Mozambique

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For other uses, see Mozambique (disambiguation).

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Republic of Mozambique

Repblica de Moambique (Portuguese)

Flag

Coat of arms

Anthem: Ptria Amada

Beloved Homeland

Capital and largest city Official languages Vernacular languages

Maputo
2557S 3235E

Portuguese Tsonga Ronga Chopi Tonga Ndau


Demonym Government President Prime Minister Legislature

Tswa Swahili Makhuwa Sena Mozambican Unitary presidentialconstitutional republic Armando Guebuza Alberto Vaquina Assembly of the Republic Independence

from Portugal Current constitution

25 June 1975 30 November 1990

Area Total 801,590 km2 (35th) 309,496 sq mi Water (%) 2.2 Population 2011 estimate 2007 census Density 23,929,708[1] (50th) 21,397,000 (52nd) 28.7/km2 (178th) 74.3/sq mi GDP (PPP) Total Per capita 2012 estimate $26.257 billion[2] $1,169[2] 2012 estimate $14.600 billion[2] $650[2] 45.7[3] medium HDI (2011) 0.322 low 184th Currency Mozambican metical(MZN)

GDP (nominal) Total Per capita

Gini (2008)

Time zone Summer (DST) Drives on the Calling code ISO 3166 code Internet TLD
a.

CAT (UTC+2) not observed (UTC+2) left +258 MZ .mz

Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena and others.

Estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected.

Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Portuguese: Moambique or Repblica de Moambique, pronounced: ), is a country in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian

Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west, and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest. The capital and largest city is Maputo (previously calledLoureno Marques before independence). Between the 1st and 5th centuries AD, Bantu-speaking peoples migrated from farther north and west. Swahili, and later also Arab, commercial ports existed along the coasts until the arrival of Europeans. The area was explored by Vasco da Gama in 1498 and colonized by Portugal from 1505. After over four centuries of Portuguese rule, Mozambique gained independence in 1975, becoming the People's Republic of Mozambiqueshortly thereafter. After only two years of independence, the country descended into an intense and protracted civil war lasting from 1977 to 1992. In 1994, Mozambique held its first multiparty elections and has remained a relatively stable presidential republic since. Mozambique is endowed with rich and extensive natural resources. The country's economy is based largely on agriculture, but with industry, mainly food and beverages, chemical manufacturing, aluminium and petroleum production, is growing. The country's tourism sector is also growing. South Africa is Mozambique's main trading partner and source of foreign direct investment. Portugal, Brazil, Spain and Belgium are also among the country's most important economic partners. Since 2001, Mozambique's annual average GDP growth has been among the world's highest. However, the country ranks among the lowest in GDP per capita, human development, measures of inequality, and average life expectancy.[4] The only official language of Mozambique is Portuguese, which is spoken mostly as a second language by about half of the population. Common native languages include Swahili, Makhuwa, and Sena. The country's

population of around 24 million is composed overwhelmingly of Bantu people. The largest religion in Mozambique is Christianity, with significant minorities following Islam and African traditional religions. Mozambique is a member of the African Union, Commonwealth of Nations, the Community of Portuguese Language Countries, the Latin Union, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Southern African Development Community and La Francophonie.
Contents
[hide]

1 Etymology 2 History

o o o o o

2.1 Bantu migrations 2.2 Swahili, Arabs and Persians 2.3 Portuguese rule 2.4 Independence movement 2.5 Conflict and civil war

3 Provinces, districts and postos 4 Geography and climate

4.1 Climate

5 Politics

5.1 Foreign relations

6 Economy

o o o o o o

6.1 Rebounding growth 6.2 Economic reforms 6.3 Corruption 6.4 Natural resources 6.5 Tourism 6.6 Transport

7 Demographics

o o o o

7.1 Largest cities 7.2 Languages 7.3 Religion 7.4 Health

8 Education

9 Culture

o o o o o

9.1 Arts 9.2 Cuisine 9.3 Entertainment 9.4 National Holidays 9.5 Cultural identity

10 See also 11 References 12 Bibliography 13 External links

Etymology[edit]
The country was named Moambique by the Portuguese after the Island of Mozambique, derived from Musa Al Big or Mossa Al Bique or Mussa Ben Mbiki, an Arab trader who first visited the island and later lived there.[5] The island-town was the capital of the Portuguese colony until 1898, when it was moved south to Loureno Marques (now Maputo).

