Eastern Defense Command

New York-Philadelphia Sector New York Subsector The Harbor Defenses of New York
I am responsible for the safety of twenty-million people and the industrial heart of the nation BG Gage, Commanding, HD NY Ma or !rm" #nits at $ort Hancock% Hq an Hq Btry, Harbor Defenses of New York 7th Coast Artillery (less nd Battalion! "#th Coast Arty $eg (HD! (%ess &rd Bn! '#th Coast Arty $eg (HD! (min(s! A Battery, ))th Coast Artillery Battalion ($ailway! #th *ine +lanter Battery (,-*+ .rd! /0th *ine +lanter Battery /#/st -tation Hos1ital 0#th .rdnan2e Com1any ($ailway Artillery! //&th 3nfantry $egiment (HHC at 4t5 Han2o2k, rest s1read aro(nd so(thern NY6N76D8!

Chain of Command
& & & & & & & & & & +resident of the ,-9 4ranklin Delano $oose:elt ;i2e +resident of the ,-9 Henry <alla2e -e2retary of <ar9 Henry %ewis -timson Army Chief of -taff9 General George C *arshall 8astern Defense Command Commander9 %=G George Gr(nert NY9+hila -e2tor Commander9 *G Homer NY -(b -e2tor6HDNY Commander9 BG +hilli1 - Gage Ambrose Gro(1ment6 "#th CA Commander9 Col Haw "th Bn5 "#th CA Commander9 %=C -hawn <el2h Battery 8 "#th CA Commander9 C+= 7onathan +rostak

4ort Han2o2k, N7
4ort Han2o2k is named in honor of the memory of *a>or General <infield -2ott Han2o2k, ,-5 Army, who ser:ed with distin2tion in the *e?i2an <ar and the Ci:il war, and who died 0 4ebr(ary /))'5 3t was named 4ort Han2o2k &@ .2tober /)0#, ha:ing 1re:io(sly been known as the 4ortifi2ations of -andy Hook5 =he 4ort is sit(ated on -andy Hook, New 7ersey g(arding the o(ter entran2e to New York Harbor5 =he first 1ar2el of land for the site was a2q(ired by the Go:ernment in9/7' at that time for a lightho(se, and additional 1ar2els were s(bseq(ently a2q(ired (ntil the reser:ation was e?1anded to its 1resent siAe5 Constr(2tion of the a2t(al fortifi2ations began ill /)0@ on the site of the old mine 2asemate that dated from /))@5 =he 1ermanent garrison was not established (ntil /)0) (nder 2ommand of %ie(tenant Colonel =(lly *2Crea of the 4ifth Artillery5

Plottin' (oom and $ire Control

Cases of Pointin'
Case ) +ointing in whi2h both dire2tion and ele:ation were gi:en at the g(n by means sight 1ointed at the target5 All firing data is determined by the g(n 2rew5 Case )) +ointing in whi2h dire2tion was gi:en at the g(n by means of a sight 1ointed at the target and ele:ation by means of a range dis2 with all data s(11lied by the range se2tion5 Case ))) +ointing in whi2h dire2tion was gi:en the g(n by means of an aAim(th 2ir2le or of a sight 1ointed at an aiming 1oint other than the target and ele:ation by range dis25 All range and dire2tion data gi:en by the range se2tion5 Plottin' (oom Detail *pa'e +,--+,./ $M 0-.1/ No2 .30+4% +lotter (NC.3C!5 No5 /, ang(lar tra:el de:i2e o1erator (2ase 33 only!5 (Not needed when defle2tion board *l is (sed5! No5 , 1rimary arm setter5 No5 &, se2ondary arm setter5 No5 ", set9forward de:i2e o1erator5 No5 #, range 2orre2tion board o1erator5 No5 ', 1er2entage 2orre2tor o1erator5 No5 7, defle2tion board o1erator5 No5 ), assistant defle2tion board o1erator (note /!5 No5 0, s1otting board o1erator5 Nos5 /@ and //, assistant s1otting board o1erators (note !5 No5 / , s1otting board re2order (note &!5 No5 /&, fire ad>(stment board o1erator (range!5 No, /", fire ad>(stment board o1erator (lateral!5 Nos5 /# and /', re2orders (notes " and #!5 N.=8-9 /5 No5 ) is (sed only when the defle2tion board *l is em1loyed5 5 <ith some s1otting boards only one assistant is ne2essary5 &5 =he s1otting board re2order f(lfills the im1ortant f(n2tion of re2ording the range and aAim(th of the set9forward 1oint or setting on the s1otting board at the 1ro1er time5 "5 -(ffi2ient re2orders are ne2essary to ins(re 2om1lete and a22(rate re2ord kee1ing of drill and target 1ra2ti2es5 Nos5 /# and /' are reg(larly assigned members of the 1lotting room detail5 <hen they are not req(ired for re2ording 1(r1oses they may be gi:en other d(ties5 =hey sho(ld be trained as alternates for any 1osition 3n the 1lotting room5 #5 <here the data transmission system *# is (sed, fo(r o1erators are req(ired5

