The compounds in biological membranes that form a barrier to the movement of materials across the membrane are a.

transmembrane proteins. b. carbohydrates. c. lipids. d. nucleic acids. e. peripheral membrane proteins

Save Answer A patient is brought to the hospital severely dehydrated. An IV of normal saline is started immediately. Why doesn't the doctor order an IV of distilled water instead?

a. An IV of distilled water would cause water to leave the cells causing them to collapse. b. The patient needs the nutrients available in normal saline. c. An IV of distilled water would cause blood cells to swell and eventually burst. d. !ormal saline is more economical than pure water. e. The distilled water may be contaminated by bacteria.

Save Answer Which of the following is not found in plant cells"

a. actin

b. mitochondria c. respiration d. !a# $#%AT&ase e. 'olgi apparatus

Save Answer Transmembrane proteins of the plasma membrane may"

a. contain a(ueous channels b. have covalently attached carbohydrate side chains c. act as signal receptors d. bind cytos)eletal proteins e. all of the above

Save Answer &rotein channels which open transiently in response to chemical or electrical signals to allow ions to diffuse across a membrane are described as"

a. ion carriers b. gated c. active d. primary transporters e. none of the above

Save Answer *or cells in which carbon dio+ide crosses the plasma membrane by simple diffusion what determines the rate at which carbon dio+ide enters the cell?

a. The concentration of carbon dio+ide on each side of the membrane b. The amount of AT& produced by the cell c. The number of carrier proteins in the membrane d. The amount of energy available e. The concentration of hydrogen ions on each side of the membrane

Save Answer Which of the following is false? A membrane

a. allows lateral diffusion of phospholipids b. contains fatty acid chains c. contains cholesterol d. includes polypeptide chains usually in alpha%helical form e. is impermeable to o+ygen

Save Answer The plasma membranes of winter wheat are able to remain fluid when it is e+tremely cold by

a. increasing the number of cholesterol molecules present. b. closing protein channels.

c. decreasing the number of hydrophobic proteins present. d. replacing saturated fatty acids with unsaturated fatty acids. e. using fatty acids with longer tails.

Save Answer ,ou place cells in a solution of glucose and measure the rate at which glucose enters the cells. As you increase the concentration of the glucose solution the rate increases. -owever when the glucose concentration of the solution is increased above ./ 0 the rate no longer increases. Which of the following is the most li)ely mechanism for glucose transport into the cell?

a. *acilitated diffusion via a channel protein b. *acilitated diffusion via a carrier protein c. Simple diffusion d. 1ndocytosis e. none of the above

Save Answer The 232 receptor is a protein that crosses the plasma membrane with portions of the protein e+tending both outside and into the interior of the cell. The amino acid side chains in the region of the protein that crosses the membrane are most li)ely to be

a. charged. b. hydrophilic. c. hydrophobic. d. carbohydrates. e. lipids.

The ability of atoms to combine with other atoms is determined by

a. the atom's atomic weight. b. the number and distribution of electrons. c. the atom's ability to form isomers. d. the atom's nucleus. e. the p-

Save Answer The optimum p- for growing strawberries is 4.5 whereas the optimum p- for growing blueberries is 6.5. Therefore the number of hydrogen ions needed to grow blueberries is 7777777 the number needed for strawberries.

a. 8 times b. ./ times c. .// times d. ./// times e. .////// times

Save Answer Which of the following statements is false? Typically a wea) acid in a watery solution

a. dissociates reversibly b. dissociates into a base and a -# ion

c. can act as a buffer d. can act as a buffer without adding its corresponding wea) base e. none of the above

Save Answer 1(ual volumes of watery solutions with the same p-

a. contain the same number of protons b. contain the same number of !a# ions c. contain the same number of water molecules d. contain solutes of the same weight e. a and c

Save Answer An element has a weight of .9..9. The reason the number includes /.9 is that

a. the atomic weight includes the weight of electrons. b. atomic weight is the average of the mass numbers of all its isotopes. c. the neutrons do not have a single unit weight. d. the atomic weight does not include the weight of protons. e. the number of electrons may vary.

