Eanucc Numbering Bar Coding v1

EAN Australia User Manual
EANUCC Numbering and Bar Coding
Copyright, July 2004 by EAN Australia Ltd Unit 100, 45 Gilby Road Mt Waverley Victoria 3149 Australia Tel: 61 3 9558 9559 Fax: 61 3 9558 9551 National number: 1300 366 033 www.ean.com.au Email: eanaust@ean.com.au Edition 1, 2004
Table of contents
Introduction
Disclaimer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 UCC numbering and bar coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 UCC & EANUCC compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 EANUCC Alliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
The EANUCC system for identifying goods, services, assets & locations
Basics and principles of the EANUCC system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Areas of application within the EANUCC system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Numbering system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Allocating global trade item numbers (GTINs) for retail trade items . . . . . . . . . . 7 EAN/UCC-13 identification numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Items requiring separate numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 EAN/UCC-8 identification numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Calculating the EAN/UCC-13 check digit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Allocating global trade item numbers (GTIN) for non-retail trade items. . . . . . . 15 EAN/UCC-13 identification number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 EAN/UCC-13 identification number with a filler zero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 EAN/UCC-14 identification number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 EAN/UCC-14 identification numbers using the UCC/EAN-128 bar code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Calculating the EAN/UCC-14 check digit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Global trade item numbers (GTINs) for variable measure non-retail items . . . . 20 Types of variable measure items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Bar codes used to encode variable measure data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Global trade item numbers (GTINs) for non-retail trade items that contain items carrying EAN/UCC-8 numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Numbering transport units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Applying bar codes onto packaging

Application Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 On-site direct printing on packaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Printing on packaging at source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Data Carrier (Bar code) options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Bar code size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Bar code height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Light Margin Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 EANUCC bar codes at nominal size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Dimensions of EAN-13 and EAN-8 bar codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Overall dimensions of ITF-14 bar code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Overall dimensions of UCC/EAN-128 bar code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Bar code colour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
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EAN Australia User Manual - EANUCC Numbering and Bar Coding
Bar Code Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Testing to the ISO method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Parameters Assessed Using ISO Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overall Symbol Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39 40 42 45
Bar code location

The importance of correctly locating bar codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Basic principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General guidelines for retail trade items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Identifying the back of the trade item . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Specific retail trade items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Spot labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cylindrical surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bottles and jars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Blister pack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cartons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carded trade items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Egg cartons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Multipacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Over-wrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Random (Unregistered) Wrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shrink film/vacuum-formed packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magazines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Newspapers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exceptions to the general retail location guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Large, heavy, bulky trade itemsbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Large, heavy, bulky trade itemsother packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apparel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stick on and attached labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Products carrying more than one label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hi-cone packs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Horticultural trade items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pharmaceutical trade items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-retail trade items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cartons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Attribute data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shallow trays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Film-wrapped trade items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pallets/Logistics Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pallets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . For pallets less than 400 millmetres in height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 47 48 49 49 49 49 52 53 54 54 55 55 56 57 58 58 59 60 60 61 62 62 62 62 63 65 65 65 65 66 66 66 67 68 68 69 69 69
Global location numbers (GLNs)

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
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GLN and EDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72 When to change a GLN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
EANUCC Application Identifiers

Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 Summary of AIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78 Structures for AIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78 Identification for trade itemsgeneral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78 Identification for components of a trade item . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81 Traceability numbersgeneral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82 Identification for datesgeneral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87 Identification for quantitiesgeneral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89 Identification for measurementsgeneral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91 Identification for trade measurementsgeneral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91 Logistics measurementsgeneral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94 Identification for amount payable- general . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96 Identification for price per unit of measure of a variable measure trade item 98 Identification for referencesgeneral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99 Identification for locationsgeneral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102 Identification for special applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 70 Series Application Identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107 Identification of assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110 Global service relation number (GSRN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112 Identification for couponsgeneral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112 Identification for internal purposes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Serial Shipping Container CodeSSCC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115 The EANUCC Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115 Using the SSCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116 Structure of the SSCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117 Calculating the SSCC check digit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 ExampleSSCC number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
The EANUCC logistics label

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121 Information Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122 Components of the logistics label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123 Label design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124 Supplier section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125 Customer section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125 Carrier section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125 Label dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125 Technical specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Symbology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126 Magnification factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126 Bar code height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126 Light margin areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127
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Bar code interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bar code orientation and placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plain text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Human translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Label location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cartons And Outer Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pallets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . For pallets less than 400 millmetres in height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Examples of EANUCC logistics labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The basic EANUCC logistics label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . An EANUCC logistics label with supplier section only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . An EANUCC logistics label with supplier and carrier sections . . . . . . . . . An EANUCC logistics label with supplier, customer and carrier sections .
127 127 127 127 128 128 130 131 131 131 132 132 133 134 134
Global trade item numbers for books and periodicals.

Book numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Add-on codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Periodical publications global trade item numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . When to change global trade item numbers for periodicals . . . . . . . . . . . . Variant (previously known as sequence variant) overview . . . . . . . . . . . . Variant for regular price changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Variant for special issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Variant for titles published daily or more than once a week . . . . . . . . . . . . Re-using variants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Add-on codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 138 139 141 141 141 141 142 142 142
Restricted Distribution Global Trade Item Numbers

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recommended formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Calculating a price check digitfour digit prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Calculating the price check digitfive digit prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . National solution for standard numbering of retail variable measure trade items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EAN-8 restricted distribution number and bar code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Velocity Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Coupon numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 146 147 149 152 153 154 155
Applying UPC bar codes

Allocating global trade item numbers for retail items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UCC-12 numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UCC prefix (number system character). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Calculating the UCC-12 check digit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zero suppressed UCC-12 numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . How to derive a zero suppressed number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Format of the UPC-E bar code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Variable parity coding of the UCC prefix and check digit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Decoding a UCC-12 zero suppressed number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164 Human readable digits for UCC-12 zero suppressed numbers . . . . . . . . . 166 Nominal dimensions of the UPC-E bar code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166 Light margin areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167 UCC system for variable measure trade items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167 Differences between UPC-A and EAN-13 bar codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
RSS & Composite Bar Codes

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171 Reduced Space Symbology (RSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174 Symbology Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174 Additional Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175 RSS 14 Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176 RSS Limited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177 RSS Expanded Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178 Human Readable Interpretation in RSS Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179 Width of a Module (X-dimension) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180 Print Quality Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180 Advice for Selecting the Symbology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180 EANUCC Composite Symbology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182 EANUCC Composite Symbology Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182 Symbol Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184 CC-A Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185 CC-B Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186 CC-C Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186 Special Compressed Element String Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186 Human Readable Interpretation in Composite Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187 Width of a Module (X-dimension) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188 Print Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188 Advice for Selecting the Symbology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189
Appendices
EANUCC company prefix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193 Prefix values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199 List of figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 List of tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .216
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Introduction
This manual aims to provide all necessary information to anyone interested in the EANUCC system, or is involved in its implementation from whatever point of view, in particular:
companies requiring to know how to number and apply bar codes to

items for the purpose of controlling the movement of goods and services world-wide
retailers requiring information about the various EANUCC numbering

and bar coding options they may encounter or may use to meet their own needs
members of the various professions who take part in the bar coding
operation by providing supplies or services, for example, printers, graphic designers, film master suppliers, and manufacturers of scanning or marking equipment. For further information in relation to the technical aspects of all the EANUCC symbologies and their production, please refer to the EAN Australia User Manual - Symbology & Printing.
Disclaimer
Every possible effort has been made to ensure that the information and specifications in this manual are correct, however EAN Australia expressly disclaim liability for any errors. In addition, no warranty or representation is made that this manual will not require modification due to developments in technology or changes or additions to the EANUCC system.
UCC numbering and bar coding

In the United States of America (USA) and Canada the EANUCC system is administered by the Uniform Code Council Inc. (UCC). The numbering system is part of the EANUCC system and the data carriers presently being used are the UPC-A, UPC-E, ITF-14 and UCC/EAN-128 symbologies.
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Introduction
UCC & EANUCC compatibility

At present, the EANUCC system has one way compatibility with the UCC system. This means that items numbered and bar coded under EANUCC system rules cannot be scanned by all retailers in North America and Canada. However, trade items carrying UCC-12 numbers are capable of being scanned in all countries in the EANUCC community. Retailers in the USA are gradually upgrading their systems, and full compatibility should be achieved by January 1, 2005. In the mean time, companies exporting to the USA are advised to ask their distributors if EAN-13 & EAN-8 bar codes are acceptable to their retail customers.
EANUCC Alliance
EAN Australia is part of an EANUCC Alliance whereby if companies in Australia wishing to export to the USA need to bar code under the UCC system, it is necessary for them to obtain dual membership of both EAN Australia and UCC. Contact EAN Australia for further information about obtaining UCC number application forms.
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Basics and principles of the EANUCC system
The EANUCC system provides for the use of unambiguous numbers to identify goods, services, assets and locations world-wide. These numbers can also be shown as bar codes. The system is designed to overcome the limitations of using company, organisation or sector specific coding systems, and to make trading much more efficient and more responsive to customers. These identifying numbers can also be used within EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) messages to improve the speed and accuracy of communications. This manual only provides information about the numbering system, the bar codes, and the scanning system. For information about EDI, please refer to the EANCOM guidelines available from EAN Australia. As well as providing a unique system for item identification, the system also provides for additional information such as best before dates, serial numbers, and batch numbers to be shown in a bar coded form. At the moment bar codes are used as the data carriers for the system, but this may be expanded in the future to include other technologies such as radio frequency tags. Any change would only take place after wide consultation and be subject to a significant changeover period. Following the principles and design of the EANUCC system means that users can design applications to receive EANUCC data automatically. The data within each bar code can be seen as an unambiguous message and the processing of this data can be fully pre-programmed.
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The system is designed to be used in any industry or trade sector, and any changes to the system are introduced so that they do not harm current users.
IDENTIFICATION STANDARDS
AUTOMATIC DATA CAPTURE (ADC)
ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS (EDI)
Figure 1 Common elements of the EANUCC system
Areas of application within the EANUCC system

Different areas of application are covered by the EANUCC system. These include: trade items, logistic units, assets and locations. These applications rely on standard numbering structures by which all relevant items and their data can be identified. The numbers are the keys to access databases and to identify unambiguously items handled, in all messages of a transaction. Numbering is for identification only. All information that describes a product or a service and its characteristics are to be found in databases. They are communicated from a supplier to a user once, before the first transaction either by using standard messages or by consultation of electronic catalogues. The numbers are represented in bar codes to allow automatic data capture at each point where an item leaves or enters premises. Bar codes are usually included in the production process, at the producer site. They may be pre-printed with other information present on the packaging, a label can be affixed to the item at the production line, or they can be printed directly on to the packaging on line. The same numbers are also used in EDI messages to allow all information on the transaction of the items thus identified, to be transferred to the relevant partners. The standard numbering structures that are provided guarantee world-wide uniqueness within the relevant area of application.
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Numbering system
The four main elements of the numbering system covered in this manual are: 1) Global trade item number (GTIN) A trade item is any item (product or service) upon which there is a need to retrieve pre-defined information and that may be priced, ordered or invoiced for trade between participants at any point in any supply chain. A trade item may be a single, non-breakable unit. It may also be a standard and stable grouping of a series of single items. Such a unit may be presented in a wide variety of physical forms: a fibreboard carton, a covered or banded pallet, a film wrapped tray, a crate with bottles, etc. Trade items consisting of a single unit are identified with a unique GTIN. Standard groupings of identical or different units are identified with a separate unique GTIN. The identification and bar coding of trade items enables the automation of the retail point of sale (through price look up files), of product receiving, inventory management, automatic re-ordering, sales analysis, and a wide range of other business applications. Within the Australian retail industry, trade item numbers have historically been referred to as APNs and TUNs. Whilst this terminology may still occasionally be encountered, the correct term for both is global trade item number (GTIN). The GTIN is a unique identification number for a trade item. This uniqueness is achieved by whichever of the four numbering structures is used. These structures are to be stored in a 14-digit data field as shown in Table 1 on page 5.
Numbering Structure for a Global Trade Item Number
T1 EAN/UCC-14 EAN/UCC-13 UCC-12 EAN/UCC-8 1 0 0 0 T2 9 9 0 0 T3 3 3 6 0
GTIN within a 14 digit computer field
T4 1 1 1 0
T5 2 2 2 0
T6 3 3 3 0
T7 4 4 4 9
T8 5 5 5 3
T9 6 6 1 1
T10 7 7 2 2
T11 8 8 3 3
T12 9 9 4 4
T13 0 0 5 5
T14 4 7 2 7
Table 1 EANUCC Numbering Structures (where T represents the position of each individual digit in a computer file format and 0 represents a filler digit).
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2) Serial shipping container code (SSCC) The SSCC is a standard identification number, used for the unique identification of logistic (transport and/or storage) units. A logistic unit is an item of any composition established for transport and/or storage which needs to be managed through the supply chain. Scanning the SSCC marked on each logistic unit allows the physical movement of units to be individually tracked and traced by providing a link between the physical movement of items and the associated information flow. It also opens up the opportunity to implement a wide range of applications such as cross docking, shipment routing, automated receiving, etc. 3) Global location number (GLN) The Global location number is used to identify a company or organisation as a legal entity. GLNs are also used to identify physical locations, or functional entities within the company. The use of location numbers is a pre-requisite for efficient EDI. 4) Asset numbering The EANUCC system provides a system for the identification of assets. The object of asset identification is to identify a physical entity as an inventory item. Asset identifiers should not be used for any other identification purpose. Each company holding an EANUCC company prefix may assign asset identifiers to the assets or the trade items supplied to their customers. Best practice may dictate that the trade item manufacturer apply the asset identifier during the manufacturing process. The EANUCC Asset Identifier acts as a key to access the characteristics of an asset stored in a computer file and/or to record movements of assets. Asset Identifiers may be used for simple applications, such as the location and use of a given fixed asset (e.g. a personal computer), or for complex applications such as recording the characteristics of a returnable asset (e.g. a reusable beer keg), its movements, its life-cycle history and any relevant data for accounting purposes.
EAN Australia provides separate guidelines for implementation of the EANUCC system for specific industries, such as transport, health, timber, metal, meat, paper, wool and greeting cards. These guidelines are available from our website at www.ean.com.au or from EAN Australia on request.
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Allocating global trade item numbers (GTINs) for retail trade items
Trade items sold at retail level to consumers are often referred to as consumer items. There are two types of GTINs for retail trade items which are not sold in Northern America. EAN/UCC-13 identification numbers - represented by an EAN-13 bar code. See Figure 2 on page 8. EAN/UCC-8 identification numbers - represented by an EAN-8 bar code. See Figure 3 on page 13.
EAN/UCC-13 identification numbers

EAN/UCC-13 identification numbers are right justified in a 14 digit computer field with one implied zero to the left as shown below.
Numbering Structure
T1 EAN/UCC-13 0 T2 9
14 digit Global Trade Item Number (GTIN)

T3 3 T4 1 T5 2 T6 3 T7 4 T8 5 T9 6 T10 7 T11 8 T12 9 T13 0 T14 7
Table 2 EAN/UCC-13 number in computer field (where T represents the position of each individual digit in a computer file format and 0 represents a filler digit)
EAN/UCC-13 identification numbers can be used for the identification of any retail trade item, non-retail trade item, or for identification of location & company entities. Figure 2 shows the structure of the EAN/UCC-13 identification number and how it is composed.
In Australia numbers are allocated by one of the two following methods: Current Method Used to Assign Numbers The first nine digits (the EANUCC company prefix) are allocated by EAN Australia to the member company. The next three digits (the item reference) are then allocated by you to each individual trade item. Method Used to Assign Numbers Prior to May 1996 The first seven digits (the EANUCC company prefix) are allocated by EAN Australia to you as a member company. The next five digits (the item reference) are then allocated by you to each individual trade item.
The last digit is always a check digit, which is calculated by a mathematical formula to ensure that the whole number is correct. See Check digit on page 10, for more information.
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Current Method
Check Digit
EANUCC company prefix
Item Reference
Method Prior to May 1996
Check Digit
Item Reference
Figure 2 EAN/UCC-13 number represented by an EAN-13 bar code
Note - When identifying a location or company with an EAN/UCC-13 identification number it can only be represented in a UCC/EAN-128 bar code with the relevant Application Identifier. Please refer to EANUCC Application Identifiers on page 75. EANUCC company prefix The EANUCC company prefix is the number allocated to you by EAN Australia as a member company. EAN Australia manages the allocation of EANUCC company prefixes for Australia. The EANUCC company prefix may not be sold, leased or given, in whole or in part, for use by any other company. An EANUCC company prefix gives access to all the applications using EANUCC identification standards, i.e. identification of items, services, locations, logistic units, returnable containers, etc. It is a component of each of the numbering structures, other than the EAN/UCC-8. When a company changes legal status as a result of an acquisition, merger, partial purchase, split or spin-off the following guidelines apply.
Acquisitions and mergers

Existing stocks on hand which are numbered before acquisitions or mergers, keep the same GTINs. EAN Australia should be notified of the acquisition or merger.
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Products that are produced after the acquisition or merger may keep the GTIN allocated before it. A company should be careful when centralising the allocation of all numbers under one company prefix, thus changing the number of the existing products which is otherwise unchanged. This should be an exception, as it results in additional work and data file maintenance for customers.
Partial Purchase
When a company buys a division, a brand name or a range of items from another company, it may, to begin with, keep the numbers previously allocated by the selling company. The rules concerning the use of GTIN should be taken into consideration when drawing up the purchase contract. However, at the earliest opportunity it should phase in new numbers from its own range of numbers, to the items whose brand name it has acquired. It will be able to do this, for example, when packaging is redesigned or reprinted, even if the normal rule would be to keep the old number in this case. Trading partners must be notified of the number changes in advance. During this period, and during the four years following, the selling company must not reallocate the original numbers to the other items.
Split or spin-off
When a company splits into two or more separate companies it is necessary for each company prefix assigned to the original company to be transferred to one, and only one, of the new companies. Any company left without a company prefix will need to apply to EAN Australia to obtain one. A decision as to which of the new companies will take over which company prefixes should be made to minimise the number of changes to GTINs that will be required. The decision should be part of the legal arrangements that set up the new companies. It is not necessary for existing stock of items to be renumbered. However, when any of the split or spin-off companies have trade items that are numbered from a company prefix that it no longer holds, then it should renumber those items using its own company prefix when new labelling or packaging is produced. Customers should be notified well in advance of the changes. Split or spin-off companies that retain a company prefix must keep a record of the GTINs created from their prefix that have been allocated to items they no longer own. They must not re-use these GTINs for a period of at least four years after the company that split away owning those items last supplied goods identified by those GTINs. Therefore the company that did not retain the company prefix has to keep the company that did maintain the prefix informed of the dates on which the goods were last supplied with the previous number, or to guarantee a date by which the number change will be made.
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Item reference (item number) The item reference shown in Figure 2 is a non-significant number, which means that the individual digits in the number do not relate to anything or convey any specific item information. The number is purely for identification. The simplest way to allocate item references is sequentially, i.e. 000, 001, 002, 003, etc. Always number each item to the lowest level of identification. For example: size, colour, model, finish, type, style. This ensures that each item has a unique number. Check digit The last digit of the EAN/UCC-13 identification number is always the check digit. This is calculated by a mathematical formula to ensure that the whole number is correct. Please refer to Calculating the EAN/UCC-13 check digit on page 14, for further information.
Items requiring separate numbers

A separate unique GTIN is required for every different trade item, and for every variant of an item whenever this variation is in any way apparent and significant to any partner in the supply chain, to the final user or to the retail customer. When the product changes affect the product quantity, the product dimensions, the packaging type, the product name or brand, or the product description, a separate unique GTIN must be allocated. Separate unique numbers are required for each:
different variety of item by item type, size, style, model, and also by
flavour, colour, perfume, finish, and so on
different pack size of an item different multiple packs of an item, where it is intended, or there is a
possibility, that the multipack will be treated as a single unit
promotional variant of an item, where a price difference is specified on

the pack or where it is necessary to distinguish the stock keeping units separately
new modification to the item, where the change makes it necessary to

distinguish between old stock and new. (A separate number is not necessary when the modification is purely minor, and does not affect continuity between the old version and the new.)
same product packaged in a different language. Each language is

treated as a different product, and therefore requires a unique GTIN. For example, a product marked in English only must have a different GTIN from the exact same product which is marked in Chinese.
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A separate number is not necessary solely because of a price change,

whether temporary or permanent, to an unchanged item. If, however, a different price from the standard is marked on the packaging, this must be allocated a different GTIN from the standard trade item.
Minor trade item changes do not require the allocation of a different

GTIN. Examples are: Label artwork redesign, minor trade item description changes that do not impact the supply chain, gross dimension change in any axis of less than 20% with content quantity or measure unchanged.
Do not re-use a deleted item number until four years after the date that
you last issued the item. In the case of garments, the minimum period is reduced to 30 months. Consideration for re-issue of numbers should always be given for the product type and its possible life in the market place. For example steel beams may be stored for many years before entering the supply chain. In some cases, such as pharmaceutical products, it may be appropriate not to re-use deleted numbers at all. Vintage winesWhen the year of production impacts pricing, invoicing or ordering at any point in the supply chain, a new GTIN is required. If there is no impact on pricing, invoicing or ordering then the same GTIN can be used regardless of the year of production. Manufacturers (or marketers) that undertake the numbering of items assume responsibility for ensuring that the above rules are respected and that all variants are numbered uniquely. They are also responsible for notifying their trade customers of the numbers that have been allocated to each item. For further guidance on when to change GTINs for Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) please refer to www.ean-int.org/gtinrules.
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EAN/UCC-8 identification numbers

The allocation of EAN/UCC-8 identification numbers is restricted to trade items that genuinely cannot accommodate an EAN-13 bar code at the magnification (size) recommended by the printer. These can only be obtained directly from EAN Australia. Before applying for an EAN/UCC-8 identification number you should consider, jointly with the printer, all available options for using an EAN-13 bar code. Every effort must first be made by the applying company to incorporate an EAN-13 bar code onto the packaging. This includes:
Whether the existing label can reasonably be changed (the term label
is used to denote the total printed design surface, whether or not affixed separately) thus enabling the printers recommended size of an EAN-13 bar code to be included. This could be achieved by:
redesigning the label increasing the label size, especially where the existing label is small
in comparison with the area of the entire packing
using an additional label changing the type of label or packaging to enable an EAN-13 bar
code to be included.
Reducing the magnification (size) of the bar code (after consulting with
the printer). This must only be done if printing conditions allow. The magnification of the bar code must always be within the specification set out by EANUCC. When applying for an EAN/UCC-8 identification number, it is necessary to provide: 1) a sample of each product, label or actual size artwork (unless many products share identical packaging, in which case one sample will suffice) 2) a complete list of every product requiring an EAN/UCC-8 identification number 3) written justification of why the package should be allocated an EAN/ UCC-8 identification number and that all efforts have been made to accommodate an EAN/UCC-13 identification number and bar code.
After discontinuing a product carrying an EAN/UCC-8 identification

number, please notify EAN Australia so that the number can be reallocated at a later date.
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EAN/UCC-8 identification numbers are right justified in a 14 digit computer field with six implied zeros to the left.
Numbering Structure
T1 EAN/UCC-8 0 T2 0
14 digit Global Trade Item Number (GTIN)

T3 0 T4 0 T5 0 T6 0 T7 9 T8 3 T9 1 T10 2 T11 3 T12 4 T13 5 T14 7
Table 3 EAN/UCC-8 number in computer field (where T represents the position of each individual digit in a computer file format and 0 represents a filler digit)
EANUCC prefix Identifies the EAN member organisation issuing the number. It ensures that all GTINs in the world are unique.
Company/Item reference A five digit company/item reference. You receive this number from EAN Australia on application.
Check digit Validates the accuracy of the entire number by mathematical formula. See Calculating the EAN/ UCC-13 check digit on page 14 for further details.
EAN Australia allocates Apply for a company/

93 with the company/ item reference. item reference, this follows the 93 prefix.
Calculate the check

digit.
Figure 3 EAN/UCC-8 number represented by an EAN-8 bar code
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Calculating the EAN/UCC-13 check digit

Film master suppliers, on-site printing equipment, and bar coding software packages will calculate the check digit for you. A program for calculating the check digit can be accessed on our website at www.ean.com.au.
The mathematical formula for the check digit calculation is the same
for EAN/UCC-13, EAN/UCC-8, EAN/UCC-14 identification numbers and the Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC). ExampleEAN/UCC-13 identification number
Step 1
931234567890
Step 2
Check digit position
Figure 4 EAN/UCC-13 digit number without check digit
Perform the following calculation using the EAN/UCC-13

identification number in Figure 4 above. Step 1 Starting with the first number on the right, add all the alternate numbers. Multiply the result by three. 0 + 8 + 6 + 4 + 2 + 3 = 23 x 3 = 69 Step 2 Starting with the second number on the right, add all the alternate numbers. 9 + 7 + 5 + 3 + 1 + 9 = 34 Step 3 Add the results of steps one and two. Total = 103 Step 4 Add the number needed to bring the total to the next multiple of ten. In this example, add seven.
7
If the result of step 3 is an exact multiple of 10, then the check

digit is 0, (not 10!). The number added to bring the total to the next multiple of ten becomes the check digit.
110
9312345678907
Check digit
Figure 5 EAN/UCC-13 digit number with check digit
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Allocating global trade item numbers (GTIN) for non-retail trade items
Non-retail items are trade items not intended for sale to consumers at the retail point of sale. They may be a standard and stable grouping of a series of single items. Such a unit may be presented in a wide variety of physical forms: a fibreboard carton, a covered or banded pallet, a film wrapped tray, a crate with bottles, etc. Non-retail trade items are often referred to as trade units.
If there is any possibility of a non-retail trade item being sold at retail level, it must carry an EAN/UCC-13 identification number in an EAN-13 bar code. Ensure that a non-retail trade item is not allocated the same GTIN as a retail trade item. Some examples of non-retail trade items are:
a piece of steel a reel of paper a pack of timber pieces an outer carton a pallet containing several cartons a display carton.
For non-retail trade items, you can choose any one of the following numbering options:
EAN/UCC-13 identification number
EAN/UCC-13 identification number with a filler zero
EAN/UCC-14 identification number with an indicator (logistical variant)
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An EAN/UCC-13 identification number is shown in Figure 2 and allocated by the same method used for retail trade items. This number is always represented in an EAN-13 bar code. This method of identifying non-retail trade items can be used if printing conditions permit the successful printing of the EAN-13 bar code. This will depend on the material being printed on and the printing conditions.
An EAN/UCC-13 identification number and bar code are mandatory when the trade item may also be sold at the retail point of sale.
EAN/UCC-13 identification number with a filler zero

A filler zero precedes a new and unique EAN/UCC-13 identification number allocated to a non-retail trade item. This number is allocated by the same method shown in Figure 2. The zero is a filler character used to convert the EAN/UCC-13 identification number to an EAN/UCC-14 identification number, which can then be encoded in an ITF-14 or UCC/128 bar code. See Figure 6 & Figure 7 below.
The ITF-14 symbology is better suited for direct printing onto

corrugated fibreboard. Note - For UCC members using this method, the unique UCC-12 identification number must be preceded by two filler 0s.
Figure 6 EAN/UCC-13 number with a filler zero (UCC/EAN-128 bar code)
Figure 7 EAN/UCC-13 number with a filler zero (ITF-14 bar code)
NoteBar codes are shown here smaller than recommended magnification for presentation purposes only.
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An indicator (previously known as logistical variant, a number from one to eight), precedes the first 12 digits of the EAN/UCC-13 identification number of the lowest level trade items contained within the non-retail trade item. The last digit is the check digit. Indicators are chosen at the discretion of the company allocating the number. They are used to create a unique EAN/UCC-14 identification number which distinguishes between different packaging levels of the same trade item. This option is only available when the trade items within the non-retail trade item are carrying the same GTIN. For example: Indicator 1 may be allocated to a carton of 24 and indicator 2 may be allocated to a carton of 36, thus creating a unique EAN/UCC-14 identification number for every level of packaging. When using an indicator the check digit must be recalculated, including the indicator, according to the standard check digit. See Calculating the EAN/ UCC-14 check digit on page 19 for more information. Note - For UCC members using this method a filler 0 should immediately follow the indicator. The EAN/UCC-14 identification number can be represented in either a UCC/EAN-128 or ITF-14 bar code. See Figure 8 and Figure 9, below.
The ITF-14 symbology is better suited for direct printing onto

corrugated fibreboard.
Figure 8 EAN/UCC-14 number with an indicator (logistical variant) (UCC/EAN-128 bar code)
Figure 9 EAN/UCC-14 number with an indicator (logistical variant) (ITF-14 bar code)
NoteBar codes are shown here smaller than recommended magnification for presentation purposes only.
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EAN/UCC-14 identification numbers using the UCC/EAN-128 bar code

To represent an EAN/UCC-14 identification number in a UCC/EAN-128 bar code, you must precede the EAN/UCC-14 identification number with the Application Identifier (01). An Application Identifier (AI) is a prefix which simply defines the meaning and format of the data that follows it. Thus AI (01) indicates that what follows is an EAN/UCC-14 identification number.
The AI (01) is not considered a part of the EAN/UCC-14 identification

number. Besides identifying items, AIs also provide the ability to identify attribute databatch numbers, use by dates, serial numbers, etc.as well as locations and shipments. See EANUCC Application Identifiers on page 75, for more information.
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Calculating the EAN/UCC-14 check digit

Film master suppliers, on-site printing equipment, and bar coding software packages will calculate the check digit for you. A program for calculating the check digit can be accessed on our website at www.ean.com.au.
The mathematical formula for the check digit calculation is the same for EAN/UCC-13, EAN/UCC-8, EAN/UCC-14 identification numbers and the Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC). ExampleEAN/UCC-14 identification number
Step 1
1931234567890
Step 2
Figure 10 EAN/UCC-14 digit number without check digit
Perform the following calculation using the EAN/UCC-14

identification number in Figure 10 above. Step 1 Starting with the first number on the right, add all the alternate numbers. Multiply the result by three. 0 + 8 + 6 + 4 + 2 + 3 + 1 = 24 x 3 = 72 Step 2 Starting with the second number on the right, add all the alternate numbers. 9 + 7 + 5 + 3 + 1 + 9 = 34 Step 3 Add the results of steps one and two. Total = 106 Step 4 Add the number needed to bring the total to the next multiple of ten. In this example, add four.
4
If the result of step 3 is an exact multiple of 10, then the check

digit is 0, (not 10!). The number added to bring the total to the next multiple of ten becomes the check digit.
110
19312345678904
Check digit
Figure 11 EAN/UCC-14 digit number with check digit
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Global trade item numbers (GTINs) for variable measure non-retail items
Trade items may be of variable measure either because the production process does not guarantee consistency in weight, size or length (carcasses of meat, whole cheeses, etc.) or because the items are created to meet a special order which states a quantity (eg. textiles ordered by the metre, glass ordered by the square metre). Only trade items that are sold, ordered or produced in quantities, which can vary continuously, are covered by the rules outlined here. Trade items, which are sold in discrete and pre-defined units (eg. as a nominal weight), are treated as fixed measure trade items. A trade item must be considered to be variable measure if its measure is variable at any point in the supply chain. For example, a supplier may sell and invoice chickens in standardised cases of 15kg each. Therefore the quantity of contained chickens will vary. The customer, a retailer in this example, may need to know the exact number of chickens contained in each case in order to organise the distribution to his stores. In this example, the supplier should source mark the trade item by using a variable measure GTIN and a variable count AI. The EAN/UCC-14 identification number with the indicator 9 is used to identify a variable measure trade item. The presence of the variable measure information is mandatory for the complete identification of a particular variable measure trade item. The digit 9 in the first position is an integral part of the 14-digit GTIN.
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Types of variable measure items

