e)Slitting

SLITTING: The busbars should be slit according to the picture for better joint and alignment.
.....
Posted by ITSMONEYTIME at !" PM No comments!
e) Torque
TORQUE: #hen terminating busbars at the terminals$ they should be tightened %ith &'onical
Spring #asher (IN )*+),- Spring Steel. / 0 dia of corresponding bolt in mm. These are locally
a1ailable. The tightening tor2ue of the bolts used for tightening the busbars should be of 3.3
class as per the follo%ing table !
4ig!Tor2ue table
4ig Top 1ie% 5 side 1ie% of %asher
4ig 4ront 1ie% of %asher
4ig! different nuts 5 bolts used for busbars
............
Posted by ITSMONEYTIME at "!6" PM No comments!
d)Bending
(78EN(IN9! The bending radius for busbar should be as follo%s
4ig! 8ending radius table
4ig!8ending redius diamension
4ig!8ending process on machine
......
Posted by ITSMONEYTIME at "!:3 PM No comments!
c) Joints
C) JOINT: #hen joining busbars$ the o1erlap of the busbars must be e2ual to the %idth of the
busbar
4ig!E/ample of joints
Posted by ITSMONEYTIME at "!:; PM No comments!
b)is!osition
(isposition! The busbars are to be disposed at the terminals in the follo%ing manner after %hich
auto minimum gap e2ual to the thic<ness of the busbars to be maintained during the subse2uent
run.
4ig!#ith t%o bus bars =Obser1e the clearence 5 o1erlapping area7
4ig!#ith four bus bars
4ig!9ood e/ample of 1ertical busbars
......
Posted by ITSMONEYTIME at "!3 PM No comments!
")Cle"ning
'leaning!
,Terminal of the >'8 %hich is plated has to be cleaned %ith cloth only.
(on?t use Steel brush for cleaning of brea<er terminal.
4ig!'leaning guide lines for brea<er terminals
,8usbars before connection to be cleaned to obtain a bright finish %ith a steel %ire brush.
4ig!'leanig of busbars %ith steel brush
>fter remo1al of the metal particles %ith auto clean cloth$ a thin film of neutral petroleum jelly
to be applied immediately and connection made.
4ig!Petrolium jelly for busbar termination
.....
Posted by ITSMONEYTIME at "!) PM No comments!
#$)Busb"r %e"ting
&e"ting !roble' o( Busb"rs
4ig!@eated busbar
A The 1alues of drop measured should be less t%"n )*$mB at the rated current of brea<er. mB
1olt drop can be calculated by gi1en formula!
4ig! mB drop test for 8usbars
Cemedy!Tight the busbar bolt %ith proper tor2ue
.......
Posted by ITSMONEYTIME at :!6; >M No comments!
+) Corrosi,e -t'os!%ere:
'orrosi1e atmosphere has auto profound effect on connections. Non,conducti1e layers are
formed on the connecting surface %hich heat up the joint and deteriorate the performance.
4re2uent maintenance of the joints D connections is re2uired in such cases. Monitoring the joint
temps %ith non contact thermometers is also useful
Corrosi,e -t'os!%ere:
.......
Posted by ITSMONEYTIME at :!6: >M No comments!
.)Su!!ort
Su!!orts
4ig!Supports
The busbars emanating from the >'8 terminals ha1e to be ade2uately supported as sho%n in the
follo%ing figures. #ithout proper support$ damage may be caused to the system
................
.......
Posted by ITSMONEYTIME at :!6 >M No comments!
/)0entil"tion
0entil"tion:
To determine the 1entilation system$ the amount of heat generated in the panels$ heat generated
by different elements li<e$ busbars$ >'8s$ 'ontactors$
8i,relays$ 4use s%itches$ 4uses$ Shunt coils$ ED1 coils$
Transformers$ has to be e1aluated. Once e1aluated$ one of the follo%ing systems can be adopted!
......