Plottin' (oom Drill

FM 4-15, Fire Control and Position Findin
/! Battery Commander alerts the battery, assigns target, and as .bser:ers re1ort B555555, .n =argetB, 2ommands B=$ACCB5 ! +lotter ($ange Detail NC.3C! or Battery 8?e2 ($ange Detail .3C! CommandsD BA11ro?imate DataB on first hearing B=$ACCB (+lot fo(r s(22ess lo2ations of the target shi1 9 re1eat ste1s a92 fo(r times! a! BE Arm -etter sets arm to data from BE obser:er b! BE E Arm -etter sets arm to data from BE E obser:er 2! +lotter (ses the =A$G to 1lot the 1oint on 1lotting board onion skin &! +lotter 2ommands BC%8A$ =H8 B.A$DB "! +lotter meas(res distan2e between first and last reading and 2al2(lates target tra:el s1eed #! No5 " 2al2(lates target tra:el s1eed '! +lotter meas(res and 1lots 1osition of target at instant of firing 7! +lotter meas(res distan2e from g(ns to 1osition of target at instant of firing )! No57 Cal2(lates =ime of 4light 0! No5" 2al2(lates tra:el of target from instant of firing to arri:al of shell 9 -et 4orward +oint /@! +lotter 1lots -et 4orward +oint5 //! +lotter meas(res distan2e on g(n arm to -et 4orward +oint / ! No5 reads aAim(th on g(n arm to -et 4orward +oint

/&! $ange +er2entage Board .1erator555555

5-inch M.3-- Seacoast (ifle )nfo

'9in2h */0@@ -ea2oast $ifle on */0@@ Barbette Carriage 6arbette Carria'e M.3-=otal weight of 2arriage witho(t shield 9 &),@@@ lbs =otal weight of 2arriage, g(n and shield 9 "#,#') /bs Diameter of em1la2ement 9 /0 feet $e2oil =y1e9 Hydro 9 s1ring N(mber of hydra(li2 2ylinders 9 / .rifi2es 9 & groo:e Normal length of re2oil 9 /" in5 =ra:erse 9 &'@ degrees .ne hand wheel t(rn 9 57) degrees 8ffort req(ired to tra:erse 9 /@lbs .1eration 9 *an(al *a?im(m ele:ation 9 @ degrees (&##5# mils! (ate of $ire F G .ne ro(nd e:ery /# se2onds G ) ro(nds 1er min(te for two g(n battery !mmunitionD

5-inch M.3-- (ifle Details and Posts

FM 4-!5, "er#i$e of the Pie$e %-in$h &arbette 'un
Total in Section: 28 Enlisted 1 Officer Total Gun Section: 15 Enlisted (2 NCOs) Total Ammo Section: 12 Enlisted (1 NCO)

6atteries 7unnison8New Peck

5-inch M.3-- (ifle 9oadin' Drill

FM 4-!5, "er#i$e of the Pie$e %-in$h &arbette 'un
/! Chief of -e2tion 2ommandsD %.AD a! <H8N $8ADY 9 $ange -etter $e1ortsD B$ange -etB (Case 33 and Case 333! b! <H8N $8ADY 9 G(n +ointer re1ortsD BAAim(th -etB (Case 333 only 9 tells G(n Commander he 2an fire on =3 bell on2e g(n is loaded! &! No5 / (brea2h detail! o1ens the bree2h5 "! No5 & (2hief of brea2h! As soon as the bree2h is o1en after firing, he remo:es the old 1rimer, 2lears the :ent, and 2leans the 1rimer seat5 #! No5 (brea2h detail! wi1es off the m(shroom head and gas 2he2k seat5

'! No5 0 Di1s the 2hamber s1onge in the liq(id for s1onging and allows the e?2ess liq(id to r(n off5 As soon as the bree2hblo2k o1ened after ea2h shot, s1onges the 2hamber q(i2kly5 7! No5 (brea2h detail! inserts the loading tray in the bree2h re2ess, being 2aref(l not to b(r or damage the threads in the bree2h5