The five common types of variable measure trade items are; 1) Items Traded In Bulk Neither portioned nor pre-packed for retail sale, ordered in any quantity and delivered as a non-standardised trade item. Examples: Fish, fruit, vegetables, cables, carpets, timber, fabrics. The GTIN simply identifies the product and that it is a bulk, non fixed quantity and, if applicable, the form of packaging. Weight or dimensions are necessary to complete the identification of each individual unit.
Process Suppliers catalogue Order Delivery Description Apples unwrapped sold in bulk by kg 100 kg of apples 2 trade items Unit 1: weight = 42.7kg Unit 2: weight = 57.6 kg If delivery made on a pallet Unit 1: (01) 99312345000046 (3101) 000427 Unit 2: (01) 99312345000046 (3101) 000576 Pallet: (00) 393123450000010104 (02) 99312345000046 (3101)001003 (37)02 Bar Code Symbol Marking of the items GTIN 99312345000046 100 kg x 99312345000046
Table 4 Example of variable measure non-retail items traded in bulk
2) Trade Items Ordered And Delivered By Piece (wrapped or unwrapped) and invoiced by weight or measure because weight or measure vary due to the nature of the product or due to the manufacturing process. Examples: A whole cheese, a side of bacon, a beef carcass, a fish, a sausage, a ham, a chicken. The GTIN identifies the product, that it is supplied and ordered by the piece and, if necessary, the form of packaging. Price or weight or dimensions complete the identification of the individual item.
Process Suppliers Catalogue Order Delivery Description 1 Salami ~ 500g 100 Salamis 3 Logistics Units Unit 1 = 33 salami, 16.7 kg Unit 2 = 33 salami, 16.9 kg Unit 3 = 34 salami, 17.1 kg Unit 1: (00) 393123450000010005 (02) 99312345000015 (3101) 000167 (37) 33 Unit 2: (00) 393123450000010012 (02) 993123450000015 (3101) 000169 (37) 33 Unit 3: (00) 393123450000010029 (02) 993123450000015 (3101) 000171 (37) 34 If delivery is made on a pallet Pallet: (00) 393123450000010036 (02) 993123450000015 (3101) 000507 (37) 0100 Bar Code Symbol Marking of the Items GTIN 99312345000015 100 x 99312345000015
Table 5 Example of variable measure non-retail item traded by piece
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3) Portioned Trade Items The individual items contained within are pre-packed for sale by weight to the consumer, and are not standardised in quantity. Examples: Meat, cheese, vegetables, fruit, fillet of fish, sliced poultry, cold cuts. The GTIN identifies the product and the form in which it is packed. Price or weight completes the identification of each individual unit.
Process Suppliers Catalogue Order Delivery Description Bulk pre-packed variable weight Havarti cheese 8 kg 2 trade items Unit 1: weight = 4.150 kg Unit 2: weight = 4.070 kg Unit 1: (01) 99312345000114 (3102) 000415 Unit 2: (01) 99312345000114 (3102) 000407 Bar Code Symbol Marking of the Items GTIN 99312345000114 8 kg x 99312345000114
If delivery is made on a pallet
Pallet: (00) 393123450000010098 (02) 99312345000114 (3102) 000822 (37) 02
Table 6 Example of variable portioned trade item
4) Standardised Trade Items With Selectable Dimensions Where EANUCC standard numbering does not make sense to cover the multiplicity of all variations. Examples: Wooden planks, carpets. The GTIN denotes the pre-defined basic trade item. The applicable dimension(s) complete(s) the identification of the individual unit.
Process Suppliers Catalogue Order Delivery Description Cable T49 sold in any length in metres 1 trade item of 150 metres 1 trade item, 150 metres Bar Code Symbol Marking of Items GTIN 99312345000060 99312345000060 x 150 metres (01) 99312345000060 (3110) 000150
Table 7 Example of variable measure non-retail item with selectable dimensions
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5) Standard Fixed Number of Trade Items Contained Within Each Unit Examples: Trade item which always contains 10 chickens, trade item which always contains 20 pre-packaged portions of cheese. The GTIN identifies both the product and the number of items contained within each unit and, if applicable, its form of packaging. The total weight of all items contained completes the identification of the particular trade item.
Process Suppliers Catalogue Order Delivery Description Case of 10 Chickens Bar Code Symbol marking of the items GTIN 99312345100005
3 Cases (30 Chickens) 3 x 99312345100005 3 trade items Unit 1: (10 chickens) weight 10.2 kg Unit 2 (10 chickens) weight 11.5 kg Unit 3: (10 chickens) weight 8.1 kg If delivery is made on a pallet Pallet: (00) 393123450000070009 (02) 99312345100005 (3101) 000298 (37) 03 Unit 1: (01) 99312345100005 (3101) 000102 Unit 2: (01) 99312345100005 (3101) 000115 Unit 3: (01) 99312345100005 (3101) 000081
Table 8 Example of variable standard number of items non-retail unit
Bar codes used to encode variable measure data

This information is translated into a bar code in one of two ways.
Preferably with a UCC/EAN-128, to encode the GTIN and the measure

in a single bar code symbol, using application identifier (01) for the GTIN, and one of the AIs from (3100) to (3169), or AI (8001) for the measure.
but it is also permissible to have the GTIN shown in an ITF-14

symbology and the measure in a UCC/EAN-128 symbology.
(01)99312345678900(3102)000325 Figure 12 UCC/EAN-128 bar code for variable measure non-retail item
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Global trade item numbers (GTINs) for non-retail trade items that contain items carrying EAN/ UCC-8 numbers
When numbering non-retail items that contain EAN/UCC-8 numbered retail items, any one of the following solutions is available.
Allocate a unique EAN/UCC-13 identification number. See Figure 2. Allocate an EAN/UCC-13 identification number with a filler zero. See
EAN/UCC-13 identification number with a filler zero on page 16.
Allocate an EAN/UCC-14 identification number with an indicator

(logistical variant, a number from one to eight) made up as follows.
Retail Trade Item
EAN/UCC-8 on the retail trade item
93123457
Non-retail Trade Item
EAN/UCC-14 constructed using the same EAN/UCC-8 number
10000093123454
Indicator (logistic variant) (a number from 1 to 8) Filler 0s EAN/UCC-8 number (without the check digit) of the retail item contained within the non-retail unit Recalculated check digit
For example: If the EAN/UCC-8 identification number on the retail trade item is 93123457, then the EAN/UCC-14 identification number (using the same EAN/UCC-8 identification number from the trade item within the nonretail trade item) would be 10000093123454 (where 4 is the recalculated check digit).
The EAN/UCC-14 & the EAN/UCC-13 with a filler 0 numbering

options can be represented in either the UCC/EAN-128 or ITF-14 bar code. Positioning human readable interpretation on non-retail items The human readable digits of the bar code are normally located beneath the bars. For shallow trade units, or other non-retail items where the full height of the bar code cannot be accommodated, the digits may be placed to the left of the bar code.
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Numbering transport units

Separate unique numbers may be allocated to units which are only constructed for ease of transport. Pallets often fall into this category. The Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC) allows each pallet or logistics unit to be individually identified. See Serial Shipping Container Code SSCC on page 115, for more information.
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Application Methods
There are two ways to apply the bar code to your trade item:
using pre-printed labels printing directly onto the packaging.
Labels
A printer or label service can print bar code labels, or your company can print them on-site. Ask equipment suppliers for a demonstration of on-site bar code printing equipment. This equipment automatically generates the bar code directly from data.
On-site direct printing on packaging

On-site printing equipment is also available which allows you to print the bar code directly onto the package during the manufacturing, packaging, and distribution process.
Printing on packaging at source

Printing directly on packaging at source may require a film master. A film master is a negative or positive film (much like a photo negative) of the entire bar code. The film master is applied as part of the artwork of the package. Film master suppliers generate film masters. They can also calculate the check digit for you before they produce the film master. The printer incorporates the film master on the printing plate ready for printing on the package. Either the manufacturer or the printer can order a film master. A resource directory, which contains details of film master and equipment suppliers, is available on our website at www.ean.com.au.
Determine whether to print the bar code on labels or directly onto the
packaging.
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Data Carrier (Bar code) options

There is a choice of four bar codes as shown below:
Unit type Retail trade items Non-retail trade items logistic units Global location numbers Assets Table 9 Bar code Options EAN-8 & UPC-E EAN-13 & UPC-A UCC/EAN-128 ITF-14

Retail trade items must be bar coded using EAN-13, UPC-A, UPC-E or EAN-8 bar codes. Non-retail trade items can be bar coded using EAN-13, UPC-A, UCC/ EAN-128 or ITF-14 bar codes. EAN-8 bar codes are only used on very small retail trade items to encode EAN/UCC-8 identification numbers. EAN-13 bar codes can be used on both retail and non-retail trade items. The ITF-14 bar code symbology is better suited for direct printing onto corrugated fibreboard. UCC/EAN-128 bar codes are used on non-retail trade items and are always used when including attribute information about the product. UCC/EAN-128 bar codes are used to represent GLNs and asset numbers.
Your aim is to ensure that your bar code scans the first time every time.
Bar code size

The size of the bar code has historically been known as magnification. This technique relies upon setting a nominal size (100%) that is directly related to a given X-dimension (module width). The more precise X-dimension is now also used to specify permissible bar code symbol sizes. X-dimensions (magnification) can vary within certain limits. If a bar code is not within these limits, it may not scan. Any reduction in X-dimensions (magnification) below the nominal size (100%) may reduce reliability. Reliability of scanning is always enhanced
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by selecting an X-dimension (magnification factor) higher than the theoretical minimum. The EAN Australia bar code size gauge shows the magnification factor of various EAN-13 and EAN-8 bar codes. These gauges are available from EAN Australia. Figure 13, Figure 14, Figure 15 and Figure 16 show nominal size EAN-13, EAN-8, UCC/EAN-128, and ITF-14 bar codes. Printerthe printer decides the bar code size by carrying out tests, usually with printability gauges, during production runs. The results establish the minimum bar code size that should be printed on the trade item. EAN Australia supplies printability gauges. Artwork designerthe Artwork designer must work closely with the printer to allow sufficient space for the bar code in the packaging design.
The designer cannot decide on the area required for the bar code without first consulting the printer.
Make sure your artwork designer is aware of this information.

If a label printer is used to print the bar code, the above method of determining size (magnification) is not generally required.
Bar code height

When the printer determines the bar code size, the associated height should not change. A reduced height (truncated) bar code can cause scanning difficulties. This is particularly the case with EAN-13 and EAN-8 bar codes on retail trade items.
Make sure your printer is aware of this information.
Light Margin Areas

The light margin of the bar code, also called the quiet zone, is a solid, light area before the first bar and after the last bar. This area enables the scanner to recognise the beginning and end of a bar code. The size of the light margin area varies, depending on the X-dimension (magnification factor) chosen for the bar code.
Make sure your printer is aware of this information. This is extremely

important.
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EANUCC bar codes at nominal size

Light margins
25.93
24.50 23.18
22.85
2.75
3.63
<
31.35
>
2.31
37.29 Light Margin Indicator
Light Margin Indicator
Figure 13 Nominal size (100%) EAN-13 bar code
Light margins
21.31 19.88 18.56 18.23
2.75
2.31
<
22.11 26.73
>
2.31 Light Margin Indicator
Light Margin Indicator
Figure 14 Nominal size (100%) EAN-8 bar code
10.2 mm
136.14 mm
10.2 mm
Figure 15 Nominal size (100%) UCC/EAN-128 bar code
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32 mm
5.72 mm 122.428mm d1
10.2mm
Figure 16
Nominal Size (100%) ITF-14 bar code
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41.4 mm
4.8 mm
31.8 mm
d2
152.428 mm
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Dimensions of EAN-13 and EAN-8 bar codes

Magnifications limits are from 80% to 200% of the nominal size (100%) for retail environments. (An allowable minimum magnification of 75% is applicable only to on demand print processes such as thermal. In this case, the bar height should never be truncated below the minimum required height for 80%). Where a trade item may also be scanned in a general distribution environment, the magnification limits are 150% to 200%.
Dimensions of EAN bar codes (mm) XEAN-13 dimension Width not Width (Ideal incl light incl light module margins margins width)
0.264 0.281 0.297 0.314 0.330 0.347 0.363 0.380 0.396 0.413 0.429 0.446 0.462 0.479 0.495 0.512 0.528 0.545 0.561 0.578 0.594 0.611 0.627 0.644 0.660 25.08 26.65 28.22 29.78 31.35 32.92 34.49 36.05 37.62 39.19 40.76 42.32 43.89 45.46 47.03 48.59 50.16 51.73 53.30 54.86 56.43 58.00 59.57 61.13 62.70 29.83 31.70 33.56 35.43 37.29 39.15 41.02 42.88 44.75 46.61 48.48 50.34 52.21 54.07 55.94 57.80 59.66 61.53 63.39 65.26 67.12 68.99 70.85 72.72 74.58
EAN-8 Height Width not incl incl light interp. margins

20.74 22.04 23.34 24.63 25.93 27.23 28.52 29.82 31.12 32.41 33.71 35.01 36.30 37.60 38.90 40.19 41.49 42.78 44.08 45.38 46.67 47.97 49.27 50.56 51.86 17.69 18.79 19.90 21.00 22.11 23.22 24.32 25.43 26.53 27.64 28.74 29.85 30.95 32.06 33.17 34.27 35.38 36.48 37.59 38.69 39.80 40.90 42.01 43.11 44.22
Mag Factor
0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.40 1.45 1.50 1.55 1.60 1.65 1.70 1.75 1.80 1.85 1.90 1.95 2.00
Width incl light margins

21.38 22.72 24.06 25.39 26.73 28.07 29.40 30.74 32.08 33.41 34.75 36.09 37.42 38.76 40.10 41.43 42.77 44.10 45.44 46.78 48.11 49.45 50.79 52.12 53.46
Height incl interp.

17.05 18.11 19.18 20.24 21.31 22.38 23.44 24.51 25.57 26.64 27.70 28.77 29.83 30.90 31.97 33.03 34.10 35.16 36.23 37.29 38.36 39.42 40.49 41.55 42.62
Note: Mag. = magnification, LM = Light Margins, x = X-dimension, interp. = Human Readable Interpretation
Table 10 Dimensions of EAN bar codes at various X-dimensions (magnification factors)
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The required light margins & heights for EAN-13 and EAN-8 bar codes are listed below in Table 11.
EAN-13 Magnification Left Light Margin Right Light Margin 1.85 1.96 2.08 2.19 2.31 2.43 2.54 2.66 2.77 2.89 3.00 3.12 3.23 3.35 3.47 3.58 3.70 3.81 3.93 4.04 4.16 4.27 4.39 4.50 4.62 Height of bars only (excl guard bars) 18.28 19.42 20.57 21.71 22.85 23.99 25.14 26.28 27.42 28.56 29.71 30.85 31.99 33.13 34.28 35.42 36.56 37.70 38.85 39.99 41.13 42.27 43.42 44.56 45.70 Left Light Margin EAN-8 Right Light Margin Height of bars only (excl. guard bars) 14.58 15.50 16.41 17.32 18.23 19.14 20.05 20.96 21.88 22.79 23.70 24.61 25.52 26.43 27.35 28.26 29.17 30.08 30.99 31.90 32.81 33.73 34.64 35.55 36.46
0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.40 1.45 1.50 1.55 1.60 1.65 1.70 1.75 1.80 1.85 1.90 1.95 2.00
2.90 3.09 3.27 3.45 3.63 3.81 3.99 4.17 4.36 4.54 4.72 4.90 5.08 5.26 5.45 5.63 5.81 5.99 6.17 6.35 6.53 6.72 6.90 7.08 7.26
1.85 1.96 2.08 2.19 2.31 2.43 2.54 2.66 2.77 2.89 3.00 3.12 3.23 3.35 3.47 3.58 3.70 3.81 3.93 4.04 4.16 4.27 4.39 4.50 4.62
1.85 1.96 2.08 2.19 2.31 2.43 2.54 2.66 2.77 2.89 3.00 3.12 3.23 3.35 3.47 3.58 3.70 3.81 3.93 4.04 4.16 4.27 4.39 4.50 4.62
Table 11 Light Margins & Height for EAN-13 & EAN-8 bar codes
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Overall dimensions of ITF-14 bar code

Excluding bearer bar Width incl. LM
71.41 89.32 99.90 114.34 128.59 142.83
Mag. Narrow factor seg
Wide seg
Min. Width height of LM Width not of 10x incl. bars LM

5.1 6.4 7.1 8.2 9.2 10.2 32 32 32 32 32 32 61.214 76.518 85.700 97.942 110.185 122.428
Including bearer bar & LM Width Not incl. H gauges

81.01 98.92 109.50 123.94 138.14 152.43
Width incl. H gauges

87.01 104.92 115.50 129.94 144.14 158.43
Height
0.5 0.625 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
0.508 0.635 0.711 0.813 0.914 1.016
1.270 1.588 1.778 2.032 2.286 2.540
41.6 41.6 41.6 41.6 41.6 41.6
Note: In the heading of this table, Mag. = magnification, LM = Light Margins, x = X-dimension
Table 12Dimensions of ITF-14 bar codes for General Distribution
The ITF-14 bar code can be printed with a magnification factor ranging from 25% to 100%. To ensure efficient reading in any environment, including conveyerised scanning, a minimum magnification factor of 50% should be used. ITF-14 bar codes with a magnification less than 62.5% should not be printed directly on corrugate with conventional (plate based) processes. Magnifications between 100% to 120% are acceptable based on historical specifications, but a migration to the 100% maximum magnification should be made on new artwork. ITF-14 bar code height For scanning in a general distribution environment, the minimum recommended height for an ITF-14 bar code is 32mm. For all other scanning environments, a minimum height of 13mm is acceptable.
Overall dimensions of UCC/EAN-128 bar code

The size of the UCC/EAN-128 bar code depends on:
the X-dimension (module width) chosen the number of characters encoded the number of non-numeric characters in the data.
The UCC/EAN-128 bar code can be printed with an X-dimension of between 0.25mm to 1.016mm (magnification factor ranging from 25% to 100%). To ensure efficient reading in any environment, including
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conveyerised scanning, a minimum X-dimension of 0.495mm (magnification factor of 48.7%) should be used.
X-dimensions for AI 00 Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC) are between 0.50 and 0.94mm (magnifications between 50% to 94%). Mathematically, when W is width, 11 is the number of modules per symbol character, N is the number of symbol characters encoded (excluding the start and stop characters and bar code symbol check character), 66 is the auxiliary characters and X is X-dimension (module width), which at 100% magnification is 1.016mm. W = (11N + 66)X (including light margins)
Figure 17 UCC/EAN-128 bar code at 50% magnification
UCC/EAN-128 bar code dimensions for numeric data

Number of characters including AI 4 6 8 10 12 16 20 30 Dimensions (mm) including light margin areas MF 0.25 X-Dim 0.25 22.35 25.14 27.94 30.73 30.52 39.11 44.70 58.67 MF 0.5 X-Dim 0.5 44.70 50.59 44.70 61.46 67.05 78.23 89.40 117.34 MF 0.6 X-Dim 0.6 53.64 60.35 67.05 73.75 80.46 93.87 107.28 140.81 MF 0.8 X-Dim 0.8 71.52 80.46 89.40 98.34 107.28 125.17 143.05 MF 1.0 X-Dim 1.016 89.4 100.58 111.76 122.93 134.11 156.46
Note: These calculations are based on Character Set C where 2 digits are encoded in 1 symbol character. The inclusion of data in Character Set A and B and shift characters will increase the bar code length.Use the formula at the top of this page. Table 13 UCC/EAN-128 bar code dimensions for numeric data
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UCC/EAN-128 bar code height For scanning in a general distribution environment, the minimum height for a UCC/EAN-128 bar code is 32mm. For all other scanning environments, a minimum height of 13mm is acceptable.
The minimum height for AI 00 Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC) is 32mm. For other bar codes on the Logistics Label, a minimum height of 27mm is acceptable based on historical specifications, but a migration to 32mm should be made. UCC/EAN-128 light margins The compulsory light margin area is 10x, (where x = X-dimension). At the nominal size (100%) the left and right light margins are 10.2mm. Light margins vary according to the X-dimension (magnification).
Bar code colour

The colours you choose for your bar code are very important. To scan a bar code successfully, the scanner must be able to recognise sufficient contrast between dark bars and a light background. Some colour combinations are very effective.

Black bars on a white background are ideal. Avoid high gloss substrate for printing bar codes. Figure 18 illustrates how a scanner sees different colour combinations. A scanner reads the bar code by means of a red light source, so what the scanner sees is quite different to what the human eye sees. Broadly speaking, light colours (including warm colours such as red and orange) are suitable for the background and light margin areas. Dark colours (including black, blue, and green) are suitable for the bars. Although many colour combinations are clearly visible to the eye, some scan and some dont. The colour chart below shows a selection of colours that do and dont scan. Determine the colours for your bar code. Consult your printer or EAN Australia if you are uncertain about which colours to use, or if you are uncertain if the colours you have chosen are suitable.
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Bar Code Verification

To maintain scanning efficiency, bar codes need to be printed correctly and be of a high quality. Verification equipment can assist in providing an indication of the print quality of bar codes. Previously, EAN Australia analysed bar code quality based on two parameters - average bar growth and print contrast. This was known as Traditional Verification. In recent years, EAN Australia's verification service has adopted the globally used ISO/IEC 15416 method for the quality analysis of bar codes, which takes into account seven main parameters covering various aspects of print quality. The ISO method is fully compatible with the ANSI standards that were released by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). This verification method can provide a standard means of reporting between printers/brand owners and trading partners. Unlike traditional verification, the ISO method of verification looks at a bar code in a similar way to the way a scanner sees it. The overall quality assessed by the verifier is expressed in a grade ranging from 4-0 (A-F). Given that the bar code is located in the correct position, clear of seams, seals and tape, that truncation is avoided and the sample is as close as possible to the final printed item, the resultant ISO grade should correlate very closely with the actual scanning performance of the bar code. The higher the grade, the more likely the bar code will scan successfully. Please note that the use of a verifier should be supplemented with other appropriate checks, such as visual checks, in order to perform a complete verification process. What verifiers do not do:
Verifiers do not measure bar height. Without additional software linking the decoded data to a database, it
cannot be confirmed that the data content of a bar code is what it should be.
Verifiers cannot confirm the bar codes dimensions are what are
intended.
A verifier cannot check that the human readable translation corresponds

to the encoded data.
Even a perfect bar code at the time of production can be damaged or

otherwise affected in its passage through the supply chain.
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Testing to the ISO method

EANUCC utilize the ISO method of verification, and specify the minimum grade necessary for every bar code, as well as specifying the verifier aperture width (size of hole in the testing equipment) and wavelength of the light source. For example, an EAN-13 bar code will always be verified using a 6 mil aperture (0.15mm), a 670nm +/- 10 wavelength of light, and require a minimum ISO grade of 1.5 (C). This is typically expressed on a verification report as 1.5/06/660. Verifiers have a menu to adjust the aperture and wavelength according to the type of bar code being assessed and the magnification of the bar code. The table below provides you with a quick reference guide to the minimum grades for each bar code and the appropriate aperture sizes and wavelengths that should be used.
Symbology
EAN/UPC
ISO (ANSI) Aperture Passing Grade 1.5 (C) 1.5 (C)1 6 mils (0.150mm) 10 mils (0.250mm) 20 mils (0.550mm)
Wavelength (nanometers)
670nm 670nm
ITF-14
(50%-62.5% magnification)
ITF-14
(>=62.5% magnification)
0.5 (D)
670nm
UCC/EAN128 UCC/EAN128 (SSCC)
1.5 (C)
10 mils (0.250mm) 10 mils (0.250mm)
670nm
1.5 (C)
670nm
Table 14 Minimum ISO Grades For All Symbologies
There are several steps involved in arriving at an overall ISO grade. Where as traditional verification relies on a single scan across a bar code, the ISO verification process involves the bar code being assessed on an average of 3-10 scans in both directions and evenly throughout the entire height of the bar code.
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The requirement is for ten scans to be taken. However, if the first 3 scans are in excess of the pass grade required and there is general consistency in the results of the first 3 scans, it is not necessary to complete the full 10 scans. For each of the 3-10 scans taken across the bar code, a Scan Reflectance Profile is obtained. This is simply a record of the reflectance values measured along a single line across the entire width of the bar code. This Scan Reflectance Profile is then used to measure and grade the following parameters: Decode, Symbol Contrast, Minimum Reflectance, Edge Contrast, Modulation, Defects and Decodability. Firstly, an edge determination test is performed, which is basically whether the correct number of bars and spaces have been encountered in the Scan Reflectance Profile for the type of bar code being tested (for example there are 30 bars and 29 spaces in an EAN-13 bar code, total 59 elements). In order for all the ISO parameters to pass, all the elements need to cross an imaginary line called the Global Threshold. This is half way between the highest reflectance value and the lowest reflectance value. Refer to Scan Reflectance Profile on page 41 (below).
Figure 19 Scan Reflectance Profile
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Parameters Assessed Using ISO Method

Decode - (Pass Or Fail) Decode uses the algorithm for decoding the bar code. If the bar code can be decoded the parameter is given a pass (4). If it cannot be decoded, it is given a fail (0). This parameter also assesses whether or not the correct number of elements cross the global threshold. If the correct number are found a grade of 4 is given. If not then a global threshold failure has occurred and the parameter receives a 0 grade. Possible causes of failure for the parameter are:
Bar and spaces being so out of specification that the bar code cannot be
decoded
One or more elements did not cross the global threshold. If global
threshold failure occurs, this results in a decodability grade of 0
Incorrect check digit Absence of guard bars Light margin infringement that crosses the global threshold Highly reflective substrate
Symbol Contrast - (4,3,2,1,0) This is a measure of the contrast between the bars and background colours. The formula for calculating this measure is: Symbol Contrast = Max Reflectance - Minimum Reflectance >=70% = 4 >=55% = 3 >=40% = 2 >=20% = 1 <20% = 0 Possible causes of failure for this parameter are:
Incorrect bar or background colours Show through from contents Transparent substrates Reflective and glossy materials
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Minimum Reflectance - Pass Or Fail In this assessment the reflectance value for at least one bar must be half or less than the highest reflectance value for a space. For example if the highest reflectance value is 80%, then at least one bar must register a reflectance value of 40% or less. The formula for calculating this is: Reflectance Min<Reflectance Max/2 = 4 Reflectance Min>Reflectance Max/2 = 0 Possible causes of failure for the parameter are:
Bar colour not dark enough

Edge Contrast - (Pass Or Fail) This is the measure of the contrast between adjacent bars and spaces. The reflectance value of the bar is deducted from the reflectance value of the space. If any of these measurements are less than 15%, this parameter fails. It is calculated according to the following formula: Edge Contrast (min) = Space Reflectance (min) - Bar Reflectance (max) of the worst pair >=15% = 4 < 15% = 0 Possible causes of failure for this parameter are:
Variations in ink weight in different parts of the symbol (uniformity of

ink spread, ink viscosity)
One or more feint bars Fluctuations in the background reflectance (for example with brown
kraft substrates)
Scanners tend to see the narrow elements less distinctly than they do
wider ones Modulation - (4,3,2,1,0) Modulation is a measure of Edge Contrast as a proportion of Symbol Contrast. The closer the edge contrast is to the overall symbol contrast the better as this implies that the overall differences between the bar and space reflectances are consistent. A low edge contrast value carries a greater risk of causing poor reading results when symbol contrast is high, than the same edge contrast value has when symbol contrast is low.
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The formula for assessing this is: Edge Contrast (min)/Symbol Contrast >=0.70 = 4 >=0.60 = 3 >=0.50 = 2 >=0.40 = 1 <0.40 = 0 Possible causes of failure for this parameter are:
If failure occurs in this parameter it will be related to edge contrast or

symbol contrast, although it is usually a result of a poor edge contrast grade
Scanners tend to see narrow elements less distinctly than they do wider
ones
Reflective or translucent packaging Wide bars/ink spread

Defects - (4,3,2,1,0) In this instance the equipment is looking for defects in the bar code, either in the form of flaws in the substrate or in the bar code printing. The verifier looks at the uniformity of the reflectance throughout each individual element of the bar code. If this varies significantly then there is some defect within the bar code. This formula is: Element Reflectance Non-Uniformity (ERN)/Symbol Contrast <=0.15 = 4 <=0.20 = 3 <=0.25 = 2 <=0.30 = 1 >0.30 = 0 Possible causes of failure for this parameter are:

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Split bars Shadowy bars Poor uniformity of ink spread Flecks in the background colour
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Insufficient light margins where the infringement does not cross the
global threshold Decodability - (4,3,2,1,0) This parameter is the measure of how close the scan reflectance profile is to approaching decode failure. Each symbology has published dimensions for element widths and provides margins or tolerances for errors in the printing and reading process. Decodability measures the amount of margin left within these tolerances before decode failure will occur. >= 0.62 = 4 >= 0.50 = 3 >= .037 = 2 >= 0.25 = 1 < 0.25 = 0 Possible causes for failure for this parameter:
Bar widths are out of specification/excessive bar gain (ink spread) Global Threshold failure. Refer to the Decode parameter Within the EAN/UPC symbology, characters 1,2,7 & 8 may fail this
parameter as they require an additional adjustment to their bar widths. Please refer to the EAN Australia User Manual - Symbology & Printing page 11 for further details.
Overall Symbol Grade

After the scans are taken, a Symbol Grade is given based on the results of the above 7 parameters. This is the lowest grade received for any parameter in a scan reflectance profile. For example, if a grade of 4 or Pass is received for all parameters except for Modulation, which received a grade of 2, then the Symbol Grade is 2. The bar code is assessed on an average of 3-10 scans, and as such the Overall Symbol Grade is the average of the lowest symbol grade achieved for any parameter in each of the scans.
The target measurement for all bar code symbols is ISO Grade 4. The minimum acceptable measurement is ISO Grade 1.5. The only exception is for ITF-14 bar codes with a magnification equal
to or greater than 62.5% (X-dimension 0.635mm), for which it may be difficult to achieve better than a Grade 0.5.
For ITF-14 bar codes that will be scanned in a general distribution

environment (warehouse, DC) an overall symbol grade of at least 1.0 is recommended.
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The ISO grade achieved may provide a basis for acceptance of bar
coded items by your trading partners. It is recommended that companies check with their trading partners for their specific minimum ISO grade requirements.
A B C D F 3.5 to 4.0 2.5 - 3.4 1.5 - 2.4 0.5 - 1.4 Less than 0.5
Table 15 ANSI To ISO Grade Conversion
Adherence to the EANUCC guidelines outlined in this manual will aid in achieving an acceptable ISO grade. EAN Australia provides a bar code testing service, which utilises the ISO method and provides customers with a verification report. Information on submitting samples or ISO verification can obtained from www.ean.com.au or by contacting the Help Desk on 1300 366 033.
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The importance of correctly locating bar codes
Productivity and scanning accuracy improve considerably when the bar code location is predictable. Consistency in the location of the bar code achieves maximum productivity in any scanning environment.
The recommendations in this section are advisory, not compulsory; but we strongly recommend that you follow them. Industry standardisation of the bar code location assists in achieving the best results from scanning. Information in this section is provided as a guide for correctly locating the bar code when developing packaging for new products and should be adopted if economically feasible when changing the graphics of existing products.
This guideline replaces previous recommendations, but it is not intended that manufacturers should scrap packaging printed according to previous guidelines. When packaging is redesigned these recommendations should be observed. In the meantime, breaking these guidelines should not be taken as a reason for rejection of the trade item.
Basic principles
There are four main categories within this section: 1 2 3 4 location of the bar code on retail trade items location of the bar code on non-retail trade items (trade units) pallet label location attribute data bar code location.
Follow the guidelines in this section for the type of trade item you are placing the bar code on.
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General guidelines for retail trade items

The bar code, including the human readable digits underneath, must be visible and clear. If the trade item carrying the bar code is very small and will accommodate only a truncated bar code, as a last resort, it may be necessary to place the human readable digits either rolled over the top or bottom, or to the left of the bar code. This ensures that the height of the bars is extended as much as the packaging allows.
Never allow two or more bar codes with different GTINs to be visible on a package. This is particularly relevant to multipacks, especially those with clear wrapping. Multipacks must carry a separate unique number, with all other bar codes obscured. Scanning is most successful when the bar code is printed on a reasonably smooth surface. Avoid printing around corners or on folds, creases, seams, and any other uneven packaging area. Whenever possible, do not place the bar code on the lid or neck of an trade item. This helps ensure that contents do not spill or leak when the trade item is passed over the scanner. If the trade item is random wrapped, it is acceptable to print two or more of the same bar codes on the wrapping. This ensures that one complete bar code is always visible. Sometimes the irregular shape of packaging prevents the bar code from flat (parallel) contact with the scanning surface. This applies in particular to carded, blister packed, or concave trade items. In these cases, make sure the distance between the bar code area and the scanner surface does not exceed 12 mm. When determining which orientation to print the bar code, take into account the print process involved. For example, when using a flexographic process, it is essential to print the bar code in the print direction because of the ink spread associated with this printing process. When using a lithography process, spread is usually insignificant. Consult your printer in all cases. On cylindrical products, where the printing direction allows, it is generally desirable that the bars are horizontal (ladder style) when you stand the trade item on its natural base. This caters for the problems associated with curves on trade items such as cans and bottles. The ladder orientation is imperative for curved surfaces with a small radius. See Cylindrical surfaces on page 49.
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For general retail trade items, the positioning of the bar code is on the lower right quadrant of the back respecting the proper light margin areas around the bar code and the edge rule. The alternative is on the lower right quadrant of another side of the container. Marking on the base of an trade item continues to be acceptable but not preferred.
EDGE RULE: The bar code must not be closer than 8 mm to any edge, or further than 100 mm from the nearest edge of the package/container. Previous guidelines suggested a distance of 5 mm as a minimum, however practical experience has shown this to be inadequate.
Identifying the back of the trade item