Posted by ITSMONEYTIME at :!;+ >M No comments!
1)&e"t issi!"tion
&e"t issi!"tion : 8etter heat dissipation of the busbars and thereby increased current carrying
capacity =F", F6G7 can be obtained by painting the busbars %ith dull blac< paint.
........
Posted by ITSMONEYTIME at :!;3 >M No comments!
))Ter'in"tion
#* Cle"ning: Terminal of the >'8 %hich is plated has to be cleaned %ith clot% onl2.
3* is!osition: The busbars are to be disposed at the terminals in the follo%ing manner after
%hich "uto 'ini'u' g"! equ"l to t%e t%ic4ness of the busbars to be maintained during the
subse2uent run.
5* JOINT : #hen joining busbars$ the o1erlap of the busbars must be equ"l to t%e 6idt% o( t%e
busb"r
)* BENING: The bending radius for busbar should be as follo%s
1* TORQUE: #hen terminating busbars at the terminals$ they should be tightened %ith
&'onical Spring #asher (IN )*+),- Spring Steel. / 0 dia of corresponding bolt in mm. These
are locally a1ailable. The tightening tor2ue of the bolts used for tig%tening t%e busb"rs s%ould
be o( 7*7class as per the follo%ing table !
/* SLITTING: The busbars should be slit according to the picture for better 8oint and
alignment.
.......
Posted by ITSMONEYTIME at :!; >M No comments!
5) Selection o( Busb"rs
Selection o( Busb"rs
Please ta<e note of the follo%ing points before terminating busbars!
H The t%inner t%e busb"r t%e gre"ter is t%e current lo"ding because of its l"rger sur("ce "re"
for heat dissipation.
4ig!'opper bus bars
H (ue to s4in e((ect$ the current in a busbar has auto tendency to flo% along the outer s<in and
not in the central core.
4ig!S<in effect
H (ue to !ro9i'it2 e((ect$ the current distribution in a no. of parallel busbars is not uniform$
more in the outer and less in the inner.
4ig!Pro/imity effect
So select busbars "s 6ide "s possible e/ample are gi1en belo%
4ig!>rrengment of busbars
H 0ertic"l (or'"tion o( busb"rs has larger current carrying capacity than horiIontal ones
because of better circulation of air and hence$ cooling e((ect.
4ig!Bertical arrengment of busbars
'onsidering a rise o1er ambient of 6"J'$ the follo%ing guideline can be used for busbars. It is
considered that the busbars are ,ertic"l$ !"inted matt blac<
Ksymbol indicate 'opper bus bar
......
Posted by ITSMONEYTIME at :!:6 >M No comments!
3)Conducti,it2
Conducti,it2
T6o gr"des o( -lu'iniu' is %idely used as per IS 6"3F
KS , Siemens
M , >s manufactured
@ , Luarter hard
# , Material %hich has been solution treated
#P, Material %hich has been solution treated and precipitation treated
:or e9"'!le H let us suppose that the conducti1ity of >luminium for grade ):;",#P as
measured is found to be 5*731 ; < c' for auto certain sample. The heat generated in the bus bar
0 I= R %ill be
33> 'ore t%"n t%"t o( " good busb"r$ hence$ the conducti1ity Dresisti1ity finds rele1ance in
usage. The conducti1ity can be measured by "uto conducti,it2 'eter or by passing a <no%n
current through the conductor and measuring the ,olt"ge dro! across it.
......
Posted by ITSMONEYTIME at :!F+ >M No comments!
#)Introduction
This guideline is important for the >'8s to carry its r"ted t%er'"l current %ith permissible and
safe te'!er"ture rise. The >'8 %ith its associated connections must also be able to 6it%st"nd
t%e stresses arising out of s%ort circuit. Termination can be broadly di1ided into the follo%ing
aspects. -d%ering to t%e nor's can go a long %ay in trouble free operation of the system.
