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ĐỀ CƯƠNG CHI TIẾT CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỐT NGHIỆP ĐẠI HỌC
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1.1.TÍNH CẤP THIẾT CỦA ĐỀ TÀI (Sử dụng cả kết quả điều tra sơ bộ)
1.8.Một số khái niệm và phân định nội dung của vấn đề nghiên cứu
Quy cách chương: 10-12 trang
(Phương pháp nghiên cứu và các kết quả phân tích thực trạng vấn đề nghiên cứu)
1. Phương pháp hệ nghiên cứu các vấn đề (phương pháp thu thập dữ liệu, phân tích dữ
liệu)
2. Đánh giá tổng quan tình hình và ảnh hưởng nhân tố môi trường đến vấn đề nghiên cứu
3. Kết quả phân tích các dữ liệu thu thập (sơ cấp, thứ cấp).
Quy cách chương: 10-12 trang
Kết luận
Tài liệu tham khảo
Các phụ lục
Xác nhận của đơn vị thực tập
(Quy cách tối thiểu: 3-5 trang)
CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM
Độc lập – Tự do – Hạnh phúc
*************
ĐỀ CƯƠNG CHI TIẾT LUẬN VĂN TỐT NGHIỆP ĐẠI HỌC
1.9.TÍNH CẤP THIẾT CỦA ĐỀ TÀI (Sử dụng cả kết quả điều tra sơ bộ)
Chương 2: CƠ SỞ LÝ LUẬN VỀ PHẦN TÍCH VÀ DỰ BÁO CẦU VỀ………….
(Tóm lược một số vấn đề lý luận cơ bản của chủ đề nghiên cứu)
1. Phương pháp hệ nghiên cứu các vấn đề (phương pháp thu thập dữ liệu, phân tích dữ
liệu)
2. Đánh giá tổng quan tình hình và ảnh hưởng nhân tố môi trường đến vấn đề nghiên cứu.
3. Kết quả điều tra trắc nghiệm vấn đề nghiên cứu (Questionares) và hoặc kết quả tổng
hợp đánh giá của các chuyên gia (Interview).
4. Kết quả phân tích các dữ liệu thứ cấp
Quy cách chương: 14-16 trang (- + 2 trang)
1. Kiểm tra kỹ lỗi chính tả, cách bố trí trình bày một văn bản chuẩn (theo yêu cầu của nhà
trường) trước khi nộp, để tránh lãng phí cho SV, mất thời gian kiểm tra lỗi chính tả của
GV.
2. Nộp các bản thảo đúng hạn, đúng yêu cầu của GVHD. Thời gian: Sinh viên đi thực tập
và viết chuyên đề tốt nghiệp: 6 tuần (từ 9/3 – 18/4/2009). Sinh viên nộp bản thảo CĐ
cho GVHD trước ngày 10/4/2009 để GVHD chỉnh sửa và nhận lại bản sửa sau 2 ngày.
SV hoàn thiện, chỉnh sửa đóng bìa thành 2 bản cuối cùng nộp cho GVHD trước ngày
17/4/2009. Sau khi nộp xong 2 ngày, đề nghị sinh viên phải liên lạc lại với GVHD 1 lần
cuối cùng để kiểm tra lại công việc của mình đã hoàn tất hay chưa.
3. Nộp các bản thảo đúng hạn, đúng yêu cầu của GVHD. Thời gian: Sinh viên đi thực tập
và viết luận văn tốt nghiệp: 8 tuần (từ 9/3 – 3/5/2009). Sinh viên nộp bản thảo LV cho
GVHD từ 25/4-1/5/2009, Sau khi nộp xong 2 ngày, đề nghị sinh viên phải liên lạc lại
với GVHD để kiểm tra lại công việc của mình và nhận bản chỉnh sửa. SV hoàn thiện,
chỉnh sửa đóng bìa thành 3 bản cuối cùng nộp cho BM trước ngày 6/5/2009.
4. Bảo vệ Luận văn ĐỐI VỚI SINH VIÊN VIẾT LUẬN VĂN:
- Trong buổi bảo vệ, sinh viên có thể sử dụng Overhead, Projector khi trình bày nội dung
luận văn trước hội đồng (sinh viên phải tự thuê các thiết bị này).
- Thời gian trình bày tối đa là 20 phút, sau đó sinh viên trả lời các câu hỏi của Hội đồng
chấm luận văn.