The front of the trade item is the primary trading/advertising area which typically displays the product name and the companys logo. The back of the trade item is directly opposite the front and is the preferred location of the bar code for most trade items.
Specific retail trade items

Spot labels
For trade items carrying spot labels, the positioning of the bar code (in decreasing order of preference) is towards the: 1 2 lower right of the back label, if one is available. lower right of the front label.
Cylindrical surfaces
On cylindrical and curved surfaces other than those with spot labels, the preferred bar code location is towards the lower right quadrant of the back, of the trade item. Determine what part of the trade item is the back from the graphic design.
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When deciding which way to orientate the bar code, always give the first consideration to the print direction.
Figure 20 Example of Bar Code Location on Cans and Cylinders
When printing on a curved surface, whenever possible, place the bars perpendicular (at right angles) to the generating line of the trade items surface. This orientation is called the horizontal or ladder style. See Figure 21, below, for an example.
Diameter Generating line of surface Ladder style bar code
Figure 21 Curved trade item bar code location
9 31 23 45 678 90 7
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The ladder style orientation is mandatory for a curve with a small diameter. A small diameter is when the angle between the line touching the centre of the curved bar code (a) and the line touching the outer edge of the guard bars (b) exceeds 30 degrees, as shown in Figure 22.
(b) 90o 30o max. (a) Outer edge of guard bars on bar code Edge of light margin Figure 22 Minimum angles for a curved bar code
Table 16 shows:
maximum magnification factors for different curve diameters minimum curve diameters for bar codes with different magnification
factors.
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Curve diameter of container (cm)
Maximum magnification factor EAN-13 & UPC-A bar codes EAN-8 bar code
Magnification factor
Minimum curve diameter of container (cm) EAN-13 & UPC-A bar codes EAN-8 bar code
3 cm and under 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 and over
* * * * 0.83 0.92 1.00 1.08 1.17 1.25 1.34 1.42 1.50 1.59 1.67 1.75 1.84 1.92 2.00
* 0.83 0.95 1.07 1.18 1.30 1.42 1.54 1.66 1.78 1.90 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00
4.8 5.4 6.0 6.6 7.2 7.8 8.4 9.0 9.6 10.2 10.8 11.4 12.0
3.4 3.8 4.2 4.7 5.1 5.5 5.9 6.4 6.8 7.2 7.6 8.0 8.5
Table 16 Magnification factors for different curve diameters
Note:* The magnification factor necessary for the 30 constraint to be respected is smaller than the acceptable standards permit (less than 0.8). Hence, the bar code will have to be pivoted through an angle of 90 or be printed in another location.
Bottles and jars

Bottles and jars normally carry spot labels applied to confined areas of the package, not covering the entire surface or wrapping around the entire perimeter. Application of the bar code to the neck of a bottle is not recommended. Bar code location on the neck of the bottle necessitates additional handling at
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the point-of-sale and space limitations on this area of the bottle usually result in bar code truncation. Preferred location On the lower right quadrant of the back, near the edge, respecting the proper light margin (quiet zone) areas around the bar code and the edge rule.
Figure 23 Example of Bar Code Location on Bottles and Jars
Blister pack
Blister packs are pre-formed clear bubbles, or blisters, containing product and backed or topped with cardboard stock. To ensure quality scanning the bar code must clear the edges of the blister. Avoid placing the bar code under the blister pack or placing the bar code over any perforations on the back of the package. Preferred location On the lower right quadrant of the back, near the edge, respecting the proper light margin (quiet zone) areas around the bar code and the edge rule.
Figure 24 Example of Bar Code Location on Blister Pack
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Bar code location
Cartons
This package type includes cuboid or cylindrical cardboard or plastic cartons, as well as rectangular sleeves (used for such products as light bulbs). These packages might contain anything from crackers or cereal to detergents. Preferred location On the lower right quadrant of the back, near the edge, respecting the light margin (quiet zone) areas around the bar code and the edge rule.
Figure 25 Example of Bar Code Location on Cartons
Carded trade items

Small, loose, or non-packaged trade items that are difficult to label are placed on cards that are marked with a bar code. Examples include hammers, toys, and kitchen utensils. When placing bar code on carded trade items, it is important to take into consideration the proximity of the bar code to the product. Be sure to allow adequate space for the bar code, avoiding any obstructions that might be caused by placing the bar code too close to the product. In addition, do not place the bar code over any perforations or other obstructions on the package. Preferred location On the lower right quadrant of the back, near the edge (although observing the edge rule) and respecting the proper light margin (quiet zone) areas around the bar code.
Figure 26 Example of Bar Code Location on Carded trade items
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Egg cartons
Moulded pulp, foam, or plastic egg cartons come in sizes according to the count of the eggs contained. The recommended bar code location is on the side of the lid portion of the egg carton that opens and closes to cover the eggs. The uneven surface of the moulded bottom of an egg carton prevents bar code location in this area. Preferred location Near the edge, on the right half of the back, above the hinge on the lid, respecting the proper light margin (quiet zone) areas around the bar code and the edge rule.
Figure 27 Example of Bar Code Location on Egg Cartons
Jugs
Jugs are glass or plastic containers with built-in handle(s) that aid in pouring of contents. Jugs normally carry spot labels applied to defined areas of the package, not covering the entire surface of the trade item or wrapping around the entire perimeter of the trade item. Application of the bar code to the neck of the jug is not recommended. Location of the bar code on the neck of the jug necessitates additional handling at the point-of-sale and space limitations on the neck usually result in bar code truncation.
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Bar code location
Preferred location On the lower right quadrant of the back, near the edge (although observing the edge rule) and respecting the proper light margin (quiet zone) areas around the bar code.
Figure 28 Example of Bar Code Location on Jugs
Tubes
Tubes are cylindrical shaped trade items or containers that are either sealed at both ends, such as sausage or refrigerated dough; or that are sealed at one end and have a cap or valve on the other end, such as tooth paste or caulk. Preferred location On the lower right quadrant of the back, near the edge (although observing the edge rule), respecting the proper light margin (quiet zone) areas around the bar code.
Figure 29 Example of Bar Code Location on Tubes

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Multipacks
Single trade items are sometimes packaged together as one unit or trade item. This is referred to as a multipack. Multipacks provide convenience to the consumer, and/or may represent a price reduction compared to purchasing trade items individually. Typical multipacks contain bottles, cans, jars and tubs. As a general rule, a bar code should be placed on every consumer package traded through the supply chain. Consequently, trade items sold in multipacks as well as those sold individually must carry a unique bar code for each consumer package variation or aggregation. To avoid confusion at the point-of-sale, the multipack bar code should be the only visible bar code when both the multipack and individual trade items are bar coded. The binder of the multipack acts as a screen to obscure the bar codes on the individual trade items. Special Note for Can Multipacks: Avoid placing the bar code on the top or bottom of the container, since the cans have a tendency to cause impressions in the cardboard and distort the bar code. These can impressions in the bar code may reduce the quality of the scanning. Preferred location On the lower right quadrant of the back, near the edge (though observing the edge rule) and respecting the proper light margin (quiet zone) areas around the bar code.
Figure 30 Example of Bar Code Location on Multipacks
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Bar code location
Over-wrap
Trade items to be sold in multiples are mechanically gathered and covered with clear over-wrap material which may carry print. Typical over-wrapped trade items are small cereal boxes and drinks. Package over-wrap can create two distinct problems: 1 Obscuring the bar code on individual units inside the multipack is necessary so they are not confused with the outer multipack bar code that must be different. Over-wrapping with such materials as cellophane causes diffraction of the light beam of the scanner and can reduce contrast which may cause scanning inefficiencies.
To determine proper bar code location for over-wrapped packaging, follow the guidelines specific to the applicable package type/shape .
Figure 31 Example of Bar Code Location on Over-Wrapped trade item
Random (Unregistered) Wrap

Some wrappers, like those used on sandpaper, have a repeating design and are neither cut nor placed on the product such that a particular part of the design always appears in the same location. This is referred to as random or unregistered wrapping. As the wrapper is not registered, it is unlikely that the bar code will appear on one face of the package when the wrapper is placed on the product. Experience has shown that the presence of more than one bar code on a package can have a detrimental effect on scanning productivity and, more importantly, can lead to a double read. For this reason, the use of registered
Bar code location
packaging is preferred. If random wrap must be used, the minimum requirement is to print the bar code with sufficient frequency that a full bar code will appear on one package face. Double reads are more likely when the gaps between the bar codes are larger. Repeating bar codes should never be more than 150mm apart. Consideration should also be given to elongating the bars of the bar code to ensure a full bar code on one face, instead of repeating it.
Figure 32 Example of Bar Code Location on Random-Wrapped trade item
Shrink film/vacuum-formed packages

The bar code on an trade item packaged in shrink film or that is vacuumformed should be located on a flat surface and in an area free of creases, wrinkles, or other types of distortions. Refer to the Example of Bar Code Location on Shrink Film/Vacuum-Formed trade item on page 59. Due to the curvature of the hot dogs, the Ladder orientation was selected.
Figure 33 Example of Bar Code Location on Shrink Film/Vacuum-Formed trade item

Bar code location
Books
The preferred location for the bar code on a book is:
on the outside back cover on the lower right quadrant, near the spine, respecting the proper light
margin areas around the bar code
An additional bar code (with the same GTIN) may appear on the inside
cover for books which are subject to return.
Edge Rule - The bar code must not be closer than 8 mm or further than
100 mm from the nearest edge of the item. The order of preference for the orientation of the bar code on a book is: 1 2 horizontal, called the picket fence style. in ladder style .
9312345678907
Picket fence style
Figure 34 Bar code location on books
Magazines
The preferred location for the bar code on a magazine is:
on the outside front coverthe front cover provides you with greater
editorial freedom than the back cover, which is often used for advertisements
on the lower left quadrant, near the edge, respecting the proper light
margin areas around the bar code. This provides the most protection from damage caused by creases
Edge Rule - The bar code must not be closer than 8 mm or further than
100 mm from the nearest edge of the item. The order of preference for the orientation of the bar code on a magazine is: 1 2 in ladder style. in picket fence style.
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Newspapers
When displayed for sale as shown on the left in the example below, place the bar code on the lower left quadrant of the front, near the edge, respecting the proper light margins (quiet zone) areas around the bar code. If an add-on bar code is used, it must be located to the right of the regular bar code and parallel to it.
When displayed for sale as shown in the example below, place the bar code on the lower right quadrant of the back, near the edge, respecting the proper light margin (quiet zone) areas around the bar code. If an add-on bar code is used, it must be located to the right of the regular bar code and parallel to it.
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Exceptions to the general retail location guidelines

Large, heavy, bulky trade itemsbags
The preferred location is one bar code at the front on the top of the upper right quadrant, near the edge, and the other on the back of the bag, centred in the lower right quadrant.
Figure 35 Example of Bar Code Location on Large, Heavy, or Bulky Bags
Large, heavy, bulky trade itemsother packages

The preferred bar code location for these trade items is the same as their smaller corresponding size trade items.
Bags
Bags are often called sacks or pouches. This category includes paper or plastic containers that are:
Fold-sealed on both ends (i.e., flour and sugar) Fold-sealed on one end and pinched sealed at the other end (i.e., potato
chips)
Pinch-sealed at both ends (i.e., cough drops) Fold-sealed on one end and gathered at the other end (i.e., bread) Some bags are sealed at both ends and carded for display, such as bags
of sweets. These types of trade items are not considered a bag package type, but fall into the category of carded trade items.
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Preferred location On the centre of the back, about one third up from the bottom and away from the edge, respecting the proper light margin (quiet zone) areas around the bar code and the edge rule.
Figure 36 Example of Bar Code Location on Bags
Apparel
Trade items in clear, flexible packaging If the trade item inside the clear package has an attached label, the position of the label is the recommended bar code location for that trade item. Otherwise, the preferred locations are towards the lower right: 1 2 back of the pack. front of the pack.
Swing tags Locate the bar code towards the lower right of the swing tag, above any tear off strips or blank pricing area. When the swing tag is a two-sided label, locate the bar code on the side where other consumer information is printed, for example, size, style, and colour. Attach the swing tag to the trade item so that an operator can turn it easily at the point of sale. To best achieve this, make the minimum length of the swing tag or any other form of attachment 7 cm. Long sleeve and sleeveless garments The first preferred location for the bar code is on the swing tag attached to the name label in the centre back neck.
Bar code location
For sleeved garments, the second preferred location is on the end of the left sleeve, attached to the inner seam. For sleeveless garments, the second preferred location is near the left armhole where the seams come together.
1st preferred
2nd preferred
1st preferred
2nd preferred
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Waisted garments On waisted garments, attach the swing tag as close as possible to the left of the waist band or on the belt loops.
1st preferred
2nd preferred
Stick on and attached labels

The preferred location for the bar code is towards the lower right of the label. Avoid any stapling or stitching.
Products carrying more than one label

When an trade item carries both a swing tag and a stick on label, it is preferable to have the bar code appear on the swing tag.
Hi-cone packs
Hi-cones are plastic rings used to attach cans together. When using hi-cone packaging, it is not possible to obscure the bar codes on the individual trade items. Each can in the pack should carry an individual bar code. Do not attempt to bar code the multipack separately.
Horticultural trade items

Firmly attach the label to the trade item, for example, using a lock-in rigid label. This is also preferable for security reasons. For lock-in rigid labels, suitable positions for the bar code (in decreasing order of preference) are on the: 1 2 lower part of the front of the label. upper part of the back of the label.
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Bar code location
The preferred location for the bar code on pre-printed self adhesive labels for punnets is as high as possible on one of the narrow sides of the punnet. For all other trade items, the preferred location for the bar code is towards the lower part of the pot, avoiding any areas of excessive moisture. The preferred location for the bar code on pre-printed pots or punnets is on the lower part of the punnet. Trays for carrying punnets or tubs are a separate retail trade item. They must carry a separate bar code. For pictorial tie-on labels, suitable positions for the bar code (in decreasing order of preference) are on the: 1 2 removable perforated section. area left clear on the label for the addition of a bar code.
Pharmaceutical trade items

If pharmaceutical trade items are too small to permit the printing of a full height bar code, as a last resort, print the bar code at a reduced height. Maintain as much of the bar code height as the package allows. Consider this option only after consultation with EAN Australia.
Non-retail trade items

Cartons
Whilst the absolute minimum requirement for non-retail trade items is one bar code, it is highly recommended for efficiency of scanning, that a minimum of two bar codes be printed/applied to the sides of the carton. Ensure that:
the lower edge of bars is exactly 32 mm from the lower edge of the base
of the carton
no part of the bar code (including light margins & bearer bars) is closer
than 19mm to any vertical edge.
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19mm * The 32mm measurement is from the bottom of the bars.
=32 mm
19mm
19 mm on both sides
Figure 37 Bar code location on cartons

The above location recommendations apply to non-retail trade items carrying an EAN-13, UCC/EAN-128 or an ITF-14 bar code. If the trade item may be scanned in both a retail POS and general distribution environment, then the bar code should be located according to the non-retail bar code location guidelines.
Attribute data
The preferred location for attribute data is aligned with and to the right or left of the main bar code. It should be as close as possible to the main bar code whilst respecting the light margins & ensuring that it does not obscure the pre-existing bar code. If data can be concatenated and one bar code produced, this option should be pursued. Bar codes containing data essential for complete item identification (trade measurements for example), should be aligned with and to the right of the bar code containing the GTIN (the main bar code).
7) (1
0 12 98
(1 7)
98 12 10
Figure 38 Location of attribute data
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Bar code location
Shallow trays
If the height of the non-retail unit is less than 50mm, making it impossible to print a full height bar code with the human readable interpretation below the bars, or if the construction of the unit is such that the full height bar code cannot be accommodated, the following options should be considered (in order of preference): 1 Place the human readable interpretation to the left of the bar code, outside the light margin area. When the height of the unit is less than 32mm, the bar code may be placed on the top of the package, with the bars perpendicular to the shortest side, no closer than 19mm from any edge.
Film-wrapped trade items

If individual trade items in a film-wrapped (shrink-wrapped or stretchwrapped) package all have bar codes, and the film-wrapped package also has a bar code, the danger exists of a scanner reading the bar codes on the trade items within the non-retail package. Make every possible effort to obscure the bar codes on the trade items inside the film-wrapped package. Place the retail trade item bar codes close to the base of the item, in ladder orientation. This allows tray sides to obscure whole bar codes, not just reduce the height of (truncate) them. If possible, place all retail trade items in the film-wrapped non-retail package with the bar codes facing inwards. You can also use film-wrap that has obscuring patterns on it that hide the bar codes on the inside of the wrapper.
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Pallets/Logistics Units
For more details on the labelling of pallets, see The EANUCC logistics label on page 121.
Pallets
For all types of pallets, including full pallets containing individual trade items and single trade items, (such as a fridge or washing machine), bar codes should be placed at a height between 400 mm and 800 mm from the base of the unit. Including light margins, the bar codes should be no closer than 50 mm from any vertical edge to avoid damage.
For pallets less than 400 millmetres in height

For pallets less than 400 mm high, the bar codes should be placed as high as possible while protecting the bar code. Whilst the absolute minimum requirement for pallets/logistics units is one bar code, it is strongly recommended for efficiency of scanning, that at least two sides of the item be bar coded with the same data.
50mm
between 400mm and 800mm
Figure 38 Location of the EANUCC logistics label
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Bar code location
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Introduction
On a daily basis information related to parties and locations is generated and communicated throughout the business world in vast quantities. Names and addresses are put on envelopes for the mail, the point to which a delivery is to be made is put on transport documentation, EDI network addresses are provided in EDI messages, etc. These are just a few examples of the many applications in existence today which identify parties or locations in trade or other communications. With the advent of electronic communication, and particularly EDI (Electronic Data Interchange), the need for the identification of parties and locations has become more acute. The use of numeric identification instead of full alpha-numeric names and addresses is the key to the successful implementation of an EDI project. GLNs offer an internationally recognised standard solution to the identification of parties and locations. Once assigned at the source, ie. in general by the party owning the location, the GLN becomes a unique and universal reference which can be used by all. The GLN is a 13-digit non-significant reference number used to identify:
Legal entities, eg. registered companies Functional entities, eg. specific department within a legal entity Physical entities, eg. a door of a warehouse, a particular room in a
building. GLNs can be used to identify anything which is, or can be, addressed. Examples would include companies, departments, rooms, factories, shelves, delivery points, EDI network addresses, etc. Details associated with the GLN, eg. name and address, location type, contact persons, communications numbers, banking information, delivery requirements or restrictions, etc., are stored in the computer files of the system users for later retrieval.
Although the GLN is strictly a reference key and does not carry any information on the location it identifies, it has a standard format and is structured to allow each global location number to be unambiguous and unique world-wide.
The format of a GLN is a 13-digit, fixed length numeric field, structured in the same way as the EAN/UCC-13 numbering structure. GLNs are mainly used in EDI transactions to identify the sender and recipient of an electronic transmission and any party relevant to the transaction (buyer, seller, carrier, etc.). GLNs can also be used in bar code format to identify a physical location or to encode the identification of relevant parties in logistic applications, eg. ship to location number. The UCC/EAN-128 bar code and the appropriate Application Identifier should be used; see EANUCC Application Identifiers on page 75 for further details.
GLN and EDI

In any EDI Message Interchange Header segment, there is a need to identify the sender and receiver of the EDI message. The GLN is an ideal way to identify the EAN parties at this level. The UN/EDIFACT Interchange Header segment (UNB) is where this identification is required. The identification of parties and locations within EDI messages is the primary application for GLNs. Within EANCOM the EAN International UN/EDIFACT implementation guideline, a message and some segments exist for the purpose of identifying parties. At the beginning of a commercial relationship, when using EDI, trading partners would advise each other of their global location numbers. The information is used to associate GLNs with location information and the related operational, administrative, commercial and financial data of the trading partner (such as name, address, contact person, financial accounts, etc.). These details would be entered in the trading partners computer systems in readiness to send and receive EDI messages.
When to change a GLN

From time to time the details related to a GLN may change. The address identified by the GLN may change ownership or the address may close and the business carried out at that address may be transferred to a new address. The following are general cases on the use (re-use) of location numbers due to a change in the circumstances in which the number was originally set up.
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If a company sells (possibly because of liquidation) a location to another party who may or may not be using GLN, the GLN for the address which is associated with the previous owner should be closed. If the new owner of the address wishes to identify the location with an GLN, a new number needs to be assigned. If a company closes one address and opens up a similar operation at a new address, the company may either transfer the existing GLN to the new address or assign a new GLN for the new address. The reason for requesting a new location number may be because the owner wants to maintain records on his computer files which show the performance of the old location. At a later date this performance may be compared with the performance of the new location. If a function identified by a GLN changes, the details associated with the GLN should be changed by the party responsible for the location number on the related computer file record. A GLN which is no longer being used should not be re-allocated for at least three years. The delay must allow time for reference of the old number to be removed from trading partners files. When the GLN is re-used, the details relating to the new party and/or location can be retransmitted using EDI. EAN Australia member companies that have been allocated an EANUCC company prefix for item identification should use the GLN that has been specifically assigned to them by EAN Australia as their companys GLN or they can use the same EANUCC company prefix for creating other GLNs. Companies that are not members of EAN Australia are able to use GLNs by contacting EAN Australia for further information.
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Attribute information is data over and above the item identity given by the GTIN (global trade item number). Application Identifiers (AIs) allow you to represent attribute information like batch numbers, serial numbers, durability dates, measurements, as well as item identification, locations, assets and shipments in a standard format. This ensures that the attribute information used by any company can also be used by any other company in the supply chain. Each AI uniquely identifies the meaning and format of the data field following it. The data following the AI may comprise alphabetic and/or numeric characters, of any length up to thirty characters. The data fields are either fixed or variable length, depending on the AI. Individual AI structures are given in Table 17 on page 76. If an AI is used more than once (eg. if a label is applied twice), it must be followed by the same information. This restriction ensures the non-ambiguous interpretation of each AI. AIs and their associated data can only be represented in a UCC/EAN-128 bar code. If an AI is used more than once (eg. if a label is applied twice), it must be followed by the same information. This restriction ensures the nonambiguous interpretation of each AI.
Conventions
The conventions that apply for AI data formats are: a n an alphabetic characters numeric characters alpha-numeric characters (ie. alpha or numeric or mixed).
Examples
Some examples of AI data formats are: a3 n3
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an3 a..3 n..3 an..3 Notes:
three alpha-numeric characters, fixed length variable length up to three alphabetic characters variable length up to three numeric characters variable length up to three alpha-numeric characters.
In the Notes column of Table 17: (1) when indicating only a year and month; fill DD with 00 (meaning that the day is not specified) (2) indicates plus one digit (n) for length indication (3) indicates that these AIs comprise four digits. The first three identify the purpose of the AI and the fourth digit (n) indicates the position of the decimal point.
Format AI 00 01 02 10 11 12 13 15 17 20 21 22 23n 240 241 250 251 252 30 310n 311n 312n 313n 314n 315n 316n 330n (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (2) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Notes Content Identification of a logistic unit (SSCC) Identification number (GTIN) of a trade item Identification of trade items contained in a logistic unit Batch or Lot number Production date (YYMMDD) Due Date (YYMMDD) Packaging date (YYMMDD) Best Before Date (Minimum durability date) (YYMMDD) Expiration Date (Maximum durability date) (YYMMDD) Product variant Serial number Secondary Data For Specific Health Industry Products Lot number (transitional use) Additional product identification assigned by the manufacturer Customer part number Secondary serial number Reference to source entity Global Identifier Serialised For Trade (GIST) Variable count Net weight, kilograms, trade Length or first dimension, metres, trade Width, diameter or second dimension, metres, trade Depth, thickness, height or third dimension, metres, trade Area, square meters, trade Net volume, litres, trade Net volume, cubic metres, trade Logistic weight, kilograms AI n2 n2 n2 n2 n2 n2 n2 n2 n2 n2 n2 n2 n3 n3 n3 n3 n3 n3 n2 n4 n4 n4 n4 n4 n4 n4 n4 Data n18 n14 n14 an..20 n6 n6 n6 n6 n6 n2 an..20 an..29 n..19 an..30 an..30 an..30 an..30 n27 n..8 n6 n6 n6 n6 n6 n6 n6 n6
SSCC GTIN CONTENT BATCH/LOT PROD DATE DUE DATE PACK DATE BEST BEFORE or SELL BY USE BY or EXPIRY VARIANT SERIAL QTY/DATE/BATCH BATCH/LOT ADDITIONAL ID CUST.PART No. SECONDARY SERIAL REF TO SOURCE GIST VAR.COUNT NET WEIGHT (kg) LENGTH (m) WIDTH (m) HEIGHT (m) AREA (m2) NET VOLUME (l) NET VOLUME (m3) GROSS WEIGHT (kg) Data Title
Table 17 List of EANUCC Application Identifiers

Format AI 331n 332n 333n 334n 335n 336n 337n 37 390n 391n 392n 393n 400 401 402 403 410 411 412 413 414 415 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 7001 7002 703n 8001 8002 8003 8004 8005 8006 (3) (3) (3) (3) Notes Content (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Length or first dimension, metres, logistics Width, diameter or second dimension, metres, logistics Depth, thickness, height or third dimension, metres, logistics Area, square metres, logistics Volume, litres, logistics Volume, cubic metres, logistics Kilograms per square metre Count of trade items contained in a logistic unit Amount payable - Single Monetary Area Amount payable - with ISO currency code Amount payable for a Variable Measure Trade Item -Single monetary area Amount payable for a Variable Measure Trade Item - with ISO currency code Customers purchase order number Consignment number Shipment identification number Routing code Ship to (deliver to) EANUCC Global Location Number Bill to (invoice to) EANUCC Global Location Number Purchased from EANUCC Global Location Number Ship for (deliver forforward to) EANUCC Global Location Number Identification of a Physical Location, EANUCC Global Location Number EANUCC Global Location Number of the Invoicing Party Ship to (deliver to) postal code within a single postal authority Ship to (deliver to) postal code with 3-digit ISO country code Country of origin of a trade item Country of initial processing Country of processing Country of disassembly Country covering full process chain NATO stock number UN/ECE Meat Carcasses and cuts classification Approval number of processor with 3 digit ISO country code Roll productswidth, length, core diameter, direction, splices Cellular Mobile Telephone Identifier Global returnable asset identification (GRAI) Global Individual Asset Identifier (GIAI) Price per unit of measure Identification of the components of a trade item (GCTIN) AI n4 n4 n4 n4 n4 n4 n4 n2 n4 n4 n4 n4 n3 n3 n3 n3 n3 n3 n3 n3 n3 n3 n3 n3 n3 n3 n3 n3 n3 n4 n4 n4 n4 n4 n4 n4 n4 n4 Data n6 n6 n6 n6 n6 n6 n6 n..8 n..15 n3+n..15 n..15 n3+n..15 an..30 an..30 n17 an..30 n13 n13 n13 n13 n13 n13 an..20 n3+an..9 n3 n..15 n3 n3 n3 n13 an.30 n3 +an27 n14 an..20 n14+ an..16 an..30 n6 n14+n2+n2
Data Title
LENGTH (m), log WIDTH (m), log HEIGHT (m), log AREA (m2), log VOLUME (l), log VOLUME (m3) KG PER m2 COUNT AMOUNT AMOUNT AMOUNT
AMOUNT
ORDER NUMBER CONSIGNMENT SHIPMENT NO. ROUTE SHIP TO LOC BILL TO PURCHASE FROM SHIP FOR LOC
LOC No
PAY TO SHIP TO POST SHIP TO POST ORIGIN COUNTRY - INITIAL PROCESS COUNTRY PROCESS COUNTRY DISASSEMBLY COUNTRY - FULL PROCESS NSN MEAT CUT PROCESSOR# DIMENSIONS CMT No GRAI
GIAI PRICE PER UNIT GCTIN
Table 17 List of EANUCC Application Identifiers (continued)
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Format AI 8007 8008 8018 8020 8100 8101 8102 90 91 to 99 Notes Content International Bank Account Number Date & time of production Global Service Relation Number (GSRN) Payment Slip Reference Number Coupon extended codeUCC prefix+ offer code Coupon extended codeUCC prefix+ offer code + expiration date (month + year) Coupon extended code0 + UCC prefix Information mutually agreed between trading partners (including FACT data identifiers) Company internal information AI n4 n4 n4 n4 n4 n4 n4 n2 n2 Data an..30 n8 + n..4 n18 an..25 n1+n5 n1+n5+n4 0+n1 an..30 an..30
Data Title
IBAN PROD TIME GSRN REF No -
INTERNAL
INTERNAL
Table 17 List of EANUCC Application Identifiers (continued)
Summary of AIs
Table 17 summarises the list of AIs currently available. Other values of AIs remain to be allocated. Please note the following.
There is no general prescription on the use of check digits for the data,
as opposed to the symbol check character. However, particular AIs may require the use of a check digit on the data and this is specified, where appropriate, in the individual data format descriptions.
You may also choose to use check digits for your own purposes in any
portion of the data content chosen at your own discretion, for example, after batch numbers.
The maximum lengths quoted do not include any auxiliary characters

used wh.en presenting the data in a UCC/EAN-128 bar code.
The AI is not part of the data field. When using the data in other
applications, for example, in EDI applications, you must drop the AI.
Structures for AIs

Use the structure for individual AIs described on the following pages.
Identification for trade itemsgeneral

Use AIs 01, 02, and 20 to identify different types of trade items.
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Identification of a Trade Item

AI Description Data format 01 GTIN n14
Assign AI 01 to identify the GTIN. The solution using AI 01 and the GTIN represented in UCC/EAN-128 symbology does not replace the standards for marking non-retail trade items with an EAN-13, UPC-A or ITF-14 bar code. It is provided as an alternative solution for specific applications. For a description of the number structure, see Allocating global trade item numbers (GTIN) for non-retail trade items on page 15. The last digit of the GTIN is a check digit. It is calculated from the preceding 13 digits according to the standard algorithm. The AI is not part of the check digit calculation. See Calculating the EAN/UCC-14 check digit on page 19 for further details. The structure of the number for identifying variable measure non-retail trade items (trade units) with AI 01 is similar to the 14 digit number adopted by EANUCC for identifying standard non-retail trade items (trade units): EANUCC company prefix, unique item reference and a check digit. For variable measure trade items, the first digit preceding the EANUCC company prefix will have a value of 9. This information is then followed by another AI (30, 31, or 32 series) to provide the measurement information relative to the trade item. For further information on variable measure non-retail trade items refer to Global trade item numbers (GTINs) for variable measure non-retail items on page 20
Identification of Trade Items Contained in a Logistic Unit

AI Description Data format 02 GTIN of the goods contained within a logistic unit n14
Assign AI 02 to identify the GTIN of the highest level of goods contained within a logistics unit, where this unit is not itself a non-retail trade item. The preferred method for identifying standard trade items is with a GTIN represented by an EAN-13, UCC/EAN-128 or ITF-14 bar code. Use AI 02 only for uniform logistic units, for example, when all trade items within the unit have the same GTIN.
The AI 02 must always be followed with the AI 37 quantity. It is also a requirement that this AI must be associated with the AI 00 Serial Shipping Container Code. The AI 02 should never appear on a unit that already carries a unique GTIN.
Identification for a product variant

AI Description Data format 20 Variant number n2
Assign AI 20 to a variant of a standard trade item. Use AI 20 only when the variation is not sufficiently significant to require a change in the item reference encoded in the GTIN. The product variant is only for use by the manufacturer and not for the identification of a trade item in dealings with business partners, for which the GTIN is the only applicable standard. The variant number is assigned by the manufacturer. It forms a subsidiary numbering facility that can be used in addition to the item identification number and allows the creation of 100 variants of a particular trade item. Do not, however, use a product variant number previously used as a different variant of the same trade item, until the number has been discontinued for the last twelve months. The AI 20 minimises the number of different GTIN numbers used to identify non-retail trade items, and enables companies to differentiate between minor trade item variants, for example, some types of promotions which do not require the allocation of a different GTIN. Although the AI 20 will not have meaning outside the company, it may remain on the trade item throughout distribution.
The AI 20 must always be used in conjunction with a GTIN or with the combined AIs 02 and 37.
Identification of configure to order trade items

AI Description Data format 252 Global Identifier Serialised for Trade n27
The identification of trade items that are conceived, built or configured only once in time from a commercial viewpoint. Examples include; complex configure to order or build to order items that, for all practical
purposes, will never be reordered; a quotable quote that is commercially traded, but conceived only once, an idea, sentence or section of a research paper that is commercially traded, etc. The number is formed by combining the EANUCC company prefix with a serialised reference and a check digit. The EANUCC company prefix is either seven or nine digits. Fill a UCC company prefix with a leading zero (on the left). Note that some EANUCC Member Organisations have company prefixes other than seven or nine digits The Serialised reference is either nineteen or seventeen digits long (when used with seven or nine digit company prefixes) and the structure and content is left to the discretion of the system user responsible for its assignment and uniqueness. It is numeric and non-repeatable for each company prefix. The check digit is calculated using the a mathematical formula. See Calculating the SSCC check digit on page 119 for instructions.
A trade item marked with AI 252 must not additionally carry a GTIN or AI 21.
Identification for components of a trade item

AI Description Data format 8006 Component of a trade item n14+n2+n2
AI 8006 identifies a parcel which is part of an item identified with a GTIN. In some industries (such as furniture), a unit intended to be sold to the final consumer may be composed of several physical parcels. This AI is marked on each individual physical unit of the same retail unit. In shipping or receiving applications, it ensures that all components of the same retail unit are present. The data content consists of the following elements:
The GTIN assigned to identify the whole item (fourteen digits) relative number of the component within the assembly (two digits) total number of components in the assembly (two digits).
This AI should never be used on retail units which may be sold separately. The AI 8006 can never be associated with another GTIN.
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Traceability numbersgeneral
Use AIs 00, 10, 230239, 240, 241, 21 and 250 for tracking and traceability of trade items.
Identification of a logistic unit

AI Description Data format 00 Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC) n18
Assign AI 00 to the serial coding of shipping containers. AI 00 uniquely identifies logistics units. It also enables you to identify trade items packed differently from one transport package to another, for example, where trade items are picked and packed to meet individual orders. This supports operations such as despatch, distribution, and receiving non-standardised packages. See Serial Shipping Container CodeSSCC on page 115 for full details on the use of this code. To ensure worldwide uniqueness, the following general numbering structures have been defined by EAN International and UCC.
Extension digit 1 digit
EANUCCcompany
prefix 7 digits Serial reference 9 digits
Check digit 1 digit
Extension digit 1 digit
EANUCC company
prefix 9 digits Serial reference 7 digits
Check digit 1 digit
It will depend on which format of an EANUCC company prefix you have, as to which of the above formats of the SSCC is used. The extension digit (previously known as packaging indicator) is any number between 0-9 used to increase the capacity of the SSCC. It is assigned by the company that constructs the SSCC. The EANUCC company prefix is either seven or nine digits. Fill a UCC company prefix with a leading zero (on the left). Note that some EANUCC Member Organisations have company prefixes other than seven or nine digits.
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The serial reference (serial number) is a serial number selected by the company that has been assigned the company prefix. The check digit is calculated using the a mathematical formula. See Calculating the SSCC check digit on page 119 for instructions.
Identification for batch or lot numbers

AI Description Data format 10 Batch or Lot number an..20
Assign AI 10 to identify the batch or lot number. When used on a non-retail trade item, the batch number refers to the trade items within the non-retail trade item. You can use up to twenty alphabetic and/or numeric characters, not including the AI. Examples of information you can include in AI 10 are:
production line numbers shift numbers time of production.