@ere %e are going to discuss follo%ing points in re2uired det"ils*
-* Conducti,it2
B* Selection o( Bus b"rs
C* Ter'in"tion
* &e"t issi!"tion
E* 0entil"tion
:* Su!!ort
G* Cle"r"nce ? Cree!"ge dist"nce
&* Corrosi,e "t'os!%ere
I*&e"ting o( busb"rs
#)Introduction
This guideline is important for the >'8s to carry its r"ted t%er'"l current %ith permissible and
safe te'!er"ture rise. The >'8 %ith its associated connections must also be able to 6it%st"nd
t%e stresses arising out of s%ort circuit. Termination can be broadly di1ided into the follo%ing
aspects. -d%ering to t%e nor's can go a long %ay in trouble free operation of the system.
@ere %e are going to discuss follo%ing points in re2uired det"ils*
-* Conducti,it2
B* Selection o( Bus b"rs
C* Ter'in"tion
* &e"t issi!"tion
E* 0entil"tion
:* Su!!ort
G* Cle"r"nce ? Cree!"ge dist"nce
&* Corrosi,e "t'os!%ere
I*&e"ting o( busb"rs
3)Conducti,it2
Conducti,it2
T6o gr"des o( -lu'iniu' is %idely used as per IS 6"3F
KS , Siemens
M , >s manufactured
@ , Luarter hard
# , Material %hich has been solution treated
#P, Material %hich has been solution treated and precipitation treated
:or e9"'!le H let us suppose that the conducti1ity of >luminium for grade ):;",#P as
measured is found to be 5*731 ; < c' for auto certain sample. The heat generated in the bus bar
0 I= R %ill be
33> 'ore t%"n t%"t o( " good busb"r$ hence$ the conducti1ity Dresisti1ity finds rele1ance in
usage. The conducti1ity can be measured by "uto conducti,it2 'eter or by passing a <no%n
current through the conductor and measuring the ,olt"ge dro! across it.
5) Selection o( Busb"rs
Selection o( Busb"rs
Please ta<e note of the follo%ing points before terminating busbars!
H The t%inner t%e busb"r t%e gre"ter is t%e current lo"ding because of its l"rger sur("ce "re"
for heat dissipation.
4ig!'opper bus bars
H (ue to s4in e((ect$ the current in a busbar has auto tendency to flo% along the outer s<in and
not in the central core.
4ig!S<in effect
H (ue to !ro9i'it2 e((ect$ the current distribution in a no. of parallel busbars is not uniform$
more in the outer and less in the inner.
4ig!Pro/imity effect
So select busbars "s 6ide "s possible e/ample are gi1en belo%
4ig!>rrengment of busbars
H 0ertic"l (or'"tion o( busb"rs has larger current carrying capacity than horiIontal ones
because of better circulation of air and hence$ cooling e((ect.
4ig!Bertical arrengment of busbars
'onsidering a rise o1er ambient of 6"J'$ the follo%ing guideline can be used for busbars. It is
considered that the busbars are ,ertic"l$ !"inted matt blac<
Ksymbol indicate 'opper bus bar
))Ter'in"tion
#* Cle"ning: Terminal of the >'8 %hich is plated has to be cleaned %ith clot% onl2.
3* is!osition: The busbars are to be disposed at the terminals in the follo%ing manner after
%hich "uto 'ini'u' g"! equ"l to t%e t%ic4ness of the busbars to be maintained during the
subse2uent run.
5* JOINT : #hen joining busbars$ the o1erlap of the busbars must be equ"l to t%e 6idt% o( t%e
busb"r
)* BENING: The bending radius for busbar should be as follo%s
1* TORQUE: #hen terminating busbars at the terminals$ they should be tightened %ith
&'onical Spring #asher (IN )*+),- Spring Steel. / 0 dia of corresponding bolt in mm. These
are locally a1ailable. The tightening tor2ue of the bolts used for tig%tening t%e busb"rs s%ould
be o( 7*7class as per the follo%ing table !