5. PHỤ LỤC 2: HƯỚNG DẪN XẾP TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO
1. Tài liệu tham khảo được xếp riêng theo từng ngôn ngữ (Việt, Anh, Pháp, Đức, Nga,
Trung, Nhật,...). Các tài liệu bằng tiếng nước ngoài phải giữ nguyên văn, không phiên âm,
không dịch, kể cả tài liệu bằng tiếng Trung Quốc, Nhật... (đối với những tài liệu bằng ngôn ngữ
còn ít người nếu có thể thêm phần dịch tiếng Việt đi kèm theo mỗi tài liệu).
2. Tài liệu tham khảo xếp theo thứ tự ABC họ tác giả luận án theo thông lệ của từng
nước:
- Tác giả là người nước ngoài: xếp thứ tự ABC theo họ.
- Tác giả là người Việt Nam: xếp thứ tự ABC theo tên nhưng vẫn giữ nguyên thứ tự
thông thường của tên người Việt Nam, không đảo tên lên trước họ.
- Tài liệu không có tên tác giả thì xếp thứ tự ABC từ đầu của tên cơ quan ban hành báo
cáo hay ấn phẩm, ví dụ: Tổng cục Thống kê xếp vào vần T, Bộ Giáo dục và Đào tạo xếp vào
vần B, v.v...
3. Tài liệu tham khảo là sách, luận án, báo cáo phải ghi đầy đủ các thông tin sau:
* Tên các tác giả hoặc cơ quan ban hành (Không có dấu ngăn cách)
* (Năm xuất bản), (đặt trong ngoặc đơn, dầu phẩy sau ngặc đơn).
* Tên sách, luận án hoặc báo cáo, (in nghiêng, dấu phẩu cuối tên)
* Nhà xuất bản, (dấu phẩy cuối tên nhà xuất bản)
* Nơi xuất bản. (dấu chấm kết thúc tài liệu tham khảo)
(Xem ví dụ trang sau tài liệu số 2, 3, 4, 23, 20, 31, 32, 33).
Tài liệu tham khảo là bài báo trong tạp chí, bài trong một cuốn sách... ghi đầy đủ các
thông tin sau:
* Tên các tác giả (không có dấu ngăn cách)
* (Năm công bố), (đặt trong ngoặc đơn, dầu phẩy sau ngoặc đơn)
* "Tên bài báo", (đặt trong ngoặc kép, không in nghiêng, dấu phẩy cuối tên)
* Tên tạp chí hoặc tên sách, (in nghiêng, dấu phẩu cuối tên)
* Tập (không có dấu ngăn cách).
* (Số), (đặt trong ngoặc đơn, dấu phẩy sau ngoặc đơn).
* Các số trang. (gạch ngang giữa hai chữ số, dấu chấm kết thúc)
(xem ví dụ trang sau tài liệu số 1, 2 ,29).
Cần chú ý những chi tiết về trình bày nêu trên. Nếu tài liệu dài hơn một dòng thì nên
trình bày sao cho tư dòng thứ hai lùi vào so với dòng thứ nhất 1 cm để phần tài liệu tham khảo
được rõ ràng và dễ theo dõi.
Dưới đây là ví dụ về cách trình bầy trang tài liệu tham khảo:
Tiếng Anh
28. Anderson J. E. (1985), The Relative Inefficiency of Quota, The Cheese Case,
American Econmic Review, 75(1), pp. 178 - 90.
29. Borkakati R. P., Virmani S. S. (1997), Genetics of thermosensiteve genic male
sterility in Rice, Euphytica 88, pp. 1 - 7.
30. Boulding K. E (1955), Economics Analysis, Hamish Hamilton, London.
31. Burton G. W. (1988), "Cytoplasmic male - sterility in pearl millet (penni - setum
glaucumL.)", Agronomic Journal 50, phương pháp. 230 - 231.
32. Central Statistical Oraganisation (1995), Statistical Year Book, Beijing.
33. FAO (1971), Agricultural Commodity Projections (1970 - 1980), Vol. II Rome.
34. Institute of Economics (1988), Analysis of Expenditure Pattern of Urban Households
in Vietnam, Departememt of Economics, Economic Research Report, Hanoi.
S I N H V I Ê N C Ó T H Ể T H A M K H Ả O C Á C H V I Ế T C Ủ A :
What is referencing?