Any internal structures encoded into a batch or lot number need not be used by a company other than the one creating the number. Other companies must use the complete number to identify the batch or lot number unambiguously. This is particularly important in situations such as a product recall.

It is a mandatory requirement that the batch/lot number be associated with a GTIN or with the combined AIs 02 and 37. The AI 10 and AIs 230-239 must not be used on the same trade item at the same time.
Identification for lot numberstransitional use

AI Description Data format 230 to 239 Lot numbertransitional use n..19
Assign AIs 230 through 239 to lot numbers.
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The third number of the AI (D) indicates the actual number of digits (N) composing the lot number. Use the following formula to calculate the third digit in the AI: D = (N 1) 2 The lot number must have an odd number of digits. If an even number is to be encoded, it must be filled with a leading zero. For example, for the lot number 1357964, N= 7. D = (7 1) 2 D=3 AI = 233 1357964 This AI was released for use in applications where there was a need to concatenate several variable length data fields into one bar code, but where the facility to use the FNC 1 character as a separator was not available yet. It was released on a temporary basis and is being withdrawn.Companies currently using this AI should transition to AI 10 for use in all applications that require lot or batch numbers. The AIs 230-239 must be associated with a GTIN or with the combined AIs 02 and 37. The AIs 230-239 and AI 10 must not be used on the same trade item at the same time.
Additional product identification assigned by the manufacturer

AI Description Data format 240 Additional item identification assigned by the manufacturer an..30
AI 240 is used for the coding of additional item identification assigned by the manufacturer. The data is structured at the discretion of the issuing company. The purpose of this AI is to enable identification data other than the GTIN to be represented in an EANUCC bar code. It is a cross-reference to previously used catalogue numbers. The additional item identification is considered as an attribute of the GTIN e.g. to facilitate migration to the
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EANUCC system during a transitional period. However, it must not be used to replace the GTIN.
The AI 240 must be associated with a GTIN or with the combined AIs 02 and 37.
Identification for serial numbers

AI Description Data format 21 Serial number an..20
Assign AI 21 to identify a serial number. A serial number is a unique alpha or alpha-numeric number assigned by a company to an entity for its lifetime. Combined with a GTIN the serial number uniquely identifies each individual trade item.Use any structure to generate the serial number. However, it must be possible for any company to use the combination GTIN/serial number for identifying a specific trade item, regardless of the actual structure of the number.
The AI 21 must be associated with a GTIN.
Identification for customer part numbers

AI Description Data format 241 Customer part number an..30
The purpose of this AI 241 is to enable identification data other than the GTIN to be represented in an EANUCC bar code. It is only to be used between trading partners that are currently using the customer part number for ordering and have agreed to a timetable to convert to the GTIN for their business purposes. The use of the GTIN and the AI 241 on the trade items is for transitional use while the conversion is taking place. The customer part number must not be used to replace the GTIN. The customer part number is structured at the discretion of the purchaser of the goods.
AI 241 must only be used in conjunction with a company assigned GTIN or with the combined AIs 02 and 37.
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Identification for secondary serial numbers

AI Description Data format 250 Secondary serial number an..30
While the serial number using AI 21 contains the serial number of the trade item, AI 250 is assigned to the coding of the serial number of one of the components of that item. The secondary serial number may be generated from the primary serial number of the main trade item. The issuer of the number should define detailed rules for using it. For example, the electronics industry could assign AI 250 to the identification of a chassis serial number. It is the issuers responsibility to associate the secondary serial number with the primary item identification number of the trade item to which it relates. Use of this AI in an open environment does not guarantee a unique and unambiguous secondary serial number.
AI 250 must always be associated with a GTIN and the AI 21.
Identification for reference to source

AI Description Data format 251 Reference to source entity an..30
Use AI 251 to refer back to the original item the trade item was derived from. This may be useful for tracking the original animal from which a carcass of beef is derived. In the event that the original animal was found to be contaminated, all derived products could be isolated. It may also be used for regulatory compliance when recycling parts from various white goods, such as refrigerators, where it is necessary to refer to the original appliance.
This AI must be associated with the GTIN of the trade item.
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Identification for datesgeneral

AIs 11, 12, 13, 15, 17 and 8008 identify different types of dates. When used on non-retail trade items, the dates refer to the trade items contained inside the non-retail trade items. The standard length of a date is six digits, in the format year, month, day (yymmdd): The only exception to this is AI 8008 which is variable in length up to 12 digits.
the year digits show the last two digits of the appropriate calendar year the month digits show the value from 01 (January) to 12 (December) the day digits show the day of the month, or if this is not relevant for a
particular date, they show 00 to indicate the day is not specified. For example, encode:
1 July 1997 as 970701 August 1997 as 970800.

For short-life trade items, show the year in the bar code, regardless of whether it is shown in the human readable markings. AIs 11, 13, 15 and 17 must be associated with a GTIN or with the combined AIs 02 and 37. Since the data field year consists of two positions, the century is established by the following procedure:
Substract current year from N1 N2 Result is 51 to 99 NO YES YES Result is -50 to -99
NO
Y ear N1 N2 is previous century
Year N1 N2 is next century
Year N1 N2 is current century
Identification for production dates

AI Description Data format 11 Production date n6 (yymmdd)
Assign AI 11 to identify the production date. This is the production or assembly date determined by the manufacturer.
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This AI must be associated with the GTIN or the combined AIs 02 & 37.
AI Description Data format 8008 Date and time of production (yymmddhhmmss) n8 + n..4
Assign AI 8008 to encode both the date and time of production or assembly determined by the manufacturer. The date and time may refer to the trade item itself or to the trade items contained. The standard length of this data is variable up to twelve digits (with 8 being mandatory and four being optional) in the format: year, month, day, hour, minutes, seconds (yymmddhhmmss):
year: The tens and units of the year, which is mandatory month: The number of the month, which is mandatory day: The number of the day of the relevant month, which is mandatory hour: The number of the hour based on local time (eg 2 p.m. = 14), which is mandatory
minutes: The number of minutes based on local time, not mandatory seconds: The number of seconds based on local time, not mandatory.
This AI must be associated with the GTIN to which it relates.
Identification for due date

AI Description Data format 12 Due Date n6 (yymmdd)
Assign AI 12 to identify the date by which the invoice should be paid.
Since this information is an attribute of a Payment Slip Reference Number and the GLN of the invoicing party, it must be associated with AI 8020 & AI 415.
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Identification for packaging dates

AI Description Data format 13 Packaging date n6 (yymmdd)
Assign AI 13 to identify the packaging date. This is the date when the goods were packed as determined by the packager.
Since this is an attribute of a trade item, this AI must be associated with a GTIN or the combined AI 02 & AI 37.
Identification for best before date

AI Description Data format 15 Best before date (Minimum durability date) n6 (yymmdd)
Assign AI 15 to indicate the best before date for the ideal consumption or best effective use by date of a product. This is a statement about the quality of the trade item, and may also be referred to as a sell by date or minimum durability date.
Since this is an attribute of a trade item, it must be associated with a GTIN or the combined AI 02 & AI 37.
Identification for expiration date

AI Description Data format 17 Expiration date (Maximum durability date) n6 (yymmdd)
Assign AI 17 to indicate the limit of consumption or use of an trade item. It is a statement about public safety and is often referred to as a use by date or maximum durability date.
Since this is an attribute of a trade item is must be associated with a GTIN or the combined AI 02 & AI 37.
Identification for quantitiesgeneral

AIs 30 and 37 identify the quantity of an trade item.
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The identification of a variable measure non-retail trade item is associated with its GTIN AI 01. The identification of variable measure is used when trade items which carry a permanent GTIN but have non-standard quantities which change from item to item. Add the variable measure information next to the GTIN (AI 01) which, in this case, is always prefixed by 9 to indicate that this is a variable measure trade item. See Allocating global trade item numbers (GTIN) for non-retail trade items on page 15 and Global trade item numbers (GTINs) for variable measure non-retail items on page 20.
Identification for count of items contained in a variable measure trade item

AI Description Data format 30 Count of items - variable measure trade item n..8
Assign AI 30 to identify the number of items contained in a variable measure trade item.
AI 30 must always be used in conjunction with a variable measure GTIN. (e.g. an EAN/UCC-14 identification number starting with 9) or the identification of variable measure content of a logistics unit. (i.e. AI 02 & 37). This AI must not be used to indicate the contained quantity of a fixed measure trade item. However, if this AI appears on a fixed measure trade item (in error) it should not invalidate the item identification but should be treated as redundant data.
Identification for number of trade items contained in a logistic unit

AI Description Data format 37 Count of trade items contained in a logistics unit n..8
Assign AI 37 to identify the number of trade items contained within a logistics unit.
AI 37 must only ever be used in conjunction with AI 02, (GTIN of the goods contained within a logistic unit).
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Identification for measurementsgeneral

AIs 3100 through 3409 identify different types of measurements. The fourth digit represents the decimal point indicator, which shows where the decimal point belongs in the actual encoded measurement. The decimal point indicator is also called the inverse exponent. The actual measurement data is in a numeric, six digit, fixed-length field. Determine the value expressed in the measurement data by dividing the encoded value by 10 to the exponent indicated by the decimal point indicator, for example:
In other words, starting at the very right of the measurement data field, count to the left between the digits by the amount stated in the decimal point indicator. Place the decimal point between the two digits where you finish counting. Note that in the final expanded measurement, the decimal point may appear before the field of six digits, for example:
EANUCC encourages the use of the International System of Units (SI). The SI, commonly called the metric system, is now either obligatory or permissible throughout the world. However, in recognizing that not all trade is conducted using the SI metric system and many industries continue to use the inch/pound system (often referred to as United States of America customary units), EANUCC make available Application Identifiers covering both the SI and inch/pound system. Trading partners should agree on the SI or inch/pound system per recognised industry convention. Those who interpret the data should be prepared to translate from one system to the other within their computer system. For the full list of the AIs for the inch/pound system, contact EAN Australia.
Identification for trade measurementsgeneral

AIs 3100 through 3209 identify different types of trade measurements. They relate to variable measure trade items where the dimension is used to calculate the price.
Identification for net weight measurements

AI Description Data format 3100 to 3109 Net weight, kilograms n6
Assign AIs 3100 through 3109 to identify the net weight. Use this weight in trading transactions as the basis for calculating the invoice amount.
The AIs 3100 to 3109 must be associated with a variable measure GTIN or with the identification of a variable measure logistic unit, ie. the combined AIs 02 and 37.
Identification for length or first dimension in metres trade

AI Description Data format 3110 to 3119 Length or first dimension, metres, trade n6
Assign AIs 3110 through 3119 to identify the length in metres, or the maximum horizontal dimension of an trade item placed in its normal position.
Identification for width, diameter, or second dimension in metrestrade

AI Description Data format 3120 to 3129 Width, diameter, or second dimension, metres, trade n6
Assign AIs 3120 through 3129 to identify the width, diameter, or second dimension of an trade item in metres.
The AIs 3120 to 3129 must be associated with a variable measure GTIN or the combined AI 02 & AI 37.
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Identification for depth, thickness, height, or third dimensiontrade

AI Description Data format 3130 to 3139 Depth, thickness, height, or third dimension, metres, trade n6
Assign AIs 3130 through 3139 to identify the depth, thickness, height, or third dimension, in meters.
The AIs 3130 to 3139 must be associated with a variable measure GTIN or the combined AI 02 & AI 37.
Identification for area, square metrestrade

AI Description Data format 3140 to 3149 Area, square metres, trade n6
Assign AIs 3140 through 3149 to identify the area, in square metres, normally arrived at by multiplying the length by the width.
Identification for net volumelitres

AI Description Data format 3150 to 3159 Net volume, litres n6
Assign AIs 3150 through 3159 to identify the net volume in litres.
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Identification for net volumecubic metres

AI Description Data format 3160 to 3169 Net volume, cubic metres n6
Assign AIs 3160 through 3169 to identify the net volume, in cubic metres, or the measurement normally arrived at by multiplying the maximum length, width, and height of a trade item.
Logistics measurementsgeneral
AIs 3300 through 3409 identify different measurements required for logistical purposes. They are particularly relevant to the distribution process and relate to the unit on which they are marked.
Identification for gross weight of logistic unit

AI Description Data format 3300 to 3309 Gross weight, kilograms, logistic unit n6
Assign AIs 3300 through 3309 to identify the gross weight. The weight of the goods includes the packaging.
The AIs 3300 to 3309 must be associated with an SSCC or a variable measure GTIN.
Identification for length or first dimensionlogistics

AI Description Data format 3310 to 3319 Length or first dimension, metres, logistics n6
Assign AIs 3310 through 3319 to identify the length or first dimension in metres.
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Identification for width, diameter, or second dimensionlogistics

AI Description Data format 3320 to 3329 Width, diameter or second dimension, metres, logistics n6
Assign AIs 3320 through 3329 to identify the width, diameter, or the second dimension of an trade item in metres.
Identification for depth, thickness, height, or third dimensionlogistics

AI Description Data format 3330 to 3339 Depth, thickness, height, or third dimension, metres, logistics n6
Assign AIs 3330 through 3339 to identify the depth, thickness, height or third dimension in metres.
Identification for area, square metreslogistics

AI Description Data format 3340 to 3349 Area, square metres, logistics n6
Assign AIs 3340 through 3349 to identify the area, in square metres, normally arrived at by multiplying the length by the width.
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Identification for volume, litreslogistics

AI Description Data format 3350 to 3359 Volume, litres, logistics n6
Assign AIs 3350 through 3359 to identify gross volume in litres.
Identification for volume, cubic metreslogistics

AI Description Data format 3360 to 3369 Volume, cubic metres, logistics n6
Assign AIs 3360 through 3369 to identify the gross volume in cubic metres, or the measurement normally arrived at by multiplying the maximum length, width, and height of an trade item.
Identification for kilograms per square metre

AI Description Data format 3370 to 3379 Kilograms per square metre n6
Assign AI 3370 through 3379 to indicate that the encoded data represents an exact measure of the kilograms per square metre.
The AIs 3370 to 3379 must always be associated with a GTIN.
Identification for amount payable- general

AIs 3900 to 3939 identify the amount payable. The fourth digit represents the decimal point indicator, which shows where the decimal point belongs in the actual data. A fourth digit of 0 means that there is no decimal point and the digit 1 means that the decimal point is 1 position before the last digit of the amount payable.
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Identification for amount payable with a single monetary area

AI Description Data format 3900 to 3909 Amount payable - single monetary area n..15
Use AIs 3900 to 3909 to identify the amount payable of a payment slip expressed in the local currency.

As this is an attribute to the payment slip reference number and the GLN it must be associated with AI 8020 & 415. As only one amount payable may be applied on a payment slip this must not be associated with AIs 3910 to 3919.
Identification of amount payable with ISO currency code

AI Description Data format 3910 to 3919 Amount payable with ISO Currency Code n3 + n..15
Use AIs 3910 to 3919 to encode the amount payable of a payment slip which is expressed in the indicated currency. The data consists of the 3 digit ISO country code using the ISO 4217 standard followed by the applicable amount payable.

As this information is an attribute of the payment slip reference number and the global location number it must be associated with the AIs 8020 & 415. As only one amount payable may be applied on a payment slip this must not be associated with AIs 3900 to 3909.
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Identification for amount payable single monetary area for variable measure trade items.
AI Description Data format 3920 to 3929 Amount payable for a variable measure trade item - Single monetary area n..15
Use AIs 3920 to 3929 to encode the amount payable in a single monetary area for an trade item which carries a variable measure GTIN expressed in local currency.
As this is an attribute to a variable measure trade item it must always be associated with a GTIN which starts with 9.
Identification for amount payable with ISO Currency Code for variable measure trade items
AI Description Data format 3930 to 3939 Amount payable for a variable measure trade item - with ISO currency code n3 + n..15
Use AIs 3930 to 3939 to encode the amount payable with ISO currency code for a variable measure trade item expressed in the indicated currency. The data consists of the 3 digit ISO code from the ISO/IEC 4217 standard to indicate the currency followed by the actual amount payable.
As this is an attribute to the variable measure trade item it must be associated with a GTIN which begins with 9.
Identification for price per unit of measure of a variable measure trade item
AI Description Data format 8005 Price per unit of measure n6
Assign AI 8005 to indicate the price per unit of measure, of price marked goods on a variable measure trade item to discriminate price variants of the same item. It is considered as an attribute of the respective trade item and not as part of its identification.
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This AI can be used when manufacturers source-mark the customer retail price on variable weight products, at the request of their customers.

This AI should only be used when the source-marked customer retail price is variable between non-retail trade items (trade units). AI 8005 must be associated with a variable measure GTIN or with the combined AIs 02 (beginning with 9) and 37.
Identification for referencesgeneral

Reference numbers contain information having only an indirect connection with the identification number of the trade item concerned. When printed in a bar code on the trade item, references supply extra information which may be useful for organisational purposes.
Identification for a customers purchase order

AI Description Data format 400 Customers purchase order number an..30
Assign AI 400 to identify the customers purchase order number or the number assigned by the buyer to an order. It may also include release and line numbers at the discretion of the issuer. Representing the purchase order number in bar code form allows you to check receipts of goods and automatically match the trade items to a delivery note and/or purchase order. In addition, it can facilitate more accurate invoice matching procedures. NoteThis AI and data must be removed from the unit before the unit leaves the premises of the customer.
Identification for consignment number

AI Description Data format 401 Consignment number an..30
AI 401 is assigned by the carrier or with prior agreement of the carrier, the shipper, to identify a specific shipment.
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Normally, this AI is used in conjunction with AI 00, Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC). The SSCC identifies individually each parcel being part of a shipment. The consignment number may be marked on the different components of a shipment to provide a common reference. A shipment consists of a grouping of goods for transport purpose. The consignment number identifies a shipment (logical entity) which is usually made up of several distinct despatch units (physical entities). The AI has a format of up to 30 alpha-numeric characters and is structured as follows:
The EANUCC company prefix of the carrier and the actual

consignment information (either 7 or 9 digits). UCC company prefixs are filled by adding a leading zero. Some EANUCC Member Organisations have EANUCC company prefixs of other than seven or nine digits.
The consignment information assigned by the organisation issuing the

number. NoteIf a new consignment is created, previous consignment data must be removed from the physical units.
Identification for shipment numbers

AI Description Data format 402 Shipment identification number n17
The shipment identification number is a globally unique number which identifies a logical grouping of physical units for the purpose of a transport shipment. It may be used by all parties in the transport chain as a communication reference, in say EDI messages, as a shipment reference and/or a shippers bill of lading number. The shipment identification number may be processed as stand alone information where applicable or with the identification data appearing on the same unit. The shipment identification number is a fixed length, 17 digit composed as follows:
EANUCC company prefix Shipper reference Check digit.

NoteIt is recommended to allocate numbers sequentially.
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Identification for a routing code

AI Description Data format 403 Routing code an..30
Assign AI 403 to encode data which represents the routing code as determined by the transport company.
AI 403 is an attribute to the Serial Shipping Container Code and is intended to provide a migration path to the adoption of a yet to be defined international solution. The routing code must not be used to encode information which could be encoded in a separate AI (such as a Ship to Postal Code). The routing code is structured according to the rules established by the appropriate transport company. If transport companies wish to enter co-operative agreements with other transport companies, then a mutually agreed indicator is required to indicate the structure of the routing code.
As this is an attribute to the SSCC it must be associated with AI 00.
Identification for the Payment Slip Reference Number

AI Description Data format 8020 Payment Slip Reference Number an.....25
Assign AI 8020 to identify the Payment Slip Reference Number. The payment slip reference number, assigned by the invoicing party, is information identifying a payment slip within a given EANUCC Global Location Number of the invoicing party. Together with the global location number of the invoicing party it identifies a payment slip uniquely.
This AI must be processed together with the EANUCC global location number of the invoicing party captured from the same payment slip. It must be associated with AI 415.
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Identification for locationsgeneral

Use GLNs to identify the designation of a company, a department, a warehouse, and so on. These AIs identify locations and their related functions in trading transactions. Assign AIs 410, 411, 412, 413, 414 and 415 to identify a location using an EAN/UCC-13 identification number. Format the GLN in the same way as a standard EAN/UCC-13 number. GLNs offer an internationally recognised standard solution to the identification of parties and locations. EANUCC encourages their use. However, in recognising that not all trading relations use GLNs and many industries continue to use other geographical or sectional based location and electronic commerce numbering systems, EANUCC make available Application Identifiers covering both GLNs and other mutually defined systems. Assign AIs 420 and 421 to identify postal codes. Postal codes are usually allocated by a national postal authority. Generally, the codes do not identify a specific location, but are used as attribute data in applications requiring sorting or routing of transport packages.
Identification for ship to (deliver to)

AI Description Data format 410 Ship to (deliver to) Global Location Number (GLN) n13
Assign AI 410 to indicate the GLN of the party to which goods should be delivered.
Identification for bill to (invoice to)

AI Description Data format 411 Bill to (Invoice to) Global location number (GLN) n13
Assign AI 411 to indicate the GLN identifying the party to whom an invoice is issued.
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Identification for purchased from

AI Description Data format 412 Purchased fromGlobal location number (GLN) of the party from whom goods are purchased n13
Assign AI 412 to indicate the GLN of the supplier of the trade item.
Identification for ship for (deliver forforward to)

AI Description Data format 413 Ship for (deliver forforward to) using Global location number (GLN) n13
AI 413 contains the GLN of the internal or subsequent final destination of a physical unit. This AI can be used in conjunction with AI 410 (Ship to) where the Ship-to GLN identifies the location of the intermediary destination such as a warehouse or cross docking station. This element string (data) is for the internal use of the consignee and is not to be used by the carrier.
Identification of a physical location

AI Description Data format 414 Global location number (GLN) for physical location identification n13
AI 414 is assigned to identify the GLN of a physical location. The bar code encoding this AI and the GLN will normally be fixed to the physical location being identified.
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Identification for the invoicing party

AI Description Data format 415 Global location number (GLN) of the invoicing party n13
Assign AI 415 to identify the GLN of the invoicing party to be used on a payment slip. This AI and its associated data are mandatory information for use on a payment slip. Together with the Payment Slip Reference Number, it identifies a payment slip uniquely.
This AI must be associated with the payment slip reference number AI 8020.
Identification for the ship to (deliver to) single postal authority

AI Description Data format 420 Ship to (deliver to) postal code within a single postal authority an..20
Assign AI 420 to indicate the postal code of the party to which goods should be delivered. It is assumed that the ship from and ship to parties are located under the same postal authority.
AI 420 cannot be used in conjunction with AI 421 on the same unit at the same time.
Identification for the ship to (deliver to) multiple postal authorities

AI Description Data format 421 Ship to (deliver to) postal code with 3 digit ISO country code prefix n3 + an..9
Assign AI 421 to indicate the ISO country code and the postal code of the party to which goods should be delivered. It is assumed that the ship from and ship to parties are located under different postal authorities. Use the country codes established in the International Standards ISO 3166.
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AI 421 cannot be used in conjunction with AI 420 on the same unit at the same time.
Country of origin of a trade item

AI Description Data format 422 Country of origin of a trade item n3
AI 422 has been assigned to identify the country of origin. The country of origin is normally the country in which the goods have been produced or manufactured. It is the manufacturers responsibility to ensure that the correct country of origin is assigned as there is a large range of definitions for country of origin. The country of origin, calculated according to the appropriate rules, is coded according to the 3-digit ISO 3166 standards.
The AI 422 must always be associated with a GTIN.
Identification for Country of Initial Processing

AI Description Data format 423 Country of initial processing (ISO Country Code) n3 +n..9
Assign AI 423 to encode the ISO country code of the country of initial processing of the trade item. The country of initial processing is normally the country in which the trade item has been produced or manufactured. However, in certain applications such as livestock fattening, there may be up to 5 different countries involved in the initial processing. It is the responsibility of the supplier to allocate the country codes.
Identification of the country of processing

AI Description Data format 424 Country of processing n3
Assign AI 424 to identify the ISO country code of the country of processing of the trade item. It is the responsibility of the processor of the trade item to allocate the number.
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Identification of the country of disassembly

AI Description Data format 425 Country of origin of a trade item n3
Assign AI 425 to identify the ISO country code of the country of disassembly of the trade item. It is the responsibility of the party doing the disassembly of the trade item to allocate the number.
Identification of country covering full process chain

AI Description Data format 426 Country covering full process chain n3
Assign AI 426 to identify the ISO country code of the country where all the processing of the trade item took place. If this AI is used, the full processing of a trade item must have taken place in a single country. This is particularly important in certain applications, such as livestock (where it would cover things such as the animals birth, fattening and slaughter), where processing could take place in different countries. In situations like this, AI 426 may not be used. It is the responsibility of the supplier to allocate the correct country code.
Identification for the international bank account number

AI Description Data format 8007 International Bank Account Number an..30
Use AI 8007 to indicate the International Bank Account Number (IBAN) as defined in ISO 13616 for use on a payment slip. It indicates the International bank account number to which the amount of the respective payment slip is to be transferred. The invoicing party determines the applicable bank account number.
It must be associated with the payment slip reference number AI 8020 and the GLN AI 415 of the invoicing party captured from the same payment slip.
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Identification for special applications

Identification for the health industry (HIBCC)
This application is used in the USA as an addition to the GTIN for hospital pack pharmaceuticals. It was developed to meet the particular needs of the health industry in the USA.
AI Description Data format 22 HIBCCSecondary data (quantity, expiration date and lot number) for specific health industry products an..29
Assign AI 22 to indicate a specific HIBCC Alternate Secondary Data Structure. This data structure includes an optional quantity field, an optional data field, a lot/batch or serial number, and a link character. The specification of the data structure is described in the Health Industry Bar Code Supplier Labelling Standard which can be obtained from the Health Industry Business Communications Council in the USA. Contact EAN Australia for the address.

