top

of the warm

TAHITIAN

SWEET

BREAD

This reduce

exotic

fruity

cake juice.

uses dried

fruit.

If you

use fresh

fruit

I suggest

you

the orange

You 175 110 175

will

need:

Makes plain

1 loaf flour flour

g (6 oz) g (4 oz) g (6 oz)

(all-purpose)

wholemeal sugar of soda

(whole-wheat)

1 tsp bicarbonate 1 tsp baking tsp salt 225 ml (8 fl oz)

powder

natural

(plain)

low-fat

yogurt

2 egg whites, 2 tbsp vegetable

lightly oil

beaten

tsp crystallized Juice 110 110 Method: 1. Preheat tin. 2. In a large baking powder bowl, the oven

ginger

and zest of 2 oranges g (4 oz) g (4 oz) dried dried mango pineapple

to 180C

(350F,

gas mark

4) and lightly

grease

a loaf

mix

together

the flours,

sugar,

bicarbonate

of soda,

and salt. bowl, mix together the yogurt, egg whites, oil, orange juice

3. In a separate and ginger. 4. Add not the yogurt

mixture

to the flour

mixture

and stir

until

combined.

Do

over-mix

the batter. zest, tin. or until for a skewer 10 minutes inserted before in the centre removing comes mango and pineapple until just blended then

5. Stir pour

in the orange the prepared for about

into

6. Bake out clean.

50 minutes to cool rack.

Allow

in the tin

and

cooling

on a wire

MUFFINS

Ive my

always youth

been were with

confused

by this flat,

word,

as the muffins items seem why. that

I remember you toasted that

from and a muffin muffin like

yeast-based, butter.

pancake-like most Now people

smothered looks like

Nowadays fairy bun-like cake.

to accept The

an overgrown a thick, flat

I know made with

English which

is, indeed,

product

yeast,

looks

a crumpet of soda, ingredients, variety after

or a pikelet. or baking including

The

American or both, sugar,

muffin and may some sort

is leavened contain

with

bicarbonate of A popular 19th stale

powder, flour,

all manner

of fat or oil muffins during that

and milk. became the late they grew cake

of other

flavourings

can be added. powder

These

the introduction One

of baking

in America days not was

century. very

of the drawbacks so commercially modern

in the early they were have

quickly, but

as viable

as other

products, the now, Compared pastries, need healthy

preservatives ubiquitous muffin monsters like

resulted

in a longer

shelf-life

and

seemingly with low-fat

outlet. which include doughnuts to stay and Danish fresh they of such isnt

the calorific muffins more

seem

good which

news.

Of course, spoils

to contain eating,

fat and sugar,

somewhat additions

the illusion

and with chip, for coconut much.

all the possible and banana, Being confined but

and combinations, or skimmed low-sugar, how quickly you buy milk

as chocolate going diet to count myself,

the yogurt

to a low-fat, Im amazed

high-fibre my in coffee natures

Im

not

a connoisseur,

daughter shops. way

can devour They always

one of the huge, stick to the roof

chocolate of my

muffins which

mouth,

is just

of telling are not

me not

to eat them. of cakes is quite beaten more to cook different if you from are a beginner. that of creaming The fat and

Muffins technique sugar

the easiest a batter

of mixing

together,

leavening muffins

with

egg and adding interesting, control

flour

and flavourings. than the them. In this

Home-made commercial Some recipes

are a lot

however, what goes

ones

and you both powder

can at least baking that

into

contain

powder does most

and bicarbonate of the leavening.

of soda. The

case it is the baking bicarbonate leavening. with of soda When dry you

neutralizes use either

the acids product, before powder followed too you

in the recipe make sure

and adds you sift

some them

or whisk

the other

ingredients baking rising,

add them

to the batter, to taste

to ensure bitter when the batter a stodgy which

uniformity. and can also

Too

much

can cause

the batter This pop,

cause

rapid

by collapse. and then crumby you

happens causing with cake

the air bubbles to fall. middle. doesnt MUFFIN The perfect Cakes Too rise

in the batter like little this will

grow have

large

a coarse, will give

structure a rubbery

baking

powder

to the occasion.

PERFECTION muffin is symmetrical with a domed top. The surface is bumpy

and the volume which SWEET I have it should OR always

of the batter feel light for

should its size.

almost

double

during

baking,

after

SAVOURY associated but for you will muffins find with sweet for both rather below. such than savoury are traditionally bran, yogurt savoury or

ingredients, served fruit warm make

recipes

They

breakfast,

when way salad

ingredients cereal. for than

as oats,

for

a different with

of eating or soups rise more

As an alternative,

muffins The

can go well why some

lunch. others, is that sugar apart from the baking

reason

muffins

powder/bicarbonate makes cake-like Bread-like be assembled used to mix a bread-like muffin. muffins

of soda muffin,

quantities whereas

used, a higher

less sugar

and butter creates a

and fat content

are made

using

the two usually together with these

bowl

method.

This

batter One contains

can bowl all is

and baked all the dry The

quickly, ingredients fat used butter. they

in about while muffins

20 minutes. the second is usually

the wet form, been

ingredients. oil

in liquid have mixing, is, however, high. should

either prepared too

or melted separately,

When

the wet

and dry

ingredients little

are combined the gluten the ratio

quickly, in the flour.

with

because a tendency Only still

much

overdevelops because

There

to overmix

of liquid

to flour

is quite The batter

15 seconds be lumpy,

are needed with traces

to moisten of flour.

the ingredients. will disappear

These

as the batter

continues PAPER Using These moist BAKING Muffins cooked edges minutes muffin scoop,

to blend CASES

as it bakes.

paper not

muffin make

cup

liners

is the best up easier, drying out.

idea they

for also

cooking help

and presentation. to keep the muffins

only

cleaning from

and prevent

them

should when start

be baked a toothpick away

in the centre inserted from (350 using

to top

of a preheated comes out

oven clean after

and are and the 20 to 25 the

in the middle

to come

the sides to 400F, two over

of the pan, gas mark

usually

at 180 batter only

to 200C

4 to 6). Spoon still,

into filling

the paper each

spoons

or, better Handle

an ice cream as little

one to just you will

halfway. tough

the batter

as possible,

otherwise

end up with

muffins.

MUFFIN

TROUBLESHOOTING

The

following than

recipes others.

contain Quantities

a variety

of muffins such

to try.

Some

are

healthier may vary,

of ingredients for bread-like higher mean

as flour,

fat and sugar The care if

giving muffin

different recipes Low

textures tend

or cake content, sugar

varieties. so take as well! than in my

American you

to have not

sugar low

are dieting. small you

fat does that

always

It is best batches,

to make although opinion.

amounts can freeze

can be eaten Fresh (and

immediately, still warm)

rather is best,

them.

As always, the two, that Fan ovens ovens

use either as there vary, often

the metric

measures

or the imperial, between for My them.

but

dont

mix also times. and of

are always

discrepancies oven so Im guide told.

Be aware cooking

so go by your cook faster, control own

approximate Aga has a will times for

of its own types

no instant ovens

temperature from my

and I cant

judge

different rather

purely

experience. first time.

Expect

to experiment,

than

to produce Basic Butter

the perfect Muffin Chip

muffins Recipe

Chocolate

Muffins

Banana Blueberry Banana Onion

Muffins and Orange and Nut Muffins Muffins Chip Muffins and Oatmeal Muffins Muffins Muffins

and Cornmeal

Banana-Chocolate Fruity Lemon, Pumpkin Chocolate Chilli Corn Breakfast Yogurt Muffins Muffins Muffins MADE

MUFFINS

WITH

BUTTER BUTTER MUFFIN RECIPE

BASIC

This

should time

make

6 large

muffins.