)! No5 # or ' (1ro>e2tile detail! inserts a 1ro>e2tile in the bree2h5 0! No5 " (rammer detail! 1la2es the head of the rammer against the base of the 1ro>e2tile and rams it firmly into its seat5 /@! No5 (brea2h detail! withdraws the loading tray5

//! No5 7 or ) (1owder detail! 1la2es the 1owder tray with 1owder 2harge in the bree2h re2ess and No5 1(shes the 1owder into the 2hamber by hand to s(2h distan2e that the bree2h in 2losing will gi:e the 2harge a final 1(sh into the 2hamber5 / ! No5 / (brea2h detail! Closes the brea2h5 /&! No5 & (2hief of brea2h! 3nserts the 1rimer after the bree2hblo2k is 2losed and lo2ked and lowers the leaf of the firing de:i2e 2om1letely downJ hooks the lanyard (if firing non9ele2tri2! before the 1rimer is insertedJ 1(lls the lanyard at the 2ommand 43$8 from g(n 1ointer or (1on hearing the third strike of the =3 bell5 /"! CA-8 33 .N%Y 9 G(n Commander 2ommandsD $8ADY (tells g(n 1ointer he 2an fire when ready!

5-inch M.3-- (ifle Duties

FM 4-!5, "er#i$e of the Pie$e %-in$h &arbette 'un
6!TTE(Y E:EC#T);E59 =he battery e?e2(ti:e 2ommands the firing se2tion of the battery and is in 2harge of the g(n em1la2ements and a22essories5 He is res1onsible to the battery 2ommander for the training and effi2ien2y of the 1ersonnel of the firing se2tion, for the 2ondition of the mat'riel and amm(nition (nder his 2harge, for the obser:an2e of all safety 1re2a(tions 1ertaining to the ser:i2e of the 1ie2e, and for the 1oli2e of the em1la2ements5 !SS)ST!NT 6!TTE(Y E:EC#T);E59=he assistant battery e?e2(ti:e 1erforms the d(ties of the battery e?e2(ti:e insofar as they 1ertain to the em1la2ement or em1la2ements to whi2h he is assigned5 CH)E$ <$ SECT)<N59a5 =he 2hief of se2tion (g(n 2ommander!, a non2ommissioned offi2er, is in 2ommand of the g(n se2tion and g(n sq(ad5 He s(1er:ises the ser:i2e of the 1ie2e and the ser:i2e of amm(nition, and 1ersonally dire2ts the work of 2are and 1reser:ation at the em1la2ement to whi2h his se2tion is assigned5 He is res1onsible to the offi2er in 2harge of the em1la2ement for the training and effi2ien2y of the 1ersonnel of his se2tion, for the 2ondition of the mat'riel and amm(nition (nder his 2harge, for the obser:an2e of all safety 1re2a(tions at the em1la2ement, and for the 1oli2e of the em1la2ement5 He kee1s a re2ord of the n(mber of ro(nds fired by his g(n, showing the date and a11ro?imate time, in order that the em1la2ement book may be ke1t 1osted a22(rately and (1 to date5 7#N P<)NTE(59=he g(n 1ointer is 2harged with the d(ty of 1ointing the 1ie2e in dire2tion5 He is res1onsible to the g(n 2ommander for the 1ro1er o1eration, 2are, and ad>(stment of the sight, the tra:ersing me2hanism, and the ele2tri2 firing me2hanism and 2ir2(it (if (sed!5 4or detailed d(ties, see drill table, se2tion ;335 (!N7E SETTE(=-The range setter is 2harged with the d(ty of laying the 1ie2e in range5 He is res1onsible to the g(n 2ommander for the 1ro1er o1eration, 2are, and ad>(stment of the ele:ating me2hanism5 4or detailed d(ties, see drill table, se2tion ;335 CH)E$ <$ 6(EECH59=he 2hief of bree2h (No5 &! is res1onsible to the g(n 2ommander for the effi2ien2y of the 1ersonnel of the bree2h detail5 He is s1e2ially 2harged with the obser:an2e of safety 1re2a(tions insofar as they 1ertain to his detail5 He listens for the e?1losion of the 1rimer whi2h may be a(dible if the 1owder 2harge fails to e?1lode5 4or detailed d(ties, see drill table, se2tion ;335 D)SP9!Y 6<!(D <PE(!T<(S59995 =he defle2tion (aAim(th! and range dis1lay board o1erators are res1onsible to the g(n 2ommander for the 1ro1er o1eration of the dis1lay boards and re2ording of all data re2ei:ed from the 1lotting room5 (EC<(DE(S59a5 =he defle2tion (aAim(th! re2order and the range re2order are res1onsible for the 2he2king and re2ording of all defle2tions (aAim(ths! and ranges, res1e2ti:ely, set on the g(n5