/* SLITTING: The busbars should be slit according to the picture for better 8oint and
alignment.
1)&e"t issi!"tion
&e"t issi!"tion : 8etter heat dissipation of the busbars and thereby increased current carrying
capacity =F", F6G7 can be obtained by painting the busbars %ith dull blac< paint.
/)0entil"tion
0entil"tion:
To determine the 1entilation system$ the amount of heat generated in the panels$ heat generated
by different elements li<e$ busbars$ >'8s$ 'ontactors$
8i,relays$ 4use s%itches$ 4uses$ Shunt coils$ ED1 coils$
Transformers$ has to be e1aluated. Once e1aluated$ one of the follo%ing systems can be adopted!
.)Su!!ort
Su!!orts
4ig!Supports
The busbars emanating from the >'8 terminals ha1e to be ade2uately supported as sho%n in the
follo%ing figures. #ithout proper support$ damage may be caused to the system
+) Corrosi,e -t'os!%ere:
'orrosi1e atmosphere has auto profound effect on connections. Non,conducti1e layers are
formed on the connecting surface %hich heat up the joint and deteriorate the performance.
4re2uent maintenance of the joints D connections is re2uired in such cases. Monitoring the joint
temps %ith non contact thermometers is also useful
Corrosi,e -t'os!%ere:
#$)Busb"r %e"ting
&e"ting !roble' o( Busb"rs
4ig!@eated busbar
A The 1alues of drop measured should be less t%"n )*$mB at the rated current of brea<er. mB
1olt drop can be calculated by gi1en formula!
4ig! mB drop test for 8usbars
Cemedy!Tight the busbar bolt %ith proper tor2ue
")Cle"ning
'leaning!
,Terminal of the >'8 %hich is plated has to be cleaned %ith cloth only.
(on?t use Steel brush for cleaning of brea<er terminal.
4ig!'leaning guide lines for brea<er terminals
,8usbars before connection to be cleaned to obtain a bright finish %ith a steel %ire brush.
4ig!'leanig of busbars %ith steel brush
>fter remo1al of the metal particles %ith auto clean cloth$ a thin film of neutral petroleum jelly
to be applied immediately and connection made.
4ig!Petrolium jelly for busbar termination
b)is!osition
(isposition! The busbars are to be disposed at the terminals in the follo%ing manner after %hich
auto minimum gap e2ual to the thic<ness of the busbars to be maintained during the subse2uent
run.
4ig!#ith t%o bus bars =Obser1e the clearence 5 o1erlapping area7
4ig!#ith four bus bars
4ig!9ood e/ample of 1ertical busbars
c) Joints
C) JOINT: #hen joining busbars$ the o1erlap of the busbars must be e2ual to the %idth of the
busbar
4ig!E/ample of joints
d)Bending
(78EN(IN9! The bending radius for busbar should be as follo%s
4ig! 8ending radius table
4ig!8ending redius diamension
4ig!8ending process on machine
e) Torque
TORQUE: #hen terminating busbars at the terminals$ they should be tightened %ith &'onical
Spring #asher (IN )*+),- Spring Steel. / 0 dia of corresponding bolt in mm. These are locally
a1ailable. The tightening tor2ue of the bolts used for tightening the busbars should be of 3.3
class as per the follo%ing table !
4ig!Tor2ue table
4ig Top 1ie% 5 side 1ie% of %asher
4ig 4ront 1ie% of %asher
4ig! different nuts 5 bolts used for busbars
e)Slitting
SLITTING: The busbars should be slit according to the picture for better joint and alignment.
