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8.2 Photosynthesis: An Overview


Lesson Objectives
Explain the role of light and pigments in photosynthesis. Explain the role of electron carrier molecules in photosynthesis. State the overall equation for photosynthesis.

Lesson Summary
Chlorophyll and Chloroplasts In eukaryotes, photosynthesis occurs in organelles called
chloroplasts. Chloroplasts house light-absorbing chemicals. 1 ight is a form of energy. Sunlight is a mixture of all the different colors of visible light. 2 ight-absorbing molecules called pigments capture the sun!s energy. 3 Chlorophyll is the principal pigment in photosynthetic organisms. Chlorophyll absorbs blue-violet and red light but reflects green light. 1 Chloroplasts have a complex internal structure that includes" thylakoids" saclike photosynthetic membranes that contain chlorophyll and other pigments and are arranged in stacks called grana. stroma: the fluid portion outside of the thylakoids.

High-Energy Electrons #he energy in light raises some of the electrons in chlorophyll to higher
energy levels. #hese high-energy electrons are used in photosynthesis. 1 Electron carriers are used to transport the electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules during photosynthesis. 0 NADP+ is a compound that can accept and hold $ high-energy electrons and % hydrogen ion. #his process converts &'()* into &'()+.

An Overview of Photosynthesis ,sually summari-ed by a simple chemical reaction,


photosynthesis is a complex process that involves t.o interdependent sets of reactions. 2 #he light-dependent reactions require light, light-absorbing pigments, and .ater to form &'()+, '#), and oxygen. 3 #he light-independent reactions do not use light energy. #hey use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, &'()+, and '#) to make energy-rich carbon compounds.

Chlorophyll and Chloroplasts


For Questions 16, complete each statement by writing the correct word or words.

1. #he

of light determines its color. . green light.

2. Chemicals that absorb light are called 3. Chlorophyll makes plants look green because it

4. Chloroplasts contain an abundance of saclike photosynthetic membranes called


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. #he

is the fluid portion of the chloroplast located outside the thylakoids. the energy level of the

!. #he visible light absorbed by chlorophyll chlorophyll!s electrons.

!H"#$ %"&'A(()
". abel the internal parts of the chloroplast belo..

High-Energy Electrons
For Questions 89, refer to the Visual nalogy comparing electron carriers to o!en mitts.

%"&'A( A#A(O*
#. In the

visual analogy of carrying electrons, .hat represents the high- energy electrons/

$. 0rite another analogy that describes the process

of electron carriers.

1%. 0here do the high-energy electrons carried by &'()+ come from/

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An Overview of Photosynthesis
For Questions 111", write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left.

11. 0hat are the reactants of the photosynthesis reaction/ A. chlorophyll and light C. carbohydrates and oxygen &. carbon dioxide and .ater D. high-energy electrons and air 12. 0hat are the products of the light-dependent reactions/ A. chloroplasts and light C. oxygen and '#) &. proteins and lipids D. .ater and sugars 13. 0here do the light-independent reactions occur/ A. stroma C. chlorophyll &. thylakoids D. mitochondria 14. Complete the illustration by .riting the reactants and products of the lightdependent and light-

independent reactions. 'lso, fill in the energy source that excites the electrons.

Apply the ,ig idea

1 . Solar po.er uses cells or panels to absorb the sun!s energy. #hat energy is then used to create electricity. +o. does this compare to the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis/

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