LIVES

OF

THE

QUEENS
FROM
THE

OF
NORMAN

ENGLAND
CONQUEST

COMPILED

FROM

OFFICIAL PRIVATE

RECORDS
AS WELL

AND AS

OTHER

AUTHENTIC
BY

DOCUMENTS,

PUBLIC,

PRECEDED

BY

BIOGRAPHICAL

INTRODUCTION

BY

IN

SIXTEEN

VOLUMES,

WITH

PLATES

VOLUME

)pt)ilai)el)]i)ia
PRINTED FOR SUBSCRIBERS
ONLY BY

GEORGE

BARRIE

"

SONS

h
^^'h

ro\v

COPYRIGHT,

1902,

BY GEORGE

BARRIE

SON

(Contents

VOLUME

PAOB

Henkietta

Maria,

Queen-Consort

of

Charles

I.

{continued)
.

Cathaeine
of

Beaganza,

Queen-Consort

of

Charles

II.
. .

161

HENRIETTA

MARIA,
CHARLES
AND THE OF

QUEEN-CONSORT
GREAT

OF

FIRST,

KING

BRITAIN

IRELAND.

CHAPTER

III.

Queen
"

Henrietta Munificent

at

the

baths
from

of

Bourbon the

"

Her

illness
of
"

and

alteration
"

of of

person queen her

at

allowance
to

queen-regent
queen-regent
"

France

Journey assigned
I.
"

Henrietta the
LouTre
"

Paris
and Receives

"

Met St.

by

the

Apartments
to Her
"

"

at

Germain's
eldest

Sends
at

money Paris
"

Charles
routine messengers

Their the
offend

spondence corre-

her with

son

at

French

court

"

Interferes
"

the
infant in the

English daughter
war

church

Her
"

king
and the
"

Charles Fronde Suffers

letters
"

Escape
She
from Her fire
"

of

her

Henrietta
the

Queen

Henrietta in the

"

mediates
want
"

of

Fronde
of the

"

Besieged danger
Retz of visits

Louvre I.
"

Alarmed and

by

reports
"

Charles her"Finds

Her her

sufferings
Relieves

privations
"

Cardinal
her
",

without
Henrietta

her

Obtains
from

for
her

parliamentary
Her
"

grant

"

Queen
" "

without adventures He
"
"

intelligence
of

husband Sends
a

agonizing
to

suspense

Calamitous Fanshawe
"

Charles
from

I.

"

message to Hurst

the

queen
"

by
to

lady

is hurried

Carisbrooke
"

castle
"

castle

Windsor

to his

London
fate.

Trial

"

Execution

Burial

Queen

Henrietta

remains

ignorant

of

Queen
native
her

Henrietta land would

trusted
restore

that her
to

the

air

and

waters and

of

her

convalescence,
severe

repair
and

constitution,
which somewhat
was

shattered
had

by

the

trials, mental

bodily,
indeed,
of mind

she

sustained. her She

was

The

springs

of her

Bourbon,
firmness for
tion, macera-

ameliorated shaken.
;
was

health, but wept

greatly
misfortunes

perpetually
almost
to

her

husband's
and bore
was

she

wasted

her

beauty

forever
; she did

departed.
not
even

This suppose
to

loss

she it

with caused
was

great philosophy by
but her
a

that
"

troubles.

She

was

used
:

afiirm,

That

beauty

morning's
of the hers charms

bloom
at

she

had

plainly
and

ceived pershe

the did
not

departure
that

twenty-two,
of other

that
continued

believe

ladies

HENRIETTA

MAEIA.

longer."
*

It mattered

little to

her

since to

ter

husband
a

loved

her

with

increased

and affection,
and kind

proved
deeds,
"

her, by
much

thousand
the

tender
was

expressions
dearer than

how

wife

the

bride." friend queen be result

membered re-

The madame

by her following graphic portrait, drawn de Motteville, gives a faithful description of

both that in the

Henrietta,
familiar very

person

and
was
"

mind from

; and

it must

study
^

and life, this

once

the

of

acquaintance
much

"

found

lovely
shrunk worst form

queen
to
a

and ill,

shadow.
of

her

changed, being meagre Her mouth, which naturally was too face, had become large ; even
She
a so nose

and

the
her
a

feature seemed
plexion, compression ex-

marred.

still had

beautiful
and

eyes,

finely formed, and agreeable spirituelle

one

charming something in her

it commanded wit She
same

that

the brilliant above

love

of every which

; she

had, withal, great

auditors. was, at the

and
was

delighted all her and being agreeable in society,

mind, sincere, easy,
honor
of
was

not

time, sweet,
who
had

and

accessible,living with
without
and she

those
or

the Her her

her

intimacy

form cheerful.
narrated adventure

ceremony.

temper
tears
were

by nature streaming
of make
some

gay while

Often, when
her

troubles, the
occur, and

reminiscence she would

ridiculous company

would

all the

descriptionbefore her usually took

made her

look

on

laugh by her wit and lively her conversation own dry. To me eyes were solid tone ing a deep feel; her grief and this life and the pride of it in a true
her
sorrow

light,which
would

rendered been had

far
never

more

estimable
touched

than

she
was

have

her.

She

who knew naturally a most generous : those in her her that hand prosperity assured was me, bounteous she had as long as aught to give." Such sketch drawn intimate most by Henrietta's friend, who
character at the
same

her
most

is the
was

time

one

of of

the her

most

virtuous, the

most

plished accom-

and

learned

countrywomen.

The
the

French
war

people, not
of

civil to
1

yet agitated by the insurgency of the Fronde, paid the most affectionate tention ather
as

Henrietta, regarding
de

the

daughter, sister,
'

Madame

Motteville,vol.

i. p.

278.

Ibid., p. 290.

HENEIBTTA

MARIA.

and

aunt

of to

their

kings.
the

sufficient

provoke

had, when political vengeance

whose hands
her

As

she

in power, done of her sister-in-

law, Anne
France uneasy
the

of

Austria, in
as

the

sovereigntyof
became
a

rested
on

queen-regent, mother,
had

thoughts
had de
on

little taken whom

that

subject.
her

Henrietta Marie been

part of
of

warmly Medicis, with

most

Anne her
some
an

Austria

always
are

bad

terms
on

and,
when

as

biographer
exalted

expresses petites malices, which person

is

it,she had

inflicted
at

the time

latter

great evils

undergoing a series of persecutions. of Henrietta's Fortunately,however, the manly character had consort of Austria, interposed in the behalf of Anne and he had been able to perform some important services for her during the sway of her tyrant Eichelieu, especially by the protection he had afforded to her persecuted favorite,
the duchess of with and children.^

Chevreuse, which

the

queen-regent
to

now

membered re-

gratitude, and
Madame of
was

repaid
true

his

afflicted

wife

de Motteville

opportunity
since testified, Henrietta
at

writing
on

enjoyed history in
Austria

ble possievery all she has

with
dential confi-

she this

the

spot, and
of de

domesticated

juncture.
madame to

Anne

(whose
was)
queen of of

lady
to the baths

of
of

honor

Motteville exiled
the

sent

her

Bourbon,
assistance

offer the
was

Great France

Britain

all the To

that

in

power

to bestow. of

this,Anne
most

of

Austria

added

beneficence,
with

in-law

money

liberallysupplying her for her expenditure ;

marks many afflicted sisterof

all

which

stripped herself, and sent every farthing de husband. Madame command she could to the king her continues Motteville to observe, after relating this good attributed the trait of Henrietta, that Many persons have of his queen, advice but that fall of king Charles to the bad bounty
Henrietta
"

she

was

not

inclined

to

believe

it,since the faults

she

and in

takes mis-

she

actually committed
me

candidly
our me

avowed
fair

the

foregoing narrative, which,"

"

pursues
to

historian,
I wrote

she
^

did

the

honor
vol.

to relate
i. p. 236. recounted

exactlyas
lady,
the
in
a

it,
of

Madame
"

de
"

Motteville,
It
was

That
tome

foot-note, says
which I

Henrietta: inserted

herself

who

remarks

hav"

here."

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

when where

we

were

domesticated repose Here

and peace worldly trouble.'

together in reigned around

penned,
she from

solitary place,
unbroken
to
me

us, first

by
in

last, the
the

detail of
confidence
"

her

misfortunes, which
familiar had retained his

related

to

of

friendship."
post
in the

Lord

Jermyn

household

of

Henrietta the who

through

superintendent provided her with

He had of her

now of fortune, and was reverse every of her expenditure, being the person

everything
himself,
be had
of the
on

she
as

either
her

wore

or

sumed. con-

enriched

treasurer,

in

the

days
the invest

prosperity, and
tendency
that

contrived, by foreseeing
in continent.

disastrous his

royalist cause
the

large capital
was

England, to The English

the
it
was

authors when for bad France ber

hand
a a

suppose
she

lord
; but

Jermyn
if that French upon
even was

maintained the
case,

queen

in exile

only
she of if tressed dis-

brief noble
in

period, as
income distress. had not

the

archives

prove
a

that

settled
She been The

her,
have

as

daughter
money,
her

might

saved towards

over-bounteous

husband."

assistance, therefore, given ber

to the crisis failure of of
war

by
plies sup-

Jermyn, must during

which France.
her utmost disburse from did

be
the

limited
extreme

her of

French
the

the

Fronde,
return
to

not

occur

tiU the

several devoted
to

years

after

her this
in

However,
his

of fidelity his ofiiee

servant

of

household,

adherence
he

times

of

the
to

danger, when the queen's

income
her of in

occasionally felt

himself

obliged

the

of instead reaping wealth expenses his appointment, naturally raised gratitude

mind.
;
as

He

was

called
madame

her
de

minister, and
Motteville
"
"

by

some

her

favorite

such,

draws
seemed
; but

the
an me

He following portrait of him at this period : honorable remarkably mild in bis manners man, he appeared of bounded better capacity, and
with matters of

to to

fitted

deal
had

petty detail
insisted before any
queen

than

great

events. to
must

He

for

the

queen

that He

species of fidelityusual
that all her person
usually money in
retired

longbe

trusted

officials.

deposited with
"

him,

other
Henrietta

the
when

world,
under

The

convent

of Chaillot, where
or sorrow.

the

pressure

of ill-health

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

5 which
at

that
were

he

might apply
The
true
a

it to her

great.
it is not

queen

expenses, reposed much

all times
in

confidence

him,
often

but

that

he

governed
to

her

entirely.
maintained

She

manifested absolute

will

contrary
She

his, and

it, as

always showed feeling in proper regard to all who depended on her ; but she was naturally inclined to to be positive,and opinions support her own with Her vivacity. arguments, while maintaining her own will, were urged with no little talent, and were mingled with a graceful playfulness of raillerythat tempered the of which she had high spirit and commanding courage given so many proofs in the principal actions of her life. not quired acQueen Henrietta, unfortunately for herself, had in early life the intimate experience given by an had repaired this knowledge of history. Her misfortunes defect, and painfiil experience had improved her capacity, which her in France but we lose the tottering crown, saw she this time at to scarcely be considered (1644) could retain." behind the Our fair historian, who was literally and enced influall the springs of movement which saw scenes, of the the conduct royal family of England as well that the following observaof France, proceeds to make tion, as which is not merely a brilliant antithesis of French be corroborated genius, but a sober and simple truth, which may The into documentary by every examiner history : cabinets of kings are are theatres, where continuallyplayed of the whole the attention world. pieces which occupy of these Some are entirelycomic ; there are also tragedies, whose almost are by trifles." always caused greatest events
"
"

mistress.

And of

such those

is

ever

the

result when

who, ignorant of the

falls into the hands power of the past, have events never deductions governs

studied
on

history, or
causes

drawn

rational

by reasoning
the conduct

the such

of those

events.

Chance

Great royal personages. tragedies spring from tions, inclinatrifling caprices. If of good capacity and virtuous experience may be learned by a royal tyro ; but generally in for mistakes be fied rectitoo cannot late, government taken and better put in, as out a being by the work craftsman's apprentice gains his skill by rectifyingblunders.

of

6 The
and

HENEIETTA

MAEIA.

irrevocable
too

past
governs of

asBumes

the

awful

mien

of

destiny,
de
a

often queen

the

future.

"The

England,
the her autumn

my

aunt," says
of
1644
was

mademoiselle
afllicted with

in Montpensier, malady, for which

"

physicians
of

had
and

already prescribed
she
was

for

her

the
some

warm

baths
there

Bourbon,
she she
and
was was

forced
to
come

to

make
to

stay

before
When

well

enough
in the

the
was

French

court.

convalescent,
I
was

her

val arri-

formally announced,
in the and for
names

sent

king's

coach,
XIV.

of their the usual

his such
the

mother,
is the

court,

boy Louis majesties (the young queen-regent), to invite her to ' of duke Gaston etiquette."
of

Orleans,
flown
to

favorite for the

and

brother

Henrietta,
an

had

not,
; he at her

ever, howhad

waited

visit

formality of such comfort her, and

his

approach
with

was

the

baths

of

Bourbon
in the

when

daughter,
" "

the

grande
of

selle, mademoi-

arrived

father," continued
he had
been

queen's coach. that lady, with

some on

I found

monsieur, my

the

queen

England
We

with

her

time the road

before to

I arrived.

both

brought her in state The precise time

of the
we

Paris." is noted
in the

of

this

progress

journal

celebrated suppose, leave to

fore, Evelyn, who, as a philosopher, and therea non-combatant, had wisely asked very

the

king
!

swords spend his youth in travel, while broadof Ho for cavaliers were clashing, and the war-cry resounding throughout his hey for cavaliers I" was
"

native

island.

He
; he

encountered
saw

queen make her and and

Henrietta

on

this
state.
an

journey at Tours The archbishop harangue at the city,on the 18th

at
an

her

entry
received

in

great
her

went head

to meet

her

with of

of the

clergy

authorities

that

Tours,
20th

in the

Her August, O. S.,1644.' majesty rested she gave archbishop'spalace,where Evelyn

recommenced in

of

audience. of and

She

her

journey
with

to her

Paris

on

the

August,
la

the

state-coach,
the

brother that
to
"

Gaston the
the

who grande mademoiselle,

observes
came

At

fauxbourg St. Antoine of England, my queen

1 '

queen-regent
and

meet

aunt,
de

she

brought

the

little

Mfimoires

de

Mademoiselle
toI.

Montpensier,

Tol. ii. p. 106.

Evelyn's Journal,

ii. p. 64.

HENEIETTA

MAEIA.

7
receive her.

king
kissed

and

the

child,his brother, to
her into the

They
thus

all

her,
her

invited

king's coach, and

was as

she

made

entry into Paris."

de

Mademoiselle
wretched Motteville had her
so

Montpensier
of

much
as

struck
madame

by

the
de

appearance had been. taken the

the

poor
"

queen

She
utmost

says:
care

"Although
recover

queen

rietta Hen-

to she

strength, and
that

her

health,

still

good looks, appeared in a state

her

could look her without deplorable at no one an of compassion. emotion She was escorted to the Louvre, and of her given possession apartments by the queen-regent and her her son, in person by the hand, and ; they led kissed her with her not great tenderness. They treated due to a queen, but to a queen only with the consideration
who was,
at

the

same

time,
gave
crowns

daughter
distressed

of

France."

'

Anne noble said

of income

Austria
of to

her

sister-in-law has

the
been

12,000
the
her

relative

pecuniary
exile
in

Much per month. distress suffered

Henrietta the

during
that

remark,

her

with liberally them

fhnds,

generous till the civil

hy queen France, but justice obliges relatives supplied her most

war

of the

Fronde

reduced

pecuniary deprivations of the exiled queen lasted,at most, only two years, although it is usually aflBrmed that such the case was during the of her life. The truth she rest stripped herself of was, whatever was given her, and gradually sold all her jewels she could command to send to her suffering every penny husband generosity,and her utter self-denial ; her boundless in regard to all indulgences that she could with not share
him,
her
are

all to similar

destitution.

The

the

best

points
most two

of

her

character. of

The

kindest
madame

of

friends, the
and

credible

witnesses,

de

bright examples of old English and honor and sir Eichard fidelity, lady Fanshawe, bear to this dispositionof Henrietta's testimony in many passages
Motteville,
those
income.
some
a a

Mademoiselle,
"

her

niece, observes,

with

contempt, little while, with

full

The

number
1

of
Mgmoires

England appeared, during the splendor of royal equipage ; she had of honor, of running ladies, of maids
queen
de

of

Mademoiselle

de

Montpensier.

HENEIETTA

MAEIA.

footmen, coaches,
little than We and her

by guards. All vanished, however, mean be more and at last nothing could little, train and appearance."
and
'

have into

seen

the

unfortunate

queen

of

Charles

ducted I. in-

the

palace was occupied by the for the reception of likewise appointed

of within of her

That

regent of by the generous not, during the minority of Louis court, and its royal apartments were
Louvre their for
desolate

France.

XIV.,
vacant

guest.
she she

Anne

of
the

Austria old teau cha-

her

country residence
retired
had of

St.
three

Germain's, whither
or

that

autumn,

four

days after
Louvre.
in her

taken

possession
first

apartments

in the

One

Henrietta's
at to

occupations, when to en-Laye, was

Laon;
it affords

settled
indite
a

residence

St. Germainthe

following letter specimen of childish

the of of the
to the

bishop
than
:
"

of

devotion, better
ages
a
*

befitting the
woman

semi-barbarians intellect
Maria Laon
:
"

the

middle

of brilliant
Queen

seventeenth
Bishop
of

century
Laon.

Henrietta
de

"

Monsieur
"

l'Bvesque

am

which

Liesse, through
mother has

to

ing apprised of the pains you have taken at the reception of a little offerthe Lady of brought, on part, to Our father-Capuchins have my mark gratitude to her for having preserved me from shipwreck my

the
in the

goodness

of

our

Lord

j and

for

the
at
sea

intervention the said

of this

our

holy
in
powered em-

tempests which
to propose said

I encountered
a mass

preceding
for
me

years,^which
Saturday
time

induced

me

founding this, to
have

to be And

every

the year,

in the those

chapel, for

perpetuity.
enter into
to

I have for

at

the

same

who my

deliver

contract all that your to mark

this effect, as
in this

I send

Capuchin
who will

of

almoner's, with
you, and of the who

power

do

is needful
cares

this

affair,
of
on

promises
continue and
one
"

that

already given
your

to

good work,
the

them,
honor
on

employ

authority
and
to

establish my

it,to

glory

God
the

the and

holy Virgin,

perpetual
at

reliance

the
I

other.
render yon, my
vows

Meantime,
you in

testifythe
to

myself will, in person, bear good-will I shall ever

his

the

said

praying

God,

my

lord

chapel, to bishop, ever

hold
"

keeping.
this 7th of

From

St. Germain-en-Laye,

September,
"

1644.

Your
"

good friend,
Henriette

Marie,

R."

The

contribution almoner

the
was

queen
1500
de

sent

to

the
a

chapel by
low-mass
to

her be

Capuchin
'
'

livres,for

MSmoires
This In

de Mademoiselle
inedited to and letter from

hitherto her
voyages

is from

Montpensier. P6re Cyprian's

in

MS. and

'

Holland,

February,

1642

1643.

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

9
sum

said

every devoted as which the had

queen

week
a

in

perpetuity ; by
of

this the

she

doubtless

thank-offering from
accorded

bounteous

been
of

her

munificent

supply sister-in-law,
indubitable
was

France. the
own

Soon evidence
at

after

date

the

above

the letter, that Henrietta of

of her

hand

denotes
for

dent resithe

Wevers, evidently
Bourbon.
of that At name,

the

purpose
was
an

being near

baths
the
was

of

Nevers
now

ancient de Ville.

dukes
an

the

hotel
two

palace of Adjoining
of her
;

extensive

park,
fit to

in which

individuals but fatal any

household
nor

thought
the ridicule

did to

fight a grotesque attending the homicide

in which

duel
means

by
had

tend queen.

alleviate Since

the trouble dwarf

it involved

the excited

played an had important part in her escape at Exeter, the tiny man assumed than more ordinary dignity ; he no longer permitted the cavaliers of the household with to jeer him tales of his combats with a turkey-cock, and other depreciating inventions. He of his royal mistress's had, in the hour and brave useful than selves themas more peril, proved himself in his he promulgated exaltation of mind his ; and of avenging his honor in mortal intention the combat on
next

her

Jeffrey

Hudson

insult

offered of
the

to

him.

Of

course, to

such

information A in provoking

gave

promise
of the

high
to

amusement Mr.

his

tormentors.
no

gentleman fun,
dwarf The

household,

Croft, lost
: a

time

was were

challenge him arranged in the park at

dwarf
to

duel, only
armed

meant and

for the

Nevers.

Croft with

meet

on

horseback,
no

gibing with squirt,

adversary dwarf,
address loaded
to

cavalier

took he
meant

fire-arms, but
at

which
the

and

powder

of
his

however,
avoid

managed
the

pistols. merely a huge to extinguish his small once his weapon. The vengeful good steed with sufficient
aimed at

shower
to

himself

and

his

and, withal, pistols,

dead. The
queen wrote

shoot the

his

laughing

sary adver-

following letter to the of which prime-minister of France, Mazarine, by means him to suspend legal punishment she induced against the she of diminutive victor, whom designates by the name
'

le

Jofroy :'
"

10
Queen
"

HENRIETTA

MAEIA.

Henrietta

to

Cardinal

Mazarine.

MoN
"

Cousin hare

"

written
on

to

the

queen,

madame

my

sister

[Anne
in my I hare for your

of Austria, regent
house. written Le

of

France],

the killed the

misfortune

which
of

has
Crofts

[Jeffrey]has
mandeur
what

the

brother
or

happened [Croft].
affair

Jofroy
co;n-

to the
;

[of

archers,
both

police]the
and
me

whole

information
and
as

and

I wish my
not

is,that
sister without
concerns

one

the

other
to do

being English, justice or

you
to

my

domestics,^
This
I
erer

the queen
I would do in

will giro

power
and

pardon
aid
me

I would.
as

writing
me,

to you,

praying
to

herein,
as

all

that

according
"

my

professionof
affectionate
"

being

am,

my

cousin,
Tour
rery

cousine,
Marie.

Henriette

"

Nerers, Oct. 20,

1644."

Henrietta
in

remained

for her
was

many

months

deeply depressed
of

spirit, mourning
Her time

utter

bereavement

husband
in

and

children.

principally spent

at the king Charles, and her establishment the rallying point for loyalist English under in France, when the her influence sought shelter various devised were plots broke and fell to pieces which for the restoration these were of king Charles. Among found the illustrious literary names of Cowley, Denham, and Waller. Latin Cowley became secretary to lord Jer-

writing to Louvre proved emigrants, who

myn all

the

office

of the
that

poet

extended between

to the

the

translation
and their

of

the

letters in

passed

queen

king
spondence, corre-

Charles

week,
Brief between

and
must

so cipher, and indefatigable was that it employed Cowley aU the often encroached his nights, for on

days
several which

of

the

years.'

be this

the

specimens
tender marked

of

the

letters

pair, so
was

and

true.

How

passed deeply their

correspondence
will

by
to

affection, the
Charles.*
"

following

show

:
"

Queen
"

Henrietta

King

Paris, Jan.
much

",

1644^-45.

Mt
"

dear

Heart

"

Tom Elliott,two days since, hath the good estate to know first, are you
I '

brought
in ; the

me

joy and
fear I hare

sorrow

; the you go

other, the

that

Bethune
This
was

MS.

Bib.
was

au

Roi

French
cause

holograph.
of hold would

homicide

the he

original
no

Jeffrey Hudson's
his

misfortunes.
court the of his

His

life

spared,

but her

could of

longer
the

place
hare

at

the

royal
of

mistress, where
brother.
s

captain
of

guard

rerenged

death

his

Johnson's

Life

Cowley.

Kapin,

rol. il. folio,p. 611.

HENEIETTA

MAEIA.

11
of those theirs. that gave you this be to

to

London.

I cannot it be
to

conceive

where your
yours

the person

wit
to

was save

oounsel, unless God, to-day

I

hazard
one me

But, thanks

received comforted of

of

by
to
see

the

ambassador the

January,
For
you
are

which

much
not

that
in

of Portugal, dated in treaty shall be at Uxbridge.

of

the go

honor
to

God,

trust

yourself

the

hands
or

those
a

people.

If

ever

London

before

the that

parliament
the
to and from he

be

ended,
for
are

without
must

lost.
your

I understand army. If
you

propositions this, you

will do

peace

good army, you ing begin by disbandthe whole

will. sends
men.
mo

consent

lost ;

they having

power
"

of the I received if his

I have and

militia, they have yesterday

be
into very
sent

whatsoever
of

letters

the
will

duke

they Lorraine, who

you him
news

word, Goffe,
this

that whom

services

agreeable, Holland,
I shall

bring
with

10,000
in of you

Dr. upon
also

shall

treat send

his passage

business,
money. I will
you.

hope

speedily to
be

you in

good famine

this,o"
than

of

the that

Assure
hazard my
me

yourself life
"

wanting

nothing
my

can

desire,and
not

that

is, I

will whom

die with you

rather

send

it to

Send the
not

word, always, by
of

receive

for letters,

I write

both
a

by
care

ambassador
to

Portugal
who

and

the

resident
you,

of France.
as

Above

all,have
as

abandon
Adieu."

those

have

served

well

the

bishops

the

poor

Catholics.

KiNC

Chables

to

Queen

Henrietta.
"

1645.
is inseparably

**

Since

I love

thee

above

all

earthly things,
not all my
"

and

that

my

contentment to
serve common

conjoined with
thee
? If you in knew

thine, must
a

actions
not

tend
of

and

please
distrao-

what
of
"

life I

lead,
thou

speak
in my

the
is

tions, even vexation,

others
are

point
foolish

conversation, which,
-I dare
are

mind,
me, for too

the

chief
are

joy

or

of one's
too

life,
;

say too

wouldst others of the

pity
are

some

too

wise,
in

some

busy,
names

reserved whose

and

fantastic.

[Here
domestic

the

king gives, in cipher, the

life suits
were

persons
same

conversation
in
matters

his taste

so

little, owning,
After
"

at the

time, that
to which

of business
is
now

they

estimable.
:
"

enumerating
est thou

names,

the such

cipher
sation conver-

lost,the

king adds]
to

Now

may

easily judge how

pleaseth me. pleased,but no less

"

I confess be

thy company pitied by thee, who

letters ; and dost thou

hath
art

perhaps
the

made

me

hard

to be

only
think
are

cure

for this
to

Mnease.

Comfort
of

me

with

thy
and
no

thou

not

that

know

ulars particto

thy health,
thou
is

how other

spendest thy time,

to

pleasing subjects
me, assistance is to

me,

though
kindness

hast
as

business
to

write heart

of?
as

Believe

sweetheart,
my

thy

necessary

comfort

my

thy

affiairs."

King
of

Charles's such

parliament, which
as

sat

at

Oxford,

was

posed combers num-

peers

adhered

to

his

cause.

Their

being comparatively small, they sat in deliberation of comof the house mons, together with the royalist members which innovation an gave the king great uneasiness. this explanation a remarkable Without expression in one of is inexplicable. He to Henrietta the king's letters speaks of this mongrel,' or mixed parliament, parliament as a
"

'

12
which it

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

literallywaa according
mixed
to

the

expression, certainly,is
acceptation.
The very

not

civil one, of the

modern

ings proceed-

to of

parliament were Charles, and dangerous to the the predominance of Eoman

acts have tended to preserve

becoming
reformed
Catholic that

injurious church, by reason

peers,* nor
would
or

their
course

middle

moderate

which

it

was

the of the

monarch's Eoman
; he

duty,

as

his

wish,
her

to

maintain. in his

Several

Catholic therefore

nobles
entreated

held

office to

consort's
him of

household
some

relieve to

of

his

by demanding agitators,
French
on

them lowing folhis

fulfil their
are

duties the

in her

establishment. their

The in

king's comments
Henrietta, dated

letter to queen
"

from

departure, Oxford, March,

his way, and

1645.'

Wilmot

being already there

of

[at Paris], Percy

to

on

Sussex
carest

within
not

few

days

taking
to free
me

his journey from

thee, but
of

that

I know

thou
I must

for

little trouble if I knew not

greater

inconveniences, yet thy

love to me, I
a

tell

thee

that

the
their

perfect steadiness
repair
I cannot
to

might change
in

reasonably apprehend
than
waa an some

that
their of

thee

would

rather

prove

end
cause

to

and villanies,

but

deny but my

confidence

thee

this

permission."
is
no

Percy, there his king. He

events

doubt, deserved
the spy in the

the

character
service

given by
that trayed be-

was

queen's
to

in the

royal
death

household been

his

sister,the
at

lady
the
other

Carlisle troublous
two son,
as

his time been

conduct,
of the

too, had

treacherous

of Straiford. for Wilmot

as

Perhaps
was

the

had
if not

misled

by him,
was

loyal
his

to

the

to the

father, but

profligate in
The
by
no

youth
:
"

his
"

heir,the
received

notorious
thine
of
men

Eochester.
3d of

king
which

continues
puttest
of

I have of

of and

the

March,
; and

the

thou

me

in
love

hope
to me,

assistance that because

in

money

it is
are

little

expression
to thee.
. .

thy
I

of my
no

business,festivals
are

troublesome
to thee.

But

see

that
"

assemblies
I desire thee

countries

very

agreeable
not

to

think, whether
the minister

it would

advantage
of

thee

much without

to

make

personal friendshipwith
distrust to her to show her

queen-regent

[Anne
not

Austria],

ing showthem
need
to ;

[Mazarine], though
her regency
but
serve comes

and of

her, that when

out

friends, so that she shall

herself

wholly trusting to she may have [expires], by helping of thee, and

say

'

Roman

Catholic
the

senators of

were

eligible to sit penal

vol. laws. iii. pp.

in

both

houses

at this

era,

withstanding not-

cruelty

the

"

Ludlow's

Memoirs, Appendix,

271, 272.

14
unite the duties in
one

HENRIETTA

MAEIA.

of

the On

queen's chamberlain,
these

steward, and

secretary
founded
than

one.

of

his

malicious
"

Walpole has reports Horace tales,on no better authority

"

the before evening," he says, quitted England, the king had nearly surprised lord queen of the gentlemen in waiting, One with her. alone Jermyn the before who king with lights were walking backwards

oral

tradition.

One

down

the

Jermyn queen's
dismissal

gallery,stumbled time to escape."

ever

and
As

fell

on

purpose,
had
"

which been

lord
was

Jermyn

gave the pointed apthe

domestic
as

since

she
to

such of
her

by
have

the

king,

her
"

being great displeasure,on

seventeen,
the

French been when

for

servants,
caused
he

astonishment absence
not

of from

his the

majesty would

by

his and

queen's apartment Fortunately

sacrifices
refute in

arrived,
of

by

his

behalf slanders.

of

memory king Charles It

is not

the

Henrietta,
for to

presence. her selfto

are

quite sufficient
women

such

usual

whose selves them-

affections of

wander

from

their

husbands

deprive

necessaries best
if such and

of the splendor, every luxury, and even every of life for their sakes. Horace Walpole knew
was

the

way

of

his world.

inroads the constitution on anxiety again made who fell dangerously ill in the of the queen, spring of 1645, when she was too much indisposed to listen to the details of the agitation of reading her husband's business, or endure letters. King Charles alludes to the precarious state of her health
in It
a

Care

letter

written

to

his

trusted

myn. minister, lord Jer-

been this of

to observe, that if there had scarcely needful for suspecting the queen of preferring any real cause at the sedate elderly nobleman (who had arrived age to sixty-one) thus to

is

her him

husband,
:
"

that

husband

would

not

have

written

Charles

I.

to

Lohd

Jehmtn.
"

Oxford, April 24, 1645.

write
not

" "

Harry
"

"

"

Lest my

my

wife

sliould not
to
ease

yet

be

fit for any she

business, I
may far first

excuse

pains, but
I refer

hers, that
discretion
health

know,
to

but

this to you, not to be troubled with

letter to

my any my

kindness.
other affairs.

to your

how in the

impart

my cared

her, or
then trusted

business,so
And
now

that
I must

her

place be

for, and
had
not

tell you,

that

undoubtedly

if you

HENRIETTA

MAEIA.

15
sending good news),
mistaken 1 you
. . .

to

Digby's sanguine
not you

temper (not
fault with
all the to

to

be

rehuted
for
we

from

would Are may

have

found
to

him
news

sending
send the you

intelligence.

obliged

publish
too

Seriously, I think court, lest they

between

news

sometimes
assist

be
my

good

be

told

at

French

should us."

underhand

rebels to

keep

the

balance

of dissension

equal
into
on

Besides

this with

shrewd

remark,
seemed

his trusted

turn

fortune

king enters servant, building much just then to give

a

the

free
a

fidence con-

able favoraffairs.
had

to

his

He

reckoned

given
from

him
one

especiallyon hopes she would

of

remittance

that

the

queen

send,
French
send
was

and
:
''
"

quotes this promise

Assure

her

letters

in

yourself
navy
comes

of in

40,000 pistoles that

safe trade with the tin."
queen of
'

I will

you,
in had

if my

This

allusion

to

flourishing
the

which

Henrietta
and France

promoted
for the tin the from

between

loyal west
her

England
in to

produced
stannary

from tricts disin been

The
:"

dower-lands

Cornwall,
the

and

The manner prince of Wales. which she organized and has arranged this matter quoted in illustration of her great practical abilities.^ directions his anxious to Jermyn king thus concludes

belonging

"

In

your

next, let
as

me

know
have she is.
to

health] imagine
commanded to be

be not
her

I would than
to

particularlyhow my wife is,which, though [her to it,yet the perfectknowledge will hinder me
If well, then
you every word will

worse

please

me.

I have I hold

Bigby
as

write

freely concerning Will

business."
'

Murray,

which

necessary

touching

Montrose's

Charles
the in

I. very
and

truly anticipated
which would
He raise thus

that

letters his

papers
cabinet

his rebels

publication of captured at Naseby

the character the
"

private
of

his

in

the

subject in Nicholas : a letter to his secretary, sir Edward My rebels, I thank them, have published my private letters in print, their been have and wished pains had though I could mine spared, yet I wiU neither deny that those things were in my words which set out name (only some they have here and there are commas mistaken, and some misplaced, but not much or material),nor will I, as a good Protestant
estimation
the

world.

mentions

"

honest
'

man,
letter 1650. may

blush
be
seen

for
at

any

of

those
the

papers.

Indeed,

as

This

length, in

Reliquiae Sacrae, published

'

at the

Hague,
"

Likewise of Henrietta

in

king Charles's

letters, published by parliament.

44.

Memoirs

Msria,

1671, p.

Reliquiss Sacrse.

16
discreet know
should
so

HENKIETTA

MAEIA.

man,

will

not

justify myself; yet

willing
mine be take
:

would

fain

him be

who
at
once

would

be

that

all his
now

private
been.

letters ever, HowI

care cerning con-

printed, as
one

have

that
so

but that
'

clause

rightly understood,
their
fortune.

not

much the

the

others

It is

mongrel' parliament
at

the truth
out

that is,

Sussex's

factiousness
made
me

that vent
'

time

freely
my the

my

patience, which displeasure against those of his

put
me

of

party
After in
to the

to

wife."
battle and

of

England,

was less hopeISTasebythe royalist cause with the queen, torn anguish in regard

from

personal safety of her husband, sent sir John Denham with a France,''in order to obtain personal conference
that she

him,
either

might
or

know bribed

his that

real

situation.

Sir

John

influenced
to

strange Caversham,
in her

fanatic, Hugh
The
faithful and native and informed

Peters,
learned him and

obtain

for him
saw

this

interview.
at

cavalier exact

the

king
fears

of the

situation and

of his queen

country,

regarding foreign assistance. relates Denham relative most to the a pleasing anecdote in his interest the king took literary productions. AU the troubles which oppressed his royal heart had not prevented from Charles reading and analyzing Denham's poem hopes
on

of all her

sir

Eichard

Fanshawe's
from

translation

of
were

the

Pastor sole

Fido.
lations conso-

The

pleasures arising
of the
and unfortunate

literature Charles

the

during
loved
to

his utter life.

ment bereave-

The

separation from all he first gleam of satisfaction

the arrival of her

in

the
son

mind in of

of queen France. had of

rietta HenThis

was

eldest the duke

and

boy,
been

with

his

young

brother
sound

York,
crash

early
a

inured
had

to the

of bullets

the

cannon.

followed their royal father through They of varying fortune, sometimes exposed to the murderous sometimes crouched from bullet,'

many range
the

field

of

the

pelting

1 '

Memoirs See
the

of

Henrietta

Maria, 1671, pp.

Denham's

103,

104.

Dedication
after

of sir Jolin the of

noble

descriptive poem
Letters
a

of

Cooper's

Hill, published
'

Restoration.
the kind in Ellis's

See

an

incident

Original
draws

; second

series, vol.

iii. p. 304.

James

II., in his

autobiography,

most

extraordinary pic-

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

17

with their hedge, suffering,in company of tutor, a much-enduring divine of the persecuted church England, hunger, cold, and pitilessweather, while their
storm
a

beneath

royal

sire

was

putting
strife
was

the

then, when

the him

comforting
of which

by

their

England on a field springing to his arms, and over, Illustrative passionate caresses.

fortunes

of

often told by the description is the adventure illustrious At the battle of EdgehUl the royal Harvey.' boys were given to his care, whilst the king engaged in battle. with the little princes under Harvey withdrew a lost to all things bank, and drawing out a book, was soon but of time the bullets study. In the course began to about the princely boys and their studious whistle friend. At last a cannon-ball tore up the ground near them, which forced the philosopher and his charges from their station. In after-life, duke James of York his occasionallynarrated of such adventures he early reminiscences occurring when
was

little

more

than love

nine and

years

old ; he
with

recalled which

them he

with

the

feeling of
his duke

admiration
name.

always

mentioned The

father's York
was

of

was

left in

Oxford the

at

its disastrous
to

surrender, and

committed
of

by

parliament
and

the

custody of the earl lodged as a prisoner prince of "Wales was

and and when
more

Northumberland,

afterwards The of young

in the hurried

palace of
to the

St. James.

loyal west
father

England,
still
more

the

fortunes

of his
was

royal

became
to

wards Scilly,afterhe shelter the opposite took to on Jersey ; finally, at coast, September 18, 1646, and joined his royal mother and From thence invited Paris. the mother son were by the little king, to visit her and the queen-regent of France Louis XIV., at Fontainebleau, and their reception is thus The described by an eye-witness : queen-regent and the

disastrous, he

withdrawn

"

"

ture

of

the

battles

and

aieges
the

of

which

he

was

witness, from
The

his detention

in

Hull, by
"

sir John discoverer

Hotham,
of

to the

Restoration. of

The

circulation
man

the

blood.

fanatics

bore had

as

bitter

grudge

against this great

at Whitehall
;

as

against his royal friend, who

the
roundheads his

given bim
See

apartments
were

and in

when

sacked
and

the

palace, they
"

particularly

active
and

destroying
above

collections

furniture.

Aubrey's

Miscellanies,

for the

anecdote.

18
little

HEIOJIETTA

MAEIA.

king
XIV.
and

of

Prance
into his

came

to

meet

their

received

them

their hand

coach. to

When
aunt,

royal guests, and they alighted,

queen of Great

Louis

gave
the

his

the

Britain,
The room, his next

when

of France. led the queen prince of Wales her to came drawingday the prince of Wales with she appointed him a fauteuil,as concerted
Henrietta ; hut it
was

mother, queen
entered

when

his

mother
for the

wards after-

the

apartment,
therefore

etiquette

prince
of and

to

only a occupy Great Britain; he

his

in joint-stool
rose

her

as queen presence, from the arm-chair

took

place

in

the

circle,where
^

he

remained

standing

that during the audience." Very singular does it seem, their be employing these royal exiles should thoughts and of with time precedence arrangements occupying their Till and between arm-chairs, yet so it was. joint-stools that Maria Henrietta was a refugee in Prance, it appears did her mighty she disliked such trifles as much as pompous
"

sire

Henri

Quatre,
with
are

and

never

exacted
: we

them

in her

intercourse free her the

her

friends cold

have

shown But

how when

private utterly
under

letters

from her

ceremonial.

protection of Austria, she

on

of
was

munificent forced
more

Anne Spanish sister-in-law,

take the ever,

to

heavy
or run

chain the those of

of risk

quette eti-

her

neck

than

of

giving offence by breaking moment, every observers incomprehensible laws by which

govern
It
seems

little

ceremony them.
manner

every to

movement have

of Anne

those
of

domesticated Austria's

with

been

favorite

of

testifying
and
sons

her

hospitalityand
occasion
to
was
:

consideration

for
to

her

guests
and
manners

proteges,by offeringthem
on

precedence
course,

herself

her

every

of

it

was

but
such

in and

the

royal guests
Thus absurd
set

protest against
time the
worst

good erence prefin

an

distinction.
idle and
was

tediously spent
was,

ceremonials

; and

that

elaborate

example
occurred

for such

follies to the
over

courtiers, from
of this kind

whom

it
soon

spread
after

all
the

bystanding Europe. A scene

of the

arrival de
de

prince

of

Wales that
"

at

the the

French

court. of

Madame mademoiselle
de

Motteville

says, with

At

betrothal
1

Themines

Madame

Motteville.

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

19

the the
of

marquess

de
at

guests
Prance she

the did

Coeuvre, queen Henrietta, who was among this festival, was given by the royal family precedence in signing the marriage-articles,
not
on

which

do such

till after
occasions

all the
had

civilities and been

carried

ances resistto

required
utmost.

the

Then

the

queen-regent of France, Anne

Louis Monsieur XIV.

of

Austria,
Charles

the signed, and minor-king, and then prince of Wales;

; then

Orleans), because
of

the
little

Anjou,
Madame of

was

too de

of (Gaston duke veritable Monsieur, Philippe duke to sign, not being able to write." '

Motteville seldom

proceeds
took
at

to declare

that

the

young

king
branle had of

Prance when

precedence
court,
or

of

Charles

prince
the

of Wales
or so

they

met

when

they

danced

two great apology. The queens the that these ceremonial, arranged representatives in the world greatest kingdoms in their with equal joint-stools ia the
were

brawl, without

the

two

either

accommodated
or

courtly circle. The in his youth, then drawn of Charles about sixteen, was from the life : This well prince was shaped, his very brown complexion agreed well enough with his large bright black was exceedingly ugly, but his figure eyes ; his mouth tall for his age, and He was was surpassingly fine. very and carried himself with dency tendignity. His natural grace
"
"

stood

royal presences, following sketch

to wit

and

of

his

life
in uncle of

he his

repartee hesitated,
father

was

not
even

noticed, for
still
was

at that
a

time

and

stammered,
more

defect

observed
in
no

Charles
^

I.,and
This

seriously
nevertheless de ville Motte-

his
fault

Louis
the

XIII."

defect
as

organs
for the

of utterance,

madame
was

his
in

prince's tongue own language ; but was owing to a proof that pronouncing French,
supposes,
"

his

glib enough in great diflSculty

had not

his mother in her

accustomed
1

herself

to

talk

to

her

children
This

native
sieur Monof

Madame

de Motteville, vol. i. pp. 412, 413. afterwards The inherited

title of
'

child, "the Orleans,

on

veritable the
to

of France,"
Gaston

the

title of

death

without
or
son

sons.

Monsieur" France.
the

always

reverted
was

the

second

brother of
Louis

of the and

XIV.,
of Prance.

reigning king of the patriarch of

Philippe

the
line

only brother lately on

the

Orleans-Bourbon

throne
2

Ibid., p. 376.

20

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

tongue.
shall find
a

For

year
the for

or

two

after

his arrival
was

in

France,
to

we

that

nearly
sojourn

mute

young of want

prince
words.
at

forced

remain

Queen

Henrietta
in

manifested,
an

an

early period
to unite

of

her

France,
de

extreme

desire

her

niece,

Montpensier, to her son de Montpensier was Mademoiselle Wales. in rank, being the first princess in France,
mademoiselle
the favorite in

the
not the

brother

of
Her

Henrietta,
and in

but

likewise

prince of only suitable daughter of the greatest

Bu she show had

heiress
that wit

Europe.
no

portraits at
her
her

Versailles

and

she had sufficient

Gaston

little

beauty,

memoirs, that

to

encourage of

her of

vanity
this

and

tion. presump-

Orleans,

father

fantastic the

royal

first as considering his high rank beauty, was poor, All his first wife's vast possessions,as prince of the blood. and had heiress of Montpensier Dombes, passed to his her for funds often dependent on daughter, and he was and flated this position inwhen she was a woman, very young She took her intolerable self-esteem. pleasure in she opened Henrietta, whenever mortifying her aunt, queen the

subject
that

of

her

union

with him

the

prince

of

Wales to her

; it

is

evident and

she

suspected
"

of indiiference

charms

mentions the matter without advantages, for she never Although I had," she observes, been apparent pique. informed of the wishes of my sxifflciently aunt, the queen of England, when we were together at Fontainebleau, yet I seemed credence not to give the slightest to a second ration decla' "

the

Prince

of
was

Wales friend

made of the

me

through
as

madame

d'Bpernon,
The
me

who
of

the

English royal family.

I

first offer

the his

Prince
mother. he set

of I

Wales,

said, was
not,
what
to succeeded
was

made

by

the

queen

spoken
I
me am sure

himself, whether
I could not
a

really know might not have

great
had
account
on

if he

had
; but

told

in

behalf

of

lover

who

nothing
her
to

Afterwards
that

she had
an

consoles

pride by

self." say for himthe reflection

young
could not

Charles
utter that
de

he she

considered
J

he

because nothing say for himself in French sentence intelligible ; yet have obtained to ought proficiency
de

Mfimoires

Mademoiselle

Montpensier,

torn.

i.

pp.

132, 133.

22 time he

HENKIETTA

MAEIA.

brought his cousin, prince interpreter between us, for, believe

understand
to
me

Eobert it who
to

[Eupert],as
will,though
could the When

an

he not

could

every
least
we

word

said
in

him, he

reply
was
me

the

sentence

French.

ball

finished,and
to the

followed retired, the prince of Wales hotel, and lingered till porter's lodge of my then it made
went
a

entered, and
so

his way.

His
in

gallantry was
the

pushed
winter,
Palais

far
was

that

great

noise at
a

world

that
at the

and

much

manifested there
was

fete celebrated

played a magnificent Italian comedy, embellished with machinery and music, followed by a ball ; and dress of England, would me again my aunt, the queen her hands. three entire with It had taken own days to robe all figured with monds, diaornaments was : my arrange my I wore carnation the jewels of with trimmings.
the
crown

Eoyal,

where

of

France,
me

and very

to fine not

add ones,
a

to

them,

the

queen time

of she
of

England
had
my not

lent

some

which
on

at that

yet sold.

She

said

little

the

fine turn

shape, my good mien, my fairness, and the brightness of my Mademoiselle in was lighthair." placed on a throne the young the middle of the ball-room, and king of France and seated the prince of Wales themselves feet. I at her
"

felt not
"

the I had

least
an

embarassed,"
idea but of

adds

this

modest I In

damsel

but

as

the
of

prince of Wales
this

marrying the emperor, as an objectof pity !"

she marks

regarded
course

the

with malicious egotist'smemoirs, tempt conthe increasing poverty of her aunt, queen Henrietta, the plainness of her the her of attire, humility equipage, as she gradually parted with diamond and every glittering of her former thing, the remnants splendor, which, together with French the liberal she allowance sacrificed she
to

derived her

from

the tion. affec-

government,
the fortunes Henrietta

conjugal
and to

As

of her
was

royal
in

lord grew
to

darker
him

darker,
abandon

queen the and

induced

persuade

Episcopal
peace, such

church advice

England, in hopes of restoration to her being in direct contradiction

The

letters, previously quoted.'

'

agents who
the

undertook

to

See

the

end

of her

first letter,previously printed from

Naaeby capture.

HENKIETTA

MARIA.

23

inform him

the

king

of her

wishes

in this matter These

were

certainlygave
Bellievre, the
in 1646
on

great pain
from

and

displeasure.
who arrived
; and

Prench
errand sent

ambassador,
the
queen,

at Newcastle

this

his court

by

direct advised friends

is lord

his friends
"

there had There

no

that
"

he
"

Davenant, who was from Paris, to tell the king that all his compliance." The kingobserved there who knew ject." aught of the sub" JerJermyn," replied Davenant.
" "

sir William

myn
"

knows

Lord
no

has

said the king. nothing of ecclesiastical affairs," Colepepper is of the same opinion." Colepepper returned Charles what does religion whatever," ;
"

"

Hyde
the

think

of

it ?"

"
"

We

do

not

know,

please your
has of

esty," maj-

answered

Davenant;
remained queen, to the
"

"the
in and

chancellor

forsaken
panying accom-

prince, having
him
him."

with man, the

"

My
never

wife

is in the

Jersey instead her majesty is much Hyde is wrong.

church my
or

offended
an

honest

who

will
"

forsake
he
were

the with

me," exclaimed
Davenant

king
to

I wish

son." had
a

mention
not

"that

the
to
"

queen
into

resolved,
and

if

proceeded her

opinion
to
see

were

taken,

retire
an

convent,
which
who

never

the

king
from

again,"
heart

intimation of
her

gave
drove

the the

severest

pangs

to the

husband,
he

negotiator
him queen to
on

enter

presence, again.' The intention

his

which

never

permitted
with
the

king
of

remonstrated

she deserting him, which had passionately denied, and it is supposed that Davenant of the idle gossip he dared the king with to threaten some in Paris. standing Notwithhad gathered in her majesty's household Charles this sharp trial of his dearest afifections, the preservation of the rethe church stood firm, and owes mainder of her property to his honesty and justice ; and the grand object of the rebels,of dividing her spoilsamong like the the abbey lands, devouring them strongest, and The of despotism vast with met access no legal sanction. to have attained by Henry VIII., in a similar case, seems I. Had he really been a inducement to Charles offered no such an he not have followed example with tyrant, would impunity, and taken the opportunity, not only of relieving her avowed
'

Clarendon's

History

of

the

Bebellion.

24

HENEIETTA

MAEIA.

but of throwing rich sops to the new pecuniary distress, ? set of upstarts greedy for prey monarch No part of the sad pilgrimage of the unfortunate than his sojourn at ISTewcastle, to him more was afflicting with him yet the great body of the people always treated his

respect
to

and when In

affection.
at

little

circumstance, service, the

that

occurred

him

church
course

in that

town, he often

repeated with
clerk

pleasure.
a

the

of
a

the

gave

out

psalm,

chosen

with
"

factious
thou,
works

tendency
thou abroad

"

Why Thy

boastest wicked

tyrant,
V-

The

king
of

arose

and 46th
"

forbade
:
"

and it,

gave

out

the

ment commence-

the

psalm
Have For
men

mercy,

Lord,
me

on

me,
1

would

devour."

The

whole

in his the

congregation joined with the head of the psalm, which and amendment, sang applicableto
course

their
was,

church

indeed,

most

his

case.

In
of

the

of

the

year
arms

1646 her of

the little but

queen

had

the

ure pleas-

welcoming
she
The
was

to her
an

whom

had

leil

infant the

escape
effected
was

of

babe

from

daughter, Henrietta, ter. a fortnight old at Exeof the parliathe power ment
her
race

by lady Morton,
one

governess. of

This

young

lady by
in and had with of
were

of
the

the

beautiful whose

Yilliers,and

greatly
deserved
to

esteemed her the

by
worst

queen,

favor
in

courageous
of her

both fidelity,

certainly attending her

care

she

Exeter

troubles, taking

of

her

infant,
Morton
retire

ultimately bringing it safely to her. been permitted by the parliamentary the infant to the princess from Exeter
Oatlands. The
year

Lady
army nursery
to

palace
the

cashiered,and
to transfer earl it with and

the

penses royal exparliament meditated taking

after,

when

all

child

its brothers of

and

sisters

to

the

custody of the
Morton queen, resolved from

countess to surrender

Northumberland,
this
her.
Memoriale.

lady
to

only
she

little Pere

one

the

whom
^

had

received

Cyprian

Whitelook*s

Parliamentary

HENRIETTA

MAEIA.

26
tutor

Gamache,
details
to

who

was

afterwards the escape

the
; and

of

the
man

princess,
seems

the

story
his

of

the

simple
that

believe,in
troubles

enthusiasm,

that

Providence
order

had his

ordained

all the

of

king Charles, in
"

Catholic. daughter might be brought up a Eoman her Henrietta," he says, and husband separated from of heart children, living in loneliness at the Louvre, had thought intenselyof this babe ; and earnestly desiring her
"

youngest Queen

restoration, had vowed her, that she would rear

a

that

if she in her

were own

ever

reunited

to

her

religion.'
Gamache. of the
times

Can
"

mother

forget
times
to

her

child ?"

repeats pere

hundred queen prayers,

"

each her

day
with

did

the

thoughts
as

bereaved
did of

recur

little

infant;
maternal

many

her

accompanied
he refuse
the

tears, ask
In

her
was

God,

nor

did

the

just request.
should
he

fact,it
to

clearly
mother weakness
;

his will that

and to in

infant it to

be

restored

the

bringing

His

all triumph over goodness inspired

pass, the power

the and

caused of the

feminine

English parliament.
of Morton
to to

countess

divest
assume

herself the poor

of

her

rich

robes
and

noble

ornaments,
as

garb

of

poverty,
the

disguise princess
that little the
was

herself
a

the

wife

of

French dressed

servant, little better

infant

than
in
name

beggar.
like
a

She

wise like-

rags,

beggarto call

boy,
like

and

called sound

her

'

Pierre,'

being
meant name."

somewhat

the
'

herself

by which if she princess,'

Morton
matter
was

creature

asked

her

Lady
no

tall and

easy
the

to

of

Villiers with with

a

disguise the beauty. She, however,

of

elegantly formed, and it was air and noble graceful port

fitted

herself

up

hump
Dover she that of
at
was

her
was

she

to disguise walked her back, giving out that the little princess on declared little boy." Subsequently lady Morton and amused alarmed at the indignation both bundle

linen, and

in this

the the

royal

infant

at

her

rags

and

mean

appearance,
to

and

pertinacitywith
of PJre
the

which

she

strove

inform

every
Coland

MS.

Cyprian Gamache,
volumes I. of

section

115, recently printed by Mr.

collections entitled the Court

bum Times

among

documentary

of Charles

'Ibid.

26
she and

HENRIETTA

MAKIA.

person

passed on
but

the
the
no

road little
one

"

that

she

was

boy,
the

Pierre,

princess."'"
her

beggarFortunately for
not
a

infant

Henrietta,

understood

babblings
from Dover

but

her

affectionate
so

things
Calais
least

guardian. Lady Morton judiciouslythat she crossed the

the
common

had
sea

arranged

all
to the

in

without packet-boat, When

once on

awakening

suspicion.
was

the

French
but

territory, the

royal child lady Morton

"

no

longer "Pierre,"
the that
to

"princess,"
queen

and

made

best

of her

Oh
oh

! the ! the
one

joy
who

of

meeting
the
was

to the way !" exclaims

at Paris.

pere

Cyprian
when

"

consolation
was

heart

of

the

mother,
How

her
times

little
we over saw

lost her

found
the

again.
neck,
this her the kiss

many and
'

her

clasp
The

round

her,

kiss

her

again.
faith.

queen

called
to
rear as

princess
in the first

the Eoman

child

of

benediction,' and
In

resolved

olic Cath-

fact, as
in
me

soon

began Lady
of

to

appear

the

mind the

of

niajesty

honored

by

command

sparks of reason this precious child, her of instructing her." *

caused
a

Morton's
at

successful

adventure and

great
who

deal

conversation

Paris,

Edmund

Waller,

had

her as a leading beauty at the court previously celebrated in which of another of England, made her the heroine poem, In one of his he lauded her to her royal mistress. fidelity couplets (which we do not quote as the best of his strains), he

alludes
**

to
The

lady Morton's
faultless

stratagem
changing
her

thus
faultless
to

"

nymph,

Becomes

unhandsome,

handsomely

shape, scape.''

Henrietta Maria at the presented to queen The little princess, who Louvre, on New-year's day, 1647.' in so born much tures advenwas peril,and preserved amidst romantic than more tion, by writers of ficany invented received was consolation as a sent by her royal mother for her troubles. The and mother by Heaven child, thus wonderfully reunited, were never separated for any length of time centred her to have again. The sad queen seems poem
was
' '

This

Vie

de

Reine

Henriette

(Bosauet).
madame de

'

Gamache
and of

MS.

116.
and

Waller's

Poems.
all

Clarendon,
authenticate

Motteville,

Waller,
the

many rietta, Hen-

contemporaries,

this

extraordinary

escape

infant

HENRIETTA

MAEIA.

27
and

warmest

maternal

affection

in this

youngest
in

fairest

of

her
A

offspring.' parliamentary
year Fronde.
1648.

war

broke

out

Paris
in

in the

first the

days
war

of

the

It is well It

known

rietta Henraged for about Maria, enlightened by sad experience, thus early in the her sister-in-law how to the avert struggle warned Few however, take any warning coming storm.' persons, of the personal suffering; and the war except by their own commenced the 7th of January, 1648, on Fronde, which with of Paris to resist a stormy meeting of the merchants assumed a a house-tax, had heavy illegal alarming very of that in the character course spring. The people took of advantage of the minority of the king, the discontents the princes of the blood, and of the the successes English far demand in to worse a parliament rights which cause, had been gradually extinguished since the death of their took beloved Henrietta Maria Henri a Quatre. just and of the sensible view grievances of her native country, a view well She quently subsebecoming her father's daughter. employed her influence in negotiating a peace with the leaders of the princes of the house of Conde, who were the popular party. this While national convulsion was progressing towards
"

of the

historyas eighteen months.

its
at

Henrietta crisis,
St.

Maria

resided
to

either be
to

at the

Louvre

or

Germain's.
court

She
; she

continued
was

the the

French

invited

of France, who was petitMonsieur Philippe at his confirmation, on the 11th three Two or days afterwards, the news second his
son,

highly respected by stand godmother to of given the name

of

May,
that

1648. her from those

to

arrived

James

duke
in

of

York,

had

made

imprisonment
series of

St. James's

palace,
which
seem

his escape of by one

to

romantic

adventures

pertain
The
queen

sovereign who every had written to James

his liberation
1
'

bore from
'

the

name

of

Stuart.

France, enjoining him

but this intention
was

to obtain

if

possible ;
MS.

suspected

Father Madame

Cyprian's
de

MotteTille, who

is the historian

and

eye-witness of

the

Fronde.

'

Ibid., vol.

ii. p. 185 j Maestrioht

edition.

28

HENEIETTA

MAEIA.

by

the

authorities
was

paramomit
with
in

in the

kingdom,
to

and Tower
one

his governor
if his of

threatened
detected

committal
such

the In
were

charge

were

any

design.
which
and

those

interviews

with James
;

his

royal

father
the

sometimes

permitted,
his bosom
of
never

obtained
retained

majesty
for
an

he

entire it to

year, any
or

approbation of the secret closely in his own without finding an opportunity

consent

confiding
left him

one,

but,
in

as

he
queen

declared,
was

the

idea

night
with chief earl receive of

day.