When you write an assignment at university, you are usually required to refer to the work of other
authors. Each time you do so, it is necessary to identify their work by making reference to it—both in
the text of your assignment (called ‘in-text’ referencing) and in a list at the end of your assignment
(called a ‘Reference List’ or ‘end-text’ referencing). This practice of acknowledging authors is known
as ‘referencing’.
References must be provided whenever you use someone else’s opinions, theories, data or organisation
of material. You need to reference information from books, articles, videos, computers and other print
or electronic sources. A reference is required if you:
paraphrase (use their idea in your own words)
summarise (use a brief account of their ideas)
quote (use someone else’s exact words)
copy (use their figures, tables or structure)
The other way of citing gives prominence to the author by using the author’s name as part of your
sentence, with the date and page number in round brackets:
Smith (2001, p. 45) has argued that the relative seriousness of the two kinds of errors differs from
situation to situation.
Page numbers are necessary when you paraphrase or summarise an idea from a particular page, when
you directly quote a passage, or when you copy tables or figures:
A recent study (Jones & Chan 1996, p.2) has shown a series of outcomes that ‘result from economic
hardship in the community’.
Page numbers are not necessary when you paraphrase or summarise ideas that come from a larger
portion of an author’s work:
A recent study (Jones & Chan 1996) has shown that more students stay in school if unemployment
increases.
Examples of in-text references
The following examples show how to reference different sorts of publications in your text.
A recent study (Lim, Thompson & King 1998, p. 27) found ...
2.1.1.Two or three or ... Lim, Thompson and King (1998) found ...
[use an ampersand (&) within the brackets; use ‘and’ in your sentence]
authors
A recent study (Boyd et al. 2001) has indicated ...
2.1.2.More than three or ... Boyd et al. (2001) have indicated ...
[‘et al.’ is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase ‘et alii’ meaning ‘and
authors others’]
Jones and Chan (1997), Kuwelesky (2000) and Lim (1996) all agree ...
2.1.3.Several sources or ... Recent studies (Jones & Chan 1997; Kuwelesky 2000; Lim 1996)
agree ...
[names of authors are in alphabetical order separated by commas when in
2.1.4. your sentence; but separated by semicolons when in brackets]
The theory was first suggested in 1970 (Jones, CL 1971), but since then
2.1.5.Different many researchers, including AG Jones (1993), have rejected the idea.
[differentiate between authors with the same surname by using initials]
authors, same
surname
Marini (Tan 2001, p. 71) stated that ...
2.1.6.Author cited in or ... Marini’s study in 1975 (cited in Tan 2001, p. 71) stated that ...
or ... Tan (2001, p. 71), in reporting Marini’s study, states ...
another work [Marini is the primary reference contained in a book by Tan i.e. you read
Tan who made reference to Marini]
University research (Smith 1992, 1998) has indicated that ...
2.1.7.Multiple works
by same author
In recent reports (Nguyen 1998, 1999a, 1999b) ...
2.1.8.Multiple works or ... Ideas by Nguyen (1999b) were implemented ...
[add a, b, c etc. to differentiate between works by the same author in the
by same author in same year. These are listed in alphabetical order on the reference list.]
same year
Thomas (1997) summarises principles of …
2.1.9.Author for a
web site
The program details include times, dates and venues (CSIRO 2002).
2.1.10.No author, but
sponsoring body
A recent study (The Advertiser 24 Jan. 2000, p. 5) ...
2.1.11.No author, but or ... A recent study (Population Projections 2000) shows ...
[cite the newspaper or the title of the article]
newspaper article or
report
Current articles (ed. Harris 2000) all point to ...
2.1.12.Editor is or ... Current essays edited by Harris (2000) suggest ...
significant
Lewis (n.d.) began the study ...
2.1.13.No date of or ... The study was pursued (Lewis n.d.) ...
publication
In a telephone conversation on 17 July 2001, Dr H Lim ...
2.1.14.Personal or... Evidence given (Lim, H 2001, pers. comm., 17 July) ...
or ... In an email communication on 3 May 2000, Kate Jones ...
communication [note that personal communications are not usually included in the
reference list]
Reference lists
The reference list is arranged alphabetically and placed at the end of your assignment. It includes full
details of all the sources (except for personal communications) that you cited in the text of your
assignment. The reference list is usually titled ‘References’.
Reference lists based on the Harvard system are always in alphabetical order. Note that the
lists of examples of referencing used in this Learning Guide have been arranged according to
the type of publication so that they are easy to locate.