If you

make

small

ones,

adjust

the

cooking You 150 will

by about

8 to 10 minutes.

need: oz) oz) plain caster (all-purpose) (superfine) flour sugar

g (5

40 g (1 1 egg

50 g (2 oz) 110 ml

melted

butter

(4 fl oz)

milk

tsp baking Pinch of salt

powder

tsp vanilla Suggested 110

extract

(optional)

additions: blueberries glac cherries dates (sprinkle with flour to stop them sticking and 50 g (2 oz) pecans, chopped finely

g (4 oz)

75 g (3 oz) 50 g (2 oz)

chopped

together) 75 g (3 oz) 1 tbsp Method: 1. Preheat 2. Sift 3. Mix second 4. Sift fold the oven to 200C (400F, gas mark 6). into a bowl. butter in a strong raisins instant coffee and 75 g (3 oz) walnuts

together the egg, bowl. the flour

the flour, sugar,

baking

powder

and salt

milk,

vanilla

and the cooled,

melted

mix

(a second into

time) the dry

into ones.

the egg mix. This should

Using take

a large no more

spoon, than

the wet

ingredients

15 seconds 5. Fold into six

and the mixture fruit baking or nuts cases. tray

may very

appear briefly,

lumpy. then spoon balls of the mixture

in any paper

6. Place minutes. dry when

on a baking Test whether

or in a bun

tin

on a high with

shelf

for

about which

25 should be

the inside

is cooked

a skewer,

removed. on a wire tray. If you are going to ice them, MUFFINS let them cool first.

7. Cool

CHOCOLATE

CHIP

As you You 240 will

can see, these need: plain light white powder

have

a lot

more

sugar.

g (8 oz) oz) oz)

(all-purpose) brown sugar sugar

flour

40 g (1 40 g (1

1 tsp baking Pinch 80 ml of salt

(3 fl oz)

milk melted and cooled

50 g (2 oz) 1 egg, lightly

butter,

beaten extract milk (optional) chips chopped

tsp vanilla 25 g (1 oz) 50 g (2 oz) Method: 1. Preheat

chocolate

walnuts

or pecans,

the oven

to 200C

(400F,

gas mark

6).

2. In a large sugars. 3. In another 4. Combine 5. Stir

bowl,

sift

together

the flour,

baking

powder,

salt

and add

bowl, the two

stir

together folding

the milk, with

eggs, a spoon.

butter

and vanilla.

mixes, chips

in the chocolate the batter comes into

and nuts. cases and bake for about 20 minutes or

6. Spoon until

the paper clean.

a skewer

out

7. Remove

the muffins

to a wire BANANA

rack. MUFFINS

You 175

will

need: plain (all-purpose) of soda flour

g (6 oz)

tsp bicarbonate tsp baking Pinch of salt bananas sugar lightly butter, for

powder

1 to 2 ripe 80 g (3 oz) 1 small 40 g (1 You will

(depending

on size)

egg, oz)

beaten melted

need oz)

topping: sugar

40 g (1 Pinch

brown

of ground

cinnamon

2 tsp melted 25 g (1 oz) Method: 1. Preheat 2. Sift 3. Mash dry

butter chopped nuts (optional)

the oven

to 190C

(375F,

gas mark

5).

and mix

the dry

ingredients. with the sugar, egg and butter. Stir into the

the bananas until muffin just

and mix combined. with

mixture

4. Put into until cooked.

cases

two

spoons

and bake

for

about

20 minutes,

5. Combine

the topping

ingredients

and put

on the muffins

while

still

hot.

BLUEBERRY

AND

ORANGE

MUFFINS

You

will

need:

1 orange 60 ml 1 egg 40 g (1 150 g (5 oz) oz) butter plain (all-purpose) bran sugar flour (2 fl oz) orange juice

60 g (2 oz) 60 g (2 oz) tsp baking

natural white

powder of soda

tsp bicarbonate 60 g (2 oz) Method: 1. Preheat 2. Grate into the oven

blueberries

to 190C

(375F, and put juice.

gas mark

5). with the seeds removed,

the zest of the orange with the orange mix

the orange,

a blender

Blend flour,

to a pure. bicarbonate of soda and baking

3. In a separate powder with

bowl,

the sifted

the bran the orange

and sugar. pure with the zest, ones egg and butter. and then add the blueberries.

4. Combine 5. Mix Dont

the dry mix too into

ingredients much. paper cases.

with

the wet

6. Spoon

Bake

for

about NUT

20 minutes MUFFINS

or until

brown.

BANANA

AND

This

recipe

uses a different

method,

more

like

a traditional

sponge

cake

method, agents You

so the air is trapped in the ingredients.

by beating

in the egg as well

as by the raising

will

need: butter or margarine (white) at room sugar temperature

60 g (2 oz) 120 g (4 oz) egg

granulated

1 large

1 large

ripe

banana, extract plain

mashed (optional) (all-purpose) flour

tsp vanilla 240 g (8 oz)

tsp salt tsp baking powder of soda buttermilk pecans (or milk with tbsp lemon juice)

tsp bicarbonate 120 ml (4 fl oz)

60 g (2 oz) Method: 1. Preheat 2. Cream the egg, 3. Add 4. Sift 5. Fold Stir just

chopped

or walnuts

the oven the butter a little

to 200C

(400F,

gas mark until

6). light and fluffy. Beat in

or margarine

and sugar

at a time. and vanilla salt, into and beat baking until smooth. and bicarbonate with of soda.

the banana together the flour until

the flour, mixture

powder

the batter,

alternating

the buttermilk.

the dry spoon about

ingredients into

are moistened paper cases,

and add the nuts. filling about two-thirds browned. full.

6. Carefully 7. Bake Serve for

the batter

18 to 20 minutes,

or until

tops

are lightly

warm. ONION AND CORNMEAL MUFFINS

These You 150

are savoury will need: oz)

muffins,

despite

the sugar.

g (5

yellow

cornmeal flour

80 g (3 oz) 25 g (1 oz)

plain sugar

(all-purpose)

1 tsp baking tsp salt 25 g (1 oz) 60 g (2 oz) 1 egg Method: 1. Preheat 2. Sift 120

powder ml (4 fl oz) melted spring onions (scallions) milk

butter, chopped

the oven

to 200C

(400F,

gas mark

6). in a large bowl and add

together

the flour,

baking

powder

and salt

the cornmeal

and sugar. bowl, beat the egg until frothy. Mix in the melted butter

3. In a separate and milk. 4. Fold lumpy the two batter. paper

mixtures

together

quickly

and mix

in the onions

to make

5. Put into MUFFINS

cases

and cook

for

20 to 25 minutes.

MADE

WITHOUT

BUTTER CHIP MUFFINS

BANANA-CHOCOLATE

A very for You

low-fat

recipe,

but

high

on the sugar

content.

The

bananas

make

up

the lack will

of liquid.

need: very ripe bananas

2 medium, 1 egg 50 ml

(2 fl oz)

low-fat

buttermilk (white)

(or sugar

milk

with

tbsp

lemon

juice)

50 g (2 oz) 50 g (2 oz) 150 g (5 oz)

granulated brown plain sugar

(all-purpose) of soda

flour

tsp bicarbonate tsp salt 20 g ( oz) 15 g ( oz) Method: 1. Preheat the oven bowl, sugar

chocolate chopped

chips walnuts (optional)

to 180C mash

(350F,

gas mark with

4). Whisk in the egg, milk,

2. In a large granulated

the bananas sugar. together

a fork.

and brown bowl, sift

3. In a separate 4. Add 5. Fold 6. Spoon until brown the flour

the flour, Fold

bicarbonate quickly with

of soda a spoon.

and salt.

to the wet

ingredients.

in the chocolate equal amounts

chips

and walnuts. into paper cases. Bake for 30 minutes or

of batter

and cooked. to a wire rack to cool.

7. Remove

FRUITY

BREAKFAST

MUFFINS

These You

muffins will need:

are packed

with

fibre

but

are low

in calories.