The

in

constant

correspondence
of James.
to

agents

The
the not So
was

England to that difficulty was,

Northumberland,
any
letters the whatsoever

effect he had

the

escape

given
that

promise
he would

his

governor, without

his

knowledge.
that, as
he

did strictly going into

boy keep his promise, young the in St. James's tennis-court

knew

palace, a
offered
"

person,

whom
letter

he

to

slip a
the

into

his

It is from

queen.'' James

perfectly faithful, hand, saying softlyto him, I must answered, keep my

to be
''

I cannot it." As he receive promise, and for that reason taken spoke thus, he passed onward, so that no notice was of the told at to the was colloquy. This incident queen much was Paris, who displeased,and said, angrily, What ?" He James wards aftercan me by refusing a letter from mean, explained to her, in Paris, that his boyish honor was declared that she was satisfied. After pledged, and the queen he had effected his escape, the royal youth remained on that portion of the English fleet which board had forsaken the taken rebel party and He refuge at Helvoetsluys. his flag there hoisted lord admiral the English as as ; and sailors were much etta encouraged by his presence, queen Henri"

leave to continue on gave him prince of Wales, prepared to leave

"

board,

In star

this

madame year," observes reigned against kings. de

brother, the Prance to join him there. de Motteville, a terrible

"

and

his

On
I

the
went

14th
to

of
see

July, 1648,
the queen

mademoiselle

Beaumont had retired

and
to the

Henrietta, who
in

convent

of
the

the

ites, Carmel-

order

to in

compose

her

mind her
son

after

had who

endured had

parting with departed to take

the

anguish she prince of Wales,

of the

the

command

English

30
thanks
to and

HENEIETTA

MARIA.

was,

God,
future

very

different also in dark

to

the

other

in

their
to

intentions,
appearance dreadful
and her her that

different

their

effects,yet
!"

all the

the

lowered
battle

enough

During
at

days of the first

of
the

of the

Barricades

Paris,

from came gate of St. Antoine, Henrietta peacefulresidence at St. Germain's, and sojourned with

royal
herself

sister-in-law

at

Paris, sharing

her As

hopes
yet
the that
she

and
had her to

fears, and
not

supporting her lost all hope

The
time now,

by
of

her

presence.
restoration drew

the

of
near

king
was

husband.
show

however,

to be blighted. dismally that hope was At the the alarming juncture, when royal family of rietta Henfrom Prance driven Paris by the Pronde, queen were at St. Germaincourageously exchanged her residence Her de Montniece,mademoiselle en-Laye for the Louvre. it was when the prince of Wales went to pensier,observes

how

Holland, which
assumed
at

was

in the

summer

of

1648.
an

Public

affairs
in

this

period
in the

so

dangerous
of
of

aspect

Paris
to

that

the

regent-queen,
herself been

Anne

Austria, thought it best

St. Germain's. of the

strengthen policy has

station ancient of

chdteau

Modern

wholly regardless
; but

commanding
and in

that

fortress
was ever

it is
as
a

formed bridle
on

by nature,
Paris. Seine
the in

times of

used

Its bold

range

cliffs, following the windings of

dense

front,

its flank

be

guarded by a forgotten by the Bourbons centuries,but not by

the
wars

forest
of the

of

the

thirty miles, might teenth eighteenth and ninewho

at

warriors
"

could St.

ber remem-

of

Henri de

Quatre.
Medicis In
to

When

Germain's,"
seem

observed

Marie
foot

Bassompierre, "I
of

to

have
court

one

in Paris." to

fact,Anne
commands

Austria those view the

of

and

her

retired the of
scene

this
are

fortified
aware

ridge, which
a

familiar
one

with
arm

Paris.
that

The

royal by
came

between
was

city and
them,

occupied army the Seine. Queen

the Conde
to

long plain below, Henrietta, who

had
real

much

beloved with

family, and
Louvre
mediatrix

great
pose purthe
was

influence of

the

for the

undertaking
and the

the

oflSce of

between which
to

people regent-queen, an Much ultimately successful. was,

ofliee

in

she done

however,

be

and

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

31

suffered

before
and

either reason,

party would
and to

listen to the

suggestions
Paris year
and 1648.

of peace

the

etta's representations of HenriThe

dearly bought experience.

the
war

siege
close

of

of the
was

Fronde

darkened in

the
the

of the

Henrietta faction
time of

beleaguered
Frondeurs,

Louvre Paris
was

by

the
at

Parisian the
same

the

while

St.

from besieged by the queen-regent, her sister-in-law, ent Germain-en-Laye. Thus, our queen passed the inclemand

dismal

Christmas

of

1648

with

reduced

hold, house-

shut divided
and state

up in the vast edifice of the between around the civil war

Louvre,
her
and

her
the The

thoughts
distant

darker of

prospect
often

of

affairs

in the

England.
passage of

besieged
couriers

Paris

obstructed

the

husband, and brought despatches from her unfortunate thus her misery was tantalized by suspense.' de Cardinal of the Eetz, the principal leader Fronde, paid a visit of inquiry on the 6th of January, to learn of the desolate of England, after a what had become queen and had conskirmishes series of furious vulsed slaughters which Paris during the days immediately preceding the It was well that he had 6th of January. not forgotten her, been last loaf was sumed, confor her eaten, her last faggot had of purchasing of the means and destitute she was of of the leading spirits The was one cardinal, who more.
his age, any
was
a

who

friend
the

of the
snow

queen.
was

He

found

her

without

though fire,
the It
was

sittingby
Henrietta.
"

bedside

of

her
but

fallingdismally ; she was little daughter, the princess

the

noon,

child
"

was

still in

bed.

You

find
my for

me,"
have

said

the

queen,

calmly,
not

keeping
poor

with

Henrietta.
we no

I would

let the

company child rise today,

but four the

fire."
was

The

little princess was with

sent

years
extremes

old when of

she

thus The

sharing
cardinal

her

mother

destitution.

queen

etta Henriwhich

she the
1
2

immediately from his accepted thankfully.' And what

assistance sad
Madame

own was

resources, the

queen
de

of

Charles
Memoirs. Cardinal

I. in

her

desolate

occupation of watch by her

Motteville's Memoirs
of

Autograph

de

Eetz,

vol.

i.
'

Confirmed Ibid-

by

madame

de

Motteville.

32
little

HENKIBTTA

MAEIA.

child?
the

The

date

among
that
our

archives
"

question.
poets.
We On

What
find

following letter, long of Eussia, most touehingly answers one pathos in a date !" exclaims
of

the

hid

of

it

so

indeed,
of

in

many

an

historical

coincidence.

her

the tial providenJanuary, when and Henrietta Eetz visit of De possibly saved queen ceived refrom little one perishing by destitution, she had the heart-rending tidings that the military terrorists

this

6th

in

London

were

about husband

to ; and

institute her

tribunal

to

sentence

the

king, day,

her

was

ambassador

ful occupation, on that eventFrench the to writing the following letter de Grignan, entreating to be in London, count
come

permitted destiny :
"

to

to

London

and

share

her

husband's

Henrietta
"

Maria
:
"

to

M.

de

Grignan.^

Monsieur
"

de

Grignan the
means

The
to

state
see

to which him

king
he

my

lord

finds

himself

reduced

will

not has of

let

me

expect
me

by

the of

heretofore of the two

hoped.
chambers
to go

It is this that

brought

to

the and

resolution the

demanding
of their from army

[both
see

houses in

ment] parliaI
treat en-

general
receive this

passports
le cardinal will

to

him
to

England.
all that that
to

*'

You
of

will you

orders

M.

[Mazarine]
the

do

for

expedition, which
to their but address. to

be to deliver
I have

letters

I send the liaments par-

you

herewith, according
and to the

speciiied nothing
to say go to
see

general then,
will all my

give

me

the

liberty

the

king my
there I may to

lord, and
*'

I refer
must

them

to you,

to tell them you me,

; in
are

all I would
to to

more me

particularly.
to go

You
as

know,
a"

that

ask

passports for
at

stay

long
and

they

permit
people
that them

and

be

liberty

all the

time

be

there,
that
are

likewise send the

a

regard
be

to whom attend

it will be me,
or

necessary that

to say,

I will any in

list of those of

I wish may

shall

in

order

if there may

number

that

suspected houses,
and

obnoxious, they
for the in what

be
"

left behind.

There
You

are

letters
see

for the
all these and how that

of apeaJcers

both

general [Fairfax].
manner

will

persons,
you find will
a

and them

let

me

know
to

they
wish.
j I wish
ceeds suc-

receive dare it too

not

the

matter,

disposed
me

satisfy
of

this

promise myself
to
assure

they
of

accord time

the
so
can

liberty
be

going

much
; but

myself
all my of

it at

when

little of what

I desire
shall for

if,by
have
add

your

negotiation, these life,as

make
to

passports
doubt.
you

obtained, I happen)
de

deem all the

myself
care
"

obliged

to you

I shall
no

(whatever

may

you

taken,
no

which

I shall

more,

except

assure

that

I am,

monsieur

Grignan,
R.

most

truly,
the

Your

very

good friend,
"Henriette

Marie,

"

From

Louvre, this 6th

from
an

of

January,

1649."

Translated

inedited

autograph

in

the

Imperial Library

of

St.

Petersburg.

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

33 the
an

About
wrote to

the her

same

time, probably

on

same

day,
of

she

husband

(by
her with she

one

Wheeler,
sense

agent
she

major
dition, conan

Boswell),' expressing
adding, equal share, and
with to him ;
nor
"

deep
all

of

sorrow

for his bears

that that

his

afflictions
to die

wished

can

she
she and

live without hath done

and to

him, or hopes of being

will

for

at least

restored
in

him, for whom

do

her

utmost,
She

all

possible ways,
wrote
a

still trusts
"

help

him."

wise like-

letter

endorsed

To

her

trusty and
he be

well-beloved
that

Thomas she

lord

Fairfax, General, desiring his

husband
to

assistance

might see the king her against by any trial,and coming and returning."
French him
mere

before pass letter was

a

proceeded
her
secure

have

for

Which

delivered

by
sent

the

ambassador
to

to of

general Fairfax, and, being

commons,
was

by
the

the

house
"

thrown

aside
voted

with

remark,

that

the

house
'

had, in 1643,
de and

her

majesty guilty of high treason." The cardinal day on which very

the
made

Eetz her

had

discovered

destitution
an

of

queen

Henrietta

little

child, he

eloquent appeal to the parliament of Paris in her it were whether behalf, asking them possible that they would Quatre to be permit the daughter of their Henri such reduced dire distress ?" The to parliament instantly voted her a subsidy of 20,000?. But Henrietta, honorably in the cruel mother's which her manner remembering officers had I. by asking alms Charles of the compromised not English parliament, would accept the relief without the permission of the queen-regent, who granted it readily.' had of her account sent an extreme Previously Henrietta
"

destitution

to

and food for

"

queen-regent of France, then craved some present relief in order

the and her servants.
was

at

St. Germain's,

to procure Austria
own
swered, an-

herself

Anne

of her

that

the

destitution she
to
nor

equal
had
or a

in

hold, housethat

for neither had neither credit

the
a

king
dinner

sous,
a

and
*

she

obtain

gown."

1 3 *

Memoirs M^m,
Letter de of

of

Henrietta
de

Maria, 1671, p.
Motterille. to his

42.

'

Ibid.

Madame viscount

Lisle

father, the

earl

of Leicester, dated

January,

1648-49.

34

HENRIETTA

MAKIA.

Sometimes,
the

when

Paris
servants

was

more

than

usually
in search
or

uous, tumulthad

household

of

queen directions

Henrietta, who
of
to

dispersed themselves
rallied

in various to

food,

round

her, either
of
in the

protect her,
; and

be

protected
royalist
for views interclaims ex-

by the defences nobility left

shelter.
with this from earth the

Louvre
French

sometimes
came

the

the
de queen

metropolis
these very occasions.
which should

thither

Madame the

Motteville
on

had

frequent
its

"Hither,"
the

writer, with
power
come,
"

eloquence
"

draws

grandeur
of the

of

truth,

hither

great

destined to a they who deem themselves permanent puissance ; they who imagine their magnificence, their pleasures,and their apparent glory will never cease, ceived here have to meditate, and to be undecome they should of this in their false destitution opinions ! The was enough, yet she royal lady was distressing, aiflicting told me it was light in comparison to the apprehension that her heart of the laid on to was greater calamity which
"

have

come.

But

it

was

the the

will

of

God

that

she

should
and the

feel the

difference

between that
can

greatest prosperity

greatest
^

be truly said happen in this life. It may that she experienced these in their extremes." two states Yet the queen's ever certain a sanguine temperament gave in the in the buoyancy to her manners daytime ; it was silent watches of the night that her fiill heart relieved was of the The English newspapers by tears. day contrived, the of accurate Paris, to obtain notwithstanding siege knowledge of the real state of her feelings. The queen," her from in the devotions house of they said, is returned

misery

"

"

the
seems

Carmelites,
not her
'

where

she

hath
state her

been of her

for

divers

dejected at
ladies
A

the

husband
are
more

days ; she in England,

sad

yet

declare

that

nights

than

usual." occurred the

dead

since which

and cessation pause Henrietta had queen

letters

have
of all

whatsoever
1
'

intelligence had despatched to London been tion recently quoted. No informathat was going on there had reached
iii. pp.

of

Madame Moderate

de

Motteville,

vol.

150,

151. 28 to

Intelligencer, from Ellis,Historical

December
vol.

January

4, 1649, quoted

by

sir

Henry

Letters,

viii. j second

series,p. 344.

HENRIETTA

MAEIA.

35
and

her
1649.

during
The
access

the civil

principal part
strife
in and and

of

January
Paris
to the must

around
letters
we

February, had stopped

; and in
our

the this
and

of all courtiers
state of

Louvre leave

agonizing
trace
"

suspense
of

queen,
in

the
dim

consummation

that

great tragedy

land, Eng-

said, forebodings of which," she afterwards so heavily oppressed her heart.'' To I. during the give the personal history of Charles he four and suffered through which struggled after years his sad separation from the partner of his heart would far The exceed limits. our plan of this biography of his queen of the histories be the of his reign, must exact reverse which cleave to to note Charles, and scarcely condescend
"

the

what

became

of

Henrietta.

On

the

contrary,

we

have

but

ence, given glimpses, through the loopholes of her correspondof the long series of battles,lost or won, persecutions and led her monarch to a violent imprisonments, which
death.

King
the

Charles

I. had

escaped
induce

more

than to show

once

from

his

enemies, yet nothing

could

him

to the

French

piteous and degrading sight of a king of Great Britain his It has been noted that it was as a suppliant in France. an conviction, from early period in the struggle,that the rebels meant his blood ; yet he preferred enduring to shed the worst that cruelties they could find in their hearts to
inflict
was
on

him,
Yet
moments.

rather

than

abandon

his

country.

Charles few

right.

his

daily

life in

England

presented

enviable

**

When

all And

was

done
was

that done in

man

could

do,

all

vain,"
a

he
of

passed
his
old

his time cavaliers

either has
without
a

as

fugitive or place
man's where

prisoner.
battle
to rest

One
of

described
a

him, after the

Naseby, wandering
Often
of
more

his head.

he

dined his

"

at

very

poor

one

of
than

lowliest who

subjects,who
had sold upon lower him
us,

the charity on house,'' perhaps needed money

to

those

his enemies.
never

Again
a

the

observation
one

is forced
of

that

was

Stuart

betrayed by

the

classes.

Sometimes

the

uu-

36
fortunate monarch
"

HENHIETTA

MAEIA.

starved,
in the successive
at

sometimes field."
"
"

the No

journal is,

dinner

entry dinner,"
"

in is

the
the

entry for several dinner; supper himself, writing

from

days.
"

Another,
cruel

Worcester, Nicholas,
mentions

to

mentions
over as

the

queen
:

when he
and the

marching
it to

Sunday, no king day." The receiving a letter hills,in Broadway

were

Worcestershire harassed
seems num as

if he

too

much

in mind

body
march

note

well

its contents. in the six

This Caroli-

to

have

been

mentioned

Iter

till

the had

long march, that lasted from it is noted that midnight. Once field all night, at Boconnock down."
the
"

morning his majesty lay in Again, his majesty

poor
widow's. and his

in the

his meat

and
^

drink

dressed

at

Henry
he
was

Slingsby
were

declares, that when

very the
the
some

Sir
tired

king
cheese but

attendants

glad
who the

to

wandering among a pullet and sup on

to his wants attendants in
true

mountains
"

of
;
one

Wales,

the

goodcheese,
their table.

wife
and

ministered

having
it oif from to

king's
she
came
was

being importunate
carried
not the

in

hunger,"
Charles

and
a

royal

rejoice that his faith had ful followers their famine, though wherewithal to satisfy with rebel for," said he, homely viands ; subjects my have left enough from not from to keep us revenue my Eosewell, a dissenting minister, when starving." One a beheld the his boy, by accident fugitive king sittingwith the shelter of a tree in a lonely attendants, resting under field. The not was meanor costly,but from the decanopy very
too
"
"

soldier

of reverential

the

monarch,
of his
did not
never

the

beholder

received

the

most
an

idea
he He

yet enemy, externals."

cultivated
one

had been bred majesty. Eosewell find majesty a jest divested of forgot the personal elegance,
"

its the

manly beauty
of

of

Charles,
which broad

the

grace
him
as

reflected
as

from
an

highlyunder

mind,

gave

kingly
a

air

England's

oaks,

beneath

golden canopy

at Whitehall.

"Sir
executed

Henry by
those

Slingsby (who
Cromwell. The from

wrote

these
of

notations)
daughter,
own

was,

with

Dr. drew

Hewet,
on

death
his

these

loyal gentlemen
Mrs. death.

the

usurper awakened

reproaches

dying
his

Claypole, which

his conscience, and

hastened

38

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

majesty again in played afterwards

queen has had been

his

royal station,
"

in

fact,to

act

the To

part
the

at

the

restoration
the failure

by
of this

Monk.

attributed

treaty.

well Crombe

to brought his wife, a good and loyal woman, interviews presented to his majesty ; he had obtained many the for the king with royal children, and affected to melted into tears

be

when

he

witnessed
was

their

meeting.

All

this

apparent
as

friendliness

suddenly
fact
the

broken

sioned, off,occa-

it

is
a a

said, by the
letter from

that
queen

Cromwell
to
course

opened
was

the of
her

surreptitiously king, which

this letter and husband

hidden alludes

in

she

to the

pack-saddle. In treaty pending

"

the

between

the

" chiefs in these words That she hoped that he : army would the rogues with reward a hempen string rather than with and the Garter with the earldoms, as she had heard

rumor."

'

The

expressions
''

are

like

those

of

the

queen

prudent never written, but uttered perhaps they were by her imconversations with her majesty in one of those ladies by which she so often affairs. injured her husband's This since seems more likely, lady Carlisle was extremely in the at of focus London, busy politicalintrigue. It very
was as

easy

as

ever

for

this

intriguante to obtain

tion informa-

said and did, since her younger everything the queen Catholic brother, lord Percy, a Eoman cavalier, held office in her majesty's household at the Louvre, while the earl of the parliamentary Northumberland, the elder brother, was keeper of the royal children at St. James's palace, and lady
of

Carlisle

herself

had

an

appointment,
person
of the

likewise young

authorized

by
course interhis

parliament, about Queen

brother
and

the

beth. princess Elizaall

Henrietta

naturally encouraged
her

possible between
who sister,
that
the

domestic, lord
her children

Percy,
in their

and

held

custody.
containing
no

"

Others
has than A
scarce

say
never

king himself

wrote

these

words.
lord

The

letter

them
A

been
for

forthcoming, although Harley

it. A Short
to
as

Oxford

offered

less

sum
"

500^.

folio,called
gave the earl of

View Cromwell
the
one

of

the
was

Late
written

Troubles, affirms hy
the queen. of desirous

that It

the
tions men-

letter

which
the

offence Essex that

title of

Cromwell minister

was

It

will

be
a

remembered short
time.

Cromwell,

the

of

Henry

possessing. VIII., bore that

title for

HENRIETTA

MAEIA.

39
with the treacherous

She

herself

kept

up

correspondence
on

lady Carlisle until 1649, deposited with her. Thus

the
of

account

of the

precious charge
existed the
most

direct of

communication
and

tween bechievous mis-

exiled the

court

Henrietta

were

of the

evil reports republican agents ; therefore it and the chiefs only too likelyto be carried between the army. Howsoever this might be, it is certain that off between Charles negotiations were suddenly broken

I. and Court

Cromwell, treaty,
that

and

that,

from

the

time

of

the with

Hampton
the
most

person

pursued

the

king

envenomed

hatred.

It is

evident,
wrote
a

from

friends, or
Such
sir

word the king said every in the Eikon Basilike,that he

to

his

real
ticipated an-

always
he had

violent

death

as

the

conclusion

of his

career.

were

his intimations
and

in the

last interview Oh
! the

with

Eichard

lady
love

Fanshawe.
that

beautiful, the
has left
own

touching memorials of her conjugal

beloved her of
and

which to

admirable of

woman

the

noblest Fanshawe.
and and to his

mankind,
N^ext
were

her
her

cavalier, sir Eichard

to the

band, hus-

sufferingmonarch
affection
to much An

queen

objects
risked

lady

Fanshawe's

veneration.

She
a

suffered Charles.
and

carry

the

queen

king
words

interview

occurred

from message between him, sir

Eichard,
of

during
the the

the

read in her few can lady Fanshawe, which It was sweet simplicity without being moved. Court, in king's melancholy sojourn at Hampton of
was

autumn

1647. the

The
and had

reader

must

be

reminded

that

writer

wife
he

daughter
been times
to

of the

friends,with

whom
"

intimate

upwards. majesty,
wife
not
our

I went
as

three
was

pay
of his

king's familiar from his youth duty to his my

servant,
saw

both

the The

daughter
last time He I

and

the

of

his servant. from

ever me

him when
we

I could took

refrain leave God

to

weeping.
; and

kissed

of him

I, with

to

preserve
me

his
on

The

king patted
if God to

streaming eyes, prayed aloud majesty with a long and happy life. the cheek, and said, impressively,
so;

'Child,
submit

willeth, it shall be will, and

to

but what

you
hands

and I

I
am

must in.'

God's

you

know

Then,

turning

my

husband,

sir Eichard

Fanshawe,

he

40

HENRIETTA

MAEIA.

said,
and

'

Be

sure,

Dick, her, and

to

tell my
my wife.

son

all

have
to

deliver

these

letters

to

I pray

God

said, and bless her,

been thee

preserve
in
man

all wUl
he

be well.'
'Thou

Then, taking my
hast
ever
an a

husband honest

his ! I

arms,

said,
will

hope

Grod

bless

thee,

and

make

did that son.' Thus to my we happy servant part from was after, to the extinguished soon benign light which ' of their God." not forsaken grief of all Christians The Court was departure of king Charles from Hampton from friend in London, occasioned a by a letter he received that secret a signed B. E., informing him meeting of the murderous tions intenarmy-agitators had taken place, in which formed were against him; and the fanatics, master that Dell and declared his majmaster esty Hugh Peters, had better than dead was no a dog." The king escaped from of which Court; the tradition Hampton points out the the still-existing subterranean leading under passages, of clipped trees berceau walk to the banqueting-house, as the The banqueting-house being close place of his exit. he took landed the boat and to the Thames, on Surrey side
"

at Thames

Ditton.
a more

Another
extensive

local

tradition

affirms

that

he

escaped by
extends to

subterranean

gallery,which

Ditton, hunting-lodge opposite to Thames and crossed curred ocby the common ferry-boat. His escape the The on 11, 1647. stormy night of November left by him for his jailer, who never following letter was could tell how he departed :
"

the

Charles

I.

to

Colonel
"

Whaley.
Nov.

11, 1647, Hampton

that
also

Court.

"

Colonel
"I have

Whaley
been
so

^
"

civillyused by
courtesy, by
which I

you

and

major Huntingdon
my

I cannot to desire stuff

but,
the
and

by

this

parting farewell, acknowledge

of of all your sorts your leave

it under

hand
my this

as

continuance

protecting of
behind
are me

household

movables
neither not in
a

in

house, that

they

be
are

spoilednor
that

embezzled. you send

to to

Only there
restore mistress for
me

three
my

pictures here picture

in

which

mine,

I desire
must

wife's my

blue, sitting

chair, you

Kirke;

eldest

daughter's

picture,

"
2

Lady

Fanshawe's
was
one

Memoirs. of the
;

Whaley

regicides, but this letter

1650.

saved

his life.

It is

printed

in

KeliquiseSaorffi

Hague,

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

41
my

to Carew

copied by Beloam, Raleigh.

original of
my

to the

eounteas is
a

of

Anglesea

and I
had

lady Stanhope's picture

almost
over

There

fourth, whioh (it hangs

send to the

forgot : it is the
the board next

eldest

daughter
you
must

in this

chamber,

to the

chimney),
wish my

which

lady Aubigny.
"

So, being friend, "Charies,

confident

that

you

preservation and

restitution,
I rest your

R."

led to exchange king, by a series of adventures, was his imprisonment at Hampton of his Court, in the power of the for detention in the Isle implacable enemies army, of Wight who by colonel Hammond, only acknowledged the
was

The

power
at

of

the

parliament.

Sorrowful

as

his

sojourn
of

finding a strong reaction his people, and for his cause take place among even a majority in his favor in parliament. After six years of war, enormous famine, and taxation, the people had drawn the economical comparisons, by woful experience, between expenditure of their king and that of rapacious democrats. The whole of Charles I.'s annual expenditure, the item of within reckoning even disputed ship-money, was annual million of pounds. The one expenditure voted by him, could not have been less than parliament to oppose ten millions annually. Moreover, the kings of merry land, Engin the olden time, only required their dues from men who had to wring money something ; the grand secret how from who worth men were nothing but the clothes they and the food they consumed, how to pinch a tax wore
"

his

Carisbrook, yet he residence there, the

had, during the twelvemonth

satisfaction of

out

of the

poor
the

man's

candle,
that

his

modicum

of

his brewing salt,

kept his feet from the cold, of the first discovered by the political economists was the king, the roundhead nobles, nor parliament. Neither the excise taxes : revothe bishops of England, instituted lutionists
of

malt,

leather

did vexatious
was
a

this

deed

'

and

what

was

far
new

worse, crimes.

these It

exactions

created
the

numberless

virtuous
i. p.

action, in

reign
an

of

king

Charles

I.,for

Vol.

309, of Toone's
; but

Cihronology,
papers

easily accessible
authors
still
more

authority, for
inimical to

this statement

from

the
and

published by
inferences of

royalty,

as

Whitelock when

Ludlow,
hands

more

startling, regarding
be drawn.

the

public expenditure

in the

republicans, may

42 industrious
husband
to

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

an

cottager
malt
and to and

to

make his

her
own

own

candles,

or

for the

her

brew
more

barley ;

under

Commonwealth,
them

still

in the

Protectorate,

it subjected

race a new inquisitorial inspections from converted of petty placemen, and good into evil,household The duties into crimes. and the king, the ancient nobility, the only victims of the roundheads, but not bishops were

the

poor

suffered

with

them,

in

manner

never

before

experienced.'
the close
of the

It will year

scarcely excite
1648, the whole

wonder

that, towards

population, excepting those themselves the produce of who were sharing among But this taxation, should be extremely desirous of peace. of commons found in when was a majority in the house colonel with the king, Cromwell sent favor of pacification seized those members Pride with a body of troopers, who of parliament who voted for peace into the as they came into a dungeon of the ancient house, and thrust them palace hell.' Whenever of Westminster, called a majority was found in favor of the king, the same violence was repeated.' in in London Two favor of the king, one alarming revolts and the other in its vicinity, crushed with were unsparing
'

bloodshed These

about events

the made

same

time.

Cromwell
The

resolve

to

use

military force
the
plishment accom-

for his destruction.

first movement took

towards November hall of

of
The

this

tragedy
at
to

place
in the ancient

30, 1648.
Carisbrooke
of

king

was

seated

dinner the

castle,where, according monarchs,

the

customs

English

public were permitted to see him at meals. On that fatal day a cadaverous-looking gaunt man, whose indicated was military vocation by his spanner (belt) and scarf, entered, and, placing himself opposite to his majesty,
'

Tooue,
fourteen

vol.

i. p. 310.
was

The
the

amount

of the
incredible

expenditure
sum

of

the

Commonwealth
five

in

years twelve the

new

almost

of

ninety-five millions
of

hundred

and of

thousand excise laws.

pounds.
The

Twelve

millions

this

sum

were

the

produce
"

Guizot'a

English Revolution.
and

same

facts may
these of

be

gathered from
to

Rapin,
I.

Whitelook,
involves the

Ludlow, but
in such facts

the
a

inimical
tedious

of spirit narration

historians

Charles

incidents

contests,
the

that

the
of

regarding the

Presbyterian and with the king pacification

dent Indepenare

lost to

a^rehension

the

general reader.

HENRIETTA

MAETA.

43 all

continued
The

to

regard

him

in

grim

silence

dinner-time.
on

king's few faithful servants, who were waiting whispered together that he was of certainly one
of spii-its

him,
"

the

ill

the

army."
broke

After the
to

the

king
After

rose

from
of

table,one
the had
an

of

his

attendants

ominous

silence the

gaunt

stranger by asking him

he vouchsafed
to
come

eat.
as

wretch been

fed,
evil

growl out,
to

if he

had

indeed

spirit,
"

am

fetch

Hammond

was

the the

governor,

away who
to

Hammond
considered the house of The

^ to-night."

himself
commons,

sponsible re-

for
and
was

king's safety
obnoxious Isaac Ewer The called
was

was

therefore colonel

to the

army.
name

grim
on

man

that

whose

appears among
him The and to break

the

king's death-warrant. a gallant cavalier tellinghim a boat

knew of
and not the

king's attendants,
Cooke,
on

others to

Ned

entreated

fly,

ready
I

the

beach. the
my first

king, who
the house Hammond

open

warfare
"

between

army
word to

commons,

said,
house

have
not

passed
be

the

; I will

the

Escape,

in

fact,was

landing
been brooke
At

from

scarcely possible. the Southampton, of which

of

Two

promise." regiments were had grim colonel

encircled Caris-

the

A cordon precursor. castle as night drew on.

was a

soldiers

of

daybreak there the royal chamber.

kinsman,
was

loud
duke in

knocking
of

at the

outer

door

The

Eichmond, apartment,
a

the

king's
and

attached asked who

was

who
?

slept
"

the

rose,

there
answer.

with Officers, Several

message

from

the

army,"
in, and
"

the

roundhead
came
"

officers to
remove

rushed him.

To

abruptly told the what place ?" asked

colonel Cobbett.
am
-'

king they the king.

"

To
is
no

the

swered ancastle,''

The

castle

castle,"replied
tell
me

the

king.
could

prepared
castle," was
have
named

for any
the
a

castle ; but
curt

the

name." You

"Hurst
not

reply.
Hurst
sea, at

"Indeed!
was
a

worse." the

castle

desolate

block-house, projecting into

connected drawn
out with ; he the

high

tides

scarcely
coach the the
was

Isle

of it.

entered

The Wight. king's Major Eolfe, one of

garrison at Carisbrooke, suspected of conspiracy against endeavored to follow him : Charles placed his king's life,
1

Herbert's

Narrative.

44 foot to
hinder

HENEIETTA

MAEIA.

his entrance,

and

pushed
you
out

the
;
we

armed
are

rufflan
not

back, saying, very

come

coolly,
called of

"

Go

yet
rington Har-

to that.''

He

(the
him

author

his grooms Oceana, who and

his

of had
own

the

chamber,

been

placed
the

about

by

the

parliament)
whom
he had

faithful mounted

Herbert.

The
led him

rufflan

repulsed
side of amused
to

horse,
all

and

rode way.

by

the

the
and

Charles

Herbert

Harrington
as

guess

king's the carriage, abusing himself by making what place they were
all
some concern

going.
Hurst human
as

castle,severed
seemed life,
a

it

was scene

from

with such

suitable

for

murder,

the

king
The
dark

had room,

received
or

was intelligence

meditating against
he
was

him.
was so

rather
were

den,

in which at

immured theless, Never-

that

candles
was

needed ill-treated

noonday.

the
and

king

not

by Cobbett,

who

proved re-

of the blockhouse displaced the original commander for some at his majesty's first blustering insolence arrival. The the loss deprivation felt most by Charles was of the accomplished Harrington, in whose sation literaryconverhe exceedingly delighted. The king's spirits had of this doleful begun to droop with the monotony sea-girt

fortress,when
startled from The of

just
his

three

weeks

after

his

arrival

he

was

sleep by

faithful

bridge. rattling fall of the drawthe solitary attendant Herbert, now

the

royal master, stole forth to learn his fate. Whilst the been incarcerated at Hurst king had castle,the last the parliament and the had taken struggle between army of the intended victim place.^ The was presence needed,
and

his

major Harrison

was

sent

for him.
had
seems

The
in

king
a

had

been of in

against this man, who Harrison assassinating him. the facultyof destructiveness.
1

warned

talked
to

wild

have been
for In the
one

been bred
fourth
of

way insane

He

had

butcher
fifth time

An

expulsion
the

of

the

parliamentary majorities
armed

or

had

been

perpetrated by Cromwell's
author
of of of the
commons

ruffians.
from

these

struggles,
rushed him

Pyrnne,
into the

Histriomaatix,escaped
; the soldiers strode

the troopers, and

house
out

after hurled

him, dragged
him
'

ignoa

miniously
leisure

the

house

by

the

collar,and privileges

violently down
hell,'where
he

of steps flight
to

into
on

the
the

antique

gothio dungeon
of

called

had

meditate

liberty and

parliament.

46 He

HENEIETTA

MARIA.

was

answered, that
The she hears

'

The

princess
'

Elizabeth well is she

was

very

melancholy.'
when
find his discourse the
were

king answered,
death her
old

And

may to.'

be,
We
'

the

father

coming
masses

very
remained
nearer

effeminate, talking much

at

of women." of

While

king
drawn

Windsor,
nearer

vast to the

tary mili-

and

metropolis, and
wrote
:
"

in
"

and

about

as it,till, as

the
were

Venetian

ambassador
and

London

seemed
with

if it

besieged within
were

without."

The

troopers

which

it swarmed

stabled
of

in Westminster

worship, where
hours
was

abbey, and other they duly exercised their

When
on

quartered and desecrated places

destructiveness

in their

of

recreation.

the
the

iron

yoke
of

of

tary mili-

control

firmly fitted
chief

necks the

the
was

people,
fit for
was

Cromwell,
the presence for to As

the

terrorist, thought

time

of the

London,
the

captive king on the scene. January 15, 1648-49, O.S.

his castle, kinsman

He

sent

king
who

left Windsor
was

the

duke

of

imprisoned there, had by bribes and tears his king once see prevailed on his jailersto let him He more. was accordingly brought out by his guards, and the party intercepted the king in his path. Hamilton flung himself his knees before him, with the passionate exclamation on !" of These the only were My dear, dear master
"

Hamilton,

words to

he

could

utter.

"

I have with

indeed

been

dear

master

pathetic emphasis, while he for the embraced his kinsman The last time.^ king was London colonel Harrison to and a guarded by large squadron of troopers, who carried loaded pistolspointed at his carriage. He was brought to St. James's palace,where, for the first time, he was entirely deprived of all the usages of were left royalty. His attendants dispersed,and he was alone with his faithful ciently suffiHerbert, who fortunatelywas literaryto be the historian of his master's progress to his untimely tomb. Meantime, further violent expul'

you," replied the king,

Edited

in his Commentaries by Disraeli,

of

the

Life

of

Charles

I., vol.
beheaded Hamilton's

v.

p. 414. " The March

crime

duke

of

Hamilton,
taken
a

the

earl

of

Holland,
the of

and

lord

Capel

were

6, 1649, O.S., about

was,

five weeks
arms

after the

murder
a raw

of Charles

I.

being
to make

in

at

head
of

Scotch

militia,with

which

he

hoped

diversion

in favor

Colchester.

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

47
remnant until

sions

took

place
the remained

from

the of

intimidated
commons,

who

called

themselves members
task of
;

house who

only sixty-nine
fitted for
in

thought
These
were

themselves

the the

king-killing.
yet,
even

chiefly officers
themselves

array
in

of

these, many
of
and

found their

mistaken

regard their king

"

to

the
to

hardness

hearts, when speak. chamber, it

was

they
After
was

saw eral sev-

face

face
in

heard

him

consultations

the

Painted

that, while
sir Robert

the

tribunal

sat, the
the in

king
was

to

be

agreed imprisoned
ancient

in

Cotton's

house,"

which

part of the

structure

of
next

Edward the

Confessor's Cotton
house his
men

palace;
be the

"that

the

chamber
and
a

study

the
of

chamber

before and

it be choice be

guard

thirty officers
that
two

room, king's beddining-room ; that be placed abovein his ; that

stairs,and
and

of at

them all the

always
into

bedchamber,
the

other

guards
his
the

avenues

king
be the

be

brought to guarded by not only in

and the the
'

trial

the

lower

way

"Westminster
to
on

hall,

body
about

of halberdiers. Westminster

Guards

placed,
leads,

and

hall, but
that

at all windows hall

; that

of the be all

adjoining houses

look towards all without

there
that

hall; and
The

troopers on horseback the back-doors, from

place

called

be stopped up." ' hell,'

supported by ten companies of regicide junta was to sit in three squadrons of horse, and yet seemed foot and uary chamber, Janterror. They met privatelyin the Painted to answer how they were 20th, where they consulted the king's certain objections to their authority. At last, to turn seen Cromwell's very pale : he ran purple face was the he where saw king advancing between to the window,
two

ranks
he the

of

soldiers

from

Cotton
with

house.

"Here
"

he the

is!

here

is !" exclaimed

he,

great animation

hour

of

swer anspeedily what great affair approaches. Decide for he will immediately ask by what you will give him,

authority
which

you
was

pretend
broken is
it

to

judge by the
as

him."

deep

silence

sued, en-

jocose destructive, Harry

a

Marten,
name

who,

supposed
I."

sneer, in

uttered,

"

In of

the

of the
1

commons Trial
of

assembled
Charles

parliament,and
ii. p. 477.

all

State-Trials, vol.

48
the

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

good

people
every to the

of

England."'
commons, of

The
with

mere

sight

of

the

scanty
answers

numbers

of the
avenue

the

choking
force

Westminster

door at the army hall,offered forcible brute of the with tice, pracof
an

is not

of this arraignment; but illegality obliged to be logical. The procession

regicides
sword
was

then
mace.

took

their

way
a

to

Westminster

hall
no

and

Bradshawe,

sergeant-at-lawof
was

their

inbreak hat

of the
to be

president ; as people, he had

lined

he

in

some

terror

with

have

been

taken work.
were

by
When

the

iniquitous
armed
men

high-crowned puritan to seems iron,'a precaution which rest of the lawyers busy on this all was ready, and a large body of
on

caused

his

stationed of

each

side hall

of
was

the set
as

mock open,

bunal, triand

the the

great gate
rushed

Westminster all the his vacant

populace
Whilst the
anxious

into

spaces
to to

his

on king was people crowded

progress
as
near

spectators. Westminster hall,

crying
them
colonel back

"

God

with

justice ! execution !" But their commander as was actively them himself them, bestowing on exerting vigorous among somewhat canings, the cry was ambiguous.' The king was under the guard of Colonel conducted Hacker and thirtyofficers. His two were bright and powerful ; his eyes calm and features composed, yet bearing the traces of care and scattered which had the curls on early snows sorrow,
cry
"
"

Axtel's

majesty their partisans,and the regiment raised

save

your

his person as !" The soldiers

some

ble, possibeat
in

of

the

men

of

Justice

that the

clustered

beneath with his

a

his hat.

As and

tribunal

searching
after, he
on

advanced, he regarded out severe regard, and, withwith and

he

moving
of demeanor.

hat, seated
Soon

himself
rose

his looked

usual
around

majesty
him
was

his eyes
1
'

earnestly dwelt
of the

the

armed

force, which
Temple.
little

but

State-Trials Guizot's
has

Regicides
research

; evidence

of sir Purbeok This is

a

English Revolution, p. 355.

curious
;

circumstance,
it is
tioned men-

which

escaped

the

of

our

native

historians

however,
his

in the
3

State-Trials.
; colonel from

State-Trials
these cries

Axtel's
men
were

trial.
meant
on

The
as

regicide, in
and that

defence, alleged
the

that he

his

complaints against
they
were

cudgelings
on

then
and

found
not

it necessary
on

to

bestow

them,

reflections

him,

the

king.

HENRIETTA

MAEIA.

49

continuation

of the

vast

Westminster

hall,and

crowding the avenues With overpowering the people.

masses
"

of
a
"

quick
turned

and eye himself

gesture," says

about, noting
court, but
was
even

not

contemporary print, only those who were

spectators who
wrote
on
were

he
on

each the

side hall."

of the A

the

in

poet, who

present,
his mien
of
own

the

spot the
crisis
:
"

followinglines, descriptiveof
"

at this awful

Not On In Of

so

majestic
but
men,

on

thy throne
here God's

state

that

angels wait,

expectation whether
life
can move

thee

from

hope or fear thy kingly sphere." '

The

arraignment
when of the
his
commons

was

opened
read
"

by
the

one

Cook,
was

an

obscure
in

kwyer, who,
the
name

he

that

king
and

indicted

assembled him.

the

majesty interrupted
then

The and
;

The the the To

king gold
such

stretched Cook
of

out

his

cane,

people of England," lawyer read on. tapped him on

"

shoulder. head
acute

glared angrily
cane were

round

at that
on

instant

the

fell

off,and
nerves

rolled

the

floor.

tension

the

of every
made
a

one

present
; but

wound
on

up, that whole pause,

this

petty incident
even

great impression
in
"

the

assembly,
in

on

the

august victim

every your

majesty!

every God

interruption,the words the save king!" resounded

God from

save

the

for a choral in the great spectators, as if meant response for silence drama.' proceeded from the Angry requisitions in power vigorous bastinadoes, together with ; some persons

proportion of kicks and people by the military ruffians

a

due

cuffs,were
at the

bestowed

on

the

door, accompanied
Then
the

by
the

threats

of

murderous

treatment.

voice
the of

of

regicide-advocate was
The ominous

heard, recommencing document,

than under at
or

ment. arraignfirelocks

terror

pointed against protestingvoices, was

with from
1
'

last read
two of

through,
contempt
answer, in

no

other

comment

smile

the

king.

Bradshawe
the

then

demanded
p. 354.

his

Keliquise Saerae, printed at

Cook's Ibid.
"

Hagne, 1650,
who
swore

trial.

"

State-Trials. of
for

'

Bridence the your

Joseph Heme,
time
"

that heard

when bat

the

king

was

brought
"God

to

bar,

some

nothing
ii. p.

could

be

acclamations

of

save

majesty

!"

Vol.

715.

60
his

HENRIETTA

MAEIA.

had pated, anticiguilty. As Cromwell the authority of the the king denied court, though in the illustration, that there were observing, not power, those of highwaymen and bandits as illegal ; powers, many the house of had that likewise commons agreed to a treaty he was at Carisbrooke, since which with him when of peace

plea

of

guiltyor

not

"

'"

he

had

been

is Colonel it
was

not ? ?
an

Wight

place to place. There the king; ask him whether Cobbett," continued from the Isle of by force that he brought me the just privileges of a house Where of comare mons
"

hurried

violently from

Where

are

the

lords ?

see

none

present
'

to

stitute con-

where is the king ? assembly of parliament. An Call you this bringing him to his parliament ?" earnest between the ensued Bradroyal prisoner and argument the monarchy of England shawe, on the point of whether
was

And

elective the

or

not

; and

when

the

man

of the

law
court.

was

worsted

in
was
"

dispute,he hastily adjourned

from your
the of the hall amidst I God that
save

The

king
of

taken bless
was

the you

irrepressiblecries
from
of

God

majesty
the

your

enemies
took

I"
in

Such
the

only part

the

people

England

trial

Charles

First.

brought before his self-appointedjudges king was similar again and again, when dialogues took place between him and Bradshawe ing day, however, brought an alarm; each
desertion stanch
to their

The

from

the

ranks task.

of those Twelve
in

who members

were on

supposed
the
trial

bloody
vote
or

first
to
a

day
among

refused

to

assist

bringing

the

conclusion. his

The

king's conduct

caused

destroyers ; they sat in days of his trial, devising petty

perplexed discussions council vening during the interschemes for

breaking

his is

moral

beyond spiritsamong
off,and
and that that

and impairing that innate majesty which courage, the power of brute force to depose. Some base

them
two
men

proposed
should be
him

that hold up

his

hat

should

be

pulled
them
;

his head
in

between
and

he
to
'
2
"''

should divest

dressed

his

robes them.

crown,'
far
as

meaning

ignominiously of
Revolution. I. State-trials
of

As

Gtuizot'a

English
Charles

Trial

of

Axtel, Harrison,

etc.

Dugdale'a

Diary.

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

51

mere

bodily
calm

means

went,
of his their

Charles

was

utterlyhelpless, yet
him
from

the

power

demeanor malice in
had

preserved
contrived
:

the

personal obloquy
him, but
household could

they
the

butchered
of

not

succeed

degrading
dismissed

him.

Some

his

servants,

although

by

regicidal
; when

party,
he the

were

ready
to

to receive

their

unfortunate

master

returned
entrance.

Cotton
The

house, they clustered,weeping, troopers who

them
their

round

held
"

the
You

king prisoner
can

reviled their had these

them,

and

bade
not to
or

depart.
as

command

absence, but
other
were

tears," observed
which had

Charles.'

He
;

friends two

part from,

faithful, though
been the

lowly

dogs, panions comHe of all his wanderings. sent them to Henrietta.' Seven the king agitated days passed away, during which had appeared thrice before his self-constituted judges,when, the 27th of January, alarmed on by the defection of more than half of their numbers, the regicides resolved to doom their victim further without and without mockery of justice, Indeed, this evidence chiefly producing their evidence. the king consisted of the depositions of witnesses who saw of his rallying perform acts of personal valor in the field, broken regiments, and leading them up to the charge, and of a thereby ofttimes redeeming the fortunes desperate field. His valor at not Cropredy bridge was forgotten, These details,however, only though turned against him. had devoted proved that, when loyalists arrayed themselves in his cause, the king had shared their perilsto the utmost. With the determination of pronouncing the sentence on which they had previously agreed, the king, for the fourth of the regicidejunta. time, was brought before the remnant
Bradshawe the When of them
was

three

robed
an

in

red,

circumstance

from of the but

which
scene.

king
the

drew

intimation

of the
was

conclusion read
over,

list of

the
:

members
with that

forty-nine
the
of trial

answered As
the
"

miserable the
to

remnant
name

proceeded.
a

clerk Not of

pronounced
a

Fairfax,

voice

cried the
"

out,
name

such Cromwell
is

fool
was

as

come

here

to-day."
voice
claimed, ex-

When

called, the
and
a

Oliver

Cromwell

rogue

traitor."
2

When

Moderate

Intelligencer.

Ibid.

52
Bradshawe
answer, uttered

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

the

words,
"

"

that

the
commons

king

was

called

to

by
in not
"

the

assembled
voice
was

people, before It parliament,"

"

the
is

England false," again responded the

of
General the

;
now

one

half-quarter of them.''
towards issued
the from

attention voice
of
was a

turned
one, there.

gallery,for
a

female
ladies

and
A

great

among disturbance among the

group

masked

symptoms
oaths heard
women,

of resistance execrations
the

place, and many populace. At last,the

commander

took

and

of the

ruffian

Axtel

were

above

to which
:
'"
"

mixed with epithets against uproar, gross he added the following command to his

soldiers where
and

Present
'

your
A dead

pieces.
silence

Fire

"

fire into
and
a

the

box
rose

she

sits I"

ensued,

lady
Her not

quitted the gallery.

was

She
the

was

lady

Fairfax.

band husharm

still in power

ruffian

Axtel

dared

will lofty protest against a public falsehood and remain of female moral as a glorious instance courage, letter The earnest personal, till history shall be no more. the queen had written, entreating the parliament and army her royal husband's be to permit her to share prison, may

her.

This

remembered.
same

It is known

that

she the

wrote

to Fairfax

on

the

ably probgeneral's wife was tender the result of Henrietta's appeal.'' When this extraordinary interruption was suppressed by force of arms, another after the regicides soon arose among themselves. Bradshawe was proceeding to pass sentence the the whole of the of members on king, who demanded subject.
the to

The

conduct

of

house be

of

commons, to
rose
"

and hear
in
we

the

lords

who
one

were

assembled

it, when tears,

hearts
and

of the
?

colonel

Downes,'
will ruin

in

England, the regicides, tion greatest agitaare

in

exclaimed,
"

Have

of

stone

we

men

?"

Tou

us, and

one

of the

members,
colonel
"

yourself too," whispered pulling him down one on

held him
;

Mr.

Cawley,
"

side, while
other. If

his friend
1 2 '

Walton
of

down
evidence

on

the
of sir

State-Trials, Lady
the
Fairfax

that
was

the

regicide Axtel
of lord

Purbeck

Temple.
took

daughter
his

Vere that
on

of

Tilbury. repentance
such is the

State-Trials, p. 496, where

fourth
it is in

it appears

Downes'a
list ; and

place
lowed fol-

on

day,

as

name

appears
most

the of

assertion,
has

though

contradiction

to

histories

the incident.

Guizot

the

documentary

authority.

54 The recovered his of

his

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

king
where

his

serenity before
How
could

he

arrived

at the ?

place
The his

sedan

stood.

it be

otherwise prayers

voices

affectionate
rose

people, in
the

earnest

for One
"

deliverance,
to and

high

above the

brutal

tumult.

soldier,close

him, echoed

help
to the

save

earth. for
a

"

your Poor

majesty!"
fellow
'

cry of the His commander

the

people.
"

God
him

struck
"

I" said

king
hired

it is

heavy

hootings of the he replied,coolly, Poor souls ! they would military mob to their generals for sixpence.'' As the royal say the same victim pulled off their approached his chair, his bearers in attitudes receive him. reverential stood to hats, and the wrath This of Axtel, unbought homage again roused ored who, with blows of his indefatigablecudgel,vainly endeavthe their heads. to to prevail on men cover poor tired with its patrioticexertions that Whether his arm was he found the combativeness of the laboring day, or whether
"

blow

small

offence."

To

the

class of is certain

his

countrymen
bearers

indomitable,

is not

decided, but

it

the
in

God the

tion. persisted in their original determinathe king's chair As Axtel followed down King street, Do you have our king carried spectators called to him, hath the hired who a chair, like one common plague ? !" hands As out of such as soon as help him yours Hark bert ye," said he to Herking arrived at Whitehall, a nephew [Charles Louis, prince Palatine]and ; my the
"

'

"

"

few power

lords
to

here, who
see
me.

are

attached

to

me,

will time

do

all in their is short I

see can

I thank

them, but my
to

and
my
one

precious, and
friends but
me

must take

be

devoted offence

preparation.
I refuse to
me

hope
any do

will not children.

because those
'

my
now

All

that

who

love

for

is to pray that to

for me."
the

It

very would
"
^

appears anxious
have

fanatical his

buffoon, Hugh
on

Peters, was majesty, and

his presence

intrude

aid spiritual

his into

thrust
Narrative. of colonel than

his

abhorred

person

Herbert's State-trial

State-Trials. Axtel.

Hackney
or

sedan-chairs
any

were

at

that

era

more

commonly London,
s
on

used

hackney-coaches,
of the

coaches, by those pavement.

There

who
were

traversed

account these

bad

state

of

the

public

-stands,where
Herbert's

conveyances

could

be hired.

Memoirs.

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

55 the humane and

but

was

expelled by

colonel

Tomlinson,

of the guard. Several of the sentinels manly commander smoke the endeavored to posted within king's bedroom but were tobacco, and practise other annoyances, prevented conduct Charles most was by Tomlinson, for whose ful. gratePermission before the
was

to

be obtained either
to

from
see

the
his

clave regicide conceive re-

king could religiousaid according

of

children, or
The

his

own

belief.

night
ing knock-

his condemnation of
the

he

was

workmen,
Charles

who
In the

deprived of rest by the the were commencing

restless watches
found of

scaffold turbed perthe

for

his

execution.'

that

night
papers lines is in
from

finished the

his verses, duke of

among The
:

of appear them

his

kinsman,
been

Hamilton.' his sentence

last
there

to have

written truth.

after

the
cast

pathos
in
our

of

Their

ruggedness
which
is

arises

being

impracticablein
"

Sapphic metre, language :

"

the

nearly

Great All the

monarch

of

the

world,
the this

from of

whose

gift springs

puissance and
the

might
sad

kings, sings.

Record

royal

woe

verse

"

Nature

and

law, by thy
root dim of diadem

divine

decree

(The only
With
my

righteous royalty),
invested
me.

"

The

fiercest my

fiiries which
"

do

daily tread head,

their

Upon
Are

grief
who
to

my my

gray

discrowned
owe

those

bounty

bread.

"

Churchmen Mechanics The

crown

are

chained, and
and

schismatics

are
"

freed,

preach,

holy fathers
with the

bleed,

is crucified

creed.

"

My
So
Is

royal consort, from

many

whose

fruitful womb
come.
a

forced

princes legally have in pilgrimage to seek

tomb.

'

Clement is
at

Walker,
It

contemporary

Presbyterian
that

writer, king Sunday

affirms

this

fact,

which

disputed.
Whitehall.
not

night
work window have
'

is,however, certain time The being short, the

and

the

passed

the

Saturday

intervening, when
a

could

of the worked
in

publicly be done, banqueting-room, having

the dark
hours of

considerable
to

be

alterations,a passage from effected, the carpenters must

and

Saturday

night

Sunday
Duke

morning.
of Hamilton.

Percy

Reliques, and bishop

Burnet's

History

of the

56
"

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

Great Whilst Poor

Britain's
o'er his ! he

heir

is forced

into his

France,
foes

father's

head
out

advance

child
mine

weeps power

his

inheritance.

"

"With In So

own

my the

majesty they wound, king

himself
s

the doth

king's
the obtain
are

name

uncrowned,
!

dust

destroy the diamond privilege than

to
answer ere

"

Felons

more

I j

They

allowed for
me

they

die

'Tis death
"

to ask

the

reason

why
I
to
woo

'

Tet, sacred
Thee Such
to
as

Saviour, with
and not

thy
know

words

forgive,

be bitter
not

(thou knowest)
my my

what

they do !

"

Augment
Preserve

Yet, though

patience,nullify my hate. and inspiremy mate and bless this church we perish,
children,

; state

!"

The

king
to

was

removed

from

"Whitehall, Sunday, January

he

28th,

St. James's in the

preach
poor

palace, where private chapel.

"

heard
to

I wanted

bishop preach
in

Juxon
to

the

wretch,"
"

said

the

absurd

fanatic,Hugh

Peters,

great

' hear me." would not indignation, but the poor wretch entered the of his captive When bishop Juxon presence sovereign,he gave way to the most violent burst of sorrow. Compose yourself,my lord," said the king ; we have no time of the great waste to on grief; let us, rather, think
" "

matter.
a

I must hours

prepare
to

to render

appear

before

God,
I have let
us

to

whom,

in

few

I have

death
to
men

with
me

calmness,

and

account. my will that you

render

in whose
"

assistance. your I have hands shall have

them it.

Do

not

hope to meet the goodness speak of the

thirst
; I

fallen.
will

They
be
done

for

blood,
thanks.
more

they I forgive
them."

God's
all

give
say

my him
no

sincerely;
the

but

let

us

about
two

It

was

with

that greatest difficulty

the
be

sentinels,appointed by
on

the door

regicidal junta, could

while his

kept

the
in

other

side of the

majesty
two

was
or

engaged
three
1

his
to

devotions.
see

minutes,
demanding yells of
to
"

that
of

he

They opened it every had not escaped.

of and

On

the

reasons
"

sentence !"

death hustled

being passed, the

him
away.

soldiers
verse

raised alludes
2

Execution

execution

This

that

circumstance.
; evidence
on

State-Trials

the

trial

of Hugh

Peters.

c
a

B
" a

(s"

S
en

-a

8
o

.o

"w*

SttUavt M*naSoil ^MWd^V^o^^ ,648 ^fl^favpS^ '^^i^vnai.-y

'*V

^-S5,^a-^:J"'

yff

W^^-;

Ml^
/

^^^^
Un

#
:

7^/ct/^

w/Umcu

SoT"^^

58 his

HENRIETTA

MA.EIA.

on

knee, he said, Sweetheart,

'

now

will

they
I

cut

off

thy
will

father's

head.' upon
him.

Upon
'

which

the

child

looked say

very
;

fastly stead-

Heed, my

child, what
make
a

they

cut

off my

head,
; you

and must

perhaps
not

thee
as

what Charles

I say
and
a

be

king

James

live ;

therefore,
At in

king by them.' replied, I will be torn coming so unexpectedly father exceedingly. And
made
'

which

the

king. But mark long as your brothers charge you, do not be child,sighing deeply,
a

pieces
so

first.'
a

And

these

words,

from his
to

young

child, rejoiced my

majesty

welfare him the to

of

fear

young
and them

keep his God, and he would provide child earnestly promised."

his

soul, and

of the spoke to him religion, commanding for him.^ All

which

The

kissed to take head

blessed

his
:

children,
sobbed

and

called
The

away

they

aloud.

king fervently to bishop Juxon king leaned his

against the window, trying to repress his tears, when, of them as they went through the door, catching a view he from the window, snatched them hastily came again to blessed them his breast, kissed and once more ; then, tearing
himself
and from
to

their

tears

and

caresses, the

he

fell
of

on

his

knees,

strove

calm, by prayer,
tender bereaved
on

agony

While Charles
conclave

this
and to

interview

took

his

children, the
the
the

parting. place between king in sat secret regicides

manner

that

determine It
was

hour

and

of

their
the

victim's

death.
be

with

that greatest diflSculty

junta in, by
was

his

driven gathered together. When they were knot of thorough -going destructives, there small a still greater diflSculty them to induce well, to sign. Cromwhose lated general demeanor always appeared as if stimuthat by strong drink, seems morning to have fortified of caution. After he had spiritsbeyond the restraints
his name, he smeared the ink all
over

could

written

Marten's
Ten
or

face, who
twelve of

instantly
the persons,

returned

the whom

Henry compliment.
colonel

among
that

was

Downes,
extorted

afterwards

pleaded
threats times

their
;

by

him

under

of death

signatures were and as they proved

lives had
were

their
in

assertions

when

consequence.

Colonel
1

changed, their Ingoldsby, who

339.

spared

repositively

ReliquiaeSaorae, p.

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

59
into his the

fused

to sit
; on

as

judge,happened
which

to

come was

room

on

business

Cromwell,
him thou shalt

who

cousin, sprung
of

him, saying,
on

and
"

dragged
time

forward
not

with escape

bursts
!"
^

laughter,
much

This
and

and

with

romping, assisted by several others, put the guided it while he affixed his name.' pen in his hand, and On the night preceding the awful I. was day, Charles blessed and with calm before refreshing sleep. He awoke he drew his curdaybreak, and hearing sighs and moans, tain, and which by the light of a great cake of wax saw, in a silver basin, that burnt his faithful Herbert, who slept in his room troubled of a was on a pallet, by the unrest fearful dream. The king spoke to Herbert, and he awoke. Under the agitation of the direful matter bert impending, Herdreamed that had Laud, in his pontificalhabit, had entered the apartment, had knelt to the king; that they conversed pensive, the archbishop sighed, ; the king looked and fell prostrate." Herbert related this vision, on retiring,
"
"

laughing

on

which is dead

Charles
; had
we

observed,
conferred
that

"

The

dream

is

remarkable,

but

he I

loved

him have

well)
caused
a

would

his

together, it I might have said sigh.' I will now

to

is

possible(albeit
which
the

somewhat

rise,"added

king
hands

"

have

great work
was

do

trembled

while it my

observing that Nay, though

"

combing the not arranged

be not with
to

day." king's hair.

so

this

Herbert's

Charles, shoulders,
to do.
as

well
on

as

usual, said,
wont

head

stand that

long
you

my

take

the

same

pains
is my
as

it

were

Herbert,
trim season,
'

this

second be."

marriage-day
The to
colonel

I would intense at

be

to-day
and

may

cold have

was a

that

the

king

desired
and

warm

additional
Guizot'8

State-trials

of Henry

Marten

Ingoldsby. original
who

English
the the

Revolution,
'

vol. ii. p. 373.

The
of

fair
this

autograph
tradition.
and
even

of

Ingoldsby
of the
who

in

the

warrant

contradicts
warrant

truth

Many
those

persons
to

signed judges,
of

the
like

for

king's death,
were

affected

sit

as

Adrian sat

Scroop,
on

not

members

of

parliament.
them
an

Only forty-six
their
names

the
to the
a

members

the

trial,and
which

but

twenty-six of
never

signed
act of

regicidal warrant,
were

could

be
out

called of the

parliament, since
"

expelled and
those

kept
on

house

by force,

nay, in

far
"

great majority greater number

of

than lord

who

signed
the

were

actually incarcerated
of

prison.
'

Statement

the

chief-baron

trials

the

regicides.

Herbert's

Memoirs.

60
shirt.
"

HENRIETTA

MAKIA.

For,"
may

continued make
me

he,
shake.

"

the

weather have I

is
no

probably
of
am

I would to
me.

sharp, and imputation

God
I

fear, for

death Let that

is not
the he
was

terrible rogues
come

bless my

prepared.
observed,
the

whenever

they please."
St.

He

for and

walk

through
the dawn the

the

glad he had park would

of

slept at
circulate cold.