5-inch M.3-- (ifle Duties

FM 4-!5, "er#i$e of the Pie$e %-in$h &arbette 'un
CH)E$ <$ !MM#N)T)<N59a5 =he 2hief of amm(nition (non2ommissioned offi2er! is res1onsible to the 2hief of se2tion for the effi2ien2y of the 1ersonnel of his sq(ad, for the 2are of the amm(nition and amm(nition9handling a11arat(s, for the (ninterr(1ted ser:i2e of amm(nition, for the obser:an2e of all safety 1re2a(tions in the 2are and ser:i2e of amm(nition, and for the 1oli2e of the magaAines and galleries (nder his 2harge5 He kee1s a re2ord of all amm(nition re2ei:ed into or deli:ered from the magaAines and galleries (nder his 2harge, e?er2ising 1arti2(lar 2are that the 1ro>e2tiles, f(ses, and 1owder 2harges are listed (nder 1ro1er name and ty1e5 He kee1s the 2hief of se2tion informed regarding the amm(nition on hand and re1orts any defe2ts fo(nd5 !MM#N)T)<N S>#!D59=he 2hief of amm(nition di:ides the si? 2annoneers of the amm(nition sq(ad into two details, the 1ro>e2tile detail and the 1owder detail5 =he siAe of ea2h detail de1ends on lo2al 2onditions and is determined by the battery 2ommander5 a( Pro)e$tile detail.-The 2hief of amm(nition designates one of the 2annoneers as 2hief of detail who s(1er:ises the work of the detail5 +re:io(s to and d(ring firing, the detail mo:es 1ro>e2tiles from the magaAine to the ser:ing table, 2arrying the 1ro>e2tiles by hand if the battery is not eq(i11ed with hoists5 3n addition, the detail maintains the amm(nition and amm(nition9 handling a11arat(s, and 1oli2es the magaAines and 2orridors5 b. Powder detail.-The 2hief of amm(nition designates one of the 2annoneers as 2hief of detail who s(1er:ises the work of the detail5 =he detail kee1s a re2ord of all 1ertinent data in2l(ding weights of 2harges, lot n(mber of 1owder, and tem1erat(re of magaAines5 3n the ser:i2e of 1owder, the detail remo:es from the 2ontainer the 1owder 2harge whi2h is to be ser:ed to the g(n for the ne?t ro(nd, 1la2es it with igniter end to the rear on a 1owder tray, remo:es the 1owder tag and sees that the 1owder bag is not defe2ti:e5 =he detail 2arries the loaded tray to the em1la2ement and t(rns it o:er to the 1owder9ser:ing detail of the g(n sq(ad, and re2ei:es an em1ty tray to be bro(ght ba2k to the magaAine for reloading5 3n addition, the detail maintains the 1owder9handling de:i2es and assists the 1ro>e2tile detail5

HECP and 6atter" 7unnison8New Peck

=a2ti2al K# (Battery G(nnison6New +e2k! is tasked as the e?amination battery for Ad:an2e Harbor 8ntran2e Control +ost K/5 =he batteries d(ties are as followsD =he 8?amination Battery is for the 1(r1ose of s(11orting the 8?amination ;essel (Ambrose %ight -hi1! and is designated by the Army Commander of Harbor Defenses5 3t is in 2onstant readiness to Lbring9toM :essels whi2h fail to 2om1ly with orders from the L8?amination ;esselM and largely to enfor2e obedien2e to the restri2tions im1osed in the 1ro2ed(res for 2ond(2ting the e?amination of entering :essels5 =he g(ns of the 8?am Battery sho(ld always be manned and ready for immediate a2tion5 A g(n sho(ld be ke1t trained on an in2oming :essel (ntil she has hoisted the 2orre2t Ls1e2ial signalM whi2h will indi2ate that she HA- been 1assed as friendly BY the 8?amining .ffi2er or that she HA- been 1la2ed in (in NO! (nder 2ontrol of an armed g(ard5 A few ro(nds of Plugged Shell sho(ld be ke1t a:ailable near the g(n to Lbring toM :essels, b(t se1arate from the ser:i2e amm(nition, so that there may be no danger of 2onf(sing them5 =he 8?am Battery sho(ld be kee1 a station wat2h on the 8?amination ;essel and on mer2hant :essels entering the 1ort5 All offi2ers and enlisted men manning the 8?amination Battery sho(ld know the 1osition and limit of the 8?amination An2horage, mine fields , net, booms, dangero(s areas, 1rohibited an2horages, et25 =he res1onsibility for o1ening fire with the 8?am Battery or any other shore battery manned by the Army rests with the Army, b(t the H8C+ or the 8?amination ;essel may req(est the 1ro1er Army A(thorities to o1en fire if s(2h is deemed ne2essary to enfor2e the reg(lations for the 2ontrol of traffi2 entering the 1ort5 A req(est to Lbring9toM a :essel sho(ld (nhesitatingly be made (nder the following 2ir2(mstan2esD a! b! 3f the in2oming :essel disregards the orders signaled to her by the 8?amination ;essel5 -ho(ld a :essel disregard a warning shot a2ross the bow, the 8?am Battery sho(ld o1en fire with shell on her and this sho(ld be a signal for other batteries to o1en fire also5