AI 22 must always be associated with the GTIN. This AI must not be used in conjunction with AIs 10, 17, 21 or 230-239 on the same item/unit at the same time.
70 Series Application Identifiers

Application identifiers issued under the 70 series are assigned when an application identifier request meets all the normal criteria except one of the following;
The application is not multi-sectoral The application is restricted to a country or a region (e.g. is not global)
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Identification for NATO stock number

AI Description Data format 7001 NATO stock number n13
The NATO stock number is the number allocated to any item of supply in the NATO Alliance. It is the responsibility of the country that manufactures or controls the design of the item to allocate the number. This is only for use within the context of the supply within the NATO Alliance. Use of it is subject to the rules and regulations of the Allied Committee 135 (AC/135), the NATO Group of National Directors on Codification.
This AI must be associated with a GTIN or the AI 02.
Identification for UN/ECE meat carcasses and cuts classification

AI Description Data format 7002 UN/ECE meat carcasses and cuts classification an..30
Assign AI 7002 to encode the UN/ECE product classification. As this is an attribute of a trade item, it must be processed together with the GTIN of the trade item to which it relates.
Identification of approval number of processor

AI Description Data format 703n Approval number of processor with three digit ISO country code n3 + an..27
The application identifier 703n indicates that the data field contains the ISO country code (n3) and approval number of the processor (an..27) of a trade item. As many processors may be involved, each with an individual approval number, the fourth digit of the AI indicates the sequence of the processors. For a typical meat supply chain, the following sequence would be used:
7030: slaughterhouse 7031: first deboning/cutting hall

7032 to 7039: second through ninth processing location (cutting hall)

The approval number of the processor designates the approval number of the company who did the processing. The approval number is usually assigned by a national or pluri-national authority.
As this AI is an attribute to a trade item it must be processed with a GTIN or AI 02.
Identification for roll and paper trade items

AI Description Data format 8001 Roll/paper trade itemswidth, length, core diameter, direction, and splices. n14
The identification of a roll product consists of the GTIN and the variables. The basic product (e.g. a certain type of paper) is numbered with an EAN/ UCC-14 number and the variables contain information about the special features of the particular trade item that has been produced. The data structure for AI 8001 is: slit width in millimetres (width of roll) actual length in metres internal core diameter in millimetres winding direction (face out 0, face in 1, undefined 9) number of splices (0 to 8 = actual number, 9 = number unknown 4 digits 5 digits 3 digits 1 digit 1 digit
AI 8001 must be associated with a variable measure GTIN.
Identification for electronic serial numbers for cellular mobile telephones

AI Description Data format 8002 Electronic serial number for cellular mobile telephones an..20
Assign AI 8002 to the cellular mobile telephone (CMT) electronic serial number (ESN). This number is usually assigned by a national or multi-national authority. It identifies each mobile telephone uniquely within the given authority for special control purposes. It is not considered as an attribute of the identification of the telephone as a trade item.The ESN is unique for each CMT.
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Identification of assets
The EANUCC system provides a system for the identification of assets. The object of asset identification is to identify a physical entity as an inventory item. Asset identifiers should not be used for any other identification purpose. Each company or organisation holding an EANUCC company prefix may assign asset identifiers to the assets of their organisation, which act as a key to access the characteristics of an asset and/or to record the movements of assets. Asset identification numbers may be used for simple applications, such as the location and use of a given fixed asset or for complex applications such as recording the characteristics of a returnable asset, its movements, its lifecycle history and any relevant data for accounting purposes.
Global returnable asset identifier (GRAI)

AI Description Data format 8003 EANUCC identification number of a returnable asset (GRAI) n14+an..16 (optional)
Assign AI 8003 to identify a global returnable asset (GRAI) as a physical item with no reference to the contents. A returnable asset is a reusable package or transport equipment of a certain value such as a beer keg, gas cylinder, plastic pallet or crate. AI 8003 facilitates the tracking and inventory control of returnable assets. The data identified by AI 8003 is structured as follows: n14 Consisting of a filler 0, followed by a unique 13 digit asset identification number. This 13 digit number consists of the EANUCC company prefix (either 9 or 7 digits), followed by the asset type which is a 3 or 5 digit number assigned by the owner of the asset to identify uniquely each type of asset. The last digit is the check digit which is calculated according to a mathematical formula. See Calculating the EAN/UCC-13 check digit on page 14. EAN/UCC-12 numbers are right justified and a filler 0 inserted to make up to 13 digits;
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an..16
serial number of the asset, variable length, maximum 16 characters. It is assigned by the owner and is unique for a given asset number. This field is optional.
Global Individual Asset Identifier (GIAI)

AI Description Data format 8004 EANUCC identification number of an individual asset (GIAI) an..30
AI 8004 is assigned for the unique identification of assets to provide a means to store relevant data. An asset identified by AI 8004 is uniquely identified using the EANUCC company prefix and individual asset reference (serial number). The identification facilitates tracking and inventory control of the unique asset and recording the assets:
useable life cycle history calibration or test history history of the refilling of its contents assembled configuration history.
AI 8004 may also be used when the combination of a GTIN and AI 21 (serial number) is not appropriate. This is the case when no GTIN is available or when the GTIN is irrelevant to the application. Possible applications include tracking returnable assets such as drums, pressure vessels, gauges and other assets such as electronic equipment, fire arms, etc. The individual asset number identified by AI 8004 is structured as follows:
The company prefix assigned by the relevant EANUCC Member

Organisation (either seven or nine digits). UCC company prefix numbers are filled by adding a leading zero. Some EANUCC Member Organisations have company prefix numbers of other than seven digits. In those cases, the company prefix number is left justified.
The individual asset reference identifying the item, assigned by the

company issuing the number.
AI 8004 may not be used to replace AI 00 or a GTIN.
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Global service relation number (GSRN)

AI Description Data format 8018 Global service relation number (GSRN) n18
Assign AI 8018 to identify a global service relation number (GSRN). When this number is used, the service provider must be identified by other means, such as a company card. If security is required, such as for monetary transactions, the security must be provided through other means. The data string has an 18-digit, fixed-length numeric format which ends with a check digit and is structured as follows:
The company prefix assigned by the relevant EANUCC Member

Organisation. UCC company prefix numbers are filled by adding a leading zero.
The service reference number assigned by the service provider. A

unique number must be assigned to each individual transactional service relationship.
A check digit calculated from the preceding 17 digits according to a

mathematical formula. See Calculating the SSCC check digit on page 119, for instructions. The exact method used to allocate the GSRN is left to the discretion of the issuing company. However, the GSRN must remain unique for a period well beyond the lifetime of the records relevant to this service relationship.
Identification for couponsgeneral

Application Identifiers 8100, 8101 and 8102 are used for the identification of promotional coupons with distribution restricted to North America.
Coupon extended codeUCC Prefix + offer code

AI Description Data format 8100 Coupon extended codeUCC Prefix + offer code n1+n5
AI 8100 identifies the UCC Prefix followed by a 5-digit offer code generated by the coupon issuer. It is an attribute always used in conjunction with the UCC coupon number.
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Coupon extended codeUCC Prefix + offer + expiration date

AI Description Data format 8101 Coupon extended codeUCC Prefix + offer code + expiration date (MMYY) n1+n5+n4
AI 8101 identifies the UCC Prefix followed by a 5-digit offer code, followed by a 4-digit expiration date (MMYY). It is an attribute always used in conjunction with the UCC coupon number.
Coupon extended codeUCC Prefix

AI Description Data format 8102 Coupon extended codeUCC Prefix 0+n1
AI 8102 data consists of the UCC Prefix preceded by zero. It is an attribute always used in conjunction with the UCC coupon number.
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Identification for internal purposes

Mutually agreed between trading partners (including FACT Data Identifiers)
AI Description Data format 90 Mutually agreed between trading partners/internal applications (including FACT data identifiers) an..30
AI 90 identifies information of any kind mutually agreed between trading partners with distribution restricted to the trading partners. Companies may devise their own internal numbering structures of any length up to thirty characters, formed from alphabetic and/or numeric characters.
The bar code containing this AI should be removed from any trade item that leaves the jurisdiction of the trading partners.
Internal applications
AI Description Data format 91 to 99 Company internal information an..30
Assign AIs 91 through 99 to internal applications. Companies may devise their own internal code structures for their own purposes and encode them together with these AIs at their own discretion. These AIs are not to be used for open trade applications.
As an additional security against ambiguity, this AI should be removed before the goods leave the company.
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Serial Shipping Container CodeSSCC

Introduction
Each day, hundreds of thousands of companies sell millions of products. The products can be transported in a multitude of configurations and packaging types. Shipments may consist of single pieces, cases or cartons, part or whole pallets, containers, etc. and each packaging type itself may be composed of a homogeneous product or products or may involve a nonstandard mix of products picked to meet individual customer orders. In addition, the goods may be transported by a number of different means, e.g. truck or rail, couriers, airlines, shipping lines and through different modes, e.g. road, sea, air. At various points in the supply chain, different parties will require information in order to receive, track, sort, store, pick or pack products before the goods are finally reshipped to another destination or consumed. This physical goods flow is therefore accompanied by a supporting information flow. As a result of increased global competition and prevailing lower margins, the organisational, data processing and personnel costs as well as the accuracy, reliability and speed with which this information is made available has acquired an increasing importance. Organisations handling hundreds or thousands of daily shipments from multiple suppliers or for multiple customers need efficient, automated logistic information and data capture systems to control the flow of incoming and outgoing goods. A key to these information systems is the unique identification of the shipping containers which make up a shipment and the machine readable codes used to encode these identification numbers.
The EANUCC Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC)

The Serial Shipping Container Code (or SSCC) is designed to provide a numbering and symbology system that can be used by all parties in the supply chain, from manufacturer to transporter, distributor and retailer to track product distribution. It was designed to support as wide a range of applications within the distribution system as practical. When coupled with shipment information provided in advance by means of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), the standard will support applications such as shipping/receiving, inventory updating, sorting, purchase order reconciliation and shipment tracking.
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Using the SSCC

The SSCC is used to uniquely identify a logistic unit traded between sender and final recipient and can be used by all participants in the transport and distribution chain. Each shipping container, at the time of its creation, is uniquely identified by the sender with an SSCC. A label carrying the bar coded SSCC is applied to the shipping container using Application Identifiers and the UCC/EAN-128 bar code symbology. The sender then communicates to the recipient, in advance via EDI, the SSCCs of each logistics unit and all the relevant shipment and container information. The shipment information will usually include shipment date and time, expected arrival date and time, carrier identification, references to a customer purchase order number or contract, etc. Container information will include the product or products and the relevant quantities contained in each shipping container identified by a SSCC, along with such additional information as final delivery location(s), best before date, expiry date, batch numbers, etc. The recipient stores this information in a computer data base. Upon receipt of a shipment the receiver scans the bar coded SSCC, and all the relevant information stored on file for that particular shipping container is transmitted from the data base to the application for further processing. The SSCC can be used by all parties in the supply chain as a reference number, or licence plate, to extract all the relevant shipping container information held in computer files within the receivers information systems.
The SSCC uniquely identifies the transport entity (the shipping container it is applied to) for the lifetime of that transport unit. It should be noted that serialised shipping container identification is not the only way to associate variable data to a particular shipping container. Variable data may also be physically bar coded, as a complement to the GTIN, on the shipping container itself using Application Identifiers and the UCC/EAN-128 symbology. Bar coding variable data on the shipping container itself may be appropriate when electronic communications are not available or when it is simply impossible to send an EDI Despatch Advice message due to extremely short delivery lead times. The SSCC is particularly suited to the identification of customer specific product mixes, enabling merchandise that is packed differently from one transport package to another (e.g. where products are picked and packed to meet individual orders) to be identified.
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Structure of the SSCC

The SSCC should be handled as an 18-digit non-significant number uniquely identifying the unit to which it is attached. To ensure worldwide uniqueness, the following general numbering structures have been defined by EAN International and UCC.
It will depend on which format of an EANUCC company prefix you have, as to which of these formats of the SSCC is used.
Application Extension EANUCC Identifier digit company prefix (7digits)
Serial reference Check (company assigned) digit (9 digits)
Extension digit 1 digit Figure 39
EANUCC company prefix 7 digits
Serial reference (serial no) assigned by the company 9 digits
Check digit 1 digit
SSCC formed from 7 digit EANUCC company prefix
The extension digit (previously known as packaging indicator) is any number between 0-9 used to increase the capacity of the SSCC. It is assigned by the company that constructs the SSCC. The EANUCC company prefix is either seven or nine digits. Fill a UCC company prefix with a leading zero (on the left). Note that some EANUCC Member Organisations have company prefixes other than seven digits. The serial reference is a serial number which uniquely identifies each transport package. It must remain unique for at least twelve months. The method used to allocate a unique number is at the discretion of the company coding the package. Calculate the check digit.
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Application Extension EANUCC Identifier digit company prefix (9 digits)
Serial reference Check (company assigned) digit (7 digits)
Extension digit 1 digit Figure 40
EANUCC company prefix 9 digits
Serial reference (serial no) assigned by the company 7 digits
Check digit 1 digit
SSCC formed from 9 digit EANUCC company prefix
The extension digit (previously known as packaging indicator) is any number between 0-9 used to increase the capacity of the SSCC. It is assigned by the company that constructs the SSCC. The EANUCC company prefix is either seven or nine digits. Fill a UCC company prefix with a leading zero (on the left). Note that some EANUCC Member Organisations have company prefixes other than seven digits. The serial reference is a serial number which uniquely identifies each transport package. It must remain unique for at least twelve months. The method used to allocate a unique number is at the discretion of the company coding the package. Calculate the check digit.
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Calculating the SSCC check digit

The check digit calculation (modulo 10 algorithm) is the same for EAN/ UCC-13, EAN/UCC-8, EAN/UCC-14 numbers and the Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC).
ExampleSSCC number
39312345123456789
Step 1 Check digit position
Step 2
Figure 41 SSCC (18 digit) number without check digit
Perform the following calculation using the SSCC number in Figure 41

above. Step 1 Starting with the first number on the right, add all the alternate numbers. Multiply the result by three. 9 + 7 + 5 + 3 + 1 + 4 + 2 + 3 + 3 = 37 x 3 = 111 Step 2 Starting with the second number on the right, add all the alternate numbers. 8 + 6 + 4 + 2 + 5 + 3 + 1 + 9 = 38 Step 3 Add the results of steps one and two. Total = 149 Step 4 Add the number needed to bring the total to the next multiple of ten. In this example, add one.
1
If the result of step 3 is an exact multiple of 10, then the check digit is 0, (not 10!). The number added to bring the total to the next multiple of ten becomes the check digit.
150
393123451234567891
Check digit
Figure 42 SSCC (18 digit) number with check digit
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Introduction
The various trading partners involved in a distribution channel have different information needs. The information flow which accompanies the physical flow of goods is communicated between trading partners by various means. Electronic Commerce or EDI is the way to transmit information along the supply chain. In practice, however, fully automated communication channels which make it possible to rely exclusively on electronic files for retrieving information on the movements of the goods are not always available. For this reason, there is a need to indicate relevant information on the goods themselves, in addition to their identification. The various fields of information need to be organised in a standard way in order to facilitate their interpretation and processing by all trading partners in the supply chain. The purpose of the EANUCC logistics label is to provide information about the unit to which it is fixed, clearly and concisely. The core information on the label should be represented both in machine (bar code) and human readable form. There may be other information which is represented in human readable form only.
The label format described in this section replaces the previous format. Companies using the previous format should migrate to this new standard. This EANUCC logistics label can be applied to a single item, or a grouping of several items made up to facilitate the operation of handling, storing and shipping. This can be:
A carton A pallet A group of shrink wrapped units A tray
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A container Or any other similar type of packaging created for the purpose of
handling, storing or shipping. The information provided in this section is a reference for the design of logistics labels. This standard is supported and complimented by the standards for Application Identifiers and the UCC/EAN-128 symbology. These standards are important components of the logistics label, and apply to all of the specifications in this standard. The structure and layout for logistics labels is explained further in this section. Emphasis is given to the basic requirements for practical application in an open trade environment. The major areas include:
the unambiguous identification of logistics units the efficient presentation of text and machine readable data (bar codes) the information requirements of key partners in the supply chain
suppliers, customers and carriers
technical parameters to ensure systematic and stable interpretation of

the labels. The standard applies to any type of logistic unit marked with a Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC), which is used in logistic and transport applications where there is a need to track and trace individual units or a grouping of units being a part of the same transport transaction. This standard does not replace the EANUCC standards for identifying non-retail trade item with EAN-13, UCC/EAN-128 or ITF-14 bar codes.
Information Flow
As a logistic unit moves through the supply chain, a series of events occurs that defines the information related to the unit. The whole supply chain process of manufacturing, finished goods, distribution, transport and distribution into the market place adds layers of information related to the logistic unit. For example, the physical content of the unit is typically defined at finished goods distribution. At this point the identification of the logistic unit as an entity is possible. However, other elements of information, such as final destination or the composition of a mixed shipment are not typically known until further in the supply chain. In a trading relationship, different elements of information are generally known and applied by the supplier, carrier and customer.
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SUPPLIER Manufacturing and Distribution
CARRIER Transportation
CUSTOMER Distribution and Retail
Figure 43 Information flow through a supply chain
Components of the logistics label

Information representation Information represented on EANUCC logistics labels has two basic forms:
Information required to be utilised by peopleusually comprising of

text and graphics, eg. to and from addresses
Bar codes (machine readable form)a secure and efficient method of

conveying structured data The human readable text allows general access to basic information at any point in the supply chain. However, both methods of information representation provide value to the EANUCC logistics label and often co-exist on the same label. Bar code structures The standard bar code adopted for use on the logistics label is the UCC/EAN-128 bar code. UCC/EAN-128 consists of a symbology and a standard data format. Application Identifiers (AIs) used with the UCC/ EAN-128 bar codes uniquely identify the meaning and format of the data that follows. The symbology used is a subset of Code-128 which itself is a highly refined, secure and space efficient alpha numeric symbology. A specially allocated Function 1 character is incorporated in the start pattern of all UCC/EAN-128 bar codes, which makes this bar code unique from Code128. Identification of a logistic unit The mandatory field for all logistics labels is the Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC), AI 00. The SSCC is a unique identification number assigned to each specific logistics unit. In principle the SSCC is sufficient for all logistic applications.
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In an environment where Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is used to transmit the detailed information pertaining to each logistic unit, or where the information is already within a data base, the SSCC acts as the reference point to information. However, when EDI is not available at each point in the supply chain, or when redundancy is desired, certain additional elements of information are desirable. Each of these is also represented through the use of Application Identifiers (AIs).
Label design
The design of the logistics label accounts for the supply chain process by grouping information into three logical sections for the supplier, customer and carrier. A section is a logical grouping of information that is generally known at a particular time.
Supplier section Customer section Carrier section

Each label section may be applied at a different point in time as the relevant information becomes known. Within each section bar coded information is separated from text information to facilitate separate processing by automatic data capture and people. Bar codes are represented in the lower part of each section, while human readable information is shown in the upper part of the section. This facilitates access to each component as required. Generally, the order of the sections, from top to bottom, is:
carrier customer supplier

This order and top/down alignment may vary depending on the size of the logistics unit and the business process being served. It is the organisation responsible for the printing and application of the label that determines content format and dimensions of the label. However, the SSCC is mandatory at all points of the supply chain for the logistics label. Any other information over and above the SSCC should comply with the specification of this section and AIs.
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Supplier section
The supplier section contains information that is generally known at the time of packaging by the supplier. It is mandatory that the SSCC is applied at this point to identify the unit. If a GTIN is also used at this point it can be applied at the same time. Other attribute information that may be required or useful by both the supplier, customer and carriers can also be applied. This attribute information may include product variant, production, packaging, sell by and use by dates and batch and serial numbers.
Customer section
The customer section contains information that is generally known at the time of order and order processing by the supplier. This information can include ship to location, purchase order number and customer-specific routing and handling information.
Carrier section
The carrier section contains information that is generally known at the time of shipment and is typically related to the transport of the goods. Information includes ship to postal codes consignment numbers and carrier specific routing and handling information.
Label dimensions
The physical dimensions of the label are determined by the company applying the label to the logistic unit. However, the size of the label should be consistent with the information required in all sections of the label. Factors affecting label dimensions include the amount of information required, content and magnification (size) of the bar codes used and the dimensions of the logistic unit itself. The standard A6 format (105mm x 148mm) is sufficient for most requirements and is the predominant label size used. Other sizes are usually variations that result by other information requirements or the logistic unit size. A recommended guide is that the width of the label should remain constant at 105mm, while the height of the label varies depending on information requirements.
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Technical specifications
Symbology
The UCC/EAN-128 bar code shall be used for all information on the EANUCC logistics label. Operators should be instructed to scan all bar codes printed on the unit. The relevant information is selected by application software on the basis of the symbology identifiers indicating the type of symbology being read and, for UCC/EAN-128, on the basis of the Application Identifiers. The number of UCC/EAN-128 bar codes may be minimised by using the concatenation facility wherever possible. The sequence of the bar coded data elements is irrelevant in terms of interpretation. The exception is the SSCC, which is the identifier for the logistics unit and the most fundamental element of the label. Due to the larger magnification recommended for the SSCC, concatenation may not be feasible on a standard width label. If an Application Identifier is used more than once (eg. if a label is applied twice), it must be followed by the same information. This restriction ensures the non-ambiguous interpretation of each AI.
Magnification factor
The magnification factor range for the SSCC is between 50% to 94%. The reliability of scanning will always be enhanced by selecting a magnification factor at the higher end of the specified range. However, if the information required cannot be accommodated in the space available, a lower magnification factor may be used. In any case, the magnification factor shall not be lower than 25%. Quality of the printed bar codes should be carefully checked, especially at lower magnification factors. If a magnification factor of less than 50% is used it is likely that the reading distance is reduced.
Bar code height

The recommended height for the SSCC bar code is 32 mm. A bar height of at least 27mm is acceptable for other UCC/EAN-128 bar codes on the Logistics Label based on historical specifications, but a migration to 32mm should be made. As a general rule, the greater the height of the bar code, the better target for the scanner. In no case shall the bar code be less than 13 mm in height.
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Light margin areas

Bar codes should be printed with the leading and trailing light margin areas (quiet zones) of at least 10 modules in width.
Bar code interpretation

This is the human readable interpretation of the information represented in the bar code and should be represented either above or below the bar code, with below being the preference. It includes Application Identifiers and data content, but no representation of special bar code symbol characters or symbol check digits (but includes data check digits). It is used as a diagnostic check or, as a last resort, as back up in the event of the bar code failing to scan. To facilitate key entry AIs should be clearly recognisable, separation of AIs with the use of parenthesis is the convention chosen to accomplish this. This interpretation shall be no less than 3mm high and clearly legible, and preferably below the bar code.
Bar code orientation and placement

Bar codes shall be in picket fence orientation on logistics units. The bars and spaces shall be perpendicular to the base on which the logistic unit stands. In all cases, the SSCC shall be placed in the lowest portion of the label.
Text
Text facilitates operations which do not make use of bar code technology. There are three types of text which can appear on a logistics label:
Plain text Human translation Data titles
Plain text
This is text that has no bar code equivalent but is often required on a label. The name and address of the sender and receiver are typical examples. In many instances companies may also wish to add specific text to a label, eg. company logos. All text shall be clearly legible and no less than 3mm high.
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Human translation
This is text designed to support manual operations and to facilitate key entry in menu driven systems. It is the equivalent of information represented in bar code, and is comprised of data titles and data content. Application Identifiers are not included in human translation. Human translation should be at least 7mm in height.
Data titles
Data titles are the standard abbreviated descriptions of data fields. They are used as prefixes in human translation to support manual interpretation of data fields. They can also be used adjacent to other text or bar codes to clarify content, such as From adjacent to a senders address. A list of relevant data titles is provided in Table 18 on page 128. Notes: In the Notes column of Table 18: (1) when indicating only a year and month; fill DD with 00 (meaning that the day is not specified) (2) Indicates plus one digit for length indication (3) indicates plus one digit for decimal point of indication
AI 00 01 02 10 11 (1) 12 (1) 13 (1) 15 (1) 17 (1) 20 21 22 23n (2) 240 241
Data content Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC) Identification number (GTIN) of a trade item Identification of trade items contained in a logistic unit Batch or lot number Production date Due Date Packaging date Minimum durability date Maximum durability date Product variant Serial number Secondary Data for Specific Health Industry Products Lot number (transitional use) Customer part number
Data titles SSCC GTIN CONTENT BATCH/LOT PROD DATE DUE DATE PACK DATE BEST BEFORE OR SELL BY USE BY OR EXPIRY VARIANT SERIAL QTY/DATE/BATCH BATCH/LOT CUST.PART NO (continued...) Table 18 Data titles
Additional product identification assigned by the manufacture ADDITIONAL ID
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AI 250 251 252 30 310n (3) 311n (3) 312n (3) 313n (3) 314n (3) 315n (3) 316n (3) 330n (3) 331n (3) 332n (3) 333n (3) 334n (3) 335n (3) 336n (3) 337n (3) 37 390n (3) 391n (3) 392n (3) 393n (3) 400 401 402 403 410 411 412 413 414 415 420
Data content Secondary serial number Reference to source entity Global Identifier Serialised For Trade (GIST) Variable quantity Net weight, kilograms Length or 1st dimension, metres, trade Width, diameter or 2nd dim., metres, trade Depth, thickness, height, 3rd dimension, metres, trade Area, square metres, trade Net volume, litres Net volume, cubic metres Gross weight, kilograms Length or 1st dimension, metres, logistics Width, diameter or 2nd dim., metres, logistics Depth, thickness, height, 3rd dimension, metres, logistics Area, square metres, logistics Volume, litres, logistics Volume, cubic metres, logistics Kilograms per square metre Count of trade items contained in a logistic unit Amount payable - Single Monetary Area Amount payable - with ISO currency code Amount payable for a Variable Measure Trade Item - Single monetary area Amount payable for a Variable Measure Trade Item - with ISO currency code Customers purchase order number Consignment number Shipment identification number Routing Code Ship to (deliver to) - EANUCC Global Location Number Bill to (invoice to) - EANUCC Global Location Number Purchased from - EANUCC Global Location Number Ship for (deliver for - forward to) EANUCC Global Location Number Identification of a physical location, EANUCC Global Location Number EANUCC Global Location Number of the Invoicing Party Ship to postal code within a single postal author Table 18 Data titles
Data titles SECONDARY SERIAL REF TO SOURCE GIST VAR. COUNT NET WEIGHT(kg) LENGTH (m) WIDTH (m) HEIGHT (m) AREA (m2) NET VOLUME (l) NET VOLUME (m3) GROSS WEIGHT (kg) LENGTH (m) log WIDTH (m) log HEIGHT (m) log AREA (m2) log VOLUME (l), log VOLUME (m3), log KG per (m2) COUNT AMOUNT AMOUNT AMOUNT AMOUNT ORDER NUMBER CONSIGNMENT SHIPMENT NO ROUTE SHIP TO LOC BILL TO PURCHASE FROM SHIP FOR LOC LOC NO PAY TO SHIP TO POST
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AI 421 422 423 424 425 426 7001 7002 703n 425 8001 8002 8003 8004 8005 8006 8007 8008 8018 8020 8100 8101 8102 90 91-99
Data content Ship to postal code with ISO country code Country of origin of a trade item Country of initial processing Country of processing Country of disassembly Country covering full process chain NATO stock number (NSN) UN/ECE meat carcasses and cuts classification Approval number of processor with 3 digit ISO country code Country of disassembly Roll products Cellular mobile telephone identifier Global Returnable Asset Identification (GRAI) Global Individual Asset Identifier Price per unit of measure Identification of the components of a trade item (GCTIN) International Bank Account Number Date & time of production Global Service Relation Number (GSRN) Payment Slip Reference Number Coupon extended code - UCC prefix+ offer code Coupon extended code - UCC prefix+ offer code + expiration date (month + year) Coupon extended code - 0 + UCC prefix Mutually agreed between trading partners/internal applications Internal application Table 18 Data titles
Data titles (continued...) SHIP TO POST ORIGIN COUNTRY - INITIAL PROCESS COUNTRY PROCESS COUNTRY DISASSEMBLY COUNTRY - FULL PROCESS NSN MEAT CUT PROCESSOR# COUNTRY DISASSEMBLY DIMENSIONS CMT NO GRAI GIAI PRICE PER UNIT GCTIN IBAN PROD TIME GSRN REF No
INTERNAL INTERNAL
Label location
Whilst the absolute minimum is one label on the logistics unit, it is strongly recommended that a minimum of two sides of the unit be bar coded with the same data.
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Cartons And Outer Cases

For cartons and outer cases, labels should be placed so that the lowest edge of the bars of the SSCC are exactly 32mm from the base of the unit. Ensure that no part of the bar code (including light margins) is closer than 19mm to from any vertical edge.
Figure 44 Location of the EANUCC logistics label on a carton
If the unit is already marked with an EAN-13, UPC-A, ITF-14 or UCC/ EAN-128 bar code for trade item identification purposes, the logistics label shall be placed so as not to obscure the pre-existing bar code. The preferred location for the labels in this case is to the side of the pre-existing bar code, so that a consistent horizontal location is maintained.
Figure 45 Location of the EANUCC logistics label on a carton or unit already marked with an EANUCC bar code
Pallets
For pallets, the bottom of the bar codes should be placed between 400mm and 800mm from the base of the pallet and no closer than 50mm from any vertical edge to avoid damage.
For pallets less than 400 millmetres in height

For pallets less than 400mm in height, bar codes should be placed as high as possible while protecting the bar codes.
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50mm
between 400mm and 800mm
Figure 46 Location of the EANUCC logistics label
Examples of EANUCC logistics labels

The examples shown in this section are close to the actual sizes. For specific dimensions, refer to Label dimensions on page 125.
The basic EANUCC logistics label

The basic label contains only the Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC). The SSCC is the link between the physical unit to which the EANUCC logistics label is attached and the electronic information pertaining to it (which can be communicated via EDI).
SSCC 393123450000000013
(00)393123450000000013
Figure 47 Example of the basic EANUCC logistics label
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An EANUCC logistics label with supplier section only

Figure 48 shows an example of a EANUCC logistics label affixed to a uniform unit (eg. all items contained bear the same GTIN) which has been constructed for transport purposes. The bar coded information includes the Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC), the GTIN of the goods contained in the unit and the associated quantity, the batch number and the best before date.
EAN BEAN FACTORY

SSCC
393123450000000013
ITEM No QUANTITY
09312345000005
USE BY (ddmmyy)
20 Cases
BATCH
11.12.99
246813
(02)09312345000005(37)20(17)991211(10)246813
(00)393123450000000013
Figure 48 Example of an EANUCC logistics label supplier section with concatenated data in the top bar code
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An EANUCC logistics label with supplier and carrier sections

Figure 49 shows an example of an EANUCC logistics label affixed to a logistics (transport) unit. The bar coded information includes the Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC) and the ship to postal code.
FROM
EAN AUSTRALIA 2 KINGSTON TOWN CLOSE OAKLEIGH VIC 3166 AUSTRALIA
TO
EANWORKS UNIT 37 170 FORSTER RD MT WAVERLEY VIC 3149 AUSTRALIA
0363149 B/L 853930 PRO 2895769860

SHIP TO POST
(421)0363149
sscc
393123450000000013
(00)393123450000000013
Figure 49 Example of an EANUCC logistics label with supplier and carrier sections
An EANUCC logistics label with supplier, customer and carrier sections

Figure 50 shows an example of an EANUCC logistics label affixed to a logistics unit. The bar coded information includes the Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC), the GLN to where the goods are to be delivered, the ship to postal code and the consignment number.
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FROM
EAN AUSTRALIA 2 KINGSTON TOWN CLOSE OAKLEIGH VIC 3166 AUSTRALIA
TO
EANWORKS UNIT 37 170 FORSTER RD MT WAVERLEY VIC 3149 AUSTRALIA
B/L 853930 SHIP TO POST 0363149 CONSIGNMENT 931234550127501
(421)0363149(401)931234550127501
PO: 345-896779-0 Zone: 4
DWCP: 9684584-23 STORE # 49 SHIP TO LOC
9312345678907
(410)9312345678907
sscc
393123450000000013
(00)393123450000000013
Figure 50 Example of an EANUCC logistics label with supplier, customer and carrier
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Book numbers
Books include all printed books, pamphlets, microfiche publications, and other specialised printed forms of publications. The ISBN (International Standard Book Numbering) system is used throughout the world for numbering published books. An agreement between EAN International and the International ISBN Agency (which administers ISBN) allows the coordination of both systems. This enables the ISBN number to be represented on books using an EAN/UPC bar code. See Figure 51 on page 138. In Australia if you require an ISBN number these can be obtained from: The ISBN Agency 18 Salmon Street Port Melbourne. PH: (03) 9245-7373 Fax: (03) 9245-7393 There are two methods for identifying books using bar codes.
Method 1. Use an EAN/UCC-13 number by: using your EANUCC company prefix adding an item reference (item number) calculating the check digitsee Calculating the EAN/UCC-13
check digit on page 14
representing the number by an EAN-13 bar code.

See Figure 2 earlier in this manual.
Method 2. Convert an ISBN number into an EAN/UCC-13 number by: deleting the ISBN check digit (the last digit in the ISBN number) adding the prefix 978 to the number recalculating the check digitsee Calculating the EAN/UCC-13
representing the number by an EAN-13 bar code printing the ISBN number above the bar code.
In the EANUCC system, the prefix 978 is assigned to ISBN numbers exclusively for bar coding books world-wide. The prefix 979 may also be used for encoding an ISBN number.
Always follow the EANUCC prefix 978 with an ISBN number.
EANUCC prefix
ISBN number
Check digit Validates the accuracy of the entire number by mathematical formula. See Calculating the EAN/ UCC-13 check digit on page 14, for further details.
EANUCC assign prefix 978 The first nine digits of the to identify ISBN numbers. ISBN number.
Begin every ISBN

number converted into an EAN/UCC-13 number with 978.
Contact The ISBN

Agency in Port Melbourne and request an ISBN number.
Calculate the check

digit.
Figure 51 ISBN number represented by an EAN-13 bar code
Add-on codes
Two digit and five digit add-on codes are available for books. Use them to encode information which is additional to the title. For example, it can be an edition variant (i.e. unchanged reprint or price increase) which is not distinguished by the ISBN number or by an EAN/UCC-13 number.
The add-on should not contain information, which should properly

appear in the main EAN/UCC-13 number, which identifies the product unambiguously.
The reading of the add-on by the retailers point of sale system is

optional.
The use of the add-on is the responsibility of each publisher. This use is
of course optional.
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The add-on is placed to the right of the main EAN/UPC bar code symbol and parallel to it. The bottom edge of the bars in the add-on bar code symbol shall be horizontally aligned with the bottom of the guard bars of the main bar code symbol. It has to comply with the specifications applicable to EAN/UPC bar code symbols. Its presence does not change the general process in any way. The add-on must not encroach on the right light margin of the main bar code symbol, however it should not be located more than 12x (12 module widths) from the main bar code symbol.
Only one add-on can be used to compliment and EAN/UPC bar code
symbol at any one time.
Please note that the magnification factor applied to the main EAN/UPC
bar code symbol must also be applied to the add-on bar code symbol.
Periodical publications global trade item numbers

Periodicals are publications issued in successive parts, intended to continue indefinitely. This includes items such as newspapers, annuals, and journals. The ISSN (International Standard Serial Number) system is in use throughout the world for numbering periodical publications. An agreement between EAN International and the International Centre for the Registration of Serial Publications (which administers ISSN) allows the coordination of both systems. In Australia, the Australian ISSN Agency National Library of Australia in Canberra is responsible for issuing ISSN numbers; contact them when you require an ISSN number. There are two methods for identifying periodicals using bar codes.
Method 1. Use an EAN/UCC-13 number by: using your EANUCC company prefix adding an item reference (item number) calculating the check digitsee Calculating the EAN/UCC-13
representing the number by an EAN-13 bar code.