Save Answer Which of the following molecules is insoluble in water?

a. !a:l b. -9:%:-9 c. -9:%:;;d. -9:%:-8%;e. none of the above

Save Answer Which of the following is the correct order for the relative strengths of chemical bonds<interactions in decreasing order?

a. hydrogen covalent hydrophobic b. covalent hydrogen hydrophobic c. hydrophobic covalent hydrogen d. hydrogen hydrophobic covalent e. covalent hydrophobic hydrogen

If various organelles of the cell are represented by letters as" a" 'olgi apparatus b" Vesicles c" 1ndoplasmic reticulum d" =ibosomes e" !ucleus which of the following represents the path followed by a secreted protein starting from its assembly from amino acids.

a. edcab b. dcbab c. dbabc

d. decba e. dbcb

Save Answer The 'olgi apparatus

a. is found only in animals. b. is found in pro)aryotes. c. is the appendage that moves a cell around in its environment. d. pac)ages and modifies proteins. e. is a site of rapid AT& production.

Save Answer Which of the following structures of a cell is typically present in the largest number per cell?

a. vacuole b. chromosome c. ribosome d. 'olgi apparatus e. flagellum

Save Answer What is the function of the folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane?

a. They increase the volume of the inner mitochondrial matri+. b. They create new membrane%bounded compartments within the mitochondrion. c. They increase the surface area to accomodate respiratory en>ymes. d. They anchor more of the mitochondrial 3!A. e. The folds have no )nown purpose.

Save Answer A newly synthesi>ed polypeptide chain that is attached together with a ribosome and the m=!A to the endoplasmic reticulum ?1=@ is li)ely to

a. be inserted into the membrane of the 1= or move across the membrane into the 1= lumen b. have a signal se(uence in the first 8/%9/ amino acids c. become a glycoprotein with carbohydrate side chains d. pass through the 'olgi apparatus e. all of the above

Save Answer Which of the following organelles is common to plant and animal cells?

a. chloroplasts b. cellulose cell wall c. vacuole d. mitochondria

e. none of the above

Save Answer Which of the following cellular organelles does !;T ta)e part in the transfer of membrane vesicles from one organelle to another?

a. lysosome b. cell membrane c. mitochondrion d. endoplasmic reticulum e. 'olgi apparatus

Save Answer :ilia or eu)aryotic flagella contain

a. microtubules b. actin filaments c. intermediate filaments d. ribosomes e. plasmodesmata

Save Answer 2ysosomes are important to eu)aryotic cells because they contain

a. photosynthetic pigments.

b. starch molecules for energy storage. c. their own 3!A molecules. d. the cell's waste materials. e. digestive en>ymes.

Save Answer Which of the following statements about microtubules is !;T correct?

a. They mediate amoeboid migration. b. They can rapidly change in length by addition or removal of subunits c. They form trac)s along which particles can be transported d. They help to determine the shape of a cell e. They ta)e part in mitosis

Save Answer If not prevented solutes could move from the gut to the blood by diffusing through the spaces between the epithelial cells. Which of the following prevents materials from crossing an epithelial layer of cells in this way?

a. coated pits on the surfaces of cells b. adherens Aunctions between the cells c. gap Aunctions between the cells d. the e+tracellular matri+ around the cells e. tight Aunctions between the cells

1. ?&oints" .@

In photosynthesis the first product of :;8 fi+ation 9%phosphoglycerate is reduced to the 9%carbon sugar glyceraldehyde 9%phosphate. Why does this reaction stop if cells are placed in the dar)?

a. It re(uires :;8 b. It re(uires ;8 c. It re(uires AT& and !A3&d. :hlorophyll is not synthesi>ed in the dar) e. The en>yme is directly activated by light

Save Answer

2. ?&oints" .@

Which of the following statement?s@ about photorespiration is ?are@ true?

a. &hotorespiration is a metabolically e+pensive pathway. b. &hotorespiration is avoided when carbon dio+ide is abundant. c. &hotorespiration re(uires AT&. d. All of the above. e. A and B.