History[edit]
Main articles: History of Mozambique and Portuguese Mozambique

Bantu migrations[edit]
Between the 1st and 5th centuries AD, waves of Bantu-speaking people migrated from the west and north through the Zambezi River valley and then gradually into the plateau and coastal areas. They established agricultural communities or societies based on herding cattle. They brought with them the technology for iron making, a metal which they used to make weapons for the conquest of their neighbors. Cities in Mozambique during the Middle Ages (fifth to the 16th century) were not sturdily built, so there is little left of many medieval cities such as the trading portSofala.

Visa requirements[edit]
Visa requirement

Country

Notes (excluding departure fees)

Afghanistan

Visa required

[3]

Albania

Visa required

[4]

Algeria

Visa required

[5]

Andorra

Visa required

[6]

Angola

Visa required

[7]

Antigua and Barbuda

Visa required

[8]

Argentina

Visa required

[9]

Armenia

Visa required

[10]

Australia

Visa required

[11]

Austria

Visa required

[12]

Schengen Visa required

Azerbaijan

Visa required

[13]

Bahamas

Visa required

[14]

Country

Visa requirement

Notes (excluding departure fees)

Bahrain

Visa required

[15]

Bangladesh

Visa required

[16]

Barbados

Visa required

[17]

Belarus

Visa required

[18]

Belgium

Visa required

[19]

Schengen Visa required

Belize

Visa required

[20]

Benin

Visa required

[21]

Bhutan

Visa not required

[22]

Bolivia

Visa on arrival

[23]

90 days

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Visa required

[24]

Botswana

Visa required

[25]

Brazil

Visa required

[26]

Brunei

Visa required

[27]

Country

Visa requirement

Notes (excluding departure fees)

Bulgaria

Visa required

[28]

Burkina Faso

Visa required

[29]

Burundi

Visa on arrival

[30]

30 days; obtainable at Bujumbura International Airport

Cambodia

Visa on arrival

[31]

30 days

Cameroon

Visa required

[32]

Canada

Visa required

[33]

Cape Verde

Visa on arrival

[34]

Central African Republic

Visa required

[35]

Chad

Visa required

[36]

Chile

Visa required

[37]

China

Visa required

[38]

Colombia

Visa required

[39]

Comoros

Visa on arrival

[40]

Country

Visa requirement

Notes (excluding departure fees)

Republic of the Congo

Visa required

[41]

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Visa required

[42]

Costa Rica

Visa required

[43]

Cte d'Ivoire

Visa required

[44]

Croatia

Visa required

[45]

Cuba

Visa required

[46]

Cyprus

Visa required

[47]

Czech Republic

Visa required

[48]

Schengen Visa required

Denmark

Visa required

[49]

Schengen Visa required

Djibouti

Visa on arrival

[50]

Dominica

Visa not required

[51]

6 months

Dominican

Visa required

[52]

Country

Visa requirement

Notes (excluding departure fees)

Republic

Ecuador

Visa not required

[53]

90 days

Egypt

Visa required

[54]

El Salvador

Visa not required

[55]

90 days

Equatorial Guinea

Visa required

[56]

Eritrea

Visa required

[57]

Estonia

Visa required

[58]

Schengen Visa required

Ethiopia

Visa on arrival

[59]

Fiji

Visa not required

[60]

4 months

Finland

Visa required

[61]

Schengen Visa required

France

Visa required

[62]

Schengen Visa required

Gabon

Visa required

[63]

Gambia

Visa required

[64]

Country

Visa requirement

Notes (excluding departure fees)

Georgia

Visa required

[65]

Germany

Visa required

[66]

