TD (First law of thermodynamics)

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7. Consider a system under su! onditions t!at t!ere is no e"!an#e o$ !eat or %or& %it! t!e
surroundin#s. 'u((ose t!ere is some s(ontaneous reation inside t!e system. )!at an %e say about t!e
!an#e o$ t!e internal ener#y*
8. Consider a system at T1,P1,V1, which is composed of one mole of a ideal classical gas for which PV =
RT and U = A + T! "et the system change in fo#r steps! The first step is a $ery slow compression to P%, V%
at a constant temperat#re of T1! The second step is a $ery &#ic' compression to T(,P(,V(! The third step is
a $ery slow e)pansion to P*, V* at a constant temperat#re of T(! The fo#rth step is a $ery &#ic' e)pansion
+ac' to T1,P1,V1! The second and fo#rth steps are so &#ic' that there is no heat e)change! Calc#late the
relations +etween the total wor' done +y the system, the a+sor+ed heat of the first step and the heat of the
third step, e)pressing the res#lt in terms of T1 and T(!
9! ,ne mole of a fl#id is heated from T
1 to T%
#nder constant $ol#me! -how how one can calc#late the wor'
done +y the s#rro#ndings and the heat a+sor+ed from the s#rro#ndings! .hat state f#nction of the fl#id do
we need to 'now/
10. +or t!e reation,
'
-
(s) . - /
2
(#) - '/
2
(#) 01 = 2234- &5
a) 1o% mu! !eat is e6ol6ed %!en 25.0 moles o$ sul$ur is burned in e"ess o"y#en*
b) 1o% mu! !eat is e6ol6ed %!en 275 #rams o$ sul$ur is burned in e"ess o"y#en*
) 1o% mu! !eat is e6ol6ed %!en 150.0 #rams o$ sul$ur dio"ide is (rodued*