Shell Ecomarathon Rules

Shell Eco-marathon
Official Rules 2012

CHAPTER I

FOREWORD
Dear Shell Eco-marathon Competitors, Friends and Enthusiasts

The2011seasonsawtheresoundingsuccessofournewemobilitycategory,inparticular
the BatteryElectricclass (previously called PlugIn Battery class). I was impressed by the
immediate high level of interest in this technology by our competitors and the results
achieved. In line with our long standing tradition of keeping the Shell Ecomarathon
competition challenging and relevant to current automotive and energy trends we will
keepbuildingonthissuccessintheyearstocome.
For example, from 2013 the Official Rules will encourage the integration of a PV
(photovoltaic) element in the body of Battery Electric vehicles. This will not only allow
competitorstoincreasetheirenergyefficiencybyutilisingsolarenergybutitwillalsomake
theentirecompetitionweatherindependentandallowforafaircomparisonofallBattery
Electricvehiclesbasedontheiroverallvehiclesefficiency.
As we realise that changes like this take time to implement and may impactmany teams
technology strategy, we will continue with two separate energy classes in 2012 (Battery
Electric and Solar) before moving to the aforementioned combined SolarBattery Electric
classin2013.
Based on the positive experience from the move of the Shell Ecomarathon Americas to
Downtown Houston, Texas, we will also continued the Urbanisation of the Shell Eco
marathon with the move of the European event to the city streets of Rotterdam,
Netherlands. This offers a new and exciting challenge to all teams, as individual driving
skillsandstrategywillbecomemoresignificant,reflectinganotheroneoftodaysmobility
challenges.
I strongly encourage all our competitors to read these Official Rules thoroughly and
completely,especiallythisyear,aswehavecompletelyreviewedthestructureoftheRules
inordertoincreaseclarityandavoidduplication.Althougheveryefforthasbeenmadeto
highlight significant changes to last years Rules in Blue, too many regulations are simply
overlooked,causingdisappointmentduringtheevents.
IwishyouasafeandsuccessfulShellEcomarathonseason2012.

Norman Koch
Shell Eco-marathon Official Rules 2012 Chapter I
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GlobalTechnicalManager
TABLEOFCONTENTS
1ORGANISATION............................................................................................................5
Article1: Acceptance......................................................................................................5
Article2: Entries..............................................................................................................5
Article3: TrackAccessConditions..................................................................................5
Article4: Identification...................................................................................................6
Article5: Compliance......................................................................................................6
Article6: Protests............................................................................................................7
Article7: Disputes...........................................................................................................7
Article8: Penalties..........................................................................................................7
2SAFETY.........................................................................................................................8
Article9: SafetyRules.....................................................................................................8
DrivingRules....................................................................................................................8
Article10: DrivingKnowledgeandTest........................................................................8
Article11: DrivingundertheInfluenceofAlcohol/IllegalSubstances.......................8
Article12: Briefing........................................................................................................9
Article13: AccesstotheTrackandTestLap................................................................9
Article14: PushingtheVehicle.....................................................................................9
Article15: CompetitionDirection.................................................................................9
Article16: RadioCommunication.................................................................................9
Article17: Overtaking...................................................................................................9
Article18: BreakdownsandOtherIncidents..............................................................10
Article19: Offtrackvehiclemovements....................................................................10
Driver&Equipment........................................................................................................10
Article20: DriverWeight............................................................................................10
Article21: Helmets......................................................................................................11
Article22: DriverClothing...........................................................................................11
Article23: DriverComfort...........................................................................................11
TeamSafetyEquipment..................................................................................................11
Article24: EquipmentandMaterials..........................................................................11
Attention........................................................................................................................12
3VEHICLEDESIGN..........................................................................................................13
3AGeneral....................................................................................................................13
Article25: VehicleDesign...........................................................................................13
Article26: Chassis/MonocoqueSolidity...................................................................13
Article27: PropulsionandEnergyStorageSystemIsolation......................................14
Article28: Visibility.....................................................................................................14
Article29: SafetyBelts................................................................................................15
Article30: VehicleAccess...........................................................................................15
Article31: Horn...........................................................................................................15
Article32: OnboardFireExtinguisher........................................................................16
Article33: DriverPosition...........................................................................................16
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Article34: ClutchandTransmission............................................................................16
Article35: ExhaustSystem..........................................................................................16
Article36: SoundLevel................................................................................................17
Article37: EmergencyShutdown..............................................................................17
Article38: AdditionalInspections...............................................................................17
3BPrototypeGroup......................................................................................................17
Article39: Dimensions................................................................................................17
Article40: CockpitVentilation..................................................................................18
Article41: Wheels,AxlesandWheelHubs.................................................................18
Article42: TurningRadiusandSteering......................................................................18
Article43: Braking.......................................................................................................18
3CUrbanConceptGroup................................................................................................19
Article44: Definition...................................................................................................19
Article45: Dimensions................................................................................................19
Article46: VehicleBody..............................................................................................19
Article47: TurningRadiusandSteering......................................................................20
Article48: Wheels.......................................................................................................20
Article49: Tyres..........................................................................................................21
Article50: Lighting......................................................................................................21
Article51: Braking.......................................................................................................21
Article52: WetWeatherRunning...............................................................................21
4ENERGYSOURCES........................................................................................................23
4AGeneral....................................................................................................................23
Article53: EnergyTypes..............................................................................................23
Article54: ResultsCalculations...................................................................................23
Article55: FuelsSupply&Handling............................................................................24
Article56: EngineLubricants......................................................................................25
Article57: VehicleElectricalSystems.........................................................................25
Article58: TechnicalDocumentation.........................................................................26
4BInternalCombustionEngines....................................................................................27
Article59: Propulsion..................................................................................................27
Article60: Otheronboardenergysources................................................................28
Article61: FuelTanks(withtheexceptionofHydrogen)...........................................28
Article62: FuelSystem................................................................................................29
Article63: Vehiclesusinghybridtechnology..............................................................30
Article64: Starter........................................................................................................30
4CElectricPropulsion....................................................................................................31
Article65: FuelCellPoweredVehicles........................................................................31
Article66: SolarPoweredVehicles.............................................................................34
Article67: BatteryElectricVehicles............................................................................35
AttentionRuleChangesin2013and2014....................................................................36
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1 1- - O OR RG GA AN NI I S SA AT TI I O ON N

Article1 Article1: Acceptance : Acceptance
a) The entry forms must be sent completed, with all necessary documents, to the
Organisers who will accept Teams based on the quality of the proposed entry
packet.AlldecisionsbytheOrganisersregardingtheacceptanceofTeamsarefinal.
b) By fact of their entry, participants accept all the provisions of the present Official
Rules and agree to abide by all decisions made by the Shell Ecomarathon
Organisers.TheOrganisersreservetherighttomodify,deleteoraddanyarticleof
the present Official Rules. In such an event, the Teams will be notified. The
Organisers are solely empowered to pronounce on cases not provided for in the
presentOfficialRules.
c) TheOrganisersreservetherighttomodify,delayorevencancelthecompetitionin
theeventofunforeseencircumstances,notablyrain,highwindsorexcessiveheat.
Noclaimsforcompensationwillbeaccepted.
d) By entering the Shell Ecomarathon, all participants recognise the right of the
Organisers,Shell,andmoregenerallythecompaniesoftheShellGrouptousetheir
es cityorotherpromotionalmaterial. imag forpubli
Article2: Entries Article2: Entries
a) Foreachentry,aTeamManager,aDriverandaReserveDrivermustbedesignated.
b) The Team Manager can only be responsible for one vehicle. He/she may also be a
Driverforthatvehicle,butonlyforthatvehicle.
c) The Team Manager is the Team's sole official liaison with the Organisers. All
information will be addressed to him/her. For the purposes of the project, he/she
will be responsible for the Team, must speak on behalf of the Team and must be
abletounderstandandspeakEnglish.
d) The eligibility criteria for Drivers are detailed in the relevant section of Chapter II.
The Driver for one vehicle cannot be the Driver or Reserve Driver for another
vehicle.
e) A Reserve Driver may be assigned to two vehicles. However, once he/she has
driven one of those vehicles (during practice or in competition), he/she may no
longerdrivetheothervehicle.
f) Each interested Team must apply to compete in the regional Shell Ecomarathon
eventclosesttotheirhomecountry.TheattendanceatanotherShellEcomarathon
event outside its home region is subject to decision of the relevant regional
nis orga ingcommittee.
Article3: TrackAccessConditions Article3: TrackAccessConditions
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During both the practice runs and the competition, all vehicles must comply with the
technicalandsafetyrulesoftheevent.Wheneverthetrackisentered,thevehiclebody
must be in place and bear all the competition numbers, partner streamers and Shell
logos required by the Official Rules. Organisers will supply these numbers and logos
try uponen confirmation.
Article4: Identification Article4: Identification
a) Logos, official partner streamers and racing numbers must be fixed to the vehicle
body in accordance with the diagram provided (see Chapter II) such that they can
be clearly read during any public presentation, in promotional films and on all
photographsforteamuse,schooluse,pressorpromotionalmaterial.
b) Under no circumstances may the Shell logos, the partner streamers or racing
numbers be modified, either on the vehicle or on any other documentation. It is
prohibited to cut the stickers supplied by the Organisers. Their dimensions are as
follow:
i) Foreachsideandforthefrontofthevehicle:aShelllogo,20x20cm.
ii) Foreachsideandforthefrontofthevehicle:racingnumbers(stickers),witha
differentcolourforeachenergyclass,20x26cm.
iii) Foreachside,onthelowerpartofthebody:apartnerstreamer,90x6cm.
c) Amandatory10cmspacemustbeleftfreeonallfoursidesoftheShelllogo
d) Anyothersponsornames/logosmustbesmallerthantheShelllogo.Thesponsor
stickersmustfitwithinasurfaceof400cm
(emptyspaceincluded)
e) Intheeventofabreachofthisrule,theOrganisersreservetherighttoremoveany
sponsorlogos.
f) Furthermore, the trademarks or logos of other energy companies, direct
competitors of event partners, tobacco companies and alcoholic drinks producers
areprohibited.
g) Allv cle ehi ttotheOrganisersapprovalconcerningtheseprovisions. saresubjec
Article5: Compliance Article5: Compliance
a) Only those vehicles that comply with the present Official Rules are allowed to
participate.Novehiclewillbeallowedonthetrackforpracticeorcompetitionuntil
the Organisers have approved it. The decisions of the Organisers are final in all
matters concerning the compliance of vehicle design and construction with the
presentOfficialRules.
b) TheOrganisersreservetherighttorescindvehicleapprovaluponfurtherormore
detailed checks. The Organisers must be notified of any modifications to the
vehicle after inspection. Noncompliance with this rule will lead to vehicle
disqualification.