See Figure 2.
Method 2. Convert an ISSN number into an EAN/UCC-13 number by: deleting the ISSN check digit (the last digit in the ISSN number) adding the prefix 977 to the number adding a variant (sequence variant)see Variant (previously
known as sequence variant) overview on page 141
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recalculating the check digitsee Calculating the EAN/UCC-13

representing the number by an EAN-13 bar code printing the ISSN number above the EAN-13 bar code. See Figure
52 on page 140. In the EANUCC system, the prefix 977 is assigned to ISSN numbers exclusively for bar coding periodicals world-wide.
Always follow the EANUCC prefix 977 with an ISSN number.
EANUCC prefix EANUCC assign prefix 977 to identify ISSN numbers.
ISSN number The first seven digits of the ISSN number.
Variant A two digit number to indicate changes in the publication. See the explanation which follows.
Check digit Validates the accuracy of the entire number by mathematical formula. See Calculating the EAN/UCC-13 check digit on page 14, for further details.
Begin every ISSN

number converted into an EAN/UCC-13 number with 977.
Contact the National Allocate a variant

Library in Canberra and request an ISSN number. number. If not valid for your periodical, allocate 00.
Calculate the check

digit.
Figure 52
ISSN represented by an EAN-13 bar code
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When to change global trade item numbers for periodicals

Change the GTIN for the periodical if:
the regular cover price changes between two successive issues a special issue, for example a double issue at Christmas, is for sale at a
different cover price from the previous issue
the title is published more than once a week.

If you identify periodicals using method 1 and you need to identify between two successive issues, allocate a different item reference (item number) to each issue of the periodical. See Items requiring separate numbers on page 10. If you identify periodicals using method 2 and you need to identify between two successive issues, allocate a different variant to each issue.
Variant (previously known as sequence variant) overview

When it is essential to distinguish between two successive issues of periodicals (see When to change global trade item numbers for periodicals, above) and you use method 2 to identify periodicals, scanning at title level is too imprecise. The variant caters for these situations while retaining the same ISSN number.
While a variant changes between different issues of a publication, the

ISSN number always remains the same. When there is no need to distinguish between different issues, fill the variant position in the EANUCC identification number with 00.
Variant for regular price changes

Use sequence variant 01 for the initial cover price when the periodical first uses a bar code. Increase the variant by one for each regular price change (both increase or decrease).
Recalculate the check digit each time the variant value changes.
Variant for special issues

Use variant 99 the first time you sell a special issue with a different cover price from the preceding or following issue. If the situation occurs annually, you can re-use the same EAN/UCC-13 number every year.
For all other circumstances, or if you choose to apply a new sequence variant for annually occurring special issues, decrease the sequence variant by one, for example, 98, 97, 96, and so on.
Recalculate the check digit each time the sequence variant value
changes.
Variant for titles published daily or more than once a week

Publications issued daily or more than once a week are considered separate items. They require a different variant for each separate issue. If the item is published Monday through to Saturday, begin with variant 01 on Monday, then 02 on Tuesday and so on.
International standards treat Monday as the first day of the week.
Re-using variants
Eventually, many price changes will increase the variant number that starts at 01, and many special issues will decrease the variant number that starts at 99. Eventually the two numbers will be the same. To avoid this from happening, restart both sequence numbers when the difference is no less than five.
Add-on codes
Two digit and five digit add-on codes are available for periodicals. Use them to encode additional information about the periodical for internal use, for example, the edition variant. The add-on is placed to the right of the main EAN/UPC bar code symbol and parallel to it. The bottom edge of the bars in the add-on bar code symbol shall be horizontally aligned with the bottom of the guard bars of the main bar code symbol. It has to comply with the specifications applicable to EAN/UPC bar code symbols. Its presence does not change the general process in any way. The add-on must not encroach on the right light margin of the main bar code symbol, however it should not be located more than 12x (12 module widths) from the main bar code symbol. The add-on bar code is not mandatory to read at point of sale and must not be used to encode information which should be contained within the main bar code symbol. It provides more information about a particular publication of a printed item.
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Only one add-on can be used to compliment an EAN/UPC bar code

symbol at any one time.
Please note that the magnification factor applied to the main EAN/UPC
bar code symbol must also be applied to the add-on bar code symbol. 2 digit serial number A 2 digit serial number may be encoded in a 2-digit add-on bar code symbol. The information which can be encoded in the serial number may be one of the following;
Dailies: Number of the week (01 - 53) Weeklies: Number of the week (01 - 53) Bi-weeklies: Number of the 1st week of the respective period Monthlies: Number of the month (01 -12) Bi-monthlies: Number of the 1st month of the respective period Quarterlies: Number of the 1st month of the respective period (01 -12) Seasonal period: 1st digit = last digit of the year, 2nd digit = 1 spring, 2 summer, 3 autumn, 4 winter 2nd digit = number of the 1st season of the respective period
Bi-annual period: 1st digit = last digit of the year, Annuals: 1st digit = last digit of the year
2nd digit = 5
Special intervals: Consecutively numbered from 01 to 99

5 digit serial numbers 5 digit serial numbers can also be encoded in a 5 digit add-on bar code symbol. Information which can be encoded in the five digit add-on includes the actual date of issue, in order to differentiate between successive issues. It is the publishers responsibility to define the coding scheme.
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Introduction
The EANUCC system includes a numbering series that enables companies to identify items for use in a restricted distribution environment. Restricted distribution numbers should be used only within the boundaries of the company who originates the number. The originators of the restricted distribution numbers are responsible for ensuring that the numbers are used for internal purposes only. They must ensure that items using the restricted distribution number series cannot escape to cause ambiguity elsewhere. The principal use of restricted distribution numbering is for encoding items in retail stores that are not numbered at source (source marked). There are two number series available for internal numbering:
EAN/UCC-13 identification numbers EAN/UCC-8 identification numbers.

Within the EAN/UCC-13 numbering system, prefixes 20 to 29 are reserved for internal use. Prefixes 28 and 29 are reserved by EAN Australia and are therefore not available for internal numbering.
The prefixes 22 and 24 have been withdrawn for use and therefore are also not available for restricted distribution numbering. Refer to National solution for standard numbering of retail variable measure trade items on page 152. The originators can use the digits following the prefix at their discretion. However, EAN Australia provides recommendations for using these numbers to provide some degree of standardisation for equipment. See Recommended formats on page 146. This series of trade item numbers allows users to have maximum flexibility when working out any special numbering structures they require with their equipment suppliers.
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In particular, this series of trade item numbers is useful for variable measure retail items, for example, fresh meat, fruit and vegetables, cheeses and delicatessen items. You can structure the available 11 digits in a variety of ways to represent the item type, the weight, or the calculated price. Equipment is commercially available for automatically weighing items, calculating an items price from the unit price, and printing the information as a bar code on a label. This equipment uses the prefix 2 as an instruction to decode the following 11 digits according to the particular structure you adopt.
EANUCC prefix 20, 21, 23, 2527 identifies the GTIN as a restricted distribution number.
Internal number This number is allocated at the discretion of the organisation.
Begin every internal

number with a prefix from 20, 21, 23, 2527. Figure 53
Allocate a restricted
distribution number for the item.
Calculate the check

digit.
EAN/UCC-13 restricted distribution number represented by an EAN-13 bar code
Recommended formats
Although you are free to develop your own internal numbering structure, EAN Australia recommends that you:
position the price to the right of the internal number if using a price check digit, position the price check digit to the left of
the price
if using a price check digit, position the item number to the left of the
price check digit.
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EAN Australia does not make any recommendation for using a price check digit. Taking into account the above recommendations, there are four different formats available. See Table 19.
Formats Without price check digit Without price check digit With price check digit With price check digit 4 digit price 5 digit price 4 digit price 5 digit price
Prefix 2 2 2 2
11 digits IIIIIIIPPPP IIIIIIPPPPP IIIIIIVPPPP IIIIIVPPPPP
Check digit C C C C
Note: I = Item reference (item number), V = Price check digit, P = Price digits, C = Check digit Table 19 Restricted distribution number formats
The price digits may contain none, one, or two decimal places. The decimal point is not bar code symbol marked, but must be taken into account by the marking equipment when creating the label. For details on how to calculate a four digit price check digit, see Calculating a price check digitfour digit prices below. For details on how to calculate a five digit price check digit see Calculating the price check digitfive digit prices on page 149.
Calculating a price check digitfour digit prices

Each of the four digits in the price has a weighting factor assigned to it. A weighting factor is an amount that the associated price digit is multiplied by to produce a weighted product. See Table 20.
Price position 1 2 3 4 Weighting factor 2 2 +3 5
Table 20 Weighting factors for four digit price positions
The rules for calculating weighted products for weighting factors 2, +3, and 5 follow. If you only need to know the results of the calculations, not how to perform the full calculation, disregard the rules and move straight to step 1. Weighting factor 2 calculation rule.
Multiply the price positions digit by 2. If the result has two digits,
subtract the tens digit from the result. The weighted product is the digit in the unit position of this calculation, for example: Digit 8 x 2 = 16 16 1 = 15 weighted product = 5 See Table 21 for a list of all weighted 2 products. Weighting factor +3 calculation rule.
Multiply the price positions digit by 3. The weighted product is the

digit in the unit position of this calculation, for example: Digit 6 x 3 = 18 weighted product = 8 See Table 21 for a list of all weighted +3 products. Weighting factor 5 calculation rule.
subtract the tens digit from the result. The weighted product is the digit in the unit position of this calculation, for example: Digit 3 x 5 = 15 15 1 = 14 weighted product = 4 See Table 21 for a list of all weighted 5 products.
Perform the following calculations to determine the price check digit

for a four digit price. Step 1 Determine the weighted product for each digit in the price position in the four digit price field. Use the price position weighting factors shown in Table 20, together with the assigned weighting products shown in Table 21. For example, if the price is $15.46, that is, 1546, then: Position 1 = digit 2= 3= 4= 1 weighted by 2 = 2 5 weighted by 2 = 9 4 weighted by +3 = 2 6 weighted by 5 = 7
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Digit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Weighted 2 product 0 2 4 6 8 9 1 3 5 7
Digit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Weighted +3 product 0 3 6 9 2 5 8 1 4 7
Digit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Weight 5 product 0 5 9 4 8 3 7 2 6 1
Table 21 Weighted products for a four digit price check digit
Step 2 Add all the weighted products and multiply the total by 3, for example: 2 + 9 + 2 + 7 = 20 x 3 = 60 Step 3 The price check digit is in the units position of the total. The total in this example is 60, so the price check digit is 0.
Calculating the price check digitfive digit prices

Each of the five digits in the price has a weighting factor assigned to it. A weighting factor is an amount that the associated price digit is multiplied by to produce a weighted product. See Table 22.
Price position 1 2 3 4 5 Weighting factor +5 2 5 +5 2
Table 22 Weighting factors for five digit price positions
The rules for calculating weighted products for weighting factors, 2, +5, and 5 follow. If you only need to know the results of the calculations, not how to perform the full calculation, disregard the rules and move straight to step 1.
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Weighting factor 2 calculation rule.
subtract the tens digit from the result. The weighted product is the digit in the unit position of this calculation, for example: Digit 8 x 2 = 16 16 1 = 15 weighted product = 5 See Table 23 for a list of all weighted 2 products. Weighting factor +5 calculation rule.
Multiply the price positions digit by 5. Add the two digits of the result.
The weighted product is result of the addition, for example: Digit 5 x 5 = 25 2 + 5 = 7 weighted product = 7 See Table 23 for a list of all weighted +5 products. Weighting factor 5 calculation rule.
Calculate the weighted 5 product for the digit. Take the tens
complement of the result, that is, add the number that brings the total to its next unit of ten, for example: Digit 5 x 5 = 25 2+5=7 7 + 3 = 10 weighted product = 3 See Table 23 for a list of all weighted 5 products.
Perform the following calculations to determine the price check digit

for a five digit price. Step 1 Determine the weighted product for each digit in the price position in the five digit price field. See Table 22 and Table 23. For example, if the price is $315.46, that is, 31546, then: Position 1 = digit 2= 3= 4= 5= 3 weighted by +5 is 6 1 weighted by 2 is 2 5 weighted by 5 is 3 4 weighted by +5 is 2 6 weighted by 2 is 1
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Digit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Weighted 2 product 0 2 4 6 8 9 1 3 5 7
Digit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Weighted +5 product 0 5 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9
Digit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Weight 5 product 0 5 9 4 8 3 7 2 6 1
Table 23 Weighted products for a five digit price check digit
Step 2 Add all the weighted products, for example: 6 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 14 Step 3 Take the tens compliment of the units position of the total. That is, add the number that brings the total to its next unit of ten, for example: 14 + 6 = 20 tens complement = 6 Step 4 From Table 23, find the number whose 5 weighted product is the same as the result of step 3, which in the example is 6. The 5 weighted product of 6 is 8; therefore the price check digit is 8.
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National solution for standard numbering of retail variable measure trade items
Any company providing its own brand variable measure trade items to the Australian retail sector can adopt this number series for variable measure trade items numbered at source but sold to various Australian retail stores. EAN Australia has reserved the number series 28 and 29 in the EAN/UCC13 number series specifically for this purpose. The prefixes 22 and 24 have been withdrawn from open use within Australia and will in the future be available as part of this national solution for source marked variable measure trade items. To ensure the uniqueness of these numbers, the prefixes 22, 24, 28 and 29 are not available for internal use under the EANUCC restricted distribution numbering recommendations given earlier in this section. Manufacturers who wish to label and apply bar codes to variable measure trade items must apply to EAN Australia for standard variable measure company item numbers. These numbers identify the items and the company they are allocated to, and are for use in conjunction with weighing machines and labelling at the point of packaging. EAN Australia will allocate variable measure numbers to each individual item as required by the company. Each member company allocated these numbers is responsible for all communication in relation to the numbers.
Do not re-use a standard variable measure number until 12 months have elapsed since the original item was distributed by the manufacturer. EAN Australia should be notified when variable measure numbers have been deleted. Equipment suppliers should ensure that point of sale equipment recognises the prefixes as being variable measure with price and a significant check digit.
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22, 24, 28 or 29 Prefix Identifies the EANUCC number as a standard variable weight with price. Allocated by EAN Australia with the Company/Packer and Item identification number. allocate 22, 24, 28 and 29 prefixes. Figure 54
Company/Packer and Item identification Identifies the company and the item that it is allocated to. EAN Australia allocates this number upon request.
Price check digit
Price
Check digit
Validates the accuracy of the following five digit price. See Calculating the price check digit five digit prices on page 149.
The price of each individual variable weight item. Machines that print the bar code label automatically calculate the price.
Validates the accuracy of the entire number by mathematical formula. See Calculating the EAN/UCC-13 check digit on page 14, for further details.
EAN Australia Request this

number from EAN Australia.
Calculate the
check digit.
Automatically
calculated.
Calculate the
check digit.
Standard variable measure trade item number represented by an EAN-13 bar code
EAN-8 restricted distribution number and bar code

In the EAN/UCC-8 number series, the prefix 2 is reserved for internal use. This gives a total of six digits available for structuring entirely at the discretion of the user. EAN/UCC-8 numbers are right justified in a 14 digit computer field with 6 implied zeros to the left. For example:
0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 0
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Represent this number, without the six leading zeros, by the EAN-8 bar code as shown in Figure 55.
EANUCC prefix 2 identifies the EANUCC number as a restricted distribution EANUCC number.
Internal number Six digit number to use at your discretion.
Begin every restricted

distribution EAN/UCC8 number with 2. Figure 55
Allocate an internal
number for the item.
Calculate the check

digit.
EAN-8 restricted distribution number represented by an EAN-8 bar code
Velocity Codes
The EANUCC system reserves the prefix zero (0) for retailer use for velocity numbers. Items identified by these numbers must not be used outside the boundaries of the company originating the number. A velocity number is particularly suitable for key entry because it requires the operator to make a minimum of key entry strokes. A velocity number gives retailers a total of six digits to allocate to items according to their rate of sale. The lowest number values are given to the fastest moving items with as little as one significant digit plus the check digit. The six digit field should be zero filled to the left. NoteThe zeros need not be keyed in.
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EANUCC prefix 0 identifies the EAN/UCC identification number as a Velocity code.
Internal item number Six digit number to use at your discretion.
Begin every Velocity ID Allocate an internal

number with 0. Figure 56 number for the item.
Calculate the check

digit.
Velocity number represented by an EAN-8 bar code
Coupon numbers
The EANUCC system reserves the prefixes 98 and 99 for numbering coupons. Currently only 99 is released for use. Prefix 98 will be released when EANUCC identifies a definite need. Contact EAN Australia for further information about coupon numbering.
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Within the EANUCC system there are different areas of application:
EANUCC Global trade item numbers identifying: retail trade itemsfor example, consumer items non-retail trade itemsfor example, trade units. Application Identifiers (AI) which identify attribute data (for example,
batch numbers, use by dates, and serial numbers), as well as item identification. For more information about AIs, see , EANUCC Application Identifiers.
Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC) for the identification of

logistical units (transport).
EANUCC Global location numbers identifying locations/companies

For more information refer to Global location numbers (GLNs) on page 71.
EANUCC identification numbers for assets.
Allocating global trade item numbers for retail items

There are two types of GTINs for retail items within the UCC system.
UCC-12 identification numbers which are represented by a UPC-A bar

code. See Figure 57.
Zero-suppressed UCC-12 identification numbers, where the zeros

within the 12 digit numbers are suppressed according to specific rules, leaving 8 digits to be encoded. These numbers are represented by a UPC-E bar code. See Figure 61
Zero suppressed EANUCC-12 identification numbers are reserved for use on very small items that are unable to accommodate a UPC-A bar code.
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UCC-12 numbers
UCC-12 numbers can be used for the identification of any retail trade item. Figure 57 shows the structure of the number and how it is derived.
EANUCC company prefix A prefix comprising the UCC Prefix and the UCC company number which is allocated by UCC. Australian companies request this number from EAN Australia.
Item reference A unique, non-significant number for each individual item. Always number each item to the lowest level of identification. See Item reference on page 159 for more information.
Check digit Validates the accuracy of the entire number by mathematical formula. See Calculating the UCC-12 check digit on page 160.
Apply to EAN
Australia for a UCC company prefix.
Allocate a unique
item reference.
Calculate the check

digit.
Figure 57 UCC-12 number represented by a UPC-A bar code
Note - UCC allocates company prefixes of varying lengths, see UCC prefix (number system character) on next page.
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UCC prefix (number system character)

UCC prefix characters represent different item categories. 0, 6, 7 2 UCC identification numbers with a 5 digit UCC company prefix. Random weight items point of sale trade items, for example, meat and produce, bar code symbol marked in-store. National Drug Code (NDC) and National Health Related Item Code (NHRIC). Note that the bar code is not affected by the various internal structures possible with the NDC or NHRIC Applicable only in the USA. For use without code format restriction and with check digit protection for internal company applications. Applicable only in the USA. For use on coupons. UCC identification numbers with variable length UCC company prefixes or 5 digit UCC company prefixes. Reserved for uses unidentified at this time.
5 1, 8
Retailers in Australia can expect to encounter items carrying UCC-12 identification numbers with UCC prefixes 0, 1, 6, 7 and 8. In the near future they can also expect to encounter items with a UCC prefix of 9.
Item reference
Always number each trade item to the lowest level of identification, for example, size, colour, or style. This ensures that each trade item has a unique number. The UCC does not recommend you apply any meaning or structure to any portion of the item reference.
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Calculating the UCC-12 check digit

Film master suppliers, on-site printing equipment, and bar coding software packages will calculate the check digit for you. ExampleUCC-12 number
Step 1
01234567890
Step 2
Figure 58 UCC-12 number without check digit
Perform the following calculation (modulo 10 algorithm) using the

UCC-12 number in Figure 58. This calculation is the same as for EANUCC numbers. Step 1 Starting with the first number on the right, add all the alternative numbers. Multiply the result by three. 0 + 8 + 6 + 4 + 2 + 0 = 20 x 3 = 60 Step 2 Starting with second number on the right, add all alternative numbers. 9 + 7 + 5 + 3 + 1 = 25 Step 3 Add the results of steps one and two. Total = 85 Step 4 Add the number needed to bring the total to the next multiple of ten. In this example, add five.
If the result of step 3 is an exact multiple of 10, then the check digit is 0. (not 10!) The number added to bring the total to the next multiple of ten becomes the check digit.
90
012345678905
Check digit
Figure 59 UCC-12 number with check digit
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Zero suppressed UCC-12 numbers

If packaging is too small to accommodate a UPC-A bar code, then the alternative is a UPC-E bar code. Although only 8 digits are directly encoded in the UPC-E bar code, the data contained is actually a UCC-12 identification number with the zeros suppressed. You can apply zero suppression only to UCC-12 numbers with a UCC prefix number of zero. Conditions for allocating UCC-12 zero suppressed numbers are similar to those for EAN/UCC-8 numbers. See EAN/UCC-8 identification numbers on page 12.
Prior to 2002, an application for zero suppressed UCC-12 numbers was forwarded to the UCC by EAN Australia on behalf of a member. This practice no longer exists as the UCC have ceased the allocation of zero suppressed UCC-12 numbers.
How to derive a zero suppressed number

To establish a UCC-12 zero suppressed number, first allocate a UCC-12 identification number according to the rules set below. Calculate the check digit using the first 11 digits of the UCC-12 identification number.
If the companys number ends in 000, 100, or 200, there are 1,000 item
numbers available between 00000 and 00999. Obtain the six characters from:
the first two characters (after the leading 0) of the companys

number
followed by the last three characters of the item number followed by the third character of the companys number. If a companys number ends in 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, or 900,
there are 100 item numbers available between 00000 and 00099. Obtain the six characters from:
the first three characters (after the leading 0) of the companys

number
followed by the last two characters of the item number followed by 3.
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If a companys number ends in 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, or 90,
there are 10 item numbers available between 00000 and 00009. Obtain the six characters from:
the first four characters (after the leading 0) of the companys

number
followed by the last character of the item number followed by 4. If a companys number does not end in 0, then five item numbers
between 00005 and 00009 are available. Obtain the six characters from:
all five characters (after the leading 0) of the companys number followed by the last character of the item number.
The UCC-12 zero suppressed check digit is calculated on the original UCC-12 digit number, not the number in its zero suppressed form.
Format of the UPC-E bar code

This short version bar code consists of only six symbol characters. It is used only to represent zero suppression numbers in the UCC series. It is described here for the guidance of retailers who may encounter it on imported items marked under the UCC system.
6 digit symbol characters with variable parity
Normal guard pattern
Version E Stop guard pattern
Figure 60 UPC-E bar code format
The UPC-E bar code is made up as follows:
a normal guard pattern six digit charactersfrom number sets A or B a version E stop guard pattern comprising six modules made up from
module set 010101, where 0 is a light module and 1 is a dark module. The X-dimension (module width) is 0.33 mm. The total width of the Version E guard pattern is 1.98 mm.
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Variable parity coding of the UCC prefix and check digit

In the UPC-E bar code, only six human readable digits are represented directly by symbol characters. Two additional digits are encoded by permutation using number set A and B for the six human readable digits. This is known as using variable parity. Number set A is of odd parity, number set B is of even parity, and the bar code is composed of a permutation of both odd and even parity symbol characters. The two digits encoded by variable parity are used to supply a UCC prefix digit and a check digit respectively. The value of the prefix digit is always zero.
The variable parity coding system for UPC-A bar codes is different to that for UPC-E bar codes. The coding system for the prefix and check digit values in the UPC-E number is shown in Table 24.
Value of prefix digit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Value of check digit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Number sets used for symbol character 1 B B B B B B B B B B 2 B B B B A A A A A A 3 B A A A B A A B B A 4 A B A A B B A A A B 5 A A B A A B B B A A 6 A A A B A A B A B B
Table 24 Coding system for UPC-E number sets
Each human readable digit in a UPC-E bar code is represented by seven modules arranged in different number sets called number set A and number set B. In Table 25, these are represented as light modules (0) and dark modules (1). Each human readable digit comprises two dark bars and two light bars, with each light or dark bar comprising one to four module widths.
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The X-dimension (module width) is 0.33mm. Use Table 24 in conjunction with Table 25 to show the symbol character representation in modules of each human readable digit in a UPC-E bar code.
Number Set A Odd parity 0001101 0011001 0010011 0111101 0100011 0110001 0101111 0111011 0110111 0001011 Number Set B Even parity 0100111 0110011 0011011 0100001 0011101 0111001 0000101 0010001 0001001 0010111
Character value 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Table 25 Human readable digits represented as light modules (0) and dark modules (1)
Decoding a UCC-12 zero suppressed number

The UPC-E bar code is encoded in a special way that leaves out some zeros that can occur within the number. By suppressing these zeros, effectively the area needed for the bar code can be halved. The decoding process returns the suppressed zeros to the number. To decode a zero suppressed UCC-12 identification number into a full UCC-12 identification number, use the value of the second last human readable digit (not the check digit) to determine the way in which to insert zeros. See Table 26.
Scanning equipment is normally programmed to decode the UPC-E bar code in accordance with the rules in this section.
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UCC-12 zero suppressed human readable digits 0 X 1X 2X 3X 4X 5 0 C 0 X 1X 2X 3X 4X 5 1 C 0 X 1X 2X 3X 4X 5 2 C 0 X 1X 2X 3X 4X 5 3 C 0 X 1X 2X 3X 4X 5 4 C 0 X 1X 2X 3X 4X 5 5 C 0 X 1X 2X 3X 4X 5 6 C 0 X 1X 2X 3X 4X 5 7 C 0 X 1X 2X 3X 4X 5 8 C 0 X 1X 2X 3X 4X 5 9 C
Decoded into UCC-12 UCC Company prefix 0 X 1X 2 0 0 0 0 X 1X 2 1 0 0 0 X 1X 2 2 0 0 0 X 1X 2 X 3 0 0 0 X 1X 2X 3 X 4 0 0 X 1X 2X 3X 4X 5 0 X 1X 2X 3X 4X 5 0 X 1X 2X 3X 4X 5 0 X 1X 2X 3X 4X 5 0 X 1X 2X 3X 4X 5 Item reference 0 0 X 3X 4X 5 C 0 0 X 3X 4X 5 C 0 0 X 3X 4X 5 C 0 0 0 X 4X 5 C 0 0 0 0 X5 C 00005C 00006C 00007C 00008C 00009C
Note X = a human readable digit, C = check digit Table 26 Placement of zeros when decoding UCC-12 zero suppressed numbers
For example, to decode the UCC-12 zero suppressed number 00648400

X1 0 0 X2 6 X3 4 X4 8 X5 4 X6 0 C
Encoded by variable parity
UCC company prefix = 0 X1X2 0 0 0 = 006000 Item reference = 0 0 X3X4X5 C = 00484C Reconstituted UPC-A number = 006000004840 Calculate the check digit over the full length reconstituted number.
Treat all numbers as right justified in a 14 digit field. Therefore, consider these reconstituted numbers as having an additional two digits to the left with a value of 0. This means that all reconstituted UCC-12 zero suppressed numbers start with three zeros in a 14 digit field.
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Human readable digits for UCC-12 zero suppressed numbers

The human readable digits of the bar code are printed beneath. The UCC prefix digit and check digit, encoded by variable parity, are shown outside the guard bars, to the left and right respectively, and within the light margins. These two human readable digits are aligned with the other six digits. The UCC prefix and the check digit are reduced in size to a maximum character width of 1.32 mm (four nominal module widths) with a proportional height. The prefix should be located 1.65 mm (five nominal module widths) to the left of the start guard bar, and the check digit should be a minimum of 0.01 mm to the right of the end guard bar. Previous UCC specifications have suggested that the prefix and check digits be shown in human readable form half way up the bar code to the left and right, or that the check digit be omitted altogether. UPC-E bar codes in this form may continue to appear.
Nominal dimensions of the UPC-E bar code

The dimensions of the UPC-E bar code in the nominal size are shown in Figure 61. These dimensions correspond to the X-dimension (nominal size module width) of 0.33 mm. The magnification factor is 0.8 to 2.0 nominal size.
Any reduction in magnification below the nominal size (100%) may reduce reliability. Reliability of scanning is always enhanced by selecting a magnification factor higher than the theoretical minimum .
Light margins
25.93
24.50 23.18
22.85
Light margin indicator
2.97
<
16.83 22.11
>
2.31
Light margin indicator
Figure 61 UPC-E bar code dimensions
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Normal guard pattern 3 modules
Digit characters 6 x 7 modules
Version E Stop guard pattern 6 modules
Total 51 modules
Table 27 Total modules in a UPC-E bar code
See Table 27. The total width of a printed bar code excluding light margins, in nominal size is: 51 modules x 0.33 mm = 16.83 mm The height of the bars in the nominal size bar code is 22.85 mm. This dimension is the same as for the nominal size of both the EAN-13 and UPC-A bar codes.
Light margin areas

The light margin area to the left and right of the bars is indicated by the light margin indicators. See Figure 61. The light margins surrounding the UPC-E bar code at nominal (100%) size are:
7x (7 module widths) to the right 9x (9 module widths) to the left 1x (1 module width) between the lower edge of the symbol characters
and the top of the human readable digits.
UCC system for variable measure trade items

The UCC system includes a numbering series which enables companies to identify items for internal use. The originators of the restricted distribution numbers are responsible for ensuring that the numbers are used for internal purposes only. They must ensure that items using the internal number series cannot escape to cause ambiguity elsewhere. The principal use of restricted distribution numbering is for encoding instore retail items that are not numbered at source (source marked). In the UCC-12 digit number system, the prefix 2 is reserved for restricted distribution numbering. This format is also available for retailers for restricted distribution use in EAN member countries.
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UCC have specific recommendations for the use of this prefix when used in the USA. Information on the options given by UCC is available from EAN Australia. EAN Australia recommends the following structure for use by retailers in Australia. Also see Table 28. 1 digit 5 digits 1 digit UCC prefix item reference assigned at the discretion of the retailer check digit for the following price digits, calculated to a special algorithmsee Calculating a price check digit four digit prices on page 147. price of the item check digit calculated over all the previous digits according to the standard modulo 10 algorithm.
4 digits 1 digit
Within a 13 digit field, the 2 is prefixed with a filler 0.