James's, blood,
Juxon

his

counteract

numbness of

the

Bishop

day. He prayed with the king, and the read 27th to him chapter of the gospel of St. Matthew. the My lord," asked king, did you choose I beg this chapter as applicable to my situation ?" your majesty to observe," said the bishop, that it is the gospel The of the day, as the calendar indicates." king was deeply
arrived

by

"

"

"

"

"

affected,and
At ten

continued the he

his
summons

prayers
came

with
to the

increased conduct
the

fervor.

o'clock
and

king

to

Whitehall,
he
was

went

down

into

to pass.
on

Ten

line

each

side of

companies his path.

banners
was

of

park through a infantry formed

detachment drums
on

which double diers halber-

The

of

On head
and

preceded him, with the king's right hand

uncovered, walked
kindness with
token the

flying and
the

beating.
with left,

bishop

the The

of

king
as
a

of
him

not him

leave
on

humanity gentleman were acknowledged by the utmost a gold etui, gratitude ; he gave him remembrance, and requested that he would till all was over.' The with king discoursed
colonel this
said

Tomlinson.

his

funeral, and
the earl of

that

he
to

wished have

the the

duke of

of it.

Richmond The

and

Hertford

care

his wont, at a king walked through the park, as was of his guard, at the slowness quick livelypace ; he wondered and called out pleasantly, Come, my good fellows, step on If it were that true apace." One of the oflScers asked him, he had concurred with the duke in causing of Buckingham his father's death?" friend," replied Charles, with "My if I had sin than other gentle contempt, no that, as Grod
" "
"

"

knows,
this

I should
'

have

little need
has

to

beg
cited

his
as

forgiveness
an

at

hour."

The

question

been

instance of the

of cer. offi-

premeditated cruelty and audacity on the part of By the time and place, and the mildness
J

the

king's

vol. State-Trials,

ii. p. 744.

"

Herbert's

Memoirs.

HENEIETTA

MARIA.

61

answer,

the had

questioner

must

have
course

days,
like

the

become, in king's ardent

the

admirer.

dently Tomlinson, who eviof his guardship of a few He had been prejudiced, scandal
that

been

many

others, by the absurd

Charles,

spiring con-

had the First. Buckingham, poisoned James This falsehood who was probably invented by the enemies accused James I. of poisoning his son Absurd as Henry. of that day, in the these tales appear, the systematic slanders absence of all wholesome information from the public press, the prosperity of the royal family. had direfiil effect on a As the king drew Whitehall near palace, he pointed to a in the park, and said to either Juxon tree or Tomlinson, brother "That There tree was planted by my Henry." the broad was a flight of stairs' from park, by which It is was access gained to the ancient palace of Whitehall. that the king entered the palace expressly said by Herbert that he ascended the stairs with that way a light step, ; and and room, bedgained his own passed through the long gallery, left with where he was tered adminisbishop Juxon, who pendent the communion to him. Nye and Godwin, two inde-

with

ministers, knocked
assistance. spiritual
" "

at the

door,

and

tendered

their

that

they
now,

have
me

so

not

pray
me

with

Say to them frankly," said the king, often prayed against me, that they shall if they will pray But in mine agony.
that
I shall for be

for

tell them been

"

thankful."

Dinner refused
to

had
eat.

prepared
Sir,"
is
said
so

the

king
"

at Whitehall have fasted may

; he

Juxon,
that

you

long

to-day ;
"

the

weather

cold

faintness

occur."

took a piece right,"repliedthe king ; he therefore said fully, cheerthe and of bread a Now," king, glass of wine. I have let the rascals come. forgiven them, and am the rascals" were not ready. A series quite ready." But had taken of contests place regarding the executioner, and to him. the warrant Moreover, the military commanders, and Huncks Phayer, appointed to superintend the bloody and the jests, of threats work, resisted alike the scoffings,

You

are

"

"

"

The

position of
by
a

these
a

stairs,on

which

sentinel
on

always
them

stood, by
lord

is

clearly

indicated
and

trial
"

for

drunken

murder

committed

Gomwallis

Mr.

Gerard.

State-Trials, vol.

ii. p. 145.

62

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

Cromwell,
'

and
to

had

their he This

names

scratched
to

out
or

of

the the

rant war-

; to

as

Huncks,

refused

write

sign
just
the

order the

the

executioner.
took the
as

dispute

occurred
one

before

execution

guarded
purpose

was place. Huncks and king on his trial,

of

oflScers who for that

like his

had

been
; he

chosen

the

most

furious
altered

of

his from Axtel

foes the

had,

Tom^-

linson, become had, the

wholly

result colonel

of

observations.'

Colonel

and
a

sonal perHewson

meeting of thirtyeight stout sergeants of the army, to whom they proposed, in that whosoever aid the hangman them would among have and lOOL disguise, should rapid promotion in the Every one separately refused, with disgust. Late army. in the morning of the execution, colonel Hewson prevailed in imdertake the to his on a Hulet, regiment, one sergeant preceding night,
detestable Blisha office ; and brother
while this

convened

business

was

in water

Axtel,

of the

colonel,went
and

lane, beyond the Tower, mary reluctant hangman, Gregory

and

by dragged from
who

progress, to Eosethence the

Brandon,

was,

by

threats

to strike the promise of 30Z. in half-crowns, induced blow. The were hideous, and disguises of the executioners have been must ness of trying the firmimposed for the purpose of the royal victim. woollen coarse They wore garbs buttoned close to the body, which the costume of butchers was at

the

that

era. a

Hulet

added

long
black

black Brandon

mask, with
wore
a

large gray
mask,

beard
a

a peruke, and gray aiSxed to it. Gregory

black

peruke,

and

large

for execution, he had king waited the satisfaction of receiving a letter from his son Charles, Mr. by Seymour, a special messenger, enclosing a carte blanche with his signature, to be filled at pleasure. In up this paper, the prince bound himself to any terms, if his father's life might be spared. It must royal have proved a
1

flapped Meantime,

black

hat, looped up
while
the

in

front.'

The

erasures

may

be

a-en

to this

day,
Huncks

not

only
and

in

the

warrant

but itself,

in

all fac-similes.
2

Axtel's

trial ; dialogue between

of

Axtel.

It

recriminations
colonels
" or

these
of

men,

that

the army

halberdiers that

guarding
the

from appears, the king were

the
all

majors

the

standing

overawed

populace.

Gitten's

evidence, Hulet's

trial ; State-Trials.

HENKIETTA

MAKIA.

63
dire hour The how far

cordial

king's heart family affection prevailed

burnt of of

to the

to find
over

in that

it,and
It

fully king carethe carte blanche,lest an evil use might be made did not attempt to bargain for his life by means

ambition.

concessions
was

from
one

his heir.' o'clock before

were

past
of of
on

apparatus
the

the

scaffold

door fell

the

king's
to

chamber.
"

grisly attendants knocked ready. Hacker and Bishop Juxon

old

the

and at bert Her-

their knees. his hand door.

Else, my

friend," said Charles,

Herbert

holding out
to

the

open

the

Hacker of the
to

bishop,and he ordered led the king through

windows
stands of which for

his former
had

one banqueting-hall,

nally origi-

public pageantries out, and led to the platform raised ;' it had been taken in the street. The noble bearing of the king, as he stepped the scaffold, his beaming eyes and on high expression,were him. He looked all sides for his noticed on by all who saw of soldieryonly presented themselves people, but dense masses He far and near. out of hearing of any was persons
support
but Juxon
and

been

contrived

Herbert,
The insult
raised

save

those

who

were
a

interested silence

in

his destruction. time

and

soldiers him.

preserved
The

dead

; this

they did not oecaBionally

for him.

mournful

prayers

The

king

addressed

populace wept, cries in blessings and short speech to the a

stood near last person sight of all the world, led into the

distant

bishop and to the king, and

in the
entrance

colonel

Tomlinson, which
from
the

yet

screened

of the

passage
of the

which

banquet-

ing-hall.' The substance to point out that every

1

speech
of the

institute

king made was, constitution original

; he

the

Prince

Charles

did

not

his

filial cousin
to

duty by halves
to

sent, by
similar

his

faithful
blanche

cavalier, colonel
and
2

Cromwell, first
same

the

regicide, a
of the which of the

carte

duplicatesof the
The
Moderate

paper

the

generals
last

army.

Intelligencer, January
exhibited
there
on

1648-49,
visit

adds, that king

of

show

of
to

fencers

had I.

been

the

Denmark

James
^

Tomlinson

and

Huncks,

who

both

had

much

communication should

with be

the

king,

seemed who had

exceedingly anxious, after the Restoration, that those

treated
him

punished
was

brutally.
"

See
in

their

evidence, State-Trials.
Cromwell
not from

Huncks

afterwards
crown.
"

mainly
See Axtel's for

instrumental trial. the

preventing
could

assuming
from
was a

the

Their

conduct

proceed

tendency
aa

to

time-serving,

revenue

of Cromwell's

administration

Jive times

64
of

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

had commons, church, lords, and have if he would with the sovereign power subverted ; that mere consented to reign by the despotism of the sword, he king ; therefore, he died a lived, and remained might have

England,

as

the

been

martyr added,
in the While

for that rites he

"

the He

liberties died
a

of

the

people
of the

of

England.
of

He

Christian had
some on
"

church

England,
which turned

of
was

which

he

just participated."
one

speaking,
in black

touched block.

the

axe,

lay enveloped
round

crape

the

The

king

Have of the axe. If and a care exclaimed, hastily, it will be the worse for me.'' The the edge is spoiled, cutioner, exeGregory Brandon, drew near, and, kneeling before I his No !" said the king ; him, entreated forgiveness. who comes deliberatelyto shed forgive no subject of mine Charles had probably guessed the cause of the blood." my in the trepidation of the executioner, delay of his execution refused and to perform the bloody thought, that if the man In that in his favor. task, there might arise a diversion
" "

case,

the

other

have
the

less doubtruffian, sergeant Hulet, would perpetrated the murder, being placed there for
masked

purpose,
have

lest failed
his

the

firmness

of

the

common

executioner
the

should
as

in action.
as

Nevertheless,

king spoke
source

became

duty
were

chief

magistrate
himself
he
was

and

the The

of

the

laws, which

violated

in his murder.^

wretched
his

Brandon

might
on

have the

revenged
contrary,
and A

by mangling
convinced

royal victim ; justice of the

him
in of him large
church
'

of

the

answer,

behaved

most

reverentially to
was

on ease

the of

scaffold." the

horrible

butchery

meditated,
advice fasten

Hugh
down
as

king's personal resistance, for, by the driven into the floor to Peters, staples were
to the scaffold.
II.
at

that and
crown

of Charles
lands

Moreover,

he his

had

the

enormous

robberies

of

the

disposalof
series,rol.

despotic junta.
by
sir Henry

Historical
that it

Letters,second
waa

iv., edited

Ellis, who

proves

agree masked
2 man. a
"

It is

fact

struck the His who learned blow. Gregory Brandon searches rethe evidence thoroughly with the trial of the other on Hulet, See State-Trials, vol. ii. that Gregory Brandon, the public executioner, pined himself of

to

death

for want
"

the

forgiveness
saw

he

craved,
as

and

died
on

eighteen months
the

after,
that,
Letters.

saying, that withal, devils

He did

always
tear

the
on

king

he

appeared
Sir H.

scaffold ; and

him

his

death-bed.""

Ellis,Historical

66
the

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

gray-beard mask, came subsequent promotion.'

"

forward He held

to

earn

his bribe

and and and

up
a

vociferated angry
murmur

This from

is the the

head

of

bleeding head, traitor !" A deep

the

people followed the announcement. persed Two troops of horse, advancing in different directions, disthe indignant crowd. Hulet, in his anxiety to gain than his stipulated reward, did more was required, for he head of the king, yet warm down the dashed dissevered with and bruised one life, cheek, grievously, an outrage of blood noted with Charles, sorrow by Dugdale.' The
"

which

fell

on

the

window-sill,

as

the

body
for

was

carried

into
wards, after-

the

banqueting-room, was
and
was

shown

many

years

long
and

deemed

indelible.'
in
a

The

royal
Juxon

corpse

was

placed
was came

coffin, and, followed

into it.

by
of

bishop
it
was

Herbert,
Cromwell

carried
to
see

the He

palace
considered that

Whitehall, where
and attentively, severed

from

beset corpse

frame, and the palace, but

of the

taking up the head, to the body, said, This promised long life." *
"

make
was a

sure

it

tuted well-constiof to

Crowds

people
see

very

few

were

admitted
over

the

their
person

murdered

monarch,

which

colonel

Axtel,

who

was

the

kept guard. Sir and by making great interest,was remains of the king. As the coffin was
"

peculiarly active in Purbeek Temple, with

tion, his destrucinfinite to culty, diffisee

admitted

unclosed, Axtel
in

said,
"

If
"

thou "And
to

thinkest the

there

is added
*

any sir

holiness Purbeek
was

it,look

there." seemed

king,"
in to

Temple,
conveyed
sor, to Windto till

smile

as

life."

The

body
; here

St. James's

palace

be

embalmed

it remained

it was February 7th, when conveyed for followed and the by bishop Juxon who

interment attached

had had

attended

on a

the wish

king
to

in all his

king
the
1

expressed

be

royal chapel
He
was

in Westminster
in colonel

gentlemen The wanderings. interred by his father in forabbey, but Cromwell

regiment, where
to

made

captain
'

Hewson's
in allusion

he

ever

went

by
*
' *

the

cognomen

of

old

Grrajbeard/
It
was

his disguise.

State-Trials.

Dngdale's Diary.
Travels
of Cosmo

III.

shown

to

that

prince.

Herbert's Axtel's

'

Warwick's pp. 140-142. trial ; evidence of colonel Temple.

Memoirs,

Memoirs,

pp. 294-296.

Guizot.

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

67

bade that vaults

to

it, having, from

an

absurd He

place

for

himself

species of ambition, reserved answered, "that opening the

an

at "Westminster

superstition."

He

abbey would prove probably dreaded

with its

encouragement
excitement of

the

the

populace.
the

When

royal hearse,

poor

escort

of

four

mourning coaches, arrived at Windsor castle,the coffin was The next placed for the night in the royal bedchamber. into the noble hall of St. George : day it was brought down four of gentle blood bearers belonging to the king's late household, in deep mourning, carried it on their shoulders ; the pall was sustained by the duke of Eichmond, the earl of the lords Hertford, and Lindsay and Southampton. had been afternoon The clear and bright till the corpse of the hall, when carried out snow was began to fall so fast and thick that the west end of by the time it entered the royal chapel the black velvet pall was entirely white, the color of innocency. So went white our king to his I." ' The !' said the sorrowing servants of Charles grave roundhead of the Whicheott, then governor regal seat of with Windsor, rudely interrupted bishop Juxon, who open the book Whicheott met body reverentially. prevented of the church of him from reading the beautiful service found, withal, England, as profane and papistical. It was that no inscription had been placed on the royal coffin. One of the by a gentlemen present supplied this want lead was of sheet simple but effectual expedient : a band procured, and they cut out of it,with pen-knives, spaces in that the words of large letters, the forms so
"
'
"

CHARLES

REX,
1648,

could
coffin.

be read.
Half

The blinded

leaden with

band their

was

then

lapped
with

round the

the

tears

and

gloom
faithful

of

impending
and
papers
The
one

night, thick
servants

with Charles

fallingsnow,
I.
Clarke's

the his

friends
*

of
of

lowered
Life

remains II., vol.

the ii.

See

in

the

Appendix
is to the in

Stanier

of James

p. 672.

allusion

strange prophecy promulgated

Charles
at his is

by

juggler

Lilly
because

as

by Merlin,
wore
a

which

designated

"

as

the

white

king,"

he

white

mantle

coronation.

68
that and
even

HENRIETTA

MAEIA.

among

portion
left the
was

of

England's royal
there
"

dead

who

repose

at
or

Windsor,
where
The
on

him

without

either

singing

saying," or
his

power

of

ascertaining the precisespot

the

before

placed.' eulogies many people of Charles I. wrote mourning perpetrated was deep tragedy of his death, which in their despite. The following lines their eyes, and
coffin
some

preserve

forgotten
at the

historical

traits.'
are

They
of

were

dently evi-

written

moment,
that shared

and
the

valuable, because
Cromwell,
a

they identify the good and virtuous

the

tradition

wife

matron,

in the

general grief for

murder

of

her "They They

The

king
made marked tears
not
were

"

him him
our

glorious" but
out
new

the

way

was

Golgotha.
wife
*

of

Pilate's
save

Could

avail

to

his

life ; the
!' did it ; sit cry

They
And

outbalanced
of of
'

with

clamor
sons

"

Crucify
that

Those At And Their

dragons

Westminster
the vile

contrived

purchased

crew

will have the grave,

sovereign hurried

to

"

So

completely
of every silent

had

the
of

republicans succeeded
its

in

divesting the

chapel
into

of St.
of

George
that the
Dim

vestige
funeral
had

sad,

the that when original appearance, for the vault after the Restoration, searched,

survivors

which them.
one

royal coffin
reminiscences

been
alone

lowered,
remained
small one,
was
"

there that

were

no

landmarks
had those in the been of

to

guide
near

the

coffin
to

placed
Henry
of

enormously
Jane
for which The

large
search
of

and

supposed
to

be

VIII.

and

Seymour.

The
was

intention

bury

the

king

vault

Henry
the

VI.,
time

vainly
of

made.

Clarendon's
I. remained
a

Life, and mystery

Forest

Herbert's

Memoirs,

place Pope

interment

Charles

long after
:
"

when

wrote
"

the
Make

celebrated sacred

lines Charles's

in

his grave

Windsor
forever

known.
the

Obscure

the

spot,

and

uninscribed
the the

stone."
of of the

Many
circulated These his
were

absurd among

tales the
at

regarding
enemies
rest

the

disposal of
in

corpse
course

Charles
last

I.

were

of the

monarchy
accidental VIII. and

the
vault

century.

all set and

by

discovery
Jane of sir the

of

containing
were

remains,
of

those

of

Henry IV.,
on

Seymour, Henry
of sir

which
of

equally
aunt, t"ie
several

forgotten.
duchess

King
and
WEis

George

the

evening by
the
"

funeral

his and

Brunswick,
assisted

1813, went, personally

attended
at

Halford I.'s

noblemen,
the
2

opening

Charles

coffin,when
Halford.

corpse

satisfactorily recognized.
Sir Thomas
to Mrs. Oliver Cromwell.

Narrative, by

Henry

4001, MS."
This
alludes

library. Phillipps's

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

69

'Cause
*

from

that

conclave

came

the

cry,

It

was

expedient
they
delivered

he

should

die.' hands bands

Him Of To He The

to

the

those

accursed

bloody parallel

make

the

complete,
the

suffered, king
is

too,
dead

without
!

gate.^
hearts doth blood thus
cry,

the the before

kingdom's king
his

Though
But
laws

the had

law

says died

never

die,

was

spilt.

Therefore,
His
mortal

as

he

was

ready
immortal

to

lay

down

for

true

crown, left

This,
"Which
'

his

own

epitaph,
and

he

behind, glory sing,

"

men

angels martyr,

to

his

"

The

people's

and

the

people's

king.'

"

The before the

least

trial,
the

death,
queen,

and

burial

of she

Charles
in

I.

had

taken
could

place
receive

besieged
of

as

was

Paris,

intelligence

these

awful

incidents,

Holbein's

gate

at

Whitehall,
on

which I.
"

stood CoUection

just

below of
sir

the Thomas

Banqueting-house, Phillipps,
Bart.

'

Contemporary

Elegy

Charles

HENRIETTA

MARIA,
CHARLES AND THE

QUEEN-CONSORT
GREAT

OF

FIRST,

KING

OF

BRITAIN

IRELAND.

CHAPTEE

IV.

Painful

suspense

of of

queen
his

Henrietta
"

on

the

fate

of

Charles
Her
" "

I.

"

Manner to Anne

of

being
of

apprised
"

death
"

Her

extreme retreat

sufferings
from
"

message

Austria
"

Retirement at
"

Mortifying departure
of son, her the for

Paris Her

Guarded

by

Charles

II.

Her of

regrets
Worcester

his

Scotland

alarms
"

concerning
dower to her
"

the
held withHer
son

battle

Death Her
"

daughter
duke
"

Elizabeth

Queen*s
restored
"

by
residence

Cromwell

of

Gloucester,
Chaillot

changed
"

to

the him

Palais-Royal
from the
"

Founds
"

Persecutes
to

her

Gloucester

Expels
She

her
news

home of

Queen's

partiality
death
"

her

youngest
courtiers court" His

daughter
come

"

receives her
"

Cromwell's

English
of her
"

to

propitiate
her

Sir Secret

John visit
"

Reresby's
of Charles

description
II. the
to

gossip concerning
"

the

queen
of

Restoration

The Duke

queen
of

remains
contract

in

France
with

Negotiates
Anne

marriage

her

daughter
"

"

York's
to

Hyde

"

Henrietta's

indignation

Goes

to

England

annul

the

marriage.

The of her

queen

remained
but of

in

ignorance,
every

not

only

of

the

death to

husband,

particular
She of
was

relating

his
in

trial, until
the

February
in double

J^,

1648-49.^

beleaguered

Louvre, portion
and of

circles

siege
still

and

counter-siege.
to

That
Austria

of
her

the
son,

French
the the

troops

loyal

Anne

of

young

king, besieged knowing

is the

the

insurgent
the queen

city
*

Paris

; but

Frondeurs,
precision
the
the of

that

It

is

requisite, when
thus

any

date
of

required,
same

that both the

the in old

numerals

should

be

arranged,
reckoned

showing by
until
new

dates
new

day by
last in to

France

and
as

England.
"was

France

style, England
middle of the

style,

it

in

England

considered, by the
court

the

century,
science the did did

exceedingly
having
been

papistical
first

to reckon

style, that
Rome.

Improvement
according
and his the

adopted
Charles

by
I.

the
was

of

Hence, 8th,

present
not not

tion, computaof

beheaded
the

February
time be

queen
news

hear reach

it till
till

February
ten

18th;
after the

however
event.

reckoned,

her

days

70

HENEIETTA

MAEIA.

71

England guard and

any

of

warmly
watch

favored her

round

royal party, kept strict residence, in order to prevent

her and

the

communication Thus
was

between all

the

court

at

St. Germain's.
was

cut off,since intelligence

it

not

without Henrietta
of

the

greatest personal risk that

could pass both circles. had
it
was

any

agent of queen
the

Nevertheless, despite
carried

siege and counter-siege, rumor tidings to the Louvre, and truly, in the queen's household
which Henrietta
to her the still dreadful

tous porten-

whispered, only too the agonized hope to ; but clung prevented any one from tioning menreport, which
Wo

had
in her

not

yet

ceived re-

official confirmation. dared

person

household

plunge
sure

her

into the he that fact

the
was

being

that

despair they dreaded, without past dispute. Lord Jermyn,

prepare her been his
for the

however,

thought
a rumor

could
the

worst, by

inventing
and
en even

king
; but

had that

tried,condemned,

led
torn

to

execution him from

masse,

the

subjectshad risen scaffold, and preserved his

Unfortunately this tale raised no alarm, but rather of the queen. increased the false hopes in the sanguine mind She knew," she said, how beloved dearly the king was who were by many, ready still to sacrifice life and fortune
" "

life.

in his

service

; and

she
of

was

sure,

now

the

crisis

had
was

come,

that

the

great body
be
and

his into

subjects,to whom activityby

future the

he

really
his
'

dear, would persecutors,

While
York
came

roused that

cruelty of
go well."
duke
"

all for the suspense

his

would

this

terrible made

continued, James
at

of

suddenly
in while "knelt

appearance
was

the

Louvre.
father

He

the down the

queen and custom for

at

dinner," says
mother's

prian, Cythey
The

asked

his

blessing; for
parents."

such have queen

time
'

is

always
received

of
time

English children, when

from their of

been

absent
him

any with
to

transports
him
to

previously
de
a

written
vol.

joy : she had some expedite his arrival,but

edition.

Madame
most

Motteville,
which
now

iii. p. 163, Maestrioht

to the

This

incident

forms

valuable

introduction
we

grand
be

scene

of the the

queen's reception
MS. that both
madame
were

of
of de

the

fatal

truth,
and the

herewith
us.

translate

from

original inedited
at the

p"re Gramache,
Motteville
of

before

It must
were

remembered,

the

pSre

Gamache queen.

eye-witnesses

period,and

intimates

distressed

72 the He John
the

HENKIETTA

MAHIA.

tumultuous
was

state to the the her

of
arms

Paris of

had the

prevented
queen, his

his

journey.'
by
fresh

guided
Denham,
of

mother, by sir
the
a

cavalier favorite

poet.'
son, the the

Greatly exhilarated
queen
rose on

arrival
of

ing morn-

February i^, with

should be
a

determination

that her

effort

made

to

obtain

She

entreated
to

brave
to had

and

faithful

tidings of gentleman
to

husband.
hold housenews

of her what

proceed

St.

Germain's,

ascertain

the

queen-regent

lately received

from

London.

The

the of perilous service accordingly undertook passing and repassing both circles of besiegers,and set off the court of France for St. Germain-en-Laye, where was

messenger

then

resident.
the
ever

Those

who
scene

knew that

the
would his after to

dreadful
ensue

secret if the

pated anticiger messen-

agonizing
succeeded had not

in said

making

way

back

; and

when

pere

Gamache
him

entreated

grace to retire, but

dinner,
to

lord the

Jermyn
yet
conscious un-

stay
she

offer

widow the those

was

all the

consolation

could dull
of the

derive

from of

ministers hours

of

her

religion.
when
over

Oh

! the

anguish
fatal

of suspense,
its most

the

shadow of the

event

casting
of her

gloom
the
"

part
in the

heart
still

concerned

agitated by
actual

sharp
had

The

truth thus

pangs been communicated

to

assembly, and the approaching tidings was of hope."

distract pere his observation
to

the

Gamache,
from the

who
effect queen.

had the

nothing
authentic

of

hapless
"

"At

this frame

felt my
from hour
on

whole the

of the tidings on the mind grievous intelligence,'' he,' says and forced to turn was shudder, conversation any the
went
on

aside
an

where royal circle, divers had

for

matters,
the
effect

without
of

subject being
mind

started

which

diverting

of

the

1
' '

Memoirs Johnson's

of

James of

II., written
the

by himself.
de As

LItos

Poets.

M^moires,
et

oin the

par Missionnaire
writes the former
was

le PSre
en

Cyprien
both

Gamage,
in the and called

ou course

Gamache,
of the
we

Prgdicateur

Angleterre.
name

autograph imagine
in

Capuhistory
that he and into in

pSre

his

Oamage
what Frenoh he

Gamache,
his but
that it

adopted
that

name

during
or

mission
was

England,
less

Gamache

his family
the who

name;

Anglicized
hatred

Gamage, England

because

English
bore

Catholic
names.

priests

excited

much

than

those

foreign

74 movable
the
came

HENEIETTA

MAKIA.

countenance.

So

we

continued
our

till queen the

at

when nightfall,

duchess to
see

of
her.

Vendome,'

whom she

Weeping,
kissed the she from

took

tenderly loved, hand of the royal

last

widow,

and

tenderly
since

it ; and of

succeeded
which the and she

in had

awakening her been plunged

death
soon

stupor
had

of her

husband.

She

was

grief into comprehended able to sigh

dreadful

weep,

and

expressed a desire of withdrawing from the world to Her she suffered. little indulge in the profound sorrow her maternal with love found her, from whom daughter was in some it hard to separate ; yet she longed to hide herself At last she humble she might weep at will. abode, where resolved few of her ladies,for the convent to depart,with a of the Carmelites, fauxbourg St. Jaques,' in Paris."
Before
de she

Henrietta

went

to the

convent,
see

her
was

friend

madamo

Motteville
had

obtained
the

leave
fatal

to

her

; it

the
de

day
to

after

learned
had made

tidings.
with
to

Madame

Motteville's

friends

interest

the
her

Frondeurs,
to to

her

departure
queen

from

Paris

join
was

permit royal mistress, the

know
send to
me

queen-regent of France.
aflicted of
"

She had
she

anxious message
"

if the to

England
I
on

any

her side, bed-

royal
amidst

relatives.

was,"
my

says,'

admitted

her

where
a

I fell thousand

knees, and
tell

she

gave choked the

her her

hand,

sobs, which
me

often queen

speech.
I had

She found
made been

commanded

to

my

state

in which death

her; 'that
her
lost him
an

king Charles, her lord, whose

afflicted
none woman on

the

most

the

wide

earth, had
trusted had

because
the truth

of

those
a

in whom

he

told like
as

; and

that whose

people, when
rage

irritated,was
can

infuriated

beast, lord, had

and

nothing
; and

moderate,
she

the

king, her
that
the than

just proved

that

prayed
in

God France

queen-regent
she

might
Charles her
to

be had hear

more

fortunate
in

king
she

been the

England.
to evil

But, above
labor to

all,she

counselled
it ; for

truth, and

discover

believed

that

the greatest

"

Franfoise de Lorraine,her sister-in-law, being

of

wife

to her fair

lialf-brother Csesar,
This 93.

dulce

Vend8me,
in de

eldest 1669.

son

of

Henry
2

IV. MS.

and of

the

Gabrielle.

lady

died, aged 60,

'

PSre

Qamaohe,

section

Madame

Motteville, vol.

iii.

p. 165.

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

75

that

sovereigns was, to rest in ignorance of the and thrones truth, which ignorance reverses destroys em.' if I was pires. That really faithful to my queen [Anne of I should tell her these Austria], things, and speak^to her
on clearly

could

befall

the

state

of her

aifairs

; and to

she

finished
to
me

with queen

an

affectionate her name.'

to

remembrance
Then

was

make

my
some

in

the

afflicted queen
of the

gave

orders

relative Charles She

the

interests

II.

through
that of he

the

young lamentable
be

king, her
death
of
as

son

his such

entreated and of his queen

might
receive

recognized
that

(become father). by the

James
as

king
duke

Prance,
had

and

her

second

son,

York, might
brother she
and

the

same

maintenance As
said

the

king
these burst

done

previously.
my

she
to
a

reiterated
me, with
a

requests
of
and

wrung

hand,
'

and

grief
a

tenderness,
must

have I
can

lost
never

friend, whose

loss

band, king, a hussufficiently of my words the words life of pathy symshe

mourn,
a

and

this

separation
I
avow

render

the
tears

rest and

perjjetualtorture.'
I felt in

that
me was

the

this afflicted queen her

to

touched

deeply.
astonished queen,
did I

Besides
at the and
ever

grief,I
repeat
for
us

commanded she
seemed

me

to

my
; nor

the

calamities

to

of this
to

course forget the disseemed who, enlightened by adversity, princess,

foresee

justiceof God." ' does Thus madame de Motteville clearlyindicate that this warning message, which was duly repeated by her, from the of England in the depth of her misery to mourning queen the queen-regent of France, had the effect of delaying that awful revolution latter days, ravaged our which, in these
merited
them all from the

for presage from us, but we

us

such

disasters.

Heaven

averted

them

France,
of
did
our

and

which

is

yet
in

rife

in

the

memory

of
"

many Often

contemporaries
Henrietta
ever

the

present
that

century.
she
was

queen
she

how
so

could that

say to me, survive the

life

astonished she

loss of

Charles, when
this
a

well

knew

could
for her.

contain, after
'

calamity,
she
"

nothing
would

but
'

bitterness that

I have

lost

crown,'

but say, it is the husband

1

I had

for whom
Madame
de

to regret, long before ceased I grieve ; good, just,wise, virvol.

Motteville,

iii. p. 168.

76
tuous
as

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

he

was,

most must

worthy
be for !""

of
me

my but

love
a

and

that

of

his

subjects, the future of misery and

historians,
mademoiselle
indifferent
to

continual
been

sion succes-

afflictions to

It had the

well

if those of
was

who de to the

choose

malignant Montpensier, asserting that her

repeat
fate of her

words
aunt the
a

husband,
de
same

had

taken

trouble

read

the

testimony
the her
"

of

madame at the

Motteville,
time

personal
fied identi-

witness how that

of her

conduct, and
virtuous made

to have

worthy
her

life and
"

steady principles of
Henrietta,"
tinues con-

witness

of

belief.

Queen

enlightened and noble sentiments ; had and all she in consequence, she keenly felt all that lost, husband who had she owed of a king and to the memory had dence, 80 her, who given her his entire confitenderly loved above all persons. and had her always considered shared her He had with his grandeur and prosperity, 'and
friend,*
had

it

was

but

as just,'

she his

said, that
'

she

should
sorrow

take for

her him

part
as

in the

bitterness
had of her

of
taken

adversity, and
each

if the

his death
last hour

place
In

day
wore

that
a

she

lived, to

life.'

fact,she

perpetual

widow's This
was

in her and heart. mourning for him on her person her knew well aware, were lasting sadness, those who which a was great change from her natural disposition, all the gladsome, and ordinary occurrences apt to see life in a bright and cheerful light; yet she surnamed la Heine In the

gay,
of self her-

malheureuse." of the
marquess and
as

correspondence
her husband

of

Ormonde

and

sir Edward
the her

Nicholas, the queen's deep

is dwelt
on

loss of French Fears

quite
and
are

lastinggrief for earnestly as by

de

friends, pere
for her

G-amache
reason

madame

ville. Motte-

life and

by
of

and English loyalists, discontent, they all entertained losing her assistance in France, she
meant

the

seriously expressed sional notwithstanding their occathe where

most

livelydread
were

reports
for

rife
in

that
a

to

bury

her The

agonizing grief
Pere
p. 164.

Charles
of

Carmelite
was

convent.*

retirement, however,
Gamache
"

etta Henriit.

only temporary.
de

thus

mentions
164, 165.

' "

Madame Carte's

Motteville,vol.
toI. li.

iil.

Ibid., pp.

Papers,

p. 39.

HENEIETTA

MAEIA.

77 amidst
the tears and

"

The of

royal
her

widow

left

the

Louvre,
her

Bobs the
were

attendants, for
nuns,

Carmelite
to to commend

with temporary retirement fauxbourg St. Jaques. Her last words her little daughter, the princess Henrietta, governess
care

her

affectionate
to take

the
her

countess and

of

Morton, conduct,
of into

charging
while
to
me

her

of

manners

[pere Gamache]
Directly
herself
on

she

left the

instruction
entered

this
the

royal
convent
a

infant.^ she of
the

queen up

Henrietta
to prayer,
to

gave

mortification,and
the decrees

course

meditation

the and and the

of
of
soon

God,
the
was

inconstancy riches, grandeur,

she roused from to
own

of inscrutability of human fragility

life,and
world.
such

honors

of calm

this which

Too
tary salu-

holy
The
and her

exercises her son,

a

give
of her

sorrow.

affairs

of

the

king,
in
so

and

family

household, being
utmost
was

bad

state and

that
even

they
to

demanded

care,

her

wisest
seek

counsel, her,
nuns, and

active leave to
at

exertions, I
her

obliged to
with
her

to urge

her
return

peaceful
At where
It but the

retirement that he
was

the
son,
as

the

Louvre.

time

Charles

II.,was
to

the
of

Hague,
Holland.

recognized
wish

king by the king young

of

states remain

was

the

of

the

there,
was

potism strong military desto to her 1649. the

son

Cromwell
suffer it.

too

formidable
wrote

states to
come

of

Holland
to her
son

to
; he

The the

queen
summer

arrived
their

in

of
at

The
and

mother wards after*

and

had
she

first interview with him

to

St.

Germain's,
at

returned

her

abode

the

Louvre."

Two
one

of of

the these

royal

the few

Little duke

prisoners in England ; the hapless princess Elizabeth, the other was of Gloucester. soon after, for a They were
children remained
to

months,

consigned
treacherous

the

care

of their

mother's
none

former
of her

favorite,the
^ '

lady Carlisle,who, for

93.

MS.
See

Pfire Gamache, Toone's

section

Chronology, Downs,
He for

from
to

July 19,

1648

(when
same

the

royal
when

brothers

were

with from
with

their

fleet off

Yarmouth),

September 11th,
to

year, terms

the

prince,
father the
own

his fleet in the the

endeavored afterwards
his is

make
to

some

for his

royal
he
of

parliament.
carte

retired

the most

Hague,
series

whence
act

sent

celebrated
existence.

blanche
fac-simile

fether's

the life, in the

honorable
of

his

The
Historical

engraved

second

sir

Henry

EUia'a

valuable

Letters.

78

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

good deeds,
of 3000Z.

had
annum

been

favored for their

by parliament with maintenance,

but all

a a

grant
strict

per
that

with

charge
It

they
known

were

to

be

deprived
duke
a

of

tinction. princely dis-

is well the

that

Gaston

of

Orleans of

secretly
factious
; he

favored

Fronde,
the

and

maintained

species
the
and

neutrality between
chose
Gaston to

the

queen-regent
between

and

Parisians

be

arbiter
that his

the

people

the

court.

afiSrmed
Anne

sister,queen

Henrietta, took
He
in strove

the
to

part of
rid

of of
the

Austria
her

himself
unwove

against the Fronde. embarrassing presence

his shallow whose angry
She her
was

Paris,
was

where

she He

meshes
a

ambition

was,

however,
to

character he
to
was

affections with declared espouse

spinning. always ran

but
"

counter

his

policy :

Henrietta,
that
cause

finally was loyalty and

the

reconciled

her.

both of
to the

gratitude obliged
but that her advice

to

the

court,

pacificin regard
de Motteville
de

people
such
was

:" the

evidence
case.

of

madame

shows

that

Montpensier made Charles II. feel her resentment for her political pique with his mother, for he was still endeavoring to gain her hand. One after the triumphant return of mademoiselle day, soon de Montpensier from she had Orleans, where really done of great much good by her intrepid decision in a moment addressed these Henrietta markable repopular excitement, queen truly the
Mademoiselle words
saved to from her
:
"

"

am

not

astonished

that

you

Orleans
in

the

hands
set

of its

enemies,

for the
;

Puoelle like the the

had,

the
of

old

times,

you

that
the

example
matter

and

Pucelle

Orleans, you

began

by chasing
chasse adds be

was hither, my son English, for before you went ' I paid you." duty to her as my aunt," my de Montpensier ; but I was forced to
"
"

by
quent fre-

moiselle madeless

"

in

my

visits with

to

her,
the

for

it is not
one

perpetually Although
queen in her

persons and

that

pleasant to dispute ought to respect."

of the Fronde
held
our

Conde

heads

great estimation,the
with the

rabble
she she

of the

Frondeurs

sued purthe

insults Louvre.
'

whenever
At
de

appeared
go

beyond
out
no

gates

of

last

would
vol.

more,

MSmoires

Montpensier,

ii. p. 144.

HENRIETTA

MAEIA.

79
thousand

but

remained
with
a

in

state

of

siege,suiferiaga
silenced
"

tions privaamong

patience

which

all that

murmurs

her

observed, queen rietta satisfied, they ought not to complain." While Henfound useful herself she would not to the royalists, for her quit her sojourn at the Louvre, though, alarmed her to come safety,the queen-regent perpetually entreated share what to St. Germain's, and Once or they had there.'
whilst their
seemed

household, who

often

twice

Henrietta
and the

went

to

St. Germain's
; she

to visit

the

queento

regent
the

escort that

take however, glad king was, young de Montpenof her fantastic niece, mademoiselle

sier,at
to the

time

heroine

of the
of de

Fronde,

who

conducted

her
one a

these
merit queen to

gate of the chateau occasions, mademoiselle

of

St. Germain's.

On
makes of it
was

of

Montpensier
the duke found

reconciling

her

father,

great Orleans, to

Henrietta, who, nevertheless,

remain

St. Germain's.

people
creditors

menaced

longer at the Louvre, and retired Her a very dangerous journey was her she went through Paris, as
to
more

impossible to finally
one

; the

and

her
scene,

threatened
was

arrest

her
to

coach.' the generous

This

which
Henrietta

perhaps
than

trying
other
the

spiritof
much From to

all her to

misfortunes, occasioned
roundhead
in the

malignant exultation the superabundance

be learned for his
the

newspapers.

of

spite

fact,that the young murdered sire,rode by

republican party is ing king, in his deep mournthe

side of

his

mother's
transit. that the
a

coach,
The

and

guarded
of the of

enemies

in this person royal exiles seemed her make all the

dangerous
to think world
scorn

reproach

poverty would
so

view

cumstance cirdid

deeply interesting with

children
to

the

they

themselves." The
came

royal
to Chatou after

of

France,
the and

with

the

queen-regent,
Henrietta
and and

welcome

unfortunate miserable in

her

son

their her

perilous
to her

journey,*
the old

they

conducted

apartments
de

chateau

1
2

Vie

de

Henriette de

France.

"

Bossuet.

Mademoiselle

Montpensier'a Memoirs.
and

'
^

Evelyn's Journal,
Mademoiselle
de

Mercurins

Politicns.
Memoirs.

Montpensier's

80
of

HENEIETTA

MAHIA.

St.

Germain's, which
over was

were,

in

all and

probability,the
place
des
armes

same

angle looking
Germain's which
her

the

parterre
II.' s

of
as

St. the

subsequently
last

more

celebrated
The

place of chateau,
the above the live

son

James
and

exile.

melancholy
has the out
vived sur-

desolate

gay
the

sunny Seine land of

degraded as it is at present, palace of recent date, built on by Henri Quatre, and looking
France. Anne of Austria

race terover

pleasant
in

would

not

it affected her health ; grim castle,because trench at was surrounding it,which and, indeed, the stone have been full of water, must that time injurious to queen from suffered often pulmonary maladies. Henrietta, who The at St. Germain's proved, however, sojourn of Henrietta The but abated, a fury of the civil war temporary visit.

the

old

her

mediation that

became she
in

so

needful

with
returned

her

friend to

the
and

great
was

Conde,
her the to

the

summer

Paris,
of

actually there
young

August
Louis

18, 1649, when XIV.,

made

Anne

Austria, and entry into

son,

their

grand

of forgiveness metropolis.^ After giving an audience the dolence principal Frondeurs, they paid a state-visit of conto

queen

Henrietta

on

the

death

of

her

husband.

they had previously met at St. royal relatives,when found choly Germain's, had opportunity to discuss the melanmentioned subject, therefore nothing was likely to The agonize the feelingsof Henrietta. king of young de madame in there Motteville, "was England," observes his his first formal deep mourning for his father ; it was state recognition at the court of France." Early in Sep; tember this prince determined to set out for the isle of Jersey,
"

These

which

with still, the

its

sister of
or

islands, acknowledged
Stuart. Ireland. From The thence
queen her
son

its he
was

allegiance to
resolved
to
averse

royal
to this

house

pass
to

Scotland

greatly
At that

sir Edward time

Hyde
her

scheme, (Clarendon)

and with

reproached neglect of
not

and

her
any

advice.

differences

had

arisen
esteem

to for

great great

height with Hyde : she integrity and devoted

"

expressed
love
to

her

his
and

her

late
be
near

husband,
the
46.

said,

that

she

wished
1

he

would
of

always

young

king,

Memoirs

Henrietta

Maria, 1671, p.

82 lord

HENEIETTA

MAEIA.

Jermyn to represent the danger to him. prince replied, It is far better for a king to
"

The
die in

young such
an

enterprise
here."
The

than

to

wear

away
and

life

in

shameful
adventures he
was

indolence
so

high

resolve

daring
II.
the

quently fre-

undertaken form

by
his

Charles to

before indolence

twenty
reckless

remarkable
which

contrasts

and

profligacy in
II.
went

James
Britain

into

Charles wasted.' manly years were brother his to Jersey in September, 1649, with duke of York, and was proclaimed king of Great fended in the loyal Channel islands. Scotland, being ofat Cromwell's recent change of the British kingdoms Charles republic, sent deputies to negotiate with
received the and conferred with of series from of them at

II.,who
this
in

Jersey

; and

proved

commencement and

his
of

Scotland,
in which

of the

tion recognitemporary ventures wild and daring adlanding

A that in

he

engaged,
battle
were

his

Scotland portion pro-

till his escape of of the the

after Irish

the

Worcester. desirous

large
the which

people
be

attempt
was

king
the
with

should
reason

made

on

their

shores,

doubtless island

why

Cromwell

visited

that

devoted

the

fierce

exterminating sword,
which

of fire,confiscation, and the scourges in the year of blood 1649, a visitation

"

drew

from

noble
ease

sympathizing
"

in the

too English historian, albeit never of Ireland; the appalling comment, sixteenth be

that
that

since

the middle

of the

century,
with

the those

miseries
of

of

country could
the young

only

compared

the

Jews
warned of her

after the

A foreboding instinct taking of Jerusalem." the reckless to prevent royal mother courage from these of son scenes leading him among

horror.'
'

Queen

Henrietta
madame She
de

did

not

believe
for the

the

time
did not of

ripe
blind

for
her

The

friendshipof
faults of the
son.

Motteville
"

mother
and

to

the not

did

felt and in

antiquity says, sages of action than this young by grander principles prince expressed at his outset in life ; but, unfortunately, finding all his struggles into indifference, vain, he at last sunk bearing all the evils which tained perguide
their liTes exile
wore

The

greatest heroes

to his

and

poverty
to

with without

careless

nonchalance,
the this

and

snatching
himself and

all the
to

pleasures
them.
seductions At

that last of

attainable
came

considering
we saw

degradation
France

annexed

it

pass

that
and

prince give
in

up

to

the
in

lawless

passion,

pass

many

years

elsewhere

the
'

utmost

sloth."
of

Memoirs

Henrietta

Maria, p.

46.

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

83
if he

movement

; but to
"

she

advised

her

soa,

ventured, to

bend

his

course

Scotland, rather
parted ;
of the in sad

than

to
here

Ireland.
to tell

They
From
Him

but

it lists not

Aught

the

passionate regrets prince, or perilsthat

nor

that

broke

befell
famed

his wanderings,
solitudes of

of

that
^

oak

In

the

deep the

Boscobel."

The which baths her the whose

own.

health
marked of

of

queen

sank

under of

the

reiterated She
she went

trials to

the

dreadful
the
same

year

1649. that

the

Bourbon On her of

autumn

son.

way
her

thither friend the

parted from she passed through Moulins,

duchess
some

retreat

of

Montmorenci,
to her to

calamitous

widowhood

bore

resemblance

This

illustrious

mother,
She the had memory
of

being
her her

dedicated

lady was nearly related princess of the house youth, her beauty, and
husband,
that
on

etta's HenriOrsini.
life to

of her of

lost

the

last

duke

Montlaid

moreaci. foundation

It is well of
of
to

known

cardinal the

Richelieu of

the

his

despotism
I. could

ashes
the of

that

hero. of

The her

widow
sorrows

Charles
the

trace

commencement

malign
In of

influence

that

same

hearted stonythe
queen in

politician.
went
a

the the

spirit of
Visitation

sympathy,
at

to

the

convent

Moulins, where,
of heart had of

chamber watch

hung
over

with the
urn

black, the
that held
true The

widow
the

Montmorenci
of her
dered mur-

kept
death
was

husband,
for
as

many

although that a long year.

in France for

heart widow

been

cold

in

Montmorenci
and

popular
had

for
his

her
valor de

charity
and

piety, as
qualities.
for
solation con-

her All

husband
mourners

been
the

heroic

sought
one

duchess
it
more

Montmorenci
the

; no

needed
illustrious from had

than

Charles received

I.

The

kinswomen the

of royal widow wept together, and

of each

consolation

sympathy

other.

'^

Henrietta the thus battle of

Maria

Worcester

mentioned
"

by
"

her the

her for lost,after son given over are ; the particularsof his return de flippant niece, mademoiselle world went to console

Montpensier
of
'

All this

the

queen she

England
Poems

; but

only augmented
'

her

grief, for

by Agnes Strickland.

Lady

Fanshawe's

Autobiography.

84
if her not
soon

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

knew

not

son

were

prisoner
learned

or

dead. he
she
was

This
at

tude inquieEouen,
to meet

lasted
and him.^ could hair

long
be at

; she

that

would
On not

Paris, upon
I

which
my

went

her

return,

thought
I

personal inquiries
I went without my
The defluxion. find in

be

dispensed with
since me, he had

; therefore

being dressed,
when she
saw

had
'

great

queen, very
cut At very

said, had,
assumed

that
save

I should
himself

her

son

ridiculous, since
his that hair moment

to

off,and
he

entered, and

disguise, an extraordinary garb.' really thought he had a

great improvement in his mien figure,and I saw and short his last parted, although his hair was since we moustaches a long,which, indeed, causes great alteration in of most the appearance people." de Montpensier found, to her Mademoiselle astonishment,
fine

that

her

mute

cousin to

Charles the

II. French

had, in his absence tongue with

"

from
utmost in

France, learned

speak

the

volubility ;
the

"

and

while," she says,

connects

we

walked the

together
with

great gallery which the Tuileries,he gave me

in Scotland and

Louvre

the

escapes

and history of all his adventures England," in which, to her French

"

marvellous that the Scotch so as imagination, nothing was crime should to play on the fiddle." a fancy that it was The morning after this promenade, queen Henrietta gravely renewed with this princess the subject of her son's passion. She
he the said still to

her,

"

that

she

had

reproved

Charles, but

that

All this infinitely flattered persisted in loving her." her vanity of la grande mademoiselle, but touched not

heart.

Charles

was

too

cold

lover

to and

coquetted with
of

the

anxious
of

mother,
or

please her paraded

queen

; but

she

her

hopes

being the empress Many a bitter pang

queen of

Germany, by
to

the
woman

of

France.

did this heartless her

own
"

give
her
son,
now

the fallen

Great
would

Britain observe

account.

Sometimes
once

Henrietta heir
too of

her,

that
was

the

the

finest
and

beggarly
of

country pitifulto
and

in the

world,

considered
of

heiress

Dombes

aspire to the Montpensier;"

narrate
near

hand
then

the

rich

sighing,the
wealth, state,

unfortunate
"

Henrietta
He landed at

would

all the
October

Fescamp,

Havre,

22, 1651.

HENRIETTA

MAEIA.

85 At this

and

luxury
whether

of

purse-proud
young whether doubt

in queen heiress owns

a

England.
"

narration, the
within self herthe

that make

she
a

deliberated
merit then take of

she
in

should his

accepting
doubt

king
his

distress;' but
would scale
ever

the

was,

restoration

finallyturned
widow food

the
of

against the
I. found

place," which royal exile. The

she had in vain

unfortunate administered
son

Charles

that

to the

well make The

to

enough to be the slightest sacrifice

contest

vanity of her niece, who liked her jealous of him, but not well enough
in his behalf. II.
to 1651 had maintained his for

that

Charles
1649

his

hereditary rights from

and

caused

young

sister

brother,
with

who

still remained

treated

additional

prisoners in England, to be harshness by their jailers the

at

republicans.
CromweU

Eeports arrived talked of binding

apprentice
that to to
a

the

queen's
the
and

court duke that

that
of her

her

little son,

Gloucester,

shoemaker;

daughter,
was

"

abeth, budding beauty," the princess Elizyoung be of a button-maker. taught the trade
discussion of
"

There relative which be

was

really some
to

in the

house

of

commons

the

maintenance

these
the

Cromwell
to to
were

said, that
bind
him to

as

to

royal orphans, in boy, it would young

;" but
the the nearest

better

good
was,

trade

approach
servants

their

degradation
to tender

that
him

young
as

prince's
'

directed
his
more

address
a

only
even a or

master
more

Harry.'
or

At of

years,

top, or
than
a

marble
a

less,is
the

consequence

title

dukedom
nor

but

prince was by his republican jailers. The fair was unfortunately of an age felt as fortune are keenly, nay, more advanced period of life; perhaps
young
1

neither

harmed young when

so

in mind

body
beth Eliza-

princess
the than
reverses

of
a more

at

her

death-wound

was

The

newspapers
to the fortunes
remove.

of the

English
of

roundheads duke
"

allude

to this and

unprosperous

suit
over

of Charles
the
now

daughter
of

Gaston

of The ?

Orleans,
Soots' Trail
a

exult

sordidly
the young

fallen
on

the What

royal family.
shall

king

is still in

Paris, but lady

for the

his

he do then
a

pike under
an

of

Orleans, majesty

who of

has

lately raised
His these in

regiment ?
have in
"

It is
sat

honor

too ; and

great

late

Scotland.

confidants
tumults Paris."

in

council

it is allowed

by

his mother

that, during
to

France, it

is neither

honorable

nor

expedient

for him

continue

July 16, 1652, Mercurius

Folitious.

86
inflicted

HENEIETTA

MAKIA.

by

the
her iron

with Cromwell's pangs

"The
to

agony father.

she

suffered

at

the

touching
drew
tears

views interdown

Interviews
it may of

which be

cheeks,
mind

supposed,
bereaved

gave

mortal

the

tender

the

young

princess was," and spirit, courageous the grandeur of her

felt at her

says

pere

G-amache, "of
a

daughter. high and

of she

possessed
birth murder
from and
was

proud

consciousness

descent.

The

anguish
James,

father's
was

still further

aggravated
the

when

she
of her

forced

the

palace
to

of

St.

place
scene

birth, and
saddest She the

carried

Carisbrooke

castle,the

of

his

dragged to die. sufferings and all

fell into
a

he whence was imprisonment, from his bitter meditated on pei-petually disasters of her royal house, till she fatal fever.

slow

but

When

she

found
'

herself

she ill,

little Her medicine." to take resolutely refused her called, was only brother, master Harry,' as he was She expired alone, sitting in her apartments companion. at Carisbrooke resting on a Bible, castle,her fair cheek
'
"

the her Sir to took

last

gift of

her

murdered in her

father, and
last
sad father's late ;

which of

had her

been
life.

only
Theodore

consolation

the

months

Mayerne,
for

faithful

physician, came
appears
he of has this that

prescribe
the

her, but
he

too

yet

it

she the

remedies

recommended,
of

for
death

made

following obituary saying, She died

"

memorial
on

the of

princess,
in

the

8th

September, 1650,

her

Wight, of a malignant fever, which ' and remedies." constantly increased, despite of medicine The in her Elizabeth's melancholy death occurred young fifteenth She was buried obscurely at l^ewport on year. the 24th of September, 1650. The her mother," queen, did learn the sad resumes not Cyprian Gamache,' pere
prison
at
" "

the

Isle

of

death of and

princess without shedding abundance tears ; and the grief of her brothers, the duke of York the king, bore testimony to the fine qualities this beautiful ering princess possessed. All the royal family had, considyoung
her

of

the

great talents
"
2

and

charms
section
"

of

person,

reckoned

on

MS.

of

PSre

Gamaohe,

106.

Mayerne's Ephemerides. MS. of PSre MS. Gamaohe, 106.

Sloane, 2075.

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

87
would
ent differ-

her

as

means

of

forming

some

better

their
was
"

fortunes."

Her

which high alliance, lot was, however, very

; she

Doomed All
a

in
true

her

opening

flower

of

life to
*

know

Stuart's

heritage of

woe."

The
and

queen
all her

had habits

now

resided and

their

original channel. wisdom, which political

forced
was

upwards of six years in France, to feelings began strongly to return A certain and degree of liberality the strong pressure of calamity had
after the
war

into

her

mind, vanished

of the

Fronde

her
the

pacified. The first step she took in utter opposition to I. and of Charles queen-mother of duty as the widow of educating royal family, was acting on her resolution
younger children
as

her she of of

Roman

Catholics.

With under

this view the

tuition
was one

placed her little daughter Henrietta the capuchin Gamaehe. Pere Cyprian
those
men

Gamache Christian

such

as

we

often

see

among

men clergyand

of various the
friar

denominations.
heart made and and him

The

sincerityof
of
manner

belief of the
to

simplicityof
must

kindness
far
more

old
the

have

persuasive
were

queen's children

household,
his

who

of

church-ofas an

Bngland
author,
or

principles,than
his skill
as a

learning,his
draws
of the

talents

controversialist

in the

subtleties

of

disputation.
was

The

picture he

royal child, who

entirelyto his tutelage, is a given up by the queen to us besides, as an pretty simple sketch, and most valuable of of the banished court manners insight into the domestic the Cyprian brings us closely England, with which pere acquainted in recording his hopes and fears regarding the conversion of who those professed the principles of the He church of England. had, during observes, The queen in the life of the king her husband, employed every effort, the her letters, to obtain permission of her royal husband
"

to

bring

up

their

youngest
father

child

as

Catholic."
most

And

if she

had had

succeeded,
infinite

Cyprian pleasure in naming

the queen to

would the
her

certainly have
;

circumstance

ever, he, howof

reconciled husband's
last

open

disobedience
out to

her

injunctions by pointing
1

her

that

king

Poems

by Agnes

Strickland.

88

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

professors of church-of-England that lic Cathoallowed a good person of the Eoman principles, It is hard the that of faith could be saved. liberality be turned should the Anglican church against her cause by
Charles, with
many other

controversialists
instance. the first
"

; but soon,

this

is neither continues to
me

the

first

nor

the

last
"

As

then,"

pere
the the

Cyprian,
mind command to lead I
was

as

sparks
her into

of

reason

began
honored

light in
with

of

the to her

precious child,the
instruct herself
; and

queen her

the
ones

majesty took the chapel of the Louvre,

of

trouble where the

ing teach-

the

little

poor

humble

folk

principlesof

instance of humility, noble and there she a Christianity, gave them, and by placing her royal daughter below I charging her, all the time I catechised, to listen. Then the most as pany, simple of my comtaught her in her turn, even The how to learn to seek us. God, who made princess examples that, as she profited so well by these humble she would went to always come out, she said aloud, that
'

hear

me

teach

those

little children.'

"

'

rietta after began to give the princess HenCyprian soon of instruction, in which he a regular private course he that mentions, "that continually pressed on her mind herself she to the ought to consider eternally indebted troubles of her royal family for the opportunity of being The of Morton, who still countess brought up a Catholic." continued to the princess, was always present governess his little when her struction Cyprian gave pupil religious inpere of the : this lady had been brought up a member of England, and church still continued in its principles. Father desire to convert the countess. Cyprian had an extreme One day that lady said to her charge, I believe father much for me for your Cyprian intends his catechism as as royal highness." This casual remark did not fall unheeded
"

Pere

on

immediately confided tutor ; and that had he, who owns lady Morton his accurately divined intentions, was couraged wonderfully enin his hopes. Soon after,the queen being present
it to her
at

the

mind

of

the

loving child, who

his

tuition,the
'

little
of
PJre

princess,
Gamaohe,

at

the

end, expressed

MS.

pp.

116, 117.

90
not

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

the

strongest-minded female
During
demand
the
course

that

ever

governed

an

empire.
name, to

of

these

tions, long-pending negotiaMazarine,

dower. in her of her
never

queen

Henrietta

requested
annual
"

cardinal

the

payment
She
had

well Crom-

that promptly replied,

as

been the
'

queen-consort
she had have

of
no

Great

Britain
to this
some

by
dower."

recognized quently people, conseThe to

own

right
found

usurper

would the

doubtless

other

excuse

deprive
act

of her maintenance, helpless queen deed, in her inexperienced girlhood, had with so injurious a reply. It will be

if her not

and him that

furnished

remembered

Henrietta
her

refused

to be

crowned

as

queen-consort
her
this of bitter

because
in the

not permit religiousbigotry would of England ; and liturgy of the church proved the first step to the misfortunes

to assist

refusal, which
her

husband,
rank

obtained
struck queen,

for
at her and

her,
had

in

course as

of
a a

time, this
woman
as

insult,which
her
as

character

well
view

as

probably

prospective

towards

the

of her children. Henrietta illegitimation observed, with some considered not dignity,to Mazarine, "that if she were of their late by the English nation as the wife and consort had she been ? And the sovereign, the question was, what that obvious could a have been daughter of France answer, than otherwise wife of the a king of England, was more her to than to herself: and if the disgraceful country king of

France
in
a

could

submit she the

to such
must

public stigma

on

his

royal

honor
content

treaty,
with

rest

herself husband
would to her

constant

satisfied, being perfectly respect paid her as queen

'

by

her

and not the

his pay

loyal subjects."
queen

Although
dower,
he
"

the
turned re-

usurper

Henrietta's
of

young

duke
This

Gloucester,declaring
seems

that
at

Carte's

Life
;

of

Ormonde.
the

historian
of the

lost in astonishment either in

at

the
or

circumatanee

but

recognition
was
a

queen-consort,

her

own

at

her
on

husband's
her
as

coronation,
and it

most

important point
had
carried

legalizingher
her
the

claims
so

dower,
to
renounce

appears
solemn

that

Henrietta

girlish whims city, as

wife second

far
as

the
and the

recognition-procession through
as

well of

the

crowning I.,and
had of

unction laat four taken

queen.
of

The

coronations

of it is

the

Edward but
each

wives her

Henry
as

VIII., had,
at

true, been

omitted,
the

solemnly
divine de

place
pp.

celebration
'

service, which
v.

queen Henrietta had

the

royal chapels on
done.

never

Madame

Motteville,vol.