80 g (3 oz) 160 Pinch Pinch g (6 oz)

wholemeal plain

(whole-wheat) flour

flour

(all-purpose)

of cinnamon of salt of soda sugar

2 tsp bicarbonate 60 g (2 oz) 2 tbsp 3 tbsp Grated 60 ml 1 egg 160 240 Method: 1. Preheat 2. Sift the oven g (6 oz) ml raisins brown

wheatgerm orange juice

zest of an orange (2 fl oz) oil

(8 fl oz)

natural

(plain)

low-fat

yogurt

to 200C salt,

(400F,

gas mark

6). and cinnamon and then

together

the flour,

bicarbonate

of soda

add the sugar 3. In a separate and zest. 4. Fold

and wheatgerm. bowl, whisk the egg and add the oil, yogurt, orange juice

the two

mixes

together,

just

enough

to combine

roughly

and add

the raisins. 5. Spoon into paper cups and bake for about 20 minutes. MUFFINS

LEMON,

YOGURT

AND

OATMEAL

I can recommend for a high-fibre, the syrup need:

these low-fat

as tasty, diet.

healthy got

and easy the thumbs

to make. up in our

They

are perfect even

They

house,

without You will

topping.

175 120

g (6 oz) g (4 oz)

plain rolled

(all-purpose) oats (white)

flour

50 g (2 oz) 1 tsp baking

granulated powder

sugar

tsp bicarbonate Pinch 150 ml of salt (5 fl oz) egg lemon rind need juice

of soda

natural

(plain)

low-fat

yogurt

1 small 2 tbsp Grated You will

of lemon for the syrup (white) grated (optional): sugar

30 g (1 oz) fresh 1 tbsp Method: 1. Preheat

granulated rind, juice

lemon lemon

the oven bowl

to 200C put

(400F, oats,

gas mark granulated

6). sugar, and sift in the

2. In a large flour, baking

the rolled bicarbonate mix

powder, bowl,

of soda

and salt. egg, only mix lemon until will juice and rind. blended. dry, but

3. In a separate 4. Add 5. Divide this doesnt for the wet

together

the yogurt, mixing The

ingredients about

to the dry, 10 paper

roughly look very

between matter.

cases.

6. Bake 7. Prepare Bring

20 minutes, the syrup

or until

cooked. the ingredients into a small saucepan.

by putting aside.

to the boil

and leave

8. When the warm

the muffins syrup

are baked,

prick

all over

with

a toothpick

and brush

on the hot

muffins. MUFFINS

PUMPKIN

These pumpkin. lantern. cheese You

are perfect You For

for

Halloween, use some

or for

encouraging that you

everyone hollow with out

to eat more for the

could

of the flesh

added

interest,

these

can be iced

or topped

a cream

frosting. need:

will

175

g (6 oz)

plain

(all-purpose) of soda

flour

1 tsp bicarbonate 120 g (4 oz) sugar

tsp salt tsp cinnamon tsp nutmeg Pinch 120 ml of ground (4 fl oz) ginger oil

2 eggs 175 Method: 1. Preheat 2. Sift the oven salt to 180C (350F, gas mark of soda. 4). Mix with oil the spices. g (6 oz) pured pumpkin

the flour, beat

and bicarbonate

3. Lightly 4. Combine 5. Spoon inserted

the eggs

and add to the pumpkin, ingredients for clean. MUFFINS without about

and sugar.

the wet into paper

and dry cases

overmixing. 25 minutes, or until a skewer

and bake out

into

the centre

comes

CHOCOLATE

Bicarbonate ingredient, chocolaty sugar. okay, You 240

of soda giving muffins

has the effect to the name rich

of reddening of Devils colour time a little

cakes food

that

have

cocoa very low in

as an

rise

cake.

These

are a deep, any even

and flavour I made sugar. them,

and also

I forgot but will they need:

to put were

in the first better with

and they

still

tasted

g (8 oz)

plain

(all-purpose) cocoa

flour

80 g (3 oz) 60 g (2 oz)

unsweetened sugar of soda

1 tsp bicarbonate Pinch 160 ml of salt (6 fl oz) (1 fl oz)

milk vegetable oil

40 ml 1 egg 120

g (4 oz)

chocolate

chips

Method: 1. Preheat 2. Sift sugar. 3. Mix 4. Spoon mixing 5. Spoon the tops. 6. Bake for about 20 minutes. CHILLI CORN MUFFINS together the two the egg, mixtures milk and oil in a separate with half bowl. chips. Keep the oven salt, to 200C cocoa (400F, gas mark 6). together and add the

the flour,

and bicarbonate

of soda

together,

of the chocolate

to the minimum. into paper cases and sprinkle the rest of the chocolate chips on

Be careful chillies handling, These from You 120

when

preparing be sure could

the chilli your

in this hands

recipe. away

If you from your

havent face

used when

before, or you

to keep

end up in pain. and could be served with soup as a change

are a savoury bread. will need: plain cornmeal

variety

g (4 oz)

(all-purpose) (cornstarch) (white)

flour

80 g (3 oz) 25 g (1 oz)

granulated powder

sugar

1 tsp baking Pinch 1 small 2 tbsp 100 ml of salt egg cooking (3 chilli,

oil milk and chopped finely

fl oz)

1 small Method: 1. Preheat 2. Mix

seeded

the oven

to 200C

(400F, sugar,

gas mark powder

6). and salt except until in a bowl. the chilli. just blended.

the flour,

cornmeal, bowl, mix

baking

3. In a second 4. Add Add the milk

the remaining to the dry the mix

ingredients,

mixture and spoon

ingredients paper

and stir cases.

the chilli

into

5. Bake pressed.

for

15 to 20 minutes,

or until

the top

springs

back

when

lightly

BREADS,

SCONES

AND

PANCAKES

Scotch Pancakes Naan

Pancakes with Maple Apples and Pecan

Bread and Honey Bread Bread Oat Bread

Cranberry Cheese Soda

Cornbread Singin Date Yogurt Cheese Bacon Herb Treacle Oatcakes Pizza SCOTCH PANCAKES Hinnie and Walnut Scones Scones and Potato and Walnut Scones Scones Scones Loaf

You 225

will

need: plain (all-purpose) flour

g (8 oz)

2 eggs 60 g (2 oz) 120 ml caster (superfine) milk sugar

(4 fl oz)

1 tsp cream

of tartar of soda

tsp bicarbonate Pinch Method: 1. Sift a large 2. Make a thick 3. Drop 4. Cook flip each them side. between batter. the flour, bowl of salt

cream

of tartar,

salt

and bicarbonate

of soda

together

into

and add the sugar. in the centre and beat in the eggs and enough milk to make

a well batter.

dessertspoons until over the tops to cook

of batter

on to a greased, are covered until golden

preheated with brown, tiny

griddle

or pan. then

of the pancakes the undersides

bubbles,

about

4 minutes

5. Cool remaining

folds Serve

of a clean with butter

tea towel or choice

to keep

soft

while

you

cook for

the a

of topping

(see below

suggestion). PANCAKES WITH MAPLE APPLES AND PECAN

Make You

the Scotch will need for

pancakes, topping: peeled,

as above.

3 eating

apples, butter pecan

cored

and finely

chopped

25 g (1 oz) 80 g (3 oz) 175 Method: 1. Place for a few ml

pieces maple syrup (molasses)

(6 fl oz)

the butter minutes.

in a saucepan

and when

melted,

add the apple.

Simmer

2. Add

the syrup Allow

and pecans. to cool.

Bring

almost

to the boil,

stirring

occasionally. 3. To lace pancake

a spoonful

of the apple over more

mixture

on a pancake,

top

with

a second

and spoon

topping.