6
c) Vehicles complying with all safety rules but not with some of the other technical
ruleswillnotqualifyforthecompetition,howevermaybeallowedonthetrackfor
practiceordemonstration.
Article6 Article6: Protests : Protests
The Team Manager is the only person authorised to lodge protests. Protests must be
brought to the attention of the Technical Manager via the results desk. Depending on
thenatureprotestsmustbelodgedwithinthefollowingtimes:
a) Vehicles:beforetrackclosureonthecurrentday
b) TeamandDriverbehaviour:within30minutesfollowingtheendoftheattempt.
c) Resu :wi lts ouraftertheresultofanattempthasbeenposted. thin1h
Article7: Disputes Article7: Disputes
In the event of any disputes, all decisions made by the Race Director are binding and
final.
Art Article8: Penalties icle8: Penalties
a) Noncompliancewiththedrivingruleswillresultinaformalwarning,invalidationof
thebestoverallattemptordisqualificationoftheTeam,dependingontheseverity
ofthebreach.
b) The Organisers will exclude, disqualify or otherwise penalise any competitor who,
inthejudgementoftheRaceDirector,hasgainedanunfairadvantageasaresultof
anybreachoftheseOfficialRules,hindranceofotherparticipants,departurefrom
thenormalcourse,oranyactoromissioncapableofmisrepresentingperformance,
especiallywithregardtofuelconsumptionormethodofpropulsion.
c) During the competition, the Driver or the Team Manager must report to the
Organisers any movement made or attempted by means other than the vehicles
ownmotivepower.Insuchanevent,theattemptinquestionwillnotbetakeninto
account. If this type of incident is not reported, all the Teams attempts will be
invalidated.
7
d) TheOrganiserswillapplythefollowingpenalties:
1
st
infraction: Formalwarning
2
nd
infraction: Bestoverallattemptinvalidatedattheendofthecompetition
3
rd
infraction: ImmediateTeamdisqualification.

2 2- - S SA AF FE ET TY Y
Article9 Article9: SafetyRules : SafetyRules
a) As with any Motorsport activity there should be an understanding that certain
inherent risks will be present. Recognising and controlling these risks are vital for
thewellbeingofpeopleandlocalsurroundings.Safetyisanessentialconsideration
fortheeventOrganisers.TheseRulesaretoprotectallindividualsandsurrounding
areas and are in no way intended to curtail the spirit of the competition. Any
activity deemed unsafe or outside of the spirit of the event will be met with
appropriateactionbytheeventOrganisers.
b) Therefore, compliance with safe driving and sporting rules, as well as any
instructionsgivenbyTrackMarshalsismandatoryforeveryone.AllTeammembers
must comply with the safety measures and must notify Organisers about any
anomalies or incidents. In the event that dangerous conditions are present leave
the area immediately. During the event the Pit areas will be monitored by the
OrganiserstoassistTeamstocomplywithsafepractices.
c) The Race Director is responsible for and has the final authority in determining the
safeconditionsfortrackoperationsinregardstoweather.
d) NoncompliancewithanyoftheOfficialRulesmayleadtodisqualificationfromthe
competitionatthesoleandabsolutediscretionoftheOrganisers.
D le riving Ru s
Ar Article10: DrivingKnowledgeandTest ticle10: DrivingKnowledgeandTest
a) Only the registered Driver and the Reserve Driver will be authorised to drive the
vehicle.
b) Duringvehicleinspection,Driversmaybequestionedtotesttheirknowledgeofthe
drivingregulations.TheOrganisersreservetherighttodenytrackaccesstoadriver
withinsufficientknowledgeoftheOfficialRules.
c) Drivingontrack:IntheinterestofsafetyitisimportantthatDriverslearnandapply
smooth and predictable driving techniques, e.g. thinking well ahead, avoiding
sudden directional changes, and being fully aware of other competitors around
. them
Article Article11: DrivingundertheInfluenceofAlcohol/IllegalSubstances 11: DrivingundertheInfluenceofAlcohol/IllegalSubstances
a) Driving under the influence of any alcohol and or illegal substance(s) is forbidden.
ThisappliestoallDriversandReserveDriversenteringthetrack.
b) ProceduresforalcoholorsubstancetestingaredetailedinChapterII.
8
c) Any breach will be penalized in line with Article 8: and the following additional
penalties:
i) Anyalcoholand/orsubstancerelatedbreachoftheruleswillbetreatedat
leastas2
nd
infractionoftheTeam,evenifnopriorviolationhasoccurred.
ii) Inaddition,theaffectedDriverisimmediatelybannedfromaccesstothetrack
aslongashe/sheisundertheInfluence.TheReserveDrivermaysubstitute
theDriverifhe/sheiseligibletodrive.
iii) Anysecondalcoholand/orsubstancerelatedinfractionwillleadtothe
squalificationoftheentireTeam. immediatedi
Article12: Briefing Article12: Briefing
The attendance of any briefing sessions by the Organiser is mandatory for Team
Managers and Drivers. Please refer to Chapter II for further details on these briefings.
d Schedule briefingswillbepostedatthetrack.
Article13: AccesstotheTrackandTestLap Article13: AccesstotheTrackandTestLap
a) Vehiclesmustpassasafetyinspectionpriortoaccessingthetrackforpracticeruns.
Asafetystickerwillbeclearlyaffixedoncethevehiclehaspassedtheinspection.
b) Forpracticeruns,onlyvehicleswithasafetystickerwillbeallowedonthetrack.
c) Forthecompetition,onlyvehicleswithsafetyandtechnicalinspectionstickerswill
beallowedtocompete.
d) TheOrganiserswillallowopportunityforTeamManagersandDriverstoinspectthe
track, i.e. before any vehicles are allowed on the track. For further details please
to refer ChapterII.
Article14: PushingtheVehicle Article14: PushingtheVehicle
At no time on the race track, drivers are allowed to push their vehicle or have it
nc crossthefinishline pushed,i ludingtostarttherunorto
Article15: CompetitionDirection Article15: CompetitionDirection
Itisforbid entodriveinreversegea
Article16: RadioCommunication Article16:
d rortodriveagainsttheracedirection.
RadioCommunication
Theuseofhandheldcommunicationsisforbiddeninthevehicle.However,theuseof
ahandsfreekitisallowedaslongasbothhandsofthedriverremainonthesteering
system.
Art Article17: Overtaking icle17: Overtaking
Driversarerequiredtogiveclearpassageforothercompetitorswishingtoovertake.
a) The Driver in the overtaking vehicle must sound their horn and pass with caution.
Attention: The Driver of the overtaking vehicle is responsible for the safety of the
manoeuvre.
9
b) The Driver of the vehicle being overtaken will use his/her rear and sideview
mirrorsandmustnotchangecoursesuddenly.
c) Onthetrack,overtakingisauthorisedonboththerightandtheleft,aslongasthe
mentioned above safetyrulesarefollowed
Article18: BreakdownsandOtherIncidents Article18: BreakdownsandOtherIncidents
a) Intentional stopping on the track is forbidden unless it is required by the
competition,e.g.forUrbanConceptvehicles.
b) If a vehicle breaks down or is involved in a disabling accident on the track, the
Drivermustimmediatelymakeeveryattempttodrivethevehicletothesideofthe
track.
c) The Driver is allowed 30 seconds to attempt to restart the vehicle from within its
drivingposition.
d) If unsuccessful, the Driver must get out of the car and wait in a safe place off the
trackfortheTrackMarshalstoarriveandrecoverhim/herandthevehicle.
e) It is forbidden to carry out repairs on the track. In the event of a flat tyre, even
when near the starting line, a new start will not be granted for the attempt in
io quest n.
Article19: Offtrackvehiclemovements Article19: Offtrackvehiclemovements
a) Allvehiclesmustbeparkedinsidethedesignatedpaddockareaordirectlyinfront
of it. When off the track, vehicles must be moved without the use of the engine.
Theymustbepushedorpulled.Testdrivinginthepaddockareaisforbidden.
b) Race Marshals will notify the Race Director of any breaches and any unsafe or
unfairbehaviour.
Driver & Equipment
Ar Article20: DriverWeight ticle20: DriverWeight
a) DriversofPrototypevehiclesmustweighatleast50kginfulldrivinggear,including
communicationdevices,priortoanattempt.Ballastmustbefittedtothevehiclein
the event the minimum weight requirement is not met. This ballast must be
provided by the Team, and must be effectively tied down and secured to the
vehicle to ensure no danger for the Driver in the event of collision or rollover. It
mustbeeasilydetachableforweighing.
b) Drivers of UrbanConcept vehicles must weigh at least 70 kg in full driving gear,
including communication devices and luggage item, prior to an attempt. Ballast
mustbefittedintheluggagecompartmentofthevehicleintheeventtheminimum
weight requirement is not met. This ballast must be provided by the Team, and
must be effectively tied down and secured to the vehicle to ensure no danger for
the Driver in the event of collision or rollover. It must be easily detachable for
weighing.(RefertoArticle46:i))
10
c) The Driver (in full driving gear, including communication devices) and the ballast
may be weighed before or after each official attempt. A weight loss of up to 1 kg
duringanattemptwillbetolerated.