250, 251.

HENRIETTA

MAEIA.

91

Henry
At

Stuart, third
himself
the

son

of the seas."

late Charles

I.,had

leave

to

transport
II. the
was

beyond
a

ratification
driven

of the
wanderer

peace

with
his

Cromwell,
mother's Gloucester
the

Charles home
at

to be
:

from

Louvre

before

he

departed, young

arrived of

there.
her

Queen
son,

Henrietta
as

acknowledged
over

authority
; she for she

eldest

king,
leave
been

her

children with

therefore sented repre-

requested
that

him
he

to had

Gloucester

her,

brought up as a prisoner in England, without learning either manly exercises or languages ; that he had seen or pany nothing of courtly manners good comtill he that it was to Paris ; and not came right to take him from he had the best opportunity in a city where kind." The the world for acquiring everything of the edged was importunate, and the young king acknowlqueen very Her funds that reasons were no good, for he had
"

to

educate

his young to support brother, or even his quality; his only objection was, to Gloucester
would him
; and

him

cording ac-

that

he
'

feared

that

be

perverted
she

in his not that

religion."
suffer any
the queen-

Queen
such

Henrietta

assured

that

she would

attempt to be made regent of France, as some

in rate
me

added,
her

"

compensation
had
"

for her

driving
to

him

away,

augmented
and
^

discourtesy pension at the

"

of 2000f.
maintain

per month, Gloucester."

she said, this,''

will enable
he left

Paris, made
brother
then

his mother
not

reiterate

King Charles, before her promise that his

up
a

young

should

be

brought
over

Eoman

Catholic, and
his evil at

departed,
chose where
to

to

wander
him.

Europe
settled

wherever his

fortune

lead
a

He

head-quarters
him into

Cologne,
house,
To
and the
some

hospitable widow
years her

received

her

lodged him for two great aggravation of

time

gratis.'
misfortunes,
the
"

queen

rietta, Hen-

before, had

received

news

of the

death

of
her

her

son-in-law, the
it threw

family, as
into

the
of

hands

of

friends

Cromwell.
Life of Ormonde,
:

loss for prince of Orange, a severe in Holthe preponderance of power land the republican party there,the sworn The death of Henry Frederic, the
vol.

" ^

Carte's

ii. pp.

149, 150.

ibid.

Evelyn's Works

Correspondence, vol, iv.

92

HENKIETTA

MARIA.

father Charles

of

her

son-in-law, had 1647,

off and
now

occurred

at

fatal

time

for
was

I.,in

suddenly
mother.
after the

carried

by

the

daughter's husband small-pox at the early

her

age

of

twenty-two,

widow a ready to become leaving his young She brought forth a posthumous son three days This of her husband. death boy, the first grandchild Henrietta

queen the elective

had,
Great

was

afterwards Whilst

William
the

III.,

king

of

Britain.

Orange lived,queen Henrietta and in all their wanderings

welcome young with
was an

at widow

his

court;
to

now

prince of had always, and her children a hospitable distresses,found her she saw daughter left a
mother
of
a

of

nineteen, the
party
contend

fatherless

son,

inimical

against

in

Holland, which

successful supported by all the might of Cromwell's the young princess of Orange struggled despotism. How reared her, and through all the difficulties that environed her son without seeing him wholly deprived of his father's of the marvels of modern inheritance, is one history. The her no longer able to receive princess of Orange was brothers openly at her court, the burgomasters of Holland that such tamount tanbeing informed by Cromwell reception was of war Charles to a declaration II., against him. his abode he at therefore, established Cologne, whence frequently visited his sister as a private individual. A took of queen place in the conduct great alteration Henrietta disastrous at this occasioned was epoch, which Father had held by the change of her confessor. Phillipps that office since the second a year of her marriage ; he was

mild,
the

unambitious of

man,

under had

whose

influence

the

best for

points
his
who

her
of

character
her

appeared.

Unfortunately

family, he died at the close of 1652, and filled by abbe place was Montague, a diplomatic priest, in naturalized was had mersed France, and long been imin the political intrigues of that court. It is a singular brother fact,that Montague was to the puritan lord
peace
had taken
so

Kimbolton,' who
'

active
His

part
the

in

revolutioncalled

Afterwards

the
was

earl

of

Manchester.

brother,
when

abbS,
to
an

lord in

Walter

Montague,
"

converted and

by

the

Jesuits Journal.

attachi

embassy

France.

Carte's

Ormonde,

Evelyn's

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

93
of

izing England
we

at

the

commencement

the

civil war;
nor

if the
The

may

judge

by results, neither
were

the lovers

puritan
of

priestly brother
same

very

ardent

peace.

the puritan disturb the quiet spiritthat made of Charles I.'s kingdom, impelled the jesuit-brother to break the harmony that had hitherto subsisted between the unfortunate

restless

sovereign's family. polemic activity was,

France
that it
was

The
to

first fruits of abbe

tague's Monof

suggest
the service

to

the

queen

permit
under Henrietta for she
one

the the

injurious to church-of-Bngland
of the

Catholic
to

religion to
celebrated queen it

be

roof
of

Louvre.

He
she

likewise
had

accused

great
her
was

sin because
her first

established
in that

there,
set

had, from
of
ritual

settlement

palace,
where

apart
church

Cosins, the exiled

the
duke

for the purpose, largest saloons performed with great reverence The bishop of Durham. young
were

our

of
to

York, who
the

both their in

at

that

time

by Dr. king and zealously

its service persons of

attached

regularly when of the queen's England.'

Queen

religionof they were

household

father, attended
Paris
; likewise

any the

who

belonged

to

church

grieved at the intolerance much of abbe Montague ; she expressed to her ladies how the loss of father her, and said, Phillipps had embarrassed duced It was abbe with Montague who had indispleasure,that
at first
was
"

Henrietta

her

sister-in-law transfer

to

break

Louvre,
the

and

her
This

up residence
a

her
to

establishment
mere

at

the
at

apartments
to
own

Palais-Eoyal."

was

severe

blow
her

the court

English
at

exiles,for the queen-regent

then

held

the

Palais-Eoyal, and queen The a separate dwelHng.

her account to receive her

Henrietta

lost the

independence
same

of bade for-

queen-regent
Charles

at the

time

son

II. to visit

her

there, on

declared that political expediency ; and likewise no reUgious worship, excepting according to the ritual of the take Catholic Eoman church, should place within the walls the duke of Gloucester, and other of her palace. Thus of England in queen Henrietta's church of the members deprived of all opportunities of worship, exfamily were of
^

Carte's

Life

of Ormonde,

94

HENRIETTA

MAEIA.

cepting
who the
the had

at

the

chapel
ambassador and

of

sir Richard from

Browne,'
and I.,

gentleman
others,
eveiy

been

Charles
the

still retained

residence

privilegesof
the duke from

embassy riding
and

; among

chapel.
as
^

Thither

of his York his

Gloucester

went

day,

he
and he

walked
when

home
the duke

fencing
from
his

emy acadpaigns, cam-

of

returned

likewise

attended
at the
same

church

of

England
some

religious duties of matters chapel. Thus

II. had
left his

the
tinued con-

for brother
viewed service

months
his mother's

after
care.

Charles Her

young

under the very and

confessor, Montague,

secret,
time.'

of the daily attendance invidiously; however, on began to work queen

The fruits

Stuart

princes
his

at

divine in
cordingly. ac-

he

formed Henrietta's

plans
mind in

of

his machinations
to the

appeared
influence the of convent

due

It

was

probably owing
queen
Henrietta when

abbe
of

Montague
Chaillot, at
restoration
residence

that
a

founded

period
the the
some

of at for

scarcely a hope royal family. After

was

remained her queen could

of

the

independent
Henrietta

Louvre

broken where

up,
she

yearned
of
her

private home,
with

pass

part
the such

time

slavery of
a

perfect living in public

necessary
can

in

quiet, without
the

being subjected to
French and
court.

As of her and

retreat

was

for her

health

peace

mind,
sins

this of

foundation

bigotry, for
for
a were

it

scarcely be reckoned among vexed no person's conscience,

of harmless
and

vided pro-

community
at that time

charitable

women,

who

struggling with distress.* The of Port nuns Eoyal offered their house when for religious Henrietta wished retirement. Whether the stigma of predestinarianism (afterwards called
had then is not

queen
or

not

ism) Jansen-

been

affixed

to but

this
the

community
queen
a

by
poor

abbe
the
munity com-

Montague
offer. She of settled

mentioned,
under
nuns
a

declined

took the in

her
of the

protection
Visitation Catherine

very
of de St.

Mary,

and

them

house

which

Medicis

had

'

Father-in-law
Carte's Inedited of

of the of

celebrated
vol.

John ii. p.

Evelyn.
163.
of
"

"
*

Life

Ormonde,
in the

Ibid.

paper

secret

archives

France, h"tel

de

Soubise, Paris, by

favor

M.

Guizot.

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

95

built the of

as

villa

on

the

bold

eminence Henrietta
de

at

Chaillot,opposite to
estate

Champ-de-Mars.
the heirs had many
of

Queeu

marechal

purchased this Bassompierre, to whom

was

her

father
with

granted it,but
difficulties. of the At

the

foundation

at first beset

last she

obtained
and

for

her

nuns

the

protection
and

queen-regent

Paris, Queen
had have
"

the of

latter the

expedited
foundation
for
a

the

appellation
a

of
own

archbishop of the under letters-patent, of the queen England.*

apartments
those which

the

Henrietta view

chose and

her
most
"

without,
over

commanded
she

Paris

prospect they must her reasons were," she said,

noble

to might prevent her ladies from having access the secluded portions of the convent, unless they obtained the the especialleave of the abbess, lest they might trouble for herself, she usually received of the votaresses calm ; as her visits in the even came parlor of the convent, and In her this convent thither consult to was physician." The her educated youngest daughter, Henrietta. queen and that their prayers used ple to tell the nuns, on good examconversion of the rest of her for the she depended Henrietta had conversions now family. On these queen all things she wished to entirely fixed her heart : above that
'

of the young interrupt the attendance the at church-of-Bngland chapel. Her of the the close abbe Montague, about

duke

of

Gloucester

chief year
duke did not
an

counsellor, 1654, either

of

discovered,
much

or a

affected
course

to

discover, that
education he
of
were
an

the

ter Glouceshim

required
so

of
because

which

allow

freedom,
at the

had

formed with

imprudent
some

intimacy
wild This French
was

academies

exercise
like
to

young

gallants,who by
no means

mislead

his

youth.'
as

unlikely circumstance,
academies
like any

he

walked scholar for

to
; but

and

from

the
to

other

day-

it appears

have

sending
at

Gloucester
to

to the off from

tamed, but

be

cut

worship
"

the

ambassador's
this
effect

urged as an excuse Jesuits' college, not only to be all opportunities of attending chapel. As the idea of the
in the

been

The

letters-patentto

are

archives

of

France, hdtel
Ormonde.

de

Soubise.
2

Ibid.

Carte's

Life

of

96
of the

HENKIETTA

MAKIA.

seventy
to may queen Eoman be and

Jesuits'

Catholic

plan of boys, what

A

education it
was

was

even terrific,

to

young

Gloucester between the

imagined.
her
enter
son

long
of

contest

ensued

; he

pleaded
the

his

refused
was

to

the

walls

and positively religion, college. Finding that he

resolute, she compromised

him to

the

matter,
the chose

not

much

to

his

satisfaction, by sending
with
season

spend
who

month

ber of Novemat the

her

confessor
to

Montague,
his

to retire

of
first
; but

Advent

benefice, the
young
an excuse

abbey
send for

of

Pontoise.

At
him

Mr.
the

Lovel, the
queen
made

duke's to

tutor, accompanied
this

to and his

Paris, and
monks.' it
; at
as
was

Gloucester
Then the

was

left alone

with
to

gentleman Montague
young him for
to

abbe

confided
to

the

prince
a

that

his mother's
same

intention

educate

cardinal

the his the

time

he

strenuously represented
who
were

him, "that

proceed
to

from
him

hopes of advancement royal family of Prance,

sole son, how much it would

in life must

willing
interest

adopt
embrace

as

be

to

his

to

immediately
he If oifered

the
to

Catholic
convince

points of which by argument."

Eoman

various on religion, him instantaneously had he

even

Catholic,
most

young there is no

Gloucester
doubt but

been

would

have

made

the

to a religious destination livelyresistance ; as it he pleaded vehemently his church-of-England creed, was, and the promise his royal mother had made to the king, his ful shamebrother, not to tamper with it, adding, that it was
"

to assail him

with
answer was

controversy
it." sent him
to

in his tutor's

absence,
earnest

who
quest, re-

could

and Mr.

would

At to

Gloucester's Pontoise.

Lovel

back

The
to

queen

afterwards he

permitted
attended the

bring
of

his

pupil

Paris, where

again
Queen
with had

service

the

church

of

England,

at

sir Eichard

Browne's

chapel.
a

Henrietta,
said
to

short
and
was

time told

after, had
him her
"

stormy
all

view intertague Mon"

Gloucester,
him

that

abbe

by

directions

;" and,
force
He

that she into

by

as

to

must
^

urging against her her promise observe, that she had promised not
Montague
seems

his

to the to

king,
him
converted

Abb6

is

usually
to

called

in

history
to
one

Jesuit.
the

was

the

Jesuits, but

have

belonged

of

anoient

orders.

98
remember
that
come

HENRIETTA

MAKIA.

you

very

well I
am

the

commands
you

I left with will

you them

at my ;

going
your
can

away letters
to

cerning con-

point.
Paris

confident it is the do to

observe

yet

that

from

say,

that

your

religion,in
you must fall shall the
cause

which,
never on me

if you think
or

hearken
see

queen's purpose to her, England

from
or

to do
or me

all she

change
in

to

anybody
;

else

that

matter,
mischief
as

again
well
so

and

whatsoever
you,

my

affairs

this time, I must

consider loves you,
;

lay
it

all upon is
to

being
the and

only
of

cause

of it.
a

Therefore,
who

what

be
of

not your

only king
:

ruining
Do
not

brother

you

well, but by
the force

also
or

country.
first

let them

persuade
will have
use

either
for and

fair
as

ises promas no

the

they

neither

dare, they

nor

and

second, they

soon care

they have
more
"

perverted you,
also

will

their

end, put
never

then

will

for you. I
am

informed, there
you, goes have of If to
on

is
same

purpose

to

you

into

the

Jesuits*
unto ;

college,
soever whenat all ;

which

I command

the

grounds,
you
in

to consent not

and

anybody for,though
the
as

dispute with
on

religion,do
the I be not

answer

them

you

reason

your is not

side, yet they, being

upon what
to
same

prepared, will
with remember your shall the

have

advantage they
of
to
are.

anybody
you do

that not

familiarity
unto

argument
last and last

consider
were

say

you, to this

words
never

your

dead

father, which
in it ;

constant

religion,
be
the

be shaken
will hear

which,
Dear

if you

do

observe,

time

you

from,
"

brother,

your

most

affectionate
"

Chablbs

II."

notwithstanding the royal authority of her eldest son, resolved her intentions without not to give up mode of young of shaking the resolution trying another him Gloucester. One day, after dinner, she took apart
The
queen,

she

emhraced

him,
how

she him

kissed
"

him, and, with

tender
an

all the she

ness sweet-

told possible, to

how

affection

bore

him,

and her

compel
weary,

my
I
am

grieved her that love itself should to proceed with are seeming severity. You of being entreated, and child,"she continued,
"

much

it

truly
of

trial.

weary Grive

of
one

it too

; but

I will
more

shorten
to

your

time

hearing
in your
on

abbe without

Montague;
entering
then The either duke had
from and of

sequester
into
send

yourself
diversion
me

apartment,
his
final

any
or

; meditate
a

words, and commenced,

bring
that his

full

and

answer."'

Gloucester,before
meant

this

conversation
as soon as

ceived per-

mother,
a

she

had
with

risen

table,
fearful

to have
some

private
should
sent
Life
of

conference

him,
him

lest

admission

be young

extorted

from

favorable
of

to her

views,

he
'

had
Carte's

GriflSn,the
vol. ii.

gentleman

Ormonde,

p. 166.

HENRIETTA

MAEIA.

99 of Ormonde
to his

his

bedchamber,
as soon

to
as

fetch

the

marquess
come,

assistance had
to

he could

for the

placed him under his religion. "When

and caresses, her to

this nobleman's
had queen Gloucester retired

king, his brother, protection in regard

finished
to all her
treaties en-

the

his

obedience
to

commands.
a

Abbe
course

Montague
of

chamber, in came directly

to fluence into know

him,

and his

long determination, and

he
"

commenced

arguments

then to her

what

answer

was

to

carry

urged him majesty, his

to
"

mother. marquess

Gloucester
of
an

said, None
"

;" resolving first

said

see

the

Ormonde.

Then,"
to

hour,

and the

carry
marquess

moment sent

shall Montague, her majesty your answer." entered, according to the

return

in

At
summons

that

the young self himduke found by GriflBn,and when and supported by the presence testimony of his father's to the abbe friend, he turned Montague, and said,that "His
final firm
answer

to him

to

his mother the Then

was,

that of

he

meant

to

continue abbe that

in the

religionof

church it is her

answered,
you
see

abruptly,
"

The England." majesty's command

her

face
was

no

more."

Gloucester
utmost
a

deeply agitated at
he entreated

earnestness

last
"

interview

with

the

this message the ; with " that he might be mitted perher parting to ask queen,
"

blessing."
refuse."
duke
'

This," Montague
remained to

said,
in

he

was

empowered
his

to

Gloucester

despair ;
with
to

brother, the

of

York,

came

him,

and

pitied his
interceded

misfortune.

York

went

his

great tenderness royal mother, and

Henrietta earnestly for his brother, but in vain. inexorable clared dewas violently reproached York, and ; she that she would henceforth signify her pleasure to of her confessor, neither of her sons, except by the medium
"

Montague."
the

York

returned

to

Gloucester's
It
was

apartments

in

Palais-Eoyal
before
was

with

this message. time.

The the

Sunday
of the

ing, morn-

church

conference entrance

royal

brothers who
"the

interrupted by
the
in

of abbe

Montague,

renewed

controversy by representing
which
; he
Life of

to Gloucester

destitution

he

would
him
vol.

be
to

mother's

renunciation
"

advised
Ormonde,

plunged by his speak to her him-

Carte's

ii. p. 166.

100

HENKIETTA

MARIA.

Belf, as
lot."
to

she He

was

then
"

going
that

to

mass

at her

convent

of
to
"
"

Chailmake

added,

the

him, which
have

would
duke

quite
of

had queen set his heart

"

proposals
at

rest."

fear,
but the

sir," replied the

will not
in the queen

Gloucester,

my
can

mother's have this

; the
no

proposals
rest

that

for my effect, of her my

way

heart

free

exercise

religion."
to her in her

At

moment

passed, in
She

coach way,
and

followed

her, and, kneeling

remained overwhelmed who
was

asked

duke young her maternal

blessing.
on;

angrily repulsed him,

with

he abbe

haughtily passed this sorrow. Upon

the
effect that to

the

Montague,
harshness
a

watching
on

rietta's Hen-

had

had

her
asked

son,

stepped
"

and,
had thank

in

tone

of

condolence,
had
so

him,
him

What ?"
"
"

up her

him,

majesty
I may
;
"

said, which

yoa it is but reason should So

discomposed for,sir,"replied the young

that
to you,
"

What

duke, sharply
has
see

and I

what Be

my
sure

mother that
I

just said

to

me,

repeat

indignantly from then time for morning ately immediit was as service, he went Browne's to sir Richard chapel, accompanied by his the duke and these of York; brother princes comforted themselves by attending devoutly to the liturgy of the persecuted of church When Gloucester returned England.
turned

saying, he

face no more." your his persecutor, and,

from little
to his

divine

service, he
the
course

went

to

his

apartments
had
taken. had

as

usual, found,
strict he and

thinking
that
no

his mother
queen to

He

consternation, that
dinner that
was

Henrietta be

given
him,
not
a

orders
must

prepared
Hatton
him to

for
had

have
home at

starved
to

day
The

if lord

taken future

him

his

table, and

begged
young

accept

with difficulty prince was for he to accept his hospitality, prevailed on generously reminded it lord Hatton that to might occasion Cromwell of which sequester his estate in England, the remnant was, this cavalier.' banished as yet, spared to When Gloucester left the a Palais-Royal, with heavy

lodging

his house.

heart,
what

queen

Henrietta

received
of

visit

from
was

her eager

sister-into

law, the

queen-regent
these
"

France, who
measures

know pre-

success

severe

(which they
ii. pp.

had

Carte's

Ormonde,

vol.

166, 167.

HENRIETTA

MAEIA.

101
had
in

viously concerted
At the

with

Montague)
of
queen

had

mission. inducing subshe

sent the

desire

Henrietta,
son, to to

duke of Anjou/ her young duke the of Gloucester, to

manner, of said

second

seek
in

his
a

cousin

represent
incur

him,

friendly
wills
and

the

trouble

he

would

by
a

resisting the
had
taken

both that
he

queens.
no
one

Anjou returned,
knew that The

after

long search,
and

whither his

Gloucester
were

refuge
his

after food
some

found

apartments
at he

dismantled

cashiered.

queens

alarm, heard

that
the but

had

thither into to

they
was,

sent

marquess

length, after experiencing taken refuge with lord Hatton ; du Plessis to persuade him
he
ever

submission,
"

the

send

that

he

was

sole message than more

fallen return and

could

induce
to

him

attached

the

church be."
duke

of
That

England, however night, after his

of

distressed

she

might

from

of Gloucester

stole back

to the to

opportunity
her
heard

bidding
their

farewell mother But the

evening prayers, the Palais-Eoyal to take the his sister,the princess

ft-om the vespers
at

Henrietta, before
Chaillot of his
she

returned
moment

convent. intention to

to resist the and

queen's

young will,and
me,

princess
to leave

her,
O
am

began

shriek
!

me,

my

brother forever that

Oh, my
!"
'

" O cry aloud, ! what mother

my shall

mother I do ? these

I
clamations ex-

undone

The
in

duke

gathered
terror

from

she

was

mortal

of

the

queen's

left her, and displeasure; he therefore he found his own sleeping-room, which with
was

disconsolately sought
cold
While and

dismantled,
Gloucester ment arrange-

the

sheets
in

taken

off the

bed.'

looking
for
to his know

dismay at this very night's rest, his groom

what
he

poor unmaternal entered

in

should

do

with

great perplexity his horses, for the

queen's comptroller was, out of the royal stables.

could
not

by

her

commands,
duke nine

turning
a

them

The
at

declared o'clock
at

new

place

night. The would Henrietta discharge him comptroller said, queen during that night." before morning, if they remained all these cares regarding his horses, his Gloucester, when
be found
for

them

"

1
2

Afterwards The
Late

duke

of Orleans.
in

"

Carte's p. 437.

Life

of Ormonde.

Troubles
of

England,

"

Carte's

Life

Ormonde.

102

HENRIETTA

MAEIA.

servants,
of
was

and

himself

were

thrown
In last

penniless,and
Ormonde the

just

fourteen.
sold the order master

his hands, upon this dilemma, the

he

was

quess mar-

jewel

George
son

of the
of

of the
with

possessed,which Garter, to provide the

necessaries distress

persecuted
It
was

his

the

of her

life. band's hus-

to equally disgraceful of Henrietta and faithful impoverished servants with him

by burdening
it
was

them

the
for his

maintenance

of

her

son,

as

to

his

integrityin
in his action
to

preserving
Henrietta
an

the

promise
Such

cute persehe had

cidedly de-

made

to

father
worst
seems

tender queen taken

childhood.
ever

was

the The queen

committed.

have

ungenerous of their

advantage
ment banish-

of her

superior influence
to resent former imbibed

in the

land
and

mutual

grudges

during the lifetime of the others chancellor Hyde, Ormonde, and among many virtuous of the most church-of-Bngland royalists; but, it her love lost,for they hated be owned, there must was no has left curious minutes of his farewell bitterly. Hyde he departed from Paris to interview with the queen, when of 1654. Previously, join her son at Cologne in the autumn the queen had been with not on him, but speaking terms lord her permission for audience to him Percy intimated into her presence, When he came she reproached of leave. him and told him that noticed for disrespect, one every her he never entered her presence, though he lodged under The chancellor had mentioned roof" She replied,that it was his punishment, but his crime. That he not true
had
"

she jealousies,which husband her against

"

wished

not

all the
was

world
widow

to behold of

that late

he

was

not

favored the the

by

her

who of

the

his

benefactor, and
as

mother

his

present king
a

; and and

that,
it
was

she
not

enjoyed
in

assistance
to

of
with

puissant court,
the
on

his

power from
welcome un-

aid

her

smallest
her

service, he
as

had

abstained knew
he
was

obtruding
without

himself
he

; but

hoped
what could in

presence, she would

had taken told him

he
not amiss that

now

dismiss
in his his

him,

naming
sons was

she

conduct."
in

"Queen Henrietta
her

have
their and

zeal

ing keepof

steady
the

attachment

to the

church

England

head

front

of

his

offending;

but

HENEIBTTA

MAUIA.

103
their
seem

though
with the

she

shut

her

eyes

to the

fact that Fi-ance

compliance
at
once

religion of time-serving, insincere, and hopes in England, still she did

her

dominant

would
to all

ruinous
not
name

their real

future
cause

the old
an

of She

heart-burning against
some

her

husband's

friend.
old

uttered
"

passionate
she should

words

respecting
her
to credit

grudge,
her

that

he but

formerly had
that

lessened be

with
her
to

band, hus-

now."

Then

glad carelessly extending

change
hand

opinion
him,
and

her

turning half away while he knelt and kissed with a displeased air into her bedchamber.
The
duke of York did
;

she departed it,

all that

was was same

in

his power
under In

to
as

assist
much

his brother

Gloucester

indeed,
for
as

he

nearly
cause.'
an

disgrace
future
church to

with

his mother
II. testified

the

fact, the
to the

James of

ardent

attachment exiled
as

England
of

while

oppressed
in the

and

he No

showed
sentations repreinduce

the

church

of Eome

decline

of his

life.

interest, made
his
over

by
faith.

his

mother,
of their

could

him
him

to to

forsake watch
to

father's the

Charles

II. had

charged
in

proceedings
of
""
"

their young what

mother

regard
He hath
of wrote

the
to

religious education
thus
:
"

brother. the
in

him

I have
our

told

promised me religion; and

attempt
take the

concerning have given

be
made

you brother

queen

Harry,
to inform

point
you
if you

him

charge
him,

any
will

should best
care

upon
to

in which

case

you

can

prevent his being wrought

upon."
of Bohemia princess of Orange and the queen the protection of the states of Holland) (who then resided under Gloucester heard of the persecutions which young his mother, on ment of his attachaccount was enduring from both cere tried and sinto the religion of which they were II. votaries, they were indignant, and urged Charles

When

the

to

order

him thus
"

to

be

sent her was,

James
to

to them.

The to sir

admirable Edward

queen

of
on

Bohemia this
1
'

wrote
'
"

mind

Nicholas my
best

subject :

I
of

Saturday last,with
II.
sir
*

niece

Autograph
The queen

Memoirs
of

Miscellanea

Bohemia

B.

Nicholas,

dated

Aulioa, p. 108. November 16, 1664.

"

Evelyn's Correspondence,

vol. iv. p. 152.

104

HENEIETTA

MAEIA.

(the princess of Orange)

I
assure

at

Teiling,it being
trouble
the for her

her
dear

birthday.
brother

you

that I for
am

she

is in much that

Gloucester.
much
cause

sorry

grief:

I beseech

remedy it. I believe that my has a good resolution, but there

tender

king (Charles II.) has so that God he may speedily dear nephew Gloucester
is
no

trusting to
the queen,

one

of his

age.
have
an

I confess

I did

not

think

his

mother,

would

proved, to the arrival of Anne Henrietta, and this was Hyde at queen the of honor to the princess of Orange. Hague, as maid The princess had previously,out of gratitude for the fidelity of chancellor father, given him a Hyde to her unfortunate house rent-free, without which, belonging to her at Breda comprised
as

proceeded thus.'' The important event, as

postscript to
it afterwards

this letter

he

declares, he
When his
was

must eldest very

have

wanted
was

shelter about
to

for

his

dren. chil-

daughter
fond of The

fifteen, the
relieve reminded

princess,who
chancellor
her that of

her,
be
a

wished

the

her

maintenance. Henrietta to

chancellor

queen
wished

would

offended, because

he

knew
of

she

recommend

young
died

lady
at

in the

mistress Killigrew who young while the princess of Orange was

had

of the the

staying

place small-pox Spa with

her

king, her brother. royal highness's favor

the

He
to

declared, likewise,

"that

draw daughter would upon him further of the displeasure of his which a access queen, and that her already heavily oppressed him, royal highness would To which the princess of experience her share." Orange replied, I have always paid the duty to the queen,
"

his

my
own

mother, which

was can

her
receive

due

; but

am

mistress
I to

of

my

family, and

what
if I

servants

please," nay,
a

I should

my wrong just action lest her

some

mother,

forbore

do

good

and

majesty
have due

should

be offended
to my you will discern

at it.

I know

that

ill ofSees not

been time

done she

mother, but
that

I doubt

that

in

she

has

greatly averse a but the partialityof the separation from his of Bohemia princess and the queen to the young bore lady overhis reluctance,and Anne Hyde was finallyestablished at the Henrietta Hague. Meantime, queen showed some
to

been

mistaken."

Chancellor

Hyde daughter,

remained

106

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

Theresa,
the
see

were

broken,

that

the

king, her

son,

should
"

espouse
that of had
was

young him

princess of England ;" but her Spanish niece was marry

Louis
no

she the

owned,
first wish

to her
as a

heart."

XIV., who
in his

was

still in his

minority,
of

yet
his his

seen

beauty
and

small

delicate

child,and
aunt,

young he took
if any

English cousin, who

an

opportunity
accident freed

showing
from

mother

that

him

it was the last of his thoughts to replace Spanish fiancee, her with the English princess. One evening, in the spring invited of 1655, queen Henrietta and her daughter were to the Anne at a of Austria see ball,which king dance gave ill some in her private apartments. That had been queen in a wrapping-robe and the days, and appeared dressed that she was cornette or morning cap of that era, to mark
an

invalid.

Her
and in

guests
those the

were

the had

duchesses young

and

ladies

of

her

household,
to

who

daughters brought
was

them,
for
the

figure
young
and

grande quadrille which

The

formed
a

king.
the

party
were

was

rather the

of of age

character,
of

dancers

from

age
the

juvenile the princess

of Louis

England,
who kind
was

who

was

about It

eleven, to
was

XIY.,
of
had the

just
which

sixteen. the

the

first amusement
of

in

princess

Henrietta
that

England

her cousin, the appeared, and etiquette demanded dance with He her. was king of Prance, should young in de Marie Mancini then distractedly love with (niece to his artful prime minister. Mazarine), and was ready to This share his crown with her. lady not being young her with sister,the duchess present, he chose to dance led Mercosur, and, despite of his mother's commands, out
rose as

de

her

his

partner
from

in the

branle,or
chair

brawl.

The

queen-regent
was

abruptly by queen Henrietta,

niece the of

her
and

of state, where
to Louis

she

sitting
took to

advancing
him,
and

XIV.,
him

the lead

Mazarine

from

commanded

rietta, Queen Henprincess of England to the dance. at the anger of her sister-in-law and greatly alarmed the of her and lowering brow nephew, immediately rose She assured the joined the group. king that her daughter young
"

would hurt her

not

dance,

"

she

was

too

young

besides, she had

These

foot, and

could

not

be

his

partner."

polite

HENRIETTA

MAEIA.

107
declared
to

excuses

availed of

not

; Anne

of
not

Austria her

that

if the

queen

England
have neither

suffered
no

daughter
rank.

dance, the
The result

king
was,

should that

partner of lower
XIV.
nor

princess Henrietta in disgrace all the evenThe ing joined the dancers. king was time with his mother, who from to reproached him time ; and he answered, sullenly, that he did not like little ' The of England could not girls." help attributing queen the rudeness of the young king to contempt for her fallen serious morstate. tification She, however, experienced a still more when the princess Marguerite, the daughter of of at the duchess of Savoy, arrived court her sister the of Louis for the hand the candidate as France, literally and the XIV. This tawny fair, princess treated her aunt delicate English princess, her daughter, with the supercilious
"

Louis

the

condescension
relations.' poor For nearly two queen view sister

that

some

rich

heiresses

use

towards

years

coldness
her sons,

had

been
were

kept

Henrietta

and

who

tween up beinclined to Catholic

her

exclusive

fondness

for their

young

Eoman

the prinjealousy,when cess something like angry of Orange paid her a visit,in hopes of reconciling all her eldest The differences. was delighted to see queen with

daughter,
conversion

but

the

moment

she She

beheld her

her
to

the
the

mania
nuns

of
of
treaties en-

returned. beset the

carried

Chaillot, who
but

that

his theological arguments, Cyprian of ing the princess aU in vain Orange persisted in remain; It was of England.' at this visit church to the true had of York, who the duke accompanied his sister at
; father

poor added

princess with

their

pious

the with
"

end Anne

of

campaign Hyde, of whom

his

as

her he thus

escort

to

Paris, fell

in love
"

Besides
a

her heart

person,
less

she
to

had take

apt
a

: speaks in his memoirs all the qualitiesproper flame to infire than his,and she brought

his

passion to
Madame MS. de

such

height that, between

toI.
v.

the

time

he

first

' '

Motteville,

pp.

185, 186.

ibid. queen cburoh

of P6re had
in

Cyprian,
her

who

admits, when
to
turn

discussing this visit,that daughter

Henrietta

secretly endeavored

her

Mary

from

the

of

England

girlhood.

108
saw

HENRIETTA

MAEIA.

her

and
to

the

winter

marry
to

The

king,
and him

whom

dissuaded

solved king's restoration, he rebut her, and promised her to do it. none his conhe confided his passion,refused sent, the his brother from marriage, which

before

the

made Time

conceal
and

it for

several

months."
were

death, meanwhile,
fortunes
of

change
the mind of
a

in the

of the
at

decease the

Cromwell queen
to be

silently effecting a royal family of England ; but first raised no hopes in the
restoration
her of her
son.

widowed

for the able

It is

curious

at this
a

point crisis, by means

was on

to unveil

actual
'

feelings

of the
so

in whom person de Motteville. It

she

in

to following letter, written thoroughly confided as madame to a letter of that answer lady,

congratulating her
Qdeen
"

the
Mabia

removal
to

of

her
de

persecutor
Mottbtillb.

"

Henrietta
accuse
me

Madame

You
of

might
my

with
not

reason

of showing
you I

little I

sensibilityto the
received

ness kind-

friends, if though
dated

I did
on

inform

that

only
you
you,

your

letter

this

morning,
news

Sunday.
that

thought
I
own

would

hear
it that I my

with be
I

joy the
that
my
see

of is
aa

the
so

death

of that
in

sclUrat, but
it

to

whether of it,or
us, of

heart

wrapt
any

melancholy
most

is will

incapable
accrue

really
no

not,

yet,

great advantages
the I have du madame

that

to

hut
all de

feel

very I

great satisfaction ; will thank beg you warmly.

would is it
more
on

is,seeing the
Plessis
and make

hopes

friends.
very

mademoiselle

Belnave company.
in

I should

be indeed
on

rejoiced to

the fourth

in

your

I there
see

dwell
in

long
my

the than

tried
can

friendshipof
you
to

all of you my you

for me, actions

but

truth

heart

be expressed, and

shall make
me, that

you

all occasions.

I entreat

believe, or
"

will wrong

I am,

from

the

depth

of

my

soul,
Your

friend,
"

Henriette

Marie,
so

R."

The

hopes
to the

of

better

times, which
of the
next

had

appeared
were I.,

tinct indis-

mind

of the widow
course

of Charles few

gradually
when flocked the
to the

developed
appearance
her court

in the
of and

months,
who

certain

English time-servers,
to

endeavored
of

forestall

her

favor, proved
Prom
be

unerring symptoms of journal of one

the
"
'

approaching prosperity.
fair-weather
"
"

the

these

friends
After

followingintelligence :
Life
of James

may the death

ered gath-

of Crom-

Autograph
Madame of de

II., edited
v.

Motteville,vol.
Marie,
queen

p. 275.

by Macpherson, pp. 15-21. letter is headed, This

written

"

Copy

of

letter

Henriette

hand,
death

to Madame

of Cromwell

throughout with her own de Motteville, this Wednesday, September 18, 1658, N.S." The had occurred September 13th, N.S., September 3d, old style.

of

England,

HBNEIETTA

MAEIA.

109

well," says sir John to be known Eeresby, I endeavored in the queen-mother's she kept then at the court, which
"

Palais-Eoyal.

of her majesty, at that time, had none children with her but the princess Henrietta, and as few of the English made their court to her, I was the better ceived. reI spoke French, and danced pretty well, and the princess,then about fifteen years of age, behaved to young
me

Her

with
me,

all

the

civil freedom
on

that

might
to
me

be

she

danced

with

played
me

the
on

harpsichord
her her in
as a

in her in

suffered and

to

wait
to

she walked

the

apartment, garden,
two

sometimes
in

toss

swing,
at

betweeu

great
sions.' diver-

trees, and,
The she had
men

fine,to be
had
a

present

all her

innocent

queen

great afi'ection for England, though

France
"

met

with
and

such ladies

severityof
of

great

there. usage she discoursed

Before
much

the in

of their their praise of the people and country, courage, the she would excuse generosity, and good-nature; and siasts, rebellion, as being brought about by some desperate enthurather than proceeding from the temper of the nation. of her care in regard to our To give a little instance trymen, counI happened one day to carry an English gentleman a to he, willing to be very gay, had got him court, and to his suit ; and garniture of rich red and yellow ribbons and called to me, the effect, observing the absurd queen, advised
his
me

to tell my of in

friend for and

to two

mend

his taste
he had

little

as

to

choice

ribbons, France,

the

ridiculous I had
...

would
in
an

three
an

cousins ancient
was

joined were make people laugh at him. in France, English convent

colors
abbess

one

of

them the told

lady, since
wont to retire

of the
some

house.

Thither this
in

queen
me

for
the

lady
of

that

lord

Jermyn
it
was

had

days, and greatly queen

he had
common un-

awe

him, and
interest to

indeed
her

obvious her
concerns

that

with

and

; but

that

he

have by her, as some tainly cerreported,I did not then believe, though the thing was the mentions same so.'' Pepys gossip story, and had An by Jermyn. speaks of a daughter that the queen
was

married

her,

or

had

chOdren

"

Sir John in the

Reresby'a Memoirs,
time

p. 4. the

Swinging

was

still a

fashionable

sion diver-

of Addison.

See

Spectator.

110
assertion has

HENRIETTA

MAKIA.

print to the following often "I writer: myself have effect,by an anonymous the with exiled king, Mr. E. Osborne, then at Paris heard and the Henrietta he lord Jermyn affirm that saw queen " I be by myself" may together.'' Who solemnly married
likewise been
made in
"

name,

it would

not

be of

easy
a

at

present
of

to

discover

he

is the
in

surpassing all the other the Stuart on personal slanders sovereigns,a difficult task, but he has certainlyaccomplished it.*
the

anonymous 1690 with

author avowed

most

atrocious

libel, published

intention

So

little did

ration of France expect the restogovernment of the royal family of Stuart, that cardinal Mazarine, the

fearful would with

of
not

incurring the permit Charles

enmity
II. to

of

Cromwell's
more

successor,
a

tarry
on son

than road

few

days
Pont-

he was Henrietta, when queen the and her arabia. Both queen he

his

from

that

might
at

be her

permitted
on

to at

earnestly petitioned her, she stay longer with

Colombes
"'

being
left

then

country-seat
his

nevertheless.

Mazarine his

insisted
mother with her

to hold

Charles departure from France. consultations unwillingly, as he had many respecting the important change in English

affairs, and,
to with

to the

regret
who

of
was

both,
mind
a

he

was

forced

to retire

Brussels.
the state

Eeresby,
of

rather
in close

better

acquainted
than
on

the

public
was

England
attendant

the

French

prime-minister,remained
court,
and

queen
news
pressed ex-

Henrietta's
of

actually
He

there

when
the

the queen French

a

the

Eestoration

arrived.

affirms

that

extravagant

English
either
of

court

joy ; and, that the whole might rejoicewith her, she gave
every courtier of

and

cent magnifito

ball,to which country,

sir John
was

note,

belonging

whatsoever

invited,and all the English gentlemen, politics they might be, were guests : among

others,
dance

Eeresby
was
a

was

commanded

by
resort
"

the

queen

to

with
"

the There

cardinal's

niece,
much

the

beautiful
at
to

Hortense
this time those
of

Mancini.
to
1

greater

our

queen's
History
of of

court," pursues
of the

Eeresby,
II.
and

than

Secret

Reigns
of

of

Charles

James

II., with

True

Portraiture
'

William James

Henry

Nassau.

Memoirs

II., written

by himself.

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

HI

the the it

two

French

queens,

for

her

great beauty of the young

more

attractive
in

than

the
I had

good-humor and wit, and princess,her daughter, made solemn served Spanish etiquette obmore

the

others. while

honors
at

from

our

queen

and

her

That their
not

daughter, certainly was

stayed

Paris, than

I deserved." made
for

true, since the

to

hospitality was,
the of queen she

he only return promulgate a slander,

can

for

which

slightest evidence
Henrietta
was

be

discovered.
a

In

private
; it
news

the

joy

assumed the her

devout

character the

appears

that

at

Palais-Eoyal
abode
to her

when
nuns

arrived, and
the
moment

hastened

from of

at Chaillot the

she Here

heard

it,to glad them

till her the
son

with

tidings. at Paris, for a flyingvisit, incognito,

her in
at
a a

she

remained

Charles

II.

good jpaid

on

the

subject.
of

The

mother

of purpose and dined son

and
were

ing consult-

together
on

refectory table by the

solemn
and
on

the

Chaillot In the
the

convent,

waited assisted

nuns.

service prayers the

in

evening the chapel, in which

offered of for the

queen

at

the

whole

choir of

sung, Heaven

were

benedictions

royal family
son
a

from

this

time, all her

in his

sumed, reEngland.^ The queen former activity of mind ;

and,
to
crowns

to

assist her
for him

restoration,she exerted
or

herself

obtain from
every The

loan,
tie and

the

duchess

present, of fifty thousand of Savoy, her newed sister,and she realliance in his

ancient

favor.

delirious

joy

of
a

the

Eestoration, May
which
and her
on

29, 1660,
forth

was

not

by her, following apostrophe Cowley, in his

II.
:
"

witnessed

circumBtanee

called

the
brated celeof

from ode

poet

secretary, the
and restoration

the

return

Charles

"

Where's
To In

now

the
her

royal mother,
share

"

where

take this the

mighty
she

inspiring sight,
part takes,
not
now
new

And

with
**

to add

to

the

delightI

Ah, why

art thou

here,
the

Thou
To
see

always best, and

our

happiest queen,
joy
be
seen

joy,

and

with

How

well

thy
of

different

virtues

thee
of

become.
I"

Daughter
1

triumphs,
h8tel
de

queen

martyrdom
Secrete

Inedited

MS.

at

the

Soubise, Archives

de

France.

112
Her she her

HENRIETTA

MAEIA.

delay
had
in

seems

to in

have

been

occasioned her

hand,
the In

regard to
of

by the negotiation daughter's marriage with

death of her brother of
his

nephew
in

Phillippe, who,
autumn midst

by

the

Gaston,
Orleans. eldest Orleans

1659, had

the

of the

duke latelybecome rejoicingsfor the union of the infanta Maria

brother, Louis
had fallen

XIV., with
XIY.

Theresa,
cousin.

violentlyin
was

love with likewise

his beautiful

by sensiblytouched her charms when it was A marriage between too late. one the other of her or royal nephews with her daughter, was aim of Henrietta from the time she determined to bring her Even Catholic. fully aware up a Eoman pere Cyprian was His of the policy of the queen of England in this matter. of manuscripts conliain a graphic portrait of Henrietta I will continue the history of He Now England. says : well known how entirely she 1Q.J petiteprincesse. It was her mother. Indeed it often beloved was by the queen happens that parents love most tenderly their youngest for the affection of the patriarch Jacob children, witness Of all her children, certainly the Joseph and Benjamin. cherished la petiteprincesse the most, though she had queen
It is said

that

Louis

"

"

for

the

whole

the due
a

true

affection to

of

mother."

It must

be

confessed, with
that

deference

the pere

extraordinary way those who persisted in attending the service of the church of England. La the petiteprincesse," continues father, of noble was a rare a beauty, of a sweet temper, and and spii'it, applied herself to all the exercises befitting to her skilful the most in dances, royal degree. She excelled
most
"
"

she

had

Cyprian G-amache, of showing it to

in the

musical

instruments,
of her

and

all

elegance
the

person,
so

her

all her forth her

movements

justly and
every
one

accomplishments; port sweetly majestic, and tastefully regulated, called

beheld duchess her.
of

similar

praises of

who

Above

all,

Savoy, envied the her mother la petiteprincesse. Supposing that queen she was to be brought up as a Protestant, like her brothers and her of Savoy expressed a wish aunt sisters, to take her for her and her in the bring own, religion that she up make her graces of mind thought would equal those of her

aunt, madame

Christine, the

114

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

ration

; he
on

had account

been

received
firmness in

with
to

great
hie

regard
and

by

the

people,
He 22d
as

of his the

religious principles.
died
on

fell of the the

ill with that

small-pox
"

September,
aflBrm.
son was

the

month,
papers
of her

notwithstanding
of the

repeated
The

bleedings," by
duke her letters of the of
peration exas-

public
death

day
the

queen's grief
of the

for

youngest
of

interrupted
exceed

unwelcome York with

at received

confirmation Anne this

marriage
could

Hyde.
event
:

Nothing
it
was

not

allayed by
the

the

she

from

her in
was

eldest

daughter,
at

princess
crisis
of

Orange,
whole rage queen
at

who

had

arrived
and

England
warm

the

very

of the her The of

discovery,
the
idea of

in

the her

expression
in

her
her

maid

becoming
to

sister-in-law.

expedited
asunder

journey
she
wrote him

England,
should
severe

hopes
not

rending
;
son

ties

which

resolved
a
"

be

permanent
to

she

immediately
to

very
for
a

letter such
The

her

James,
as

reproaching
wish his
to

having

low
duke

thoughts
of York her

marry

such
letter

woman." his

showed that he

mother's
not

to

beloved,
it to her
was

and

assured To way
a

would II. to

be

moved

by
"

injury.
on so

king
to

Charles

the

queen

wrote,
with
crown
"

that

she

her

England
and

prevent,
to the

her

authority,
her
lord to
'

great

stain

dishonor

;" and, among

that the
were

other
was

passionate
to and

expressions,
to

she

added,

purpose

complain
to

the

parliament
the

against
remedies
a

chancellor,
be

urge
vention preand of

that

highest
of
so

applied Meantime,
work

for

the

great
been

mischief" with
their

envy
;
a

scandal

had

busy
the

usual the

knot

profligate courtiers,
themselves with
had

stimulated

by

hopes
and

of

ingratiating
princess
on
man

queen-mother
so

the

of the
of

Orange,
character honor

invented

many the
an

atrocious of

slanders that her

no

of

the have their

wife

of

duke

York,
to

could in

retained

attachment

while

they

persisted

testimony.
'

Life

of

Clarendon,

vol.

i.

p.

384.

HENRIETTA

MARIA,
THE AND

QUEEN-CONSORT
GREAT

OF

CHARLES

FIRST,

KING

OF

BRITAIN

IRELAND.

CHAPTEE

V.

Queen
"

arrives

at with

Calais
him

"

Meets
"

the
at

duke Dover of

of
"

York

"

Bates
of

him

for

his

marriage

Embarks Her
arrival of
"

Lands
"

Fanaticism her
"

the
"

queen's

chaplain
nition recoghold houseand of her

"

at

Whitehall
as

Death
of
"

eldest

daughter
revenue

Queen's
and
"

Anne

Hyde
as

duchess
a

York

The

queen's
at

Her
"

portraits
Illness with

widow

Embarkation
"

Portsmouth

Dangers

adventures

of
"

her

daughter
returns

Arrival to to and

in

France
"

"

Marriage
at at illness
"

daughter
house
"
"

Orleans

Queen
"

England
France France
"

Kesidence
residence serious

Somerset Colombe
"

Her

declining
at of
"

health
with

Ketums

"

Her Her

Her

grief

the
her

war

England
"

Fatal

consultation wakes funeral the

physicians
in her

Queen
"

takes

the

opiate prescribed
sent
to

Never
Grand for
"

again
at

Distress
Denis
"

household funeral of
her
verses

Her
sermon

heart
"

Ghaillot

"

St.
at

Bossuet's
"

Solemn the the nuns'

commemoration

queen the

Chaillot
of

-Anecdotes
"

from
to

manuscript
of

-Grief

of

duchess

Orleans

Elegiac

memory

queen

Henrietta

Maria.

Pull

of

wrath
an

at

the

imprudence gentlewoman,
with
those her

of

her the

second

son's

marriage
arrived the

with at

English
to

queen-mother

Calais

embark
for

beautiful
from the duke

darling,
which of
at

princess
so

Henrietta,
been her banished. rage

shores
son,
so

she

had

long
whom

Her flamed

York,
Calais

against
the
same

high,
escort
a

arrived

day, October
to

ff, 1660,
for
navy
saw
on

to

her,
fleet

as

lord the

highfinest

admiral,

England,
British
Henrietta

which

purpose
under son, her

of

ships

in

the

waited
her the

his

command.

rectly Digave
vent

queen
to
a

passion
of his duke then the
was

torrent Anne

of

reproaches
The

subject
whicli

engagement

with had
at

Hyde.
done to

wrong

imagined burning
that
so
"

been his

his
he for

disinterested
to his

love

heart, and
her

replied having

royal
his

mother,
affections

He

asked

pardon

placed

low;

115

116
that he of
would
woman

HKNKIETTA

MAEIA.

had

been

punished by
he
had
see so

the

unworthines8 such evidence he

to
own
"

of
;

the
that

ject, obhe
a

which

received

never

again
had

her,

nor

could
false

as

his wife
The

who

been well

basely
satisfied
her

him."

expressed nothing now

of
as

herself

with

this

queen resolution, and

the

prevented
marine

from

enjoying
with

ceremonial

embarkation, which
a

took

place
"

the

utmost

splendor
were

grand hung, from

numerous

festival.
to top-sails

All

those

mighty
the pere

vessels

the
as

the

decks, with

the leaves

of

trees,"records

gayest flags, Gamache, who

of the masts inspiring scene ; Their that great fleet seemed to rise thickly as a forest. cannon began to discharge, one ship after another, when her commenced, and, in truth, for majesty's embarkation half an hour marvellous most a was noise, which they made from Calais But to Dover. never distinctlyheard surely calm the there at sea was seen so ocean mained reprofound a ;

is the

only

historian

of this

"

waveless

as

looking-glass ; not
and those

sail,not

even

flag stirred
on

or

waved,
of
on

the
her
we

surface

with which

majesty
had
to

less majestic ships lay motionthe water. Thus the English fleet, a board, continued day and night,
on

pass

the

sea.

The

duke

of

York

had

fortunately provided a sumptuous board, not banquet on and but for all their retinue sister, only for his mother ; and thus was that so journ great hunger appeased which long a socalm on a sea naturally provoked. This regale was of our at the expense grand admiral, the duke of York, and
when
he

remembered
it
'

that

we

had

to

fast,because, by
came

our

calendar,
and doubt

was

the

vigilof
you

All
must

Saints, he
not eat

to

us

kindly,

said,
you

I hear will

that

meat

be

inconvenienced,
made there
to
a no

for

all

my

to-day. I people are

for such
an

Huguenots, who exigence ; but I

part
James of
"
2

have believe

provision
some

of fish

is

sturgeon for the

table." member
'

queen,

of

which
duke of

I will

send
was

York

your zealous

At of

that

time,
church

the

England.
Life of of

Clarendon,
Pgre

Tol.

i. p. 387. p. 120.
In

MS.
old

Gamache,
followed

October

29th

by

new

style ; October

19th

by

style, then

England.

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

117
is

"

The

passage

f3foiiiCalais
in

to

Dover

usually made,

in

favorable
"

it

was

in two

hours," continues Gamache; pere in this singular calm, accomplished with difficulty, three o'clock in the afternoon the fleet days. About
Dover,
his
and

wind,

three

drew
to

near

his

majesty

Charles

II.

came

on

board

These illustrious personages royal mother. landed all the at vesper-time, with demonstrations of joy from the The people that it was possible to show. king had prepared a feast for his royal mother and his sister at Dover with the utmost castle, magnificence. At this supper of the royal family of Stuart member assembled were every her Henrietta beloved welcome to : daughter, the queen down sat to there, and with them princess of Orange, was duke etta, table Charles of York, the princess HenriII.,James of these and royal personages prince Eupert. Some
were

welcome

Protestants, and
say grace

others
to their

Catholics

it

was

according separate according to the chaplain began, and blessed the viands Catholic mode. Protestant a Immediately after, I made and elevated voice, Benebenediction, saying, in a solemn
to
'

faiths.

necessary The king's

dic Domine

nos

et

hcec

tua

dona

sumpturi per
my
arms,
was

Christum
made
a

Dominum

quce tua nostrum.'

the

'

largitate. Sumus Then, extending

over

great sign of

cross

the
and

table
the

which

served, the
stood

princesses and
Around

king, and my princes standing while

as

queen,
I made townsmen

all

my

tion. benedicof

spectators the

Dover,

[quakers, we being puritans, independents, and trembleurs of our enemies to the ceremonies church, presume], all sworn tonishment especiallyto the sign of the cross ; they testified great asat the liberty I took in making it thus publicly king." The whole population at the table of their Protestant
of

Dover,
to
see

it

seems, the

had

crowded supper
; and

into
as

the
the

hall

of

Dover

castle
were

royal

more chiefly dissenters, assuredly nothing this parade of ceremonies, against which than mischievous the religiousfeelingsof the great body of the English people The man was perfectly impracticable, were opposed. of martyrbeing thoroughly unworldly, and only ambitious
'

pere could

says be

they

The

Latin

thus

written

In the

MS.

118
dom. with head He

HENEIETTA

MARIA.

had,

in his
an

former

residence of

in

England, sought
knocked
at
on

great zeal
some

opportunity
house,
rites to where after

being
or

the

by chapel in
Eoman
and

roundhead

trooper
he

other

the

Somerset Catholic he returned

persisted in
rebellion

queen's performing
broken

the

the

had

England full of a similar spirit. of the At the same time, he seems perfectly unconscious the doing to the queen-mother and great injury he was the to describe latelyrestored royal family. He goes on of the people when, astonishment next morning, he and in the Henrietta his coadjutors said high mass before queen
out,

great
water to the

hall

of

Dover

castle.

King
to

Charles

brought
so

his

mother 2d. The

from river

Gravesend
from

by

Whitehall, November

Lambeth

city was
way among
to
row

make
a

sculler

thronged with boats that no person could them. Pepys, who disbursed sixpence for disappointed, royal barges, was up to the
a

and in

observes,
the

in

pet,

"

that

there

were

but

three

bonfires
that

city
did

to not

welcome

her, and
one.''

it The she

was

believed
next

her

coming
the

please any

queen's arrival
of the

at Whitehall

very held a

day after great levee, and

jnany

waited
return to

to kiss her hand cil nobilitycame ; the privy counher in a body, and on congratulated her on her The lord chancellor. Clarendon, was England.

obliged,by
at

the
;

etiquette of

his

ofiicial

situation,to

their

head

queen declared
to

cherished

notwithstanding the indignation against his daughter, and which

should
not receive

appear that the she had

in Prance did

prevent her
him less

from

even

speaking
than his

him, she
The

graciously
into the
duke
own

companions.
unfortunate
a

Anne

Hyde brought
which
the to

world,

some

days afterwards,
a

livingson,
been
and

of York
as

would,

few

weeks time

before, have
his sister

proud
friend

at had

this
so

his

his heir ; but sir Charles Berkeley

completely poisoned his mind with the doubts of his wife's fidelity, that he remained in a state of miserable unHenrietta manifested -certainty.' Although queen lively the of Anne remembrance indignation whenever Hyde oc1

Life

of

Clarendon, vol.

i.

p. 390.

HENRIETTA

MAEIA.

119

curred

to

her, yet she

must

of crime the
was

suborning
princess
of

false

edness acquitted of the great wickwitnesses against her, of which who But
still remained in

be

Orange,
clear.
as

land, Engendon Clar-

by

no

means

the

dialoguethat

the duke of York passing between and his royal mother at the embarkation, proves that these had been practised before the return of the latter, iniquities and that she was then equally a stranger to the scandals on Anne the mind Hyde, and the effect produced by them on of her The
son.

himself

records

thoughts
sorrows

of Henrietta which prove

and

soon

were

forced

back
world to

to those

heavy
all the

how

little the

is,with
a

vain has
once

distinctions been

pomps

thereof,

heart

truly given to an object loved and lost. transient The into a metropolis triumph of her entrance which she had succeeded quitted so disastrously was by the she of which abandoned to feelings deepest sorrow, herself if in a long-lasting fit of despair. She shut self heras
up
for hours

which

alone,
that

and she

when

her

ladies

craved

tance, admit-

it "The
wedded the

was

found
the

had

been

weeping

bitterly.'

sight of
life

with
the

she passed her apartments where happy Charles she I., declared, agonized her ;
scene

vicinity to
could
was

of
on

his

death

She he

not

bear

to
as

look
a

that

wrung Westminster
that

her

heart.

hall where
of their

former blood the be

was

arraigned pleasures

criminal,

nor

palace

worst

Banqueting-house, before which into the deepest melancholy, shed.' She sunk that the relief of change of place could was,
the

his
and not to
was
'

afforded
her

her,

for

there

were

neither
Somerset

ftinds

nor

time

dower-palace utterly dilapidated. Euins

restore
'

of

house,
sorrowful

which

and
A

desolation,'she said,
her

are

around beset

and her

about

me.'

thousand

thoughts
called

; she

wept, she
widow and

wrung of

hands,
la

and

self her-

the All the

desolate ladies
not

Charles,
her
'

reine

malheureuse. that her

oflBcers of

household

hoped

stay would
While
"
!

the
de

long in England." queen-mother remained

be
de

in this
Oraison

unhappy state,
de
Bossuet.

Vie Ibid.

Henrietta

France, appended
'

to the

MS.

of

PSre

Cyprian

Gamache.

120
the with
duke of

HENEIETTA

MARIA.

York,

her

favorite

son,

was

ill and

wretched,

his wife and son. yearning towards Although and who he was were sister, quite ready to defy his mother so furiously set against his marriage with the daughter of strangely perplexed by the declaration Clarendon, he was of sir Charles Berkeley, the captain of his guard, who that both the mother and child pertained to him, affirmed the one and that he was and the other. own ready to marry The Anne unfortunate protested that her hand, her heart, and her infant belonged to her princely husband, and took effect before the the most solemn oaths to this bishop of his heart

Winchester
a

and

the

duchess

of

Ormonde,
death.

while
The

she

was

in

dangerous
to

state

between
with

life and unusual

seems

have
took

acted the

king, respectabilityon
In
of

who this

occasion,
he
state

part of his distressed

to

whom sister-in-law,
this 1660 with

declared
was

he
the

believed
of
was

be

greatly wronged.
when the Christmas
in

court

England
to be

drew
all the
1
"

near,

which

celebrated

the

palace

ancient

festivities of merry
says

England.'
always
observed than
in any in

Christmas,"
at

p6re Cyprian,
with ancient of be

"

was

this

country,
realm
a

espeoially Europe." Among

one, in

the

king's palaces,
other

greater pomp
now

other

in

ceremonies

forgotten, he
and

mentions

pretty
on

which

branch
to

the

G-lastonbury thorn, which

up
in

usually morning.
thorn that

flowers in

Christmas-eve,
pomp
to

used

brought
of

procession,
on

presented
was

great
Ga-

the

king

and

queen
this

England

Christmas this

PSre

mache,
venerated of

in

mentioning ceremony, says by the English, because, in their brought

in it

blossoming they
of
our

much

traditions thorn
out

say

St.