One purpose of the reference list is to enable your reader to consult your sources, so you need to include
all the information needed for someone else to locate that item. Remember to be consistent with the
elements included, the order of the details and the punctuation. The order of elements for books, journal
articles and electronic sources are listed below and the examples show appropriate punctuation.
For a book, the following elements should be presented in this order:
author’s surname(s) and initials (or the full given name)
year of publication
title of book (in italics or underlined with minimal use of upper case/capital letters)
publisher
place of publication.
For example:
Escritt, S 2000, Art nouveau, Phaidon, London.
For a journal article, the following elements should be presented in this order:
author’s surname(s) and initials (or full given name)
year of publication
title of article (in single quotation marks with minimal use of upper case/capital letters)
title of journal or periodical (in italics or underlined with important words in upper case)
volume number (if applicable)
issue number or other identifier (if applicable)
page number(s).
For example:
Hilton, GM, Ruxton, GD, Furness, RW & Houston, DC 2000, ‘Optimal digestion strategies in
seabirds: A modelling approach’, Evolutionary Ecology Research, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 207-230.
For an electronic source, the order and elements vary according to the type of source. The following
elements may be presented:
author – the person or organisation responsible for the source
date of publication
title (with minimal use of upper case/capital letters)
type of medium (e.g. [online] or [CD-ROM], except for Internet source)
edition
place of publication
publisher
date of update/revision
date of viewing
location (may include: a host document; availability and access number)
notes
For example:
Thomas, S 1997, ‘Guide to personal efficiency’, Adelaide University, viewed 14 Nov. 2001,
<http://library.adelaide.edu.au/~sthomas/papers/ perseff.html >.
Comments
Books
Derham, F 2001, Art for the child under seven, 7th edn, Australian Early Childhood
2.1.1.Single author Association, Watson, ACT.
Escritt, S 2000, Art nouveau, Phaidon, London.
Abiteboul, S, Buneman, D & Suciu, D 1999, Data on the web: from relations to semistructured
2.1.2.Multiple data and XML, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco.
authors Bierwirth, PN & Walsh, WD 2000, Delineation of recharge beds in the Great Artesian Basin
using airborne gamma-radiometrics and satellite remote sensing, Bureau of Rural
Sciences, Kingston, ACT.
Guelich, S, Gundavaram, S & Birznieks, G 2000, 2nd edn, CGI Programming with Perl,
O'Reilly, Cambridge.
Networking essentials plus, 2000, 3rd edn, Microsoft Press, Redmond, Washington.
2.1.3.No author,
2nd or later edition
Population and environment in arid regions 2001, eds J Clarke & D Noin, Parthenon, Paris.
2.1.4.Edited work, Singapore 2001, ed. G Rodan, Ashgate, Aldershot.
editor’s role not
paramount
Walpole, M & Evans, C (eds) 2001, Tax administration in the 21st century, Prospect Media, St
2.1.5.Edited work, Leonards, NSW.
editor’s role Weiss, RE, Knowlton, BW & Speck, BW (eds) 2000, Principles of effective teaching in the
online classroom, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
significant
Brookfield, S 1996, ‘Through the lens of learning: how experiencing difficult learning
2.1.6.Chapter in an challenges and changes assumptions about teaching’ in To improve the academy, vol.
15, ed. L Richlin, New Forums Press, Stillwater, pp. 3-15.
edited book
Sugden, P 2001, ‘Trade marks and domain names’ in Electronic commerce and the law, eds J
Forder, & P Quirk, John Wiley and Sons, Milton, Qld., pp. 198-226.
Einax, J (ed) 1995, Chemometrics in environmental chemistry: Applications, vol. 2, Handbook
2.1.7.One volume of environmental chemistry, Springer, Berlin.
of multi-volume
work
Stafford-Clark, D 1987, 'Mental disorders and their treatment', in The new encyclopaedia
2.1.8.Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th edn, vol. 23, Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc., Chicago, pp. 956-975.
Limburg, KE & Swaney, D 2001, ‘River ecosystems’ vol.5, Encyclopedia of biodiversity, ed.
SA Levin, Academic Press, San Diego, California.