Ar Article21: Helmets ticle21: Helmets
a) For practice and competition, Drivers must wear Motorcycle or Motorsport style
helmetsthatcomplywiththesafetystandardsspecifiedinChapterIIoftheOfficial
RulesofeachShellEcomarathonevent(bicycle/riding/skatingtypehelmetsarenot
permitted).Thehelmetlabelsmustbeclearlyreadable.Helmetswornbyboththe
DriverandReserveDriverwillbesubjecttoinspection.
b) Only fullface or three quarter helmets are permitted. Generally, the fullface and
three quarter style helmets can be affixed with face shields which are highly
recommended. If a face shield is not utilised, safety goggles are required. The
helmetsmustcorrectlyfittheDrivers;otherwisetheywillnotbeapprovedforthe
. event
Articl Article22: DriverClothing e22: DriverClothing
a) AllDriversmustweararacingsuitastheoutermostlayerofclothing(fireretardant
highly recommended). Casual clothing and street wear are not permitted. Chapter
II provides further guidelines regarding the racing suit specifications and
availability. Wearing synthetic outer clothes or underwear is strictly forbidden for
Driverswhenseatedintheirvehicle.
b) Gloves and shoes are required and must be provided by the team; bare feet or
o socks nlyareprohibited.
Article23: DriverComfort Article23: DriverComfort
Pleasenotethatintheeventofhotweatherconditionshightemperaturescouldbe
attainedinsidethevehicle,potentiallyaffectingDrivercomfortand/orcausingheat
stress.
a) Itisrecommendedtoproperlyventilatetheinsideofthevehicletoprovidecooling
totheDriver.
b) It is recommended to provide sufficient drinking liquids to the driver for the
duration of an attempt. If fluid containers are provided to the driver(s), these
containers must be hands free, e.g. camelback style or bottles secured inside the
driverscompartmentwithflexiblefeedstraw.
c) Itisrecommendedtoequipthevehiclewithaneffectivesunscreen.
d) TheOrganisersreservetherighttorestrictindividualdrivingtimebyanymeansat
their sole discretion, e.g. shortening the distance, requesting driver change (pit
stop),limitmaximumnumberofattemptsperdriverperday,etc.
Team Safety Equipment
Ar Article24: EquipmentandMaterials ticle24: EquipmentandMaterials
Teamsarerequiredtoprovideandusethefollowingattheevent:
11
a) Glovesforgeneralwork:leatherorcanvasmaterial.
b) Glovesforfuelormotoroilhandling:Chemicalresistant.
c) SafetyglassesforallTeammembers.(Disposabletypesarepermitted).
d) HearingprotectionforallTeammembers.(ApprovedEarplugsormuffs).
e) Ducttapetosecureanycordsorcableslyingonthepitfloor.
f) Liftstandsorappropriateraisedplatformforvehicletuningandrepairs.
g) Owntoolsandmaterials.
h) EachTeammustprovideanoperational6kgdrychemical(powder)(10lb.Unitfor
USapplication)extinguishersuitableforABCclassoffires.Theextinguishermust
beaccessibleintheTeamsspecificpitareainthegarage.Theextinguishermustbe
full,andhaveacertificateofvaliditybearingthemanufacturer'snumber,thedate
ofmanufacture,andtheexpirydate.
Attention
12
ReviewallsectionsoftheOfficialRulesastheycontainfurthersafetymattersspecificto
thetopic.
3- 3- VEHI CLE DESI GN VEHI CLE DESI GN
3A - General
Ar Article25: VehicleDesign ticle25: VehicleDesign
a) During vehicle design, construction and competition planning, participating Teams
mustpayparticularattentiontoallaspectsofsafety,i.e.Driversafety,thesafetyof
otherTeammembersandspectatorsafety.
i) Prototypevehiclesmusthavethreeorfourrunningwheels,whichunder
normalrunningconditionsmustbeallincontinuouscontactwiththeroad.
ii) UrbanConceptvehiclesmusthaveexactlyfourwheels,whichundernormal
runningconditionsmustbeallincontinuouscontactwiththeroad.Afifth
wheelforanypurposeisforbidden.
b) Aerodynamic appendages, which adjust or are prone to changing shape due to
windwhilstthevehicleisinmotion,areforbidden.
c) Vehicle bodies must not be prone to changing shape due to wind and must not
includeanyexternalappendagesthatmightbedangeroustootherTeammembers;
e.g.sharppointsmusthavearadiusof5cmorgreater,alternativelytheyshouldbe
madeoffoamorsimilardeformablematerial.
This means for example exposed corners of solar panels, pointed
partsofthevehiclebody,etc.
d) ThevehicleinteriormustnotcontainanyobjectsthatmightinjuretheDriverduring
acollision.
e) Windows must not be made of any material which may shatter into sharp shards.
m .g.Lexan) Recom endedmaterial:Polycarbonate(e
Article26: Chassis/MonocoqueSolidity Article26: Chassis/MonocoqueSolidity
a) Teamsmustensurethatthevehiclechassisormonocoqueissolid.
Amonocoqueisaconstructionthatsupportsstructuralloadbyusing
anobject'sexternalskinasopposedtousingaframe.
b) The vehicle chassis must be equipped with an effective roll bar that extends 5 cm
around the drivers helmet when seated in normal driving position with the safety
beltsfastened.
13
c) This roll bar must extend in width beyond the drivers shoulders when seated in
normaldrivingpositionwiththesafetybeltsfastened.
It is permissible to either use a tubular or panel type roll bar. If a
tubularrollbarisused,itmustbemadeofmetal.Apanelrollbaris
the rigid partition separating the cockpit from the engine
compartment. Such a panel roll bar must be an integral part of the
vehiclechassisorintegratedinamonocoque.
d) Anyrollbarmustbecapableofwithstandingastaticloadof700N(~70kg)applied
in a vertical, horizontal or perpendicular direction, without deforming (i.e.in any
direction).
e) The vehicle chassis or monocoque must be wide and long enough to protect the
s driver bodyincaseofafrontalorlateralcollision.
Article27: PropulsionandEnergyStorageSystemIsolation Article27: PropulsionandEnergyStorageSystemIsolation
a) A permanent Bulkhead must completely separate the vehicles propulsion and
energystoragesystemsfromthedriverscompartment.
This means engines, fuel cells, fuel tanks, batteries (both propulsion
and auxiliary), hydrogen cylinders, super capacitors, etc. must be
placed outside the drivers compartment behind the bulk head. The
purpose of this bulkhead is that in the event of a fuel leak or fire, it
prevents liquids and / or flames and / or smoke reaching the driver.
Therefore, it is necessary to pay particular attention to avoid any
gaps and holes between the body and the bulk head. It is
recommendedtosealgapswithmaterialssuchasmetal/aluminium
sheetingoraluminiumtape.
b) Thisbulkheadmustbeoffireretardantmaterialandconstruction
c) In closedtop Prototype vehicles and in all UrbanConcept vehicles, the bulkhead
must effectively seal the drivers compartment from the propulsion and fuel
system.
d) In open Prototype vehicles the bulkhead must extend at least 5 cm above the
highest point of the propulsion and fuel system or the drivers shoulders
whicheveristhehighest.
e) Thebulkheadmustpreventmanualaccesstotheengine/energycompartmentby
thedriver.
Article28: Visibility Article28: Visibility
a) The Driver must have access to a direct arc of visibility ahead, and to 90 on each
side of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. This field of vision must be achieved
without aid of any optical (or electronic) devices such as mirrors, prisms,
periscopes, etc. Movement of the Drivers head within the confines of the vehicle
bodytoachieveacompletearcofvisionisallowed.
b) The vehiclemust be equipped with a rearview mirror on each side of the vehicle,
each with a minimum surface area of 25 cm (e.g. 5 cm x 5 cm). The visibility
provided by these mirrors, and their proper attachment, will be subject to
inspection.Anelectronicdevicemustnotreplacearearviewmirror.
c) An Inspector will check visibility in each of the vehicles in order to assess ontrack
safety. This Inspector will check good visibility with 60 cm high blocks spread out
every30inahalfcircle,witha5mradiusinfrontofthevehicle.
14
d) ForUrbanConceptvehicleswetweathervisibilityisalsomandatory(Article52:)
Ar Article29: SafetyBelts ticle29: SafetyBelts
a) TheDriver'sseatmustbefittedwithaneffectivesafetyharnesshavingatleastfive
mountingpointstomaintaintheDriverinhis/herseat.
b) The mounting point(s) for the crotch strap(s) must be below the Drivers torso to
preventtheDriverfromslippingforward.
c) The 5 independent belts must be firmly attached to the vehicle's main structure
andbefittedintoasinglebuckle,specificallydesignedforthispurpose.
d) The safety harness must be worn and fastened at all times when the vehicle is in
motion.
e) The fitness for purpose of the harness and its fitting will be evaluated during
technicalinspection.ForPrototypecarsthiswillbedonebyraisingthevehiclewith
theDriveronboardusingthesafetyharnessforsuspension.
f) Thesafetyharnessmustwithstandaforceofatleast1.5timestheDriversweight.
g) Theharnessmustbepropriety.
This meansthe safety harness must be specifically manufactured for
tuse.(e.g.certifiedorcompliantwithFIAstandards) motorspor
Article30: VehicleAccess Article30: VehicleAccess
a) ItisimperativeforDrivers,fullyharnessed,tobeabletovacatetheirvehiclesatany
timewithoutassistanceinlessthan10seconds.
b) For Prototype vehicles with closed bodywork must be equipped with a sufficiently
large opening for the cockpit. The driving position must be designed so that
emergencyservicescaneasilyextracttheDriverfromhis/hervehicle,ifnecessary.
c) ForPrototypevehicles,thesaidopeningmaybeenclosedwhollyorpartlybymeans
of hinged, detachable and/or folding doors, provided that a release mechanism is
easily operable from inside and that the method of opening from the outside is
clearlymarkedbyaredarrowanddoesnotrequireanytools.
d) For UrbanConcept vehicles, the opening release mechanism must be easily and
intuitively operable from the inside and the outside of the vehicle. The method of
opening from the outside must be clearly marked by a red arrow and must not
requireanytools.
e) ItisforbiddentouseadhesivetapetosecurelyclosetheDriversopeningfromthe
outside.