Joseph
and

Arimathea

planting
flowers
to

the

Glastonbury a earth, it bourgeoned

to
on

Lord's
and

crown,

and

blossomed,
mass, year chalice rear."
"

yearly produced

decorate
"

the altar That Saw

Christmas-eve
in all the

only night
the
stoled very

priestthe
much
the
:
"

"

Wordaworth. of Charles

The

p6re
it
was

seems

to

enjoy

following anecdote
"Well !" said

I.,

thongh
his

against the
one

Roman

Catholics
take

the

king,
of

ing extend-

hand,
"this

Christmas-day, to
miracle,
miracle
is it?"
"

the
your

flowering branch
and

thorn,

is
a

"Yes,
to

Glastonbury majesty," repliedthe officer who

regarded with
great
this the
on tion venera-

presented it, "

itself

peculiar
"

England,
so

by the Catholics
opposes
to the

here."" pope
?"

How

?"

said

the

king,

"when
in

miracle

(Every
bring
of

one
me

looked this
the

astonished

royal circle,
Christmaswe
"

papist and
celebrate

protestant.)
the

"You

miraculous
old ?"

branch

day, old style. Does replied the

it always
its time

observe

style, by which
asked said

English Always,"
"the pope

Nativity, in
of

flowering "Then,"

the

king.

venerators

the

miracle.

king Charles,

122

HENRIETTA

MA.EIA.

abbey,
of her Grief
on
a

where beloved
and

she

was

laid

in

the

Stuart

vault, by the
the duke of

side

brother

Gloucester. had thrown York

disappointment

to him, and Berkeley came said falsethat all he had avowed against Anne Hyde was that he had been prompted to it by the belief witness, and be the utter ruin of his royal highness if he that it would married a private gentlewoman, and, withal, he thought it

sick-bed, when
"

sir Charles

would but
as

be better he
found

for her
that

to

have

husband
was

of her
so

own

rank

his dear
to

master

heart-wounded
and ask

by the slander, he pardon." That the

to

came

confess

the

truth

his

death-bed
can

confession
no

this

avowal
of it

there the

be

heard

it before
was

duke

of

princess led doubt ; probably Berkeley his guilt owned York, and
of the

The duke of York proved to his confusion. felt his heart its heavy load by this from suddenly relieved had been acknowledgment ; he forgave the culprit,who

before

heretofore

his wrote

dearest to his had

friend

and

comrade
"

in

arms,

and

mediately im-

injured wife
her
of his

to

keep
fame that

up

her
; and

spirits,
above
come

for all and

Providence

cleared
care

aspersed
It

things to
see

have

them had

both formed
and

very
a

boy, and shortly."'

for her

he is

should

Berkeley
his

passion
to

Anne
on

probable that Hyde as well as

terms. to each

master,
and

wished of
the

gain

any

The

duke

duchess
under
a

York, though
malediction
which outset in
was

reconciled interdict in

other,

remained

and

of their

royal
of

mother,
York

circumstance
for
an

those

days
The

considered duke

inauspicious
was

married queen

life. Henrietta wife

as

very and
was

desirous receive short

that

should her

give for-

them,
The time in

his much-tried queen

was

daughter.
for France

; the

departing

was January, and her demeanor as ing leadyet so implacable, that when king Charles gave some hints on the propriety of doing justiceto the daughter of Clarendon, her majesty affirmed, in her passion, If that enters Whitehall woman door, I shall leave it by by one
"

early

the

month

of

another."
of

She
had

was

furious his
Life of

when
and

she

heard

that

the
would

duke
not

York

visited
'

wife

infant; she
vol.

Clarendon,

i.

HENEIETTA

MAEIA.

123
he
came

speak
the take
reason

to

him

or

see

him
not

willingly. "When
him him.' There is
no

with
to

king, she
the for the

dared

refuse of

entrance, but

forbore

who

satisfactory queen's sudden change given by Clarendon, best knew all the that actuated the proceedmotives ings of the court this that abbe mentions He at juncture.
and the earl of

least

notice

Montague
after to

St. Alban's

waited the
on

on was

him

one

that him other, and assured his daughter, forgive and receive

the

queen
account

ready
a sage mes-

of

she who

had

received
to remain

to
on
"

that

effect

from

cardinal with

Mazarine,
Tet,
as

wished

friendlyterms

him.

from what he could not comprehend truly says, had fountain the good-will of the cardinal proceeded, who An man,' before been never English noblepropitious to him." is a considerable who authority in the history of that of York with Anne The marriage of the duke era, says, that of her turned Henrietta to further Hyde was by queen told her The the of Orleans. duke daughter with queen
"

Clarendon

son

'

that

he

must

consent

that

his
not

sister
suffer

should her
to

become live at of
of

duchess his
court

of

Orleans, for she

to be

could

insulted
duchess

course, the

that

the

by Hyde's daughter,'meaning, take would of York precedence

Yet
from it is evident that
remorse

princess Henrietta."
sprang
of

the

whole
of the and

reconciliation

the

death-bed

princess
purpose
and of The
was was

Orange, for the queen's change of the day of suddenly took place between
burial.
the

mind

her

death

her

queen's recognition of
observed
but the two

daughter of Clarendon on JSTew-year'sday as a public festival. It days after the burial of the princess of Orange,
for her
duchess'' in
was

and York

mourning brought his

general, when
from
her to

the

duke

of

father's

residence,
the

Worcester

house, Strand,

state

Whitehall, where

dine the to together in public. "As royal family were knelt to her ; of York passed to dinner, the duchess queen her majesty raised her, kissed her, and placed her at table." *
1 * '

Life
Lord

of

Clarendon, toI. i. p. 138. to Burnet, Notes Dartmouth's

vol.
*

i. p. 291. MS.
of

Pepys's Diary, vol. i. p. 165.

PSre

Cyprian

Cramache.

124
Such
scene.

HENEIETTA

MAEIA.

is the He that

brief is far

notice
more

that intent

father
on

Cyprian takes describing an odd

relative the learn in
to
on

of

this

ture advenhis
own

took

place

at

the

same

time

small duchess
the

ceremonials,
of

than

dwelling
we

feelings of
from
him

the
that

York.

Nevertheless,

royal family of Stuart be supposed in the same before family of France New-year's festival there
his
mother and

usually
manner

dined

public,it
to the 1790. At

may

customary
revolution of table
to

royal
the

the sat

down

with
of

the

king,

his sister

Henrietta, the duke

and

York, the

newly-forgiven duchess, prince Eupert

sons

prince Edward,
Henrietta
never

to

the

chaplain, father Cyprian, his the said Latin a king, of course, ordered grace ; and chaplain to say grace according to the form of the church of them which There of England. was a regular contest father On this occasion," observes should begin first. I and the that both vast so were Cyprian, the crowds were struggling with the press church-of-Bngland minister the of people who to see came royal family dine, so that fell down and could reach the royal table ; the minister not and the king had but I gained it and said the grace, begun his dinner time before the minister could some approach. he did so, all the lords and hind "When gentlemen who stood bethe royal chair set up a loud laugh, and shouted that the king's chaplain and the queen's priest had run to a race floored and the [terrasse] say grace, but the chaplain was is a specimen This of the disorderly priest had won." ' of the English courtiers manners just after the Restoration.
would
eat
" " '

of Bohemia. queen her her dinner without

Queen

In

the

afternoon,
her

queen

Henrietta
at

gave

an

audience

of
of

farewell, in
her
duke
court

bedchamber
to

"Whitehall, to the ladies

to

previously
York
"

of

led

in

his

departure for France. duchess, and presented her

"

her

The his the

mother,
same

who,"
as

says

Clarendon,
had

received

her

with

grace

if she

beginning,
Thus

the with
of

very who queen,

scorn

and

in-law
I

and

approved the marriage from the sit down her kindly made by her." " had so latelypursued her daughtermalediction, in a few days associated
'

MS.

PSie

Cyprian

Gamaohe.

Life

of

Clarendon,

vol.

i. p. 402.

HENEIETTA

MAEIA.

125
When lord
as

her

with

the

reception
queen

of
rose

her

court.

don Clarenhe had

entered, the

from

her

chair, and

kept proudly
off
was

aloof

from

her his

her

interdict

from
too her

majesty since she had daughter's marriage, the

so

taken
scene

to likely at
a

and

sign

prove from
to

interestingfor
majesty
had

all her
with
a

witnesses, many The ladies retired.

serene

queen

then

said
"

Clarendon
if she

and

pleasant
her
it to

countenance,
which
he

that
had

taken had

spoken anything in he ought to impute ill,

received," for
"

sion pasthe

great provocation she

had
and

she duke

owned
of

she

deeply certainly had

; but
as

been

offended

with

her

son

the

York,
riage mar-

had
had been
as

no

inclination informed

to

consent the

to

his

she
not
was

been

by
him with

alliance and of that

had he

contrived

by
her

much

offended

king that this [the chancellor], it as was worthy

was

him

; and and

as

his he

to fidelity

late
her
son

husband
not
"

eminent,
much

that

had

served

only

very with as

as

my
I
a

fore," but with and, therefidelity, extraordinary success, pursued queen Henrietta, do I receive your daughter daughter, and will heartilyforgive the duke and her ;
"

and

am

resolved towards

ever

after them.

to

live I

with
am

all

the
to

affection
make
a

of

mother

And

resolved

friendship with you myself, and I shall expect from you all Lord kindness will deserve." the good of"ces which my and Clarendon clemency replied by praising the mercy needful from of her majesty in departing so soon severity, which crime and in pardoning was a unpardonable," and honor have assured her, that she would forgotten her own
" "

and

station
he

if she

had

been

less offended
on

that,

as

for

self, him-

should

always depend
and

her

protection as
to lord him

his most
her
mands." coma

gracious mistress,
The

would
then

pay
into

all obedience

queen

put

Clarendon's
some

hand which

paper,

in which

she

pointed out
and the

to

things
on, and for
an

concerned

her them

service
; and outer

interest,and

requested

him

to

despatch
ladies lord her

evening drawing
all anxious his
are

many
ence audi-

the filling

apartments,
took Such leave the
vol. i.

Clarendon

majesty'shand.'
"

by kneeling and kissing particularsof one of the

pp.

Life

of

Clarendon,

402, 403.

126
most

HENRIETTA

MAEIA.

extraordinary marriages
from which afterwards
and

that

ever

took

land, place in Eng-

sprung
"

two

Great

Britain

Ireland,
aeveral

queen

queens-regnant of Mary II. and queen

The of
a

Anne, grand-daughters to Henrietta

duchess
of two

Maria.
but out

duke
numerous

and

York

had

sons,

II. maturity. Charles ceive for suffering this marriage to rehas been greatly blamed The could the king do ? his royal sanction, but what church and people of England still held the marriage vow

family

daughters only

reached

in the

deepest
queen this

reverence

as

irrevocable.'
her

The
to
now

had

hastened

arrival
she

in

England
secured
her
own

in

order
and

break she

marriage,
tarried
of the till

which

finally sanctioned,
had and

only

parliament

the

riage-portion mar-

which

was

princess Henrietta finallyaccomplished in the

Most
of her

dower,
of uary, Janshared

beginning
had been

1660-61. among
the

dower-lands

Pride, regicides. Okey, "Walton, Scroop, ISTorton, Edwards, Tichbourne, Lambert,

for

Whaley,
had in not

and
and of

Blackwell
were

done

their

bloody
of

work

patriotic possession
In

nought, large portions

was

found

dower. wrest
1

other

instances, it
those

considered

queen's impossible to

the

possession from
venerable
without of
a

who

held

the
the

dower-lands, and
sanctity
of York of the of

The

law any

of

England
of

acknowledged
; and that
j and

the

vow

of

wedlock
the

respect
the
in

persons
to

when
of the

parliament
duke

illegitimatized
with
Anne

children
a

similar
was

marriage
consequence

Hyde,
of did

revolution
IV. VIII. very whom
or

the

legitimacy
battle enslaved had of had

daughters
Nor
stances In-

Edward

was,

fact, decided
on

by the English
that

bloody

Bosworth.
his

Henry
were

venture
rare

his

bigamies
an

till he

people.
to
vow

in

which had
as

parliament
;
a

ventured

put
an

asunder

those

God
waa

joined together
sacred
as

and

the

marriage
If
a

of
ried mar-

English prince against

remained
to

peer

of

peasant.
himself As

prince
duke could the of

the

leave and
to

of

his

sovereign, he
but had
a

rendered
to

obnoxious the

to personal York do
was

restraint

punishment,
the wife

not

divorce.
all

constant and

he

chosen,
not

that

the

king
between

imprison

torment

him

; but

friendship
be

subsisted

royal
to

brethren. the Owen

Besides,
and

the

marriage
IV.
maintained
to

could
the

broken
of

without
Katherine

degradation
of of of

royal pedigree, by invalidating Tudor,

and these

marriages
Elizabeth
all
was

Valois which

with

Edward
had

with

WoodviUe,

both
acts

the

church
All

people

against
there
his

opposing
between
as

parliament.
over, Moreand

reasons,

added

the

affection

the

royal brothers,
of York.

caused

Charles
at that

II. to time

acknowledge
II. had

sister-in-law

duchess

Charles

grace of

enough
Clarendon.

left to feel

veneration

gratitude to

her

father, the

loyal

earl

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

127

in all the

OOOZ.
more

and injured. Therefore greatly wasted parliament granted her majesty, in compensation, 30,and the king added a per annum, pension of 30,000Z. from the As it was exchequer. contrary to the

property

was

ancient
an

customs

of

the

country for

queen-dowager

to be

in absentee, being expected to spend her dower-income the country, her majesty promised to return and live in England after she had superintended the marriage of the of Orleans. She gave orders to the duke princess Henrietta and plans for the repairs of her dower-palaces of Somerset

house

and

Greenwich. after

She

likewise

settled

her

court

and

household
and steward

created
resumed of

earl
the
not

this

following plan. Her lord chamberlain of her revenue was Henry lord Jermyn, lately of St. Alban's. The gossips of the court now ' to him : secretlymarried story that she was be obtained. The can a particle of evidence

the

is not a very only proof offered in support of this assertion the to matrimony complimentary one queen ; it is, that the alarmed when he entered often looked pale,and seemed telligenc Sir John where she was.' room Eeresby gathered this inhis cousins, the nuns, from who, not being very in matrimonial conversant affairs, supposed, perhaps, that of a lady's lord effect of the such the usual was presence that lord Jermyn had, shown been and it has But master.

from

very

early period
at

of

her of

been life, her

the
and

queen's
was, had

dential confi-

servant

the

head

court,

by

his

office,obliged
How have of direful related.
her

to

communicate

whatsoever sometimes

befallen. pages how fiill

times some-

his It

tidings
is
no career

had

been,
her

these

marvel, then, considering

had

disasters

been, that
In

poor

cheek

blanched her
sums; had
cause

at his

entrance.
:

his

hands, likewise, all

to him

funds he

were

placed
the

she

was

still indebted of her

to

large
she

had

management
of mind when

expenditure, and

suffered

in regard sufficiently,

uneasiness

she

pecuniary distress,to apprehended that he

the noble
some

We

have

been

favored

by
the

eommunioation
lord

from

family
of his

who

are

the but
"

collateral
not
one

of representatives

Jermyn.

They
to this

possess

letters,

which

gives

least

countenance

report.

Sir John

Reresby's Memoirs.

128
entered
Lord the her

HENKIETTA

MARIA.

presence

to
new

discuss

harassing
and M..
revenue.

money

matters.

Jermyn,

by
was

his

title of St. her court

Alban's, still continued

Her vice-

prime-minister of
a

chamberlain
was

Frenchman,

Vautelet, whose

salary
cellor chan-

200Z.
; he

The
was

celebrated
a

sir Kenelm

Digby
The
count Her her

was

her

Eoman

Catholic, but much

belief of horse
was

in

spiritsand
Arundel
a

astrology.
of

tastical given to a fanqueen's master

lord

Wardour,

of the

Eoman
was

empire,
John

likewise

Eoman

Catholic.
was

secretary

sir

private secretary, correspondence.' From employed in the deciphering Cowley's complaining letters,it is generally supposed that he had been ungratefully neglected by the cruelly and him lands for Such not the was case ; she granted queen. she obtained as soon as life, possession of any part of her
Winter
; the

poet Cowley

of her

dower-domains.

She
but he died

gave
not

him

that

which
the

would

have

riched en-

him,
The Bond. She

long after

Eestoration.
was

comptroller of
had four

the

queen's

household

sir Thomas of

gentlemen

ushers,

or

ushers

the

diet ; four each, and privy-chamber, at 130/. per annum of the privy-chamber, each diet ; at 601. salary,and grooms four pages and of her great presence-chamber. eight grooms She had and two two cup-bearers,two gentlemen carvers, ushers of the 1201. each had great presence-chamber; bouche of the court" table.' at the The same salary, and chief bedchamber the was lady of Henrietta's dowager"

duchess

of of

Eichm^ond,
the of the

beautiful
favorite and

daughter
and sister

mighty
dissolute

young of James

widow,
and duke

the

eldest

Charles
of

I.,
; in

witty
to the

Villiers
church

ingham. Buck-

This
conversation

lady belonged she agreed with

had the
most of vexation

of

England

points
but,
to
to

that the

he

great
her

Cj'prian on so many livelyhopes of her conversion, his spirit, it impossihe found ble

father

Catholic creed. profession of the Eoman the next Lady Newport was lady of the bedchamber ; there four ladies of the privy-chamber, each were having a salary of 1501. per annum were : there eight bedchamber women. the queen's laundress was Lady Saunderson ; this lady was
1

induce

Memoirs

of

Henrietta

Maria, 1671, p. 62.

'

Ibid.

130

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

preparing to depart for England at the Restoration, the duchess Eichelieu, presented d'Aiguilon,niece of cardinal the altar-plate left her by that minister Henrietta. to queen It was and used at rich, brilliant, magnificent,and was very the Roman Catholic house.^ chapel in Somerset The had a didly guard of gentlemen-at-arms, very splenqueen
was

dressed,
cassocks

all

men

of

embroidered

family. They with gold, and

wore

black
a

velvet
broidered em-

with

gold

in lines badge ; they carried halberts, and waited when her majesty went sedan into her to her chapel, or or when she in a When she went out passed to her meals. carbine a coach, they rode, gallantly mounted, each with was slung to his waist, on both sides of the carriage,which usually drawn by six horses ; these guards always wore their on hats, whether they were duty in the palace or without their earl of St. Alban's doors. The was captain.^ The of the queen sir Edward chief equerry was Wingfield, who his care four-andgoverned the stable,and had under There in the queen's twenty horses and four coaches. were, eries, establishment, twelve footmen, twelve bargemen in her liv-

four her
master

pages

of

the

back

stairs,and

several

ofiScers

of
a

pantry, ewry,
of the buck
and

cellar, and -hounds,

of her
a

buttery.
master

She
the

appointed
bows,
Such
was

of

of

the
the
turies. cen-

queen's games,
establishment

of

queen

chapel of music' -dowager within

of
had

the

last

two

Although the household magnificently arranged, she

of dress. She
never

queen

Henrietta

was

thus

left

off the

long given up all splendor sable garb she wore for

her king Charles, and pictures represent her in widow's weeds. The to plainness of her attire,after she returned England, is noted by that quaint oddity, Pepys, in terms of disparagement and he describes a disappointment, when visit to Whitehall the royal family. Mr. Fox to gaze on in presently, and did and I to take wife the came my wife he queen's presence-chamber, where placed got my behind the queen's chair, and in the two princesses came
"

1
2

MS.
Life

of of

Pgre

Cyprian

Gamaohe. 1671.
"

Henrietta

Maria.

Ibid.

HENEIETTA

MARIA.

131
'"

to and

dinner.

The
more

queen
in

is her

very

little, plain
or

old

woman,
dinary oronce

nothing

presence

garb
the
after

than

in any

woman.''

Several of Henri which

one

portraits are
Quatre,
she
wore

extant

of

the

lovely daughter
with the widow's There which husband.

in

plain

black

dress of her
in

veil is

the death d'Eu

painting
iron

at

chateau
her

this

mourning,
faded.
were

represents her
the the rule of

with of

Even

under

beauty scarcely Cromwell, engravings

of
veil
one

published
is its

these
with

in her weeds. One royal widow a good likeness, representing her in the black triangular frontlet,a straight white cape, but in
a

jewel, formed
of
a

cross,

and

black

dress

; it is the
"

tispiece fron-

The cookery-book, a great curiosity,called Much on Queen's Closet broke Open." praise is bestowed the widowed and ery, cookqueen's virtues and skill ui medicine which more were likely to interest in her favor the middle her courclasses of England than commendations on age and magnanimity, especiallyas on the title-pageit is that of the recipes had aflSrmed been honored some by her majesty's own personal practice in her leisure hours : when of her these occurred, the author, who pretends to be one Several household, does not say. possets and plague-waters and in the work sanctioned are by the queen's name, many her favorite and barbarous quoted as compounds strange dishes.

Queen
should

Henrietta,

in

mortal

terror

lest

destroy the life or beauty of her that daughter, hurried darling of her heart Court, as soon metropolis to Hampton
with the
duke and duchess

small-pox only remaining

from
as

the

the

fected in-

her

ciliation recon-

of

York
on

was

effected.

She

waited
a a

there

till parliament had

of
an

settled

the

princess
attended

Henrietta with his

1

marriage-portion gift of 20,000L as

and sister to

40,000 jacobuses, accompanied

outfit.

The

king
where
means

royal
He

mother

Portsmouth,
'

they
below up
near
me

em-

Pepys's Journal,
adds,
and her
three than make
or
"

vol. i. p. 160.

By the word
is very with
to her
me.

he plain,'

ing. unpretendmy to her

The
her
seem

princess
dressing
so

Henrietta herself the on,

pretty, but
hair

much

expectation ;
ears

frizzed wife
did

short

did two

much

less and

My

standing
seem

her,
much

with

black she."

patches

well

dressed,

to

handsomer

132
barked
1660-61.' in

HENRIETTA

MAEIA.

first-rate
A

man-of-war,
as

the

'

London,' January
attended the the

9,

train

of disasters

usual

voyage. day, when attributed

Her
the to

ship sailed from princess Henrietta

sea-sickness
with
; but

Portsmouth became
the next of

queen's following
was

very

which ill,
a

day
the

violent

tion erup-

appeared,
the her
worse

all the

symptoms
how

small-pox, and
had

recalled, in agony, queen children with the same

every

latelyshe The malady.

queen

lost two

of

moment,
Her

and

the

insisted

princess grew on returning

to
were

Portsmouth.

regarding her child's illness varied ing, soon by apprehension of losing her by drownfor the pilot, the earl of Sandwich who commanded or
terrors

the

'

London,'
where the

ran

the

vessel

on

the
The

Horse-sand queen
turn

near

mouth, Ports-

she

grounded.
she The
saw

positivelyrefused
the
soon

to

leave

ship till
take.

what

illness of
after
was

her

daughter
that the

would

physicians

declared not

princess might land, for her illness small-pox,but a bad attack of measles ; during
queen
was

the

her

the

remained
in the

with

her

at

Portsmouth.''

recovery Pere prian Cy-

queen's suite,and
all

ought
upon of

to

have the
a

given
whole

the soul
at

best
and

account intellect

of

these father
in
'

adventures, but
was

of the
; it

intent eyes,

conversion consequence

Portsmouth
than the

seemed,
of the

his

more

safety
had

pupil,the admiral,
He
the

the

almost
at to

majesty, his royal self. and passengers, crew including himof persuaded the clergyman of one
London,'
to wife

her

churches

Portsmouth forsake would

his

declare
and

himself

Eoman
him

Catholic, and
"that

the

faith,a
for

queen handsome
mad

allow

family, assuring him, as a proselyte to

could such she be
more

her

pension." '
than

Nothing
to do at

chievously mis-

for her of It
or

any

it to to

be do the

talked
so.

hinted
an

that which

thing, or even was likely or

illustrates
the

willing
causes

is

instance

of

England.
the
queen
"
'

in Henrietta unpopularity of queen However, the proselyte altered his mind, and not notorious was so a tempted to commit wrong extreme
vol.

Pepys's Diary,
Ibid. M8.
of

i. p. IVO.
de

Mademoiselle P6re

Motteville.

MS.

of

P6re

Gtamaohe.

"

Cyprian Gamaohe,

p. 124.

HENRIETTA

MABIA.

133
of the the church of

as

to

pension
out

renegade
dower forced re-embark the
26th

clergyman
received
at to abide

land Eng-

of

the
was

she

from

country.

The before

queen

Portsmouth

she

could
was

princess. It they finished

at Havre.

their
was

It

voyage the intention

sent

danger of of January before happily, and very

of the

without

fortnight, injuring the they sailed ;

a

soon

arrived

queen their
a

to pass

through
"

Eouen the

; but

the governor
was

word,

on

approach,
that queen

that

small-pox
died to

raging
that
that

there

like

pest, and
first the this
sent

many
was

persons

of

disease the

daily."

At

disposed
spare

think the
on

himself
;

trouble

governor and expense found

the queen road

message

to

guests
was

but,

inquiry, she
had
saved The
on

which
so

probably
to

entertaining royal was a ing, salutary warnlife of the daughter who

it therefore
took her
route

of

precious
of

her. and

towards

Pontoise,

the

the

duke

of

Longueville,

of a squadron her at the head met Normandy, of horse, composed of the flower of the Norman nobility. He of his, at some tance disescorted her majesty to a chateau from the infected tained city of Eouen, and there he enterher most splendidly. The times were changed since his party of the Fronde had this prince and rietta besieged Henin the Louvre, and caused her and the very princess who accompanied her to suffer cold and hunger. Queen de Longueville, Henrietta held a grand court at the chateau

governor

'

where

many
to

of

the

Norman The

nobles
of

and Eouen

their

ladies
an

were dience, au-

presented
and

her.

president
very

craved
"

made

her
"

eloquent harangue,

to

which,"

says

pere

Gamache,
and made

attention; mind, she

course

majesty listened with the utmost of having a ready wit and great presence in the him a prompt and judicious answer,
her

of

which between

she

recommended
the civU

to

his
and

attention

some

differences

authorities
if such
was

the

Capuchins
of her

province." Of course, majesty's discourse, it would of of an angel to the mind

of his be

the

theme

appear father
of

to possess

the

eloquence

owned, that the power promptly to an address, is one

1

of

ever, Cyprian. It will,howand answering gracefully the most valuable qualifip. 126.

MS.

of PSre

Cyprian Gramaohe,

134
cations

HENEIETTA

MAEIA.

Eouen
to

her

can royal personage possess. having promised her majesty his proteges the Capuchins, she was a

The

president
to

of

favorable conducted

attention
her the her

coach

with
of
a

great
the

state

the

duke of

of

and Longueville, rode

cavaliers

haute

noblesse
on

Normandy,
to Pontoise. her

by
Here

carriage
had

day's journey
to

the

way

she

consented

accept

the of

hospitalityof
Pontoise. at the

lord

almoner

Montague,
The

who
was

was

abbot

grandeur with which her her she neither nor almoner : performed his hospitalities admire his plate,his pictures,his retinue could sufficiently jewels, his hangings, and the fine banquet spread for them. her and Henrietta it soon But ter daughappeared that queen the not were only royal guests expected; a mighty flourish of trumpets, kettle-drums, and heard, cymbals was
queen astonished
and with to and
soon

after duke

Louis
of

XIV.

and

his

queen,

Marie

Therese,
and The
came
"

the

Orleans, alighted at the

Henrietta
remained and the

welcome
queen

queen

abbey, princess.'
alone adds

king
her

of France
queen
as

conversing
till the
saw

with pere

majesty
;
"

the
and in

of

England
he and

evening,"
of
our

prian Cy-

to

monsieur,

duke

Orleans, he deemed
considered his

himself
whom

he

paradise when tenderly loved,

He her had

princess Henrietta,'
he from
as

whom
much He had

future

spouse.

suifered

grief and
troubled the

during
insomnolences,

absence.

been

apprehension with

agitations of
her his the
not

the
in

heart, and
It

greatest
seem, not

anguish
whether

when
to test that

life

was

danger."
for
some

would
reason

or affection,

other
had

explained,
suspense, her
as

unfortunate informed

lover
that

been

kept
demeanor
"

in

and

was

his

princess accompanied
his indeed.
on

mother.
were

Father very

if he at

stood

first with
as

Cyprian describes desperately enamoured his eyes intently fixed

knew
not to

He

the that

princess
he
saw

Henrietta, her,
he after and recovered

if he

how

to from

believe
his

expected

her

vanish

the

himself, kissed some time, he begged to particularsof her voyage,

I

sight. At last her, and spoke to her ; and, from her learn own lips all
and

he

listened
'

with
Ibid.

great

MS.

of

PSre

Cyprian Gamaohe,

p. 125.

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

135
adventures."
are
'

pleasure
we

and say

rapt attention
that
we are

to

all her
no

And

must

(and

so,

doubt,

all

our

ers) read-

with excessively angry journalize these adventures of

unsettlingthe
The queen the

creed

of
the

received

authorize

marriage

of

Cyprian that he did not of his royal patronesses, instead the Portsmouth clergyman. pope's hreve of dispensation to her daughter and her nephew,

father

the end of Lent. The in deaths recent Orleans, towards the royal family made her desire that the nuptials should be quietly performed at the private chapel in the PalaisEoyal. The marriage took place, March 31, 1661, with as

little pomp

as

was

consistent

with at and the

the

presence

of the these The

on

trious illuswere

Louis Conde

assisted guests who XIV., his consort,

was

ceremony; royal mother.

great
sion. occa-

likewise her

queen

Henrietta's she found

guest
that the insisted first
to

this

To
a

few
bride to

deep sorrow days after

to

duke
on

of

leans, Or-

his

marriage,
residence,
"

ing withdraw-

his and

his

own

the

Tuileries,

cording only just,and acfather to the law of God," observes theless, Cyprian ; neverthe separation which this royal mother tore asunder with the and attended more anguish than daughter was The seemed occasion to warrant. ner, princess had, in a mansity been bosom, and the adverbrought up in her mother's them pressibly inextogether had made they had encountered
"

then

Fontainebleau.

This

was

dear
at

to

each

other. than

But
arose

there

was

more

anxiety
mere

the

heart When

of

the

mother

from
with

the

ing." parttired re-

her
summer

daughter departed
at chateau from of Paris.

the

royal family
Henrietta
on

to

pass to

the her

Fontainebleau,

queen

favorite
few

Colombe,
Madame which

situated
de queen

the

river

Seine, a

miles

Motteville Henrietta

of the grief with gives the reason Without parted from her daughter.
"

of

the young evil, of

duchess

of Orleans
the
court

vortex

that dissipation
seen

doing or even thinking plunged giddily into the of Louis XIV. presented ;
mask,
at
some

she
at

was

as

the

leader
and

of

every

every

ball,

every

hunting-party,
which
^

promenades,

gave
of Pfire

especially at great displeasureto

Cyprian Cramache,
p. 126.

nightly
queens

the two

MS.

136
of

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

France.

In
were

little

time

both

her

health

and

her

spectabilit re-

somewhat of
had

career.

The

duke

whom
the
care

the of

mischief her

injured by this thoughtless Orleans, her adoring husband, in originated by withdrawing her from
before
now

mother
course,
'"

she

was

of age

to understand uneasiness

how
at

to

guide
conduct."

her

manifested at these

great
to

her

Alarmed

sinister

reports, queen

Henrietta
over a

her letter

begged madame daughter, and on

that
was

de
this

Motteville
matter

keep

watch
"

that queen

lady says,
of

By
her

received

from
to

the

England,
at
was

uneasiness

perceptible as
the
of madame

what

bleau,
at
care

and

that

queen-mother
that which
mind. to

passed [of Prance]

I

Fontainefied dissatistaken
me

the
all

conduct the

d'Orleans. this
are

have
did

of

letters
to me,

great queen
all marked

the

honor

to write and

with

the it is

ness goodtrue,
French

was

so

beauty of her long habituated

was
a

Queen
her

Henrietta,
that

speak English,

her and

diction
sense
are

little

vitiated,but

kindness

good

always intelligible."
Henrietta in

QtTEEN
"

Mabia

to

Madame
*

de

Mottetille.^ of

I believe

that,

your That

soul, you
is not

say, the

As

to this M. of de

queen

England,
^

she
tell

has
you

wholly forgotten
how
have have often
to

me.'

case.

Montague
But
as

will

and

affectionately I have
idleness you
; at

thought time,
I I had

you.

to

your wrong two

letters,I
not
to

avow

the

same

acknowledge
at

that

waa

expressed to
have direct from and

the ask

satisfaction the

the

receiptof your
seen
are

last,and
ladies who
near

if you
came

leisure,I
that

continuation, having
who
tell
me

yesterday always
of I feared

Fontainehleau,
it is not letters of
news

that
access

you

engaged
as

the from
"

queen,
not If

possibleto
by them,
where
remember and

have
as

to you.

much

receiving
have

any

by the
are,

matter is

which

they hint.
silence here
you
tinue. con-

you is

plenty

you one's
can

there

complete
I
that who
to
am

silence reckon

certainly proper the number, yourself among

to

friends be self

in.

persuaded
will thus
is

assured of is

you

You

have

with

you

another
so

little

mine,*

strongly
to

your

friend, I

assure

you.

Continue

to

both

j that

enough

say

you

from

"Heneibtte

Makie."

[This

was

"written

from of the

Colombe^ apparently
summer, sent

early in June, 1661.]

Before
of

the

end

however, the queen-mother

for the
'

Prance,
' '
*

Anne
de

of

Austria,
vol. vi.

abbe
Ibid.

Montague,
pp.

Madame
The

Motteville,

queen's grand-almoner,
daughter, the young

p. 62. the abb6

of

63, 64.

lord

Walter

Montague.

Her

duchess

Orleans.

138
her abode
in the She

HENRIETTA

MAEIA.

old
was

palace
the last

of

Greenwich,'

then
it

greatly
ever ceived. re-

dilapidated.
The

royal occupant

from Greenwich, to king sent for his mother took place when join in the grand water-procession which from the Thames in her barge down his bride came ton Hamphall. Court to take possession of her state-palaceof Whiteof Braganza Catharine a was daughter-in-law whose Henrietta only too well, consequently religionsuited queen she other had she lived in

peace

with

her.

The

duchess

of

York,

her

treated by her with amity ; she daughter-in-law,was his loss of Cambridge, but lost her grandson the duke found daughter, replaced by the birth of a very lovely grandelective queen-regnant of Great Mary, afterwards

Britain. In the
course

of
her

the

summer

queen

Henrietta to which

took

possession
had this
his made

of

very

palace of Somerset splendid additions

her former feet to of

house,
and

she On

restorations.

circumstance adulation to

poet, Waller, again brought

the queen
; his
verses are on

the

her torical his-

palace,though

inferior

his earlier

poems,

full of

allusions.
"

Great

queen,

who

does
with realm in

our

island

bless

With Peace Tour But

As

princes and
from this
were

palaces,
and you
storm
were

gone,

bowers
true to
are

the

o'erthrown.

England
to their rude hands

in your wonted

love,
grove, nests
are

birds

Though
There

by
the

their

spoiled,

next
some

spring again they build, malignant

for that fatal

Accusing
Not

star,
war.''

Britain,

Her

majesty's
The

chamber

and

closet

at

Somerset of
the

house furniture

were

considered

remarkable

for the
stone

beauty
; the

and

pictures.
on

great
of
the

staircase

led down echo

on

into the
this

garden
a

the

bank sang
them

Thames made

stair,if
then echo

voice

three
all

notes,
to the the

many
:

repetitions, and
'

sounded
was

together

in concert

this

melodious
with

well

adapted
queen
made

frequent
Somerset

concerts

which

this

musical
1

house
i

palace

resound.

Pepys,

vol. i. p. 290.

Ibid., p. 243.

HBNKIETTA

MAEIA.

139
she had
with it

Henrietta ornamented

had

there

beautiful
; and
manner
a

gallery, which
when of
one

in the the

finest taste of him her for

Evelyn mentions,
she of
crossed

admiration,
to meet and

grace

thank

copy
A

his

works that

which the which

with

he queen, had her

had

presented
her

to her.

tradition

is extant

inheriting
caused
own

the

practical taste
Marie
de

for

architecture
to

mother the

Medicis

design
made

hand

Luxembourg
buildings she
once

palace, had
added to

originaldrawings
house. When Henrietta her

of all the

Somerset

receiptswere her kept within

income

regularly established,queen ; she paid all her accounts

"

She had, as her contemporary weekly ; she had no debts. biographer quaintly expresses it, a large reputation for justice." Every quarter she dispersed the overplus of her the revenue bountifully bestowing, without among poor, consideration of difference of faith,her favorite charity, for small confined for non-payor releasing debtors sums, ment of fees ; likewise were sending relief to those who enduring great hardships in prison ; and prisons, in that noxious dirt and pestilence. But with the health era, were of the began visiblyto give way while in England ; queen the fogs of London had always affected her chest, yet she
"

confined

her

residence

had a religious establishment. h ad for her been lated desoecclesiastics, chapel and residence Father by the republicans,perhaps on that account. her in the spring of 1664 : ' God Cyprian thus mentions cate had spirita body very frail and deligiven to her generous she had scenes passed through in life had ; the dreadful
"
"

chiefly to London, on account where she Woodstock,

of

her

exalted but

her

courage
same

and

refined

the
and

qualitiesof her
undermined to

mind,
stitution. con-

at the

time last

had
time

sapped
she

her

ness England the heaviof the atmosphere made her, who had so long respired One the clear air of Prance, cough extremely. year, two while she patiently endured three years rolled away years, she herself before of these began to bethink sufiferings,
The

returned

remedies

; at

last
1

she

remembered

that

the

waters

of Bour-

MS.

of PSre

Cyprian Gamaohe,

p. 166.

140 bon
had

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

always
leave

restored

her

to

health, but

she

was

most

unwilling to against the

there son, under

chapel should be closed Catholic usually assembled congregation who her with her protection. She had conference a
London,
lest her she time told
to him

king Charles;
went
at

'that
her

she
native

should

recover,

if she health would

for the

breathe
; and

air, and
do

seek

Bourbon
her

baths

she

would

so, if he

subjects. chapel against his Catholic if it was But closed for one of her departure, day on account she would stay and live as long as it pleased God, and then die at the post of II. granted her duty.' Charles bewailed the necessity of his separarequest, but infinitely tion
not close

from obtained

his dear
this

and

virtuous

mother.

When

she

had
dered or-

choose
reverend

permission, she prepared to depart, and father Cyprian, to attend her as chaplain, and me, I chose another of my fraternityto assist me.
father

to

the

Matthieu,
her
; in

of

Auxerre,
two
was

who
in

had

the

honor
to

of

preaching
to

before

for

Lents

London,

satisfaction went

fact, he
as

her she

preacher

after

general she

A little before lived. long as this great princess left London, she bade call together me all our that from fraternity, they might learn her wishes her As had mouth. God own given her a mind prompt and with of she made hand offacute, utterance, great facility fine speech, in which she that told them a she very would be long ; not hoped, by God's grace, that her absence that her olics chapel was, meantime, to be open to English Cath'

France,

and

as

well

as

French

; that

she

and

pere
in

Matthieu,

but
and

the she

stay
answer

England;
Catholics Henrietta
the

Cyprian to religieuxwere charged them, as they would

pere
rest of

took

with her

her

hereafter, to
the

make

the the

best

use

of

their

time

in

aiding

with
left

rites of

their

religion."

London, panied 24, 1665, accomby king, queen Catharine, and most of the lords and ladies of her household, who sailed with her fifteen leagues,"says father Cyprian ; that is,the court attended her to the buoy at the ISTore. Her duke of York, son, the
June
"

Queen

escorted

her

to

Calais

he

was

then from

the
a

hero

of

the
over

day,
the

having just

returned

triumphant

victory

HENEIETTA

MAEIA.

141
took the with her
and

Dutch direct queen warmth.

was

fleet.
to of

Prom chateau

Calais
at to

queen

Henrietta where her

waythe

her

Colombe,
welcome

king
the

France Her

came

beloved the Some

not

with life.

of

her

of daughter, the duchess and in danger She was royal family. ill, informed her out of malice, had person,
"

greatest Orleans,

that naval her

was

her

brother

the

duke

of

York

had

been heart

beaten
at the

in his

engagement,^ and, pierced to the duchess family honor, the young prematurely confined, and lost
hastened
to

stain

on

fell

into

convulsions, Queen
that her
ever

her

infant.

Henrietta brother

her, and
the Dutch

soon

convinced
naval

her

James

had beat

gained
the

greatest
invaders

victory
to their

known,
The

having destroyed many

queen, after of for the baths
in

back

coast,
them."

ships,and taken seeing her daughter out

Bourbon,
her which maladies. had

of their

twenty
of

of

danger, departed hitherto always proved

successful

curing

Scarcely, however, had she arrived in France, before the in London that the week so terrifically plague increased and 4000 5000 died of after her departure between persons alarm lest the infect her it. In some pestilence should of the house, and spread by reason palace of Somerset that flocked to her chapel there, she closelypacked crowds but they wrote to her Capuchins to have the chapel closed,'' returned earnest an supplication to her, begging her not to this appeal the queen overcame impede their duty. "At
her fears
of

infection,and
of

moreover

disbursed

vast

sums

in

charity by the hands with appalling miseries

afflicted at that fell victims
for to us,
season

her which

Capuchins,
the

to

alleviate London

the
were

poor
Two

of
of

of

horror.'

their leaves

exertions.'' off

Father

journalizing the lives and euloof their royal patroness, to give memoirs giums on their labors in the plague-smitten metropolis. The passed the autumn queen," he resumes, very peaee"
"

Capuchins nately Cyprian, unfortuproceedings of his

the

at fiilly
1 ' *

her

chateau

of

Colombe,

and

the

winter

in

the

Madame MS.

Motteville, p. 230. Gamaohe, p. 157.

de 160 ; likewise Memoirs of

Ibid.,p.

Henrietta

Maria, 1671.

142

HENEIETTA

MAEIA.

magnificent hotel given her for her

The
war

de

la

Baliniere, which
in Paris."
was

Louis

XIV.

had

residence

in which

England
her confidant

engaged against France,

Henrietta
the utmost
easiness, un-

allied with
and

Holland, gave
with

queen

who

was

resident
to avert

minister
it.

from
often

Jermyn earl of England, she

had
interviews is

St.

Alban's,
tion mediafrom at
a

labored of

cessantl in-

She

the

that

nephew Louis XIV. : this despatches of lord Hollis, an envoy I was period. yesterday," says
"

with

her

apparent Hollis,
leave

from lord my

England
in

letter

'

to

Clarendon,
The
I
was

"

at

Colombe,
of France

to

take

of
came

the to

queen-mother.
Colombe
to proper head ; and

king
and

[Louis XIV.]
At
a

whilst
notice

in her

presence.
me

last

he

thought
with

me,

gave

little him

salute
with in

his
such
are

truly,my
I in different

lord, I
know his

answered

another, because
welcomed the
of visitor

ambassadors
The

just England
was

style."

great Conde
at

wise like-

of

Henrietta

Maria

her

country-palace
"

Colombe

; for the

high-spiritedambassador

who,

as

the

to the king of France as representative of England, nodded nodded I to him continues, unceremoniously as France did before him [Louis XIV.] entertain myself all the while is very affectionate in all with the prince de Conde, who that but this Soon his majesty ; concerns by the way. and the queen-mother alone went after,the king of France and into her bedchamber, our princess,madame [the young duchess of Orleans],went in after they had been there at I had least an hour. When the king of France went away,
"
"

"

an

interview

with
to been

the her

queen-mother
'

afterwards,

and

took

the
'

boldness
had

ask

how

she within

found

They

all the ; and

some

time

things?' She these talking over

XIV. told
were

said,
nesses busihad

of
made ones,

Holland Charles
if he I asked

that

Louis

her

he

king
which

which propositions, he
must

refused the ?'

take
'

part with
knew But not.'

fair very the landers.' Hol-

queen-mother
She said
'

if she

what

these

propositions were
strange
1 2

she

did

it seemed

to

me

that
in

the
the

king kept

them

from
12

her.

Perhaps

Original letter
Charles II.

State-Paper office, August

(O.S.),1665.

HENRIETTA

MABIA.

143

he

did
.

not, but
The
. .

she
next

did

not

think

fit to

them.
resumes

morning, though
"

acquaint me pouring with

set off towards

with

wet,''
the
to

lord of

Hollis,

the

queen-mother
health at

baths

Bourbon.
was

Her

that

aggravated by her sorrow approaching war." ^ One day she said to

who
mission to had in London returned
to

decline; it

period began regarding

the duke
de

the

fort, Beau-

from

an a

unsuccessful

diplomatic
'

undertake
now

naval
are

be

afraid
'

of

you,

you

ought fighting against the

mother He

command,

English."
Charles familiar

II. took
name

he
one

pleasure in speaking of his called her in his infancy.

his letters to

by

the

mentions

her

thus

in

of

his
that

the sister,
a man

duchess
name

of

Orleans, March Mercer, by whom

from Havre in the

22, 1669, saying

she
to had
sent

of the

of
tured venwas

letters in
an

and

presents, had

England
"

open

shallop,and
sent
me a

drowned

by him, which ought in conscience

soul, for
'

passage. I believe
to

I hear

Mam him

present
; so

be

brought at the charges

has caused

the

ill-luck

she
his

of
the

praying
poor
to the

for

'tis her

bad

fortune

man's

aster." dis-

This

letter,in which
that

he

alludes

constant

stormy weather
was

written

but

always attended few days before

"

his mother's
her says health father

voyages,
assumed

alarming symptoms.
"

Our
the

queen,"
end

Cyprian,
Ever she had

was

not her

destined
return

to

see

of the

since labored

from

her

last

sojourn

year in London

1669.

time not

caused her percomplicated maladies, which petual time and intense to insomnolence suffering: from these softened the baths of Bourbon pains, but could under them. defied

cure

till

they
or

paroxysms relief; yet the

not her

Their

came

nearer

and

nearer,

queen

sadness

; she

exhaled

internal

give way to by agonies by plaints,

not

did

tears,
of
the

bad

temper, like ordinary

she had the sometimes

women.

With his

the

blood
cepting ex-

great Henry
when

inherited

high courage,
she endured

sharp pains

be-

"
'

Letter
Madame

of Hollis, Statede des

Paper
vol.

office.

Motteville,
Affaires

vi.
at

'

Dgp6t
from

EtrangeSres, formerly
1669.

Versailles;

letter

of Charles

II.,

dated

Whitehall, March,

144

HENRIETTA

MAEIA.

came

apparent
wish to

on

her

fine features
did
no

; but

she

often

said
'

'

that did

piteous complainings
not and Her imitate

good
in

in

and illness,'
who

she

ladies
a

and

damsels
the

cried, and
or
a

wept,

lamented

for

little pain duchess

most in

head

cut

finger.'
her

daughter,
took

the the

of

Orleans, and
in
on

the her

duke

husband
were

lively interest
attendance
the
on

health, and
At person. medical able
case

unremitting
united in France the to

their

her most her

their
men

entreaty, she permitted

hold
a

consultation of Louis

; and

M.
first

Valot,

first
to the
met

physician
duke at

XIV.,
M. of

M.

Espoit,
Juelin, to
where
into her

physician
duchess,

of the

Orleans, and
chateau queen, She

the M. the

all

Colombe,
them them her
to

d'Aquin, physician to our of her majesty. chamber

with
'

introduced

explained
and desired

toms symp-

great

clearness,

the remedies he had ordinary to tell them M. Valot shooting pains which deprived her of rest.' Then said, that, by the grace of God, nothing very serious ailed her ; that her malady was inconvenient, but not dangerous ; and that to the prescriptionof M. d'Aquin he should add but three would grains, which give her majesty sleep and
'

physician in applied for the

cure

her

disorder.'

When

the

queen

heard

him
meant she

talk
to

of scribe prenot to

grains, she
take

immediately
and she she knew

opium, it,
and in
'

suspected that he that said, positively,

would
it
was

her,

noxious by experience how ill how it made her ; besides,her famous her England, Dr. Mayerne, had warned

for

physician against
was,

taking
and

any

great dose
overruled

of the

kind.'

"

however,
his

medical
of

by the brethren,
on

united
all the

repugnance of M. arguments

Her

Valot of
the

but

duchess
some

Orleans,
;

whom

physician opinion of Mayerne

result to of the

the

made
sultation con-

impression
was, at

nevertheless, the
the queen that
was

fatal

that

take

the

grains

of

opium
"

eleven

o'clock

night.'
funeral
was

In

her
took

memoir,
the
at

appended
at nine at

to Bossuet's in

sermon, found at

it is asserted

that
her

the

queen
in

opium
eleven
with

the

evening,
that she
of

dying
his

by

lady
is is

waiting
and

night,

and

expired
the

midnight.
;

This

scarcely consistent regular

Cyprian's circumstantial, being an eye-witness.

account

supper

narrative

146

HENEIETTA

MARIA.

formed, she
least

received of

the

Host

without
and

any
soon

convulsion

countenance,

the or diflSculty after her slight

turbed her soul to God, undisrespiration ceased, and she rendered by a struggle.^ rode at fiery A gentleman of her majesty's household these fatal to St Germain's, to carry speed from Colombe and most unexpected tidings to the duke of Orleans, who seen hack, hoping to have immediately accompanied him the duke had alive." After our given the necessary queen his to his own orders, he hurried palace of St. Cloud, where his and duchess to her to break daughter the fatal was, tidings.' My pen fails to describe," says pere Cyprian, the
" " "

violent

grief

of

the

duchess

of

Orleans

for

mother

so

old priest And then the aifectionate loving and so beloved." of the deceased : proceeds to give the following character This indeed was universallyregretted,for she great queen Her real empire over all hearts. cheerful had established a enlivened witty conversation, which temper, her gay and all around her to her last hours, her graceful familiarity, and all these winning qualities joined to a sincere piety, rendered her delightfulto every The one. king of France he had aunt, whom regarded her not only as his dear from known infancy, but as a real bond of peace between
"

"

his

country
the

and duke

Great of

Britain

and

her
of

son-in-law, his
her
rare

brother

Orleans,

convinced
ou

dence pru-

and
and

sagacity,consulted
her
own

her

every

aifair
as

of moment,
if she

been had years

gave his been

:

his

most
'

intimate
Such

confidence,
is the

had who

mother." domesticated

testimony
for

of

one

with with

Henrietta
that
seem

twenty-nine
de

it agrees

exactly
friend.

of

madame
that in

Motte-

her ville,
was

other

It would

her

character

peculiarly agreeable and estimable opposition or irritation regarding her

in her
own

country, there temper

last.
MS.
of

was

private life. No ring occurreligion ever nought to interrupt the

her who life abhor flowed Henrietta
on

serenity

of

her

therefore persons
p. 168.

brightly to

the
1 2

Many
P6re
of

Gamaohe,
Henrietta

Memoirs MS.
of

Maria, 1671, p. 90.

p. 169.

'

PSro

Gamaohe,

HENRIETTA

MAEIA.

147
civil war,
demn con-

Maria

from the

the

part she

took

in

the

may

praises bestowed by her French contemporaries as partial and flattering. Partial they certainly are, for written love continued they were friends,whose by intimate after her death de be, for madame ; flatteringthey cannot
Motteville's

give such lively delineations of her never character, were printed till her relatives of the third from this world. generation had passed away in these be administered Mattery may by memoirs times, works before the ink when of the are printed manuscript is authors them for the fourth wrote dry ; but when literally the dull cold of ear generation, why should they flatter ?" ' As for pere death Cyprian Gamache, his manuscript has never been printed,"nor does it seem that any eyes but these now the ancient guiding the pen, have scanned yellow
memoirs,
"

which

pages

which

dwell

on

the

death

and

character

of his beloved

patroness.
The
cause

of

the
de

death

of

Henrietta

Maria

is mentioned

She Montpensier, her niece. says, in her usual flippantstyle,' She could not sleep ; the doctors her it did her a so wakefulness, which pill to cure gave father that she never woke would again.'' What effectually cism this unfeeling wittiCyprian have said, could he have seen

by

mademoiselle

"

of death
severe

la

grande
own was

mademoiselle,
aunt
on

as

she

was

called, on
have
of

the
as

of
as

her he

? the
a

Truly, he would first physician

He

been

Louis

XIV.,
Dr.
was
"

whom Valot the that

he

all but

calls

murderer.

declares

that

excused
disease

himself the

to

his

king by assuring him

not

it

of
queen
"

chest, and
Henrietta

his overdose
the

of

narcotic,
tinues, cona

killed
that

;" but
he
could
of

indignant
his

father

though
his
in

Valot

retained

post

at

court, yet
a

very

few

months which

afterwards

himself
not
Madame

fell into
and

serious
soon

malady,
1

grains
the
of her Memoirs moral
to

cure,
de conduct he known

which
wherein

There

are

passages
such

Motteville
of Louis

she

speaks
he would

with

severity

justice of the
Bastile had

XIV.,
such
a

that

have

consigned

the

that

script manu-

existed.
'

It has

been

printed since
de

the

eariier

editions

of this

biography were

lished. pub-

M^moires

Montpensier,vol.

v.

p. 218

148
took
time cried

HENEIETTA

MAEIA.

from
he

him

hia

lived, the

place and people of

his

life

together.

But

all the

the

defunct

queen's household

in the murderer, in fact if not as against him intent, of their royal mistress." Meantime, a swift courier brought to the royal brothers that their had in England the news expired queen-mother on Tuesday morning, August 31, N.S., 1669, at her castle II. Charles Paris. four leagues from of Oolombe, situate out
'

and

the

duke

of

York

received

the

news

with

they immediately left their hunting in the New retired to Hampton Court, where they continued

great grief; Forest, and

till all the

mourning same day

as

ceremonial that
queen

was

completed
Maria

at

Whitehall.' corpse
were

The
mained re-

Henrietta

died, her
all persons her

if she
see

slept in
in state

her
The

bed,
next

and

mitted adbalmed, em-

to

it there. laid
same

day

body

was

and

in the

hall

of Colombe.

At

eleven

o'clock headed
from to her

household at Colombe, night, the whole in procession by the grand-almoner Montague, went the chateau, bearing the heart of their deceased queen
the convent at

Chaillot.

It

was

received

with

solemn

by the abbess and her nuns. A manuscript, till now inedited, in the archives of the respect with gives the following account
ceremonial ladies of the Visitation
received the to the
nuns. come

of

France,
the dress.' founbeen
her

which

heart
"

of

their
ever

It is written the intention health of her

by one of majesty
her
that

It had
us

to must

when

clining de-

warned

she
did

sharpness
her
in

of

death, which
of

she

not

the shortly endure wish should surprise

; but

worldly existence otherwise, having permitted a remedy,

would Divine
cure

the

routine

God
it
was

willed

it

which

hoped
year. of had
a

her,

to

cut

short

her

life,in
the

her

61st

Providence
of mark

had which her

to

spared
she
had

her
a

long agonies
fear.
us

lingering death,
not

natural
towards

She

the
:

time had

to

intentions
make
our

will
of

she

intended heart
and

church likewise

the

by her last depository

to

her

royal
of P6re of

body;

she

intended

de-

" ' *

MS.

Cyprian,
Henrietta

p. 169.

Memoira MB.
at the

Maria, 1671, p. 90.

archives of France,

hfitel de

Soubise,secret

by

favor

of M.

Guizot.

HENRIETTA

MAEIA.

149
benefit.

mise

to

us

certain
sudden

goods
death

for
had

our

Nevertheless,

although
she had

her

previously, on
foundress, and
at
a

many had
we

prevented these intentions, neficent beoccasions, proved a most deserved brance our grateful rememin
a

time

when

were

esteem Although we possess not the body, we At is,the heart of this great queen. precious, which very heart delivered eleven to us o'clock at night this dear was of household by M. Montague, accompanied by the whole received it in its urn her majesty. sisterhood at the Our and bore it in procession to our church, cloister, gate of our encircled which was hung with black ; these hangings were the eons escutchof black velvet, charged with by three bands The chanted Miserere of the defunct was by queen. the full choir. A raised, on platform of three steps was the royal heart of which was placed a credence,to receive this beloved foundress was : round our placed wax-lights. Monsieur all le

very destitute have what we

state.

grand
; then

aumonier

said

the

prayers,
to

to
our

which very
in

we

responded
mother
:
'

he

addressed

himself

ored hon-

and

superior, Anne
here of

Marie the

Caulin,
of the

these

terms

"

My

mother, behold I.,mother

aunt
not

heart
of

princess
Great,

Henriette wife
of in

Marie Charles

France, daughter
of Louis Charles XIV.
to

Henry
these

the

II. at All

ing present reigntemporal

soul,
knew
on

England, grandeurs were

which
so

I need

not

of equal to the virtues because dwell in particular, that this

her you

her

well.
for

The
you

affection has
caused

great

queen
as

of

this

precious
soul.'
'

you to be chosen I am certain deposit,which will not this

in
our
cease

ished always cherthe guardians

fully you will carefor the repose

retain, and
of her my of
for
can

your mother

prayers
made

To

mind
our

absorbed convent

to the

good I render grief, king, and to

us so

reply ;
humble
and

'

"

With

the very
monsieur
a

thanks

madame,
alone
death

having
console this

confided
us

to

valued
we

treasure, which
sustained in the

for

the

loss

have
never
we

of her
1

great queen.
as

"We sole
h8tel

will

remit have
edited

our

prayers

for
our

repose,
Inedited
from

the
in

means

of
and

showing
translated

MS.
the

the

de

Soubise,
of

now

bj

the

author

original, by

favor

M.

Gaizot.

150

HENEIETTA

MAHIA.

gratitude to
the

her.'
for the

After

every and

one

tad
we

withdrawn,
had

we

said

prayers
we

dead,

when

sprinkled holy lying

Her in

water,
The
from

retired." of Henrietta
convent
was

corpse Colombo

removed,
at Chaillot.*

for

state,
was

to the

cof"n

by her lord placed on a mourning-car, attended her principal Engof Eichmond, lish Montague, by the duchess her principal du Plessis, lady of honor, and by madame and French lady. The guards, already described, followed likewise attended was by preceded the royal corpse, which
the

almoner

coaches all the

to

of the

queen

of

France

and

duchess

of

Orleans,
was

with

officers of their

household.
received

The with been

body
much the

thus tender

escorted
reverence,

Chaillot, and
the
nuns, was,
to
on was

was

by
Her

whom

she
10th

had

tress. benefacin

heart

the

of

September, placed
name

silver

vessel, whereon
to the

written
:
"

her

and

titles in
queen to

Latin,

following

effect

Henrietta

Maria,
of

of the I.
II.

England, France, Scotland, French king Henry IV. the of the Martyr ; and mother
The
funeral of took

and

Ireland; daughter
; wife restored 12th

Victorious
the

Charles

place

on

the

king, Charles of September;

the

Henrietta with her was sepulture of queen royal Paris. ancestors, at the magnificent abbey of St. Denis, near from The hour after Chaillot, an procession commenced carried dark torches, queen ; all the guards of the deceased hundred and of sent a France, bore by the queen pages, The niece of the deceased each a lighted flambeau. queen, chief mademoiselle as Montpensier, followed sisted asmourner, of Guise. All the ladies and by the duchess men gentleof the at Colombe royal household followed, in the The monks and deepest mourning. chapter of the abbey of St. Denis, carrying lighted tapers, received the corpse their when it was at door, and consigned to them, the them in Latin, oration an grand-almoner, Montague, made answered which was by the prior. The abbey of St. Denis for the funeral was hung with black, and fully illuminated

place

service.

Forty days

after
1

the
MS.

death

of

queen
p. 169.

Henrietta,

still

of Fire

Gamache,

HENKIETTA

MAKIA.

151

soothe to grander service was performed to her memory, the grief of her favorite of England, daughter, Henrietta duchess of Orleans, by her grateful nuns of Chaillot. The with her husband which to this princess came ceremony,
was

far

more

distinguished by
funeral pomps
at

the

eloquence
could
was

of

Bossuet
All

than the and

by
choir
in

all the

that

Eome

devise. with

of the midst
a

chapel
was a

Chaillot of

hung
corners,

black,
a

the

covered

with
were

black

platform velvet pall :

four

steps, and

bier
in

at the

worked

gold,

queen under
a

Henrietta's

armorial
was
a

thereon,
taken

stately canopy,
The
duke and

resembling
their

her.'

duchess

bearings, and laid wax effigyexactly of Orleans having

of all that her eyes late
were

places, Montague,
at the service

the

almoner then

majesty,
fixed
on

officiated

; and to
scenes

Bossuet, who
oration
on

proceeded
the
him varied the of

deliver
of he

grand
since

torical his-

Henrietta's
has

life,
tained main-

which

at
as

once

gave
first

reputation
modern

the

orator

times. but
a

Much

of

this
;

sermon

would the

be

displeasingto
is
more our an

any

Eoman

Catholic
than

but

genius
which
to

of Bossuet
must the

talked
excuse

of in for

known, attempt
this

plead
reader

give
man

idea

of the

England the following view taken by

life of his

great

of

the
:
"

historical

events

of the

royal countrywoman
"

Nine
course

voyages,"
of and her

said

Bossuet,
The
of

"

were

undertaken

by
He

our

great Henrietta
had seized

in the
not

the

life.