Deni Green Consulting Services, 2001, capital idea: realising value from environmental and
2.1.9.Work social performance, Deni Greene Consulting Services, North Carlton, Victoria.
sponsored by Graduate Careers Council of Australia, 2000, Graduate opportunities, Trotman Australia,
Sydney.
institution,
corporation or
other organisation
Journal articles
O'Hara, MJ 2000, ‘Flood basalts, basalt floods or topless bushvelds? Lunar petrogenesis
2.1.1.Single author revisited’, Journal of Petrology, vol. 41, no. 11, pp. 1545-1651.
Wood, R 2000, ‘Novel paleoecology of a postextinction reef: Famennian (Late Devonian) of the
Canning Basin northwestern Australia’, Geology, vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 987-990.
‘Building human resources instead of landfills’, 2000, Biocycle, vol. 41, no. 12,
2.1.2.No author pp. 28-29.
Hilton, GM, Ruxton, GD, Furness, RW & Houston, DC 2000, ‘Optimal digestion strategies in
2.1.3.Multiple seabirds: a modelling approach’, Evolutionary Ecology Research, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 207-
230.
authors
Mercier, F, Cormier, F, Fichelle, JM, Duarte, F & Cormier, JM 2000, ‘Iliac venous obstruction:
surgical reconstruction’, Phlebology, vol. 15, no. 3-4, pp. 144-148.
Watson, I 1993, ‘Has Mabo turned the tide for justice?’, Social Alternatives, vol. 12, no. 2, pp.
2.1.4.From a book 5-8, in Contemporary Aboriginal issues readings, University of South Australia,
Adelaide.
of Readings
provided by the
University
German AL & Bartolo AM 2001, ‘'Science and information literacy on the Internet: using the
2.1.5.No volume or standards created by the Association of College and Research Libraries and Project
2001 to create a science web page evaluation tool’, Crossing the Divide, Nov., pp. 33-
number 44.
2.2.
Specialised sources
Hills, QG 2000, ‘Relative timing of deformation, metamorphism and mineralisation within the
2.2.1.Conference Willyama Complex, New South Wales’ in Proceedings of the 14th Victorian
Universities Earth Sciences Conference, Geological Society of Australia, Melbourne,
paper pp. 38-42.
Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2001, Catalogue of publications and products, ABS, Canberra.
2.2.2.Government
periodical
Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, 1997, Bringing them home: report of the
2.2.3.Government National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children
from their Families, (R Wilson, Commissioner), Human Rights and Equal Opportunity
report (common Commission, Sydney.
title can also be Stolen children report. See Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission 1997.
added) East Timor in transition 1998-2000: an Australian policy challenge, 2001, Department of
Foreign Affairs and Trade, Canberra.
Australia New Zealand Food Authority, 2001, Safe food Australia: a guide to the food safety
2.2.4.Standards standards, 2nd edn, Australia New Zealand Food Authority, Canberra.
Standards Association of Australia, 1996, Colour Standards for general purposes – Chocolate
(AS 2700S-1996 (X64)), Standards Australia, North Sydney.
2.2.5.
Tadayuki, O, Kazuhisa, Y & Atsushi, N 1999, Hard butter composition and its production,
2.2.6.Patent Japanese Patent 99-78710.
Yoshinori, M, Takuya, I, Shuji, W & Yasuyoshi, K (Morinaga and Co., Japan), 2001, Chocolate
chips containing mixed triglycerides for bakery products, Japanese Patent 2001269121.
Advertiser 23 Oct. 2001, ‘Federal election: new Chipp in politics’, p. 10.
2.2.7.Newspaper Chamberlain, P 2001, ‘The politics of law’, Herald Sun, 23 Oct., p. 34.
article
Online resources, publications, training, 2001, Australian Copyright Council, Sep., Redfern
2.2.8.Pamphlet NSW.
Graduate Qualities, 2001, Flexible Learning Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide.
ABC for kids: bumper collection (video recording), 1999, Australian Broadcasting Corporation,
2.2.9.Video, Sydney.
television Selling Australia (video recording), 2001, Film Australia, Sydney.
They did it their way (video recording), 1998, BBC for The Open University.
recording
Ball, K, Lee, YH, Phan, O & Ra, YS 2001, adult retraining and reskilling in Australia and
2.2.10.Microfiche South Korea, National Centre for Vocational Education Research, Leabrook (Australia)
& Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education and Training (Seoul), ERIC
microfiche ED451368.
2.2.11. Topping, K 2001, Peer and parent-assisted learning in Maths, Science and ICT, Scottish
Council for Research in Education, Edinburgh, ERIC microfiche, ED452092.