Article31: Horn Article31: Horn
a) Eachvehiclemustbeequippedwithanelectrichornmountedtowardsthefrontof
thevehicle,insuchamannerthatiseffectivelyaudibletoothervehiclesandtrack
marshals. With the vehicle in normal running condition, it must emit a sound
greaterthan85dBAwhenmeasured4metershorizontallyfromthevehicle.
b) Thehornmusthaveahightone(pitch)ofequalorgreaterthan420Hz.
15
c) Thehornmusthaveanoisecapacity/volumegreaterthan110decibels(dBA).
Article32 Article32: OnboardFireExtinguisher : OnboardFireExtinguisher
a) Each vehicle must be fitted with a fire extinguisher (ABC or BC type). All Drivers
must be trained in the use of said fire extinguisher. This extinguisher must have a
minimum extinguishant capacity of 1kg (2 lb for US application), equivalent size
extinguishers are not permitted. It must be full and have a certificate of validity
bearingthemanufacturer'snumberandthedateofmanufactureorexpiry.
b) Plumbedin extinguishers may be located in the engine compartment and must
dischargeintotheenginecompartment.Triggeringsystemsmustbelocatedwithin
thecockpitandbeoperablebytheDriverinhis/hernormaldrivingposition.
c) Handheldextinguishersmustbelocatedwithinthecockpitandbeaccessibletothe
Driver once they have vacated the vehicle. These should be securely mounted to
preventmovementwhiledriving/braking.Intheeventofafire,Driversshouldfirst
exit the vehicle and then if possible, remove the extinguisher and attempt to
extinguishthefireifsafetodoso.
d) The onboard fire extinguisher does not replace the need for an adequate fire
u sgaragearea. exting isherfortheteam
Article33: DriverPosition Article33: DriverPosition
Forsafety theheadfirstdriving
Article34: ClutchandTransmission Article34:
reasons, positionisprohibited.
ClutchandTransmission
a) All vehicles with internal combustion engines must be equipped with a clutch
system.
b) Forcentrifugal/automaticclutchesthestartermotorspeedmustalwaysbebelow
theengagementspeedoftheclutch.
c) For UrbanConcept only: The vehicle must have idling capabilities, i.e. the vehicle
mustremainstationarywiththeenginerunning.
d) For manual clutches the starter motor must not be operable with the clutch
engaged.Aninterlockisrequiredtofacilitatethisfunctionality.
e) PleaserefertoArticle64:regardingstartermotorrequirements.
f) Theinstallationofeffectivetransmissionchainorbeltguard(s)ismandatory.
This is required to protect driver or technician when working on the
car in the event of the chain or belt breaking. It must be made of
mpositematerialrigidenoughtowithstandabreak. metalorco
Article35: ExhaustSystem Article35: ExhaustSystem
a) Theexhaustgasesmustbeevacuatedoutsidethevehiclebody.
b) Exhaustpipesmustnotextendbeyondtherearofthevehiclebody.
c) All vehiclesare expected to comply with reasonable environmental standards,e.g.
amountofsmokeandodouremitted.
16
d) Allexhaustcomponentsmustbemadeofmetal.
Ar Article36: SoundLevel ticle36: SoundLevel
Thesound level of the vehicle must not exceed 90 dB when measured 4 metresaway
fromthevehicle.
Maximum sound levels will be measured and recorded at the start
lineandteamsexceedingthepermissiblelevelwillbenotifiedwitha
nwithinareasonabletimeframe. requestforcorrectio
Article37: EmergencyShutdown Article37: EmergencyShutdown
a) An emergency shutdown system, operable from both, the exterior of the vehicle
andtheinteriordriverposition,mustbepermanentlyinstalledonallvehicles(not
part of the detachable bodywork used to allow driver access). A red arrow (on a
whitebackground)atleast10cmlongand3cm wideatthewidestpointmustbe
positioned on the vehicle body to indicate clearly the exterior position of the
emergencyshutdownactuator.Thissystemmuststoptheengine/motor.
b) For Battery Electric and Solar vehicles the emergency shutdown mechanism must
provide a physical isolation of the propulsion battery from the vehicle electrical
system.Ifrelaysareused,therelaysmustbeanormallyopencontacttype.Theuse
of a power controller or other logic systems to drive an isolation device is not
itt perm ed.
Article38: AdditionalInspections Article38: AdditionalInspections
a) After passing the technical inspection, the replacement and / or alteration of the
engine, any vehicle wiring, or any other vehicle part must be reapproved by the
TechnicalInspectors.
b) After any significant incident on the track the vehicle will be subject to a re
inspectionaswell
c) Atanytime,theOrganisersmayperformunannouncedinspectionsonthevehicles.
3B - Prototype Group
Ar Article39: Dimensions ticle39: Dimensions
a) Themaximumheightmustbelessthan100cm.
b) The maximum height measured at the top of the Driver's compartment must be
lessthan1.25timesthemaximumtrackwidthbetweenthetwooutermostwheels.
c) The track width must be at least 50 cm, measured between the midpoints where
thetyrestouchtheground.
d) Thewheelbasemustbeatleast100cm.
e) Themaximumtotalvehiclewidthmustnotexceed130cm.
f) Themaximumtotallengthmustnotexceed350cm.
17
g) Themaximumvehicleweight,withouttheDriveris140kg.
Ar Article40: CockpitVentilation ticle40: CockpitVentilation
Nospecificationpleasereviewconsideration
Article41: Wheels,AxlesandWheelHubs Article41: Wheels,AxlesandWheelHubs
sinArticle23:
a) Alltypesofwheelsareallowed.
b) Anytypeofwheelrimmaybeused.Rimsmustbecompatiblewiththedimensions
oftheselectedtyresinordertosatisfysafetystandards.
Teams must take into account the fact that bicycle wheels are not
generally designed to support substantial lateral cornering forces,
such as may be found in Shell Ecomarathon vehicles at certain
speeds.
The wheel axles must be designed for cantilever loads (like in wheel
chairs) rather than for load distributed equally on both sides (like in
bicycles).
c) Wheels located inside the vehicle body must be isolated from the Driver by a
bulkhead.
d) Any handling or manipulation of wheels by the Driver is forbidden from the
n untilitcrossesthefinishline. mome tthevehicleisatthestartingline
Article42: TurningRadiusandSteering Article42: TurningRadiusandSteering
a) The turning radius must be sufficient to enable safe overtaking as well as
negotiatingtheturnsofthetrack.
b) If the Organisers suspect that the turning radius of a vehicle is insufficient for the
track,thevehiclewillberequiredtonegotiateaslalomcourse.
c) The slalom course in Asia and Americas will required a turning radius of 6 m, in
Europeitwillrequireaturningradiusof12m.Itwillalsoaimtoverifydriverskills
andsteeringprecision,i.e.thatithasexcessiveplayorunduedelay.
d) Indirectsteeringispermittedaslongasadequatefailsafeandbackupmeasuresare
inplace.
Article43: Braking Article43: Braking
a) Vehicles must be equipped with two independently activated brakes or braking
systems; each system comprising of a single command control (lever(s) or foot
pedal),commandtransmission(cablesorhoses)andactivators(callipersorshoes).
b) One system has to act on all front wheel(s), the other on all rear wheel(s). When
brakingontwosteeringwheelsatthefront,twoactivators(callipersorshoes)have
to be usedone on each wheel, commanded by only one command control. In
addition,therightandleftbrakesmustbeproperlybalanced.
c) Therearsystemmustworkoneachwheel,unlesstheyareconnectedbyacommon
shaftinwhichcasetheycanhaveasinglesystem.
18
d) It must be possible to activate the two systems at the same time without taking
eitherhandofthesteeringsystem.Footcontrolisrecommended.
e) The effectiveness of the two braking devices will be tested during vehicle
inspection. The vehicle will be placed on an incline with a 20 percent slope. The
brakes will be activated each in turn. Each system alone must keep the vehicle
immobile.
f) Theuseofahydraulicallycontrolledbrakingsystemishighlyrecommended.
Cableoperatedsystemsareallowedaslongastheyareeffectiveand
passthebraketest.
3 C C - Urban ncept Gro o up
Article44: Definition Article44: Definition
UnderthenameUrbanConcept,Shelloffersanopportunitytodesignandbuildfuel
economy vehicles that are close in appearance to todays production type passenger
cars. UrbanConcept vehicles must comply with the specific rule of the Shell Eco
marathonforthisgroup.Oneparticularfeatureofthisgroupisthatvehiclescompeting
stop&godriving. inthisgroupwillrequire
Article45: Dimensions Article45: Dimensions
a) Thetotalvehicleheightmustbebetween100cmand130cm.
b) The total body width, excluding rear view mirrors, must be between 120 cm and
130cm.
c) Thetotalvehiclelengthmustbebetween220cmand350cm.
d) The track width must be at least 100 cm for the front axle and 80 cm for the rear
axle,measuredbetweenthemidpointswherethetyrestouchtheground.
e) Thewheelbasemustbeatleast120cm.
f) The Drivers compartment must have a minimum height of 88 cm and a minimum
widthof70cmattheDriversshoulders.
g) Thegroundclearancemustbeatleast10cm.
h) Themaximumvehiclewe
Article46: VehicleBody Article46: VehicleBody
ight(excludingtheDriver)mustbe205kg.
a) Teams are requested to submit technical drawings, photographs or animations of
their entire vehicle design to the organisers for approval at their earliest
opportunity.
Thisisstronglyrecommendedtoavoidupsetsbyfailingthetechnical
inspectionattheeventongroundsofdesignnoncompliance.
b) The body must cover all mechanical parts excluding wheels and suspension,
whetherthevehicleisviewedfromthefront,therear,thesidesorfromabove.
