SCHOLAR'S ACADEMIA

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M.Sc. class Chapter Test: cells and organs of immune system All questions are compulsory and carry equal marks Full Marks: 60

1. General functions of the lymphatic system include A) fluid and nutrient transport B) lymphocyte development C) the immune response D) all of the above 2. How much excess interstitial fluid must the lymphatic system return to the bloodstream each day? A) less than 500 milliliters B) up to 1 liter C) about 3 liters D) between 4 and 5 liters 3. Which selection includes all the major components of the lymphatic system? A) lymphatic cells and structures, lymph, and lymph vessels B) thoracic duct, right lymphatic duct, and lymph C) lymphocytes, lymph, and lymph nodes D) spleen, thymus, and tonsils 4. A systematic defense against antigens, initiated by lymphatic cells, is called A) a cross-reaction B) inflammation C) septicemia D) an immune response 5. Which one of the following statements is false? A) blood pressure forces fluid out of capillaries into the interstitial spaces B) "leaked" fluids can be returned to the blood only by lymphatic vessels C) lymphatic vessels return excess interstitial fluid to the venous circulation D) blood volume would drop precipitously without the lymphatic drainage 6. Which of the following is false in comparing lymphatic vessels with small veins? A) both have valves within the lumen B) both contain the same three tunics C) pressures in lymphatic vessels exceed those in veins D) contraction of nearby skeletal muscles helps propel fluids through both 7. The two largest lymph-collecting vessels are the A) cisterna chyli and thoracic duct B) thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct C) left subclavian trunk and right lymphatic duct

D) left jugular trunk and right subclavian trunk 8. Which sequence correctly traces the flow of lymph from lymphatic capillaries in the right thigh to the left subclavian vein? A) lymphatic vessels, lymphatic trunks, cisterna chyli, thoracic duct B) cisterna chyli, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic trunks, thoracic duct C) femoral lymphatic vessels, right lymphatic duct, thoracic duct D) right lymphatic duct, lumbar lymphatic vessels, thoracic duct 9. Lymphatic cells include all of the following except A) macrophages B) dendritic cells C) neutrophils D) lymphocytes 10. T-lymphocytes mature in the ____________, while B-lymphocytes mature in the ____________. A) yellow bone marrow; red bone marrow B) thyroid follicles; bone marrow C) bone marrow; thymus D) thymus; bone marrow 11. All of the following are types of T-lymphocytes except A) helper B) plasma C) suppressor D) memory 12. About 70-85% of the body's lymphocytes are A) T-lymphocytes B) plasma cells C) NK cells D) B-lymphocytes 13. Which lymphocytes initiate and oversee the immune response? A) memory B-lymphocytes B) helper T-lymphocytes C) cytotoxic T-lymphocytes D) natural killer cells 14. Helper T-lymphocytes secrete chemical signals called ____________ that bind to receptors on other lymphatic cells and activate them. A) coreceptors B) antibodies C) immunoglobulins D) cytokines 15. Each type of T-lymphocyte has a particular ____________ in its plasma membrane that recognizes a specific antigen. A) surface antibody B) coreceptor C) alpha-receptor D) beta-receptor 16. Plasma cells produce and secrete A) antibodies B) antigens

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C) cytokines D) alpha-globulins Which one of the following would respond to multiple antigens? A) cytotoxic T-lymphocyte B) memory T-lymphocyte C) NK cell D) plasma cell Lymphopoiesis, the process of lymphocyte development and maturation, occurs in A) the spleen and liver B) red bone marrow C) the thymus D) both b and c A fully mature lymphocyte that is ready to participate in the immune response is said to be A) immunocompromised B) immunocompetent C) antigenically primed D) facilitated Oval clusters of lymphatic cells with some extracellular matrix but no connective tissue capsule are called A) lymph nodes B) lymphatic sinuses C) lymphatic nodules D) medullary sinuses The large clusters of lymphatic nodules found in the throat are called A) Peyer patches B) tonsils C) lymph nodes D) lymph glands Large groups of lymphatic nodules in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, genital, and urinary tracts are collectively called A) MALT B) Peyer patches C) germinal centers D) mucosal lymph nodes Which set includes only lymphatic organs? A) lymphatic nodules, tonsils, Peyer patches B) thymus, lymph nodes, spleen C) lymph nodes, tonsils, MALT D) tonsils, spleen, thymus Clusters of lymph nodes are found in which of the following body regions? A) axillary B) cervical C) inguinal D) all of the above The thymus is a lymphatic organ that A) is divided into four lobes by its connective tissue capsule B) reaches a maximum weight of 30-50 grams at puberty

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C) is located in the posterior mediastinum, inferior to the heart D) remains functional throughout adulthood, especially after age 40 Several thymic hormones are secreted by ____________ in the cortex of the thymus. A) nurse cells B) thymic corpuscles C) trabeculae D) macrophages What occurs in the thymus? A) production of large quantities of antibodies B) activation of the immune response by circulating antigens C) T-lymphocyte maturation and differentiation D) all of the above The spleen performs which of the following functions? A) initiates an immune response when antigens are detected in the blood B) stores erythrocytes and platelets and hemolyzes old, defective ones C) phagocytizes bacteria and foreign debris from the blood D) all of the above Which one of the following does not accurately describe the spleen? A) surrounded by a capsule composed of dense irregular connective tissue B) divided into an outer cortex and an inner medulla by fibrous trabeculae C) white pulp contains clusters of lymphatic cells encircling central arteries D) red pulp contains splenic cords and sinusoids with numerous macrophages With advancing age the lymphatic system loses effectiveness in A) providing immunity and fighting disease B) transporting lymph to the bloodstream C) absorbing dietary lipids from the small intestine D) all of the above