TRIGNOMETRY

1. The shortest side is always opposite the smallest interior angle 2. The longest side is always opposite the largest interior angle 3. Notice that the interior angles always add to 180 4. An exterior (or external) angle is the angle between one side of a triangle and the

extension of an adjacent side.

An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the opposite interior angles.

Types of Triangle
There are seven types of triangle, listed below. Note that a given triangle can be more than one type at the same time. For example, a scalene triangle (no sides the same length) can have one interior angle 90, making it also a right triangle. This would be called a "right scalene triangle".

Isosceles

Two sides equal See Isosceles triangle definition

Equilateral

All sides equal See Equilateral triangle definition

Scalene

No sides equal See Scalene triangle definition

Right Triangle

One angle 90. See Right triangle definition

Obtuse

One angle greater than 90 See Obtuse triangle definition

Acute

All angles less than 90 See Acute triangle definition

Equiangular

All interior angles equal See Equiangular triangle definition

Sine (sin) function - Trigonometry

In a right triangle, the sine of an angle is the length of the opposite side divided by the length of the hypotenuse.

Eg.

Qn1. Find the sine of R

.
Sin R = ?
The cosine of an angle is the ratio of the adjacent side and hypotenuse side.

Qn2. Calculate the value of cos in the following triangle.

Cos =?

Tangent Function The tangent of an angle is the ratio of the opposite side and adjacent side.

Qn3. Calculate the value of tan in the following triangle.

TRIGNOMETRY THEOREMS
Law of Sines
In any triangle, the ratio of a side length to the sine of its opposite angle is the same for all three sides. As a formula:

Case1:If we know the size of two of the angles in a triangle and the length of the side opposite
one of them, then we can use the Sine Rule to determine the lengths of the other two sides. Eg 1: e.g., if angle A = 30o, angle B = 45o, and side a = 16, then: Using:

gives:

Example 2
Case2:If we know the lengths of two of the sizes of a triangle and the size of the angle opposite one of them, then we can use the sine rule to determine the size of the angle opposite the other side. For instance, if side a angle A Using:

= 25, side b = 15 and

= 40

then:

gives:

So, B

= 22.7

or 157.3o

These are the only two possible values of B because angles of a triangle must lie between 0o and 180o. In addition, the sum of the angles A and B must be less than 180o, so here 157.3o is not valid, and there is a unique answer: B = 22.7o

The Cosine Rule

a2 = b2 + c2 - 2bc cos A

or

Note that in the Cosine Rule the three sides can be interchanged:

b = c + a - 2ca cos B
2 2 2

and

c = a + b - 2ab cos C
2 2 2

Case1:If we know one angle and the lengths of the two adjacent sides, we can use the Cosine Rule to determine the length of the opposite side. e.g., if angle C

= 60
2 2

and a

= 5 and b = 8

= a + b - 2ab cosC = 5 + 8 - 2 5 8 cos 60 = 25 + 64 - 80 1/2 = 49

2 2

So c

=7

Case2:If we know the length of all three sides of a triangle, then we can use the Cosine Rule to find the size of any angle in the triangle. e.g., if the three sides are a

= 5, b = 6 and c = 7

So C

= 78.5

For right triangles

In the case of a right triangle, the hypotenuse is a diameter of the circumcircle, and its center is exactly at the midpoint of the hypotenuse. This is the same situation as Thales Theorem, where the diameter subtends a right angle to any point on a circle's circumference. If you drag the triangle in the figure above you can create this same situation.