19
c) The wheels and suspension must be fully covered by the body when seen from
above and up to the axle centre line when seen from front or rear. The cover of
wheelsandsuspensionmustbearigidintegralpartofthevehiclebody.
d) Itisprohibitedtouseanycommerciallyavailablevehiclebodyparts.
e) AccesstothevehiclebytheDrivermustbeaseasyandpracticalastypicallyfound
in production type passenger cars. The door opening must have a minimum
dimensionof500x800mm.
Thismeansthedooropeningwillbeverifiedwitharectangular
templateof500x800mm.
f) Anyaccessopeningmechanisms(e.g.doors)mustbefirmlyattachedtothevehicle
body(e.g.bymeansofhinges,slidingrails,etc.).Adhesivetape,Velcro,etc.arenot
permittedforthispurpose.
g) ThevehiclemusthavearoofcoveringtheDriverscompartment.
h) Awindscreenwitheffectivewiper(s)ismandatory.PleaserefertoArticle52:.
i) Luggagespacemustbeavailableforasuitcaselikeobjectwithdimensionsof500x
400x200mm(LxHxW).Thisspacemustbeeasilyaccessiblefromtheoutsideand
mustincludeafloorandsidewallstoholdtheluggageinplacewhenthevehicleis
moving. A competitor supplied suitcaselike object must be placed in this space
during any competition. For drivers requiring ballast this suitcaselike object must
containtheballast.
j) Vehiclebodiesmustnotincludeanyexternalappendagesthatmightbedangerous
to other Team members; e.g. sharp points must have a radius of 5 cm or greater,
alternativelytheyshouldbemadeoffoamorsimilardeformablematerial.
k) A towing hook or ring is mandatory on the front of the vehicle, so that it can be
towedwithacablebyanothervehicle.Thishookorringmustresistatractionforce
of2000N(~200kg).
Article47: TurningRadiusandSteering Article47: TurningRadiusandSteering
a) Vehiclesteeringmustbeachievedbyonesystemoperatedwithbothhandsusinga
turningmotion.Itmustbeprecise,withnoexcessiveplay.
b) Steeringmustbeachievedusingasteeringwheelorsectionsofawheel.
c) Steeringbars,tillers,joysticks,indirectorelectricsystemsarenotpermitted.
d) Theturningradiusmustbelessthan6m.
e) A vehicle handling course may be set up in order to verify the following when the
vehicleisinmotion:driverskills,turningradiusandsteeringprecision.Inparticular,
rifythatsteeringisprecise,withnoexcessiveplay. Inspectorswillve
Article48: Wheels Article48: Wheels
a) Therimsmustbebetween13to17inchesindiameter.
20
b) ThewheelslocatedinsidethevehiclebodymustbemadeinaccessibletotheDriver
by a bulkhead. Any handling or manipulation of the wheels is forbidden from the
momentthevehiclearrivesatthestartinglineuntilitcrossesthefinishline.
Ar Article49: Tyres ticle49: Tyres
The choice of tyres is free as long as they are fitted on the type and size of rims
recommendedbytheirmanufacturersandhaveaminimumtreadof1.6mm.Thetyre/
rim assembly must have a minimum width of 80 mm, measured from sidewall to
sidewall.Thewidthismeasuredwiththetyrefittedonitsrimatitsratedpressure.
Caution: the manufacturers size indications should not be taken as
measure, as the width of the rim directly impacts the width of the
/tyreassembly. rim
Article Article50: Lighting 50: Lighting
Thevehiclemusthaveafunctionalexternallightingsystem,including:
a) Twofrontheadlights
b) Twofrontturnindicators
c) Tworearturnindicators
d) Tworedbrakelightsintherear
e) Tworedrearlights(maybecombinedwiththebrakelights)
f) Thecentreofeachheadlightunitmustbelocatedatanequaldistanceandatleast
30cmfromthelongitudinalaxisofthevehicle.
g) The mandatory red indicator light for the self starter operation must be separate
an ove( from yoftheab
Article51: Braking Article51: Braking
Article64:c))
a) Thevehiclemustbeequippedwithafourdischydraulicbrakesystem,withabrake
pedal,whichhasaminimumsurfaceareaof25cm.
b) The brakes must operate independently on the front and rear axles or in an X
pattern (i.e. right front wheel with left rear wheel, and left front wheel with right
rearwheel).
c) A single master cylinder may be used, provided that it has a dual circuit (two
pistonsanddualtank).
d) Theeffectivenessofthebrakingsystemwillbetestedduringvehicleinspectionfor
both Drivers. The vehicle must remain immobile when it is placed on a 20 percent
incline with the main brake in place. Moreover, a dynamic inspection may be
performedonthevehiclehandlingcourse.
e) RaceInspectorsmaycheckthebrakesagainjustpriortothestart.
f) Wetweathercapabilityismandat
Article52: WetWeatherRunning Article52: WetWeatherRunning
ory(seeArticle52:)
21
a) During weather conditions of light rain/drizzle, the UrbanConcept vehicles (only)
may be required to drive on the track during competition with approval from the
Race Director. Therefore, all UrbanConcept vehicles must be adequate for running
undersuchconditions.
b) Thevehiclemustbeequippedwithaneffectiveelectricwindscreenwiper(s).
c) The operation of the wiper assembly must be activated by an independent switch
easilyaccessibletothedriver.
d) Thewiperoperationmustprovidethedriveraclearview.
Thismeansthewiperunitmustfunctionasdesigned.
e) The vehicle must be adequately ventilated to prevent drivers compartment from
fogging.
f) Thevehicleselectricalsystemmustbesuitableforwetweatherconditions(e.g.will
notmalfunctionduringwetconditions).
g) Tyresmusthaveaminimumtreadof1.6mm(refertoArticle49:).
h) Thevehiclesbrakeeffectivenessmaybereinspectedbeforeand/orafteranyrun.
22
i) The effectiveness of the vehicle to run in wet conditions will be evaluated during
theinitialinspectionphase.
4- 4- ENERGY SOURCES ENERGY SOURCES
4A - General
Ar Article53: EnergyTypes ticle53: EnergyTypes
Vehiclesmayonlyusethefollowingenergies:
a) InternalCombustion:
i) ShellFuelSaveUnleaded95(EuropeandAsia)/ShellRegular87(US)Petrol/
Gasoline.**
ii) ShellFuelSaveDiesel(Europe)/ShellDiesel(AsiaandUS).**
iii) ShellGastoLiquid(100%GTL).
iv) FattyAcidMethylEster(100%FAME).
v) EthanolE100(100%Ethanol).
** The gasoline and diesel provided by the Organisers are the Shell
fuelsprevalentinthelocalmarketswheretheeventstakeplace.For
testingandtuningpurposesintheteamshomecountrieswhereShell
FuelSaveUnleaded95andShellFuelSaveDieselarenotavailableitis
recommended to use the locally available Shell Unleaded 95 or Shell
Dieselinstead.
b) ElectricMobility:
i) Hydrogen.
ii) Solar.***
iii) BatteryElectric.
*** Weather conditions will vary throughout the event and solar
competitors need to take this effect into account during the
competition.
Article54: ResultsCalculations Article54: ResultsCalculations
a) Results for the Internal Combustion Category will be expressed in kilometres per
litre (km/l) (i.e. theoretical distance covered using energy of Shell FuelSave
Unleaded95(EuropeandAsia)/ShellRegular87(US)Petrol/Gasolineequivalent)
correctedtoatemperatureof15C.
23
b) Regardless of the fuel used, the ranking will be determined from this equivalent
consumption of Shell FuelSave Unleaded 95 (Europe and Asia) / Shell Regular 87
(US) Petrol / Gasoline. This calculation will be performed using the net calorific
value (NCV), which represents the quantity of energy released per unit mass or
volumeoffuelduringcompletecombustionyieldingsteamandcarbondioxide.
c) TypicalNCVvalues(massbasis)fordifferentfuelsaregiveninthetablebelow.The
NCV values (vol.) at 15 C are calculated on the day of competition by multiplying
theactualmassbasedNCVbythefueldensityat15C.
InternalCombustionFuel NCVbymass(kJ/kg)
ShellFuelSaveUnleaded95(EuropeandAsia)
ShellRegular87(US)Petrol/Gasoline
42,900
ShellFuelSaveDiesel(Europe)
ShellDiesel(AsiaandUS)
42,600
FattyAcidMethylEster 37,700
GastoLiquid 44,000
EthanolE100 26,900
Hydrogen 119,930
d) For example, if a distance of 1,000 km is covered with one litre of Shell Diesel,
whose corresponding energy is 35,660 kJ (if we assume a fuel density of 0.83716
kg/lat15C),thisrepresents0.0280kmcoveredperkJ.Sincetheenergyfromone
litreofShellFuelSaveUnleaded95(EuropeandAsia)/ShellRegular87(US)Petrol/
Gasoline is 32,010 kJ (if we assume a fuel density of 0.74616 kg/l at 15 C), this
corresponds to a corrected distance of 896 km (rounded to the nearest unit). The
finalresultforavehiclehavingcovered1,000kmwithonelitreofdieselfuel(atthe
referencetemperatureof15C)willthusbe896kmfortheequivalentof1litreof
Shell FuelSave Unleaded 95 (Europe and Asia) / Shell Regular 87 (US) Petrol /
Gasoline(alsoatthereferencetemperatureof15C).
e) ResultsfortheElectricMobilityCategory(hydrogenfuelcell,solar,batteryelectric)
willbeexpressedinkilometresperkilowatthour(km/kWh).
f) FuelCellvehicleswilluseaflowmetertomeasuretheH
2
consumed.Theresultwill
becalculatedusingtheNCVofH
2
listedabove.
g) The results of Solar and Battery Electric vehicles will be determined by using
joulemeterswhicharesuppliedbytheOrganisers.
h) There ultsforhybridvehicleswillb
Article55: FuelsSupply&Handling Article55:
s eexpressedbasedontheprimaryenergyused.
FuelsSupply&Handling
a) OnlythefuelslistedinArticle53:,asprovidedtotheparticipantsbytheOrganisers
duringtheevent,areauthorisedforuseduringpracticeandcompetition.
b) Supplies adequate for practice and competition will be available by the officials in
chargeofmeasuringfuelconsumption.