War of the worlds 1999, Mercury Theatre On The Air, Audio CD (Oct. 12, 1999) Radio Spirits;
2.2.12.Audio ASIN: B00002R145
cassette
Personal communications, such as conversations, letters and personal email messages, are not
2.2.13.Personal usually included in a reference list.
communications
Unpublished material (Note: No quotation marks are used for the title.)
Brand, D 2000, ‘Tourism planning for the Encounter Coast’, B. Regional and Urban Planning,
2.2.1.Thesis Hons thesis, University of South Australia.
Pope, JJ 1996, ‘The nature and origin of magnetite-rich zones in the Mount Fort Constantine
Volcanics, adjacent to the Ernest Henry Cu-Au-Co deposit, NW Queensland’, MSc
thesis, University of Leicester.
Son, M 2000, Design and fabrication of a miniaturised flow injection analysis system - and its
application to the analysis of glucose and other analytes, PhD thesis, University of
South Australia.
Janz, JK 1993, ‘Orroroo bedrock drilling’ 1993, South Australian Department of Mines &
2.2.2.Unpublished Energy, RB 93/042.
Griffith, JK 1999, ‘The Scleractinian Corals collected during October 1998 at the Dampier
report Archipelago’, Museum of WA.
Sinclair, Knight & Merz, 1999, ‘Video transect analysis of subtidal habitats in the Dampier
Archipelago’, Museum of WA.
Bundy, Alan 2001, ‘Better library services for Australians won't just happen’, paper presented at
2.2.3.Unpublished Alia SEQ Public Librarians advocacy seminar, Brisbane, 24 Oct.
Wolff, L 2000, ‘Corporate compliance and human rights in Japan’, paper presented at the
conference paper Australasian Law Teachers' Association Conference, University of Canberra, 2-5 Jul.
2.2.4.
Electronic materials
Carpenter, VL & Feroz, EH 2001, ‘Institutional theory and accounting rule choice: an analysis
2.2.1.Journal article of four US state governments' decisions to adopt generally accepted accounting
on electronic principles’, Accounting, Organizations and Society, vol. 26, no. 78, pp. 565596,
viewed 26 Nov. 2001, Available from Science Direct.
database
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Sagheer, U, Kielmann, AA, Mumtaz, Z & Shahab, S 2000, ‘Cost of establishing and
maintaining a bed in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan’, Leadership in Health
Services, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. ivi, viewed 26 Oct. 2001, Available from Emerald
Fulltext.
Sharma, S, Rafailovich, MH, Peiffer, D & Sokolov, J 2001, ‘Control of dewetting dynamics by
2.2.2.Journal article adding nanoparticle fillers’, Nano Letters, vol 1, no. 10, pp. 511-514, viewed 14
from an electronic Nov. 2001, American Chemical Society, Available from Internet
<http://pubs.acs.org/journals/nalefd/index.html>.
journal
desJardins, M 1998, ‘How to succeed in postgraduate study’, Applied Ecology Research Group,
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<http://aerg.canberra.edu.au/jardins/t.htm>.
World Wide Web
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(Internet) <http://library.adelaide.edu.au/~sthomas/papers/ perseff.html >.
Fisher, S 1995, Nursing wounds, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, viewed 9 Nov.
2.2.4.Electronic 2001, Available from NetLibrary
<http://www.netlibrary.com/library_home_page.asp.>.
book (ebook)
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viewed 14 Nov. 2001, Available from Internet
<http://trochim.human.cornell.edu/kb/index.htm>.
Harnad, S 1992, ‘PostGutenberg galaxy: the fourth revolution in the means of production of
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For inserting words into a quote, you need to enclose them in square brackets (e.g. ‘result from
economic hardship in the [Australian]community’ where you want to make your point more clear, or
‘[An] emerging interest in values’ where you change to upper case to begin a sentence.
To omit words from a quote, you use ellipsis points consisting of three full stops (e/g These attitudes
may ‘result from economic hardship in the community…or individual differences’.) Where you wish to
indicate that an error or use of sexist language in the quote is the original mistake of the author, you
insert the word ‘sic’ (meaning ‘so’ or ‘thus’) (eg ‘This was a comonly [sic] held view’).
No matter whether you use quotations or paraphrase another’s words, you will always need to provide
references—both in the text and in the reference list.
See the following essay extract for examples of usage.