Schengen Visa required

Ghana

Visa required

[67]

Greece

Visa required

[68]

Schengen Visa required

Grenada

Visa not required

[69]

3 months

Guatemala

Visa required

[70]

Guinea

Visa required

[71]

GuineaBissau

Visa on arrival

[72]

90 days

Guyana

Visa on arrival

[73]

30 days

Haiti

Visa not required

[74]

3 months

Honduras

Visa required

[75]

Hungary

Visa required

[76]

Schengen Visa required

Iceland

Visa required

[77]

Schengen Visa required

Country

Visa requirement

Notes (excluding departure fees)

Indonesia

Visa on arrival

[78]

30 days

Iran

Visa on arrival

[79]

15 days

Iraq

Visa required

[80]

Visa on arrival for 15 days at Erbil and Sulaymaniyah airports.

Ireland

Visa required

[81]

Short term UK C visa holders can travel to Ireland without a visa under the visa waiver programme

Israel

Visa required

[82]

Italy

Visa required

[83]

Schengen Visa required

Jamaica

Visa not required

[84]

Japan

Visa required

[85]

Jordan

Visa on arrival

[86]

2 weeks, must hold US$ 1000

Kazakhstan

Visa required

[87]

Kenya

Visa on arrival

[88]

3 months

Kiribati

Visa required

[89]

North Korea

Visa required

[90]

Country

Visa requirement

Notes (excluding departure fees)

South Korea

Visa required

[91]

Kuwait

Visa required

[92]

Kyrgyzstan

Visa required

[93]

Laos

Visa on arrival

[94]

30 days

Latvia

Visa required

[95]

Schengen Visa required

Lebanon

Visa required

[96]

Lesotho

Visa required

[97]

Liberia

Visa required

[98]

Libya

Visa required

[99]

Liechtenstein

Visa required

[100]

Lithuania

Visa required

[101]

Schengen Visa required

Luxembourg

Visa required

[102]

Schengen Visa required

Macedonia

Visa required

[103]

Country

Visa requirement

Notes (excluding departure fees)

Madagascar

Visa on arrival

[104]

90 days

Malawi

Visa required

[105]

Malaysia

Visa required

[106]

The Visa on Arrival facility can be used only by those travelling to Malaysia from a third country; namely Singapore and Thailand; holding valid visas for the respective countries and having confirmed [107] return tickets to India.

Maldives

Visa on arrival

[108]

90 days

Mali

Visa required

[109]

Malta

Visa required

[110]

Schengen Visa required

Marshall Islands

Visa required

[111]

Mauritania

Visa required

[112]

Mauritius

Visa not [113] required

90 days

Mexico

Visa required

[114]

180 days

Micronesia

Visa not [115] required

30 days

Country

Visa requirement

Notes (excluding departure fees)

Moldova

Visa required

[116]

Monaco

Visa required

[117]

Mongolia

Visa required

[118]

Montenegro

Visa required

[119]

Morocco

Visa required

[120]

Mozambique

Visa on arrival

[121]

30 days

Myanmar

Visa required

[122]

Visa is obtained online.

[123]

Namibia

Visa required

[124]

Nauru

Visa on arrival

[125]

Nepal

Visa not [126] required

Netherlands

Visa required

[127]

Schengen Visa required

New Zealand

Visa required

[128]

Nicaragua

Visa required

[129]

90 days

Country

Visa requirement

Notes (excluding departure fees)

Niger

Visa required

[130]

Nigeria

Visa required

[131]

Norway

Visa required

[132]

Schengen Visa required

Oman

Visa required

[133]

Pakistan

Visa required

[134]

Palau

Visa on arrival

[135]

30 days

Panama

Visa required

[136]

Papua New Guinea

Visa required

[137]

Paraguay

Visa required

[138]

Peru

Visa required

[139]

Philippines

Visa required

[140]

Holders of PR status from USA, Singapore, UK, Australia or Long term working visa from USA, UK, Singapore, Australia, Japan, [141] Canada, Schengen are exempted

Poland

Visa required

[142]

Schengen Visa required

Country

Visa requirement

Notes (excluding departure fees)

Portugal

Visa required

[143]

Schengen Visa required

Qatar

Visa required

[144]

Romania

Visa required

[145]

Russia

Visa required

[146]

Rwanda

Visa required

[147]

Visa is obtained online.