Save Answer

3. ?&oints" .@

Which of the following is false?

a. ;f the pigments contributing to light energy capture in photosynthesis only chlorophyll a is involved in an o+idation%reduction reaction. b. Accessory pigments such as carotene transfer electrons to chlorophylls. c. 3ifferent pigments can absorb photons of different energies. d. :hlorophyll a can absorb photons of different energies. e. A photon of blue light has more energy than a photon of red light.

Save Answer

4. ?&oints" .@

Since plant material leaves relatively little ash when burned it appears that most of the material of a plant consists of organic compounds derived from photosynthesis. The dry weight of a tree ?i.e. the weight after oven drying to remove water from the tissues@ was estimated to increase by about .// )g over a 5%year period of growth. Which of the following statements about this phenomenon is most correct?

a. The soil in which the tree was growing lost about .// )g in dry weight during that time. b. 0ost of the gained dry weight came from the water applied to the plant during that time. c. 0ost of the gained weight came from the o+ygen molecules assimilated from the atmosphere. d. 0ost of the gained weight came from the :;8 assimilated during that time. e. none of the above

Save Answer

5. ?&oints" .@

Based on its molecular structure a chlorophyll molecule can absorb photons in two distinct energy bands. The fact that there are two possible energy levels in an e+cited molecule of chlorophyll causes or e+plains"

a. photosystems I and II b. the :alvin cycle c. the two pea)s in the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll d. synthesis of AT& and !A3&e. :;8 fi+ation

Save Answer

6. ?&oints" .@

Why are the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll a and the action spectrum of photosynthesis not identical?

a. Accessory pigments contribute energy to drive photosynthesis. b. :hlorophyll a absorbs both red and blue light. c. :hlorophyll a reflects green light. d. 3ifferent wavelengths of light have different energies. e. :hlorophyll a can be activated by absorbing a photon of light.

Save Answer

7. ?&oints" .@

In noncyclic photophosphorylation electrons from which source replenish chlorophyll molecules that have given up electrons?

a. carbon dio+ide b. water c. !A3&- # -# d. gaseous o+ygen e. none of the above

Save Answer

8. ?&oints" .@

&hotosynthesis and respiration have which of the following in common?

a. In eu)aryotes both processes reside in speciali>ed organelles. b. AT& synthesis in both processes relies on the chemiosmotic mechanism. c. Both use electron transport. d. Both produce sugars. e. A B and :.

Save Answer

1. (Points: 1)

The polymers cellulose and starch differ in

a. the types of monosaccharide subunits composing them b. the presence or absence of side groups such as -NH2 or -H2P ! c. the manner in "hich the subunits are lin#ed together d. the type of cell in "hich they are synthesi$ed e. all of the abo%e

&a%e 'ns"er

2. (Points: 1)

Hydrogen bonds are important in maintaining the structure of

a. the double heli( of )N' b. an alpha heli( of a protein c. a beta pleated sheet structure of a protein d. cellulose e. all of the abo%e

&a%e 'ns"er

*. (Points: 1)

The molecular formula for glucose is +,H12 ,. -hat "ould be the molecular formula for maltose. "hich consists of t"o glucose molecules lin#ed together/

a. +12H2! 12 b. +,H12 , c. +12H22 11 d. +12H2, 1* e. +12H20 10

&a%e 'ns"er

!. (Points: 1)

The follo"ing formula represents a dipeptide formed by 1oining together t"o amino acids. 2f this molecule is hydroly$ed. indicate "hich bond (a. b. c. d. e) is bro#en

a. a b. b c. c d. d e. e

&a%e 'ns"er

3. (Points: 1)