E?am 6atter" !lert Schedule )nfo

/! =he s2hed(le of ready d(ty batteries and sear2hlights herein are effe2ti:e at @)@@, / *ay /0"&5 Batteries, se2tions, and light deta2hments will stand relie:ed only when 2leared by the Army D(ty .ffi2er, Ad:an2e H8C+ No5/5 ! Battery No5 # (Battery G(nnison! will o1erate all A%8$= No5 / d(ties and 2hallenge f(n2tions for Ad:an2e H8C+ No5/5 =he range and firing se2tions, Battery C, "#th Coast Artillery, and Battery B, '#th Coast Artillery, will o1erate (nder A%8$= No5 / 2ontin(o(sly5 Batteries D and 4, '#th Coast Artillery, will alternate 9A d(ties5 Alert d(ties will be ass(med at @)@@ on dates s2hed(led5 &! -ear2hlights as indi2ated in 1aragra1h 7b below will be on a three (&! min(te alert d(ring ho(rs of darkness5 .ther lights will be on a ten (/@! min(te alert5 All sear2hlights will be tested 1rior to d(sk (1on arri:al at stations and re1orted to the Harbor 8ntran2e Control +ost5 -ho(ld any light not be in order, f(ll details will be gi:en at the time of the re1ort to the Harbor 8ntran2e Control +ost5 a5 +ower 1lants on the three (&! min(te alert will be ke1t at o1erating tem1erat(res5 +ower 1lants of other lights need not be ke1t at o1erating tem1erat(res after initial testing of lights5 b5 =ele1hone o1erators of lights only on three (&! min(te stat(s will be alert near the tele1hone5 %ight details on ten (/@! min(te stat(s need not remain awake 1ro:ided they 2an be alerted in s(ffi2ient time to 1la2e the lights is se2tion within ten (/@! min(tes after re2ei1t of an alert5 25 =wenty9fo(r ho(r se2(rity g(ards will be maintained at all lights e?2e1t where s1e2ifi2ally e?em1ted by this headq(arters5 "! All batteries, se2tions, and deta2hments on ready d(ty stat(s will be thoro(ghly familiar with the following -.+ for 8?amination6 $eady D(ty Batteries5

E?am 6atter" Procedures

/5 Alerting of Batteries F =he 8?amination Battery *aintains one (/! g(n 2rew and, s(ffi2ient range 1ersonnel to se2(re ne2essary firing data on a twenty9fo(r ( "! ho(r alert basis5 =he g(n 2rew remains at ease in tents or s(rr2(nd/ng area of the G(n em1la2ement5 3f the Harbor 8ntran2e Control +ost D(ty .ffi2er obser:es that the Na:y is ha:ing diffi2(lty d(ring 2hallenging o1erations, he will order the range 2rew to tra2k the shi1 being 2hallenged5 <hen the Na:y gi:es the shi1 orders to halt, the g(n 2rew will be alerted to man the g(n5 5 Assignment of =arget F the G(ardshi1 notifies the H8C+ at 4ort <adsworth by radio of shi1s failing to sto1 when ordered5 A bre:ity 2ode is (sed gi:ing the 2lass of shi1 and its lo2ation (%o2al rid 2ode!5 =he D(ty .ffi2er immediately relo2ates the target and gi:es the 1osition to the battery in aAim(th and range5 <hen 1ossible, by obser:ation, the following additional information is gi:enJ P a! Hoist being flown, dire2tion of sailing, if there is more than one (/! shi1 in the area, and the 1osition of the shi1 in the 2ol(mn5 3n order to assist other 1ersonnel of the battery not ha:ing oriented instr(ments, the n(mber of the nearest b(oy to the shi1 is also gi:en5 A ty1i2al order is as followsD P Target 1 YMS azimuth 3600 mills, Range 6000 yards as ! 1300, inb und "mbr se #hannel, near bu y $%, & ist '"S, !ire 1 bring-t sh t (ith inert ammuniti n). P b! 3n the e:ent the target has 1re:io(sly been assigned to the range 2rew, the des2ri1tion and lo2ation of the target are not re1eated5 4or destr(2tion fire, the order gi:en isD P *estru+ti n !ire (ith arm r ,ier+ing -high e.,l si/e0 ammuniti n, begin !iring). &5 D(ring the 1ro2ess of tra2king, the 1osition of the target was :erified by se2(ring sim(ltaneo(sly 1lots from H8C+ K/, the 8?amination Battery, and if 1ossible, the G(ard -hi15P "5 =he Battery has a standing order to immediately tra2k fast mo:ing targets, +=Qs, s(bmarines and am1hibio(s 2raft5 =he obser:er m(st kee1 the G(ardshi1 (nder s(r:eillan2e for any ty1e of signal at all times5