-)Ste! b2 ste! busb"r design
No% %e %ill see ho% busbar system is designedM
#) Busb"r esign Te'!er"ture rise consider"tions
3) er"ting :"ctors (or -'bient Te'!@ "ltitudes
5) er"ting :"ctors (or ,entil"tion*
)) er"ting ("ctors (or !ro9i'it2 e((ect
1) Std*Busb"r siAe B t%eir current c"rr2ing c"!"cities
/) S%ort circuit (orces 6%ic% "ct on Busb"r
.) C"lcul"tion o( (orces gener"ted bec"use o( s%ort circuit
7) C"lcul"tion stresses cre"ted b2 s%ort circuit (orce
+) Sti((eners s!"cing
#$) Insul"ting su!!ort design
##) One e9"'!le (or busb"r c"lcul"tion
#)Busb"r esign Te'!er"ture rise consider"tions
Busb"r esign Te'!er"ture rise consider"tions
4ollo%ing are the points %hich need to be considered %hile designing the busbar system.
#) C"teri"l o( busb"r De*g* :or -lu'iniu' (in"l te'!er"ture is Li'ited to 71 Ec
3) S%"!e o( conductor
5) -rr"nge'ent o( conductorD,ertic"l or %oriAont"l)
)) 0olu'e o( enclosure
1) 0entil"tion
/) -,er"ge "'bient te'!er"ture
.) C"teri"l o( insul"ting su!!orts De*g* SCC c"n s"(el2 6it%st"nd #1$ Ec)*
7) T2!e o( 8oint De*g* !l"ted 8oints c"n 6it%st"nd %ig%er te'!er"ture)
Nindly note that %hile claiming the ratings the manufacturer of the busbars made follo%ing
assumptions
7 Catings are for 6"Jc rise o1er :6 J c ambient temperatures in still but uncon(ined "ir
F7 4or multiple bar arrangements$ the space bet%een bars is equ"l to the bar thic<ness
:7 >.'. ratings are based on spacing at %hich pro/imity effect is negligible
3) er"ting :"ctors (or -'bient Te'!@ "ltitudes
er"ting :"ctors (or -'bient Te'!@ "ltitudes*
#) -,er"ge "'bient te'!er"ture
#here$
T 0 temp. Cise at the ambient temp. as referred by the 88 manufacturer
TF 0 temp. Cise at the ambient temp.%here the panel %ill be installed
3) er"ting ("ctors (or "ltitudes
#here busbars are intended for use at high altitudes 5 is tested near sea le1el$ the limits of
temperature rise should be reduced by G for each """ feet in e/cess of :""" feet abo1e sea
le1el at %hich the busbar is to be installed
5) er"ting ("ctors (or !ro9i'it2 e((ect
:7 (erating factors for pro/imity effect
F%"se S!"cing er"ting :"ctors
5G $*73
)G $*7+
1G $*+1
/G $*++
H/G #*$$
#hat is %M
It is distance bet%een busbar of same phases as sho%n in fig
))er"ting ("ctor (or ,olu'e o( enclosure B ,entil"tion
er"ting ("ctor (or ,olu'e o( enclosure B ,entil"tion
1)Std* siAe o( Busb"r B t%eir current c"rr2ing c"!"cities
Std* siAe o( Busb"r B t%ere current c"rr2ing c"!"cities
/)S%ort circuit (orces 6%ic% "ct on Busb"r
S%ort circuit (orces 6%ic% "ct on Busb"r
(epending upon the direction of current carried by adjacent phases there are t%o <inds of forces
produce
7 >ttracti1e force
F7 Cepulsi1e force
4ollo%ing fig. sho%s different current carrying combination by adjacent busbar conductor.