NAAN

BREAD

Naan

bread

can be cooked with 110 ml

with

or without of extra a very hot

eggs. yogurt oven If you

If you

leave

out of

the egg,

substitute bicarbonate tandoor,

(4 fl oz) need used

and teaspoon to try have to replicate a separate

of soda. or hot clay

You oven,

the grill you

in India.

can use that You will

as well. Makes 4

need:

1 tsp dried 80 ml

yeast tepid milk

(3 fl oz)

1 tsp sugar 225 g (8 oz) plain powder (all-purpose) flour

1 tsp baking tsp salt 60 ml 1 egg, 2 tbsp Method: 1. Mix minutes, 2. Sift well butter 3. Mix minutes 4. Place place together until

(2 fl oz) beaten melted

natural

(plain)

yogurt

butter

or oil

the yeast, frothy. baking then

warm

milk

and sugar

and leave

for

about

15

the flour,

powder pour

and salt

into

a large

mixing half

bowl,

make

in the centre or oil

in the yogurt, yeast together Form with mixture. well into

egg (if

using),

the melted

and the frothy

all the ingredients on a floured in a large

and knead a ball. cling

thoroughly

for

about

10

surface. bowl. Cover

oiled

film

and put

in a warm

to double

in size. to 200C Preheat (400F, your gas mark grill surface as well. and divide into four equal 6) and lightly grease and

5. Preheat heat two

the oven baking

trays.

6. Turn pieces. 7. Leave Lightly

the dough

on to a floured

the remainder knead each piece

covered and roll

in the bowl out into

until tear

you

are ready

to work 20

it.

shapes,

approximately

cm (8 in)

by 12 cm (5 in).

8. Place if you grill

on the greased a grill

trays

and bake for

for

10 to 15 minutes. and then

Alternatively, transfer to the

have to brown

as well, side

bake for

4 to 5 minutes Serve hot.

on each

a minute. AND

CRANBERRY

HONEY

OAT

BREAD

You

will

need: honey

Makes

1 loaf

2 tbsp 1 egg 2 tbsp

milk butter flour rolled (porridge) powder oats or margarine

1 tsp melted 350 150 g (12 oz)

g (5 oz)

1 dessertspoon tsp salt tsp ground 100 g (4 oz)

baking

cinnamon fresh chopped or frozen nuts cranberries

50 g (2 oz) Method: 1. Preheat

(optional)

the oven

to 180C baking

(350F, powder

gas mark and salt

4) and grease in a bowl.

a loaf

tin.

2. Put the flour, 3. Beat stirring 4. Pour hollow together well. into when Fold

oats,

the egg,

honey

and milk

and add to the flour

and oats,

in the cranberries tin and bake Pour for

and nuts. about butter 75 minutes, over or until loaf crusty and turn and out

the loaf knocked. rack.

the melted

the hot

on to a cooling

CHEESE

BREAD

As with for You 200 250

the Soda

Bread

recipe,

milk

and lemon

juice

may

be substituted

buttermilk. will need: plain (all-purpose) flour flour

g (7 oz) g (9 oz)

wholemeal

(whole-wheat)

2 tsp baking

powder of soda

1 tsp bicarbonate 1 tsp salt 225 g (8 oz) grated

cheese

1 egg 420 ml (14 fl oz) buttermilk oats or semi-skimmed milk and lemon juice

Oatmeal

or rolled

2 tsp sugar Method: 1. Preheat stand the oven for to 190C about sift (375F, gas mark with 5). If you are using milk,

it in a jug

15 minutes flour,

the juice powder, flour,

of a lemon bicarbonate sugar

to thicken. of soda all the

2. In a large and salt cheese. 3. In another flour mixture

bowl,

the plain

baking

together

and then

add the wholemeal

and nearly

bowl,

mix

together a well

the egg and buttermilk. in the centre of the dry

Add

this

to the and

by making

ingredients

gradually 4. Mix sprinkled 5. Shape tray. hour, Cut

incorporating until with combined the oats into

the liquid. and then and knead a flattened the top turn on to a surface that has been

well. ball with and place a floured for on a greased knife. the last Bake for baking about of an

the dough a deep

cross with

into

sprinkling

the rest of the cheese

5 minutes

cooking. SODA BREAD

This

is the easiest flavour.

bread If,

to make. me, you

It uses buttermilk, have trouble

which getting hold juice.

gives

distinctive you You 250 250

like sour

of buttermilk,

can make will need:

the milk

with

the addition

of lemon

g (9 oz) g (9 oz)

plain

(all-purpose)

flour flour

wholemeal of soda

(whole-wheat)

2 tsp bicarbonate tsp salt 25 g (1 oz) 450 ml (16 butter, fl oz)

cut in pieces buttermilk or semi-skimmed milk

Juice Method:

of a lemon

(if

using

milk)

1. Preheat with flour.

the oven

to 220C

(425F,

gas mark

7) and dust

a baking

sheet

2. If using for

milk,

pour

it into

a jug

and add the lemon

juice.

Leave

to stand

15 minutes. the white flour, flour. Make a well in the centre from The the centre dough should and gradually with a wooden but pour in the or salt and bicarbonate of soda into a large bowl and

3. Sift

add the wholemeal 4. Rub buttermilk your fingers, too in the butter.

or the milk. handling wet

Combine it gently. more

spoon not

be soft

sloppy.

If it gets 5. Turn cm (2 in)

add a little board

flour. it into a flat, round loaf, about 5

on to a floured thick.

and shape

6. Put the loaf with a floured hollow for

on to the baking knife. when a further Bake tapped. for

sheet

and score

a deep until

cross

in the top of the loaf gas mark 5)

20 to 25 minutes Reduce the heat or until still

the bottom (375F,

sounds

to 190C

and cook 7. Transfer

25 minutes, rack

the crust warm.

is browned.

to a wire

and eat while CORNBREAD

Cornmeal make

gives

a nutty bread with

flavour more a more

and an interesting honey and some recipe.

texture dried fruit,

to bread.

You

can

sweeter

or add cheese

and a dash You 175 will

of paprika

for

savoury

need: cornmeal of soda

g (6 oz)

1 tsp bicarbonate tsp salt 150 ml (5 fl oz)

natural

(plain)

yogurt

2 tsp honey 2 tbsp 1 egg Method: 1. Preheat the oven to 200C (400F, gas mark 6). Prepare a 15 cm (6 in) oil

greased 2. Mix 3. Whisk

cake

tin. with the bicarbonate yogurt a soft of soda and salt. Beat well.

the cornmeal

the egg and add the honey, the two into out the tin mixtures and bake on a wire to make for

and oil. batter.

4. Combine 5. Spoon 6. Turn

15 to 20 minutes,

until

firm

to the touch.

and cool

rack. HINNIE

SINGIN

This while fish You 350

recipe

from

Northumberland You need

gets a spare

its name pair

from

the sound or at least

it makes a pair of

it is cooking. slices, will for need: oz) plain

of hands,

the turning.

g (12

(all-purpose) of soda

flour

tsp bicarbonate 1 tsp cream 75 g (3 oz) 125 200 Method: 1. Sift bowl. 2. Rub 3. Make dough. 4. Turn in) thick in the butter a well the flour, g (4 oz) ml

of tartar butter currants milk

(7 fl oz)

bicarbonate

of soda

and cream

of tartar

together

into

and add the currants. and mix in the milk. Knead lightly to form a

in the centre

on to a floured and 25 cm (10 and heat until

board in)

and make

into

flattened

balls,

about

2 cm (

across. or pan over over a moderate the other heat. side. Put in the dough This should

5. Grease and cook take about

a griddle Turn

browned.

and cook

15 minutes. hot, straight from the griddle. Split crossways and butter wedges

6. Serve to enjoy.

DATE

AND

WALNUT

LOAF

You 225 225

will

need: self-raising chopped margarine walnut brown pieces sugar of soda boiling water (self-rising) dates flour

g (8 oz) g (8 oz)

25 g (1 oz) 60 g (2 oz) 110 g (4 oz)

1 tsp bicarbonate 175 Pinch 1 egg Method: 1. Put the dates 2. Preheat 3. Sift into ml (6 fl oz) of salt

the boiling to 180C

water (350F,

and leave gas mark of soda

to cool. 4) and grease Rub a loaf tin.

the oven with

the flour

the bicarbonate

and salt.

in the

margarine. 4. Stir dates in the sugar, and water. in the tin for about an hour and cool SCONES on a wire tray. walnuts and beaten egg. Mix well and then add the

5. Bake

YOGURT

These well. You 150 250

low-fat, See below will ml need:

low-sugar for cheese

scones

can be made

into

savoury

versions

as

options.