[148]

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Visa not [149] required

3 months

Saint Lucia

Visa on arrival

[150]

6 weeks

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Visa not [151] required

1 month

Samoa

Entry Permit on [152] arrival

60 days

San Marino

Visa required

[153]

So Tom and Prncipe

Visa required

[154]

Visa is obtained online.

[155]

Country

Visa requirement

Notes (excluding departure fees)

Saudi Arabia

Visa required

[156]

Senegal

Visa required

[157]

Serbia

Visa required

[158]

Seychelles

Visitor's Permit on 1 month [159] arrival

Sierra Leone

Visa required

[160]

Singapore

Visa required

[161]

May obtain online.

[162]

Slovakia

Visa required

[163]

Schengen Visa required

Slovenia

Visa required

[164]

Schengen Visa required

Solomon Islands

Visa required

[165]

Somalia

Visa required

[166]

South Africa

Visa required

[167]

South Sudan

Visa required

[168]

Country

Visa requirement

Notes (excluding departure fees)

Spain

Visa required

[169]

Schengen Visa required

Sri Lanka

Electronic Travel [170] Authorization

30 days

Sudan

Visa required

[171]

Suriname

Visa required

[172]

Swaziland

Visa required

[173]

Sweden

Visa required

[174]

Schengen Visa required

Switzerland

Visa required

[175]

Schengen Visa required

Syria

Visa required

[176]

Tajikistan

Visa on arrival

[177]

45 days

Tanzania

Visa on arrival

[178]

Thailand

Visa on arrival

[179]

15 days

Timor-Leste

Visa on arrival

[180]

30 days

Togo

Visa on arrival

[181]

7 days

Country

Visa requirement

Notes (excluding departure fees)

Tonga

Visa required

[182]

Trinidad and Tobago

Visa not [183] required

90 days

Tunisia

Visa required

[184]

Not required for tours organised by a travel agency.

Turkey

Visa required

[185]

Visa is issued on arrival for Indian passport holders with a valid UK, Schengen or US visa

Turkmenistan

Visa required

[186]

Tuvalu

Visa on arrival

[187]

1 month

Uganda

Visa on arrival

[188]

Ukraine

Visa required

[189]

United Arab Emirates

Visa required

[190]

United Kingdom

Visa required

[191]

United States

Visa required

[192]

Country

Visa requirement

Notes (excluding departure fees)

Uruguay

Visa required

[193]

Uzbekistan

Visa required

[194]

Vanuatu

Visa not [195] required

30 days

Vatican City

Visa required

[196]

Venezuela

Visa required

[197]

Vietnam

Visa required

[198]

Yemen

Visa required

[199]

Zambia

Visa required

[200]

Zimbabwe

Visa required

[201]

Territories[edit]
Visa requirements for Indian citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:

Europe

Visitor to

Visa requirement

Notes (excluding departure fees)

Abkhazia

Visa [202] required

Mount Athos

Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, Special permit 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). required There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 [203][204] non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.

Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus

Visa not required

3 months

[205][206]

UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus

Access Permit Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, [207] required except Civil Use Areas.

Faroe Islands

Visa [208] required

Gibraltar

Visa [209] required

Guernsey

Visa [210] required

Isle of Man

Visa [211] required

Jan Mayen

Permit [212] required

Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less [213] than 24 hours and permit issued by the Norwegian [214] police for staying for more than 24 hours.

Jersey

Visa [215] required

Kosovo

Visa [216] required

Nagorno-Karabakh Republic

Travellers with Nagorno-Karabakh visa (expired or valid) or Visa [217][218] evidence of travel to Nagorno-Karabakh (stamps) will be required [219] permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.