English
the She

rebels, it
her her her

is well

known,
had her
even

arsenals

magazines
to
arm

king,

husband.

but soldiers,

wherewithal sake
her of her

them.
not
to
sea

abandoned
from

pleasuresand
jewels, but
to Holland real ; she

palaces
cared of
waves

for the not for and

lord, and
She

only parted
in the of

life.

put

midst

of February,

regardless
her
was

tempests,
who states had of

for the

ostensible
the

purpose
of

conducting
:

eldest to

daughter,
the their

espoused
Holland obtained
not
not

prince

Orange
of the

her

object

engage

in the

interests

king

gained them, gained

The
; the

and officers,

supplies,and
her from her was, return

and artillery,

ammunition.
on

storms
storms

of
of

winter
winter

had did

prevented
hinder

embarking
to the beset fleet

this

errand
had

king
with
for

when

she

gained her
accidents.
my

object.
The to
:

Her

homeward

voyage

however,
her

difficulties and

dreadful

tempest which The mariners, describe.

tossed
at

ten

days

is

beyond

power

length,

lost all presence

of mind, and

stood

aghast

Inedited
was

MS.,

written favor

by

nun

of Chaillot, in the

secret

archives,to

which

access

given by

of M.

Guizot.

152
some

HENRIETTA

MAKIA.

threw queen,
more

themselTes

in

the

sea,

The the from she

a

nevertheless,
she
reassured the have minds

remained
one

preferring instant death intrepid,and the higher

her which

to the
;

further
waves

toils.

raged,
to avert

every fatal
never

around of death

by
Alas

her

firmness

and,
on

their

ideas

presented
! she
was

itself

all

sides,
the Him
The

said, * Queens
still
more

been

drowned.' She
saw

reserved

to suffer

fate

extraordinary.
in which

vessels
was can

perish

around

her, but
hand of

admiral's who vessel

at

ship
over

she

was

embarked who
of

sustained

by

the

rules
was

the

mighty
back
on

deep, and
the
coast

bridle
and

its insurgent billows.

every
one was

thrown

Holland,

astonished

her
" *

signal
Those eternal

deliverance.

who

escape
adieu

from
sea

shipwreck,' says
;

an
never

ancient

author,
abide short and

are

sure

to of

bid
it.'

an

to the

nay,

they

can

again
in the

the

sight

Yet,

with

astonishing perseverance,
herself
was

the mercy

queen,
of

space
in the her

of eleven
utmost
earnest

days, again rigor of

desire of

committed She
her

to the

the

ocean,

winter.

impelled to
once

this extraordinary
more,

exertion to him

by
the

beholding
She
and

husband

and

leading

succors

she
the

had

obtained.

gathered
on

together the
the
coast of of

transports which England.

thundered the

had

escaped
she where balls. her her

the

tempest, shore, when

rested after

finally landed
a

Scarcely had
on

touched she

hundred of

pieces
her the

cannon

house their

the her

fatigues

voyage, midst of

and of this and

shattered
this

it with

Yet
ency clem-

she

retained
did
not

intrepidityin
the

frightful peril, and attempt

to

fail when after him

author

black

fell

in

power.
;

Some
she of
too

time

he
his

was

taken

prisoner,
of

destined him

the

executioner the of

but

pardoned
his kind and

crime the
to

against her, dooming

shame

solely to
the

punishment
a

conscience,

and

having

attempted
a

life

princesg^

merciful

take

his, even found

after such

provocation."

This

incident

is

only
of
:

in

this

oration,
it is
more

and

in

the

preceding
and

memoir

Henrietta, where quite

in accordance

stantially circumthe

related

it is

with

acter char-

Quatre, her glorious father, dispositionof Henri Henrietta whom our closelyresembled, as her countrymen well as as declared, in person disposition. The narrow in she reared which marred the was bigotry popularity have this which attended must fine disposition, infallibly in England. The always so attractive prejudices of the thousand offended, at every people were a turn, with troublesome, teasing ritual observances, which they, with equal bigotry, were as brought to look upon enormous crimes. Thus Henrietta's and virtues grand actions were either viewed in silence or invidiously, passed over ; the church-of-Bngland historians could not forgive the troubles her attachment church to the of Eome had brought on their king and country, therefore they are equally her enemies the with Puritans, and their narratives ao-e more

154
"

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

Princess, whose
of .'watch

destiny is
a

so

great and
to

glorious, are
of your around

you,

then,
house

in ?

your
0

first nal Eter-

dawn

being rendered
over

captive
to
as

the

enemies

royal
cradle

her.
is

Holy
destined of

angels
our

! rank

her

your the

invisible

squadrons,
France

for she

valiant
is most

Philippe,*of
worthy
of

all

princes

of

most

worthy did,
in

her,

she

him.
two

Gentlemen
years

of

France,
drew

God

truth, protect her.

infant her
own

Lady
of

Morton,
the

afterwards,
of her conceal

this

precious
refused other
to
a

from

the birth
name

hands too
or

rebels.
to submit own,

Unconscious
to

but captivity,

feeling
to

high
any

powerfully
rank but

it,the
of
to

royal
she her
was

child
no

her
was

and

persisted that
to the
arms

than

the her

princess.*
for all But the vessel and her I
am

At

last,she
and

brought
the retire view

mother,
of

console

sorrows,

finally to contribute
from to full she
course

the tory. his-

happiness
of the cries

great prince. already

in said that

diverging
was

of

my

I have

queen
left
came

forced in
near

from of

the

dom kingthe
! how

England; They
seamen, her the from the heave

fact, her
and

port
so

the that

the

ships of
Oh

rebels.
of

pursued her,
could
first voyage
on

actually heard
menaces.

distinguish
the
same

their
sea,

insolent

different of
waters

when
for

she

went

to

take
she

sion possesfelt the

sceptre of Great
under

Britain,
submit

"

when, proud

the

first to

time,

her,

and her its

their

waves one an

Now

chased, pursued by
fortune and

implacable enemies,
every

moment

her, the ocean-queen. lost,the next

no

saved,
but
there
"

changing
her
own

aspect

quarter
she
her

of at

hour, having
arrived
at

God
was

indomitable

courage, from

last

support Brest, and

faithful

suffered left
our
no

to
resource

respire awhile
to her

troubles.
;

God

royal
their of

husband
own, and

the
sold

Scotch, though
him to the would

guEirds to
The
army,

monarchs,* betrayed
the

parliament.
dismiss

parliament, feeling
but the
The in army,

evils
itself

declaring
was, in

despotism, independent, expelled the

led and from
even

military

the

parliament
to and

by

violence. his

king
vain

these

commotions,
the She

captivity
Poland the

captivity;
the
distant of the least
ing arm-

queen

moved
; she in

France, Holland,
reanimated

north,
of

to his

rescue

Scotch,*
concerted of

and
an

found

means

30,000
Lorraine

of

them

his

behalf.

enterprisewith
promised
dear at

duke
to

for

his

deliverance, the
succeeded among she in

success

which her

be

complete.
and
was

She

really

withdrawing
mortal do
no

children
on

from

ity, captivshe

confessed

that,
If her and

her
could

sorrows, more,
to

she
at

felt least his

this occasion
consoled

capable of joy. perpetually by

his that

she her
to

her she

royal
alone he
membered re-

lord

letters. that

He

wrote

from all

prison that
his

supported
0 her mother

mind,
she
!

he
to

could

submit and
was

degradations
own.

when 0 !

belonged

him,
and

unalienably
a

wife

! 0

queen

incomparable,
was

deserving
but
firm to

better

fortune to the around

After inevitable her.

all ;

struggles, there
some

nothing
she who

left
stood
can

resign herself
the

yet, like
who
can

grand column,
her

amidst

ruins
sorrows?

But

express

just grief?

recount

her

No, gentlemen

Philippe duke of Orleans with displayed great courage,

*

had
an

just signalized himself

intuitive

in

two

battles,and

genius
of

for

war.

This

passage
at p. he

confirms

the

narrative

p6re Cyprian Gamache,

of

already
France.

quoted
' *

25,
alludes here to the
to

Here Bossuet

Scottish the

archers, body-guards
of the

the

kings of
of

alludes

campaign

gallant marquess

Montrose.

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

155
who
.

of

France, my
of
"

words
can

cannot

paint
lament
"

them
as was

; the

prophet

sat
.

alone

amidst

the

ruins

Jerusalem

only

she

lamented.
.

continues Charles,'*

Bosauet,
affairs and

just, temperate, magnanimous,

science of

formed well-in-

regarding
more a

his

the

governing.
but with

Never
amiable too

prince was
and
a

capable
He

of

rendering
be

royalty
defect
to

not

only respected,but

dear

to of

people.
but

could

reproached
see

with
of

nothing
was

great
of

degree
under

clemency. weight
battle
of and

This those

illustrious who

Charles the

likewise monarch

that

Csesar

self; him-

expected
were

English
when

succumb
his utmost

the
in

misfortune his

astonished in

they by
his

experienced
to the
own

valor

strength of intellect
of result

council.

Pursued

by the
lost

implacable malignity
himself.
The

his enemies, betrayed

contest

people, he
; his

never

of the crush that

a

might

be

against
never

Mm

fo^ A

found

that,
seizes he

although they might

me

him, they great heart

than
and when

could in

bend
trials. in

him.

pang

when

contemplate
not

its his

last rebels

But, assuredly,
the
as

showed
on

himself
scaffold
;

less

king when

facing
he

"Westminster
at

hall, and
head of

the

in
saw

Whitehall,
him

confronted
in

them

his
was

armi^

they

august
heart

majestic
queen I celebrate

that
do your

woful I know

time,
that
"

when

he

in

the

midst wishes beat

of of

his your for

court.

Great
when

! well

I fulfil the that cold heart in

most

tender
never

monarch,

which

but
the

him. of

Is the

it not
name

ready
of
a

to

vibrate, though
so

the

dust,
under

and

to

stir at

sound

spouse

dear, though

veiled

the

mortuary

pall ?"
of

The
of

hearers Henrietta's
him At

Bossuet second

could

not
or

have

believed

the

story
have
to the self himthe

marriage,

blamed skies.
to

for this
nuns

passage, point of his of

this

instead

surely they would of praising him

addressed
were

oration, Bossuet

the
of
after

Ohaillot, who
:
"

assisting at

funeral
"

their
she
"

benefactress
had
for of listened
so

"

But

to

your often

consolations, holy maidens,

called
"

you, led her

to

her
to

inestimable

friends,
the altar she you
to

in life she

you, then you

"

after she

you

had

sigh before
the

her

consolations for

received been
"

only protector, then from high, and on

faithful witnesses.

could

confide her

you

can

recount

Christian
has

progress,

have

How
ask reine I you

many

times For

she

turned re-

thanks
her
son

God, what, my hearers, her la No, but for having rendered

boundaries ends made of her the of wide the

for

having
Ah voice
ear

restored ! I
gret re-

malheureuse.

the
resound her the

narrow

place
I

where would

speak

my

ought
hear

to

to the

earth. in the
were

make

every and for

to

that

griefs had
cross,

learned

science united in

of salvation

the
her

efficacy of

when

all Christendom

sympathy

unexampled

sorrows."

After

the

ceremony,

the

duke of his

of Orleans
deceased in

placed
aunt,

the

abbe
head The

Montague,
of

grand-almoner
Orleans
received
as

at the

the

ecclesiastical of

establishment
her

his

household.

duchess

mother's
; but

aged friend, pere

the old
man

Cyprian Gamache,

her

almoner

did not

156

HENRIETTA

MABIA.

long
cease

survive
from takes

his the
the

patroness

; his well-known

characters
and

soon

yellow
pen.

pages
The

of

his

journal,
of the

another

hand

continuator

describing the the death of his aunt, on by Louis XIV. through France Our country did not merely recognize the decease of a in the loss of this of England princess,but that of queen the last surviving child of her great Henry, a as daughter of France, sweet, familiar, obliging,and doing good to all around her, and manifesting those great qualities that win all the rites of her interment all hearts. Our king ordered
observes, when
"
"

manuscript general mourning ordered

and

obsequies
of

at

St. Denis

to

be

conducted
were

with

the

utmost at

pomp
cost." There contents

royalty, and
is
a

the

expenses

discharged
of

his

manuscript
which
have

'

of
in

among been
order.

the

archives

France, the

chronological
direction
when of

curred partly quoted when they ocIt was evidently written,

under

the

the

abbess

of

Chaillot, for the

oration.

ance assist-

of Bossuet has he availed knew

he of

composed

his funeral
in many

He which

himself would be

its contents

passages

we edifying to his auditory, but which omit not only to the reformed as church, but to displeasing, English readers in general. The composition is simple and innocent, the French theless, spelled in an illiterate manner ; never-

it preserves

few

anecdotes

of

interest

which
"
"

are

of the She private character : queen founded she was our convent, in July, 1651, at a time when under a der murheavy pressure of grief Her husband's very had her previously caused deep and enduring sorrow. At first she was overwhelmed with despair ; by degrees her mind returned she could to God, but not resign herself to

illustrative

of

the

his will
'

till she

had hast

many

times

offered

up

this
will

orison

"

Lord

God, thou
with
all

permitted

it ; therefore

I submit
us

myself
most

my

strength !'

Conversing

with

in her

that found she had this private hours, she declared in aspiration efficacious on producing resignation, even occasions the most these,' she added excruciating. 'And mournfully, came frequently ; for since the last very
'

Inedited

paper

in

the

hfttel Scmbiss

marked,

in

penoil, K

13S1.

HENEIETTA

MAKIA.

157

twenty

years much the

'

have

not

passed
She
once

one

day
our

but

what

has

brought
mother,
her had

trouble.' abbess she

to

told

de

la

Fayette, speaking
returned of
an

honored very of the health of

soul,

that her

often the

thanks

to God

that, as he
made her
a

called

state

royalty, he
unfortunate of

had

Christian,and
added,
'

consequently
queens
in
a

queen;
are

she for,'
too

that
to

state

prosperity
"

much

tempted

Here we-trace of forget his ordinances.' one the most striking perorations of Bossuet's discourse. the practicalvirtues of Henrietta, the good nun Among tics, recognizes the interest she felt in the welfare of her domesand the pains she took to reconcile any differences that she held if arose them, the frequent consultations among other unhappiness or ill-fortune befell them. "Any any who less sweet-tempered," says another was queen ment fragMS. in the hotel would have been de Soubise, wholly
"

deserted

when

she
; but

was

reduced

to

such

distress
her

at the

time

of the

Fronde

the

privations that
her
'

lowest time

servants in search

endured, before
of
'

food,
us.'
"

were

they quitted astonishing.

with
us

for

short

Our

dear is

queen,' they
for her the

said,
is
so

shares

them

; and
we

what

enough
that

for Henri

From

which

gather,
true

daughter
led

of to

Quatre
"

inherited

that

heroism
share

which with
her her
;

her

reject all indulgences she household. If they had limbs ; if they had none,
food,
with marked
never

could

not

fire,she
she
; if

warmed without
had the friend
as

went

if she

suffering shivering they had

starved others
"

she

broke
. . .

her

fast

they
for

none,

them. her took

our

Consideration

feelings of
the
our

conduct,"

resumes

her
her

abbess

she to of

advantage
:

of

power,
and

foundress,
persons of one
So

fill

quiet cloisters with

when
or

noisy
she

irreverent

her

court

she

came,

only brought
servants.

her

ladies
was

and

two in

she

quiet female preventing unhallowed

three
to
see

lar particuthat
one

intrusion,
was

day
and

when
was

she

came

us, and

she
her

too

ill to

walk,
in

obliged
know
our

to

be had ?"
manners

carried

from

coach, she
her
that

sent

first to to enter

if

we

court had

any These

objection to permit
little traits
in

bearers
queen

prove of
a

Henrietta

the

private life

perfect gen-

158 We

HENKIETTA

MAEIA.

tlewoman.

"

have

since

said

mass

in remembrance
"

of
of ;

her every
and

continues majesty,''

the shall of
of

manuscript,
continue

on

the

10th
the

month,
on

which

we

all round
we

year
to her

the

anniversary
marks possible
died

her
our

death

devote

all memory Henrietta of

Her then

respectfulgratitude."
thanks to the
was a

intestate,but,
every

careful
not in

dation liquidebt.

her

expenditure
Louis
was

week, she
to eifects

nephew,
in

XIV.,
heir to

according
all her

law
as an

of

France

force,

intestate

person.

Against
agency among
of

this
sir the

proceeding
Leoline archives of

Charles

II.

remonstrated,
of laws.
A

by

the

Jenkin, doctor
France
'

document

states

vember that, No-

6, 1669,"
"

The abb^
docteur

king

of

France

gave

permission to
Arenberg,
into

the

ambassador
to the

from

England,
queen, Chaillot Henrietta
and

and
to

to le it

Montague, Jinquin,

to count
to enter
an

equerry
of

the

deceased
of

the

abbey
of the

Visitation

when
had

pleased them,

to make

inventory

effects that

queen

left there."

An in

inventory
the convent

of

the

furniture
; it

of
is

her

reserved

apartments

The simple and homely. of the abbess delivered convent a wrought silver casket, had left in her which the queen Montague, care, to abbe II. A few who wards took possession of it for Charles days afterthe visitors returned again, and presented to the of that which longed beconvent, in the name king, the furniture At his mother. the importunity of his sister to
is extant

Henrietta,
of There

he

bestowed
for

more

solid

reward to his

on

the

nity commu-

Chaillot
is written

their

attention

mother's

remains.

we

little yela on following memorandum low off some of paper, torn mon printed circular of a serscrap preached in 1670, and pinned on the nun's manuscript have Henrietta duchess of recently quoted : ' When
"
"

the

Orleans Charles

went

to visit her the

her
for

brother
us

II., gave
the

26,000 francs, for

therein
sum we

precious
received

purpose heart of half

favor de

England, his majesty, 2000 gold jacobuses, worth of building a chapel, to put
beloved
our

in

our

queen.

Of

this

have
1 *

May
of M.

Lord

recompense

H8tel

de

Soubiae, by
paper, hStel

Quizot.

Inedited

Soubise, marked

1351.

HENRIETTA

MARIA.

159
to
our

those queen The

who
and

have

done
!

this,and
Bieu

give

repose

illustrious

founder

soit benit!"

the count de sent king of France gentleman of his bedchamber, to condole

on

St.
with

Aignan,
Charles

first

II.

the

death for

of her

ordered

with
court

each

other

mourning for,according to a passage de Montpensier, Henrietta from England six

satisfaction
to the that

general mourning was throughout England, and the people vied in testifyingrespect to her memory.^ This have been of an extraordinary length, must
in the memoirs of of

his

mother.

mademoiselle
turn re-

duchess months
"

princess
of

Orleans, on her afterwards, expressed the at respect paid by

late queen her

her the for

English
"she found

to

memory

the

mother,

court, in the people, as well as the whole This mademoiselle, visit," continued deepest mourning. "renewed the of Orleans grief of my cousin the duchess for her mother felt her loss severely at this particular : she Henrietta to relied on time, since she always had queen reconcile her with her husband, as she usually lived on
the uneasy
after
some

terms her

with to

him.

Whenever
she
was

she

return

France,
This

spoke of her ready to weep,

more a

mother
and I

had
saw

trouble

to restrain to

her
was

tears

than few

once

them

ready
death

faU."

but
Henrietta the

days before
of Orleans loss
bo

the
;

sudden she

of the beautiful
a

duchess

only

survived and

few

months maternal

parent whose

she

still

mourned,
She
is too

whose June

friendship she
The

much
was

needed.

died

15,
rooted

1670. to

story

that

she

poisoned
died of

deeply

cousin, mademoiselle
cholera Henrietta survived Charles
time

de

easily eradicated. that Montpensier, declares

be
"

Her

she

morbus.''
of Orleans out of
was

duchess
queen

the five.

only daughter
Of
her
were

who
sons,

Henrietta

of

three

II. and her

James

duke

York
mother to No

only
to

alive at the monarchs of

of

death.

She

was

two
a

Great
and
a

Britain, and

grandmother
of France. Henrietta of St. Denis
of the MS.
of

three, to
monument
we

dauphiness
of
queen

of Spain, queen exists to the

memory

that

could
summer

discover, when
of 1844.
p. 172.

visitingthe crypt
'

in the
PJre

Her

Continuation

Cyprian Gamache,

160
bones
no

HENEIBTTA

MAKIA.

longer rest there, but were trench. republicans into a common disinterred,' according to the narrative
officer.
"

flung by
Her
coffin of the

the
was

Fi-ench the first

superintending
16,
the

At

seven

in the

morning,"
commenced

1793,
vaults
was

the

workmen Bourbons

Le Ifoir," October says the in disinterments

of the

at St. Denis.

The

first coffin of

that and

of Henriette wife 60.

Marie I.
was

de

Prance, daughter
of

opened Henry
died
in

IV.,
of

of

Charles
The
next

king
I.,and
died
the

England,
first

who

1669, aged
the brother Le
her
were

Henrietta

former

and

Charles

Stuart, daughter wife of monsieur,

26

of

Louis

XIV., who
affirms that rest

in

1670, aged
of dead Des at

years."
and

Noir

further

coffins

Henrietta St.

daughter, with deposited in

lower

the
the

of

the

royal
the

Denis,
and

dug at the abbey.'

Verses
in
a

end

burial-ground to the right,on

Latin and

called

Valois,
side

north

of

the

and

both elegies,
to

English, were
The

written
that

such

profusion

the

large volume might these elegiactributes is

"

of queen memory be filled with them.

Henrietta,
best

of

the
and

following :
"

Great

queen

of

cares

crosses

! tossed world

and
;

hurled

Through
A queen
Great

all the
to

changes
and

of

guilty

kings
envious French !

emperors
and

allied,
blest Charles's bride
!

Henry's
did the

daughter

Yet

thistle lilies and mind

interpose
our

'Twixt Blest As

her queen

English
so

rose.
a

thy

maintained of

calm and

state,
:

crowned
now

thee

sovereign
to thee

thyself
airs
as

fate

Angels
And Who
Of And An And
a

sing
in
an

their
as

divine, thine,
life

join
dear

applause
the
and

vast

claimed

garland by
a

the

matchless
wife ;

mother

faultless
now

having gained it,meekly

earthly
you, diadem for ! your
a

layest down
crown.

heavenly
life has

dear he

queen
owed

one

grateful subject leave,

Who
1
2

what Account

paid
of

your

grave."
of

See
No

Le

Noir's

of

the

Disinterment

the

Kings
the in

France.
the forlorn

English person
of

can

imagine, without
the left

witnessing

same,

and

desolate

litter in which St. Denis the have French

workmen
the

structure

employed burial-ground behind

107.

restoring the beautiful

the

abbey, the

last

of resting-place
8

monarohs.

Life

of

Henrietta

Maria, 1671, pp. 106,

CATHARINE
QUEEN-CONSORT
OF GREAT OF

OF
CHARLES BRITAIN

BRAGANZA,
THE AND

SECOND,
IRELAND.

KING

CHAPTEE

I.

Birth

of

Catharine
"

of

Braganza
with

"

Her

father

proclaimed
"

king
Overtures

of

Portugal
for

"

Her

education

Is
to

endowed

princely Spanish
"

appanages
ambassador in

marrying
"

Catharine demurs the

"
"

Charles

II.
the

"

The

depreciates
Portugal
with the her
"

her

Charles
assumes

Concludes of

marriage
Britain

Rejoicings
"

Catharine mother and

title Her

queen

of
"

Great

Her

parting
water

family
"

embarkation
voyage national Her
" "

Serenaded
duke
"

on

the
visits

by
in

king,
cabin
" "

her

brother
to

Her

stormy
in there

The

of

York

her
at

her

Desires

see

her
her

her
"

costume

She
of Her

lands

Portsmouth
"

Honors interview
"
"

paid
His

to

illness

"

Arrival
"

the

king

Their

first

able favor-

opinion
" "

Marriage
of the
"

reception
"

at first

Hampton
quarrel
"

Court

Bridal Castlemaine threatens

festivities
The
"

Happiness
Portugal

royal

pair

Their

Lady
"

king's
to

misconduct
"

Catharine's

jealousy
"

and

grief attempts

-She
at

to

return
"

The of her

king's lady

resentment
"

Her -The
"

speaking
to in

English
Catharine her
own

Evil

influence
dismisses Her
"

Castlemaine

king's
Catharine contest
at

unkindness

"

He
court for

Portuguese
"

attendants

neglected
"

wretchedness

She
balls

gives up
and

the

Censured

by

her

friends

want

of

spirit
"

Eoyal

festivities

Whitehall.

The
mentouB

birth crisis duke

was

of

Catharine

of

Braganza
and her

occurred

at

mo-

for her

country

family.
surnamed
of

Her
'

father,
nate,' Fortu-

John

of the

Braganza, grandson
the
the

afterwards
and

the

representative
heiress of death

donna

Maria,
house
don
tered en-

duchess
of

of

Braganza,
who,
successor
as a

rightful
the

the

royal

Portugal,
the the

ou

of

the

cardinal
don

king,

Henry,

of
claimant

unfortunate

Sebastian,
two

lists

of
of

the

crown

with and

ful powerII. of
it is

competitors, Spain.
well
to

the
overcame

prince

Parma
on

Philip
for

Might

right
and in

that in

occasion,

known
own

that

Philip

succeeded for the

a

annexing position Spain.

Portugal
years
an

his

dominions,
remained

period

of

nearly sixty
of

that

country
and

degraded
of

pressed op-

misgoverned

province

Eepeated
161

162
and

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

"wrongs

insults

roused,
Lusitanian

at

length, the
heroes,
who

spirit of
had

the

scendant de-

of the

the

maintained

independence of their country against the victorious of successful warfare, legions of Eome, and, for centuries imbecile potism desThe repelled the aggressions of the Moors. blunders of their and political Spanish rulers,Philip and their anger III. and IV., while they excited contempt, for with liberty hope that a bold struggle inspired them
associations successfully attempted. Patriotic all the were principal secretly organized in Lisbon, and off the Spanish yoke, and of Portugal, for throwing towns The hour more. assertingtheir national independence once towards of political regeneration drew near ; all eyes turned the last of the old of Braganza, with royal line,the duke expectation. Braganza considered, meantime, that eager matured for successful not a were measures sufficiently of his foes and alike the observations rising,and to avoid the his perilous intrigues of his friends, he retired with beloved of wife, donna Luiza, the daughter of the duke Medina their infant two Sidonia, and sons, to his palace of Villa in this has delicious Vi"osa. It was spot, which been justly named the terrestrial paradise of Portugal, that

might

be

the Saint hours

duchess

gave Catharine's

birth

to

her

third

child, a

daughter,

on

day,

November

25, 1638, between

the

eight and nine in the evening. On Saturday, the 12th of the following December, the infant princess was in the ducal baptized, with great pomp, de Brito e chapel of the parish,by Antonio Sousa, the dean of the chapel ; and in honor of the virgin saint and martyr
on

of

whose

festival

she

was

born, she

was

named

Catharine. Francisco
one

Her
de most

the marquess de Ferreira, don godfather was Mello, a wealthy grandee of high rank, and devoted
of of

of

the The

her

father's
of

friends

and

partisans.'

anniversary
been
of
an

Catharine
as an

regarded fete,when

Braganza's birth has always auspicious day for Portugal, in consequence

which
connected her second
P. D.

incident she
da

the

celebration year,
Antonio

of

the
1

completed
Ca"a
Keal

with
Caetano

the
de

Historia

Genealogioa
vii.

Portuguesa;

Sousa, tome

CATHABINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

163

emancipation

Spain. It that day, November on was 25, 1640, that don Gaspar Couto Villa of Braganza tigno came Vi^osa, to urge the duke to accede of the associated to the patriots that he prayer yoke
should of the which duke
declare he
was

of

that

country from

the

of

himself the

their

leader, and
This not

accept the

crown

with
of

rightfulheir.' perplexity,for he was

all the

proposition filled only happy in the

as
a

enjoyment
a

ties of domestic

love
of

husband

and

father, but
less
than the

in
a

peaceful possession
third

estates
was

not

of

the

realm,

and

hazard
full of

loss of

"

peril. The resolve, by an This day," said she,

celebrate
and

by embarking in an bold spiritof his wife decided appeal to his parental love and
"

these

comprising unwilling to enterprise so

his

ful doubt-

pride.
round
our

our

friends of

are

assembled

us

to

the
who

anniversary
knows you but
that of

the
new

birth

of

little

Catharine,
been
invest
sent to

this
it is which my

guest
will of have
I

may Heaven

have
to

certifyto
that

the

you

with

crown,

you

long
it

been
as a

unjustly deprived by Spain. that he comes happy presage

caused made in your
a

For
on

part,
a

regard

such

the

infant kiss
to

Catharine
the

to

be

day." She then brought in, and having

"

her

duke, she
to

added,
on

How

can

you
the

find rank

it of

heart

refuse

confer

this

child

burst of feminine This eloquence king's daughter?"' of the had a more powerful effect on the wavering mind duke than all the otic persuasions and reasoning of the patrisurrounded he was and nobles statesmen by whom ; he declared his determination to peril his great wealth, his he was and all the blessingsby which surrounded, for life, the glorious objectof delivering his country from a foreign adieu he bade to the yoke. A few days afterwards ful peaceshades

of
to

Villa

Vigosa,
where

and

removed,
was

with

his wife

and

little ones,

Lisbon,
liberation

he

immediately proclaimed
commenced The
won

king, by
for

the

title of Juan

IV.,

and

active

ures meas-

the

of his realm. Juan

struggle was
almost every

long
battle and of

and

fierce,for although don

he

in which
resources
1

encountered

his
so

enemies, the physical force

of
Leti.

Spain

were

infinitely superior
'

to those

Ibid.

164

CATHARINE

OP

BBAGANZA.

Portugal,that
of
to

at

times

it

his

queen,

donna

quence required all the energetia elohim even Luiza, to encourage

The event

of

hope for a successful issue. the glorious aphorism :

"

proved

the

truth

"

That

freedom's
from

battle

once

begun,
sire to son, won."

Bequeathed Though The title of don Juan

bleeding

baffled

oft, is always

was

not

allowed of

of the Eoman any of France ; but

Catholic

courts

by the Europe

pope,

nor

by
that

except
an

protector
don
service

in

Portugal had always found England, and Charles I.,though

in

ally
to the

and
sist as-

unable

Juan of

any

other

way,
him

recognizing

Immediately after the decisive Juan to the Spanish forces by don

his Charles of for
a

important the sovereign of Portugal. as that overthrow was given

in the to

rendered

him

year

1644, he
overtures

powered em-

ambassador,

Sabran,

make

to

marriage Braganza.
were

between Charles
The at
so

their

children, the
the
of the that him very in

prince
infanta,
dower

Wales,

afterwards of

II., and
finances

little

Catharine
in

royal party
the
to

England
the his

then

low

an

ebb

which
on

of don Juan enabled great wealth daughter would, doubtless, have been did not to the

bestow

acceptable,

an aging encourproposal respond had manner.' He probably felt the disadvantage of the differences himself between and on religious matters united his own his son too keenly to wish consort to see to Eoman Catholic a princess. ^Nothing, in fact, could have been more unpopular than such an alliance,independently of the unsuitable of the parties, Catharine having ages her seventh the prince of only just completed year, while Wales turned of fourteen. Seventeen was afterwards, years when became and man they actually wife, Catharine was, for considered old the too of a consort by many persons, her senior. prince so many years

yet

Charles

Catharine's

father of
I. to the

maintained

the better

contest fortune

against
than

the that
of

gigantic
1

power
Charles

Spain
the

with
dated

Letter
I.

of

queen,

January

30,

1645

Letters

Charles

printed at

Hague.

166

CATHAEINB

OP

BRAGANZA.

likely to remain proposals were

render

without

candidates donna

for

her

hand. determined

Many
to

made, but

Luiza

had

of additional marriage a source strength of Portugal : she to the newly-established throne appears in her the of to have hope kept single securing,an alliance with England, by wedding her to Charles tion restoraII.,whose her for Overtures to foresee. penetration enabled made this marriage were to general Monk by a Jew, who, to his proscribed notwithstanding the penalties attached and persecuted religionin Portugal, had obtained siderable convery her

Catharine's

influence Jews

in the

cabinet

of

donna

Luiza.'

have, indeed, frequently

been

employed

both

as

politicalagents ; the strong links of fellowship this which bind widely scattered people together as one end of the world from to the other, one large family extend and of information afford to a diplomatist peculiar means of of that The race. no Portugal had sagacious queen doubt received, through this source, certain intelligenceof she directed him the impending changes in England, when the alliance who to propose to the man silentlybut was, for securing a lasting peace for surely,concerting measures himself England by the recall of her exiled king. Charles time been have at that was wooing a princess who would for him than a more a popular bride daughter of eitheoHenrietta, daughter of Henry Spain or Portugal : this was Frederic Their prince of Orange. regard being mutual, he of Ormonde the marquess the marriage to sent to propose the elder princess-dowager of Orange ; but she declined offer that the for her she saw no daughter, declaring spies and
"

chance

for

the
from

amendment

of

his

fortunes."

When

the

deputation to England

to return parliament, inviting Charles take arrived to at possession of the crown, Breda, bringing a present of 50,000L in gold to relieve the personal necessities of the destitute sovereign, the old lady regretted her narrow-minded policy, and would willingly have made concession the blunder she had to repair any committed in Charles, however, declining his alliance.

the

^
'

Burnet, History
Oarte's Life
of

of

his Own
Duke of

Times. Ormonde.

the

CATHARINE

OF

BBAGANZA.

167
with the

treated

all overtures

from He

her

for

that
not

purpose

contempt
affront

they

merited. been

could
to

forgivethe personal
in

that

had

offered

him

the

season

of

his

adversity.
The Charles selection II. of the has lord of Catharine of been

Braganza
attributed

for the
to

generally
chancellor

of queen the family

policy

Clarendon, who, it is said, did the sovereign to marry wish not a princess likelyto bring heirs to the crown, of the children to deprive the of duke But York, by his daughter, of the regal succession. as Catharine the newas only in her twenty-third year when gotiations
for this would the
a

alliance

first
a man

commenced,
the
world views
was

it

was

quite
of

as

Kkely
and

that

she
was

have
last

family as
in the

duchess
to be

York,
in

Charles
choice of

guided
;

his The

wife of

by
this
the first

the

selfish

of Louis
it
was

his

minister.

real

spring
to

according
to
own

Carte,
in the

marriage by person
instance who
same

XIV.

and,
his
of

whom
was was
no

suggested
than

Charles

other
in the

mother,
French
son

queen

Henrietta,
at the

interest
of

the

cabinet, and
to
a

time

desirous

seeing

her

gotiation princess of her own religion. The netowards the close of her visit to Engwas opened land in 1660, or immediately after her departure, in the The Portuguese ambassador, don Pranfollowing manner. of de cisco Mello, Catharine Braganza's godfather, paid

united

Charles's
one

lord

chamberlain,
"

the

earl

of

Manchester,

visit

commendations his on day, and after bestowing many that it was time he should bestow royal master, observed himself in marriage, and that nothing could keep him single but the difficulty of finding a suitable for him." He consort added in Portugal a that There then was princess in fit for him, and and who would beauty, person, very age have a portion suitable to her birth and quality. She was would indeed her renever a Catholic, and ligion depart from had of that she none meddling activitywhich ; but
"

sometimes

made into
a

persons

of

that

faith

troublesome
mode
a

when

they
was

came

country where
she
had been

another bred under

of wise

worship
mother,

practised ; that
had

who

carefully infused

another

spiritinto her, and

kept

168
her from

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

which in state with affairs, affectingto interfere be contented she was totally unacquainted, so that she would without self own to enjoy her religion, concerning herothers ambassador what with cluded conprofessed." The had the He authority to make by saying, that proposition to the king, accompanied with such advantages in Europe could offer." other power he thought no as The lord chamberlain to duly repeated this conversation
" '

king, who merely replied that he the next came morning the ambassador going straight to the point, repeated
the to his lord

would
to to him

think his

of it ; but and said

majesty,
had
"

all he

by stating that he authorized to offer 500,000?. sterling in ready money, as was and to assign over a portion for the infanta, and likewise of England, forever, the possession of to the crown annex Tangier, a place likely to be of great benefit and security to the trade of England ; likewise to grant to the English nation Brazil and the East free trade with a Indies, which they
chamberlain,
and

concluded

had

hitherto
to

denied

to

all nations

but

themselves

; and

also

the of island majesty's hands its spacious bay, towns, and with castles,which far above the porpossessions," he said, might be valued tion who in money." burdened with not was Charles, only the debts incurred by the Protectorate, but already pretty his own on deeply involved account, listened to the proffer of half million of money with a ill-suppressed delight,and

promised Bombay,

put

into

his

"

hastened confessed that

he

to
to

communicate
Clarendon the
"

the that

overture

to his

premier.

He
;

the

considered
the

alliance
and

proposal pleased him of notable might prove

him
"

advantage to thought
had not

kingdom,"
it ?"

asked

what
"

he

self him-

of

Clarendon

enough of it if his majesty had given up wife ?" Charles replied, that his own subjects,and among
"

heard

replied, dryly, that he to form asked an opinion, and all thoughts of a Protestant
he among could
not

find
he

one

except
seen no

them

had

one

that

pleased
Clarendon
never

him

observing
he would

more

for that sufficiently ;" then, purpose look to fixedly at him, he added, that of think the princess of Orange's
"

Life

of Clarendon,

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

169
so

daughter, her
it;
mother and would

mother if he
never

having
should
consent

used
now

him propose

ill when

he knew break

posed prohis his sired dewas

it, he
it would
"

to

it,and

sister's heart."

To
more

this than

his
to
see

minister his

nothing
confident that he
on
was

replied, that he majesty well married,

in the
same

all his

good

subjects were
with

mind,

and

the

Charles lord
the

ready to confer ^ subject." then appointed a

house,
them
at

the

Portuguese
to be

dor ambassa-

secret

council

held

at the

chancellor's business
to

which

he He

presided, and
said, that
'-

opened
had quired inof Sandwich

in person.

He

of his two

and
to

the commanders, great naval sir John Lawson, what place Tangier
same

earl was,

it at

the

time

on

the

map,
sir
a

and

they
of

both

pointing said they

'

knew
in

it well

from

sea.'

But
it
as

John

Lawson

had

been

and it,

had

represented
the

place

which,
to

if it fell into
a

hands

of the
enable

great importance, Dutch, and they were

to

make

mole

there,
of
the

would

them
with

give

the

law

to

all the his his

some

trade

Mediterranean,"

which

discourse

much majesty seemed choosing a Protestant

impressed.'' having queen

The
been
"

expediency of suggested by
he then should
men

of the
one

lords, Charles
Several
"

find tioned

?" to
"

again asked, where German princesses were

fish !" exclaimed
and

him.
are

Odds

the

king, impatiently
like

they
for
a

all dull
'

foggy
of
to

; I cannot

any
a

one

of

them

wife." said

Another

the

lords

named

lady
"

whom

report
"

had of

been

his

majesty's taste,
Charles
cut him

the short

riage." objections to that marthen there It was was unanimously agreed that Catholic Eoman no princess in Europe who could offer such of Portugal, whose portion in advantages as the infanta what almost double was king of England had any money

princess Henrietta by saying, he had

Orange

; but

unanswerable

"

ever were

received

with of

consort

; and

her

territorial

great importance for the and the Mediterranean, in the Indies especially

places
had

appanages increase of trade, where much

of

damage
1

been

sustained the

by
^

the

commercial

relations

England during
Olarendon's

late troubles.''
Clarendon.

The
*

king approving
Carte's
Life of

of

Autobiography.

Ormoode.

170
these

CATHARINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

observations, ordered treaty with

all Francisco
to
"

their

lordships to
to go back
"

open

the

rimonial mat-

possible secrecy."*
offered business

Don order

de

Mello
the

facilitate

there,
for the

said,

to return

with

full powers
to

Portugal, in not doubting," he completion of the

to the queen-

treaty."
wish looked
for for

Charles
to

wrote

Catharine's

mother,

regent, and
the

king marriage ;
of
the

the

her
and

brother, letters
also to

upon convoy

as

his betrothed

wife.

expressing his herself, as to a lady he He assigned two ships

with his wife and

the

ambassador,

who,

The of the news family, immediately set sail for Lisbon. ance allithe preliminaries for this in which auspicious manner with been had great opened filled the court of Lisbon rewarded was joy. The diplomatic skill of don Francisco da Ponte, and he was the title of count with despatched to the to conclude marriage. He England with full powers in London, arrived January, 1661, but found an unexpected of his reception,or rather change in the manner tion, non-recepfor leave to

he

could

not the earl from with

obtain

an

audience

from

the to

king,

or

present

repliesof
of
a

the

royal family
court

Charles's

letters.
had

Digby

Bristol, Clarendon's
visit to the of the with

great enemy,

just returned
matrimonial
"

Spain, and

in

his first interview

the

treaty
valued

Clarendon,
and
accordance

himself

king penetrated the secret of This earl," says Portugal. the on faculty of perplexing
"

obstructing everything
with
this and had

in which

he

had

no

hand." went
was
on

In to

amiable

propensity, he
him of what

the

Spanish ambassador,
on.

informed

going
of

That

envoy,

who

established

himself
took

terms

great familiarity with remonstrating

with him

king
on

Charles,

the

subject of his with Portugal ; and finding his arguments made no impression on the king, he began to depreciate the person of the infanta, saying that she was deformed, had bad health, and it was that well in Spain and known Portugal that
"

the

liberty of friendly negotiations

she

would

never

have

children." for

"

These

discourses

greatly
Catharine

abated of

Charles's He

inclination broke

marriage

with

Braganza.
1

off his

negotiations with
"

Portugal,

Clarendon.

Ibid.

CATHARINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

171
of the
bassador Spanish amrecommending,

and

inclined
to

so

far
a

to

the

persuasions
of

take the

consort

his
on

master's
a

as

to

send

earl

of

Bristol

secret

mission

to the

city of Parma, to of qualifications

ladies,of whom
was

obtain the had

two
a

information

he
to his

regarding the personal princesses. One sight of these view as they were going to church,
the

sufficient
taste
so

convince

earl
One not
was

that
was

neither
so

would

suit the

the other

of

royal
he
a as

master. dared

fat, and
risk
a

ugly, that
either
to

incur
so

the

of

mending recom-

prince who
Charles.'
the

great

connoisseur

in

female

beauty
of to to

When
iU
success

Yatteville,
Bristol's

attempt

offering
that would

prevent portion
attend him to

the Spanish ambassador, learned of discovery, he made bold a voyage the Portuguese alliance, by actually

Protestant the

bride

for

Charles.
and and

He

theticall pa-

enlarged

on
a

inconveniences

Catholic

or

of

the

marry elector

made from

inquiries of several

marriage, a daughter of the of Charles, meantime, Saxony. who had latelyreturned persons

unpopularity ommended earnestly recmark, king of Den-

of woman infanta the manner Portugal, as to what a really was, and received description of her very different from the prejudiced representations of the Spanish envoy and his
creatures.

This

decided

him

to

show
who been

little
fallen upon

more

courtesy
with and

to

the

Portuguese ambassador,
at

had

sick him of
monstrances re-

vexation

the

contempt
the
fickle in

that

had

put

his

princess by
from

monarch.

The
elicited who

renewal
fresh
was

friendly communications
weary of
his interference

that

quarter

Vatteville, and
and

Charles,

really

importunity, began to evince the some haughty euvoy impatience. Then changed his rected diHe was said, in plain words, that caressing tone, and by the king, his master, to let his majesty know, should if he the that a proceed towards marriage with daughter of his rebel, the duke of Braganza, he had orders his leave to take presently, and declare war against him." coming took fire at this impertinence, and Charles replied,with beHe that he liked, as might be gone as soon spirit,
" " ^

Clarendon.

172
and

CATHARINE

OF

BKAGANZA.

that
to

he would

not

receive in

orders

from

the

Catholic

king
next

how The

dispose of
ambassador

himself found

marriage.''
had gone
too

he

far, and

the

his majesty, and, after flattering day waited many upon him of his royal an offer,in the name expressions,made been he had her whom once master, of endowing eager to Henrietta of Orange, motives of pure from affection, marry with a portion equal to a daughter of Spain.' Any proposition for
him

making
in the

her
season

his of

queen

whose

hand

had

been

nied de-

to adversity always appears have excited an indignant feelingon the part of Charles, the proffered could nor adoption of Spain gold and political His his pique against her. overcome misgivings as to the of Braganza, however, caused personal defects of Catharine him and still to waver, riage-treaty. delay the completion of the marfrom Prance Meanwhile, a specialmessenger from Louis a XIY., arrived, with private communication to the Portuguese expressing regret that any obstruction match should have was a arisen, as the infanta lady of and that he had admirable endowments, great beauty and serious formerly had thoughts of marrying her himself, by complaisance for the queen, only he had been deterred his mother that alliance." a (who was Spanish princess),from concluded He with offer of 300,000 pistoles, to an and relieve king Charles of his pecuniary embarrassments,
" "

his

an

intimation in

that

he
with

could
the

not infanta

do

better
of

than

to
'

bestow

Portugal." Though Louis had married to his interest a Spanish princess,it was of Spain from to prevent his brother acquiring a formidable of power preponderance in the balance by the acquisition did of Portugal ; he therefore his best to provide donna Luiza with son-in-law who would be able and a willing to
himself

marriage

espouse
1

her

cause.

Charles

was

also reminded

that
at

Catha-

Clarendon.
out

The

Spanish amhaasador, being greatly

to

irritated
in
to
on a

was

of

his power
with

breali the French

marriage,
This the very

vented

hia rage

finding it pitched battle superior

wharf,
lives Tower Several

for

precedency
he

the

ambassador,

D'Estrades, place
in force

whose the

diplomacy
on were

attributed of the
were

the treaty.

battle took Swedish

inferior

the

occasion

the

lost,but victory,
and

public entry of Spaniards, though

loudly
cheered

ambassador.
to the
'

French, got
Clarendon.

the

by the populace.

174
use.

CATHAEINE

OP

BRAGANZA.

That

the

fleet which to

was

to be take

sent

for

the

princess
of

might go first majesty having

said,
on
"

Tangier,

and

possession
who
sent out

it, her

removed

the

old

governor,

was," she another,

humorous

and [meaning perverse],

compliance she could depend to deliver that place She had taken similar into his majesty's hands. tions precauwith regard to Bombay, and furthermore, to give the possible to do of her confidence greatest proof that it was
whose
in his

honor, she would

was

send
as

the

infanta, unmarried,
before been

to

him,
in

which any
The

such

trust

had

never

reposed

prince."
to

ing
proxy

by

the

ofPerof Catharine mother politic dispense with the usual security of a marriage by for her daughter was, that the papal see, overawed the pendence indeof Spain, had never acknowledged power
true
reason

of

the

Portugal and the royal title of either Juan IV. ander, don or Alphonso ; consequently the reigning pope, Alexshe have to whom must applied for a dispensation for the infanta to contract marriage with a prince of the reformed without which the ceremony could not religion, be performed in Portugal, would mentioned her only have the daughter of the late duke the sister of Braganza, and as
of
of the

present.

This

would

have

been

more

injurious to
could
"

the

royal family of Portugal than anything that done been of Spain. by the fleets and armies
says
most the not

have

So

that,"
send and

Clarendon, jealous

"

before
in

they would
the world to

receive

that rather in

affront,the
to

nation of the

chose

daughter
to be

kingdom
till she
came

be married
thither."

England,
on

married

Charles,
and of
a

his

part, wisely avoided

that

all

the

inconveniences

offences olic Cath-

might
queen

have

arisen

at the

coronation of

Eoman

inauguration of Braganza with Catharine performed had taken place. He was crowned, with great splendor and universal St. on rejoicing, George's day, April 23, 1661. On the 8th of minster, at WestMay the new parliament met and dressed adwas opened by the king in person, who them in a long and interesting speech from very the throne the ; in which, after reminding them that it was
before
his union

by having

the

ceremonial

his

CATHARINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

175

anniversary

of

the

day

on

which

he

was

proclaimed,

and

them to forget all former divisions and live recommending them his royal to peaceably together, he communicated intentions with regard to his marriage in the following jocose manner :
"

"

I will
very

not

conclude

without you, and

telling you
therefore

some

news, think

"

news

that

I think and

will ill-

be

acceptable to
if I did
was now

I should I have

myself unkind
in mind
ever

natured

not

impart
to

it to you. and

been

that into
many could

it

time But have

marry,

I have

thought
if I

so

put myself
in

by

my

friends I
came

since

England.
overtures

there been choice may desire

appeared
made
to
me

difficulties
; and

enough
should could
to
see me

the

choice, though
marry until of any I

never

make

such

against
you I do.
am

which would
can now

there live

be
an

no

foresight
old that I

inconvenience I think
to marry, you but of do

that
not

ensue,
to

bachelor,
am

which

tell you, marry. aU

not

only

resolved

with

whom
. .

I
.

resolved And I wiU

to

If God the haste

please, it
I
can

is with

the
you
me

daughter
u.

Portugal.

make

to

fetch her
to

queen

hither, who, I doubt

'

not, will

bring great blessings

with

and

you."

parliament voted and presented addresses of congratulation to his majesty the next day. This was announced in due form to the Portuguese ambassador by Clarendon, who paid him a state-visit on this occasion, the are particulars of which brieflyrelated by don Francisco in the following letter to the de Mello tugal, king of Poryoung
Catharine's
"

Both

houses

of

brother

"

Senhob
"

"

This

day the grand chancellor bearing

be his with the

came

to
are

see

me

with
mace,

great pomp,
and Britain made been
come
a

two

of

his

gentlemen
purse
is much
to

insignia, which
arms

gilded

crimson
; and

velvet

embroidered

of his it has

majesty
not

of Great been had

this visit
other
bassador. am-

valued, because brought

and will
me

hitherto

to

any
to

He
houses your at the of lords

the

resolutions

which
which

by

the

two

commons,

copies
the

of

accompany
which
most

this all
serene

letter,whereby England lady guard

the shows infanta

majesty
wise of

perceive
which

general approbation
has made of his and the God vassals

choice

this

prince

to be

queen
of

these

kingdoms.
as

prosper
desire

actions, and
have
need Conde

royal

person
"

your
23d

majesty, May,

your

of.
da

London,

1661.'

Ponte."

Exactly
Charles
1
'

one

month the

after

the

date

of

this

letter, king
that

II.
of

signed
the Lords.

memorable

treaty

at Whitehall

Journals MS.

Clarendon's

translation

by John
and Provas

Adamson,
in

Real

Portuguesa,

Autobiography. Esq., from Historia Appendix.

Genealogica da

Casa

176
united

CATHARINE

OP

BKAGANZA.

England
as a

and

Portugal
to

in

bond

of

alliance,which
The

has

remained

unbroken

the

present day.
of Catharine

cession

of

Bombay,
gave
to

part of the dowry

her

of

Braganza,
East that

first territorial England Indies, and proved ultimately the mighty colonial empire, with all its

possession in the of adding means

commercial The
of

wealth

and

importance,
secured power reside which
to to
; the
was

to

the

British the

crown.

marriage-articles
her

Catharine fit up
a

free
in

exercise

chapel enjoyment of a
continue
full
were

any

with religion, she might palace where of

settled

income

30,000?.a year,
became
own

to

undiminished

if she
to
so

queenin of

dowager,
that case,

and

if it
was

libertyto return her pleasure

with the

her to

country
The
of earl

do.^

Sandwich

intrusted

command

the

fleet

appointed to take possession of Tangier, and then to bring the royal bride to England. The Spanish ambassador, meantime, although the representativ of a prince who claimed to be called the Catholic in London to raise a by king, endeavored popular clamor circulating incendiary papers, and setting forth an exaggerated arise of the evils that Protestant to might summary from the introduction of His a England popish queen. attempts to excite opposition to the Portuguese marriage the were unavailing ; all classes had beheld with uneasiness exercised the mind of the soverover eign pernicious influence anxious virtuous to see a by Mrs. Palmer, and were their the court, which, under elor bachprincess presiding over ominous resemblance to that an king, began to assume of William it was, of course, Eufus, where impossible for In short, king Charles's to appear. any ladies of character it conclusion that to have to the come loyal lieges seem
was

better all. of
own

at
act

his

than no popish queen queen The ambassador been in the seen Spanish having of the of out throwing some inflammatory papers windows the soldiery, king Charles sent the among to
a

for

him

have

secretary
the realm

of

state

to

him,

with

orders

for to

him
see

to

quit
face

forthwith, without implored, even

1

presuming
with
Keal

his

again.

Vatteville

tears, to be permitted

Historia

da

Casa

Portuguesa.

CATHARINE

OF

BKAGANZA.

177

to

beg
was

his

Charles
and

majesty's pardon in a parting interview; but properly declined receiving his submission, very the departure of so troublesome to hasten a eager
out

busybody
The the conduct

of
and

his

dominions.' purpose which had

marked

demurs

of the during the progress matrimonial to the no treaty had caused slight uneasiness Portuguese. Their politicalexistence, the security of life and the property, appeared to depend at this crisis on British which alliance. The anxiety with they watched the event be seen by the reports of Thomas Maynard may
to
"

of the

changes of royal wooer

sir About

Edward four

Nicholas,

Charles's
in this his

secretary port
three

of

state.'

majesty's intentions to of England make the infanta news (the welcomest queen that to the ever came Portuguese people), and confirmed is by the king's and by the chancellor's speeches. There his majesty hath made doubt both nations no happy very in his choice. The infanta is a lady of incomparable virtue,
news

ships,who

days since brought the

arrived
of

merchant

of

excellent

parts, very

beautiful, and

of

an

indifferent

stature queen,

taller than the [middle height],being somewhat his majesty's mother [HenriettaMaria]." Maynard
on

goes

to

describe

the

Portuguese court fl.eet had Brazilian appeared to protect the homeward-bound merchantmen from the depredations of the Dutch navy, that with mations acclathe of the Lisbon streets so daily rang
"

by

the

delight and gratitude manifested and because the English capital,

of

'

Viva

il rey di
us

Gran
our

Britannia

! whom

God Such

hath
were

raised the

to

protect

from

implacable
doubts conde Charles
with the

foes.'

"

feelingswith which alliance with England. removed by the arrival charged

of for the the with necessary
him

Catharine's
All

country entered
and
da uncertainties

into

the

were

of the from

Ponte
for

in

Lisbon,

full powers

the

arrangements
in two

court

completion of Portugal
conde
was

putting
bearer
one

of
to

possession of his bride. autograph letters from

Catharine,
the other
:

The
his
to

Britannic the
queen-

majesty,
regent
of

donna
"

Portugal

^Clarendon.

original. State-Paper oflfice;

178
"

CATHARINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

Mt
"

Lady This is

and

Mother

"

brought
I
will

by

the him

good
to

count aet

da

Ponte. from hence

The

marriage
the
most

is

already
quest, re-

ooneluded,
as

and

obliged
be

forth
me

by
the

urgent
the
I

he and

thereby greatly
useful his of

aid

in

regulating
the this

arrival

of

queen,
entreat In be of

my your

wife,

likewise will the

excuse

to her

during
returned in order

voyage time

j for which

majesty
concerns

having Portugal,
the

without

orders. may
care

what

affairs

that

nothing
upon
like

therein
the

prejudiced
them,
and

from

the

absence
him
aa

of

count, I ahall take

whilst he
on

myself by
me

thus

represent
to

here,
my

does his all may

the

in

that

dom. kingbe from j

With

regard
to the

him

minister

arrival, your
he may God many state

majesty
as

will

good enough
me

give

entire

and

royal
of my

faith

to

coming
me

touching
may He
"

quick

return

wife, who,
likewise who kisses

bring
years

to

in health

and

your preserve of your The son

majesty majesty,
1661."

for the your

I desire.

hands,
"

Carlos,

Rbx.

"London,

the

2d

of

July,

epistleto hie betrothed specimens of a royal love-letter

Great
"

The

is

one

of

the

most
a

ever

penned by

elegant king of

Britain
Ladt
and

"

Mt
"

Wife
my

"

Already,
the

at

request, the
time
;

good
has him may

count been
one

da

Ponte

has

set

off for Lisbon

for me,
to

signing of the
at this

marriage
after

be

despatched
appear

great happiness, and there is about what of my servants, charged with declared,
when
on

would

necessary this

whereby

be

my

part,

the

sible inexpreshasten the

joy coming
"

of

felicitous

conclusion, which,
short
my into

received,
of

will

of
am

your

majesty.
to

going
whilst I

make I go

progress
most

some

my

province
I do not
;

; in

the

mean as

time,
to whither the that
to

from

sovereign good, yet

my in these

go,

seeking
of

in vain

in tranquillity

restlessness

complain hoping to
your own, I desired
me

see

beloved
with
see

person
the
same

your

majesty
and their of

kingdoms,
my

already
also for my
to

and

anxiety with them,

manifested

which,
my most your

after

long banishment,
behold

myself
the world.

within

subjects, desiring
ardent

amongst
known us, under

them, having
to

wishes
is

return, well
to unite

The

presence
in

serenity
and

only wanting
I desire.

the

protection of God,
to the

the
and

health

content

I
count

have
da

recommended

queen,
here which the

our

lady
has be

mother, the business

me, in

of the
as

Ponte, who, good

the in this not end.
"

I must

avow,
cannot

served
mine

what

I regard
of

the

greatest majesty
;
to

world,

less than

it is that

your
on

likewise
same

forgetting
faithful

good

Richard

Russell,* who majesty,

whose

labored

his

part

The

very

husband

of your

hand
"

he

kisses,
Rex.

Charles, lady,
whom

"London,

2d
"

of To

July, 1661."
the

Addressed,
preserve."*
*

Queen

of

Great

Britain,

my

wife

and

God

Richard
donna
am

Russell

was

bishop
He research

of

Portalegre, in Portugal, and

to

almoner in this

to

the

infanta
*

Catharina.
to the

seems

have

been

secret

agent

marriage.

indebted

and

liberalityof

that

accomplished Portuguese

CATHARINE

OP

BRAGANZA.

179
ratified
queen court wedded She at

As

soon

as

the

marriage-treaty
assumed
in if she she

was

Lisbon,
of with
wife
was now

the

infanta

Catharine
was

the her had

was

title of

Great the
of

Britain, and
same

treated
as

brother's been the

formal

respect
to

the

sovereign
to

whom from

betrothed.

suffered she had

emerge

the

conventual

seclusion of

in which

passed the first morning flower occasionally in public. Maynard

of to

and life,
a

gives
"

appear favorable

to

report he, "be

her

character

and

temper
a was

in his

official communications We

Charles's

secretary of

state. queen.

shall,"writes
is
as

extremely happy in dispositionedprincess as ever parts, but bred hugely retired. times out of the palace in her
was

She
a

sweet

not

out to

of
make

doors, until
her to

lady of excellent She hath hardly been ten she life. In five years' time tentions she heard of his majesty's inof Great
Britain in
; since

born,

queen
two

which very
in

she

hath

been

visit to

saints

the
to

city, and
some

shortly she intends the country."

The
account

pay

her

devotions

saints

of the of the

first merry

use

made

of her

simple bride enough, and

were was

monarch different her the

shows of

how
the

libertyby the is certainly amusing notions of pleasure

over

from destined

those to

ladies

of

court

which

she

the
of
a

far

alas ! had the education little, preside. How fitted her become to and pursuits of poor Catharine of a prince like Charles II.,and the queen companion nation where at that time, considered infidelity was, for a superstitious reverence more pardonable than
or

saints,
duties. which

the which

practice
Catharine

of

any had

of those
been

little
to

"

fond

servance obas

taught

regard

Ignorant, however, of all the difficulties with future her beset, Catharine anticipated,. path was
these and

scholar, J. Adamson,
in

the

Esq., of Newcastle, for copies of they were written, original Spanish, in which
Robert Kerr
to the to Mr.

interesting letters
late

to my

lamented

Mend,
for

sir

Porter,
reader.

his

cousin,
for the

for the

translations

here
that

presented
I add
my

the

first time

It is with

unfeigned

gratitude

acknowledgments
from his
own

Adamson,
records most

elegant translations
historical

from

Important assistance I copious store of inedited

with
me.

have

derived

Portuguese
of

documents

and with

connected

the

life of

Catharine

Bra^

ganza,

which

he

has

kindly supplied

A.