HECP@.- E?am ;essel

$ort Hancock 6atteries

(/! F Constr(2tion N(mber /0 %o2ated at Na:esink Highlands5
A A A A =wo '9in2h /0@&A mo(nted on -hielded Barbette Carriage (-BC! $ange 7,#@@ yards5 ,nder 2onstr(2tion by ) 7(ly /0" 5 +roof firing s2hed(led for ) A(g(st /0"&5

( ! 9 %8<3- (Const No5 //'! %o2ated at Na:esink Highlands5

A A A =wo /'B 9*C */ BC $ange "",@@@ yards5 ,nder 2onstr(2tion / 7(ne /0" 5 +roof 4iring s2hed(led De2ember /0"&

(&! 9 C3NG*AN (2!

A A A A A / B 9/)0#*/ BC $ange 0,&@@ yards5 <ork on 2asemating started / A(g(st /0"/5 Casemating is 2om1leted &@ A1ril /0" 5 3n Class BBB /" No:ember /0" 5RR

("! 9 *3%%- (2!

A A A A A / B 9/)0#*/ BC $ange 0,&@@ yards5 <ork on 2asemating started /& A1ril /0" 5 Casemating 2om1leted by &/ .2tober /0" 5 3n Class BBB /" No:ember /0" 5RR

$3CHA$D-.N (@!
A A A A / B 9/)0#*/ DC $estored to Class BAB / 7(ne /0"/5 3n r(st 1re:entati:e A(g(st /0" 5 3n Class BCB & No:ember /0" 5RR

B%..*438%D
=wo / 9in2h *)))*/ DC $e:erted from Class BCB to Class BAB / 7(ne 3n r(st 1re:entati:e A(g5 /0" 5 3n Class BCB & No:ember /0" 5

A%8IAND8$ =wo / 9in2h */)))* DC Class BCL in /0"@ .rdered t(rned o:er to ordnan2e for sal:age /0" 5
1atteries (ith Ta+ti+al 2umbers -$0 are ,ermanent batteries, th se (ith ut -$0 (ill be

$ort Hancock 6atteries

HA%%8CC
.

Coast !rtiller" Definitions

Coast Artillery Distri2tD A Coast Artillery Distri2t is a ta2ti2al 2ommand whi2h in2l(des all harbor defenses lo2ated within a s1e2ifi2 area DesignationsD Coast Artillery Distri2ts are designated as followsD 4irst Coast Artillery Distri2t -e2ond Coast Artillery Distri2t =hird Coast Artillery Distri2t 4o(rth Coast Artillery Distri2t Ninth Coast Artillery Distri2t =he 4irst to 4o(rth Coast Artillery Distri2ts 2o:er the 2oastline of the 8astern ,nited -tates and the Ninth Coast Artillery Distri2t the +a2ifi2 Coastline of the ,nited -tates5 =he designation of Coast Artillery Distri2ts is s(s1ended for d(ration of 1resent emergen2y5 Bo(ndaryD (-e2ond Coast Artillery Distri2t!D =he northern bo(ndary Nant(2ket -hoals %ightshi1, -hinne2o2k %ight, both in2l(si:eJ longit(de 7 0 west, Conne2ti2(t9New York bo(ndary (in %ong 3sland -o(nd and on mainland!5 =he -o(thern bo(ndary is <inter S(arter -hoal %ightshi15 3n2l(si:eJ so(thern and western bo(ndary of Delaware5 =he 4irst Coast Artillery Distri2t lies to the north of the -e2ond Coast Artillery Distri2t and the =hird Coast Artillery Distri2t lies to the so(th of the -e2ond Coast Artillery Distri2t5 Defense CommandD =he Defense 2ommand is a territorial agen2y, within the 2ontinental ,nited -tates, with a11ro1riate staff designated to 2oordinate or 1re1are and to initiate the e?e2(tion of all 1lans for the em1loyment of Army for2es and installations in defense against enemy a2tion in the 1ortion of the ,nited -tates lying within the 2ommand bo(ndaries5 ($ef5 4* &/9/@! -e2torD A se2tor is one of the s(bdi:isions of a defense 2ommand5 (New York9 +hiladel1hia -e2tor is 2(rrently 9 a 1art of the 8astern Defense Command5! ($ef5 4* &//@!5 -(bse2torD A s(bse2tor is one of the s(bdi:isions of a se2tor5 (New York9 +hiladel1hia se2tor is made (1 of New York -(bse2tor and +hiladel1hia -(bse2tor5 %o2al -e2torsD A lo2al se2tor is one of the s(bdi:isions of s(bse2tor5 (%o2al s(bse2tors in +hiladel1hia -(bse2tor are Delaware %o2al -e2tor and -o(thern New 7ersey %o2al se2tor5 %o2al se2tors in New York -(bse2tor are Northern New 7ersey %o2al and %ong 3sland %o2al -e2tor 5