(5 fl oz)

natural

(plain)

low-fat

yogurt flour

g (9 oz)

wholemeal powder g (2 oz) sugar for finishing:

(whole-wheat)

tsp baking tsp salt50 1 tbsp You Milk will for brown need

butter

or margarine

glazing nuts or sesame seeds

Chopped Method: 1. Preheat

the oven

to 220C

(425F,

gas mark

7).

2. Put the flour 3. Rub 4. Turn

and salt

into

a large

bowl

and sift

in the baking with

powder. the yogurt. Roll to 2

in the butter

or margarine board

and the sugar lightly

and mix to a soft

on to a floured thick

and knead rounds. with

dough.

cm ( in) 5. Place 6. Bake

and cut into tray

on a baking for about

and glaze before

milk

and nuts on a wire

or seeds. tray.

15 minutes

cooling SCONES

CHEESE

Follow You will

the yogurt need:

scones

recipe

above,

but

add to the flour:

1 tsp mustard Pinch Instead

powder pepper add 80 g (3 oz) AND grated cheese SCONES

of cayenne

of the sugar, BACON

POTATO

This

is a good

way

of using plan about

up leftover ahead 10

mashed

potato

. . . if you

ever

have

leftovers. You will

Alternatively, need: Makes

and cook

extra

potatoes

the day

before.

50 g (2 oz) 110 g (4 oz)

butter

or margarine potato cheese, grated

mashed parmesan

40 g (1 1 tbsp 2 tbsp Freshly 3 slices 175 oil milk

oz)

ground back

black bacon

pepper

g (6 oz)

plain powder parsley

(all-purpose)

flour

2 tsp baking 1 tbsp Method: 1. Preheat 2. Chop until fresh

or thyme,

chopped

the oven the bacon

to 220C finely. Heat

(425F, the oil

gas mark in a frying

7). pan and fry the bacon

crispy.

3. Meanwhile, butter 4. Add until and rub

sift

the flour

and baking

powder fine herbs

into

a large

bowl.

Add

the

in until

the mixture pepper,

resembles cheese,

breadcrumbs. and milk and combine

the potato, dough

bacon, is formed.

a soft out

5. Roll Cut into

on to a lightly rounds.

floured Brush

surface with

to a thickness a little milk

of 2 cm ( in). for about 10

5 cm (2 in) until golden.

and bake

minutes,

HERB

AND

WALNUT

SCONES

These tops, You 350 flour)

go well if you will

with

soup

or salad.

You

can add a little

grated

cheese

to the

like. Makes about 10 flour (or substitute half white

need: oz)

g (12

wholemeal

(whole-wheat)

tsp salt 4 tsp baking 50 g (2 oz) 2 tbsp 50 ml 1 egg 200 Method: 1. Preheat the oven salt to 220C (425F, powder gas mark 7). and stir in the nuts and ml (7 fl oz) semi-skimmed milk fresh powder chopped herbs, olive walnuts chopped oil (or or hazelnuts (rosemary, vegetable parsley oil) or mixed)

(2 fl oz)

2. Put the flour, herbs. 3. In a separate 4. Add much). 5. Roll

and baking

in a bowl

bowl,

combine

the egg, and mix

oil

and milk. a dough (dont handle too

to the dry

ingredients

to form

to a thickness rounds for about with

of 2 cm ( in) a cutter

on a floured glass. warm. SCONES

surface Glaze with

and cut into a little milk.

cm (2 in) 6. Bake

or drinking and serve

10 minutes

TREACLE

You 450

will

need: plain (all-purpose) of soda flour

g (1 lb)

tsp bicarbonate 1 tsp cream tsp mixed tsp ground 1 tbsp Pinch black of salt

of tartar spice cinnamon treacle (molasses)

1 tsp sugar 150 ml (5 fl oz) milk or butter

25 g (1 oz) Method: 1. Preheat baking 2. Sift 3. Rub 4. Pour necessary. 5. Knead (1 in). Cut tray. together

margarine

the oven

to 220C

(425F,

gas mark

7) and lightly

grease

all of the dry

ingredients. and add the treacle to a soft dough, and sugar. adding more milk if

in the margarine in nearly

or butter

all the milk

and mix

lightly into

on a floured triangles, brush

surface with

and roll milk

to a thickness for

of about

2 cm

and bake

12 to 15 minutes.

OATCAKES

These

simple with

oatcakes butter,

are easy low-fat

to make cream

and very

good

for

you.

They prefer,

can use

be served a cutter You 350 will

cheese

or hummus.

If you

to make need: oz)

individual

oatcakes.

g (12

fine

oatmeal

1 tsp salt 150 ml ( pint) oz) soft boiling water

40 g (1 Pinch Method: 1. Preheat

margarine of soda

of bicarbonate

the oven

to 150C

(300F),

gas mark

2.

2. Put the oats, 3. Melt a dough. 4. Turn dough. 5. Dust a rolling in) out

salt

and bicarbonate in water over

of soda a low

into

a bowl. Add to the oats and mix to

the margarine

heat.

on to sprinkled

oatmeal

and knead

until

you

have

a smooth

pin

with

oatmeal,

halve

the dough

and roll

out

into

two

25 cm (10 6. Cut 7. Bake each

rounds. eight oven sections for and place until PIZZA on to greased crisp. Cool baking sheets. rack.

into

in a cool

1 hour

on a wire

This

pizza

base is yeast-free their You for

and quick own could fun.

and easy

to make.

Children

love with the pizzas. a

making view topping You will

and decorating to healthy for eating.

versions

and they

can be made faces with

go all out This

and create will

parties for

or just the

amount

make

6 mini

need

base: (self-rising) (whole-wheat) flour flour

80 g (3 oz) 80 g (3 oz) 1 tsp baking Salt 110

self-raising wholemeal powder

and pepper ml (4 fl oz) grated for milk cheese the (optional)

50 g (2 oz) You will need tbsp

topping: or relish

45 6 fresh 175 Plus

tomato

paste sliced

tomatoes,

g (6 oz) some you

mozzarella,

sliced to decorate some (think of the eyeball The possibilities effects and

of the following can make pepper, sliced from

mouths

of these!). for hair,

are endless:

Green

(bell)

sliced

thinly

or whiskers

6 mushrooms, Stoned Salami Method: olives sausage

slices

1. Sift

the flour,

baking flour

powder

and salt

together

into

a large Make

bowl. into

Add a soft

the wholemeal dough with

and pepper of the milk to 200C

and the cheese, as you need.

if using.

as much the oven

2. Preheat sheets. 3. Roll circles

(400F,

gas mark

6) and grease

some

baking

the dough or shapes

out

on to a floured choice. paste

surface

and cut into

10 cm (4 in)

of your

4. Put some sliced create 5. Bake

of the tomato

or relish cheese. you.

on to each Top with your

base,

followed

by to

tomatoes faces for

and mozzarella grabs

chosen

vegetables

or whatever

7 to 8 minutes,

or until

bubbling

and golden,

but

still

recognizable. 6. Allow to cool slightly. Mind the hot cheese!