Russia

Special authorization required

Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special [220] authorization.

South Ossetia

Visa not required

Multiple entry visa to Russia and three day prior notification [221][222] are required to enter South Ossetia.

Transnistria

Visa not required

Registration required after 24h.

[223][224]

Africa

Visitor to

Visa requirement

Notes (excluding departure fees)

British Indian Ocean Special permit [225] Special permit required. Territory required

Eritrea outside Asmara

Travel permit required

To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for [226] Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).

Ascension Island

Entry Permit required

Entry Permit must be obtained minimum 28 days in advance [227] (3 months for 20/30 pounds sterling, single/double entry).

Saint Helena

Visitor's Pass

Visitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days

required

for 12/14/16/20/25 pound sterling.

[228]

Tristan da Cunha

Permission required

Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible [229] Island or Nightingale Islands.

Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory.

Somaliland

Visa on arrival 30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival.

[230][231]

Sudan

Travel permit required

All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.

Darfur

Travel permit required

Separate travel permit is required.

[232]

Asia

Visitor to

Visa requirement

Notes (excluding departure fees)

Hong Kong

Visa not required

14 days

[233]

Kazakhstan

Special permission required

Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town [234] of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.

Kish Island

Visa not required

Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.

[235]

Macao

Visa not required

30 days

[236]

Sabah and Sarawak

Visa required

These states have their own immigration authorities and passport is required to travel to them, however the same visa [237] applies.

Maldives

Permission required

With the exception of the capital Mal, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express [238] permission of the Government of Maldives.

Palestine

Visa not [239] required

Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.

[240]

Taiwan

Visa [241] required

Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province

OIVR permit required

OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake [242][243][244] Sarez.

Tibet Autonomous Region

TTP required

Tibet Travel Permit required (10 US Dollars).

[245][246][247]

Korean Demilitarized Zone

Restricted zone.

UNDOF Zone and Ghajar

Restricted zone.

Yemen

Special permission required

Special permission needed for travel [248] outside Sanaa or Aden.

Caribbean and North Atlantic

Visitor to

Visa requirement

Notes (excluding departure fees)

Anguilla

Visa [249] required

Aruba

Visa [250] required

Bermuda

Visa [251] required

Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba

Visa [252] required

British Virgin Islands

Visa not [253] required

Cayman Islands

Visa [254] required

Curacao

Visa [255] required

French Guiana

Visa [256] required

French West Indies

Visa [257] required

French West Indies refers to Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin and Saint Barthlemy.

Greenland

Visa [258] required

Montserrat

Visa online

Visa valid for a year is obtainable online.

[259][260]

Puerto Rico

Visa [261] required

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

Visa required

Sint Maarten

Visa [262] required

Turks and Caicos Islands

Visa not required

30 days

[263]

U.S. Virgin Islands

Visa [264] required

Oceania

Visitor to

Visa requirement

Notes (excluding departure fees)

Ashmore and Cartier Islands

Special authorisation required

Special authorisation required.

[265]

Clipperton Island

Special permit [266] Special permit required. required

Cook Islands

Visa not required

31 days

[267]

Lau Province

Special permission required

Special permission required.

[268]

French Polynesia

Visa [269] required

Guam

Visa [270] required

Niue

Visa on arrival 30 days

[271]

Pitcairn Islands

Visa not required

14 days visa free and landing fee 35 USD or tax of 5 USD if [272][273][274] not going ashore.

Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland United States Minor Special permits Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Outlying Islands required [275][276][277][278][279][280][281] Atoll,Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.

South Atlantic and Antarctica

Visitor to

Visa requirement

Notes (excluding departure fees)

Falkland Islands

Visa [282] required

South Georgia and the South Sandwich

Permit required

Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 [283][284] hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).

Islands

Antarctica

Special permits required for British Antarctic Territory, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Argentine Antarctica, Australian Antarctic Territory, Chilean Antarctic Territory, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Peter I Island, Queen Maud Land, Ross [285][286][287][288][289][290][291][292][293][294][295][296] Dependency.

Vaccination[edit]