-hich interaction of side chains (or 4 groups) is N T in%ol%ed in maintaining the three-dimensional structure of a protein/

a. Hydrogen bonding bet"een polar side chains b. +o%alent bonding bet"een nitrogen-containing side chains c. +o%alent bonding bet"een sulfur-containing side chains d. Hydrophobic interactions bet"een non-polar side chains e. 2onic bonding bet"een charged side chains

&a%e 'ns"er

,. (Points: 1)

The t"o ring forms of glucose (alpha and beta)

a. are made from different linear structural isomers of glucose b. arise from different linear glucose molecules c. differ in the "ay t"o groups of the linear structure 1oin to form the rings d. arise because ring closure transforms +1 into an asymmetric carbon atom e. include a hydro(yl and a carbo(yl group

&a%e 'ns"er

5. (Points: 1)

-hich of the follo"ing terms includes all others on the list/

a. monosaccharide b. disaccharide c. starch d. carbohydrate e. polysaccharide

&a%e 'ns"er

6. (Points: 1)

2f the structure sho"n belo" represents the ne(t monomer to be added to a gro"ing polymer chain. indicate at "hich position on the molecule (a. b. c. d. e) a co%alent bond "ill attach this structure to the pre-e(isting polymer

a. a b. b c. c d. d e. e

&a%e 'ns"er

7. (Points: 1)

-hich of the follo"ing is not a difference bet"een )N' and 4N'/

a. )N' has thymine and 4N' has uracil. b. )N' usually has t"o polynucleotide strands and 4N' usually has one strand. c. )N' has deo(yribose sugar and 4N' has ribose sugar. d. )N' is a polymer and 4N' is a monomer. e. 2n )N'. ' pairs "ith T and in 4N'. ' pairs "ith 8.

&a%e 'ns"er

10. (Points: 1)

'ccording to the base-pairing rules for nucleic acids. purines al"ays pair "ith

a. deo(yribose sugars b. uracil c. pyrimidines d. adenine e. guanine

&a%e 'ns"er

11. (Points: 1)

+ommon chemical features of all membrane lipids include

a. a phosphate group b. a glycerol bac#bone c. sugar constituents d. a hydrophobic domain e. all of the abo%e

&a%e 'ns"er

12. (Points: 1)

The structure sho"n belo" represents part of a polypeptide chain. -hich of the labelled groups might be in%ol%ed in bonds that stabili$e protein secondary structure/

a. a and b b. b and c c. b and d d. a. b and c e. a. b and d

&a%e 'ns"er

1*. (Points: 1)

The molecule sho"n belo" is a nucleotide. 2f this molecule is incorporated into 4N'. indicate at "hich position on this nucleotide (a. b. c. d. or e) you might e(pect to find a co%alent bond to the phosphate of another nucleotide in the se9uence.

a. a b. b c. c d. d e. e

&a%e 'ns"er

1!. (Points: 1)

:ipids form the barriers surrounding %arious compartments "ithin an organism. -hich property of lipids ma#es them a good barrier/

a. ;any biologically important molecules are not soluble in lipids. b. :ipids are polymers. c. :ipids store energy. d. Triglycerides are lipids. e. :ipids release large amounts of energy "hen bro#en do"n.

&a%e 'ns"er

13. (Points: 1)

)N' is most commonly found as a double-stranded polymer. ne strand is held to the other strand by:

a. ionic bonds b. co%alent bonds c. hydrogen bonds d. %an der -aals bonds e. all of the abo%e

&a%e 'ns"er

1,. (Points: 1)

' molecule "ith the formula +1,H*2 2 is a

a. hydrocarbon. b. carbohydrate. c. lipid. d. protein. e. nucleic acid.

&a%e 'ns"er

15. (Points: 1)

The formation of biological polymers in%ol%es

a. production of one molecule of "ater for each subunit added b. incorporation of one molecule of "ater for each subunit added c. hydrolysis d. formation of a hydrogen bond bet"een ad1acent subunits e. none of the abo%e