7eneral Coast !rt" Bnowled'e

Purpose of Coastal $rontier Defense=
=he meas(res and o1erations in Coastal 4rontier Defense are for the 1(r1ose ofD (/! ( ! (&! ("! +rote2ting shi11ing in the 2oastal Aones5 +rote2ting o(r military and 2i:il installations and fa2ilities5 +re:enting in:asion of ,nited -tates territory from o:erseas5 3ns(ring the se2(rity of those 1ortions of o(r 2oastal frontiers whi2h are :ital to military, Eind(strial, and 2ommer2ial o1erations5

Atta2ks 2lassified5 *a>or o1erations 9 those e?e2(ted for the 1(r1ose of in:asion and *inor .1erations 9 or raids against shi11ing or shore ob>e2ti:es (esponsibilit" of the !rm" on the 2oast is defense of the 2oast, defense of 1ermanent na:al bases, and 1rote2tion of the ,nited -tates from internal disorder5 Specific functions of the !rm" in coastal defense 5 35 =o 1ro:ide and o1erate the mobile land and air for2es req(ired for the dire2t defense of the 2oast5 5 =o 1ro:ide, maintain and o1erate essential harbor defenses in 2arrying o(t these f(n2tions, the Army will 1ro:ide and o1erate, or maintain5 G(ns on land, both fi?ed and mobile, with ne2essary sear2hlights and fire 2ontrol installations, Air2raft o1erating in s(11ort of harbor defensesJ in general 2oastal frontier defenseJ in s(11ort of or in lie( of na:al for2es5 &5 A 2omm(ni2ation and intelligen2e system to in2l(de an air2raft warning ser:i2e, among the elements of the land defense with 1ro:isions for the 1rom1t e?2hange of information or instr(2tions with the Na:y5 "5 Controlled mines and their a11(rtenan2es, in2l(ding the :essels ne2essary for their installation and maintenan2e5 5. Bea2h defense together with :essels ne2essary for its installation, maintenan2e and 1atrol5R '5 4i?ed (nderwater obstr(2tions in 2onne2tion with 2ontrolled mine barrages5 75 Additional mobile for2es req(ired in a22ordan2e with the sit(ation5