Prefix (0) 2 Item reference IIIII Price digit D Price PPPP Check digit C
Table 28 UCC-12 number structure for in-house use for retailers in Australia
The primary purpose of this structure is to deal with variable measure items, that is, items sold in random weights against a fixed price per unit weight; for example, fresh meat, fruit and vegetables, cheeses, and delicatessen goods. This structure has been used as a standard for the commercial production of equipment designed to weigh items, calculate the item price from the unit price, and print a bar code label accordingly. Point of Sale (POS) scanning equipment can also be programmed to decode bar codes or numbers commencing with prefix (0)2. Members may use this as a basis for agreement with their equipment suppliers. The same structure may also be used for internal purposes if desired for fixed weight, fixed price items. This gives the possibility of coding and labelling items internally with both item identity and selling price, for direct registration at point of sale, without requiring price look-up. If used in conjunction with POS scanning equipment that is not programmed for the standard structure, numbers under prefix (0)2 can be used internally in any other manner, as agreed with the equipment supplier.
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Differences between UPC-A and EAN-13 bar codes

UPC-A and EAN-13 bar codes are identical except for the following:
Light margins
In the UPC-A bar code both right and left light margin areas are 9x (2.97 mm at nominal size).
First and last human readable digits

With UPC-A, these digits are smaller than the other digits. Reduce the UCC prefix (first digit) and the check digit (last digit) to a maximum character width of 1.32 mm (four nominal module widths) 4x and a height that is proportional to the modified width. Locate the human readable number system character 1.65 mm 5x (five nominal module widths) to the left of the guard bars. Locate the human readable check digit 1.65 mm 5x (five module widths) to the right of the guard bars.
Extended bars
The start bars and the end bars of the UPC-A symbol characters representing the first and last digits extend down to the same level as the guard bars.
Variable parity
With UPC-A, there is no variable parity. See Variable parity encoding of the 13th digit on page 7 in Symbology and Printing Specifications for EANUCC Bar Codes Manual. It is derived from Character Set A to the left, and C to the right.
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Introduction
This section provides technical specifications for the Reduced Space Symbol, Composite Component Symbol and Composite Symbols. EAN International and the Uniform Code Council (UCC) have developed these new symbologies with the intent of making them available for open application use. While work is currently underway to define a number of application guidelines for these symbologies, to date only the Very Small Healthcare Items application guideline has been approved and published. Only when application standards and rollout schedules are established will EAN International and the UCC endorse the use of these symbologies for use in other open supply channels. EAN International and the UCC are currently working on additional application guidelines in other industry sectors and these will be made available once completed. The Reduced Space Symbology family of bar code symbols and associated Composite Components have been developed to meet the expressed needs of EANUCC System members. The challenge was to provide better ways to automatically identify:
Very small items (e.g., syringes, vials, and telecommunications circuit

boards)
Random measure retail items utilising full product identification (e.g.,

meat, poultry, and bagged produce)
Individual produce items (e.g., apples and oranges) Logistic units that required more data to accompany the item than there
was space available (e.g., content information for mixed trade item pallets) To provide a solution for this application requirement, the following minimum technical issues needed to be resolved:
Some symbols had to perform in an omnidirectional scanning

environment.
The symbol had to fit in a space-constrained area and provide strong

performance for its size.
The symbol had to maximise compatibility with an existing broadbased collection of applications and technologies.
The symbol had to complement the selection of existing EANUCC

System data carriers
The symbol had to provide the simplest set of solutions to fit the largest
user base. The UCC formed both user and technical committees to address this issue. The committees determined that a new compact linear symbology, RSS, with an associated stacked two-dimensional symbol, versions of MicroPDF417, provided the most efficient and general solution. The combination of a linear symbol and associated 2D symbol is known as a composite symbol. It is the only EANUCC System standard 2D symbology. The linear component encodes the item identification and can be read by most scanners. The RSS family has a higher data density than other linear bar codes because it has a larger symbol character. To allow for broad functionality, the RSS symbol has been designed in several formats. They include:
RSS-14 RSS-14 Truncated RSS Limited RSS Stacked RSS Stacked Omnidirectional RSS Expanded RSS Expanded Stacked
RSS-14, RSS-14 Truncated, RSS Stacked, and RSS Stacked Omnidirectional enable the full 14-digit numbering of items. They are smaller than EAN-13 or UPC-A Bar Code Symbols. Each provides a linkage flag to indicate the existence of a 2D Composite Component. RSS14 and RSS Stacked Omnidirectional have omnidirectional scanning capability. RSS Limited is designed for very small item identification. It encodes 14digit item identification using indicator digits 0 or 1 and provides a linkage flag for the 2D Composite Component. RSS Expanded and RSS Expanded Stacked encode all EANUCC System Application Identifier (AI) Element Strings. Each symbol has a variable length with a capacity of up to 74 characters. Each provides a linkage flag to indicate the existence of a 2D Composite Component. Unlike the UCC/EAN-128 Bar Code Symbol, the RSS Expanded Symbologies are designed to be read in an omnidirectional scanning environment. The Composite Component (CC) family of symbologies consists of new 2D symbologies that will be used by EAN International and the UCC as an add-on to their linear symbologies in new applications. The family is in the public domain. A symbol that combines a linear symbol with a 2D component is known as a composite symbol.
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The 2D component adds supplementary Application Identifier data to EANUCC System linear symbologies. It provides the following benefits:
The composite symbol is the only one with an easily scannable item
identification.
The composite symbols are comparable in size to the matrix symbols

but can be scanned with a wider range of scanner technologies.
The composite symbols are smaller than other laser scannable 2D

symbols. 2D components can be added to the RSS family, UCC/EAN-128, and EAN/ UPC Bar Code Symbols. There are three versions of the 2D symbol: CC-A, CC-B, and CC-C. The Composite Components increase in size and capacity. CC-C composites have greater capacity than CC-B composites, and CC-B composites have greater capacity than CC-A. The three versions of the Composite Component are based on new versions of MicroPDF417 and PDF417: CC-A (new version of MicroPDF417) up to 56 characters, CC-B (MicroPDF417 variant) up to 338 characters, and CC-C (PDF417 variant) up to 2361 characters. RSS and composite symbols can encode new features beyond the structure of the standard Element String carried by a UCC/EAN-128 Symbol. The symbol separator allows new structures such as nesting/looping to be used for logistics applications. A new Symbology Identifier of "]e0" is used to differentiate the data transmission from UCC/EAN-128 Bar Code Symbols because the data may easily exceed the 48-character limit for UCC/EAN-128. The primary identification is encoded in the linear symbol that is easily scanned with a low cost scanner. Supplementary AI Element Strings may be encoded in the two-dimensional (2D) component where they take up less space. Specific application guidelines will provide full details. Composite Symbols can be selected to provide the best fit to a specific area. For example, the same data can be encoded in RSS-14 Truncated/CC-A, RSS Limited/CC-A, or RSS-14 Stacked/CC-A. Each of the three composites can be used to fit a different maximum height and width space requirement. To provide assistance for rapid implementation, EAN International and the Uniform Code Council (UCC) have:
Patents granted and placed in the public domain Reduced Space Symbology (RSS) and Composite Symbology
specifications issued by AIM, Inc.;
RSS verifiers available and Two-dimensional 2D composite symbol

verifiers in development.
Active user application groups Completed pilot tests with additional tests underway
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Reduced Space Symbology (RSS)

Introduction
Reduced Space Symbology (RSS) is a family of linear symbologies used within the EANUCC System. There are three types of RSS symbols, two of which have a number of versions optimised for different application requirements.
RSS-14 encodes AI (01) in a linear symbol that can be scanned

omnidirectionally by suitably programmed slot scanners.
RSS-14 Stacked is a variation of the RSS-14 Symbology that is

stacked in two rows and used when the normal symbol would be too wide for the application. It comes in two versions: a truncated version used for small item marking applications and a taller version that is designed to be read by omnidirectional scanners.
RSS Limited encodes AI (01) in a linear symbol for use on small

items that will not be scanned in an omnidirectional scanning environment.
RSS Expanded encodes EANUCC System primary item

identification plus supplementary AI Element Strings, such as weight and "best before" date, in a linear symbol that can be scanned omnidirectionally by suitably programmed slot scanners.
RSS Expanded can also be printed in multiple rows as a stacked

symbol. Any member of the RSS family can be printed as a stand-alone linear symbol or as a component of an EANUCC composite symbol with an accompanying two-dimensional (2D) Composite Component printed above the RSS linear component. The RSS family is fully described in the Automatic Identification Manufacturers, Inc. document AIM ITS 99-001 - International Symbology Specification - Reduced Space Symbology (RSS).
Symbology Characteristics
The characteristics of the RSS family are:
Encodable character set: RSS-14 versions and RSS Limited: digits 0 through 9 (with the
restriction of RSS Limited to 0 or 1 in the first digit)
RSS Expanded: a subset of Table 1 of the International Standard

ISO/IEC 646, consisting of the uppercase and lowercase letters, digits, spaces, and 20 selected punctuation characters in addition to the Function 1 Character (FNC1)
Symbol character structure: Different (n,k) symbol characters are used

for each member of the family, where each symbol character is n
modules in width and is composed of k bars and k spaces.
Code type: continuous, linear bar code symbology Maximum numeric data capacity (including implied Application
Identifiers (AIs) where appropriate, but not including any encoded FNC1 characters):
RSS-14 versions and RSS Limited: AI (01) plus a 14-digit numeric

item identification
RSS Expanded: 74 numeric or 41 alphabetic characters Error detection: RSS-14 versions: mod 79 checksum RSS Limited: mod 89 checksum RSS Expanded: mod 211 checksum Character self-checking Bidirectionally decodable Quiet Zones: none required
Additional Features
Additional Reduced Space Symbology (RSS) features include:
Data compaction: Each member of the RSS family has data compaction
methods optimised for the data strings that it will encode. RSS Expanded is also optimised for specific sequences of Application Identifiers (AIs) that are commonly used.
Component linkage: All RSS symbols include a linkage flag. If the

linkage flag is 0, then the RSS symbol stands alone. If the linkage flag is 1, then a 2D Composite Component and its separator pattern is printed above the RSS symbol with the separator pattern aligned and contiguous to the RSS symbol.
Edge to similar edge decoding: All RSS family data characters, finder
patterns, and check characters can be decoded using edge-to-edge measurements.
Large data characters: Unlike EAN/UPC Symbols, an RSS symbol's

data characters do not directly correspond to the encoded data character. The symbol's data characters encode thousands of possible combinations to increase the encoding efficiency. They are then combined mathematically to form the encoded data string.
UCC/EAN-128 Symbol emulation: Readers set to the UCC/EAN-128

Symbol emulation mode transmit the data encoded within the RSS family symbol as if the data were encoded in one or more UCC/EAN128 Symbols.
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RSS 14 Versions
RSS-14 encodes the Element String AI (01). It has four versions: RSS14, RSS-14 Truncated, RSS-14 Stacked, and RSS-14 Stacked Omnidirectional. All four versions encode data in an identical manner. An RSS-14 Symbol contains four data characters and two finder patterns. The RSS-14 family is capable of being scanned in four separate segments, each consisting of a data character and an adjacent finder pattern. The two finder patterns together encode a modulo 79 check value for data security. The left and right Guard Bar Patterns consist of a narrow bar and narrow space. RSS-14 does not require a Quiet Zone. RSS-14 The RSS-14 Bar Code Symbol is designed to be read by an omnidirectional scanner, such as a retail slot scanner. Its dimensions are 96X wide, starting with a 1X space and ending with a 1X bar, by 33X high (where X is the width of a module). For example, an RSS-14 Symbol with an X-dimension of 0.25 mm would be 24 mm wide and 8.25 mm high.
(01)20012345678909
Figure 62 RSS-14 Bar Code Symbol
RSS-14 Truncated The RSS-14 Truncated Bar Code Symbol is a reduced height version of the RSS-14 Bar Code Symbol that is designed for small items that will not need to be read by omnidirectional scanners. Its dimensions are 96X wide by 13X high (where X is the width of a module). For example, an RSS-14 Truncated Symbol with an X-dimension of 0.25 mm would be 24 mm wide by 3.25 mm high.
(01)00012345678905
Figure 63 RSS-14 Truncated Bar Code Symbol
RSS-14 Stacked The RSS-14 Stacked Bar Code Symbol is a reduced height two-row version of the RSS-14Bar Code Symbol that is designed for small items that will not need to be read by omnidirectional scanners. Its dimensions are 50X wide by 13X high (where X is the width of a module). For example, an RSS-14 Stacked Symbol with an X-dimension of 0.25 mm would be 12.5
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mm wide by 3.25 mm high. Its structure includes a 1X high separator pattern between the two rows.
(01)00012345678905
Figure 64 RSS-14 Stacked Bar Code Symbol
RSS-14 Stacked Omni-directional The RSS-14 Stacked Omnidirectional Bar Code Symbol is a full height two-row version of the RSS-14 Bar Code Symbol that is designed to be read by an omnidirectional scanner, such as a retail slot scanner. Its dimensions are 50X wide by 69X high (where X is the width of a module). For example, an RSS-14 Stacked Omnidirectional Symbol with an Xdimension of 0.25 mm would be 12.5 mm wide by 17.25 mm high. The height of 69X includes a 3X high separator pattern between two rows of 33X each.
(01)00034567890125
Figure 65 RSS-14 Stacked Omnidirectional Bar Code Symbol
RSS Limited
The RSS Limited Bar Code Symbol encodes the Element String AI (01). This Element String is based on the UCC-12, EAN/UCC-8, EAN/UCC-13, or EAN/UCC-14 Data Structures. However, when using the EAN/UCC-14 Data Structure, only the indicator value 1 is allowed. The RSS-14 family must be used for EAN/UCC-14 Data Structures with an indicator value greater than 1. The RSS Limited Bar Code Symbol is designed for small items that will not need to be read by omnidirectional Point-of-Sale (POS) scanners. Its dimensions are 74X wide, starting with a 1X space and ending with a 1X bar, by 10X high (where X is the width of a module). For example, an RSS Limited Bar Code Symbol with an X-dimension of 0.25 mm would be 18.5 mm wide by 2.5 mm high.
(01)15012345678907
Figure 66 RSS Limited Bar Code Symbol
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An RSS Limited Symbol contains two data characters and a check character. The check character encodes a modulo 89 check value for data security. The left and right Guard Bar Patterns consist of a narrow bar and narrow space. The RSS Limited Bar Code Symbol does not require a Quiet Zone.
RSS Expanded Versions

RSS Expanded is a variable length linear symbology capable of encoding up to 74 numeric or 41 alphabetic characters of AI Element String data. RSS Expanded is designed to encode primary and supplementary data in items for Point-of-Sale (POS) and other applications. It has the same capabilities as an UCC/EAN-128 Symbol except that it is also designed to be scanned by omnidirectional slot scanners. It is designed for variable weight products, perishable products, traceable retail products, and coupons. The left and right Guard Bar Patterns consist of a narrow bar and narrow space. RSS Expanded does not require a Quiet Zone. RSS Expanded The RSS Expanded Bar Code Symbol has a variable width (from 4 to 22 symbol characters, or a minimum of 102X wide and a maximum of 534X wide) and is 34X high (where X is the width of a module). The symbol starts with a 1X space and ends with either a 1X bar or space. For example, the RSS Expanded Symbol shown in the figure below with an X-dimension of 0.25 mm would be 37.75 mm wide by 8.5 mm high.
(01)90614141000015(3202)000150
Figure 67 RSS Expanded Bar Code Symbol
RSS Expanded Stacked The RSS Expanded Stacked Bar Code Symbol is a multi-row stacked version of RSS Expanded. It can be printed in widths of 2 to 20 segments and can have from 2 to 11 rows. Its structure includes a 3X high separator pattern between rows. It is designed to be read by an omnidirectional scanner such as a retail slot scanner. The RSS Expanded Stacked Symbol shown below with an X-dimension of 0.25 mm would be 25.5 mm wide by 17.75 mm high. The white space at the end of the second row of the symbol shown is not part of the symbol and can be used for other purposes, such as text.
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(01)90614141000015(3202)000150
Figure 68 RSS Expanded Stacked Bar Code Symbol
RSS Expanded Stacked is used when the symbol area or print mechanism is not wide enough to accommodate the full single-row RSS Expanded Symbol. It is designed for variable weight products, perishable products, traceable retail products, and coupons.
Human Readable Interpretation in RSS Symbols

The Human Readable Interpretation of data in a bar code must be shown below the bar code symbol. The precise location of the human readable characters and the font used to represent them are not specified for the Reduced Space Symbology (RSS) Symbol. However, characters should be clearly legible (such as OCR-B) and must be obviously associated with the symbol. Application Identifiers (AIs) should be clearly recognisable to facilitate key entry. This is achieved by putting the AI between parentheses in the Human Readable Interpretation. Note: The parentheses are not part of the data and are not encoded in the bar code symbol, following the same principle that applies to UCC/EAN128 Symbols. As an option, the data title (See Data titles on page 128) may be associated with the data instead of using the AI numbers. The figure below shows the weight and price identified with text.
Figure 69 The Human Readable Interpretation
Weight: 1.5 lbs
Price: $3.55
(01)90614141000015
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Width of a Module (X-dimension)

The range of the X-dimension will be defined by the application specification, having due regard to the availability of equipment for the production and reading of symbols and complying with the general requirements of the application. The X-dimension shall be constant throughout a given symbol.
Print Quality Grade

The International Standard ISO/IEC 15416 Automatic identification and data capture techniques - Bar code print quality test specification - Linear symbols methodology should be used for measuring and grading the Reduced Space Symbology (RSS) family of symbols. The ISO/IEC 15416 print quality specification is functionally identical to the older ANSI and CEN print quality specifications. The print quality grade is measured by verifiers that comply with the standard. The grade includes a grade level, measuring aperture, and the wavelength of light used for the measurement. The minimum quality grade for RSS Symbols is: 1.5 / 6 / 670 where
1.5 is the overall symbol quality grade. 6 is the measuring aperture reference number (corresponding to an 0.15
mm or 0.006 in. diameter aperture).
670 is the peak response wavelength in nanometres.

In addition to the minimum print quality grade, all elements in the row separator patterns should be visually distinguishable.
Advice for Selecting the Symbology

Any use of Reduced Space Symbology (RSS) should comply with EANUCC System global application guidelines. RSS is not meant to replace other EANUCC System Symbologies. Existing applications that are satisfactorily utilising EAN/UPC Symbols, ITF-14 Symbols, or UCC/EAN-128 Symbols should continue to use them. Note: Scanning systems that need to read RSS Symbols must be appropriately programmed. If RSS is used on items that will be read by omnidirectional slot scanners, then RSS-14, RSS-14 Stacked Omnidirectional, RSS Expanded, or RSS Expanded Stacked should be used. If only an AI (01) is to be encoded, then RSS-14 or RSS-14 Stacked Omnidirectional should be used. The selection of one or the other depends on the aspect ratio of the area available for the symbol.
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If supplementary Application Identifier (AI) Element Strings are required or the primary identification has an AI other than AI (01), then RSS Expanded or RSS Expanded Stacked must be used. The selection of one or the other depends on the width of the print head or the area available for the symbol. If RSS is used on small items that do not need omnidirectional scanning capability, then RSS-14 Stacked, RSS Limited, or RSS-14 Truncated should be used. RSS Limited cannot be used to encode an EAN/UCC-14 number structure with an indicator value greater than 1. Otherwise RSS-14 or RSS-14 Stacked must be used. RSS-14 Stacked is the smallest symbol; however as the heights of both rows are very low, it is harder to scan and cannot be used with wand scanners. If space is available, RSS Limited can be used for number structures that it can encode. Otherwise RSS-14 Truncated should be used for EAN/UCC-14 Data Structures with an indicator value greater than 1. If the symbol is an RSS Composite Symbol, then using a wider RSS Symbol such as RSS-14 Truncated instead of RSS Limited may be preferable because the wider companion 2D Composite Component may result in an RSS Composite Symbol of lower overall height even though the RSS component itself is slightly taller. If the data capacity in a two-column or three-column CC-B 2D Composite Component is inadequate to encode the required 2D component's data message, then the linear component can be changed to increase the number of columns of the companion CC-B component. This will increase the maximum data capacity of the CC-B component.
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EANUCC Composite Symbology

Introduction
The EANUCC Composite Symbology integrates both an EANUCC System linear symbol and a 2D Composite Component as a single symbology. There are three types of EANUCC Composite Symbols A, B and C, each with different encoding rules. The encoder model is designed to automatically select the appropriate type and optimise. The linear component encodes the item's primary identification. The adjacent 2D Composite Component encodes supplementary data, such as a batch number and expiration date. The EANUCC Composite Symbol always includes a linear component so that the primary identification is readable by all scanning technologies. The EANUCC Composite Symbol always includes a multi-row 2D Composite Component that can be read with linear- and area-CCD scanners, and with linear and rastering laser scanners. The EANUCC Composite Symbology is described in the Automatic Identification Manufacturers, Inc. AIM ITS 99-002 - International Symbology Specification - EANUCC Composite Symbology.
EANUCC Composite Symbology Characteristics

The characteristics of the EANUCC Composite Symbology are:
Encodable character set:

Linear components:
EAN/UPC Symbol, RSS-14 Symbol versions, and RSS

Limited Symbol: digits 0 through 9
UCC/EAN-128 Symbol and RSS Expanded Symbol: a subset of

Table 1 of the International Standard ISO/IEC 646, consisting of the uppercase and lowercase letters, digits, spaces, and 20 selected punctuation characters in addition to the Function 1 Character (FNC1) 2D Composite Components:
All types: UCC/EAN-128 Symbols and RSS Expanded Symbols

together with the symbol separator character
Additionally, for CC-B and CC-C: 2D Composite Component

escape character
Symbol character structure: Various (n,k) symbol characters are used in

accordance with the underlying symbology of the selected linear and 2D Composite Components of the symbol.
Code type: Linear component: continuous, linear bar code symbology

2D Composite Component: continuous, multi-row bar code

symbology
Maximum numeric data capacity:

Linear component:
UCC/EAN-128 Symbol: up to 48 digits EAN/UPC Symbol: 8, 12, or 13 digits RSS Expanded Symbol: up to 74 digits Other RSS Symbols: 16 digits
2D Composite Component:
CC-A: up to 56 digits CC-B: up to 338 digits CC-C: up to 2,361 digits Error detection and correction: Linear component: a modulo check value for error detection 2D Composite Component: a fixed or variable number of ReedSolomon error correction codewords, depending upon the specific 2D Composite Component
Character self-checking Bi-directionally decodable

Additional Features Additional EANUCC Composite Symbology features:
Data compaction: The 2D Composite Components utilise a bitoriented compaction mode designed to encode data efficiently using Application Identifiers (AIs).
Component linkage: The 2D Composite Component of each EANUCC

Composite Symbol contains a linkage flag, which indicates to the reader that no data shall be transmitted unless the associated linear component is also scanned and decoded. All linear components except EAN/UPC Symbols also contain an explicit linkage flag.
UCC/EAN-128 Symbol emulation: Readers set to the UCC/EAN-128

Symbol emulation mode transmit the data encoded within the EANUCC Composite Symbol as if the data were encoded in one or more UCC/EAN-128 Symbols.
A symbol separator character: a flag character to support future

applications that instructs the reader to terminate transmission of the message at that point and to transmit the remaining data as a separate message
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2D Composite Component escape mechanism: a mechanism to support

future applications that require data content beyond the ISO 646 subset encodable in the standard form of the EANUCC Composite Symbology
Symbol Structure
Each EANUCC Composite Symbol consists of a linear component and a multi-row 2D Composite Component. The 2D Composite Component is printed above the linear component. The two components are separated by a separator pattern. Up to 3X of light space is permitted between the separator pattern and 2D Composite Component to facilitate printing the two components separately; however, if the two components are printed at one time, the nominal alignment should be followed.
(01)13112345678906(17)010615(10)A123456
Figure 70 RSS Limited Composite Symbol with CC-A
In the above figure the AI (01) Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) is encoded in the RSS Limited linear component. The AI (17) expiration date and the AI (10) lot number are encoded in the CC-A 2D Composite Component. The linear component is one of the following:
A member of the EAN/UPC Symbology (EAN-13, EAN-8, UPC-A, or

UPC-E)
A member of the Reduced Space Symbology (RSS) family A UCC/EAN-128 Symbol

The choice of linear component determines the name of the EANUCC Composite Symbol, such as an EAN-13 Composite Symbol, or a UCC/EAN-128 Composite Symbol. The 2D Composite Component (abbreviated as CC) is chosen based on the selected linear component and on the amount of supplementary data to be encoded. The three 2D Composite Components, listed in order of increasing maximum data capacity, are:
CC-A: a variant of MicroPDF417 CC-B: a MicroPDF417 symbol with new encoding rules CC-C: a PDF417 symbol with new encoding rules
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(01)03812345678908(10)ABCD123456(410)3898765432108
Figure 71 UCC/EAN-128 Composite Symbol with CC-C
In the above figure the AI (01) GTIN is encoded in the UCC/EAN-128 Symbol linear component. The AI (10) lot number and the AI (410) ship-to location are encoded in the CC-C 2D Composite Component. Based upon the width of the linear component, a choice of "best-fit" 2D Composite Component is specified.
Linear Component UPC-A & EAN-13 EAN-8 UPC-E UCC/EAN-128 RSS-14 & RSS-14 Truncated RSS-14 Stacked & RSS-14 Stacked Omnidirectional RSS Limited RSS Expanded & RSS Expanded Stacked Figure 72 CC-A/CC-B Yes (4-column) Yes (3-column) Yes (2-column) Yes (4-column) Yes (4-column) Yes (2-column) Yes (3-column) Yes (4-column) CC-C No No No Yes (Variable Width) No No No No
Permissible Combinations of Linear & 2D Composite Components
CC-A Structure
CC-A is a variant of MicroPDF417 with a unique combination of row address patterns (RAP). It is the smallest of the 2D Composite Components and can encode up to 56 digits. It has from 3 to 12 rows and 2 to 4 columns. Each row is a minimum of 2X high (where X is the width of a module, narrow bar or space). A 1X high minimum separator pattern is positioned between the linear component and 2D Composite Component. (A different separator pattern, 6X high, is used in EANUCC Composite Symbols with EAN/UPC linear components). Each row also requires a 1X Quiet Zone at each end. There is no Quiet Zone required above CC-A. The separator pattern is printed directly above the linear component and no Quiet Zone is required below the CC-A.
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CC-B Structure
CC-B is a MicroPDF417 symbol uniquely identified by the codeword 920 as the first codeword in the symbol. Encoding systems normally automatically select CC-B when the data to be encoded exceeds the capacity of CC-A. CC-B can encode up to 338 digits. It has from 10 to 44 rows and 2 to 4 columns. Each row is a minimum of 2X high (where X is the width of a module, narrow bar or space). A 1X high minimum separator pattern is positioned between the linear component and 2D Composite Component. (A different separator pattern, 6X high, is used in EANUCC Composite Symbols with EAN/UPC linear components). Each row also requires a 1X Quiet Zone on each end. There is no Quiet Zone required above CC-B. The separator pattern is printed directly above the linear component and no Quiet Zone is required below the CC-B.
CC-C Structure
CC-C is a PDF417 symbol uniquely identified by the codeword 920 as the first codeword in the symbol following the symbol length descriptor. CC-C can be used as a 2D Composite Component within a UCC/EAN-128 Composite Symbol. It has the greatest data capacity of the EANUCC Composite Symbols, encoding up to 2,361 digits. It has from 3 to 30 rows and 1 to 30 data/EC codeword columns. Each row is a minimum of 3X high (where X is the width of a module, narrow bar or space). A 1X high minimum separator pattern is positioned Each row also requires a 2X Quiet Zone on each end. There is no Quiet Zone required above CC-C. The separator pattern is printed directly above the linear component, and no Quiet Zone is required below the CC-C. CC-C is normally printed with the number of columns that will result in a width nearly matching the width of the UCC/EAN-128 Symbol linear component. However, as an option, the user may specify a wider CC-C to be printed. This reduces the height of the 2D Composite Component. A lower EANUCC Composite Symbol may be needed to fit in a heightrestricted application. A wider CC-C may also be required if the amount of data would not fit in the default width CC-C.
Special Compressed Element String Sequences

While 2D Composite Components can encode any sequence of Application Identifier (AI) Element Strings up to the maximum capacity of the component, certain sequences of AI Element Strings have been selected for special compression in 2D Composite Component Symbols. If the application requires the use of the AI Element Strings in one of these sequences, and they are used in the predefined sequence, a smaller symbol will result.
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For special compression to be performed, the AI Element String sequence must occur at the start of the 2D Composite Component's data. Other AI Element Strings may be added following the sequence. The AI Element Strings selected for special compression are:
Production date and lot number: AI (11) production date followed by

AI (10) lot number
Expiration date and lot number: AI (17) expiration date followed by AI

(10) lot number
AI (90): AI (90) followed by the Element String data starting with an

alphabetic character and a digit; AI (90) may be used to encode data identifier data; the AI (90) followed by data in the data identifier format has special compression applied only if it is the start of the first Element String.
Human Readable Interpretation in Composite Symbols

The Human Readable Interpretation of the linear component of the EANUCC Composite Symbol must be shown below the linear component. If there is a Human Readable Interpretation of the 2D Composite Component, there is no required location, but it should be close to the EANUCC Composite Symbol. The precise location of the human readable characters and the font used to represent them are not specified for EANUCC Composite Symbols. However, the characters should be clearly legible (such as OCR-B) and must be obviously associated with the symbol. Application Identifiers (AIs) should be clearly recognisable to facilitate key entry. This is achieved by putting the AI between parentheses in the Human Readable Interpretation. Note: The parentheses are not part of the data and are not encoded in the bar code symbol, following exactly the same principle that applies to UCC/ EAN 128 Symbols. As an option, the data title (see Data titles on page 128) may be associated with the data instead of using AIs.The figure below shows the expiration date and lot number identified with text. This can be compared with Figure 70 on page 184, where the same data is shown using the all-AI format.
Exp. Date: JUN 15, 2001 Lot #: A123456
(0 1 )1 3 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 6
Figure 73 The Human Readable Interpretation
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For EANUCC Composite Symbols encoding a large amount of data, it may not be practical to display all the data in Human Readable Interpretation form or, even if there is space to show it in this form, it may not be practical to key enter that much data. In these instances, some of the data may be omitted from the Human Readable Interpretation. However, primary identification data such as the Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) and Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC) must always be shown. Application specifications provide guidance on Human Readable Interpretation.
Width of a Module (X-dimension)

The X-dimension of the 2D Composite Component must be the same as that of the associated linear component. Refer to the linear component's Xdimension requirements.
Print Quality
The print quality assessment methodology defined in the International Standard ISO/IEC 15416 should be used for measuring and grading the linear components. The ISO print quality specification is functionally identical to the older ANSI and CEN print quality specifications. The print quality grade is measured by verifiers that apply the standard. The print quality grade reported includes a grade level, measuring aperture, and the wavelength of light used for the measurement. AIM ITS 99-002 - International Symbology Specification - MicroPDF417 and ISO/IEC 15438 - Automatic identification and data capture techniques - Symbology specification - PDF417 specify the methods for determining the print quality grade of the 2D Composite Components CC-A/B and CC-C respectively. An additional grading parameter unused error correction (UEC) is defined in these specifications. The minimum quality grade for EANUCC Composite Symbols is: 1.5 / 6 / 670 where
1.5 is the overall symbol quality grade. 6 is the measuring aperture reference number (corresponding to an 0.15
mm or 0.006 in. diameter aperture).
670 is the peak response wavelength in nanometres. In addition to the

print quality grade, all elements in the separator patterns should be visually distinguishable. Both the linear component and the 2D Composite Component must independently achieve the minimum print quality grade. Note: An international standard methodology for quality grading twodimensional symbologies is under development and may eventually supersede the method defined in the above specifications.
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Advice for Selecting the Symbology

Any use of the 2D Composite Component should comply with EANUCC System global application guidelines. The linear component of an EANUCC Composite Symbol should be selected according to the application rules defined in the General EANUCC Specifications, but where a choice of linear components is available for the application, consideration should also be given to the 2D Composite Component options available. A wider linear component will result in a shorter 2D Composite Component and, particularly for CC-B, a higher capacity symbol. For CC-A and CC-B, the selection of the linear component automatically determines the number of columns of the 2D Composite Component. The selection of CC-A or CC-B is automatically determined by the amount of data to be encoded. CC-A is always used unless the data exceeds its capacity. When the linear component is a UCC/EAN-128 Symbol, the user may specify CC-A/B or CC-C. CC-A/B will produce a smaller 2D Composite Component. However, CC-C can increase in width to match the width of the UCC/EAN-128 Symbol or be selected to be even wider. This may produce an EANUCC Composite Symbol of lower height. CC-C also has a larger data capacity, so it is suitable for applications such as logistics.
(99)1234-abcd
Figure 74 Sample EANUCC Composite Symbols
Figure 75 UPC-A Symbol with a Four-Column CC-B Component
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Figure 76 EAN-8 Symbol with a Three-Column CC-A
(15)021231
Figure 77 UPC-E Symbol with a Two-Column CC-A
(01)036112345678904(11)990102 Figure 78 RSS-14 Symbol with a Four-Column CC-A
(01)03412345678900(17)010200
Figure 79 RSS-14 Stacked Symbol with a Two-Column CC-A
(01)03512345678907
Figure 80 RSS Limited Symbol with a Three-Column CC-B
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(01)93712345678904(3103)001234 (91)1A2B3C4D5E
Figure 81 RSS Expanded Symbol with a Four-Column CC-A
(01)03212345678906 (21)A1B2C3D4E5F6G7H8
Figure 82 UCC/EAN-128 Symbol with a Four-Column CC-A
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Appendices
The basis of identifying an item using the EANUCC system is the EANUCC company prefix. This number guarantees the precise identification of the company in the EANUCC system. Using the EANUCC company prefix as a basis, a business unit generates the numbers it needs for all relevant items such as goods, documents, or business addresses. These identification numbers are unique world-wide and cannot be confused; they replace a business units own numbering system in dealings with other business units. EAN Australia issues EANUCC company prefixes to those business units that undertake the numbering at source of all items. It makes no difference whether the business unit itself actually produces the item. In general, the business unit requiring the EANUCC company prefix is the one who effectively puts the item on the market under its own name or brand, and which therefore controls the packaging or labelling process. The EANUCC company prefix may not be sold, leased or given, in whole or in part, for use by any other company. Companies who wish to label and apply bar codes to variable weight items must apply to EAN Australia for standard variable weight company numbers. See National solution for standard numbering of retail variable measure trade items on page 152 for more information. Although a retailer who wishes to number own label items could use the EANUCC company prefix of the actual producer of the item this is not recommended. However, it is recommended that retailers use their own EANUCC numbers for own label items. If the items are sold only in a retailers own stores, the retailer may use an in-store code instead. Each independent business unit requires a separate EANUCC company prefix. An independent business unit is defined as one which controls and markets its own range of items and issues its own invoices, whether or not it is legally constituted company or an operating division of a larger company.
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Such a business unit may use more than one EANUCC company prefix if it finds it necessary, but should not do so without good reason, because it may cause confusion.