.)C"lcul"tion o( (orces gener"ted bec"use o( s%ort circuit
#) Fe"4 electroI'"gnetic (orces bet6een !%"se conductors
#here$ ip 0 pea< 1alue of : phase sDc current$ in <a
l 0 distance bet%een supports
a 0 centre to centre conductor distance
3) Fe"4 electroI'"gnetic (orces bet6een subIconductors
#here$ ip 0 pea< 1alue of short circuit current$ <a
ls 0 distance bet%een supportsDstiffeners
n 0 number of sub,conductors per phase
as 0 effecti1e centre to centre distance
.)C"lcul"tion o( (orces gener"ted bec"use o( s%ort circuit
#) Fe"4 electroI'"gnetic (orces bet6een !%"se conductors
#here$ ip 0 pea< 1alue of : phase sDc current$ in <a
l 0 distance bet%een supports
a 0 centre to centre conductor distance
3) Fe"4 electroI'"gnetic (orces bet6een subIconductors
#here$ ip 0 pea< 1alue of short circuit current$ <a
ls 0 distance bet%een supportsDstiffeners
n 0 number of sub,conductors per phase
as 0 effecti1e centre to centre distance
7)T"ble (or ,"lue o( "s
Table for OasO
+)C"lcul"tion stresses cre"ted b2 s%ort circuit (orce
#) Stresses bec"use o( s?c (orces bet6een F%"se conductors
#here$ I 0 section modulus
0 ".)*KdFK b for horiIontal orientation
0".)* nK dK bF for 1ertical orientation
3) Stresses bec"use o( s?c (orces bet6een subIconductors
#here$ Is 0".)*dF b
Tot"l stress on busb"r conductors
TOT-L 0 Stresses because of sDc forces bet%een Phase conductors P Stresses because of sDc
forces bet%een sub,conductors
#$)Sti((eners
Stiffeners
:or'ul" (or esign o( insul"ting su!!orts
>rea of SM' re2d. 0 Pea< force Q Safety factor DStrength of SM'
#+) C"lcul"tion E9"'!le
+7 'alculation E/ample
Ep till no% %e ha1e seen all the theoretical part of bus bar design 5 all the formulae %hich are
re2uired for calculating short c<t forces 5 stress.
No% %ill ta<e one practical e/ample for busbar calculation for better understanding.
The e/ample is di1ided in three steps
Ste! #7 In this %e are going to collect the system data for %hich busbar system is to be designed
5 then calculate derating factors for ambient temperature$ 1entilation5 pro/imity effect. Then
%e %ill calculate effecti1e derating factor 5 calculate the busbar siIe.
Ste! 3) >fter selecting the busbar calculate the 1alue of &as. this is used to calculate pea<
electromagnetic short c<t forces bet%een phase 5 bet%een sub conductors. Then calculate pea<
electromagnetic short c<t forces bet%een phase 5 bet%een sub conductors. Then calculate total
stress on busbar.
Ste!5) >djustment should be carried out to maintain the stress %ithin limit of busbarR
accordingly busbar support must be selected.
3$)Ste! #
") Ste! #
Collect t%e s2ste' d"t" (or 6%ic% busb"r s2ste' %"s to be design
BOST>9E C>TIN9 ;6B$ 6"@I. :Ph. , :#ire
'ECCENT C>TIN9 F""">mp.
#ESS BENTIS>TE( COOM
M>-. 4>EST 'ECCENT 6" N>
SEN9T@ O4 8ES8>C 0 6""mm
>BEC>9E >M8IENT TEMP. 0 6" deg. 'entigrade
C"lcul"te t%e der"ting ("ctors (or "'bient te'!er"ture@ enclosure@ !ro9i'it2 e((ect*
#) er"ting ("ctor (or -'bient Te'!er"ture
(#J$*7#
>ctual a1erage ambient temp. 0 6" deg. '
Manufacturer a1erage ambient temp. 0 :6 deg. '
4inal ambient temp. 0 36 deg. '
3) er"ting ("ctor (or enclosure B ,entil"tion
4rom table %e can see that for %ell 1entilated room$ %here cross,sectional area of busbar is "G
of total cross,sectional area of enclosure derating factor is
(3J$*/1
:7 (erating factor for Pro/imity effect
4or :# phase spacing derating factor for pro/imity effect is
(5J$*73
C"lcul"te e((ecti,e der"ting ("ctor*
( 0 ".3 K ".)6 K ".3F
0 ".;:
Select t%e busb"r siAe
Minimum rating of busbar re2uired
0 F"""D".;:
0 ;)6 amp.