24
c) No additives may be added to the fuel. Only the power derived from the
combustion of the fuel in the presence of air alone within the engine system may
be used for forward propulsion. No other material that could serve as engine fuel
maybeusedatanytimeduringtheevent.
d) Any participant handling fuel must wear safety glasses and chemically resistant
gloves.
e) Noadd rinjection,orfueltreatmentdevicesareallowed. itives,catalysts,wate
Article56: EngineLubricants EngineLubricants Article56:
TheOrganiserswillprovidetheengineoil
Article57: VehicleElectricalSystems Article57: VehicleElectricalSystems
sforusebythecompetitors.
a) Forsafetyreasons,themaximumvoltageonboardofanyvehicleatanypointmust
not exceed 48 Volts nominal and 60 Volts max (this includes onboard batteries,
externalbatteries,supercapacitors,fuelcellstack,solarpanels,etc).
Battery definition: A battery is defined as a source of electrical
energy,whichhasexactlytwoconnectorsandcomesasasingleunit.
Thissingleunitmaycontainmorethanonesubunit.
b) If a LithiumIon battery is used, a Battery Management System (BMS) must be
installed to control and protect the battery against risk of fire. The BMS must
provide cell balancing during offtrack charging and protect against overcharge,
(andforemobilityvehicles)overdischarge,overcurrentandovertemperature.For
non emobility vehicles, the accessory battery BMS system cell balancing and
overchargeprotectionmaybecontainedintheoffboardcharger.
c) All batteries and super capacitors must be short circuit protected. Protection may
be in the form of a fuse, fusable link, or a current interrupting device (circuit
breaker). Automatic reclosing current interrupting devices are not allowed. Short
circuitprotectiondevicesmustbelocatedonthepositiveconductorandascloseas
possibletothebatteryitself.Theratingoftheshortcircuitprotectiondevicemust
be such that the battery will be able to supply enough short circuit current at all
timestoopenthedevice.
d) Allvehicleelectricalcircuitsmustbeprotectedagainstelectricaloverload.Overload
protectionmaybeintheformoffixedcurrentlimitswithinelectriccontrollersorby
theinsertionofindividualcircuitfuses.
e) Theaccessorybattery(referArticle57:h))mustmaintainanegativeground.
f) For safety reasons, the propulsion battery or super capacitors, both positive and
negative circuits must be electrically isolated from the vehicle frame and the
accessorybatterycircuit.
This only applies to Hybrid and emobility vehicles which have a
propulsionbattery.
g) Only one propulsion battery (for emobility vehicles only) and one accessory
batterypervehicleareallowed.
25
h) Theaccessorybatterymustoperateallsafetydevices(e.g.horn,hydrogensensor)
for the duration of the competition and may also operate only for internal
combustion engine, the starter motor, the ignition, the instrumentation and
electronic management systems. All other additional sources of electricity are
forbidden.
i) The accessory battery is not allowed to power compressors, blowers, engine
cooling systems, motors, etc. It may however be used to power a ventilation /
coolingfanforthedriver.
j) The Organisers reserve the right to request Teams to install one joulemeter,
intended to measure the quantity of energy provided by the accessory battery. If
this amount of energy exceeds the power typically required to operate the starter
motor,hornandsafetydevicesthecompetitorwillbedisqualified.
k) Both propulsion and accessory batteries must be installed outside of the drivers
compartmentbehindabulkhead.(SeeArticle27:)
l) The following devices may be powered by batteries other than the propulsion or
accessory battery provided they use builtin batteries: radio communication
system, GPS system, data loggers excluding engine management units, driver
ventilators.
m) All electrical / electronic cases must be made of transparent material or at least
a have transparenttop.
Article58: TechnicalDocumentation Article58: TechnicalDocumentation
a) CompetitorsmustprovidetheOrganiserswithaprecisetechnicaldescriptionofthe
vehiclesfuelsystemandelectricalcircuitry.
b) TechnicalDocumentationpriortoevent.
i) Competitorsmustprovide,throughtheonlinesubmittalprocess,
documentationonthefuelandvehicleelectricalsystem.
ii) Forinternalcombustionvehicles,thedocumentationmustincludea
descriptionandaprecisetechnicaldrawingofthefuelsupplysystemfromthe
tanktoengine.Thisshouldcontainthefollowing:
1. Major fuel system components such as pressurised air bottle, pressure
relief valves, air pressure gauges, fuel tank, filters, valves, carburettors,
fuel injectors, float chambers, pumps, starter motor , engine, etc.
2. A description on how the vehicle clutch works (showing that use of the
starter motor will not engage the clutch)
iii) Forallvehicles,theelectricalsystemsdocumentationmaybeintheformof
oneormoreblockdiagrams/electricalcircuitdiagramcontainingthe
following:
1. Point to point vehicle wiring diagram showing the location of all major
relevant electrical components of the system, such as batteries, super
capacitors, fuses/circuit protectors, lights, alternators, horn, starter motor
(for e-mobility vehicles this should also include drive train components
such as fuel cells, motors, controllers, solar panels, MPPTs, joulemeters),
etc.
2. Component voltage, current, and power ratings of major components.
3. Locations and ratings of all circuit protection devices.
26
4. Illustration of how the emergency stop system works, and presence of both
external and internal emergency switches. A separate sheet may be used
to illustrate this if necessary.
5. A description of any battery(s) or ultra (super) capacitors being used in the
system, including type, rated voltage, max charge voltage and capacity in
amp-hours or capacitance.
6. The Organisers reserve the right to request additional information from
Teams using a high-capacity accessory battery.
7. The starter motor and starter light connections (for vehicles with a starter
motor)
c) TechnicalDocumentationatevent(tobereviewedduringTechnicalInspection)
i) Competitorsmusthaveavailableforinspectionwiththevehicle,aprinted
copyofthelatestversionofthedocumentssubmittedabove(Article58:b))
andtheadditionaldocumentationasdefinedbelow.
ii) Forallvehicles,ifaLithiumIonbatteryisused,eitherasapropulsionor
accessorybattery,provideprinted/writtendocumentationontheBMS
operation.(Note,therequirementforBMSsystemoperationdatais
independentofwhethertheBMSisintegratedintoapurchasedbatteryor
specialbuilt.)TheBMSdatashouldinclude:
1. Cell over-voltage protection limits.
2. Battery over-current limit.
3. Operation of cell balancing (how and when).
4. Battery over-temperature limit.
5. Battery operation when over-voltage, over-current or over-temperature
limits are reached. (that is, what will the BMS/Battery do when these limits
are reached)
iii) ForemobilityVehiclestheadditionalprintedtechnicaldocumentationshould
include:
1. Any additional information not submitted prior to the event on the battery
type, energy capacity and nominal voltage ratings (both propulsion and
accessory if used).
2. Any additional information not submitted prior to the event on the motor(s)
and motor controller(s) power and voltage ratings.
3. PV Panel(s) data sheet power and voltage ratings (P
mpp
, I
sc
, V
oc
, V
mpp
) (if
used).
4. PV controller (MPPT), power and voltage ratings (if used).
4 l B - Interna Combustion Engines
Article59: Propulsion Article59: Propulsion
27
The type or design of the internal combustion engines is not restricted, however they
must run only on the fuel provided by the Organisers and must not consume any
engineoil(2strokeenginesareforbidden).
Ar Article60: Otheronboardenergysources ticle60: Otheronboardenergysources
a) For all fuel categories, stored electrical or pneumatic energy not replaced during
the competition by the engine may only be used for the selfstarter, the ignition,
theinjector,theinstrumentation,thehornandelectronicmanagementsystems.
b) Fuelpumpsarepermittedforallfuelsprovidedtheyaremechanicallydrivenbythe
engineonly.
c) It is permitted to pressurise the liquid fuel tanks, in orderto feed theengine, only
underthefollowingconditions:
d) Pressurisationisdonebymeansofatranslucentcompressedairbottlefittedwitha
safetyvalvesetto5barsmaximum.Itmustincludeastandardvalveasusedforcar
tyres in order to enable verification/control of the pressure setting for the safety
valve.Thesaidpressurisationisdoneinthestartingareabymeansofanairpump.
TheDrivermustnotmodifythepressureduringthecompetition.
e) Auxiliaryenergysources(chemical,latentenergyfromphasechanges,etc.)arenot
permitted.
f) Iftheenginetemperatureisregulated,thesaidregulationshouldbelimitedtothe
use of pure, unpressurised water ascoolant. The externalregulation temperature
oftheengine(forenginesthusequipped)islimitedto100C.
g) It is forbidden to use a batterypowered electrical pump to ensure oil or water
circulation in the engine, except in cases where this pump is only used when the
engineisbeingstarted.
Comment: For 2013 the use of electric fuel pumps creating higher
injectionpressuresisunderconsideration.Theywillonlybeallowedif
the entire system (tank, fuel lines, pump, injector) can be easily and
purposes. safelyremovedfromthevehicleforweighing
Article61: FuelTanks(withtheexceptionofHydrogen) Article61: FuelTanks(withtheexceptionofHydrogen)
a) The vehicle must be equipped with only one of the following approved fuel tanks
suppliedbytheOrganisers:
Tankcapacities: Prototype:30,100or250cc
UrbanConcept:30,100,250or350cc
b) Only tanks bearing a clearly visible stamp proving its "APAVE"* certification
compliancecanbeusedforpressurisedsystems.
APAVE:Thisorganisationtestsfueltanksandcertifiestheirabilityto
withstandapressureof5bar(72.4psi).
c) Thefueltankhastobemountedinanaccessibleandzerodegreeverticalposition
whichallowsinsitufillingwithaburetteofapprox1metreheight.
d) Thefueltankmustbemountedinawaythatitstopisatleast5cmbelowtheroll
bar.
28
e) The fuel tank cap, whether it is leak proof or not (drilled), must be in place at all
timesduringthecompetition.