Fun

Activities

with

Bicarbonate

of

Soda

As bicarbonate substance phenomena grandparent, children primary own Most kids

of soda

has many

properties compound have but

and is a fairly for explaining

harmless some scientific or some being if my a

to handle, to children. to read

it is a good You dont

to be a child, probably

or a parent help things to play, to have about even

this

section,

it will One

to share school werent

the activities teacher was that

with.

of the good licence

I had special

interested. activities are suitable for Key Stage 2 (age 7 to 11)

of the following

and over. The activities, while harmless who enough, should be overseen anyway by a grown up .

. . well, for some

by someone people! to clean

is grown safety

up in years,

theres take

no hope

Where

advice afterwards. some

is suggested, As well good,

please

it, and be

prepared

up the mess

as providing explanations school more days fun of basic at an

entertainment, chemistry, all girls nowadays. Home-made Grandmother's How to Make

the activities something that school.

give was

practical in my own

sadly

lacking school

grammar

Happily,

science

is a lot

Lemonade Lemonade a Sherbet Cordial Dip

Volcano Blowing Rocket Cabbage Growing Apple

Simulation Up a Balloon Without Touching It

Science Indicators Crystals Sculpting Diver or Submarine on String

Cartesian Lava

Lamp

Popcorn

LEMONADE This is something most Victorian results lose children are nothing their fizz, would like but have known about and

enjoyed drinks we took (Preston other make hours odd-job speak

as a novelty. of today, classes Manor)

The

the sticky, are fun

carbonated to make. When

and quickly of children for

they

to an Edwardian history lesson

mansion/museum the children to clean It was for were

in Brighton learned, among to two or

a role-play how

useful

things,

to use bicarbonate to make being

of soda

the silver,

gingerbread ever, men unless

and finally, were

lemonade. interviewed

the quietest jobs not but as maids

as the children by professional spoken was

actors.

The

children

allowed the look as they

to on the

to by the Housekeeper priceless when

or Cook, was

childrens watched.

faces

the lemonade

made

HOME-MADE

LEMONADE

This bottles drink You

is how

children drinks

were were

given

a treat

in hot

weather You

in the days need

before to

of fizzy

available

everywhere. last long.

to be ready

it immediately, will need:

as the fizz

doesnt

1 lemon 2 tbsp icing (confectioners) of soda cold water sugar

1 tsp bicarbonate 500 ml ( pint) glasses jug or lemon

Drinking Large Orange Method: 1. Cut

juicer

the lemon

in half sugar into

and squeeze the jug well. with This

out

the juice. of soda. cloudy, but

2. Put the icing 3. Pour most

the bicarbonate will make

in the water

and stir

the solution

of the sugar pour down,

should the lemon pour

dissolve. juice into the jug and stir again. As soon as the

4. Quickly fizzing dies

into

glasses. LEMONADE CORDIAL

GRANDMOTHER'S

For

the more a flat

discerning cordial for The like,

palate dilution. cordial you

you

might

like

to try

this

recipe, for

which children in the to

makes make

This will

is not for

really a couple

a recipe

unattended. If you

keep

of weeks with soda

refrigerator. make You it fizzy. will

can dilute

the cordial

water,

to

need:

6 lemons 1 kg (2 lb) 25 g (1 oz) 1.4 litres Method: 1. Grate the rind from three bowl Stir lemons. Squeeze the juice from all six lemons. acid white citric sugar acid boiling water

(3 pints)

2. In a large, in the boiling 3. Allow

heatproof water.

or saucepan rind

dissolve

the sugar

and citric

in the lemon bottling

and juice. in a covered parts water. jug.

to cool dilute OTHER

before

or storing in four

4. To drink, MAKING You makes may You

one part FIZZY own

cordial DRINKS fizz drink

can make them not will

your

special Dont

powder too much

which,

when

added

to drinks, though, as it

effervesce. good for acid the for

of it in one day,

be too need

your

digestion.

powder:

6 tsp citric

3 tsp bicarbonate 2 tbsp Method: 1. Mix the citric with icing

of soda sugar

(confectioners)

acid

crystals

to the bicarbonate a fine powder. and put

of soda

in a bowl.

Crush

the mixture 2. Add jar. 3. To serve, the juice The citric

a spoon sugar,

to form mix

the icing

thoroughly

into

a dry,

clean,

labelled

put

two of your reacts

teaspoons choice, with

of powder e.g. orange

into

a glass

and fill

it up with

drink acid

or blackcurrant. in bicarbonate vinegar reacts. of soda These to form bubbles of

the carbonate way that

carbon

dioxide

gas, in the same

carbon

dioxide

are what

make

your

drink

fizzy.

FURTHER Try adding

INVESTIGATION half drinks, drink a lot a teaspoon of bicarbonate juice, acidic of soda to half a glass of cordial. samples, drinks your as

different The there

e.g. grapefruit is the most

orange one.

squash, drink

blackcurrant all these Make

fizziest is quite

Dont

of bicarbonate of food

of soda colouring

involved. to water

coloured with

by adding powder,

a few

drops

and mixing

e.g. green. HOW TO MAKE A SHERBET DIP

Sherbet seem yellow

dips

were

one of the treats the years like

I really some poking although

loved

as a child.

They

didnt the seem

to change tube with

over

confectionery out

and I remember They didnt

a liquorice much

straw but

of the top. the container

to change the contents You could

in price seemed have

either,

stayed

the same,

to steadily of fun plastic to take from

decrease

in amount. and making personalized guests. You small, it. bags, tubes

a lot

designing food

or cones, them may You each

or decorating with a dipper mouth for icing

bags

for

party

can present as you

home.

Keep acid

the amounts overdo

get a sore will need

the citric

if you

6 dips: (confectioners) of soda sugar

50 g (2 oz)

tsp bicarbonate tsp citric 6 lollipops Method: Mix all the powders a lolly you put with acid

or liquorice

sticks

to dip

together

thoroughly, stick into each.

divide

into

separate

containers,

and put When

or liquorice the sherbet

on your

tongue,

the citric

acid

crystals

dissolve Citric

and react acid This feeling For

the bicarbonate acid as that

of soda in lemons dioxide

and the saliva and bicarbonate gas, which

in your

mouth.

is the same produces on your

of soda cause

is an alkali.

bubbles tongue.

of carbon

the tingly

a similar

chemical

reaction,

but

in the bath,

take

a look

at the bath

bombs 60.

in the chapter

on Personal

Uses

for

Bicarbonate

of Soda,

on page

VOLCANO

SIMULATION

Have soda you You

fun reacts mix will

with with

a simple vinegar

chemical to form for

reaction, bubbles cleaning

showing of carbon purposes.

how

bicarbonate just like

of when

dioxide,

the two need: dish,

ingredients

A large Vinegar Red food

washing

up bowl

or tray

colouring of soda bottle

(to simulate

lava)

Bicarbonate A plastic Some This

(to simulate

the neck

of a volcano)

sand

or gravel done outside put down because some it can be a bit newspaper smelly and messy. any spills. If

is best

working Method: 1. First vinegar. 2. Mix drama 3. Half bottle 4. Pile top

indoors,

to catch

put

the newspaper

down

to protect

any

surfaces

from

sand

and

a little

red food

colouring

with

some

vinegar.

This

will

add a bit

of

to the proceedings. fill the plastic bottle with bicarbonate of soda and then stand this

in the middle sand or gravel

of the dish around

or tray. the bottle to form is too a cone, dry, wet leaving it a little only with the some

of the bottle

uncovered.