Cate'ories <f Defense

=he 2ategories of defense as em1loyed by the 8astern Defense Command and New York9+hiladel1hia -e2tor fall in two gro(1s5 =he one is designated by n(mbers 9 /, , &, 9 and the other by letters 9 A, B, C, et25 <hile these is a 2onne2tion between the two, they are designed to meet two distin2t needs5 =he lettered 2ategories are set by the <ar De1artment a22ording to definitions laid down by 7oint A2tion Army9 Na:y, /0&#, and are based on e?1e2tan2y and intensity of enemy assa(lt as determined by military intelligen2e5 =hey are a11lied to the 2oastline or military area 2on2erned in general5 Condition .ne, =wo or =hree are determined by the ta2ti2al 2ommand on the s2ene and may be a11lied to -(bse2tor, Harbor Defense or s1e2ifi2 armament5 3t also 2o(ld be a11lied to -e2tor or Defense Command b(t an atta2k of that s2o1e wo(ld a11ear to be witho(t the realm of 1robability in any 2ase5 =he (se of n(mbered 2ategories ob:iates the ne2essity of detailed or lengthy orders to meet an emergen2y or atta2k by an enemy5 =he (se of one 2ategory 2lassifi2ation does not ne2essarily demand the (se of another5 4or e?am1le Category 8 re1resents the greatest danger for the military area to whi2h it is a11lied5 B(t the a11li2ation of Category 8 does not 1(t all elements in9Condition9one . 3tTs ob:io(s that a state of readiness that 2an be maintained for only a limited time sho(ld be (sed 2aref(lly if the military 1ersonnel strength is not one to be dissi1ated before the atta2k is de:elo1ed5 .n the other hand Category A re1resents a 2ondition in whi2h the area is determined to be free from atta2k55 Howe:er it is 1ossible that an isolated enemy raid may be made on installation that wo(ld throw the Harbor Defense or armament 2on2erned into 2ondition one5 =o ill(strate5 3f an enemy for2e in strength sho(ld be o1erating in the waters off Greenland, ha:ing o22(1ied 32eland as a base, the 8astern -eaboard wo(ld no do(bt be thrown into Category 8 b(t at the same time no defense wo(ld ne2essarily be 1(t in Condition .ne5 Howe:er, no Harbor Defense wo(ld be any less 1re1ared for a2tion than demanded by Condition =wo5 3n this 2ase Condition .ne wo(ld not be established (ntil the enemy for2e in q(estion had de:elo1ed its atta2k to the 1oint that its fleet was 2ommitted to a2tion against the defenses so alerted5 3n the other 2ase, with a 2oastline de2lared free from atta2k and in Condition A, as in the 2ase for the 8astern -eaboard in /0"", enemy s(bmarines, or a raider disg(ised as a mer2hantman, wo(ld s(rely throw a harbor defense into Condition .ne if they a11eared in a harbor entran2e5

Conditions of Defense
Condition <ne5 =his is the state of ma?im(m readiness for a2tion5 3n harbor defenses, all stations, 2omm(ni2ations and armament are manned in a22ordan2e with e?isting 1lansJ antiair2raft troo1s will similarly man obser:ation 1osts and 2omm(ni2ations, and hold g(n and sear2hlights 2rews at or in the immediate :i2inity of their armamentJ s(11orting infantry will maintain obser:ation and 1atrol elements in a29a22ordan2e with 1lans, and will hold reser:es in readiness5 Artillery (nits 2annot 2ontin(e on C.ND3=3.N .N8 indefinitely with a:ailable 1ersonnelJ hen2e C.ND3=3.N .N8 will be ordered for brief 1eriods only, in general not e?2eeding si? ho(rs in anyone day5 <hen this 2ondition is ordered9on initial a2ti:ation, immediate readiness for a2tion will be the first ob>e2ti:e5 =he mo:ement of s(11ly elements, and the set9(1 of messes and 2am1s will be se2ondary5 Condition Two5 =his is the stat(s of readiness whi2h 2an be maintained indefinitely, Harbor Defense and antiair2raft artillery obser:ation stations and 2omm(ni2ations will be manned 2ontin(o(sly, if ne2essary with red(2ed 1ersonnel or on red(2ed amo(nts, b(t not fewer than one station 1er battery5 Command 1osts of all e2helons will be o1erated 2ontin(o(sly, with s(ffi2ient 1ersonnel for 2(rrent req(irements= Armament, eq(i1ment andT 1ersonnel not a2t(ally Bat9battle stations will be ke1t in s(2h readiness that C.ND3=3.N .N8 may be taken (1 within three min(tes d(ring daylight ho(rs, and within fi:e min(tes d(ring darkness5 Condition Three5 =his is the stat(s of minim(m readiness a11ro1riate to war or emergen2y 2onditions5 Not fewer than one se2ondary battery in ea2h gro(1ment of harbor defenses, and one ma>or 2aliber battery in ea2h harbor defense, with the ne2essary sear2hlights, will be maintained in C.ND3=3.N =<.J not fewer than half of the total n(mber of antiair2raft batteries, both fi?ed and mobile, will be maintained in C.ND3=3.N =<.J at least one additional obser:ation station 1er gro(1ment will maintain 2ontin(o(s obser:ation, harbor entran2e 2ontrol 1osts will be o1erated 2ontin(o(sly, and 2omm(ni2ations will be manned at 2ommand 1osts down to gro(1ments and antiair2raft regiments5 =he remaining armament and 1ersonnel off d(ty will be able to ass(me C.ND3=3.N .N8 within one ho(r5

6atteries Peck87unnison/ Mills/ Harris