S.

180
with
to

CATHAEINB

OP

BBA6ANZA.

feelingsof hope
her
new

and
and the to

pleasure,her approaching
both arrival convey her
mother

transit herself

country,
for
was

and

waited
and

impatiently
fleet that
"

of the her

earl of

Sandwich,
of
"

the

to the

shores

land. Engvery

The for

anxious
at
sea

queen-mother," writes her daughter to embark,

winter and

Maynard,
that
admiral

is

she

in the

season."

But

the

be not may of that brave

fleet had

high

his instructions
was

important enterprisesto perform before him It allowed the royal bride. to receive
had done cleared
the

not

till he

Mediterranean
to and the Tunis

sea

of

the
sels ves-

pirates,who
of all

had

great mischief
British

merchant
the

nations, taught Algiers

to

respect

possession of flag,and taken of his sovereign, that the gallant earl Tangier in the name of Sandwich the at libertyto enter to was bay of Lisbon there. His sails appeared at length, perform his mission in a happy hour for Portugal, which then threatened was with a formidable invasion from hostile Spain. The army its march to town was near already on besiege a seaport have Lisbon, which, not being prepared for resistance,must the followed with fallen,and its capture might have been most disastrous to the long-struggling realm. consequences The of the English fleet caused terror the Spanish forces to retire with and Catharine precipitation, enjoyed the proud consciousness the of having been guardian-angel of her She doubtless drew the country. bright auguries from auspicious circumstance, that the first result of her marriage
was

that

due

the

was

to preserve to her

the

crown

of How

and

freedom
in her of

country.
bounded the

Portugal to her family exulting must every

idea,while
the gay of all
on

pulse hopes
around

frame

have
and

at that

youth,

representations flattering
to

her, contributed

throw

deceptive
to

sunshine

destiny. romantic history of the have was been plighted must imagination of a princess bred
The the female heart vivid

her

future

monarch
a

whom theme

her

hand
to

captivating

the
serves pre-

in that generous

seclusion

which of

feelings and
first

sympathies
the

the

in their

bloom, long after

period when
faded
their

collision with

the

cold, selfish world

might

have

182

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

' The displeased." lady who was, of course, most displeased with the preparations for the reception of the the king's mistress, the beautiful Mrs. Palmer, was queen, whom he had of a countess, by to the rank lately elevated With earl of Castlemaine. creating her reluctant husband this bold bad the king, though now woman professing to He married as a regard himself passed all his time. man, to outrage supped at her house every night, and continued all propriety by the attentions her both he lavished upon in public and her to reconcile private. He had endeavored

office, are

to
as

his
one

marriage, by promising
of the ladies
of

that

she

should
to

be

appointed
which

the

bedchamber

his

queen,

constant give him opportunities of being in her Charles was society.' While preparing, by this disgraceful in the bridal compromise, to plant thorns garland of his confiding consort, and to destroy all hopes of conjugal happiness the earl for himself, the arrival of his representative, of Sandwich, at Lisbon, was celebrated with the greatest of joy. manifestations Magnificent displays of fireworks, took illuminations, and bull-fights place on this occasion, and the her approval of the conde queen-regent, to mark da Ponte's him of the negotiation, created management marquez de

would

Sande.'
and

Very
attended

formal
the

elaborate

were

the

ceremonials

that

acter reception of the earl of Sandwich, in his charof ambassador-extraordinary from his Britannic esty majconduct the As the fleet to to England. as soon queen entered the Tagus, the king of Portugal sent don Pedro de in Almeida, the comptroller of his household, to visit him his ship,attended by his suite,all richly attired, occupying two barges. As don Pedro's barge, which was mented, highly ornaapproached the ambassador's ship, his excellency, who in waiting, descended to the last step of the ladder was to receive time with him, saluting him at the same twentyOn seated seven entering the cabin, don Pedro guns.

'

Letter

from

the

earl

of

Northumberland

to

the

earl
^

of

Leicester

Sidney
of the

Papers.
"

Clarendon. of the

Relaoion

de

las

Fiestas, at Lisbon,
Charles

on

the of

oocasion
Great

marriage

infanta, donna

Gatalina,with

king

Britain.

CATHARINE

OF

BEAQANZA.

183

himself

taking off his hat, delivered the message of the king, signifying the pleasure his excellency's arrival his majesty. Then another gave salute of twenty-seven guns was bassador fired,and the English amresponded, with equal solemnity, how deeply he
rose, felt the

in the

best

chair, then

and

honor

that

had

been

conferred
to

upon
the

him. last
on

On

don

Pedro's ladder
into
as

departure, he was by the ambassador,

bark,
One
and

conducted
who with took

step of the

leave
same
was

his

stepping
of

his before.

saluted of the

the
coaches

number
sent marquez to

guns

royal

the

ambassador
in the

to

the

apartments
had
was

of the been

convey Castello
for him

Eodrigo
and his

palace, which
he

prepared
with

suite,where
He made

entertained

cence. great magnifiby

the
quez mar-

his
chief

public entry,
steward

conducted

de

Grouvea,
there

of
of

the
the

He is

had

personal

audience
the from him

royal king, but

household.'
the if
we

reader

spared the detail of form an opinion of them

were

formalities,which,
the
and the

may which

narration
don

of those
de

enacted

between
have

Pedro

Almeida,

must

almost

rivalled
take

elaborate

and genuflexions

into place at a first introduction of China. the presence of his celestial majesty the emperor the of honor Two his excellency had days afterwards mistress being presented to the queen-regent and his new

prostrations which

the
now

queen

of

Great

Britain,

as

the

infanta

Catharine
his

was

he styled,to whom written in Spanish, fuU At

delivered of tender

letters from
and

sovereign,

this

audience
of rank her

Sandwich
to queen

endearing expressions. presented some English gentlemen

had

Catharine, who

been

appointed
she
Lato
firmed con-

officers

of

their

by her royal lord, and appointment by admitting them

household
and fetes,rejoicings, all went

their

several

ofBces.' but
and

Nothing
and the

illuminations till the

were

seen

heard,

smoothly

disbursement

of

mentioned, when, like royal bride was a maternal diplomatisteof less exalted rank, the queenmany mother was compelled to confess her inability to make She told the good the golden expectations she had raised.

portion

of

the

Hist.

Oasa

Real

Portugueaa.

'

Ibid.

184
earl of

CATHARINE

OP

BEAGANZA.

Sandwich,
of the
late to

with advance
use

many

been

compelled
portion
in

the

apologies," of the Spanish provided money

that
army,

in

quence conse-

she

had

for her

ter's daughrealm

raising troops for the defence of the ; that she was so down, with only able to pay half the sum which she hoped his majesty would rest satisfied, pledging
herself
ration the residue within the year." ' This decla^ pay threw the ambassador into great perplexity. His to
were more a

instructions
no
one was

to receive

the

whole

of

the

portion, and
much
his

fully aware
million

than

himself

how

the

promise of half

sovereign to contract placed in a greater state who was plenipotentiary,

in
a

had of money this marriage.

influenced

needy

Never
than
on

was

of embarrassment
doomed to extreme act

any man the luckless responsibility He had

his

own

delicacy. already taken possession of Tangier, which, by-the-bye, in of the finesse employed by the queen-regent consequence in securing its peaceful delivery to the English, had very had of the Moors. He left an nearly fallen into the hands
matter

of

such

English garrison there,

the expense
of

and them

could
back

not
to

think

of

incurring

his resolve

sailor,for
value board
a

than his

After all, England. that and of a kind-hearted was gallant English he considered the lady of more he signifiedthat her her on dowry by consenting to receive half than the portion, rather ship with put such

bringing

mortification

upon the

her

as

to

leave had

her

behind.

If

even

the

moiety

of of

Catharine Charles but and when her

large sum Braganza had

not
came

would
it

have
to the

promised with been paid in gold or cruzadoes, had much to complain ; so cause upshot, the artful queen-regent
it in the
form

that

been

Jew

factors

delivered other

of

bags

of

sugar,

spices, and

merchandise.

The

ambassador there

vainly protested against this imposition,but he found was he nothing else to be got, except jewels, which
refused valuation receive merchant that them
in
on

tively posi-

to

accept,
been board

or

the fixed

merchandise upon
as a

either, at the

had

his
who
'

ships
should

London,

be

agreed to consignment to some by the empowered

them, but

Clarendon.

CATHAEINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

185
the

queen-regent
money which

to

take

them

had
of

been

bulk, and stipulated. In

and to
was

in

pay

king
with

the

conclusion, Diego
sent the

Silvas, a Jew

great wealth
who
of
was

credit,was
settle the

goods
the
same

as

supercargo, officers
a

account

with

king's
time

the

bond
of

for the space of

payment
a

the

At the exchequer in London. of Portugal given by the crown other moiety of the portion in the

year.
now

Everything being
her N.

departure
S. She
left

in

the

arranged, the following order, on

of the the

royal
the
23d

bride of

took

the

antechamber her

immediately by
and

brothers,

April, lowed queen-mother, folking of Portugal

of the

the

infante and

don

Pedro, the
to the to hall

officers

household,
staircase
At

grandees,
the staircase
met

fidalgos. They
leads the

descended

the

of the

queen's apartments
which

of the of
was

Germans.

court this

the

for her

by the queen-regent, and as taking leave of her mother,

hand,
her to

she asked
would

chapel she was the place appointed permission to kiss

consent, but
both
the
bracing em-

which

the her
a

queen

not

her, gave
nor

her
tear

mother
it

shed

blessing.' N'either at parting, though

ladies,and
who
even

Catharine
must

have

felt

deeply

; but

their

nobles is

who

witnessed

it,wept
has

plentifully. This
poet
every
an

circumstance
in the that
'

noticed

by

contemporary
recorded
in

saUed

Eoyal

Charles,' and
with formal ; or, the
"

incident

occurred,
Iter Lusi-

minuteness,

heroic

poem says
in

called
:
"

tania

Portugal Voyage."
the
two

He

Here

queens

took

leave, but
masculine,

such
court. tear

sort,

As

with

amazement
more

filled the

thronged
no

Their From Art Like Of

carriage
either

than

of their

majesties appear
state and
reason

conquered nature,
two

stood,

the flood to restrain great oonsulfl, and ne'ertheless, affection,which, passion

in sad

Appeared

but

prudent

comeliness.

Hist.

Casa

Real

Portuguesa. 1662;
and lane.

Original translation, by J. Adamson,

to their sacred

Esq.,

of
*

Newcastle. Printed queen

at

London,

dedicated embellished

majesties, king Charles

Sold
at the

II. and of the

Catharine,
in

with

their

portraits.

sign

Bible,

Chancery

186
A

CATHAEINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

scene

so

solemn, that the standere

and

by,

Both

lords this

ladies, did that

concourse

want
one

supply

In

great
a

every them in

appears
tears."

Paying

tribute

to

their

Catharine
was

having
led the made between

received

her
two

royal

mother's
the

last

brace, em-

her

brothers,
she
entered

king
it,she

and

the

infante, to
about
and

coach.
a

Before

turned

to the queen-mother, profound reverence her children before reiterated her blessing, and retired who The king gave the right-hand seat to got into the coach. his back with the infante Catharine, and placed himself horses. attended to the by the chief of the They were nobilityin splendid carriages and costly dresses, the captains of the guard following,and covering the royal carriage.

The

procession passed
of

on

to

the

cathedral

between

two

infantry,the streets being lined with soldiery All this time and adorned with were triumphal arches. heard repeated salvoes of artilleryfrom the fortresses and shipping in the river, and the ringing of the bells from all and the monasteries parish-churches in the city. Dancers,
columns
with

music,
of St.

also

met

them

in the

streets.

It

was

the

tival fes-

circumstance of Catharine's the George, and embarkation taking place on that day (St.George being the orated patron of Portugal as well as England) is commemin the chronicler of her by the rhyming voyage lines : following pompous
"

"

St. G-eorge He
This feared
no

was

this day

mounted could

in find

such
no

state,

dragon,
i* the

and

mate.

day
any

surmounted

other
calendar

as fefists,

far

As

festival

Does

other

days.
for

The

Portugueses
and !'

vaunt

St. G-eorge their

'

guardian England

tutelar

saint,
"

St.

George her
was

too, the

English at nine the

cry."

Catharine

and

brothers

arrived

o'clock occasion.
The the

at the

cathedral, which

entering the
party retired
of

richly decked principalchapel, Te Beum

behind
the
as

for
was

On

sung.

curtain, giving always

queen-consort
of the
of

royal place

honor

to
mass

Catharine,
the and

Great chief
the

Britain. equerry reformed

During
and

English
other

ambassador,

comptroller,

Englishmen

CATHAEINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

187
their the

who religion, mistress of the

to

had

come were

in the

England,
coach,

fleet to accompany in invited to walk

new

cloisters
turned re-

cathedral.'
to the

Mass
and

being finished,the royal family

proceeded
decorated with
to

the

Terreira

da

Pa^o

through
cloth
of

streets

richly
adorned

gold, and
of
in

damasks, silks,and ent triumphal arches of differof the

with

orders

architecture.
formed

Statues
an

bride

and
of

groom, bridethe

regal robes,
which

attractive

part

geantry pa-

with
as we
are

Lisbon
the author

greeted
of the progress

told

by

departing princess, Portugal Voyage, in his

to the

her

of description
"

Catharine's passed
the

water-side

"

Th\i3

king,
infanta

with

all his main

we

royal train,
;
see
:

Conducting
Thus

the

to the

England's

representative
her

Attend, receive, conduct

And
as

majesty
once

great Trajan triumphed

so

in

Kome

In
Our

ef"gy,

they
with

that

hither in

come, streets

great king

Charles
his

Lisbon
in

might
:

see

Triumphant,
The
r He Both robes the in and solemn

queen

majesty
on

royal ensigns he put day

of

his coronation

his princely portraiture, and

in

she

her

person

and

her

effigy."

the Pa^o through a garden near procession entered door the dock-yard, where a was opened in the wall for the of the royal family only ; all the grandees who passage in the suite having to alight and were proceed, by another of the door out, which garden, to a pier gayly decked where the reached into the sea royal brigantines lay. All Catharine's who had hand accompanied her kissed queen the mark she embarked of rebefore same spect ; they offered he declined to the king, but it,out of courtesy to his entered the splendid brigantine or then sister. Catharine had been prepared for her, being assisted by barge which led her by the hand. The infante the king her brother, who when followed seated, the English them, and they were and comptroller of the queen, ambassador, chief equerry, who other with were gentlemen of honor English,came

The

next, and

after

them
1

the
Hist.

marquez
Real

de

Sande, who

was

re-

Casa

Portusuesa.

188

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

land, appointed ambassador-extraordinary from Portugal to Engto other and four were Portuguese grandees, who the queen The oflBcers of the royal to England. accompany the had followed king, household, and the nobility who gan in other As boats.^ the royal brigantine besoon as were were to move repeated onward, the salvoes of artillery till she came ship,the Eoyal alongside the English admiral's
Charles, which
men.

carried
was

eighty
then

brass

cannon

and mount

six hundred the

dious commo-

Catharine

assisted

to

The the guns

prepared for her embarkation. fired by she came moment board, a royal salute was on and British fleet, answered by the Portuguese forts,the firingalternately.
ladder which had been
"

Welcomed

she

was

in

thunder,

while
to

the

shore,

By
Our
And

king Alphonso's order,

cannon

strives

outroar

and

our

culverins, which
the

fly, sky
;

fill the

land,

waters,
from

and

the
oaken

Lightning
Proclaim

and the

thunder welcome

each

side

of

our

royal bride." the

Queen

Catharine brother
and

having
to the then who her had

been

formally consigned by
was

king
to

her

admiral-ambassador,

conducted
their

her her. hand

cabin,
The at

royal

brothers her had remain

took
on

leave kissed
in

of

ladies

attended
who to

board

her
her

household

parting, those only being permitted

that of

appointments
with her. of

The
the

strictness

of

etiquette by which
were

the

royal family
should
of her

Portugal
remained

fettered

daughters required that

; but
to

rine Cathaheart
of
companied ac-

have

in her

state-cabin clave

the

the

yet

unwedded and

bride

of

England
of

the

land She

birth

the

companions
to

her

childhood.
even

her

brothers

the

deck, and
to return

to

the

first

step
the

of

the

ladder, where
the

she

lingered,notwithstanding
to

all
till

signs from
and

king
had
the

for her

her

cabin,
for

he

don

Pedro
under

entered

the

themselves

awning.'
the

royal barge, and The king steered

officers of his

seated the
lowed fol-

Pa"o, the boats

with

ladies

and under

suite

him, and all the proving contrary, they

'

fleet could

got
not

leave

weigh ; but the wind That the bay. night

'

Hist.

Casa

Real

Portuguesa.

Ibid.

190
and

CATHAEINB

OP

BEAGANZA.

of the Eoyal Charles, sang galleries the various carols, sonnets, madrigals, canzoni, and epithalamiums that had been composed in honor of her nuptials. ing This afforded would have a charmpoeticalincident, which elicited the of Camoens, subject for the graceful muse who from memorates comthe following stiif heroics English bard of Braganza's bridal Catharine : voyage

coming

under

the

"

"The
"

King's

Last

Eabewbll. that away up

The
All

wind

was

wholly contrary visiting was

had
hlack curtains

day,
; most eyes, o'er the

which when

in

past
closed
were

But And Down

Morpheus
the

night's
comes

drawn

skies,

king

in

's

royal barge amain, train.

was

Incognito, with
To To

his harmonious

sing

his

sister's and

farewell, which
floats

done

ecstasy
our

admiration.
"

Under

gilded galleries he

The

reader
and

may

be

spared

the

trite

allusions
out

to

pheus, Orion, Or-

lines of

Amphion, with which bathos, concluding with

"

he labors
this
to

eighteen more
confession
:
"

modest

I want The Of

both

skill

and and

language
comeliness the the ; but
sent

express

order, melody,
the

this night's action

approaching day
king away."

Silenced

music,

"

The
the the

morning
was

of
little

the

25th

wind bar

favorable in

and

succeeded
Catharine

which

conveyed
of fourteen

and gloriously, though for the voyage, they crossed fleet The getting out to sea. of Braganza to England sisted con-

dawned

men-of-war. such

The noble

queen

was

in and

the

miral's ad-

ship, with
of rest state
were

of

her

attendants in the
same

oflScers
; the

as

could

be

accommodated

vessel

distributed the
the

in the vice-admiral's

and of

Eoyal
queen;

James. three

In
of

the

ship,the Montague was

smaller

ter, Gloucesthe

page equiwere

the

vessels

1000 boxes of sugar, freighted with being part of the her majesty's portion was goods in which transported to her English ofiicers of state England. ward EdAmong were

Montague,
as

cousin

to and

the

earl

of

Sandwich,
of all

who her

acted

her

grand
queen

in-law

equerry, Henrietta

the

comptroller
who made

mother-

Maria,

the

disburse-

CATHARINE

OP

BEAGANZA.

191
Eichard

ments

on

account

of the elect of

king.

Her

almoners

were

Eussell, bishop
Irish

priest.
Two

Her

Portalegre,and don Portuguese suite exceeded

of

Patricio, an
in

number

hundred.

and most highest rank bending unMaria de Portugal, gravity of deportment, donna countess de Penalva, sister to the ambassador don cisco Frande Mello, and donna Elvira de Vilpena, countess de Pontevel, were appointed by the court of Lisbon to chaperon the six noble

ladies

the

royal
young
as
"

bride.

Her

majesty
count

had

also

in

her

suite

ladies, whom
monster,

Hamilton
maids

profanely
of

describes
and
a

six

frights, callingthemselves
who
took

honor,
erness gov-

duenna, another
to

the

title of

these
same

extraordinary
saucy

beauties.
"

Besides
six

these,"

chaplains, four bakers, a Jew perfumer, and a certain officer, apparently without employment, callinghimself her highness's barber." This person office it doubtless, the functionary whose was, to natural was disfigure Catharine's charms, by packing
pursues
were

the

author,

her

luxuriant
so

tresses

into

the
and

outlandish stiff, mirth

at

fashion

which in

excited

much The

wonder task of
worn

her

first arrival

England.
hair would
in the

mode

certainly have
and
a

arranging the side-locks of a lady's II. by the royal bride of Charles baffied the skill of an dresser, English hairfrizeur done would
such have
an

French have
to

suffered

dom martyrand the

rather
The

than

her

injury.

passage

courtly
both her
and

passengers, from sea-sickness

and

England was long and stormy, especially the ladies, suffered

and terror
; but

greatly

Catharine

preserved

courage

dangers of having damaged

to
run

composure the voyage.

some

during
The

all the

inconveniences northwesters

strong
it became wind

of

the

vessels,

necessary mitted per-

into them

Mount's
to

bay,
Lizard

till the
course.

moderating,
It
was

pursue
the of

their

in

this that

bay,
the
to

which
first

is between

and

the

Land's

End,

people of England were their new by the display of fireworks queen, which with coast, and the salutes of artillery she encountered Isle of Wight Off the
attentions the of York's

shown

along
she
was

the
comed. wel-

the
he had

duke

squadron

of

five

with frigates,

which

put

192
to the meet

CATHAEINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

to

sea

his

royal
sent her

sister-in-law.

As

soon

as

he

scried de-

he fleet, to
"

permission replied,that
duke of

kiss

secretary off in a boat to ask hand. ready tact, Catharine, with

his be

York the

delay would immediately put

any of of and

painful to
his of
had

her."

The

off in
master

launch, accompanied
the hold, king's housebeen appointed
master

by
the

duke

Ormonde,
earl of

earl

Chesterfield, who
the

chamberlain,
ceremonies to

Carlingford,

of

the

the

With gentlemen. the royal highness entered de Sande, who had charge of gos awaited his
arrival
on

other earl of Suffolk, and the queen, this brilliant suite,all in full dress, his admiral's the queen,
the deck.

ship.
with
The

The the

marquez other fidal-

queen,

dressed
trimmed

in the

English costume,
silver
to

the

material
in the

white

cloth

with
cabin

lace,was
him."
as
a

seated This

innermost
was

cabinet fitted up

of her very
a

receive

apartment who,

magnificently
throne
all the
a

miniature
for

presence-chamber,
queen, surrounded

with

and

canopy

the

doubtless, amidst her, awaited

brother of
the

formal

etiquette
heart to the

which

with

beating
three

unknown
advanced he but entered.

consort

of the appearance whom her hand was

the

plighted.
meet kiss him her

She

paces beyond The knelt duke

canopy
intent

to
to

when

with

hand,

she

infer that

thority, prevented him, according to our Portuguese auwhich should by raising him in her arms we ; from that she vouchsafed it not a sisterly embrace, were such freedom the rigid rea was serve incompatible with conventual of her breeding and opposed to the customs

of of
"

her

country, and chamberlain, the

her

is

contradicted of

earl

by the Chesterfield, who

of saluted his
the
near

remark says,
tion connec-

that

although James, in consequence with the sovereign,might have

not avail

royal bride,

privilege,out of a delicate and that he might be the regard to his majesty's feelings, first man to offer that compliment to his queen." ' The few minutes returning to her place, remained a queen, in conversation with his royal highness, her almoner,
'

he

did

himself

of

this

Hist. Letters

Casa of

Real
the

Portuguesa.
earl of

Ibid.

'

Chesterfield.

CATHAHrNE

OF

BEAQANZA.

193

Russell,acting as interpreter.
that he should for
a

She
a

then

signed

to the

duke been

seat at

himself her
on

in

fauteuil,which
but
seated

had

placed
touched without
in

him

right hand;
which he

tabouret,
canopy. ; when

he, refusing, she himself at her left,

the

The

duke, while

standing,had

spoken

in the conversation English seated, he continued Catharine understood, it being her mother's Spanish, which native conducted himself language. James amiably very this interview, making at his new sister-in-law surances asmany of

his affection with

to

and

offers of

his

service,to which
the
and duke deliver

she

responded
from
the

much
kiss The

urbanity.^
the

Then
hand

of
a

Ormonde letter

entered,

queen's
who

king.
other
were

lord

chamberlain,
had

the

earl

of

Chesterfield,and
duke
of

noblemen also

accompanied

the

mistress. presented to their new Her had majesty presented the Portuguese fidalgos who attended her to England to his royal highness, explaining who most graciously. On they were, and he treated them

York,

the the

duke duke

retiring, the
endeavored
her

queen to

advanced

three

paces,
"

which should
ness, sweetwhich

prevent, telling her

with replied, do do
to

she

recollect
"

rank." she

Catharine

winning
affection which

that not

wished to

that

out
answer

of

she

was

obliged

;"

an

greatly
her

pleased the duke.' Every day the

brother-in-law,
herself him
to
see

queen

received she
terms
seems

visits to

from have

royal by
he

with

whom

established

on

very

friendly
herself
in

dress her him

the

being requested Portuguese fashion, that

;

and

might
received
"

in so, very

her
on

national

costume,
he
'

she

on

one

occasion

which
in not

complimented
This
so

her, saying,
proves conduct

she

looked Catharine
her

weU
was as

it."

little incident
in

that about her

quite
to
no

perverse

her

dress

Clarendon
her

obstinate

adherence to had

represents, who complains of Portuguese fashions,and her

; which

determination
"her ladies

adopt
told
her

other would

resolution

he

says

be
the

for

and her

quickly majesty's example

would
1

induce
;

dignity English ladies

the

of Portugal, to

follow
made

and

this

imagination
'

had
'

Hist.

Casa

Keal

Portuguesa.

Ibid.

Ibid.

194
such

CATHARINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

an

that impression,
to

the

tailor who

had

been

sent

into

to be admitted clothes,could never her receive or Now, it is possible see employment." any of needle-men, although then ary customthat the employment in England, might be contrary to the strict notions of female propriety in Portugal ; and that Catharine, from natural feelingsof delicacy,might prefer employing a person But in the dress-maker. of her own of a sex capacity find that, even before she landed, she had the good taste we

Portugal

make

her

to

attire herself her afl"anced

and

in

an

of

lord

English dress, to receive the and the gentlemen by whom

she
continued to
wear
"

brother

he

was quested re-

accompanied,
to
see

that
in her

it till he

her

national

costume.
"

On

that

day,"

pursues
the

our

ofiScers
; she

hand gave
and time

money to be distributed Catharine

in which had

Portuguese authority, the queen spoke to all her of the ship, and to kiss permitted them presented a collar of gold to the captain, and to the pilot and master, both for themselves
among the
crew.'' This
was

the

first
clusion se-

the

bay

of

Lisbon.

the oriental state of emerged from since she she had kept herself ever that Mr. Creed, one Pepys affirms

left

of
the
on

lord
queen

Sandwich's
had
nor

secretaries, told been,

and out send all the

him

"

how

recluse
came

ever

put her head would lord's music, and deck,

and sit in
her cabin
"

of

the

never voyage cabin ; but did

love

my

for

it down

to

the

state-room,
The
earl

within

hearing
queen

of
was

it."
a

of

Sandwich

lady
to

and

the her

that the Pepys She now painted well." and English manners,

told

very

agreeable
herself
converse

began
admit the

to conform to de

persons
conde

with
don

in

her de

cabin.

She
and

sent

Pontevel,
de

Francisco

Mello,
of

don

Pedro

Francisco

Correa,
duke of

to return The

the
fleet

duke entered

York's Portsmouth

visit.

May

13th.

The

York's

ship

followed
the
:

the

disembarked,
decorated The

duke she

barge
she shore

Eoyal Charles, and when was ready to hand her into attended was by the countess
of Penalva
several
was

the
her de

queen

richly
tevel. Ponthe be

countess
was :

too

ill to she

leave could

ship,where
carried
on

bled she
was

times

before
ill of

probably

the

same

fever

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

195

which governor persons and

attacked of
in

Catharine

three with

Portsmouth,
their her for
to
new

The days after she landed. the magistrates and leading

on

the

neighborhood,
national the honor her

were

the

beach

to receive her
tachment at-

welcome
to

queen.

Notwithstanding
the Catharine

costume, and
of

jealousy of
had

her the

attendants

Portugal,

good
in
an

sense

make

her coach she English dress, passed through the principal streets, to gratify the eager desire of the people to see her.' She was conducted to the she was received king's house at Portsmouth, where by the
countess and four of

first appearance on and when she entered

English ground

Suifolk, her
ladies
over, lord and had of

principal lady
her

of

the
As

bedchamber,
soon as

other
was

household.
to

this
spatched de-

ceremonial
her

she

wrote

king Charles,
to

and

chamberlain
her

post
letter

London,

to

announce

her
morrow

arrival
she

deliver
mass

to his

performed by
to the duke

her

majesty. On the principal almoner,

The
of
next

lord

Aubigny,
sir Richard and
a

brother

of Eichmond.

day,

Fanshawe
letter from

brought her a message her royal bridegroom,

come welwas

who

When Charles by imperative business. took in the leave of his parliament, assembled banquetinghall at Whitehall, he alluded stowing beto the expediency of their attention immediate on reforming the dirty state of the metropolis before of their the expected advent new with in modern unknown a jocose familiarity royal queen,

detained

in London

speeches.
mind to

"

The

mention

of

my

wife's

arrival

desire

her

entrance than

compliment you to put that be made into this town may

ways you
will would
to
now

in puts me her, that upon with

more

cency de-

the pray

suffer

it to

be ; and laws

to that
as are

purpose before may On

not

quickly pass

such

you,
find

in order

the

mending

those with

Whitehall
of

surrounded

ways, water."

that

she

the

news

rang, The there other

and
was
no

king
was

door

in

don queen's landing, all the bells in Lonbonfires kindled for joy of her arrival. were that night,but supping with lady Castlemaine bonfire at her door, though at almost every the street, which," says Pepys, much was the
" "

Hist.

Casa

Eeal

Portuguesa.

196
observed."
on
a

CATHAEINB

OP

BRAGANZA.

About

three
the

weeks

before,
bride's of

when

the

bells

rang
was
a

false

fierce

report of quarrel between

on

royal
the

arrival, there
Eichmond called
her
come

duchess

and
the

lady
latter to the the ;

Castlemaine,
"Jane
same

which
and

occasion
"

the duchess

Shore,"
end."

said,

she

hoped
was

to

see
no

Unfortunately

there

symptom

of

at court credit woman's of this bad slightestabatement for the king, notwithstanding his matrimonial engagement,

continued

to dine

and

disgrace and the regret affectionately-worded however, gallant and while she remained consort day to his betrothed
loneliness,waiting for
was

her day, to his own every sup with He of all his faithful friends. wrote,
letters in

every
maiden rine Catha-

his

arrival

at

Portsmouth.
third

unfortunately attacked,
sore

the

day
confined
taken

after her
on

her
to

landing, with
her bed. She This
was

throat
was

and

fever, which
to cold

illness
so
soon

attributed
out

board

ship.
think The

of
the

danger
king
of

that

it necessary

to

apprise
the

her

they did not indisposition.

extant of

the

the Portuguese paladin who escorted princess to England, has left a manuscript letter in the Bodleian, giving,with a sketch some liveliness, proceedings of his royal mistress at her first landing

earl of

Sandwich,

in her
*'Mt
"

adopted country.
Lord
the
one
:
"

It is addressed

to

Clarendon

"

ever-honored

Yesterday
to

duke's word

letter to the

was

sent

in
our

so

great
arrival. of and

haste

that
me

had

scarce

time

scribble

king

of

Give
voyage very
;

leave

to

gratulate con-

with
time is the
was

your

lordship the
queen
the other

happy
is of

success

the
in

that,

after

some

and

the difficulties,

safely landed
her

good health,
over

which

wonderful, considering
stormy
out

length

majesty's passage
to
a

the

sea,

and
ever

weather,
made

and door

disaccommodations Tour your

person

that

scarce

of the
and at

palace
your

before.
that Her

majesty,
arrival

excuse

lordship'sletter lordship did not

is

I delivered attend

unto

her

her

majesty's
your

Hampton
as

Court.

majesty
of

abundantly
she will

lordship'skindness
gratitude
own
can

from

the

beginning
your
to

this

possessed with and affair, expresseth as

write
shall
so

much her
as

I and

can

possibly tell
me

lordshipj
convey advice follow the will

much done directed

with
as soon

hand,
be. I

give

the her

honor

it,which
your

be

have

told

majesty

lordship
only
queenin

by Mr.
all

Montague
will
her
cast

; she

accepts thereof, and

upon
me

it,not
the

this,but
of that

along
had

herself

your
assure

mother, bade
"

lordship'scouncil; lordship that it your

charge.
she
came

regent

Portugal,
she

should

be so, and

given her daughter

The

to your
soon as

queen, other

as

to and

her

lodgings,
them

received this

my

lady Suffolk
to
come

and

the

ladies

very

kindly,

appointed

morning

and

198
for that

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

earl of
could

purpose, Sandwich

which
and

occasioned the
duke

some

perplexity
before the

to the

of

York

matter

satisfactorily arranged. mouth arrival at Portstill five not It was days after Catharine's Charles that her aflSanced lord prepared to seek her. the prethe 19th of May, having supped on left London on ceding evening at the house of his imperious mistress, the
be
countess

of of

Castlemaine.

He

travelled

the

first

day

in the

duke

Northumberland's
and

coach, accompanied

Eupert,
reached earl of York's

escorted
in
an

by

troop
and with where the

of thence

his

Kingston

hour,

by prince life-guards. He proceeded in the

of

Chesterfield's

coach,

escort

the

duke

of
at

guards, to Guildford,
the
went the next

he three

slept.
o'clock

He
in

arrived
the

Portsmouth and Sande

and

day, about
waited

noon, afterde

approach in the court. all most He them received graciously,telling the marquez de Sande how much land pleasure he felt on seeing him in Engthe this on They then entered auspicious occasion.' the house, but scarcely had stairs, when they ascended bassador, prince Eupert raised a dispute for precedency with the amand had the ill manners to push before even him, the the and take of the next place of honor king. person The well knew the ambassador, who prerogative of his told office, stopped him, and appealed to his majesty, who him he was in the right,and his petulant kinsman commanded After this reprimand from his to give place to him. the other royal cousin, prince Eupert treated Portuguese the nobles with robing, great politeness while king was of the queen." preparatory to entering the presence Catharine still confined her physito her bed, which was cians would the not permit her to leave, and king, who insisted introduced into her chamber. on seeing her, was
his
The
master

directlyto Portuguese

visit his

bride.

The

marquez

earl

of

Sandwich
and

had wrote

the to

honor Clarendon

of

attending
that the

his

there,
their

royal meeting

between

due with majesties was expressions of afifection, the queen declaring her perfect resignation to the I observed," continues king's pleasure. as he, as much
"
"

'

Hist.

Casa

Real

Portaguesa.

'

Ibid.

CATHAEINE

OP

BRAGANZA.

199
this first interview both

this short hath

we

time with

permits, and
much

I do

believe
on

been
are

contentment

sides,and

that

like to his

addressed

be very happy in this conjunction." Charles bride ia Spanish, and, with the kindest pressions, ex-

the pleasure he signified

would,"
had
not

he

said,

"

have
him

been that

seeing her, which diminished, if her physicians

"

felt at

assured from

there

was

no

cause

of

hension appre-

her
so

were

when his

given with the king

satisfaction

indisposition.'' Catharine's answers much prudence and discretion, that

to

returned at the

his

apartments, he
choice he
had

expressed
made

fortunate

of

queen. Colonel
to

Burnet's

Legge, afterwards History of his

saw

earl Own

of

Dartmouth,
"

in his notes

Charles had
we

first

Times, pretends, that when his bride, he said, that he thought they
bat instead
account

brought
have of
a

him

of

woman."

Fortunately,

very

different

of

the on Braganza made his lord chancellor to autograph letter written by himself the morning of the 21st of May, the day appointed for on the of their nuptials ; and it is certain, that solemnization
if he had

rine impression Catharoyal bridegroom, in an

the

been

at all dissatisfied

with

her

appearance,

the

non-performance of the contract regarding her marriagehave afforded him excellent for an excuse portion would jewels returning her, and aU her boxes of sugar and spices, he was and bills of exchange, to the her mother, as queen of marriage bound not to her by any previous ceremony not pleased with her, there is no by proxy : but if he were Her words. face," says he, is not trusting a man's own exact to be called cellent as a so beauty, though her eyes are exin the least good, and nothing in her face that On the contrary, she hath as much degree can disgust one. and if I have agreeableness in her looks as I ever saw, any I think I which she be must skill in physiognomy, as have, born. Her was as ever conversation, as much good a woman is very I can as good, for she has wit enough, and perceive,
" "

a we

most
are

agreeablevoice.
for

Tou
; in

will wonder
a our

to

see

how

well very agree

acquainted already
I
am

word,
two

I think

myself
will

happy,

confident

humors

200
very lord well

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

together.

I have

not

time

to

say

any

more

; my

lieutenant

That

will tell you the rest." herself found morning Catharine

so

much

amended,

the that determined things being ready, it was take place. Catharine was earnestly nuptials should at once entreated the Eoman Catholic to dispense with ceremonial, inflexible but she was that point, it was as on performed with in her bedroom own by the lord Augreat secrecy Henrietta's almoner, no one bigny, queen being present but the Portuguese ambassador, three Portuguese nobles, and did not know two Portuguese ladies : the lord chancellor of the private marriage. The of the nuptial solemnization did rite in the form of England prescribed by the church take guese Portunot place till after dinner, when," says our by the hand, authority, the king, taking the queen led her into the grand hall or presence-chamber, where was

that

all

"

"

throne

with

two of
as

seats sir

under Eichard

canopy." Panshawe,
the
was

According
who at had

to

the

description honor of acting

ceremonial upper
the end queen, of of the

the

groomsman

to
a

king

the
across

public
the

his

marriage,
room,

rail which

stretched

within

only

entered

the

king,

de and the bishop of London, marquez shawe, PanSande, the Portuguese ambassador, with sir Eichard who had carried the king's troth to Portugal ; but the lower end of the with crowded presence-chamber was the The nobility and aristocracy of the neighborhood. the double themselves on having seated king and queen
,

the

throne,
the

the

secretary,
and

sir John

Nicholas,

before

the

bled assem-

nobles

king
had

had

people, read the marriage-contract which given to the ambassador, and the Portuguese
Sa de

secretary, Francisco

Menezes,

that

which

the

sador ambas-

the king took the king. Then queen and the his troth to her, according to the hand, by plighted form of England. prescribed in the liturgy of the church The merely signifiedher consent, but did not repeat queen the responses, her she could frame not probably because hard in Engwords so unpractised lipsto pronounce many

given

the

'

Extracts

from

the

Journal

of

James

II.,written

by himself, published

in

Maepherson's

Collection.

CATHARINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

201
of

lish,and
Protestant

not,

as

asserted and
a

by Burnet,' out
Protestant her had
contract

contempt
she had

to

bishop
to

rite,since
with

tively posias a

refused

consider

the them

king
man

marriage
wife. of Some York's

till the have

bishop

pronounced
the

and duke

doubted, from

ambiguity

of the

amounted

earl of of

the outward expressions, whether to anything more than this declaration Then Sandwich, who was present, says,
"

ceremony ; but the the

bishop

the declaration mony of matriforth,and made in the Common of the Father, Prayer, in the name the Son, and When Holy Ghost." bishop, in conclusion, that and pronounced man wife, the people joythey were fully live!" The responded, "Long they king rose, may and taking the queen by the hand, led her to his apartments, all the when ladies and of the principal persons

London

stood

court,
The

entered

to

kiss
was

her

hand.
attired in
an

royal

bride
with

English dress,
"

rose

color,trimmed
of

knots

of blue ribbon
of

; these

the at

countess the
clusion con-

Suffolk, her
of the

first

lady

the

bedchamber,
from

ceremony,
as

detached

her

majesty's dress,
the

and

distributed

wedding-favors

among

company,

of York, and the others, as far giving the first to the duke as they would go, to the officers of state, ladies,and persons of quality,not Sir Eichard Fanone.' leaving the queen shawe the her ribbons her on majesty wore says, "All cut to pieces, and one wedding-dress were present every ' had and a ft-agment." We imagine the scramble may Sir Richard competition that took place on this occasion. Panshawe, having performed the important office of bridefor the his to majesty of England, received groomsman in his Garter fees a whole-length picture of king Charles
^

So

little is Bumet
and

to be relied to have

on,

that

te
at

describes Winchester

the first meeting

instead had of

between

Charles and the such that

Catharine

taken

plaee

Portsmouth,
to do with
to

the

archbishop
"

of Canterbury,

who

certainly
; but words words
some

nothing
queen
waa nor

marriage,
a

came

to

perform
would
not

the

ceremony the the

the

bigoted
bear

degree
of the

that

she

say said

of matrimony,

the

sight
the

archbishop.
them
as

The

king only

hastily, and thought

no

the

archbishop
dissolved had been

pronounced given."
'

married
a

persons.

Upon
de

this

to hare consent

marriage,
"

marriage Portagaesa.

facto,
'

to

which

Hist, Casa

of

his Own

Times.

Hist.

Real

Lady

Fanshawe's

Memoirs.

202

CATHAKINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

robes,
with

crimson
a

velvet

cloth

of

state, fringed and

and

laced
two

gold, with
stools
; these

chair, a

footstool
a

cushions, carpet
to

and

other
them

to
were

match, with
altar.
the

Persian

lay
bride

under and

evidently used
He had presence-room

by
a

the

royal
of

bridegroom
with

at the

suite
was

beautiful

estry tap-

hung ; the two altar covers, velvet cloths of the altar,fringed,the surplices, and napkins of fine white linen ; a Bible of Ogleby's print, 800 Common two Prayer books, folio and quarto, with of gilt plate,and 4000 silver plate. of white ounces ounces A velvet did not bed was his right by custom, but this he the safe have.' He to announce was despatched to Lisbon
arrival of

which

of

queen
and

Catharine
her

to

her

mother

the

queen-regent
of

is
a

Portugal, The marriage of duly registered

marriage.
II. and
Catharine church
:
"

Charles
in

Braganza
Thomas

the

parish
words

of

St.

Becket, Portsmouth,
"

in these

Our

most

gracious sovereign lord, Charles

and the to the
most

II., by the

grace

of

G-od

king
sister

of

Great
of the

Britain, "o.,
don the

illustrious don

princessdonna
Juan
were

Catharina,
and

infanta
to

Portugal, daughter present

21st of

deceased of

king
14th

of

Portugal,
at

Alphonso king
May,
father in the in

Portugal,
the

married year of of

Portsmouth

upon

Thursday,

1662, being
of

his

majesty's reign,
dean

by the right
dominions

reverend

God, Gilbert

lord

bishop

London,

of his

majesty's chapel-royal,
and

presence

several

of the nobility of his

majesty's

Portugal."
ia written
on

\_This document

vellum,

in

letters

of gold,^ from her

As
attack

the
of

queen

was

not

quite
the
on

recovered

late

illness, she, by
a

advice
her

of

her

to take

little repose

bed. upon her

tired physicians, reLady Suffolk, who

had
other

from

the

first

day

entered disrobed
and
on

her

duties

with

the

English ladies,
countesses

majesty,
The in

assisted

by
his way,

the

of Penalva the
queen he

Pontevel.

king

took

with supper how much with wedded

her with

bed, showing,
her.'

every

pleased
which the
will

consort

ever, howfeelings, royal bridegroom regarded his newlybe best described by himself, in the
was

The

letter following cheerful days after his marriage :

1

which

he

wrote

to

Clarendon

four

"

Lady

Fanshawe's

Memoirs,

p. 144.

'

Hist.

Casa

Real

Portuguesa.

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

203
"

Portsmouth,
I I cannot

25th

May.

"

My

brother

will
; I

tell
am

you
sure

of

all that
so

passes here, which

to

hope

will be to
you

your

satisfaction

'tis

much
he I

mine

that
man

easily tell
I

how
am

happy
not)
reason

I think

myself, and
a

I mttat

the worst
am

living(which
neyer

hope
were

if I

be not

good

husband.
ours are.

confident
stir

two

humors
till

better

fitted

together than
there
are

We
to

cannot

from

hence
to

Tuesday,
all
our

by

that

not

carts there

be
is
no

had

to-morrow
so

transport
are

guarde-infantas,
me

without
at

which

stirring;

you

not

to

expect

till

Thursday night
"
"

Hampton

Court."

Superscribed Some train

For

the

Chancellor."

authors of of

have

gravely inquired
were,
on

who

this

numerous

guarde-infantas
the

whose and

carting

the

ments move-

majesty

under

the

idea

deputed by the her daughter's morals and manners. They were, the farthingalespertaining to than nothing more of Catharine and the Portuguese ladies by
was

his bride depended, England that they were a troop of grim duennas, of queen-mother of Portugal for the care

of

however,
the robe ward-

whom

she

attended.
a

The

queen's chamberlain,

lord

Chesterfield,

in complaint of the dif"cultythere was he calls them as pleasing the Portingall ladies,'' ; for they about their over-delicate were so lodgings that they refused beds that had been to sleep in any ever occupied by men. Of their royal mistress, however, he gives the following her You credit agreeable description: being a very may is,extremely devout, extremely extraordinary woman ; that of a good discreet, very fond of her husband, and the owner understanding. As to her person, she is exactly shaped, and has a lovely hands, excellent eyes, a good countenance, standing underan pleasing voice, fine hair, and, in a word, is what
" "
"

makes

whimsical

man
"

would

wish make

wife.
run

Yet

fear," pursues

he,
;

all this
if it

will

hardly
I

things
our

in the

right
honest
^

channel
a

but

should,

suppose

court of

will
an

require

new

then the modelling, and friendship will signify more A

profession
than
was

man's

it does

now."
to the of the

pretty token
the
town

of

respect

presented
in the form

new

queen cellar saltwere

Southampton, of of exquisite workmanship, crystal,and the dish supported by

from
1

of

silver

which
four

walls and

eagles

four

Letters

of

Philip, second

earl

of Chesterfield.

204

CATHARINE

OF

BKAGANZA.

greyhounds.'
kind from Paris. to

While

at

Portsmouth,
Henrietta
was

Catharine
on

received her
was

letter of
the

affectionate

congratulation
the

marriage
then at

queen-mother
The

Maria, who
bearer of
terms

earl of St. Alban's Catharine

of this affection

letter,
and lowed fol-

which

queen The

replied in

respect.
at

the

Portuguese ambassador, and all entertained the queen, were by the lord during the sojourn of king's expense

who

had

chamberlain the
court at

Portsmouth.
the 27th, passed left Portsmouth on king and queen Court the on one night at Windsor, and arrived at Hampton of Charles's anniversaries 29th, on which day the twofold

The

birth

and

restoration honor

were

celebrated the

with

more

than

nary ordi-

queen's arrival, and she was of popular reand other tokens bonfires welcomed with joicing. their When their majesties alighted from coach, lines of guards, both foot and alry cavtwo they passed beween and of Ponteval followed by the countesses ; they were
in festivity of

Penalva,
and

the

countess

of

Suffolk, and
The

the

other

ladies

and

officers of the councillors

royal
of
her

household.
were

lord

chancellor, judges,
to

the

congratulate the foreign on queen ministers also there, to offer the were congratulations of their respective courts. Then all the nobility, gentry, and ladies of the court were presented to her, classed according her to their degrees in different rooms, through which of York same majesty passed. The evening the duchess from in her barge to offer her homage London to her came received When she landed, king Charles royal sister-in-law. her at the garden gate by the water-side, and leading her who her to the queen, received her by the hand, conducted
state

all assembled
to kiss her

arrival, and

hand:

in her the

chamber.

The

duchess

offered

to

kiss
in

her her

hand, but
arms

prevented her, by raising her saluting her. The royal family then seated
queen the that

and
near

themselves It is

queen's bed,

and

conversed

with

her.

they
after

then

partook
a

of

Catharine's

favorite

tea, which
soon

became her

fashionable
with
'

refreshment

marriage

Charles

II. ;

probable beverage, in England though not ex-

Pepya.

206

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

top long, and

the of
her out handsomest

turned

aside

very

strangely.
and

She

was

yet of
low eyes,
far this
graceful un-

countenance

of all the

rest, and

though
little too

stature,
teeth ; for

shaped, languishing prettily

her mouth rest

excellent

wronging
the
that

by sticking a lovely enough." It is evident,

had the she

from

account,
the

Catharine
to

ill-taste to
had

resume

the

costume

which of

been

accustomed.

haps Per-

gallant brother-in-law, the had duke of York, as to its becomingness encouraged her duenna and her other to yield to the persuasions of her other. no urged her to wear Portuguese attendants, who II. told the abbess and nuns Many years afterwards, James that don of Chaillot Alphonso, king of Portugal, wished ions to compel his sister, to the fashCatharine, to adhere queen compliments
her
"

of trouble

her
to

own

country, and
the

that ladies
Charles

she
to

had

taken

infinite
had
deavored en-

induce
to

English prevail on king

that

adept it,and
to
use

his dressed any to do

influence in the
stantly con-

with

them

for

French

fashions,

purpose and would

and

; but

the

ladies of

not

hear

other, Paris,
to

sending
the newest

artificers

dress-makers

port im-

modes, as," added

he, "they

to this very

vantage certainlyappeared to much greater adher when she exchanged foretop and farthingale in which for the Lely has depicted her graceful costume Court the galaxy of beauties, in the Hampton among of this biography is the which frontispiece portrait from

day." '

Catharine

taken.

There
in

ing, charmportrait of this queen, still more lightful dethe historical gallery at Versailles, by the same which merits a artist, particular description. Her

is another

eyes,

complexion,
such
as

and

hair has

are

all

beautiful,
"

liant, dark, but brilthe idea of

poetry
or

always

associated

with

Portuguese
ridiculous

Her dered hair, no longer renSpanish donna. guese of her Portuby the periwig arrangement barber
as

frizeur,or
in its natural

he

was

denominated,
a

is shown

from
'

which

beauty, gathered together in the ringlets fall carelessly at

of
a

simple knot,
will. She
the

is

Inedited
of

fragment
France
at

journal

of

the

convent

of

Chaillot, in

secret

archives

the

h"tel

Soubise.

CATHARINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

207

dressed sleeves the

in black
are

velvet, trimmed

with with sleeve

rich

point
ribbons

lace.
to

The show Her

full,but
ruf9.ed
arms
are

looped
cambric

up

black of her

delicate and

chemise.

bosom

both in form and color. perfectly lovely, She has black velvet bracelets, clasped with pearls,on her and holds of orange-blossoms. This is proba bunch arms, ably of her bridal portraits, one painted ere the short-lived beauty of a Portuguese lady had faded, and perhaps, from the smiling expression of her face, during the few brief her the fickle heart days that she maintained empire over of her would No one royal husband. certainlyrecognize, in either than in the one of these portraits, fore bemore any in the late described Strawberry hill collection,the lord Dartmouth, original of the distorted descriptionwhich
not queen contented in
"

with notes and

the
on

simile

of

the

bat, has
"

left

of

this

his

he,
one

very of her

short

fore-teeth
was

and

besides, she
an

She was,'' says History. broad, and of a swarthy complexion ; stood held up her upper out, which lip, proud and iU-favored." Reresby very
the
a

Burnet's

had very
in

early sight of
with
manners nor

new

queen.

He

said
face

"

she

was

little woman,

tolerablypretty
could stand
in

; but

neither with

person

of that lady Castlemaine, the finest woman The was point opinions, however, began to differ. queen Court," notes Pepys, brought, a few days since,to Hampton " and all people say of her that she is a very handsome fine, lady, and very discreet ; and that the king is pleased enough
"

competition her age." On

with
out

her, which
of

I fear

will

put

madame

Castlemaine's
"

nose

joint."
the
'

Three
of

[the
where

countess queen

tells me, told their

in
me

is

most

days after he adds, I found from Hampton Sandwich] come hath her very used civiUy, and, Yesterday sir pretty woman.'
aldermen

my

lady
Court,

my
E.

lady
Ford
in

that

the
did

of

the

habits, and
therein.

present her
he
told
were me

gold

But that

city did with a gold that they

fain
to

attend

her
WOOL

cup,
are

and
so or

poor

in

their

chamber,
to to

they
fines
the to

call

two

three
free

aldermen trade

raise and

make

India the

Brazils,
of

up which

this
was

sum."
secured

The
to

land Engwith

by

marriage

Catharine

of

Braganza

208
Charles
and

CATHAKINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

II.,soon

opened

an

inexhaustible
of

source

of

wealth fered suf-

prosperity to the merchants so severely during the iron

protectorate.
was

London,

who

had

rule of the

commonwealth

and It

the

2d

of

June

that

the

lord

presented
saw

I her
or

gift Portuguese ladies,"says Evelyn,

their
addresses

and

and mayor Catharine. to

"

aldermen "Now

and

the

guarda
a

damas,
of whose
on

mother
hair

of

her

maids,
the

and
rest

the of

old

knight,

lock

quite covered
very
at of
a

his

bald the court

pate, bound
frizeur's of
art

by

thread

oddly."
very

Assuredly
ebb
was

must
as

have

been
result

low
labors his the

at to

the

Lisbon,
of

all the merry

their
and

excite
state.

the

mirth

the

monarch
a

ofl"cers of
full
as

later,however,

taste

to

barbarous

Fifty years prevailed in

all powdered toupees and periwigs deformed ian countenances during the reigns of the three first Hanovermonarchs. Court, as Evelyn's description of Hampton it was and adorned furnished for the reception of the bride of Charles the II.,calls forth a sigh over departed glories of the domestic and Stuart monarchs. palace of the Tudor a Court," says he, is as noble and uniform Hampton pile it. There is parable incommake as can any gothic architecture furniture in it, especiallyhangings designed by umphs TriEaphael, very rich with gold, especiallythe Caesarian of Andrea Montegna, formerly the duke of Mantua's. Of the show can tapestries, I believe the world nothing

England,

when

"

"

nobler
The

of

the

kind

than

the

stories

of

Abraham
the bed

and vast
was

Tobit. beams
an broidery em-

gallery of
of

horns

is very

particular for
The

of

stags, elks, antelopes,"c.

silver
on

queen's
and

crimson the states

velvet,
of

cost

8000Z., being
his

present gold

made

by

Holland

when

majesty
sive mas-

returned.

The
were

great looking-glassand toilet of beaten The given by the queen-mother.

her from been

queen

brought
as

over never

with

Portugal
seen

such

Indian

cabinets guese Portu-

had

before

here."

Catharine's
of the

hangings of silk and gold, the embroidered canopies,chairs,and beds, and the valuable this royal retreat, paintings that decorated to which be added the testimony of Pepys, who walked may

chronicler

speaks

with

enthusiasm

Olatliarme

of

Sragon^a,

"ucen

of

"l)ttrles

11

Engraved

by

S.

Freeman

after

the

Painting

by

Sir

Peter

Lely

210
This

CATHAEINE

OP

BEAGANZA.

auspicious
was

state confined

of

things
to

lasted

aa

long

as

lady
she

Castlemaine

her

the having been brought to bed of a son considered his as king's marriage. This boy her husband heir, and insisted on having it baptized by a priestof his own religion. She proclaimed it to be the king's son, and had it christened over minister, when again by a Protestant the with of the the one as king himself acted sponsors,

lying-in chamber, few a days after

earl of Oxford
with

and

the

countess

of Suffolk.*

Not
own

contented

receiving the
had

visits

of the

king

at her

house, lady

audacity to insist on intruding herself rine Cathainto the presence of his injured and virtuous queen. of Braganza had been fullyinformed, before she quitted with Lisbon, of the king's previous infatuation regard to her this woman the queen, mother, had charged her ; and in her to permit her to be mentioned never name hearing.' Acting on this sensible advice, the royal bride had conducted herself with much so prudence and delicacy in avoiding all allusions that Charles not to have to this subject, appears had she the slightestsuspicion that knew anything about
Castlemaine the

it,till he
recommended

presented
for

her

with

list of
in her

the

ladies

whom At

he

appointments
was

household.
with

the

head dreaded
it

of

this
name

list Catharine

startled

of
cut he

lady

Castlemaine. remonstrances

out,

and

short
must

all

tellinghim
her
to

either

back

to

Lisbon.'

grant her Charles, who

all his
at

seeing the She instantlypricked from the king, by that privilege or send
had been accustomed

implicitcompliance
was

with

wishes

from

wife,
of her

much

offended to

this
a

unexpected
will of
her reason,

young demonstration
on

his

determination

have

own

suitable tented," discon-

occasions.
as

Catharine, with
"

greater

"was

whole a Pepys says, it, day and night upon till the king pacified her by promising to have nothing do to with more he lady Castlemaine," a promise which This rine's instantly violated. alarming interruption to Cathadream of wedded about the third happiness occurred week in July, before she had been married quite two months. It
was
1

the

first

symptom
2

of

the

renewed
"

influence Pepys.

of

lady

Pepya's Diary.

Clarendon.

Lingard.

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

211
after her

Castlemaine
from The her
next

over

the

mind

of the

king
to

recovery

lying-in.'
thing
her
to

Charles
woman

did

was

leadingthis
presenting
To the

shameless her

into

outrage all decency by the queen's chamber, and

the assembled received
court.

majesty
her

before

surprise of every graciously, and permitted

one, to

Catharine kiss
sound the

her her

her
of

hand;

for

foreign ear,
had
not

yet familiar to the in that, which identified

not and

English
had
of

names,
course

king

pronounced
paramour, from behind
soon as one

the style and unintelligibly, she the

was a

title of
person.

his insolent
A

stranger

to

her

whisper

of

her she
color

stood indignant Portuguese ladies who her of the fact. As majesty's chair,admonished
was aware

of

the

insult eyes

she

had

arine's received, Cathwith

changed;
cost

her

suffused

tears;
it
was

she
a

struggled for a moment struggle that nearly

from in
scene
a

to repress her
was

her

but feelings,
the

her

for life,

blood the
this

gushed

her fit.'

nostrils,and
The

she

carried

from of

apartment

duke his

miserable following mystical was given by Clarendon, in a letter to his friend the The of Ormonde from : king is perfectlyrecovered I wish left him. he were indisposition in which you
"
"

notice

'

The
was

disgraceful
Barbara

career

of this
Her age of

evil

woman

may

be

related

in
was

few
an

words.

She

Villiers. at the

father,
heir to

viscount defence

Grandison,
of Charles
; both

hereto
at

cavalier, who eighteen,

wife

died,
the

thirty, in
a

I.

Barbara,
and

married

Roger
exiled

Palmer,
of the

great just

fortune before Palmer

Palmer

his The
to

joined
and

court

Charles

II.
and
over

the

Restoration. before
his return

intimacy England,
made

commenced became

between very of this intruded

king
all earl of

Mrs.

notorious
woman on

Europe
queen of
as

about

that
order first

epoch.
to

Charles
her the rank

the

husband
to

Castlemaine, in
her

give
of

sufficient

be

his

virtuous

lady
over

chamber. bed-

The continued Stuart.

to says

reign,
fits of
set

or

rather

tyranny,
in

lady
with the

Castlemaine
his

the

king

till he In
her

became

desperately
she
on
"

love

cousin, Mrs.
to tear

Frances children

fury times,

often

threatened when Medea

king
she
was

their

pieces, and
a

his palace

firej "and
resembled

in
less

these
than

tempers,*'
one

writer

of

those
was

she

much

of

her was,

dragons."
having
with
her

She

created

duchess

of Cleveland inconstant of
as

by
to

the her

king,

to whom

she and

notwithstanding
infamous
and

his

profusion,as
the

husband;

after

eternally disgraced died,

duke

Marlborough
Beau at

by founding his fortunes

she
waa

donations, she
full of years

married

Fielding, by whom

despised,
*

and

dishonors,

Chiswiok, October, 1709.

Clarendon.

212
free

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

from

all other.

have

had,
at

since

saw

four have

long conferences, with twice likewise spoken

been
at court and

better

temper
her
was

you, three than before.

queen. and

ox

I The

large with
there that
and
so

the

lady hath
that

kissed

hand,
no

returned

night.
not

I cannot
of

am

out

tell you all hope, and

discomposure.
can

is all I shall not

use

yet say.
to
use

I send

this

by

sir A.