If the sand

water. 5. Pour eruption. The amount of gas produced used, last will so you as long you work depend on the quantities with of bicarbonate The up the every bottle. the red vinegar into the bottle and stand back and watch the

of soda eruption bottle time,

and vinegar will only

can experiment

the proportions. You your can top volcano

as the gas is released. dont best have with to rebuild dry powder

with but

a funnel the reaction

so that will

and a clean

BLOWING

UP

BALLOON

WITHOUT

TOUCHING

IT

This

can prove

a bit

tricky It could out

for

small part

fingers,

so help

will act,

be needed or challenge will do, but

to for the

assemble grown-ups use white If you good

the parts. to work vinegar,

form

of a magic Any water

before look your again,

the act starts. like ordinary

vinegar

if you

it will

and get people the technique with

guessing! like all

are out teachers

to impress do. Once

audience, you

practise

first different

can refine of soda.

the trick

quantities You will

of vinegar need:

and bicarbonate

Vinegar Bicarbonate An empty, of soda clean plastic bottle, without the lid

A balloon Elastic Method: 1. Pour about 20 ml (1 tbsp) of vinegar soda into into the empty plastic bottle. of the band

2. Put two balloon 3. Fit soda

teaspoons any

of baking bicarbonate

the balloon. getting out

Twist before sure

the neck you

to stop the balloon stays

of soda

are ready. of

over

the top

of the bottle,

making

the bicarbonate

at the bottom need

of the balloon. band fit to secure so that the balloon with if there is a

4. You gap.

might

an elastic

There

needs

to be a tight up so that

no air can get in or escape. soda is tipped into the bottle. Sit

5. Lift back WHAT When mixes

the balloon and watch MAKES you with tip

the baking inflate!

the balloon THE

BALLOON of soda

INFLATE? out of the balloon produces This gases. into the bottle, dioxide good way it

the bicarbonate

the vinegar

and a chemical escape, the balloon

reaction inflates.

carbon

gas. As the gas can't of explaining how

is a really The

solids

and liquids

can form

gas can actually that a lot

be seen to inflate of children find

the balloon hard

as it expands. unless

Gases they

are something them

to understand, ROCKET

smell

of course!

SCIENCE

This

can be as sophisticated to a proper out suited paper

as you

like,

ranging model

from blasting This made

a simple off. activity

empty be

film

canister carried better inflated

rocket-shaped will who

It must

in the open, to older You

as there

be a mess. have acid time already instead

is probably and

children,

volcanoes

balloons.

can use citric you more drops

of vinegar,

and it wont as the reaction the

be so smelly. wont start

It also until you

gives

to get organized, Please follow

add a few to avoid

of water.

instructions You will

carefully need: plastic film

eye injuries.

A 35 mm Bicarbonate Vinegar Paper Masking Method:

canister

with

lid

of soda or citric acid crystals and water

and scissors tape

(optional)

(optional)

1. Put a small of vinegar released. 2. Place your into

amount the film

of bicarbonate canister

of soda

( teaspoon) before

and a few the gas is

drops

and cover

it quickly,

the canister

lid

down

on the ground.

(The

lid

is the bottom

end of

rocket.) back and get ready return for blast-off. before leak it pops! If it fails to go off to

3. Stand WARNING (as it does have

: Dont sometimes, wait face for

to the canister a small of minutes

if there's a couple away.

around

the lid) open

or seems carefully,

failed, your

and then

it very

keeping Rockets release

well

function of carbon

by generating dioxide

huge

volumes

of gas in a short of the model the pressure cannot rocket

time.

The

provides

the thrust mix,

engine.

As the vinegar dioxide

and bicarbonate builds

of soda

of the carbon hold the gas and This expulsion

gas created

up until

the container the lid off

the pressure of exhaust FURTHER You

is released creates thrust

by forcing to send

the container. off

the model

rocket

the ground.

INVESTIGATIONS your rocket by altering improve the amounts it by adding of vinegar and nose

can improve

bicarbonate

of soda.

You

can also

a cone-shaped

and fins You

made

of paper how long

to the canister. it takes for until the lid you to come off and experiment to come off with after a

can time

quantities, specific Mix inside put you each

mixing time,

and so forth, you

can get the lid countdown. to form a paste hold

so that

can do a proper with water even

the bicarbonate the lid

of soda

that

will

stick down and as

of the film

canister,

when

you

it upside

it on the canister. put the lid

Put the vinegar the vinegar for

in the canister and bicarbonate launch, turn

and keep of soda

it upright away from down

on to keep you

other.

When

are ready site.

the canister

upside

and place

it on the launch

CABBAGE

INDICATORS

This need react You Red

activity

can be used for this

to determine to work. case,

the pH

of your you

water how

supply.

You

red cabbage with will

It also

shows

acids

and alkalis

an indicator, need: leaves

in this

red cabbage.

cabbage hot water

Very White

vinegar of soda

Bicarbonate Lemon Method: juice

1. Put the cabbage them water and leave when for

leaves a few

in a bowl minutes.

and pour Alternatively

the hot

water

over drained

them.

Stir

use some

cabbage

cooking. into a jar and put probably in a hard the cabbage pinky water red. to one side. The colour will This should on

2. Strain give where (very you you

the water a coloured live.

liquid, live

depend purple

If you

area it will water area. juice blue

be a bluey

alkaline). a little

If it is red you lemon juice into

are in a soft

3. Pour See what should 4. Now change

the red cabbage water. If it was

and give to start

it a shake. with it

happens red.

to the cabbage If reddish it should

turn

be even

redder. happens. It should

add some back again.

bicarbonate

of soda

and see what

5. Now substances turn Tap blue

try

vinegar. are acid

You

should

be able alkaline

to start by now.

working Acids

out turn

which

and which

red and alkalis

to green. is rarely neutral, although which make water. you might expect alkaline. it to be. It contains For truly neutral

water

chemicals water you

and impurities need

it slightly

to use distilled

FURTHER If you made

INVESTIGATIONS jars for each You addition like of acid to try or alkali, some as: you will have

use different your own

indicator. they

might

different

substances

and predict

whether

are acid

or alkaline,

such

Try the same

Cream Washing Orange Sour Milk

of tartar soda juice (sodium carbonate)

milk of Magnesia with elderberries or blackberries, as seasonal

experiment

variations,

instead

of red cabbage. CRYSTALS ON STRING

GROWING

A variety Bicarbonate easy

of crystals of soda by. The

can be grown is a good activity

using

common as it wont gives carried form,

substances. harm anyone results, and left and is however, alone for can a

one to try, isnt

to come

one that

instant out

so it needs few days.

to be planned It shows children solids

ahead, how from

or perhaps solutions liquids.

and how

evaporation

be used You will

to retrieve need:

Bicarbonate Very Jam Piece String hot jar of card

of soda water

to cover

the top

of the jar

or thread

Sticky Method: 1. Pour as will 2. Make Secure with

tape

the water dissolve. a hole with *

into

the jam

jar and stir

in as much

bicarbonate

of soda

in the centre or some on top. after

of the card tape

and thread

through

the string.

a knot placed

and suspend

the string

in the solution,

the card

3. Swish 15 minutes. somewhere * You safe The longer

the jar gently Secure safe,

about with

15 minutes some sticky

and then tape

again

after

another

the card

and put

the jar

where a little

it wont

be disturbed. into for after a saucer and place in a warm, children. take a lot

can pour place crystals

of the solution

to speed should

up evaporation start to grow

smaller an hour

or less patient or so, but will

to become

a feature.