... A recent study (Mackay 1993) has found that Australians are suffering When paraphrasing: always
from widespread feelings of angst in the 1990s. Mackay (1993, p. 17) identify author and date
argues that this so-called 'Big Angst' is the result of the fact that Australians
are living in an 'Age of Redefinition'. Everything from personal When quoting: identify the
relationships to economic realities is in a state of change, unprecedented in author, date and page no.
the history of Australia. Angst can be defined as: 'anxiety; feeling of guilt or (p.=page; pp.=pages)
remorse' (The Australian Concise Oxford Dictionary 1987, p. 36). It has No author: use title instead
been suggested that in an attempt to overcome their anxiety, Australians
have developed:
Long quotations are indented
an emerging interest in values, vision, meaning and purpose [which] Square brackets: show a
is the common characteristic of societies facing the end of a word(s) has been added
chronological era ... each new decade is approached as if it holds Ellipsis (…) shows a word or
some new promise. (Mackay 1993, p. 231) several words been omitted
The National Government's recent Cultural Policy also associates the
attention given to shared values with the level of stress in the country. The
preamble to the policy states that Australia is at a critical moment of history
where traditional values are in flux, and where Australians are 'engaged in Internet documents: have no
cultural activities that are helping to re-invent the national identity' page numbers
(Commonwealth of Australia 1994).
Half a century ago during the second world war, Vance Palmer (cited in Primary reference (Palmer)
Horne 1964, p. 240) questioned whether Australians had any common read about in a secondary
sense of purpose. More recent sociological studies have tried to identify the reference (Horne)
common values that exist in Australian society (Horne 1964; Mackay 1993, Several sources cited at once
1995b; Overduin & Fleming 1980). It is interesting to note that these Two authors of one book
studies also identify the stresses facing the nation. Overduin and Fleming
(1980, p. 11) describe the 1970s as 'a decade of considerable social change', Original thought of writer
as do Horne (1964) and Mackay (1993) for the 1960s and 1980s Second work by same author in
respectively. These findings are not surprising if one assumes that change the same year
will be a major feature of any period of history. Mackay (1995a) has gone
on to suggest that the rate of change in the last decade has caused young
people to be reluctant about making commitments ...
References
The Australian concise Oxford dictionary 1987, ed. GW Turner, Oxford
No author
University Press, Melbourne.
Commonwealth of Australia 1994, Creative nation: Commonwealth
cultural policy, October 1994 [Online], viewed 15 Jan. 1996,
<http://www.nla.gov.au/creative.nation/preamble.html>
Online electronic document
Horne, D 1964, The lucky country: Australia in the sixties, Penguin Books,
Ringwood, Victoria.
Book with subtitle
Mackay, H 1993, Reinventing Australia: the mind and mood of Australia in
the 90s, Angus and Robertson, Sydney.
Same author placed
Mackay, H 1995a, 'Poll position in reverse', Weekend Australian, 18–19
chronologically
Mar., Weekend Review, p. 4.
Mackay, H 1995b, 'My generation', Weekend Australian, 5–6 Aug.,
Newspaper article
Weekend Review, pp. 1–2.
Overduin, D & Fleming, J 1980, Wake up, lucky country! Lutheran
Same author, same year
Publishing House, Adelaide.
Book with two authors
This essay extract deliberately uses a large amount of referencing to show a range of examples
Further reading
Lester, JD 1993, Writing research papers: a complete guide, 7th edn, Harper Collins, New York.
Li, X & Crane, NB 1993, Electronic style: a guide to citing electronic information, Meckler, London.
Purchase, S 1998, The little book of style, AusInfo, Department of Finance and Administration,
Canberra.
Style manual for authors, editors and printers 2002, 6th edn, John Wiley & Sons Australia, Brisbane.
Winckel, A & Hart, B 2002, Report writing style guide for engineering students, 4th edn, University of
South Australia, Adelaide.
Chương 3More on referencing
For more detailed information about referencing including the requirements of different styles, see the
Referencing Resources website <http://www.unisanet.unisa.edu.au/learningconnection/referencing/index.htm>.
Learning guides This is one of a series of guides on aspects of learning at the University of South Australia
prepared by staff from Learning Connection. Other guides can be accessed at
http://www.unisanet.unisa.edu.au/learningconnection/students/lrnsvcs/default.asp
For further Talk to your course coordinator or assigned tutor.
information
Visit Learning Connection on your campus or online at
http://www.unisanet.unisa.edu.au/learningconnection/students/default.asp