LAB REPORT FOR EXPERIMENT 6

Christine Audi-260502291 Anth n! " -260501#$0 %ATA AN% CALC&LATION' Flavor of Powdered drink Mix Orange Flavored Kool-aid Mass of sample (g) 22.815g

%(t( t()*e + r the titr(ti n + t t(* (,id in ( 10-00.L s(./*e + / 0dered drin1 s *uti n
Trial Volume of solution of powdered drink (mL) 10.00 10.00 10.00 Volume NaOH 0.10M added (mL) Quantity of NaOH added (mol) Average NaOH added

1 2 3

7.30 7.50 7.10

7.30*10^-4 7.50*10^-4 7.10*10^-4 7.30*10^-4

Calculations that were needed to calculate the values for the first trial of this experiment: Quantity of NaOH added : n(NaOH)=Concentration(NaOH)*V(NaOH added)=0.10M*7.30*10^-3L= 7.30*10^-4 mol. Average NaOH added: (7.30*10^-4mol + 7.50*10^-4mol + 7.10*10^-4 mol)/3= 7.30*10^-4 mol.

Data table for titration of the Ascorbic acid in a 50.00mL sample of the powdered drink solution
Trial Volume of solution of powder ed drink (mL) 50.00 50.00 50.00 Volume KIO3 0.00100M added (mL) Quantity of KIO3 added (mol) Quantity of ascorbic acid in the sample solution (mol) Average of ascorbic acid

1 2 3

25.10 25.70 25.90

2.510*10^-5 2.570*10^-5 2.590*10^-5

7.530*10^-5 7.710*10^-5 7.770*10^-5 7.67*10^-5

Calculations that were needed to calculate the values for the first trial of this experiment: Quantity of KIO3 added:
n(KIO3)=Concentration(KIO3)*V(KIO3 added)=0.001000M*25.10*10^-3L= 2.510*10^-5mol.

Quantity of ascorbic acid in the solution (50.00mL): These are the reaction equations that take place during the titration of ascorbic acid with KIO3: IO2- 3 5I- 3 6" 2I2 3 2"2O Re(,ti n 2 C$"#O63 I2 C6"6O64(s, r)i, (,id5 3 2"3 3 2II2 3 I- I2I2- 3 st(r,h st(r,h 6 I2- , ./*e7 4)*ue5 Re(,ti n $ Re(,ti n 5 Re(,ti n 6

From these reaction equations 3 and 4, we can see that one mole of KIO3 will lead to 3 moles of ascorbic acid reacting (with the 3 moles of I 2 produced from the KIO3) meaning that: n(ascorbic acid)=n(KIO3)*[(3 mols I2)/(1 mol KIO3)]*[(1 mol C6"6O6)/(1 mol I2)]=7.530*10^-5mol. Average Ascorbic acid: (7.53*10^-5mol + 7.71*10^-5mol + 7.77*10^-5 mol)/3= 7.67*10^-5 mol. Determination of amount of citric acid in the 250mL solution of powdered mix drink:

We found that the average number of moles of ascorbic acid in a 50.00 mol solution of the powdered mix drink is 7.67*10^-5mol. n(ascorbic acid in 10.00mL)=n(avg ascorbic acid in 50.00mL)/5=7.67*10^-5mol /5 = 1.53*10^-5mol We want to calculate the number of moles of NaOH neutralized by citric acid in 10.00mL: n(NaOH neutralized by citric acid in 10.00mL)=(avg mol of NaOH)-(mol ascorbic acid in 10.00mL)= 7.30*10^-4mol - 1.53*10^-5mol=7.147*10^-4 mol We want to calculate the number of moles of citric acid in 250mL: Reaction equation of the reaction of citric acid and NaOH: C2"5O4COO"52 4,itri, (,id532 N(O" C2"5O4COO52N(2 3 2"20 4re(,ti n 25 From the reaction equation, we can see that: n(citric acid in 250mL)=[Moles of NaOH neutralized]*[1mol of citric acid/3 mol of NaOH]*25= 7.147*10^-4mol*25/3= 5.96*10^-3mol. We want to find the number of grams of citric acid in our 250mL sample of solution: m(citric acid)= [mol of citric acid in 250mL]*210.14g/mol= 2.88*10^-3*210.14= 1.25g We want to find the percentage by mass of citric acid in the sample: Percentage by mass of citric acid in sample =[grams citric acid/mass of sample]*100= 1.25g/22.815g=5.49% Determination of the amount of ascorbic acid in the powdered mix drink: We want to know the quantity of ascorbic acid in 250.00mL: n(ascorbic acid in 10.00mL)=n(avg ascorbic acid in 50.00mL)*5=7.67*10^-5mol *5 = 3.84*10^-4mol grams of ascorbic acid=[avg mol ascorbic acid]*176.14g= 3.84^-4mol *176.14g=0.0676g percentage of ascorbic acid in the sample=[grams of ascorbic acid/mass of sample]*100%=0.0676g/22.815g=0.30%

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION:

In general, we did not encounter any major problems with this experiment. During the lab portion of this experiment, very few problems were encountered. We were able to finish the procedure in the allotted time. One issue was that the equivalence point was easier to determine when titrating the total acid than when titrating the ascorbic acid. This was due to the fact that the color change at the equivalence point during the titration of the ascorbic acid with KIO3 wasnt as clear as the one at the equivalence of point of the titration of the total acid with NaOH (slighter color change). This is probably due to the strong color of the powdered drink mix. There was a slight problem in regards to the amount of the indicator (thymol blue) to add in the titration with NaOH but after a first try, we were able to determine the amount needed and subsequently we were able to do the 3 trials properly. However everything was still determined with ease. If we were ever to redo the experiment, we would research the concentration and amount of the indicator solution needed more intently. In addition, during the calculations, we realized that our percentages by mass of citric acid and ascorbic acid were different from the ones given in the lab journal. The values we found were both much smaller than the theoretical ones. This might be due to a difference of Kool-aid brand. However, it might also be due to experiment errors. A more plausible explanation could be the fact that out package sample was around 22g compared to the 4g in the lab journal. Both samples were diluted in 250mL of distilled water. In our case, we could have tried to dilute way too much of the powdered drink, saturating our solution and not letting everything dissolve. This would consequently lower the value of the amount of citric acid and ascorbic acid that we calculated therefore lowering the gram percentages. In the future, we would use a much smaller sample of the powdered drink mix and possibly use more water to dilute it. This would lead to better and more representative results. For the rest of the experiment, everything went smoothly. We found that there is more citric acid in the powdered sample of Kool-aid which was the expected and wanted result. With this experiment, we learned that powdered drink mixes contain both citric and ascorbic acid (therefore has vitamin C). We learned that Kool-aid contains more citric acid (used for flavoring) than ascorbic acid (vitamin C). We also learned that citric acid is a polyprotic acid (triprotic) from the reaction equations. Ascorbic acid is also a polyprotic acid (as we see in the reaction with I2) but it acts as a monoprotic acid when reacting with NaOH (unlike citric acid). These would contribute to the acidic taste of the drinks. We also see that citric acid is therefore a stronger acid than ascorbic acid. This experiment greatly relates to the general Chem 120 course, especially in regards to chapters 16 and 17 (Acid Base Chemistry) as we can see in the previous paragraph. Both titrations use acid-base theory with an indicator that changes color with variations in pH. Another point that we can notice, is in the titration with NaOH, two salts were formed: C6H8O6Na (from ascorbic acid) and C2"5O4COO52N(2 (from citric acid). This experiment helped us relate the concepts given in chapters 16 and 17 to real life by showing us an application with a common drink. This helped us enhance our knowledge and further understand the concepts from Acid-Base chemistry.
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