The EANUCC company prefix issued by EAN Australia is purely an identification number and has no other significance. The business unit which possesses the EANUCC company prefix is responsible for ensuring that item reference numbers are allocated uniquely to individual items, without risk of ambiguity.
Prefix values
Prefix values are issued to National Numbering Authorities by EAN International. See Table 29. As new prefixes are constantly being added an up to date list can be viewed on EAN International website www.eanint.org.
Prefix 000 - 139 200299 300379 380 383 385 387 400440 45, 49 460-469 470 471 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 Assigned country or item UCC (USA and Canada) In-store numbers GENCOD-EAN France BCCI (Bulgaria) EAN Slovenia EAN Croatia EAN-BIH (Bosnia-Herzegovina) CCG (Germany) Distribution Code Center - DCC (Japan) UNISCAN - EAN Russia (Russian Federation) EAN Kyrgyzstan EAN Taiwan EAN Eesti (Estonia) EAN Latvia EAN Azerbaijan EAN Lithuania EAN Uzbekistan EAN Sri Lanka PANC (Philippines) Table 29 Prefix digits assigned by EAN International
Appendices
Prefix 481 482 484 485 486 487 489 50 520 528 529 531 535 539 54 560 569 57 590 594 599 600601 608 609 611 613 616 619 621 622 624 625 626
Assigned country or item EAN Belarus EAN Ukraine EAN Moldova EAN Armenia EAN Georgia EAN Kazakhstan HKANA (Hong Kong) e-centre UK HELLCAN-EAN HELLAS (Greece) EAN Lebanon EAN Cyprus EAN-MAC (FYR Macedonia) EAN Malta EAN Ireland ICODIF/EAN Belgium and Luxembourg CODIPOR (Portugal) EAN Iceland EAN Denmark EAN Poland EAN Romania EAN Hungary EAN South Africa EAN Bahrain EAN Mauritius EAN Maroc (Morocco) EAN Algeria EAN Kenya Tunicode (Tunisia) EAN Syria EAN Egypt EAN Libya EAN Jordan EAN Iran Table 29 Prefix digits assigned by EAN International
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Prefix 627 628 629 64 690695 70 729 73 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 750 759 76 770 773 775 777 779 780 784 786 789 -790 8083 84 850 858 859 860
Assigned country or item EAN Kuwait EAN Saudi Arabia EAN Emirates EAN Finland Article Numbering Centre of China - ANCC (China) EAN Norge (Norway) Israel Bar Code Association - EAN Israel EAN Sweden EAN Guatemala EAN El Salvador EAN Honduras EAN Nicaragua EAN Costa Rica EAN Panama EAN Republica Dominicana AMECE (Mexico) EAN Venezuela EAN (Schweiz, Suisse, Svizzera, Switzerland) IAC (Colombia) EAN Uruguay EAN Peru EAN Bolivia CODIGO - EAN Argentina EAN Chile EAN Paraguay ECOP (Ecuador) EAN Brazil INDICOD (Italy) AECOC (Spain) Camera de Comercio do la Republica de Cuba (Cuba) EAN Slovakia EAN Czech EAN YU (Yugoslavia) Table 29 Prefix digits assigned by EAN International
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Prefix 867 869 87 880 885 888 890 893 899 9091 93 94 955 958 977 978979 980 981-982 99
Assigned country or item EAN DPR Korea (North Korea) Union of Chambers of Commerce of Turkey (Turkey) EAN Nederland (Netherlands) EAN Korea (South Korea) EAN Thailand SANC (Singapore) EAN India EAN Vietnam EAN Indonesia EAN Austria EAN Australia EAN New Zealand Malaysian Article Numbering Council (MANC) EAN Macau Periodicals (ISSN) Books (ISBN) Refund receipts Common Currency Coupons Coupons Table 29 Prefix digits assigned by EAN International
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Glossary
Add onA bar code used to encode information additional to that in the
main code.
AISee Application Identifier. AIDCAutomatic Identification and Data Capture AIMThe Automatic Identification Manufacturers Inc., a trade
association.
AlgorithmA set of steps to be taken to effect a desired calculation. AlignmentIn an automatic identification system, the relative
position and orientation of a scanner to the bar code.
AlphanumericA character set that contains letters, numbers, and

usually other characters such as punctuation marks.
American National Standards Institute

a non-governmental organisation responsible for the development of voluntary standards.
ANSISee American National Standards Institute. ApertureA physical opening that is part of the optical path in a device such as a scanner, photometer, or camera. Most apertures are circular, but they may be rectangular or elliptical. APNHistorical term for retail trade item number. Now referred to as
GTIN.
Application IdentifierThe field of two or more characters at the

beginning of data encoded in a UCC/EAN-128 bar code, which defines uniquely its format and meaning.
ArticleSee Item. ASCIIThe character set and code described in the American National
Standard Code for Information Interchange, ANSI X3.41977. Each ASCII character is encoded with seven bits. The ASCII character set is used for information interchange among data processing systems, communication systems, and associated equipment. The ASCII set consists of both control and printing characters.
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Glossary
Asset TypeA number assigned by the owner of an asset to uniquely identify a type of asset. Attribute dataA piece of information over and above the item identification given in the main EANUCC bar code. Auxiliary characterA representation in dark bars and light bars
(spaces) of data other than human readable characters, that is, start pattern, stop pattern or centre pattern.
BackgroundThe spaces, light margin area, and any other area

surrounding a printed bar code.
Bar code densityThe number of data characters that can be

represented in a linear unit of measure. Often expressed in characters per inch.
Bar codeA representation of a group of numbers and/or letters (alpha

or numerical digits) in a form suitable for reading by machines. Refers to the bars and spaces, and the human readable characters underneath.
BarsThe dark lines and light spaces in a bar code. Bar widthThe thickness of a bar measured from the edge closest to
the bar codes start character to the trailing edge of the same bar.
Bar width reduction

The extent by which the bars on the film master are reduced in order to
correct for print gain.
Reduction of the nominal dimension bar width on film masters or

printing plates to compensate for systematic errors in some printing processes. Bar width reduction can have positive or negative values.
Bearer barsBars surrounding a bar code to prevent misreads or to improve print quality of the bar code. Bi-directionallyIn two directions, that is, backwards and forwards. Billing UnitAn item which is priced and invoiced in trade between
two parties at any point in the supply chain.
Brand OwnerThe party that is responsible for allocating

EANUCC numbering and bar coding on a given trade item. The administrator of an EANUCC company prefix.
Centre patternA special pattern of dark bars and light spaces that separates a bar code into two halves.
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Glossary
Character
A single group of bars and spaces that represent a specific character. A graphic shape representing a letter, numeral, punctuation mark or
symbol.
A letter, digit or other symbol used as part of organising, controlling, or

representing data.
Character setThose characters available for encoding in the UCC/

EAN-128 symbology.
Check digitA character calculated from other characters in the bar

code, used to check that the bar code is correctly composed.
Company numberA component of the EANUCC company

prefix. EAN and UCC assign company prefixes to entities that administer the allocation of EANUCC identification numbers. These entities may be commercial companies, not for profit organisations, governmental agencies, business units within organisations, etc.
ConcatenationThe ability to join together the data from multiple bar codes and interpret it as a single message. Consumer unitSee Retail item. Conveyerised scanningUnattended, fixed mount scanning
environments, where items are scanned automatically as they pass by on a conveyor.
Corner marksSee Light margin indicators. Data CarrierA means to represent data in a machine readable form,
used to enable automatic reading of the information encoded in the bar codes.
Data CharacterA letter, digit or other symbol which is represented by a bar code. Data TitlesA standard abbreviated description of a data field and
used to denote the Human Readable interpretation of encoded data.
DecoderThe part of a bar code reading system that:

receives the electronic signals from the scanner performs the algorithm to interpret the signals into the meaningful data provides the interface to other devices.
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Glossary
Design baseThe base of an item as suggested by its graphic design. Diffuse reflectionThe component of reflected light that emanates
in all directions from the reflecting surface.
DigitSee Human readable digits. Direction of printingThe direction in which the printing plate
moves across the substrate.
Direct printA process in which the printing apparatus prints the

symbol by making physical contact with a substrate, for example, flexography
EAN-8 Bar CodeA bar code of the EAN/UPC symbology that

encodes EAN/UCC-8 identification numbers.
EAN/UCC-8 Identification numberThe EANUCC identification number comprising eight digits used to identify trade items and special applications. You must apply to EAN Australia to obtain an EAN/UCC-8 number. EAN-13 Bar CodeA bar code of the EAN/UPC symbology that
encodes EAN/UCC-13 identification numbers.
EAN/UCC-13 Identification numberThe EANUCC

identification number comprising 13 digits used to identify trade items, locations and special applications.
EAN/UCC-14 Identification numberThe EANUCC

identification number comprising 14 digits used to identify trade items and Individual Assets.
EAN AustraliaThe Australian body of EAN International

responsible for coordinating, developing and promoting the EANUCC system of identification and bar coding in Australia.
EANCOM The international EDI standard provided by EAN

International, conforming to the UN/EDIFACT standard.
EAN InternationalEAN International, based in Brussels Belgium,

is an organisation of EAN Member Organisations that jointly manages the EANUCC System with the UCC.
EAN Member OrganisationA member of EAN International

that is responsible for administering the EANUCC system in their country (or assigned area) and for the correct use of the EANUCC system by their member companies.
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Glossary
EANUCC Company PrefixThe unique numbers allocated by

EAN Australia to every company responsible for numbering its items. The EANUCC company prefix, item reference and check digit constitute the global trade item number.
EANUCC Prefix - A number with two or more digits, coadministered by EAN International and UCC denoting the format and meaning of particular data encoded in an EAN/UPC bar code. EANUCC SystemThe specifications, standards and guidelines
co-administered by EAN International and the UCC.
EAN/UPC SymbologyA family of bar code symbols including EAN-8, EAN-13, UPC-A and UPC-E versions. Although UPC-E symbols do not have a separate symbology identifier, they act like a separate symbology through the scanning application software. EDI - Electronic Data Interchange Electronic CommerceThe conduct of business communications and management through electronic methods, such as electronic data interchange and automated data collection systems. ElementA single dark bar or light bar (space) in a bar code. Element StringA piece of data defined in structure and meaning,
comprising an identification part (prefix or application identifier) and a data part, represented in an EANUCC endorsed bar code.
EncodePut human readable characters into the form of a bar code. Extension digitA digit which is used to increase the capacity of the
Item Reference within the SSCC. This was previously known as Packaging indicator.
FieldAn area in a computer file designated for one item of data. Field lengthThe size of the field. In the context of item numbering,
this is measured in number of human readable characters.
Field separatorCharacter that separates different Application Identifiers and their data within the EAN-128 symbology. FileA set of data stored in a computer. Filler characterA character inserted to extend the data to achieve a
desired field length.
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Glossary
Film masterThe original film, much like a photograph film, used to print a bar code. Film master suppliers make film masters. Fixed Measure Trade ItemAn item always produced in the same pre-defined version (type, size, weight, contents, design, etc.,) that may be sold at any point in the supply chain. Fixed parityThe section of the bar code between two auxiliary characters has fixed parity if the representation of every human readable digit has all even parity or all odd parity. Flat bed scannerAlso called a flat top scanner. Used at the checkouts in consumer retail outlets to read bar codes. Capable of reading a bar code omni-directionally. FlexographyA printing process using flexible relief polymer or
rubber plates and spirit based inks. Flexography printing is common in the production of food packaging.
FontA specific size and style of printers type. Function 1 characterAn auxiliary character used in the special
double character start pattern, and as a field separator, in the UCC/EAN-128 bar code representing AI information. The function character in the special double character start pattern differentiates an UCC/EAN-128 from a Code-128
Guard patternsSee Start pattern and stop pattern. HIBCCThe Health Industry Business Communications Council. H markThe character in the printability gauge for the ITF bar code
used for routine print quality control (determining the amount of ink spread).
Human readable digitsThe characters usually printed

underneath the bars of a bar code.
General distribution scanningIncluding unattended, fixed

mount scanning environments, where items are scanned automatically as they pass by on a conveyor.
GIAIShorthand term for the EANUCC Global Individual Asset Identifier. GLNShorthand term for the EANUCC Global Location Number using
the EAN/UCC-13 identification numbers.
GRAIShorthand term for the EANUCC Global Returnable Asset

Identifier.
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Glossary
GSRN - Shorthand term for the EANUCC Global Service Relations

Number.
GTINShorthand term for the EANUCC Global Trade Item Number. A GTIN may use the EAN/UCC-8, UCC-12, EAN/UCC-13 or EAN/UCC-14 numbering structures. Implied zerosLeading zeros used as filler characters which are not directly encoded in the bar code, nor shown in human readable digits beneath the bar code. IndicatorThe first digit of the EAN/UCC-14 identification number. A
different indicator identifies different levels of packaging of the same item
Individual AssetAn entity which is part of the inventory of a given

company.
Interleaved Two of FiveITF. A symbology for use on nonretail items (trade units).
Internal numberSee Restricted distribution number. Internal codeIn-house code. A unique and unambiguous code used
in a specific closed environment. It can only be used internally within the boundaries of the organisation.
International Standard Book NumberISBN. Ten digit numbers used internationally by publishers to identify their books. Every book has a unique ISBN. International Standard Serial NumberISSN. Eight digit numbers used internationally to identify periodicals and journals. Every periodical and journal has a unique ISSN. ISBNSee International Standard Book Number. ISSNSee International Standard Serial Number. Item identification numberSee GTIN Item numberSee Item Reference Item ReferenceThe part of the data which is allocated by the user
to identify a trade item or logistics unit.
ITFSee Interleaved Two of Five. Key entryManually inputting data using a keyboard. Label printing machineA device for producing bar code labels directly from human readable information.
Glossary
LadderThe vertical orientation of a bar code on packaging, where the

bars and spaces are printed horizontally.
Laser scannerAn electronic bar code reading device that uses a low power laser as the light source. Leading zerosZeros at the left of an identification number. LEDLight Emitting Diode. A semiconductor that produces light at a
wavelength determined by its chemical composition. LEDs are often used in light pens.
Light margin areaThe clear area which must surround every bar code. Also called the quiet zone. Light margin indicatorsA greater than (>) or less than (<) character, printed in the human readable field of a bar code, with the tip aligned with the outer edge of the light margin. Light penA hand-held bar code reading device. You pass a light pen across a bar code to decode it. Limited circulation numberA number used on an item in
restricted distribution, for example, internal or coupon numbers.
Local assigned codeThe American term for internal code. Logistic UnitAn item of any composition established for transport and/or storage, which needs to be managed through the supply chain. Logistical variantSee Indicator. Machine readableCapable of being read by scanner devices. Magnification factorThe amount to multiply the nominal
dimensions of a bar code to obtain the actual dimensions for the film master.
Manufacturer numberSee EANUCC Company Prefix. Mixed caseAssorted case. A non-retail item containing a selection of several different retail items. ModuleThe narrowest nominal dimension width measurement in a
bar code. It is equivalent to X-dimension. In the EAN/UPC bar code, each digit of the identification number is represented by seven modules of uniform width. The modules may be light or dark.
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Glossary
Modulo 103A number that results from a modulo calculation that is

encoded in the UCC/EAN-128 bar code as a self-checking symbol character. It is created automatically by software as an auxiliary character and is not expressed in the human readable interpretation.
MultipackA number of retail items packaged together to form a

larger retail item.
Nominal dimensions
The reference dimensions of a bar code stipulated in Symbology and
Printing Specifications for EANUCC Bar Codes manual. The nominal dimensions are usually multiplied by the magnification factor to obtain the actual dimensions.
The exact, or ideal, intended value for a specified parameter. Tolerances

are specified as positive and negative deviations from this value.
Nominal sizeSee Nominal dimensions. Non-readIn a bar code reading system, the absence of data at the
scanner output after an attempted scan due to no bar code, defective bar code, scanner failure, or operator error.
Non-retail trade itemAny trade item that is not intended to be sold to consumers in a retail outlet. See Trade unit. Non-significant numberA number with no embedded
meaning. When the number is scanned, the system looks up the number and retrieves any information linked to it.
Numbering organisationSee EAN Member Organisation. Number setA series of ten arrangements of modules to represent each digit zero through nine. NumericA character set that includes only numbers. OCR-BA stylised font choice used for traditional OCR printing. OmnidirectionalIn all directions. EAN/UPC bar codes are capable
of omnidirectional scanning. That is, they can be scanned in any orientation across the scanner.
OrientationThe alignment of a bar code with respect to horizontal.

Two possible orientations are horizontal with vertical bars and spaces (picket fence) and vertical with horizontal bars and spaces (ladder).
Own labelAn item branded by a retailer or wholesaler.
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Glossary
Packaging indicatorSee Indicator. ParityIn EAN/UPC bar codes, the representation of a human readable
digit has odd parity if it has an odd number of dark modules, and even parity if it has an even number of dark modules.
PCSSee Print Contrast Signal. Photometric receiverA red pen. Picket fenceThe horizontal orientation of a bar code on packaging,
where the bars and spaces are printed vertically.
PLUSee Price Look Up. Point Of SalePOS. The point at which retail items are purchased
either in a retail or cash and carry outlet.
POSSee Point Of Sale. PrefixSee EANUCC Prefix Pre-printed symbolA bar code that is printed on a label, or on
the item at the same time as other information is printed at source.
Price Look UpPLU. Retrieving a price from a computer file as

opposed to key entering the price.
Printability gaugeA series of specially calibrated marks on a film

(similar to a photograph film) printed on to packaging to test the quality of printing.
Printability rangeThe range of marks in a printablility gauge

found to have lost resolution when printed over a series of print runs.
Printability testA test of print quality to measure amount of ink

spread.
Print Contrast SignalPCS. A measure of the relative difference between the reflectance of dark bars and light bars (spaces). Print directionThe direction in which the printing plate moves
across the substrate.
Print gainThe amount by which a printed bar is wider than the same
bar on the film master.
Print gain variationThe different amounts of print gain for the

same bar code found in a print run.
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Glossary
Print qualityThe measure of compliance of a bar code to the requirements of dimensional tolerance, edge roughness, spots, voids, reflectance, PCS, light margin areas, and encodation. Quiet zoneSee Light margin area. Random wrappingPackaging which is not registered on the item,
so that a particular part of the design will not always appear in the same place.
ReflectanceThe ratio of the amount of light returned from a target

surface relative to the standard reflected flux.
Reflected fluxThe radiant power reflected by a sample and

evaluated by a specified kind of receiver.
Relative spectral sensitivity Comparison of reflectivity

performance across the sectors of the colour spectrum.
Reference reflected fluxThe radiant power reflected by a magnesium oxide or barium sulphate photometric standard. (R=100%) Restricted distributionSignifies that such system data may be
applied on goods to be processed only in certain environments, defined by the UCC or the appropriate EAN Member Organisation, such as a country, company, industry, etc.
Retail trade itemA trade item intended for sale to the consumer in
a retail outlet. Has previously been referred to as a Consumer unit.
Retail outletAn outlet selling goods directly to the consumer. Retail saleA purchase made by the final consumer in a retail outlet. Returnable AssetA reusable entity owned by a company, used
for transport and storage of goods.
Right justifiedAn item of data is right justified when it occupies

consecutive positions starting from the right hand side of the field. If an EANUCC bar code contains less characters than allowed by the field length, the left-most positions are zero filled.
ScannerAn electronic device that electro-optically converts optical

information into electrical signals.
ScanningReading a bar code by machine. Originally used to mean

laser scanning, but now more generally used to mean any machine reading of codes, including wanding.
Serial shipping container codeSee SSCC
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Glossary
Short scanWhen the scanner reads only part of the bar code. Short version symbolThe bar code representing an EAN/UCC8 number.
Show throughThe reduction of reflectance factor of packaging

materials which occurs when they are wrapped around a dark item.
SKUSee Stock Keeping Unit. Slot scannerSee Flat bed scanner. Source printingApplying a bar code to the packaging either as part
of the artwork of the packaging or at the point of printing.
Source numberingApplying the identification numbers at the

point of packing or manufacture.
SpacesThe light areas between the dark bars in a bar code. Specular reflectionReflection from a highly polished surface, in
which the angle of reflection to normal equals the angle of incidence to normal.
SSCC - The unique identification of a logistic unit using an EAN/UCC18 identification number.
SSCC Serial numbersA number that functions in conjunction

with the extension digit to establish uniqueness within a given EANUCC company prefix.
Start characterDetermines which character set that an

UCC/EAN-128 bar code begins with.
Start patternA unique pattern of dark bars and light spaces that:
indicates the beginning (left hand side) of an EANUCC bar code in
horizontal (picket fence) orientation
provides a reference point for scanning together with the stop pattern, provides a scanning direction indicator.
Stock Keeping UnitSKU. The smallest unit of a particular item

in which transactions may occur, for example, by size, colour, flavour or perfume variant.
Stop characterTerminates an UCC/EAN-128 bar code.
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Glossary
Stop patternA unique pattern of dark bars and light spaces that:
indicates the end (right hand side) of an EANUCC bar code in
horizontal (picket fence) orientation
provides a reference point for scanning together with the start pattern, provides a scanning direction indicator.
SubstrateThe surface of which a bar code is printed. Supplementary informationSee Attribute data. SymbolA combination of symbol characters (including start and stop
patterns, light margin area, data characters, and check digits required by a particular symbology) that forms a complete scannable entity.
Symbol characterA single group of dark bars and light bars

(spaces) that represents a specific character. A symbol character is the smallest subset of a bar code that contains encoded data.
Symbol lengthThe distance between the outside edges of the light

margin areas on the two ends of a bar code.
SymbologyA way of representing human readable characters in

machine readable format. There are different symbologies, each better suited to a different environment using different printing and scanning techniques. Each different symbology has a different way of creating the symbol characters.
Symbology identifierA sequence of characters transmitted with the decoded data that identifies the bar code from which the data has been decoded. ToleranceAllowable deviations from the standard value. Trade itemAny item (product or service) upon which there is a need
to retrieve pre-defined information and that may be priced or ordered or invoiced at any point in any supply chain.
Trade measuresNet measures of Variable Measure Trade Items

as used for invoicing (billing) the trade item.
Trade unitAny stable and standard grouping of several retail trade

items made up to facilitate the operations like handling, storing, order preparation and shipping. See Non-retail trade item.
Trade Unit NumberTUN. See GTIN. TruncationA bar code printed with normal length but reduced
height. Truncated bar codes can have scanning difficulties.
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211
Glossary
TUNHistorical term which was used to describe a non-retail trade item number. See GTIN UCCSee Uniform Code Council. UCC Company PrefixPart of the UCC-12 identification
number consisting of the UCC prefix and a company number allocated by the UCC.
UCC/EAN-128Symbology used to encode the EANUCC

application identifier details.
UCC PrefixA one digit index number administered by the UCC which denotes the format and meaning contained within the UCC-12 identification number. UCC-12 identification numberThe UCC identification
number comprising 12 digits used to identify trade items, coupons and a companys internal applications.
Uniform Code CouncilThe Uniform Code Council (UCC),

based in the United Sates, is a membership organisation that jointly manages the EANUCC System with EAN International. The UCC also administers the EANUCC System in Canada and the United States.
UPC-A bar codeA bar code of the EAN/UPC symbology that encodes UCC-12 identification numbers UPC-E bar codeA bar code symbol of the EAN/UPC symbology
representing a UCC-12 identification number in six explicitly encoded digits using zero suppression techniques.
Variable measure trade itemAn item always produced in

the same pre-defined version (type, design, packaging, etc.) that may be sold at any point in the supply chain, which either may vary in weight/size by its nature or which may be traded without a pre-defined weight/size/ length.
Variable parityThe technique of encoding additional data in a bar

code through choosing particular arrangements of odd parity and even parity representations of the digits in the bar code (or part of the code).
VariationSee Print gain variation. Velocity codeA type of bar code particularly suitable for key entry. Verifier/verification deviceAn instrument designed to
measure the bar widths in a printed bar code.
X-dimensionSingle module or narrow element width.
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Glossary
Zero suppressionA technique in which zeros in specified positions in an item identification number are removed when the number is represented by a bar code.
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Reference
List of figures
Number Title
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
Page
Common elements of the EANUCC system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 EAN/UCC-13 number represented by an EAN-13 bar code. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 EAN/UCC-8 number represented by an EAN-8 bar code. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 EAN/UCC-13 digit number without check digit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 EAN/UCC-13 digit number with check digit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 EAN/UCC-13 number with a filler zero (UCC/EAN-128 bar code) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 EAN/UCC-13 number with a filler zero (ITF-14 bar code) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 EAN/UCC-14 number with an indicator (logistical variant) (UCC/EAN-128 bar code) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 EAN/UCC-14 number with an indicator (logistical variant) (ITF-14 bar code) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 EAN/UCC-14 digit number without check digit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 EAN/UCC-14 digit number with check digit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 UCC/EAN-128 bar code for variable measure non-retail item . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Nominal size (100%) EAN-13 bar code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Nominal size (100%) EAN-8 bar code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Nominal size (100%) UCC/EAN-128 bar code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Nominal Size (100%) ITF-14 bar code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 UCC/EAN-128 bar code at 50% magnification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Colour Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Scan Reflectance Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 Example of Bar Code Location on Cans and Cylinders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Curved trade item bar code location. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Minimum angles for a curved bar code. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 Example of Bar Code Location on Bottles and Jars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 Example of Bar Code Location on Blister Pack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 Example of Bar Code Location on Cartons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 Example of Bar Code Location on Carded trade items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 Example of Bar Code Location on Egg Cartons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 Example of Bar Code Location on Jugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56 Example of Bar Code Location on Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56 Example of Bar Code Location on Multipacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 Example of Bar Code Location on Over-Wrapped trade item . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 Example of Bar Code Location on Random-Wrapped trade item. . . . . . . . . . .59 Example of Bar Code Location on Shrink Film/Vacuum-Formed trade item . .59 Bar code location on books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 Example of Bar Code Location on Large, Heavy, or Bulky Bags . . . . . . . . . .62 Example of Bar Code Location on Bags. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 Bar code location on cartons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 Location of attribute data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 SSCC formed from 7 digit EANUCC company prefix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117 SSCC formed from 9 digit EANUCC company prefix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118 SSCC (18 digit) number without check digit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119 SSCC (18 digit) number with check digit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119 Information flow through a supply chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123 Location of the EANUCC logistics label on a carton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131 Location of the EANUCC logistics label on a carton or unit already marked with an EANUCC bar code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131 Location of the EANUCC logistics label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132 Example of the basic EANUCC logistics label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132 Example of an EANUCC logistics label supplier section with concatenated data in the top bar code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133
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Reference
Number Title
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82
Page
Example of an EANUCC logistics label with supplier and carrier sections . .134 Example of an EANUCC logistics label with supplier, customer and carrier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135 ISBN number represented by an EAN-13 bar code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138 ISSN represented by an EAN-13 bar code. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140 EAN/UCC-13 restricted distribution number represented by an EAN-13 bar code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146 Standard variable measure trade item number represented by an EAN-13 bar code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153 EAN-8 restricted distribution number represented by an EAN-8 bar code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154 Velocity number represented by an EAN-8 bar code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155 UCC-12 number represented by a UPC-A bar code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158 UCC-12 number without check digit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160 UCC-12 number with check digit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160 UPC-E bar code format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162 UPC-E bar code dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166 RSS-14 Bar Code Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176 RSS-14 Truncated Bar Code Symbol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176 RSS-14 Stacked Bar Code Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177 RSS-14 Stacked Omnidirectional Bar Code Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177 RSS Limited Bar Code Symbol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177 RSS Expanded Bar Code Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178 RSS Expanded Stacked Bar Code Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179 The Human Readable Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179 RSS Limited Composite Symbol with CC-A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184 UCC/EAN-128 Composite Symbol with CC-C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185 Permissible Combinations of Linear & 2D Composite Components. . . . . . . .185 The Human Readable Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187 Sample EANUCC Composite Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189 UPC-A Symbol with a Four-Column CC-B Component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189 EAN-8 Symbol with a Three-Column CC-A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190 UPC-E Symbol with a Two-Column CC-A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190 RSS-14 Symbol with a Four-Column CC-A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190 RSS-14 Stacked Symbol with a Two-Column CC-A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190 RSS Limited Symbol with a Three-Column CC-B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190 RSS Expanded Symbol with a Four-Column CC-A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191 UCC/EAN-128 Symbol with a Four-Column CC-A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191
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Reference
List of tables
Number Title
1
Page
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 21 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
EANUCC Numbering Structures (where T represents the position of each individual digit in a computer file format and 0 represents a filler digit). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 EAN/UCC-13 number in computer field (where T represents the position of each individual digit in a computer file format and 0 represents a filler digit). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 EAN/UCC-8 number in computer field (where T represents the position of each individual digit in a computer file format and 0 represents a filler digit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Example of variable measure non-retail items traded in bulk . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Example of variable measure non-retail item traded by piece . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Example of variable portioned trade item . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Example of variable measure non-retail item with selectable dimensions . . . .22 Example of variable standard number of items non-retail unit . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Bar code Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Dimensions of EAN bar codes at various X-dimensions (magnification factors) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Light Margins & Height for EAN-13 & EAN-8 bar codes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Dimensions of ITF-14 bar codes for General Distribution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 UCC/EAN-128 bar code dimensions for numeric data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Minimum ISO Grades For All Symbologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 ANSI To ISO Grade Conversion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 Magnification factors for different curve diameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 List of EANUCC Application Identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76 Data titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128 Restricted distribution number formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147 Weighting factors for four digit price positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147 Weighting factors for five digit price positions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149 Weighted products for a four digit price check digit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149 Weighted products for a five digit price check digit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151 Coding system for UPC-E number sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163 Human readable digits represented as light modules (0) and dark modules (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164 Placement of zeros when decoding UCC-12 zero suppressed numbers . . . .165 Total modules in a UPC-E bar code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167 UCC-12 number structure for in-house use for retailers in Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168 Prefix digits assigned by EAN International . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194
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EAN Australia User Manual

EANUCC Numbering and Bar Coding

Applying bar codes onto packaging

EAN Australia User Manual - EANUCC Numbering and Bar Coding

Bar code location

Global location numbers (GLNs)

EAN Australia User Manual - EANUCC Numbering and Bar Coding

GLN and EDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72 When to change a GLN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

EANUCC Application Identifiers

The EANUCC logistics label

Global trade item numbers for books and periodicals.

Restricted Distribution Global Trade Item Numbers

Applying UPC bar codes

157 158 159 159 160 161 161 162

RSS & Composite Bar Codes

EAN Australia User Manual - EANUCC Numbering and Bar Coding

EAN Australia User Manual - EANUCC Numbering and Bar Coding

companies requiring to know how to number and apply bar codes to

retailers requiring information about the various EANUCC numbering

UCC numbering and bar coding

EAN Australia User Manual - EANUCC Numbering and Bar Coding

UCC & EANUCC compatibility

EAN Australia User Manual - EANUCC Numbering and Bar Coding

EAN Australia User Manual - EANUCC Numbering and Bar Coding

AUTOMATIC DATA CAPTURE (ADC)

ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS (EDI)

Figure 1 Common elements of the EANUCC system

Areas of application within the EANUCC system

EAN Australia User Manual - EANUCC Numbering and Bar Coding

GTIN within a 14 digit computer field

EAN Australia User Manual - EANUCC Numbering and Bar Coding

EAN Australia User Manual - EANUCC Numbering and Bar Coding

EAN/UCC-13 identification numbers

14 digit Global Trade Item Number (GTIN)

EAN Australia User Manual - EANUCC Numbering and Bar Coding

EANUCC company prefix

Method Prior to May 1996

EANUCC company prefix

Figure 2 EAN/UCC-13 number represented by an EAN-13 bar code

Acquisitions and mergers

EAN Australia User Manual - EANUCC Numbering and Bar Coding

EAN Australia User Manual - EANUCC Numbering and Bar Coding

Items requiring separate numbers

promotional variant of an item, where a price difference is specified on

new modification to the item, where the change makes it necessary to

same product packaged in a different language. Each language is

EAN Australia User Manual - EANUCC Numbering and Bar Coding

A separate number is not necessary solely because of a price change,

Minor trade item changes do not require the allocation of a different

EAN Australia User Manual - EANUCC Numbering and Bar Coding

EAN/UCC-8 identification numbers

After discontinuing a product carrying an EAN/UCC-8 identification

EAN Australia User Manual - EANUCC Numbering and Bar Coding

14 digit Global Trade Item Number (GTIN)

EAN Australia allocates Apply for a company/

Calculate the check

Figure 3 EAN/UCC-8 number represented by an EAN-8 bar code

EAN Australia User Manual - EANUCC Numbering and Bar Coding

Calculating the EAN/UCC-13 check digit

Check digit position

Figure 4 EAN/UCC-13 digit number without check digit

Perform the following calculation using the EAN/UCC-13

If the result of step 3 is an exact multiple of 10, then the check

Figure 5 EAN/UCC-13 digit number with check digit