Note that for gravity fed systems a small (<3 mm) hole should be
drilled in the centre of the cap to allow air to enter the tank, hence
allowfuelout!
f) Fuelreturnlinesmustbefedintothefuelfeedlinebelow thefueltank. However,
the return line can only be fitted to the fuel cap if the engine was originally
equippedwithamanualprimingpumpandthisreturnlineandthepumphavenot
beenmodified.
g) Competitors must equip their vehicle with clear fuel lines which are not prone to
expansionwhenpressurised(max.internaldiameter8mm).Attechnicalinspection
theOrganiserswillsupplyasuitablelineifrequired
h) Forpressurisedfuelsystemsthehosesconnectingthepressurebottlewiththefuel
tank cap must be flexible (do not need to be Rilsan / Nylon type) to allow easy
c rtopreventsideloadingtothetanknecks. conne tionandinorde
Article62: FuelSystem Article62: FuelSystem
a) Theparticipantsmustprovideadescriptionandaprecisetechnicaldrawingofthe
fuelsupplysystemfromthetanktoengine.
b) Thissystemmustbedesignedinsuchawaythatitcanbecompletelydrainedand
refilledbeforethecompetition.
c) The fuel line between the tank and the engine must not include any additional
elements(noadditionalfiltersorvalves).
d) Fordieselengines,acutoffsolenoidvalveisrequired.
e) Anyfuelsystemincludingafloatchamber(carburettor)mustbefittedwithadrain
valve at the bottom of the carburettor enabling Inspectors to partially drain the
chamberandtoensurethatthefuellevelgoesdowninthetank.
f) The air intake manifolds must not contain any fuel (or be able to accumulate any
fuel) or blowby gas when the vehicle is on the starting line prior to departure.
Blowbygasmustnotberecycledduringthecompetitionbutneedstobecollected
inaspecificcanisterforenvironmentalprotection.
Blowbygas:gasinsidetheengine(inparticular,oilvapours,unburnt
gasorgasinthecombustionchamberthathasnotbeenevacuatedin
the exhaust). This gas is usually recovered at the intake manifold.
Thisisknownasblowbygasrecirculation.
g) Thefuelsystemmustbeeasilyaccessibleforinspectionandmeasurements.
h) It must be possible to set the fuel supply system to atmospheric pressure for
measurementofthefuellevel.Thepressurisationsystemmustbeequippedwitha
pressuregaugeandnormalrunningpressuremustbeclearlymarkedonthegauge.
i) The standard fuel consumption measurement method for liquid fuels is by
volumetric replacement of the fuel consumed and temperature corrected fuel
(includingtemperaturecorrection).
29
j) The fuel consumption of gasoline and ethanol powered vehicles which have
achieved more than 1500 km/l (3528 mpg) in the past will be measured
gravimetrically. At the Start a Technical Inspector will fill the fuel system and then
theentirefuelsystem(includingtank,injector,pipes,carburettor)willbeweighed
on a precision balance. All these components must be compact and easily
detachable for weighing purposes.Aftercompletion of asuccessful run, theentire
fuel system will be deinstalled and weighed again on the same balance. This
handling of the fuel system, including mounting to and dismounting from the
vehicle and transporting it to the weighing room must be performed by a
competentteammemberwhohasavalidgarageaccesspass.Theentireprocessof
handlingthefuelsystem willbesupervisedbyaTechnicalInspector.Theweighing
will also be performed by a Technical Inspector and needs to be witnessed by a
TeamMember.
k) Fuelisavolatileproduct.Therefore,itisnotallowedtoartificiallyincreasethefuel
system temperature, which would lead to the formation of vapour locks.
Conversely, cooling or refrigeration of the fuel below ambient temperature is also
bi prohi ted.
Article63: Vehiclesusinghybridtechnology Article63: Vehiclesusinghybridtechnology
a) ASuperCapacitoristheonlyallowedenergystoragedeviceforhybridvehicles.The
useofanybatteryforthehybridpropulsionsystemisforbidden.
b) This capacitor must be the only source of stored energy for the electric motor
driving the vehicle. It must be electrically isolated from the vehicle accessory
battery(seeArticle57:f)).
c) Two connectors must be installed outside the vehicle to allow the voltage
measurementonthestartingline.
d) The state of charge of the Super Capacitor will be checked before and after each
runby measuringitsvoltage.Thevoltageregisteredaftertherunmustbeatleast
equal to the voltage registered before the run. In the event of the contrary, the
Super Capacitor must be recharged by running the engine until their voltage is
equal to the voltage registered before the run. The time required to recharge the
super capacitor by running the engine after the competition is added to the
recordedtimeoftherelevantrun.
e) As per Article 57:, an accessory battery can be used to power the selfstarter, the
ignition, the injector, the instrumentation, the horn and electronic management
systems.
f) The entire electric circuitry must be correctly fused to prevent overloading any of
itsparts.Thisfuseneedstobeclearlyidentifiedinthetechnicaldrawingsandeasily
and siblefortechnicalinspection.(See visible acces
Article64: Starter Article64: Starter
Article57:)
a) An electric starter may be used during the competition, provided that it can
operateonlywhentheignitionandfuelsystemsareactivated.
b) It must be clearly established that the starter is never capable of providing any
forwardpropulsiontothevehicle.(seealsoArticle34:Article34:d))
30
c) Starterlight:Aclearlyvisibleredindicatorlight,equivalentinitsluminescenceto
a21Wlightbulb,mustbeinstalledontherearofthevehicleandmustbeclearly
visible from both sides of the track in order to signal any operation of the started
motor.
d) IntheeventthatTrackMarshalsreporttherepeatedorintensiveuseoftheelectric
starter by a Team, the Organisers reserve the right to order an immediate
inspectionofthevehicleandtoinstallajoulemetertomeasurestarterenergyused.
Ifanynoncomplianceisobserved,theTeamwillbepenalisedaccordingly.
e) At the start, the starter and hence the starter light must be extinguished by the
time the rear wheel of the vehicle crosses the start line. Failing to comply will
invalidatetherunandcounttowardsthemaximumnumberofattempts.
4C - Electric Propulsion
Ar Article65: FuelCellPoweredVehicles ticle65: FuelCellPoweredVehicles
a) Fuelsystem
i) Thecompetitorsmustprovideadescriptionandaprecisetechnicaldrawingof
thefuelsupplysystem.
ii) Thefuelsystemmustbeeasilyaccessibleforinspectionandmeasurements.
iii) Thefuelcellmustrunbyitself.Theelectricityneededfortemperature
regulation,fan,compressor,electronicmanagementsystemforthefuelcell
andtheelectricmotormustbesuppliedbythefuelcellandnotbytheonboard
battery.
iv) Thehydrogensystemmustbedesignedasfollows:
H
2
cylinder Pressureregulatordirectly attached to the cylinder
Emergency shutdown valve directly attached to the outlet of the
pressureregulatorFlowmeterFuelCell
v) Theflowmetermustbefixedattheinletofthefuelcell.Bothmustbeatthe
samepressure.
b) Hydrogencylinders
i) FCpoweredvehiclemustuseacompressedhydrogencylinder,referredto
hereafterasacylinder,asprovidedbytheOrganisersduringtheentireevent.
Onlyonecylindermaybefittedtoavehicleatanytime.
ii) Cartridgesandanyothermeansofhydrogenstoragearenotpermitted.
iii) ForPrototypesvehicles,thefollowingcylinderswillbeprovided:
Europe: B04cylinder,0.4litreofhydrogenat200bar.
(7cm/33cm)1.4kg
Americas: Exchangecylinder~140bar
7X16(18cmx41cm),15lbs.(7kg)
31
Asia: CatalinaMDcylinder,2.9litreofhydrogen@139bar
(11.1cmx42.4cm),2.4kg
iv) ForUrbanConceptvehicles,thefollowingcylinderswillbeprovided:
Europe: B1cylinder,1litreofhydrogenat200bar.
(10cmx35cm)2.57kg
Americas: Exchangecylinder~140bar
7X16(18cmx41cm),15lbs.(7kg)
Asia: CatalinaMDcylinder,2.9litreofhydrogen@139bar
(11.1cmx42.4cm),2.4kg
v) CylindersmustbeinstalledonthevehicleunderthesupervisionofaFuel
Marshal.Participantsarenotallowedtokeepanycylindersintheirpossession
overnight.Uponarrivalatthecircuit,TeamManagersmustcontacttheFuel
Marshal,whowillorganiseallrelevantlogistics.
c) Ventilation
Thevehiclebodymustallowforventilationatthehighestpointofthefuelcell
compartment,providinganorificewithaminimumopeningof5cm.Another
5cm opening must be provided at the highest point of the driver
compartment.
d) Hydrogendetector
i) Ahydrogensensormustbeinstalledinthefuelcellcompartment,nearthe
mainventilationorificementionedabove.Thishydrogensensormustdrivethe
emergencyshutdownvalveandrelaymentionedbelow.Thetriplevelofthe
hydrogensensormustbetunedto25%oftheLEL(LowerExplosiveLimit)of
hydrogen,i.e.1%ofhydrogeninair.Atestwillbecarriedoutduringthe
technicalinspection.
ForcommercialFuelCellswithintegratedH
2
detectoritisstill
requiredtofitaH
2
sensorasdescribedabove.
ii) Theresetofthehydrogendetector,i.e.,thehydrogensensorandits
electronics,mustbedonemanuallyviaaswitchlocatedinthefuelcell
compartment.Thisswitchmustnotbeaccessiblebythepilotfromthecockpit.
e) Emergencyshutdownvalveandrelay
i) Thehydrogensupplycircuitmustbeequippedwithasolenoidemergency
shutdownvalve.Thisvalvemustbenormallyclosedintheabsenceof
electricity.
ii) Thepowersupplytothemotormustbeautomaticallycutoffatthesametime
astheaboveemergencyshutdownvalveisactivated.Thisistobeachievedby
asuitablefailsaferelay.
iii) Thisvalveandrelaymustbeactivatedbyanyofthefollowingthreescenarios:
1. Through hydrogen detection as explained above
2. Through the emergency push-button located on the outside of the vehicle.
A red arrow (on a white background) at least 10 cm long and 3 cm wide
must be positioned on the vehicle body to clearly indicate the place of this
emergency push-button. (Note: It must not be part of the detachable
bodywork used to allow driver access)
32
3. Through another emergency push-button, accessible by the pilot in driving
position.
iv) Incaseofactivationbyoneofthesethreescenarios,thevalveandrelaymust
actsimultaneously.
v) Thesethreescenarioswillbetestedduringthetechnicalinspectionandbefore
eachattempt.
f) Pipesandconnectionsofthehydrogencircuit
i) Inallcases,pipingandconnectorsofthehydrogencircuitmustbedesignedfor
hydrogenuse.TheTeamManagermustbeabletopresentduringthetechnical
inspectionthetechnicaldatasheetsfromthemanufacturerofthesepipingand
connectorstoshowthattheyaresuitableforhydrogenuse.