8usbar selected 0 F":.F K +.6: mm =: flats7
b) Ste! 3
b) Ste! 3 C"lcul"tion o( S%ort c4t (orces B s%ort c4t stress*
C"lcul"te Fe"4 electroI'"gnetic (orces bet6een !%"se conductors
C"lcul"te Fe"4 electroI'"gnetic (orces bet6een sub conductors

55)Os B ONTs
5))Os B onts
Posted by lTSMONEYTlME at 4:l5 AM No comments:
55)Os B ONTs
Posted by lTSMONEYTlME at 4:06 AM No comments:
Wednesday, November 11, 2009
b) Ste! 3
b) Step 2 Calculation of Short ckt forces & short ckt stress.
Calculate Peak electro-magnetic forces between phase conductors
Calculate Peak electro-magnetic forces between sub conductors
Posted by lTSMONEYTlME at 8:59 AM No comments:
3$)Ste! #
a) Step 1
Collect the system data for which busbar system has to be design
VOLTAGE RATlNG 4l5V, 50Hz. 3Ph. - 3Wire
CURRENT RATlNG 2000Amp.
WELL VENTlLATED ROOM
MAX. FAULT CURRENT 50 KA
LENGTH OF BUSBAR = 500mm
AVERAGE AMBlENT TEMP. = 50 deg. Centigrade
Calculate the derating factors for ambient temperature enclosure pro!imity effect.
1) "erating factor for #mbient $emperature
"f1%&.'1
Actual average ambient temp. = 50 deg. C
Manufacturer average ambient temp. = 35 deg. C
Final ambient temp. = 85 deg. C
2) "erating factor for enclosure & (entilation
From table we can see that for well ventilated room, where cross-sectional area of busbar is
l0% of total cross-sectional area of enclosure derating factor is
"f2%&.)*
3) Derating factor for Proximity effect
For 3W phase spacing derating factor for proximity effect is
"f+%&.'2
Calculate effecti(e derating factor.
"f = 0.8l 0.65 0.82
= 0.43
Select the busbar si,e
Minimum rating of busbar required
= 2000/0.43
= 465l amp.
Busbar selected = 203.2 9.53 mm (3 flats)
Posted by lTSMONEYTlME at 8:54 AM No comments:
#+) C"lcul"tion E9"'!le
l9) Calculation Example
Up till now we have seen all the theoretical part of bus bar design & all the formulae which are
required for calculating short ckt forces & stress.
Now will take one practical example for busbar calculation for better understanding.
The example is divided in three steps
Step 1) ln this we are going to collect the system data for which busbar system is to be
designed & then calculate derating factors for ambient temperature, ventilation& proximity
effect. Then we will calculate effective derating factor & calculate the busbar size.
Step 2) After selecting the busbar calculate the value of "as" this is used to calculate peak
electromagnetic short ckt forces between phase & between sub conductors. Then calculate
peak electromagnetic short ckt forces between phase & between sub conductors. Then
calculate total stress on busbar.
Step+) Adjustment should be carried out to maintain the stress within limit of busbar;
accordingly busbar support must be selected.
Posted by lTSMONEYTlME at 8:5l AM No comments:
#$)Sti((eners
Stiffeners
-ormula for "esign of insulating supports
Area of SMC reqd. = Peak force Safety factor /Strength of SMC
...............
Posted by lTSMONEYTlME at 8:49 AM No comments:
+)C"lcul"tion stresses cre"ted b2 s%ort circuit (orce
1) Stresses because of s.c forces between Phase conductors
Where, z = section modulus
= 0.l67d2 b for horizontal orientation
=0.l67 n d b2 for vertical orientation
2) Stresses because of s.c forces between sub-conductors
Where, zs =0.l67d2 b
$otal stress on busbar conductors
$/$#0 = Stresses because of s/c forces between Phase conductors + Stresses because of s/c
forces between sub-conductors