FURTHER Try other

INVESTIGATIONS household substances, such as:

This tartar. cream until You this method Mix

Salt Sugar

(sodium

chloride)

Washing Bicarbonate

soda

(sodium

carbonate) and cream of soda (4 fl oz) will of tartar to three water. react parts cream of of Stir

of soda

uses one part the bicarbonate at a time, have

bicarbonate in 100 ml

Add with

one teaspoon each other.

of tartar the bubbles can start

as the substances and then off

gone crystal

continue

as above. method, then This carefully is a more tie secure

a small

by the saucer

to a thread for

and suspend much

in the solution, bigger crystals. SCULPTING

as above.

method

growing

APPLE

This

activity

shows

how

you

can extract

Adams

Ale

from

an apple

(but

not You An

Adams will apple

apple!). need:

Bowl Salt Bicarbonate Method: 1. Peel it if you 2. Place of half an apple want and carve eyes, much a nose change and a mouth takes place. cover this it with a mixture the again. It will into it. You can weigh of soda

to see how

the apple salt and half

in a small bicarbonate soggy. will time,

bowl

and completely Replace weeks

of soda. for

whenever

salt/bicarbonate After stay The called apple a while like this

gets

Leave have

a few

and weigh desiccated. it. the fruit

the apple for a long of soda Water powder.

become

completely to display from

so find

a place

bicarbonate osmosis. to the dry time

and salt

remove

water

by a process of the of water will to grow keep and

passes Here,

across there

the membranes is a very removed. and fungus low

in the cells concentration dry apple

and over without the high the apple

the water because will

is completely bacteria prevent much

The need

decaying salt you levels will

moisture

anything of it was

from

attacking

it. If you

weighed

see how

made

up of water.

CARTESIAN

DIVER

OR

SUBMARINE

I wonder cornflake but what diver Ive world The being

how

many

people

remember I used

getting to have

divers to fight

or submarines my brother I didnt neck work for really

in their them, know the

packets younger

as a child. and not and finding that easy, how

at all scientifically a bottle Half work with

minded, a wide

to do next, in wasnt now who toy

enough didnt

to put

either. they

the time and that You

they there

properly. all over on-line! large into the as well water to the

discovered are still

are people buy

fascinated fish

by them.

can even were powder two

them inside

divers, of water.

frogmen, A small

and submarines of baking contains acid

placed was other

bottles small

amount

loaded

plastic

model.

Baking which

powder create

ingredients with

as bicarbonate

of soda,

solutions

and react

produce water, bubbles When again. with You

carbon so sank

dioxide.

Initially but made

the diver

or submarine reaction

was

denser place,

than the

to the bottom, dioxide rose

as the chemical the diver

took

of carbon the diver This

less dense, making

so it rose

to the top. sink a go

to the surface is nearly

gas escaped, fun, but

the diver mind

activity

as much

I wouldnt

having

the originals will need: (3 bowl pint)

again!

2 litre Small Medicine or A paper

drink

bottle

with

cap

or glass dropper

clip

and half

a plastic putty

drinking

straw

Plasticine Method: 1. Completely 2. Squeeze You need

or reusable

adhesive

fill

the bottle

with

water

and fill

the bowl while

as well. it is in the water. in the bowl. in half enough and plasticine If you

the rubber just enough

end of the medicine water make clip in the dropper a model to trap with

dropper

to let it float the straw air in. Use bent just

havent secured to make 3. Place cap. 4. Gently stop

got with

a dropper, the paper float

some

the vessel the dropper

on the surface. clip model in the bottle and screw on the

or paper

squeeze

the bottle

and the dropper will rise

will

sink

to the bottom.

If you

squeezing, this

the dropper is not powder finding exactly

to the top because

again. there it will is no bicarbonate inspire divers greater and of

Obviously soda

the same, but

or baking into

involved,

hopefully for

experiments submarines.

a substitute

the cornflake

LAVA

LAMP

POPCORN

This

uses the same

principle

as the divers,

but

with

bicarbonate

of soda

and

vinegar. You will need: drinking glass

A tall

Water Bicarbonate White Popping Method: 1. Fill 2. Add 3. Add the glass a heaped some about two-thirds full of cold water. and stir. starts to bubble. vinegar corn that hasnt been popped of soda

teaspoon just pieces stick

of bicarbonate enough so that

of soda the water

vinegar;

4. Quickly The bubbles

add a few produced reach Then

of corn,

and watch making burst,

carefully. it float up to the top. sinks When

to the corn,

the bubbles down again.

the top more

of the glass bubbles form

they

so the corn

back again. corn

and stick

to it and up it goes keep making

As long keeps

as the bicarbonate and falling.

of soda

and vinegar

gas, your

on rising

FURTHER Try different

INVESTIGATIONS objects in the glass.

APPENDIX Floor cleaner (for vinyl water. of 4 tbsp and

CLEANING tiles): Dissolve

METHODS 4 tbsp bicarbonate of soda in

a bucket Hob warm Oven vinegar. Burnt-on

of warm

cleaner: water cleaner:

Paste

bicarbonate

of soda,

squeeze

of lemon

juice,

and 1 tsp vinegar. Equal parts of salt and bicarbonate of soda, mixed with

food

1: Pour enough clean. 2: Mix

a layer water

of bicarbonate to moisten

of soda

on to the base of the until the next

pan and use just day, then scrub food

the soda.

Leave

Burnt-on little Rub lemon off

1 tbsp this pad.

salt over

with

2 tbsp

bicarbonate article

of soda and leave

and a to dry.

juice.

Spread

the offending

with

a scouring pans: this

Heavily of vinegar. 2 tbsp Brass mixed Brass rub

encrusted Bring

Put a layer

of water from

in the bottom the heat

and add a cup sprinkle in

to the boil,

remove

and then

bicarbonate polish together polish

of soda. flour, 1 tbsp to make salt and 1 tbsp paste. of soda on to half a lemon and bicarbonate of soda,

1: 2 tbsp with

vinegar

a thick

2: Sprinkle

some

bicarbonate

clean. polish 1: Thin paste of bicarbonate with a soft, Fill of soda clean and water. cloth. bucket Sprinkle with hot water of Spread over

Silver

the object Silver and put soda

and let it dry. 2 (heavily

Polish

polish a piece

tarnished): foil

a plastic

of aluminium for with cleaning a soft tray

in the bottom. into

bicarbonate Leave for 15

over

the item then foil grout applied dry

and put cloth.

the water. items

minutes aluminium Tile and

Smaller way.

can be washed

in an old

baking cleaner: with

in the same

2 parts an old

bicarbonate

of soda

to 1 part

white

vinegar, Bath Apply Shower tbsp and

toothbrush. bicarbonate with cold of soda water. or sponge with 4 or 5 Dry to 1 part vinegar.

basin

cleaner: cloth.

2 parts Rinse

with

a damp

curtains:

Put them of soda.

in the bath with hot

and brush water

bicarbonate

Rinse

and white

vinegar.

thoroughly. Spot carpet stain remover: Dab with a cloth and some soda water

immediately. Carpet cleaner: Use bicarbonate of soda to soak up as much of the liquid

as possible. solution before Drains followed Drains Leave Bath lemon Air soda.

This

can then

be swept

up and the carpet water. Allow

dabbed to dry

with

a mild

of bicarbonate vacuuming. 1: Equal by hot 2: Use this for

of soda

and warm

thoroughly

quantities water. half a tub

of salt

and bicarbonate

of soda

powder,

of bicarbonate pour down

of soda lots

and a cup hot vinegar

of vinegar.

an hour 1 part

then

of very 4 parts

water. and a squeeze of

cleaner: juice.

bicarbonate

of soda,

freshener: Leave

A few open

drops

of fragrance

oil shelf.

in half

a tub

of bicarbonate

of

on an out-of-the-way

Table

of

Contents

Introduction What is Bicarbonate of Soda?

Glossary Uses of Bicarbonate Solutions Uses Uses Uses Uses Uses of Soda with Throughout History

Cleaning Kitchen Bathroom General Laundry Outdoor

Bicarbonate

of Soda

Pets and Pests Neutralizing Personal Cooking Savoury Other Uses with Nasty for Niffs of Soda of Soda

Bicarbonate

Bicarbarbonate

Recipes Savoury Recipes

Delightful Biscuits, Muffins Bread, Fun

Desserts Cakes and Cookies

Scones

and Pancakes with Bicarbonate Methods of Soda

Activities

Appendix

Cleaning