TheuseofPTFEpipesisrecommended.
ii) Ifthepressureinthehydrogencircuitishigherthan1.5barabsolute(=0.5bar
aboveatmosphericpressure)pipingmustbemadeofsteelandconnectors
mustbescrew/compressiontype.
iii) Ifthepressureinthehydrogencircuitislowerthan1.5barabsolute(=0.5bar
aboveatmosphericpressure)flexiblepipingandunscrewedconnectorsare
accepted.
iv) PTFE(Teflon)sealingtapemustnotbeusedbecauseitcandamagetheflow
meter.Inanycasecompetitorsareresponsiblefordamagetotheflowmeter
duetowrongconnections.
g) Purgepipe
Ifapurgepipeisneeded,itsendmustbelocatedoutsidethevehicle.
h) MeasurementsandEquivalencies
i) Theconsumptionofhydrogenismeasuredbyanembeddedflowmeter.The
flowmeterwillbechecked/calibratedbytheOrganisersbeforetechnical
inspections.
ii) TheflowmeterhastobepurchasedfromtheOrganisers.
iii) Thevolumeofhydrogenconsumedispostedinnormallitres.Thedisplayofthe
flowmetermustbeeasytoreadfromoutsidethevehicle,whenthevehicle
bodyisclosed.Itmustbeinaccessiblebythepilotinnormaldrivingposition.
i) Oxygenandairreserves
Theuseofnonreplacedoxygenorcompressedairreservesisforbidden.
j) SuperCapacitors
i) Ifanembeddedelectricstoragedeviceispartofthepowertrain,itmustbeof
capacitortype,referredtohereafterasSuperCapacitor.Othertypesof
embeddedelectricstoragedevice(Pb,NiMh,etc.batteries)areforbidden.
ii) Thestateofchargeofthesupercapacitorwillbecheckedbeforeandafter
eachrunbymeasuringthesupercapacitorvoltage.
33
iii) Thevoltageregisteredaftertherunmustbeatleastequaltothevoltage
registeredbeforetherun.Intheeventofthecontrary,thesupercapacitor
mustberechargedbyrunningthefuelcelluntiltheirvoltageisequaltothe
voltageregisteredbeforetherun.Theadditionaltimerequiredtorechargethe
supercapacitorbyrunningthefuelcellafterthecompetitionisaddedtothe
recordedtimeoftherelevantrun
iv) Themaximumsupercapacitorvoltagemustnotexceedthatreferencedin
Article57:a)
k) Externalstarterbattery
i) Anexternalbatterycanbeusedonthestartinglinetostartthefuelcell
system.Assoonasthevehiclestartstomove,thisbatterymustbeunplugged.
ii) Ifanexternalbatteryisused,twoconnectorsmustbeinstalledoutsidethe
vehicletoallowaquickconnectionandfuelcellsystemstartonthestarting
line.
iii) AsmentionedinArticle57:h)itismandatorytopowerthehydrogendetector
andthehornusingtheaccessorybattery.Thisbatterymustalsopowerthe
emergencyshutdownvalve,relayandlightingsystemforUrbanConcept
vehicles.
l) Electricalcircuit/Electronics
i) Allwiringassociatedwiththeaccessorybatterycircuitmustonlybeintwo
colours,positiveinorangeandnegativeinpurple.Allotherwiringusedmust
beinanyothercolourexceptorangeorpurple.
ii) Afusemustbeinstalledonthepositiveterminalofthefuelcellstack.Its
meltingcurrent(expressedinAmps)mustbelessthantheactivearea
(expressedinsquarecentimetres)ofonecellofthestack.Forinstance,ifthe
activesurfaceofonecellofa20cellstackis60cm,themeltingcurrentofthe
fusemustnotexceed60A.
iii) Ifasupercapacitorisusedinthecircuit,afusemustbeinstalledonthe
positiveterminalofthesupercapacitorpack.Thefuseratingmustbelessthan
orequaltothemaximumusablepowerdividedbytheratedvoltage.
m) Otherequipment
Compressors,fansandcoolersforthefuelcellsystemmustbepoweredbythe
e tbytheaccessorybattery).(Refer fu lcellorsupercapacitor(no
Article66: SolarPoweredVehicles Article66: SolarPoweredVehicles
Article57:i))
a) All vehicles must be equipped with two joulemeters, one to measure the electric
motor energy consumption, the other one the solar panel energy production.
Stickers,SOLARPANELandMOTORmustidentifythetwojoulemeters.
b) TheOrganisersprovidethesejoulemetersforthedurationoftheevent.Asecurity
depositmayberequiredforthejoulemeters.
c) The joulemeters must be positioned so that their display can be easily read from
outsidethevehicle.
d) The joulemeters must be inaccessible to the Driver in his or her normal driving
position.
34
e) Any types of batteries or Super Capacitor are permitted. The maximum voltage
present at any point in any circuit, whether the solar panel, battery, or super
capacitor must not be greater than that defined in Article 57:a). If a LithiumIon
battery is used, the vehicle must be equipped with a Battery Monitoring System
(BMS)tocontrolandprotectthebatteryagainstriskoffire.(SeeArticle57:b))
f) Batteries or Super Capacitor must be placed outside the drivers compartment
behindthebulkhead.
g) Onthestartingline,FuelMarshalswillresettozerothetwojoulemeters,andthen
the vehicles will have access to the track to start their attempt under the same
distanceandtimeconditionsasspecifiedfortheirrespectivevehicleclass.
h) Atthefinishline,FuelMarshalswillreadthetwojoulemeterdisplays.
i) All Solar vehicles which complete a successful run will be classified. Teams with a
positiveenergybalance(i.e.moreproducedthanconsumed)willbeclassifiedfirst,
inorderofascendingenergyconsumption,followedbyallvehicleswithanegative
energy consumption (i.e. more consumed than produced), again in order of
ascendingenergyconsumption.
j) AnadditionalaccessorybatteryasdefinedinArticle57:h)ispermitted.Itmustnot
be connected to the electric circuit(s) involving any power train components and
must only be used to power safety related components and those mentioned
ic specif allyinArticle57:h).
Article67: BatteryElectricVehicles Article67: BatteryElectricVehicles
a) Competitors will be able to participate with both Prototype and UrbanConcept
vehiclesinthiscategory.
b) The drive train in the Battery Only category is restricted to a maximum of one
electric storage device, and up to two electric motor(s), with associated control
units.
c) OnlyLithiumIonbatteriesarepermittedaselectricstoragedevices.
d) ThevehiclemustbeequippedwithaBatteryManagementSystem(BMS)tocontrol
andprotectthebatteryagainstriskoffireasdefinedinArticle57:.
e) The LithiumIon battery and any accessory circuits are subject to the maximum
voltagedefinedinArticle57:a)
f) Thecompetitorsmustprovideadescriptionandaprecisetechnicaldrawingoftheir
electricaldrivetrainwiththeapplication.
g) The competitors will be required to present electrical schematics at the
competitiontechnicalinspection.
h) The entire drive train including all circuit protection devices must be easily
accessibleforinspectionandmeasurements.
i) Batteries must be placed outside the drivers compartment behind the bulkhead
andsecurelymounted.(seeArticle27:)
j) All vehicles must be equipped with one joulemeter located between the battery
andthemotorcontroller(s)tomeasuretheelectricmotorenergyconsumption.
35
k) TheOrganiserswillprovidethisjoulemeterforthedurationoftheevent.Asecurity
depositmayberequiredforthejoulemeter.
36
l) The joulemeter must be positioned so that its display can be easily read from
outsidethevehicle.
m) The joulemeter must be inaccessible to the Driver in his or her normal driving
position.
n) AllelectricalcircuitsmustbeprotectedasdefinedinArticle57:d).
o) On the starting line, Fuel Marshals will reset the joulemeter to zero, and then the
vehicleswillhaveaccesstothetracktostarttheirattemptunderthesamedistance
andtimeconditionsasspecifiedfortheirrespectivevehicleclass.
p) Atthefinishline,FuelMarshalswillreadthejoulemeterdisplay.
q) All Battery Electric vehicles which complete a successful run will be classified in
ascendingorderofenergyconsumed,expressedinkm/kWh.
r) AnadditionalaccessorybatteryasdefinedinArticle57:h)ispermitted.Itmustnot
be connected to the electric circuit(s) involving any power train components and
must only be used to power safety related components and only those systems
mentionedspecificallyinArticle57:.
Attention Rule Changes in 2013 and 2014
AsalreadymentionedintheForewordbeginningwiththe2013ShellEcomarathonseason
theOfficialRuleswillencouragetheintegrationofaPV(photovoltaic)elementinthebody
ofBatteryElectricvehicles.Aswerealisethatchangeslikethistaketimetoimplementand
may impact many teams technology strategy, we decided to only move to such a
combinedSolarBatteryElectricclassin2013.
In order to increase ontrack safety and maximise track opportunities in urban
environments it is currently planned to set the maximum turning radius for Prototype
vehiclesinEuropeto10mbutthischangewillonlytakeeffectin2014.

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Official Rules 2012

Dear Shell Eco-marathon Competitors, Friends and Enthusiasts

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