Broderiek,
I

need

cipher, but
write
on

hereafter

shall

always

cipher
you

when

I take

this

pains

to

and other no subject, yourself" decipher them like most

so

; therefore

must

Charles,

aggressors,
far from

assumed

the the
had

tone

of

an

jured in-

; and person for the

expressing
affront
as

punction comslightest

unprovoked
unreasonable
caused He

he

put
too
as a

on

his

consort,
effect in poor he had

he

was

so

to

regard
misconduct

the

visible crime

of the

pangs Catharine. vowed

by

his

own

pale, and agony, him before men

injured princess,whom to love and cherish, had, in her speechless in tears and bathed blood, pleaded against and angels,and that to every right-thinking
stand
a

felt that

the

in his court he must person chose to treat her illness as

condemned

; he

therefore

jealousy,ending in an He per hystericalparoxysm. complained loudly of her ill-temand a perversity,and insisted that she ought to make for having injured reparation to lady Castlemaine proper her reputation by a public insult, that the and poor lady had other refuge from senting conno public contempt than the queen her This to receive as lady of the bedchamber. Catharine refused, with passionate indignation. Charles then husband. imposed the stern authority of king and remonstrated Clarendon most earnestly with the king on the extreme to his wife, in laying cruelty of his behavior
of
commands
on

burst

her not

with

which,
He

to

use

his

words,
like his

"

flesh and
mind

blood what Louis

could
he had

comply."
him that

put his majesty

of the
on

in

of
in
duct, con-

heard
and

lately say
observation live
a

conduct

XIV.,
in
"

his

cousin's of that
be

making
that be
a

his
it

mistress
was

in

the of he

presence
ill-nature

the

queen,
could

was,
never

such for

piece
if
ever a

He

guilty of;
after

could

guilty

of

having

mistress

he

had

wife

(which

he

hoped

CATHAEINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

213
where his wife

he

should

never

be),she

should

never

come

was."

Charles, like Hazael, had not imagined himself capable of acting a part, whose so ugliness was apparent to him when
seen

through
did

the

medium same, and

of

the

conduct

of

another
the

; and

yet he

the had

even

exaggerated
He
of

baneful

example utterly
soul
were

he

steeled
the

previously detested. against the pleadings

shameless
snares

was,

however,
and his

conscience

humanity by
in

woman

who
; and

had

entangled
his
own

her

unhallowed
to

when

words
"

quoted
heeded

him

by lady

his

honest

minister, he
would
as

said,

that in

if he

such that

lectures,the
he

country
as

think

him would

pupilage, and
seem

Castlemaine
should

well
exact

himself

conformity from his wife, which would be the only hard thing he should ever she herself require of her, and which might make very for the and would behave with all lady duty humility easy, if she should her majesty, which, fail to do, she unto ever should his face again, and that he would never see engage
never

ridiculous

; therefore

to

put

any

other

domestic

about

her

to

this approbation." He finished to use by requiring Clarendon induce fiill compliance from her.

without queen loathsome tion sophisticaall these

his

When,
both
to

arguments however, he
in

found

that

Clarendon
his

and he

Ormonde
endeavored

concurred

reprobating
faithful to

conduct,

intimidate

those

servants
:
"

by writing

the

following disgracefulletter
Court, Thursday morning.
you
to

Clarendon

"

Hampton
desire
concerns

"

I forgot, when
not
to

you

were

here
more

last,to
what author

give Brodericke lady Castlemaine, reports ; for

of to his

good
and if I

counsel to let him find And him

now

meddle
a care

any how make

on

with is the him

my

have

he

of of

any

scandalous

guilty,
I
am

I will

repent

it t" the it Tory

last moment necessary

a

life.
you
a

entered in divert I may

this

matter,
you may my in

I think

give
shall

little good

counsel may

it,lest
me

think, by making resolution,which

this world
and in the

further
world to

stir in

the

business, you
do ; and in fail

from

all the

never

I wish

be

unhappy

world

come, my

if I

the

least of my

degree of what
of
mine

I have

resolved, which
whosoever be

is of

making
use

lady
his

Castlemaine
to hinder

wife's bedchamber

; and

I find
to

any

endeavors

this resolution

(except it

only

myself ),"I will be

and wilful

Viz., by private remonstrance, which, by the vindictive

tenor

of

this letter,it is not

probable

the

king

would

have

taken

very

patiently.

214
"enemy
to

CATHAEnSTE

OP

BRAGANZA.

to the
; if you

laat moment will

of his
me

life.

You

know
this I
am

how

true

a
as

friend
easy
to

I have
to
me

been
as

you of

oblige
soever

eternally, make
yon
are
on

business
resolved I

you

"can, this

what

opinion
let what

of, for it,which

to

go

through
swear

with before

matter,

will

come

again
have the

solemnly
down is

Almighty
meddle

Gcod.
no

Therefore,
more

if you

desire

continuance

of my

ship, friend-

with
to

this business, except it be to bear facilitate what I find

my lord
to
me

all false and

so

scandalous

reports, and
whosoever
do

I
my be

am

sure

my

honor

much in

cerned con-

in ; and

to

be
to

lady Castlemaine's
his and in enemy if you
as

enemy
as

this

matter,
may

promise, upon
letter
to

word,

long
have

I live.
a.

You
to

show

this
carry

my

lieutenant,
as

both

mind

oblige me,

yourselves

friends

this matter.

"Charles,

R."J

Clarendon, against his

own

better

ungracious
submit

office of

to the my

endeavoring to king's pleasure. In his

lord

undertook feelings, persuade the queen

first himself

the
to with

interview

barrassed. greatly emHe began by lamenting the misunderstanding their majesties, that existed between using some expressions the queen that the which convinced king had imputed the blame which she passionatelyprotested her innocence to her ; on such of tears, that with he thought it better torrent a wait to withdraw, coolly observing, that he would upon her in a fitter season, and be more when she should capable advice of receiving humble from her wished servants, who her well," and so departed. The next day he waited upon her her more again, at her own appointment, and found She vouchsafed the passion she had to excuse composed.
"

Catharine,

chancellor

found

been of the
at not

in, and
few

told friends
receive
or

Clarendon
she

"

she

looked

had, from
; but

whom

him one as upon she would willingly

all times wonder

counsel her
to

that

she

hoped

he

would

blame

if, having

greater misfortunes greater difficulties

her of

upon than

her,
had

and
ever

having
befallen

struggle with
any
woman

condition, she

was anguish which ready to break her replied with many professions of his devotion to her service, although," he said, it might be his duty to tell her some things which might render him The ungracious to her." meekly replied, that queen
" " "

sometimes

vent to that gave heart." Clarendon

he her

should of her
1

never

be

more

welcome then
the

to

her

than
"

when

he she

told

faults."
of

Clarendon
MS.
is among

observed,
Lansdowne

that

had

The

original

the

MS., 1236, f. 121.

CATHAKINE

OP

BBAGAKZA.

215
had

been
80

little beholden

to

her

education, which
follies and her this
own

given

her

little of

insight
which

into he

the

of imperfections

kind, man-

presumed
than

country could
climate

have

given
To

more

instances

cold

could

afford."
and not

this grave

philosophy the
with found have

queen,

with

some
"

blushing
she did
in his

confusion, accompanied
think she
to

tears, said,
the

that

should another
must

king engaged
intimated

tions affec-

lady."
have been

Clarendon

"that

her

majesty
heart
so

world, if she
many
"

imagined
years whether
a

little experienced in the very that the king had preserved his
a

for

consort

he

had

never

seen,"
should find

and

asked God
court

her to
so

she
to

believed,
affections
a

when she At
a

it

please
that

send

queen

Portugal,that
?"
and

would this few

full of
could

virtuous
not

Catharine

repress

smile

dry query, servation pleasant obto her

which the
a

encouraged
his visit.

the chancellor
told her
"

to communicate
came

purport of
from

He

he

with

if she received, as he hoped king, which she would, she in the world. might be the happiest queen That the king said, Whatever correspondence he had her entertained with other ladies before he saw majesty concerned not her, neither ought she to inquire into them, intended himself to dedicate as he entirelyto her ; and that if she would his affection with the meet same good-humor

message

the

'

that

she

had

been

accustomed

to

do,

she

would

have

life

of

in perfect felicity.'Catharine, instead of saying a word her own justification, expressed her acknowledgments for the king's graciousness,thanked than the chancellor more enough, and begged him to help in returning her thanks t(? in obtaining his pardon for any his majesty, and passion or been she might have peevishness of which guilty,and to him of all future and obedience assure duty." ^ The veteran

statesman,

when

he

saw

the

queen

in her her

this
of

Griselda the

vein, thought he
of
to

proof

regard
that
"

of Catharine The

duty which Fire lady Castlemaine. and at the proposition, king's insistingon such
'

to inform might venture his majesty required of

with
eyes

flashed she
a

from

the

indignantly replied, condition could only

Clarendon's

Autobiography,

toI. ii. p. 182.

216

CATHARINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

proceed
her to

from the

hatred

to her of

person,
the

and

his

desire

to expose think her

contempt
such
an

world, who
submitted
on

would
to it of

worthy
"

of she
and

affront
rather
to

if she

;" adding,
any small

that

would
return
"

put herself
had of the
not

board

vessel

Lisbon." she
out

Clarendon
the

by telling her
person, without
even

that

interrupted her, disposal of her own

she
then her
was

to

go

house

where

the
any her

speak
wished any
to
as

king's leave, and therefore there of Portugal, where more

to

advised
were
"

not

to

enough
to

who off

be,"
to

and

admonished

her if she

not

show

passion deny anything

should his
look

such

the

king
an

; but

thought
such
a a

proper
manner

he

asked like not

her,
be

to

do

it in

rather

evasion

than

positiverefusal,

that
a

majesty might
which
There

passion also,in
it."
was

of

sound
told

into provoked to put himself she was case likelyto get the worst truth in and sense only too much

all that
own

Clarendon
of

the

poor

queen
was

but,

even

from

his

account

the

matter,

there

neither

for
manner

her

"that

he

much courtesy sufferings,nor it He of communicating to her. told the king all the good and
had said of that him
;

sympathy displayed in his

says,
kind

however,

majesty
his

entire from

belief
her

her

things her dutiful of her expressions,and unwillingness to obey him ceeded prohim
; and

passionate love of
her

entreated

his

majesty
a

not

to press

further

on

this
other

painful subject for

counsellors, who
his this

few

days.
him

Charles, however,
to insist

had

persuaded
commands

; for if he

instant compliance with upon allowed his will to be disputed on

point, he
have him.

must

resolve

hereafter
was

to

do

as

his

wife

would
to the

Charles, who
of
an

accustomed
far
as

to

succumb
to solicit

violence
on

imperious mistress, so
every
was

pardon

his

knees

time

he ventured
at

to resist

her

able unreason-

incurring the suspicion that he showed the slightestindulgence to his wife, and lutely resoThe fire," prepared to compel her to submission. flamed that night higher than The ever. says Clarendon, and with stubbornness of want king reproached the queen him she with and of affection. want duty, and tyranny
" "

demands,

terrified

He

used

threats

which

he

never

intended

to

put in

exe-

218 and bade

him

CATHAHINB

OF

BRAGANZA.

he was admitted her majesty, to see complied, and took the of temper libertyof reproving her for the want for which she blamed the king. Catharine, with tears, that been in too much she had acknowledged passion, and said somewhat she ought not to have said ; for which she would willinglyask the king's pardon on her knees, though of treating her had his manner wonderfully surprised her, and for more than excuse tion." might be some ordinary commoShe concluded that God would by praying give her patience,and not again be transported hoped that she should
" "

go and when

talk

to the

queen

again.''

Clarendon

into not to

the

like

passion."

Clarendon

said

"

he

came

justify the king's pleasure, but to ask her whether she in her Catharine resist?" to thought it were power it was in her and that she own replied she knew power, could verting not despair of the king's justice and goodness dihim from the prosecution of a command, coming unbeas
"

in him
not

as

it

was

dishonorable

to her

; that

she would he
and
was

dispute
to
were
"

his

majesty's
her

bound
it her
a

leave

the

power, choice of been

no

but her

she
own

thought
servants,
Clarendon refuse
to

if

otherwise, she
it
was

had that

deceived." wife
and for done

told
receive

presumed
that and
was

would

servant

esteemed it
was

recommended her to

by
in her

her
this

husband;
Her

that
that

better be
"

submit

instance, than

it should

without
as
a

consent."

majesty
she
an

then
could

protested
not to consent

that,
to that

matter
was

of

science, con-

which

likely to
shown down little
the

give
tact

opportunity
the lord
hard

sin."

Here

chancellor,who, by-the-bye,had

in the of

dry

manner

in which to to
"

he

had

laid

law
the

passive

obedience

the the

first time

condescended

argument,
too
mean

if she to and

he by tellingher that and low an opinion of her person be in the power of thought it could

aggrieved princess, for of a complimentary use thought her majesty had

and

her other

parts,

any

lady

rival

her."

The

queen to the

listened chancellor's with he

with

intense

attention

great patience

discourse, sometimes
an

with
as

complacency,
did
not

but

oftener what

incredulous when

smile,
he had

if she

believe

said ; and

CATHABINE

OP

BRAGANZA.

219
do what he

she finished,

declared she
never

"

that would her

the

king might
to

pleased, but
Charles the
next

matrimonial it
was

although
mortification

requisition." upbraided non-performance of treaty with regard to the portion, which, fault of hers, must have been no a grievous
with

consent

his

the

to poor

Catharine.
the

He

insulted

her

venerable
on

kinsman

and
and

friend
threw

Portuguese
unlucky
had
not

ambassador

her

account,
into

the he

Jew been

factor, Duarte
able to for the

Silva,
hia he

prison, because
for answerable had
not

complete
which

arrangements
was

of money paying the sum into the exchequer, although Catharine

to took

appointed
outrages
Charles's

time
as

arrived.'

all these it
was

offered personal indignities

that she

herself,and
as

intention

should

feel them her.

"

such, his whole

"

study

the came mortify and when he did, he queen's company,'' says Clarendon, spake not to her, but spent his time with those who made it their business who to laugh at all the world, and were as with of his creatures." bold with Grod Almighty as any to

being

how

He

seldom

into

Some favor the

the
to

little

diversion

was,

however,

made

in

Catharine's

by the arrival of the queen-mother, Henrietta, and both duty and affection imposed on necessity, which king, of paying her the respect of going with his court
her
at

welcome

Greenwich.
was

As
to

the

declared
her it

object of

the
to

queen-mother's visit the king and on queen

Charles
to

offer

their than A

marriage,
to

congratulations was impossible

his

for

do

otherwise
form.

present
taken

bride
from

to his

mother

in proper
on

temporary
to have

cessation

tilities hossion, occa-

his

part appears
even

and
the

Pedro
son, to

the ing sendpaid Catharine royal carriages to fetch the conde de Pontevel, don and de his Corea, and the Portuguese ambassador

he

place on this compliment of

join
on

the

cavalcade.
of

The

two

latter
fallen

excused sick from

selves themtion vexa-

account

illness, having

their princess had ceived rethey and of England, but the from good-natured monarch" of attention.^ by this mark wonderfully comforted they were The royal pair set out after dinner, July 28th, to pay their
at

the

ill-treatment
"

Clarendon.

'

Hist.

Caaa

Real

Portuguesa.

220
first state-visit

CATHAEINE

OP

BEAGANZA.

together,attended
awaited
at

by
after

brilliant train.
at

Queen

Henrietta, who
received stairs.
but them

their

arrival

Greenwich had
and
arms

palace,
the

the

first door

they
her

ascended kiss her with her

Queen
and
How

Catharine

oifered raised
her

to kneel in

hand, great

the

queen-mother
many kind

affection times.

expressions,and

kissed

several
have

been bride

to

the

this maternal consoling must neglected,and almost friendless,

reception

broken-hearted

this Nor ! son was all,for royal Henrietta's the presence-chamber,the queenas soon as they entered all compliments and to lay aside mother told Catharine have to England she should come for that never ceremony, again except for the pleasure of seeing her, to love her as her her her as serve queen." ' It is easy to daughter and by this speech to imagine that the queen-mother intended of the to the time-serving courtiers an intimation convey and deference respect with which the wife of their sovereign

of the

"

ought
and

to

be treated.
of

Catharine

Braganza responded
conduct
was

with

all

the

gratitude

pleasure
under

such
her

calculated

to

excite, especially

kindness

told
and

her

the made peculiar circumstances, which of her august mother-in-law doubly precious. She delight she felt in seeing her, majesty how much

assured
nor

her

"

that, in love
own

and

obedience, neither
exceed her."

the

king
of

any

of her then who

children

should
a

The

queen-mother
the queen,

sat

down

in

fauteuil at the right hand

; the

occupied
of
York

another
on

king
and

sat

on

tabouret, the duchess

York stood.
All

another,
the refreshment

the

duke

of The

present
them
as

kissed the
was

queen's hand.
of
was
a

queen-mother
or

offered
luncheon dined

collation, declined,
The

afternoon

it

termed, which
left

they having
visit

lasted

four

they hours, during which

with to return

before

Hampton
time mark the
of

Court.

queen-mother
kindness and queen all who

treated esteem.

queen
On

Catharine

every

their the
A
Real

supped
saw

with

them.'
Hist.

Court the Hampton king in public,to the great joy of reconciliation,perhaps temporary

effected

1
'

Caaa

Portuguesa. records, collected

and translated

Inedited

Portuguese

by

J.

Adamson,

Esq.

CATHARINE

OF

BBAQANZA.

221

queen-mother, appears, indeed, to have reunited the royal pair at this auspicious period ; for we learn, from our ing Portuguese authority, that the followand in the to London, day the king went evening the his to meet accompanied by her household, went queen,
"

by

the

good

offices of the

majesty on the road, a gallantry which the king appreciated that he expressed his pleasure most much which was applauded by the court."
"

so

highly heartily,

"When visit at

the

queen-mother

came

to return

their

majesties'

to meet Court, the king went Hampton her, and on her alighting,led her by the hand case, stairto the top of the where the queen, who was awaiting her arrival,came her. After the first greetings were to receive exchanged, they passed through the antechamber, and the two queens seated mother

themselves
was a

in

chairs,under

rich

on

the

right
on

of

the
left.
or

queen, The other

canopy. and the

The

queen-

duchess
the

of duke

York
of York

little removed

the
one

king

and
as

stood, and
the two

either

the

acted

between

queens,' for Catharine

French,

nor

Henrietta dined
arrival and

king
first

and

queen

day
the

of

her

Spanish, much in private with at Hampton

duchess
of York

less the

interpreter could not speak Portuguese. The

queen-mother
In
the

the noon, after-

Court.

in the joined them queen's chamber, where they were regaled with the performances of her majesty's band, which, bad as they were, the queen-mother so was good-natured as to applaud. The till the Court royal party remained together at Hampton Catharine 23d of August, the day appointed for queen to make first public entrance into the her metropolis of her in her royal On she embarked this occasion new kingdom. duke and duke his majesty, the barge, with prince Eupert, his brother prince Edward,

duchess
and

of

York,

the countess

of

Suffolk.
were

The in not

ladies

and

officers of
:

another accompany
shores
were

barge
their

did

The all

lined

hold majesty's housethe esses two Portuguese countposed.' royal mistress, being indiswith soldiers and people of
her

degrees. When they

'

were Eeal

within
Portuguesa.

eight

miles

of

London,
'

larger

Hist.

Casa

Ibid.

222

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

vessel, which
receive and honor
in
a

could

not

proceed higher, was

vessel with
had

the
crimson

royal party. This awning bordered

attendants.
At

waiting to glass windows,

for

in

and

other their

gold Putney was

the

ladies

of

another

barge,

their public entry. to make majesties were clad in scarlet. The In this were four-and-twenty rowers, bow her sides and was : she were painted on royal arms fringed gorgeously gilded,with an awning of gold brocade Both within and without. given Evelyn and Pepys have peared livelydescriptionsof this royal aquatic progress, as it apwhich
to the roof
"

one

from

the

river, and
"

to

the

other

from

the

of

the

was

banqueting-house at Whitehall. of the spectator," says Evelyn,

ever

most

triumph
innumerable

that

floated and

on

the

Thames,
with

boats above

vessels

dressed

magnificent considering the all imaginable

and and
of to

pomp;
other

but

all, the

thrones, arches, pageants,

mayor

representations, statelybarges of the lord inventions, music, and companies, with various
ordnance, both
conduct
at

from queen
her

the

vessels

and

the Court
In my

peals shore, going

to

the

new

from

Hampton
to town.

Whitehall,
far
occasion and

the

first of

coming
Yenetian espouse
in
an

opinion, it
the

exceeded when

all the

Bucentoras, etc., on
the
Adriatic. His

they
queen

go
came

to

majesty

the

antique-shaped open vessel, covered with of cloth of gold, made in the form state or a canopy of a high cupola, supported with high Corinthian pillars, wreathed and I with in was flowers, festoons, garlands. new-built them." our vessel, sailing among Pepys notices that there the pageants a mimic was king and queen, among the latter her maids with of honor sittingvery prettily, feet : the daughter of sir E. Ford, the lord mayor, at her was lady who supposed to be the young personated her the real king and he, "came majesty. "Anon," continues in a barge, under with thousand a a barges queen canopy,
"

and

boats the

know,

for

we

could

see

no

water

for

them,

nor

queen." At six o'clock in the evening a they landed, under royal salute from the great guns on the other had side, at Whitehall bridge, on a pier which been erected for the purpose the palace, where the near king
and

discern

CATHARINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

223
male nobility,
to

queen-mother
and them.'

with
in

her

court, and

all the

female,

the

richest

dresses, waited
date, had
not

receive

Lady Castlemaine,

Catharine by queen merely a spectator of the splendid pageant of king Charles conducting his bride to of the people. Whitehall, amidst the shouts and acclamations A series of feasts and Catharine rejoicingswelcomed queen in the metropolis ; yet, in most her first arrival on instances, solent have been embittered of her inthey must by the presence of a few to be rival, who, in the course days, was not seen only in the presence-chambers both of the queenand the queen-mother, but was introduced into consort even On the 7th of September, Pepys Catharine's coach. queen says he
went to

up to that was ; she

been

received

Somerset

house, where
"

he

saw

the

queen-

sitting on her left hand, and whom before ; he had never seen though," pursues he, she be not very charming, yet she hath a good, modest, I also saw and is pleasing. Here innocent look, which madame Castlemaine, and, which pleased me most, Mr. Crofts, the king's illegitimateson,' a most pretty spark of I perceive do hang much about fifteen years on old, who I hear her, and lady Castlemaine, and is always with my him. to the queens both are By and by in mighty kind
mother,
"

with

queen

Catharme

and his duchess, so that the duke king, and anon could such a sight as I never they being all together, was and leisure. have ease They happened to see with so much the king and his dark, and then went stayed till it was away, and and Crofts, in one lady Castlemaine young queen, my whom Charles the Such coach." were companions with in public, when she had to appear compelled his consort
comes

the

been

than three months, as if for scarcely more of degrading her, in the opinions of systematic purpose

his wife

the his

subjects,to the level enough to permit her

"
2

of
to

those be
seen.

with

whom "The

he

was

base queen

king

and

Hist. Whom

Casa

Real

Portuguesa.
soon

Charles

after had

created been

duke

of Monmouth.

He
of

had the

been

brought

from

France, where

he

educated, in

the

train

queen-mother,

Henrietta.

224

CATHAEINE

OF

BKAGANZA.

that merry queen-mother believe

were

very

night
that

; and

he

would
was

have

made

the

Catharine that
an

likelyto
said so.'
at
"

bring
^

an

heir

to

England, affirming
was

'she

The

young

queen
of

shocked

at such

assertion

that

early
aware

period
of the

her

wedlock of the
audacious
"

; and

without
she

being perhaps
used of her in her

strength
the
"

expression
declaration
"

haste

to

royal lord, she serves exclaimed You lie !" being the first English word," obheard her made the king Pepys, I ever say, which made her have good sport, and he would say in English, the only medium Confess, and be hanged !' Spanish was of and his communication between Charles Portuguese bride their for the first months of marriage. This, as it have not the natural was language of either,might literally been of some the cause of the misunderstanding between
contradict
" '
"

them.
to

All lord

the
on

curtain-lectures the

which

Catharine

addressed

his subject of lady Castlemaiue, and threats and sarcastic carried in that were on rejoinders, of rendering their language,they having no other means nocturnal altercations other. He to each plained, comintelligible when disinclination of her to the study of angry, of good-humor, when he chose to English ; but in moments his delight himself amuse by playing the instructor, it was to impose on her confiding innocence, like a rude school-boy, her the lessons in by giving vulgar tongue. to playfulAlthough Charles occasionally condescended ness

her

with
was

his

poor

little queen,

his

conduct

as

husband

than In ever. a period worse portion of the writes thus to deciphered correspondence, Clarendon All things are Ormonde bad with reference tlemaiue, to lady Cas: but I think not quite so bad as body Everyyou hear. her takes to be of the is bedchamber, for she always at
* "
"

this very

there,
me

and

that
as

in the coach. But goes abroad the king promised her, on condition doth

the she

queen

tells
use

would

her

she

others, that
'

she
:

should I hear

never

live in court
no

;'

yet lodgings I think

The ever,
1

she is

hath
as

of

back

stairs.

worst and

is,the
looks

king
as

as discomposed {i.e., dissipated)

little after
a

business, which

breaks

my

Pepys.

Bodleian

library, September 9, 1662.

226
for

CATHARINE

OP

BRAGANZA.

day

their
to

embarkation,
any of
them to write
cause
"

without for their

letter

assigning
services to and
"

any
the

ular particqueen, of

reward
or

vouchsafing Portugal of the

pursues
queen

any of their

to the

king

queen

dismission.

This

rigor,"
of

Clarendon,

prevailed
received who had

upon

the

great heart
to enable her to her

the

(who
to

had

not

any

money followed

to be

liberal with

any idea

of those of

good preferment in her the king to permit earnestly entreated

few who be
were

the

England household), and she

her
to

retain

some

most

necessary
in the to hands

to of

her,

and

that and

she

not

left

wholly

strangers,
of
was

might employed
as

others
a

to make

suit

him
the

for

that

purpose."

Charles,

great favor, permitted

with
her from

countess who of

Penalva, who
seldom two
or

had

been

infancy, and
her to infirm

nearly blind, and

stirred
three

in consequence
out

of

state

health
the

of
the

her

chamber,

remain

; also

cook,

culinary department, and the priests and ecclesiastics who officiated in her majesty's chapel.' It of necessary of foreign the train is a matter policy to dismiss attendants a by whom royal bride is accompanied to her husband's to be regarded with sure court, as they are ill-will by a jealous people ; every preferment they receive the deteriorates and if any from popularity of the queen,
of servants disaster occur, it is considered
was
as an

in the

attributable
as

to their

evil

fluence. in-

Catharine, who
and it not
was

ignorant
infant, was
were

of all state
not
aware

affairs that
and

historical
a

precedents

trial to which the

other

queens

of familiar deprivation of the comfort faces and led to suplisteningto familiar accents, but was pose, from of Charles's harsh this manner measure putting that it was into effect, a piece of especial tyranny inflicted her as a punishment for refusing to tolerate the intrusion on of lady Castlemaine in her bedchamber. There, however, she came for hours, with daily,and remained impudent pertinacity. Her free from her abhorrent never majesty was

only

exposed, beholding

felt

presence ; she wherever went

to the

thrust
the

herself

into
"

the
the
even

queen

went,

to

royal coach, and park, the theatre,

followed
her
to

houses

of

the

nobility.
"

She

Clarendon.

CATHABINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

227
vehement horror of

mass,' though
the rites of the
all of

she

professed
of Eome

the

most
; the

church

king, meantime,
above
from

ing treat-

the

queen's household,
had

and

all,the English

gentlemen
such
marked

who

attended

her
no

Portugal,
liked
to

with
ommended rec-

ungraciousness that for appointments in her

queen had not

one

be

service.

If

the

ill-treated of

been

greater share

magnanimity and many other under have similar princesses displayed provocations, rendered she might soon have herself formidable to the king and his advisers, by allying herself with the growing
party of
the disaffected.

possessed of than good sense

much

The

sale of

Dunkirk,

the

insolent

said to influence his carriage of lady Castlemaine, who was of a court majesty's councils, and the licentious character of at matters once needy and public extravagant, were of an amiable reprobation at this period, while the wrongs and virtuous not were likelyto be regarded queen young with indifference and moral by a generous people. But neither rect Catharine bore all in silence,and by direct or indimeans attempted to appeal to the sympathy of the The conduct of the king. Clarendon tells us, was nation. of his disapprobation by some regarded with unconcealed faithful to censure most servants, who occasionallyventured much his own honor him for it,by insinuating how was the queen was by the disrespectwith which compromised treated, and that he could not reasonably hope for children full of grief,and her heart she was so was by her, when agitation and distress of mind. kept in a state of constant could Charles not deny the force of these arguments, to which, in fact, he had nothing to reply,except the example IV. of France, whose of his far-praisedgrandfather, Henry

immoral for
his

conduct
own.

he

seemed

to

consider this it
was

sufficient

excuse

Notwithstanding
of
the

getting weary
who knew that
1
**

contest,
to

and

his he
was

character about

better send

than

his
cause

sophistry, he was supposed by many, sort, inexperienced conof his difference lady ohapel."
"

the

to most," says Pepys, see wa" pleased me Castlemaine, who, though a Protestant, did wait upon the queen Memoirs of Pepye, edited by lord Braybrooke, vol. i. p. 316.

But

what

"

my to

dear

228
with
her

CATHABINE

OF

BEAGAilZA.

from

the

court, when,

all of

sudden, the queen

One to lady Castlemaine. day, to the changed her conduct with entered into conversation surprise of every one, she her, and, according to Clarendon, permitted herself to fall in public, her into with familiaritywith her ; was merry and spoke kindly of her, and in private used no one more and sudden of condescension, so friendly." This excess and scorn to the censures unexpected, exposed Catharine This who had hitherto of all those espoused her cause. total abandoning her Clarendon, own greatness,'' pursues this lowly demeanor she had to a person justlycontemned,
" " "

made

all

men

conclude

that

it

was

hard

matter the

to

know

her, and
was so

her consequently to serve far from being reconciled

; and

king
the retain all her

himself
esteem

by it,that
but
that

which grew

he
now

could
much

not

hitherto
He

in his heart

for her
former

less.

concluded

not anguish, expressed in those livelypassions which seemed all fiction, and capable of dissimulation, was purely acted to the life by a nature He inconstant. crafty,perverse, and ill-natured congratulated his own by which perseverance,

he
nor

had had

discovered
he the

how
same

he

was

to

behave
her

himself

hereafter,
and

value
he had

for

wit, judgment,
and
was

understanding that pleased to observe

was

formerly,
reverence

well
had the

enough
for
her bitter

that

the

others has

somewhat

diminished."

History
for

echoed

contempt expressed by Clarendon without consistency of purpose,

credit for her

the

queen's
her the

want

of

giving

slightest

iating conjugal forbearance, and her wish of concilher sacrifice at any less has royal husband ; far any far how of Catharine one paused to consider Braganza have been influenced affection her for native might by her depended at that very time for its political country, which the existence It is possible that, on support of England. among
other

threats, Charles
fleets

had

menaced

his consort

with

recalling his

Mediterranean, and that she had been informed that the only means of averting this evil would be to propitiate the woman by whom, to his eternal her husband to be governed. disgrace, permitted himself
Catharine
treated

from

the

young

Crofts, as

Charles

at first called

CATHARINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

229
of

hie
to
even

boy, with
his

invariable

kindness, but
as

was

course

opposed
and ject, subon

being publiclyacknowledged
expressed
as

his

majesty's son,
the letter
:
"

herself from
duke

with
the

unwonted

violence
curious

we

find the

following
York
to

of her

brother-in-law

of

Clarendon

"

My
his

brother
son, and she
to

hath
in

spoken
never

with

the

queen
told face him

Thursday. yesterday concerning the owning

'

"

of

much

passion she
see

that,

from

the time be
you

he to

did
see

any you

such

thing,
you

would

his
that

more.' advise

I would

glad

before for my
"

go

the

parliament,
me

I may

with

what

is to be

done,

brother the

tells

he
i

will do

whatever

I please.

For

Chancellor."

Notwithstanding
created

the

of disapprobation of

her
and

majesty, Charles
gave him
his cedency pre-

this
over

youth
every
treated

duke duke him

Monmouth,
in the realm such

except
been

royal
honors to

brother, and
that his
it
was

with

extraordinary
he had
his
successor.

generally reported
and meant to with queen

that

married

mother,

declare

him

This
to his

might have been attended legitimate offspringif the the distress agitation and
suffered ventured
cost to Charles reckon. most

serious had mind

on

consequences

of

the

heir

which

proved a mother, but the royal bride had he had prematurely

poets, pays
a

Waller,
turned

the

eloquent

of

court

well-

Catharine's compliment to the beauty of queen eyes he in the following graceful birthday ode, which composed Mrs. and which her in her to was Knight by honor, sung Catharine's Saint on 25th, the day her day, November majesty completed her twenty-fifthyear :
"

"

This A

happy day
named saint

two

lights are
matchless crowned

seen,

glorious saint, a

queen

Both

alike, both above, the

years did which

appear
;

"

The

infanta

here

May
The

all those

Catharine

martyr
Be

for heaven to the line

us

resign,
here !

added blest

Of For
And

your

life among

all the all the

pains
many

that

she of

did

feel, wheel,
;

torments

her

May

you

as

pleasures share

"

MS.

Lanedowne,

12.36; article

77, fol.

119.

Inedited.

230

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

May
With

Heaven
Catharine

itself the

content

saint !

Without

appearing
times
as

old,
you, now,

An With

hundred eyes

may

bright as

This

happy day
to he

behold

!"

Waller

again
then
:
"

took

occasion
verses

eulogize the
on a

beautiful which
some

eyes
she

of

this queen
at the

in the

wrote

card in

tore,

fashionable

game

of

ombre,
value your

little fit of

impatience

**

The So Who

cards do

you

tear

in

rise.
eyes ;

the

wounded

by

to celestial

things aspire.
the

Are, by that passion,raised

higher."
to

It
way

was

not

often

that

Catharine

on petulance,even to have kept the resolution she promised not to give

to

permitted herself signalprovocations. She

she avowed to

give

appears Clarendon, when

of

her

rival.

"

Dr.

the ject subto passion again on way Pierce tells me," says Pepys, " that at
"

my
more

lady
and sir

Castlemaine's than and

interest the sir

court

increases, and
she
hath

is

in

greater H. Bennet,
is
a

queen's,
Charles
takes

that

brought
that the

Barkeley;
all with
no

but
the

queen

most

good lady, and

felt her her

greatest
than

meekness.''
when she

Catharine
vented

wrongs

less

keenly

words indignant feelings in angry and had floods of tears ; but she of restraining gained the power from her inward becoming visible to those pangs made When who lady Castlemaine, sport of her agony. one on entering the bedchamber day while her majesty was the her How at toilette,had presumption to ask her could the have she patience to sit so long a-dressing?" Madame," replied the queen, with great dignity, I have much to use 80 reason patience,that I can well bear such a
" " "

trifle." '
The at the

day of the year palace of Whitehall.

when supper, he got into the
was

last

1662

concluded company

with did

grand

ball

The

not

assemble

till after tells

us

that
room

place,which

crowded
^

indefatigablesight-seer, Pepys, the dancing was where to take with fine ladies. By and by,"
"

Pepys.

CATHAEINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

231

pursues

he,
and

"

comes

the

king
ones.

and After out

queen,

the

duke

and

duchess,
all
rose

all

the the

great

seating
duchess duke
of

themselves, York,
Monmouth
and

again
the

king
of

took

the the

the

duke my danced

duchess

Buckingham,
other
^

of

lady
'

Castlemaine,
the brantle.' and noble the
'

lords
that

other the
one

ladies,

they lady
other
a

After the

king
after
to

led

single
ladies
:

coranto,
very

then

lords,
and

another,
see.

it

was,

pleasant
the

Then

to

country-dances,
for
was,

king
old

leading
dance all of the

first, which
The in

he

called
manner

by
when

name

as

the

England.'
ladies the

the

king

dances,
stand than

room,

and

the
and

queen
much

herself,
better

up
the

and,
duke in

indeed,
of

he

dances
At than

rarely,
this ball

York."

lady
the

Castlemaine queen
and

appeared
the she
duchess

richer
York

jewels
put

those It
on

of
was

of
induced

together.
to

whispered
all
the

that Christmas
one

had

the which
the

king

bestow had

her to

presents

peers

given
were

him,

"

reason,

perhaps,
other
it
was

why
matters

such of

offerings
court

continued. disdetailed

Among by Pepys,
we

gossip
the her

find

reported
he
was

that

king
down

manded reprithe to the

lady
dance,
queen, for and

Gerard,

as

leading lady
to

having
afterwards

spoken

against
forbade
her

Castlemaine
attend

her

majesty

any

more.

Or

brawl,
danced hand

dance

then

in number

rogue,
of

wMch

appears where

to

have

been

sort

of

ootillon

by
and

great
leads all

persons,

each

gentleman

takes

his

partner's

round.

CATHARINE

OF

BRAGANZA,
THE AND

QUEEN-CONSORT
OF GREAT

OF

CHARLES BRITAIN

SECOND,
IRELAND.

KING

CHAPTBE

II.

Conjugal
"

infelicity of the
Plot her with
"

queen
her
"

"

F^te

of

St.
"

George
Her

"

Queen

dances
difficulties Rome
"

with
"

mouth MonCharles

to
more

invalidate

marriage
secret

pecuniary
with

accords in love

respect
Frances

Her
"

correspondence
goes
at to

The

king
and

Stuart

Court illness

Tunbridge
"

Wells, king's
queen
" "

Bath,

Bristol

Catharine's Her delirious

dangerous
fancies to the her sick rivals
"

Whitehall about
a

The

passionate
bassador am-

grief

"

"

Speculations
chamber
"

new

French
convalescence

admitted
"

of

queen

Catharine
to

Her

Quarrels
Her voyage
"

between
to

Her

petulance
defeat at at to of

the

Spanish
fleet

ambassador

"

Woolwich

Signal
The
"

the

Dutch and

by
"

the

duke

of

York

The

great
"

Plague
The

court rage

Salisbury

Oxford

The
"

queen's Disgrace
cates advo"

disappointment
of

king's

Frances abduct
the taste
to
a

Stuart's
the
"

marriage
"

Clarendon

"

Buckingham's
"

project
against
want

queen
Her

Dr.

Burnet

polygamy lampoons Audley

the End
"

Dark

plots
"

queen
for fair
"

imprudence
arts

Cruel
at

on

the
"

queen

Her

of

the
Her

fine

The
"

court

Queen's
love

incognito
of to
"

visit
"

Norfolk
and

progress
Newmarket
"

with
" "

king

Her

archery
the

The
"

court

at

Euston to of

Shaftesbury's
of masks and

enmity
the

queen

Royal

visits

the
Italian

fleet

First
"

duction intro-

opera

Catharine's

patronage

music

English

melodies.

The of

new

year

opened,
and

as

the

old

had in

closed, with
which
court and the
was

series

courts,
of

balls,

other
little

gayeties,
part.
in

ill-treated considered
to

bride
at

Charles
time

took

Her

this of

inferior, both

splendor
queen
of

correctness,
and the
her

that

her
a

royal
very

mother-in-law

Henrietta,
from

she serving timelent inso-

received

trifling degree
were

homage
on

courtiers, who
rival.' to her

intent associates of Her

and Pepys.

propitiating
of the
queen
was

The
him in

profligate
his

king
termed
; her

endeavored

justify
in moral

neglect
way.

the

by depreciating bigotry
;

every

possible

piety

her

rectitude, stiffness
1

precision

simplicity

232

234
"

CATHARINE

OF

BKAGANZA.

That

he

had

brought
marriage
case

the

king
her
due

and

queen the
with

together without refusing

either
or

any

settled

agreement
a

about

rites,whereby
of of

queen child

to be

married

by

Protestant made
a

in priest,

being
in

the his

succession
be

should

be
to

uncertain

for want his

rites of his

matrimony,
own

majesty
a

suspicion of

being

married

dominions

by

Romish

exposed priest."

highly offended with the earl of Bristol for his audacity in venturing to challenge inquiry into his him nuptials,that he forbade secretlyperformed Catholic
The

king

was

so

his presence, An of attack

on

and this

threatened

him

with

his utmost

vengeance.
from the earl

subject came
become asked
a

oddly enough
member what
it had of him

Bristol, who
Charles
to that

had
once

the

church
his

of
version con-

Eome.

caused your

belief?

"May

please
"

for the Eeformation," writing a book the royal wit, Pray, my lord," retorted had nobleman This inconsistent popery."
was
" '

majesty, it replied the earl.

a

write from

book

for

the of

first the

proved
queen,

himself whom
was

one

of

the

most

determined

enemies
of

Catharine
received

very
and
was

regarded as the peculiarly unfortunate little protection and exposed

to

he

protegee
under
no

Clarendon.
; she

this idea from

his

all the

sympathy of hostility

endon, Clar-

political

foes.
and difficulties with which vexations Among the numerous the royal consort had to contend during the first year of her the least of them, was not marriage, and poverty, of the income having only been paid a very paltry modicum that was settled upon her by the marriage-articles. Catharine had the her prudence to accommodate outlay to her no receipts,and made complaints of the grievance till she that learned an expenditure of 40,000Z. was charged to her account

among
measures

the

proper

expenses to inform
of

of

the

crown.

She of

then

took

the herself
no more

committee and

parliament
she
^

that,
up
to

"for that

the

support
instance

household,
4000Z." was,
were

had
paralleled un-

time
an

received

than
in
a

So

of economy
men

queen

of course,

duly appreciated by
well whom
aware

of

business, who

only
of

too
on

of

the

the
"

money Aubrey.

unprincipled extravagance for provided by the nation

"

those

the

mainte-

Pepys.

CATHAEINB

OF

BEAGANZA.

235
been lavished. the Few

nance
men

of the wife
treat

of the wives

sovereign had
better
for

their

the

playing

Griselda

on

all

occasions, and
The

those.

after
a

portion

of

II. was of not one assuredly Charles moral in redisplayed by the queen fusing, courage she had been wrongfully deprived of so large her to the income, to submit imputation of

having

exceeded
as

it, appears
he about this

rather

to have to pay

increased
her
some

his
tention at-

respect for her,

in

certainlybegan
time. A

public
manner

great change
to conform the

took

place
to

in

her

also; she
means

became power,

lively, playful,and
herself
queen
was

endeavored, by all

in her
In

majesty's recommended by
to time

his

humor.^ her of

May, physicians to
medicinal
nor

1663,
go
to

Tunbridge "Wells,
; but

try
the

the

effect
neither

the

waters had

when

the

came,

she

her

ofScers

any

council journey. Her some relief, and together to devise plan for her her sent Hervey, and secretary, lord Cornbury, Mr.

pay

expense

of the

to money called were

they
lord
to procure

Brounker,
an arrear.
"

to the

lord

treasurer for

three

different

times
due to

assignment

the lord

money

that

was

her

on

terfield, Cornbury, to the earl of Cheshis lordship told us her lord chamberlain, all that revenue was already anticipated; that he could not possibly fix any fund for the that, for her majesty's ; but queen endeavor Mr. to furnish present supply, his lordship would all he could was 2000Z.,which Hervey with yet possibly is able to defray her majesty do ; and how far such a sum in her well lordship is very journey to Tunbridge your noon, able to judge. Upon report hereof to the council this afterordered lord lord chamberlain, my they have my the Mr. Hollis, and Hervey to attend king, and to desire

But,'' writes

"

his

majesty
all

prepare
to her

command

of green board cloth to to the give orders things for the queen's journey to Tunbridge, and for 50001. to be immediately paid to the queen to

occasions. particular shall know you the

What the
next
'

success

this will
if you

have

your

lordship to give me
'
"

by

post,
The

please
the

to allow

trouble."

sequel of

business

Pepys.
Letters
of lord

Chesterfield,chamberlain

to Catharine

of

Braganza, pp. 127-129.

236
may Wells

CATHAKINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

easilybe guessed, for the queen did till July, when some part of her Catharine accompanied the king on they city on the 20th of May, when A few she days afterwards mayor.
the
news

not
arrears

go to

Tunbridge was paid.

to the

his state-visit dined

was

with

the

lord with
the

rejoiced
in which
was

of the army

memorable
under

battle John combined

were

of of

Amexial,
Austria
arms

Spanish
with

don the

defeated,
and

great
been
field.

loss,by
The found It
was

of
near

England
of

Portugal.
it had
on
a

Spaniards
necessary
on

then set the

so

Lisbon, that

to

fortunes
the

Portugal
de

this

occasion

that

conde

"Villa

Plor, the
with which

Portuguese general, on
colonel Hunt and

witnessing his regiment

don
"

the

gallantry
their
was

forced Austria
are

passage

up

the

steep
in

hill where
an

John

of

posted, exclaimed
to
us

ecstasy,
The
valiant

These

heretics

better
of

than

all

our

saints !"
his

weak-minded
allies with
on
a

king
the

tugal Porof

only
snuff,which
Charles them
as

rewarded

present

they contemptuously 40,000

of his
crowns

scattered to

ground.
among

II. ordered
a

be

distributed

testimony
of the
a

approbation.'
whose
her

Catharine

Braganza,
fate
more

heart

had

been
on a

torn

with

anxiety while balance,

assumed

of

country hung

doubtful

carriage after the event of this battle secured the independence to Portugal, and recognition of their rights sceptre to her family. The always to have been the object dearest to her heart. appears her that It was solicitude on this account rine betrayed Cathainto the improper step of persuading her royal husband, after her Eichard soon marriage, to send very Bellings,one of the gentlemen of her household, on a secret
mission to

cheerful

Eome,
his

to

convey for

letter

from

her

to

the

pope,
of

imploring
good
God amelioration

offices

protection she was ready

of

Portugal to perform
of the

for the
in

sake

the

the
"

condition

England for the Catholics there,taking

of of
'

to witness had induced

that her

neither
to

the

desire

crowns

or

tres scepher

become

queen

England,
In

but

wish

of

serving
^
*

the

Catholic
Account
Real

religion."
of

the

same

strain

Colbatch'B Hist. Casa

Portugal.
Provas.

Portuguesa.

CATHARINE

OF

BBAGANZA.

237

she

addressed

several recommended be made The connection

more

of

the

cardinal cardinals, especially the lord

in

Ursini, and almoner, to

many virtues.

Aubigny,
consideration she

her

head of of his the

cardinal,

sanguine hopes

expressed
means

Portuguese
England
Rome had
once

becoming
into communion

the

of

bringing
church of

with

the

perhaps some weight with the pontiff when he, at her brother last,acknowledged as king of Portugal. The of Bellings was mission unobserved not by the vigilant foes of the queen, and it was on probably the foundation which the agitators of the strous Popish plot' built their monfabrication that caused the shedding of so much innocent blood. of England, ought to Catharine, as queen have avoided all cause for suspicion that she was acting under of the the influence papal see ; but her enthusiastic zeal for the advancement of her and her love own religion, for her own her forgetful of the improcountry, rendered priety of violating the established of the realm her laws husband ruled, by entering into interdicted correspondences and A circumstance dangerous intrigueswith Eome. more extraordinary, however, than practices of the queen any
'

in

favor

of

the

faith of of

in which

she

was

educated,
to
was

was

the

avowed of the

conversion

lady

Castlemaine The
queen

the

doctrines

means by no charmed at the unexpected acquisition of so disreputable a the relatives of proselyte to her religion. The lady were pose excessively annoyed at it,and implored the king to interher from his authority to prevent going to mass. he Charles interfered never sarcasticallyreplied "that fact was, with the souls of ladies." ' The lady Castlemaine's influence the over beginning to abate, and she king was of being abandoned was cunningly preparing, in case by her royal lover, to pave the way for a reconciliation with her served, obby embracing his religion. It was injured husband

church

Eome.

with
court
on

that she was absent great satisfaction, several public occasions, especially at a

from

review

of
on

the
the
I

park

king's guards, 4th of July, which

Letters of
count

both

horse

and

foot, in

grand Hyde
"

Pepys
to Louis

describes
XIV.

as

d'Estrades

238

CATHAEINB

OP

BEAGANZA.

goodly sight,to see the king and duke

queen-mother's
there." geon,
to

so on

many

fine
and

horses
the

and two

and officers, queens

not

horseback,
my he
"

in the

coach,
later for

lady
says,
that

Castlemaine
I met

being
chirur-

Six who

days
me

Pierce,

the

tells

certain
than queen, do."

my

he
more

lady Castlemaine begins to love the

than he used
to

king ordinary, and

and do make

the

is grown colder that he believes much of her

The
of the

next

thing
world in

that
was,

excited
the

the

wonder

and

admiration of
in the

riding
before

gay hand

unwonted
queen

sight

hand

with
and

Catharine

the

king park,

rine, Cathagallants of the court ; and according to the testimony of that excellent critic in female beauty, Samuel Pepys, looked mighty pretty''in a waistcoat laced namely, "a white costume, queer very and vocabulary of dress a spencer], [calledin the modern crimson hair short with la negligence. Here a a petticoat, also," proceeds he, was lady Castlemaine, riding among my the the rest of the ladies ; but king took, methought, no notice when of her, nor she alighted did anybody press (as she seemed to expect, and stayed for it)to take her down, but was taken down by her own gentlemen. She looked mighty out of humor, and had a yellow plume in her hat (which all took notice of), and yet is very handsome, but did melancholy ; nor anybody speak to her, or she so very much I followed smile or speak to anybody. them as up all the
ladies
" "

to

Whitehall, walked,

and

into

the

queen's presence,

where

all the

ladies

hats and talking and fiddling with their each other's feathers, and on changing and trying them the finest sight to me, heads, and laughing ; but it was con. and dress. But, above sidering their great beauties all, Mrs. Stuart
with in

this
sweet

dress, with
is

her

hat

cocked
nose, and

and

red

plume,
taille saw, exceed I

her
or

eyes, little Roman

now

excellent
ever

[shape
think,

form],
all my

the

greatest beauty I
if
ever woman

in

life ; and
at

can,

does

lady Castlemaine, my verily believe is the reason

not Pepys was suspicion was whispered

least
his

in

this

dress, which
to

of

coldness

my

lady

Castlemaine." this

the
in

only

the

by whom court, together with

person

CATHAEINE

OF

BRA6ANZA.

239
of the dom thral-

the

hint

that

the
he
was

king
but
that

had

been his

long
to him

weary

in which

held

by
had

imperious mistress, whom

love, and
to

he

greatly feared principal attraction

of late
was

had

ceased
drawn

that

the

her

apartments
was

the
manners

company
in

of the this

fair Stuart.'

Such

the Blan-

laxity of
tyre, the

father

of

this time
fair
; she

profligatecourt, that lord beautiful girl,permitted

so

her
as

to

spend
and
of far

much

of her The

with

notorious
was

woman

lady

Castlemaine.
full of the
as

Stuart
was

very

coquetry
could of

flattered herself

young, with the

his in
man

very vain, admiration

sovereign, and
she without
a

amused

with

involving
and
a

herself
married

passion as actual guilt.

can never

The be

attentions

monarch

innocently, much though Frances Stuart her reputation sufiered

The
queen, to whom

less
never

safely,received

from
the at

by any lady, and committed a lapse from chastity, her rash flirtations with royalty. had long been Tunbridge waters
obtained
from the
a crown

recommended,
of furnish
on

having
arrears

length
to

payment

on

count ac-

the
the

due funds

her

sufficient to
thither

needful of

for her

journey, removed
determined of
to

the

25th
it is

July.

The

king
motives had
was

accompany

her, not,
because her
1

feared, from Stuart, who

of

the

fair

but conjugal afl'ection, just been appointed one of

in attendance.

majesty's maids
Many
scandals
it is if she her line

honor,
are

touching
that

this lady

afloat in the

court

history
of
a

of

Charles Anne
very of
a

II., yet Boleyn,

poor,
for

certain had
not

she

might

have

played
than

the tb"t
a

part

second

possesseda
and his of all

better

heart

queen.

She branch

was

father, Walter
of

Stuart, lord
course
a

Blantyre,
near

younger
to

the

legitimate
La
in Belle

Lenox,
lost bom

kinsman of of his

the

crown,

was

lant galI.

cavalier, who
Stuart
and
was

in

the

defence the of death the and

royal
of

relative, Charles
was

just

before
one

Charles

I. ; she Henrietta
was

educated

France,
drew

very

early

became

train
when

Maria.
to return

Her
to

charms

the

attention

of Louis with

XIV.,
queen
young her
was

she

about Louis
at

England
queen,

after the

Kestoration
induce
on

Henrietta

Maria,
to

endeavored,
court.

by flattering promises, to however,

a

the

beauty
oS" with

stay
maid
was

his

The her

insisted

carrying
her

her.

Louis

presented
to

with

rich jewel at her

departure. Among
;

She

appointed
she other

of honor

queen

Catharine, yet, notwithstanding

lofty descent,
her

nearly
one

destitute,
life

excepting
haa of her
an

this

appointment.
her

conquests,

in

humble

immortalized
form

beauty
Britannia

for the

Philip Rotier, the royal medallist, took the model the coinage ; a figure which on presents copper
elegance
and

exquisiteunion

of slender

roundness

of contour.

240
After

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

month's

residence
in
was

at

Tunbridge Wells, the queen's

a

health baths medical

continued of Bourbon attendants.

so

precarious
considered

state

that

visit to the her

necessary

for

by

her

unprincipled appropriation of her income left her majesty destitute of by her royal consort the of undertaking of a means journey into the heart been willing, if she had France, even by quitting England,
to and leave

The

the

field open
the chance not
so

to

her
never

rival

in

Charles's

affections,
to return. leave

hazard
was

of

Catharine
game in

imbecile

a nor

being allowed princess as to

yet
the
in
to

the
in
a

her and

enemies'

hands,

involve of

herself

difSculties

unpopularity
there
one was

for
one

sake

going

to

foreign
Alexander her
which would

spa, when

Eraser,
answer

of
same

the

he

earnestly
"

advised had

sir England which the king's physicians, assured Bath, of ; namely, purpose her trial, majesty to make queen Henrietta Maria them

telling her
to

that and the

he

attended

Bourbon,

preciselyof
therefore,
very

having analyzed "the springs, found same quality as those at Bath." " To
Catharine
decided to
on

Bath,

queen

going,
her.

and

the
The

king
royal

complaisantly agreed
took

accompany
their then

pair

up

their the

abode,

with
of the

Abbey
Dr.
all the

house,
time

residence

Pierce, and
she
to at

her
was

majesty taking
much

remained the

personal retinue, in celebrated physician. under his care during

which

waters, from

she

was

considered

derive

benefit.''

While
personages
which

Bath,
of

their

majesties,attended
a

by
in

the
to

principal

the

court, made
details
are
"

state-visit

Bristol, of
corpora^ Charles II.

the

following
of that
queen
came

preserved
from

the

tion
with

records his them of

city :"
duke

1663, Sept. 5th.

Bath
and
a

Catharine James

came

to

Bristol, and duchess, the

train of

with duke

of

York

his

Monmouth,
came

nobility. They
" '

prince Eupert, and in by the way

great
Lawford's

of

gate,

History
Bath court would
were

of

Bath.

Memoirs,
twice

by Dr. Pierce.
or

Dr.

Pierce,in
at

his Bath

Memoirs,
his

states

that

the

thrice of

at hia

house

the

abbey during
of

life. and

This,
queen

then,
Anne.

be

Catharine

Braganza, Mary

Beatrice

Modena,

242

CATHAKINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

where cook

the
to

water

rose

so

high
of

that

it

was was

impossible for
ordered her for

the his

roast

the

chine When

beef Mrs.
to

that

majesty's
with
house

supper. this communicated

a on

Sarah,
her

housekeeper,
told
set

disaster

mistress, she
she
it must
was

her,
the to

formidable
fire of

exclamation,
it must

"that

but Mrs.

be

roasted

;" so

carried there.' and

or an

the the

house two

Sarah's

husband, and

cooked

On

Charles

the following nights, October again supped with lady Castlemaine. this return for the
to

11th Two

12th,
three heir illness

days after to England

was

his old
were

all hopes of follies,

present

lost,and

the

queen's

by a fever of so alarming a character, that her death was hourly expected, and, indeed, reported in the The at the court.' sight of her king, conscience-stricken sufferings and danger, gave way to a burst of passionate told and tenderness and wept bitterly. Catharine remorse, which him but him she willingly left all the world ;" on he threw his knees himself on by her bedside, and bathing with her hands live for his sake.'" tears, begged her "to
succeeded
"

She

consoled him
"

him she

with

much

calmness
see

and him
some

ing sweetness, tellin

a

that it

should
his

rejoiceto
to

state

that
of

would

put
merit

into than

power

greater
to his

herself,and

marry who would

princess
more

contribute

happiness and the good of his realm." They removed but not till he the king by force from this agitating scene, much was so overpowered by his feelingsas to be on the point of fainting; while the few Portuguese attendants been she had whom permitted to retain, distracted every
one

with The

their

doleful

cries

and

lamentations.*

queen of
a

courage
She
made

contemplated philosopher
will,gave
the very received
were

the
and

approach of death the serenity of a

for many
sacraments

with

the

Christian. arrangements, church.

her
and

orders last

domestic of
her

Her
of

doctors
time

they occupied

angry the

priestsfor the length royal patient in performing the

with her
a

1 '

Pepys.
Letter
from

Ibid.
in

Arlington
M.
de

to

Ormonde,
in

October

17, 1663,

Brown's

Miscellanea

Aulica.
*

Lettres

de

Lionne,

Pepys; Appendix.

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

243

exciting Bolemnity
course

of

extreme

unction, which

they
to

of

concluded chances of

would
her

aggravate her
a

fever,and

diminish all she then

the

recovery.

Contrary, however,
which She

expectation, she
remained
with

fell into little

profound sleep,in interruption five hours.

gargled her mouth, her malady being a spotted fever accompanied with sore throat, and then sunk to sleep diminution in the violence of the no again, but there was fever, her pulse beating at the rate of twenty to the king's both watching over her. or were lady Suifolk's,who By
awoke,
her her
own

desire
shaved.

she

had
"

her

luxuriant

dark

hair
"

cut

and oif,

head

disconsolate weep
; which

for
some

king," says Pepys, is most fondly makes her her, and weeps by her, which this day told me he reckons one a good
away queen
some

The

sign, as
several

it carries

rheum

from between

her

head."

For death.

days
the
"

the

vibrated

life and his

Lionne,

French

ambassador,
25th

that,
that

between
entertained

the

little
had

royal master, and 29th of October, the physicians hopes of her recovery." He says,
wrote to extreme
"

"

after two

she

received to the

unction, she
that her tomb the of her

ferred pre-

requests

king,

one,

body might
tors ances-

be

sent

to

Portugal
other, that
had entered

for interment
he

in the

; the

would
never

remember to and

obligation into
interests his

which those
to

he

separate his
to continue last

from

of the

king
cool the The

her

brother,

protection

her

distressed the

proceeds
in time

people.' For the diplomatist, we

"

of

these learn

requests,"
the
success

shall he

; for

other,

doubt
to

not
me

will

very
much

willingly
afflicted ; lady Cas-

satisfyher.
he

king

appears

very

supped, nevertheless, yesterday evening with usual with mademoiselle tlemaine, and conversed as
with
whom that he is very this much in

love."

'

It

was

Stuart, generally
had made II.
was

believed almost
as

Anne

destined death.'
in
^

lively young beauty, who as deep an impression on the heart of Boleyn formerly did on that of Henry for the of same preferment in case Charles, however, passed a great deal
chamber
of

Charles

YIII.,
the
of

queen's
his time perPepys.

the

of Lionne,

his
in

sick

wife,

and

bestowed
^

much
8

Despatches

Pepys; Appendix.

Ibid.

244 sonal attendance

CATHARINE

OP

BEAGANZA.

on

her.

Of
were

this she

was

though
of in
was

her

intellects

disordered her
a was

ble, gratefully sensiby the violence She

the her

fever, which delirium,

troubled

greatly affected
that

brain.
son, and
an

fancied,
"

she
that

had her

borne

said,
"

She

The

very like
with

ugly boy." her, said, No, it is a king, being present, to humor Nay," replied she, tenderly, if it be pretty boy." be well pleased you, it is a fine boy indeed, and I would
much
" "
"

boy

but

it." continued and her

passionate instincts of maternity the childless queen, days to haunt of nothing but sleepingor waking, were
The On
and the

for

eral sev-

her

thoughts, spring.' imaginary offshe

had

27th

of October

she

fancied

three,

girl was very like the king, and, happy in the that idea, she slept several hours night. At five in the her by feeling morning her physician unwittingly awaked she said her pulse, and the first word How do the was, This children ?" to pleasant delusion perhaps contributed than the pigeons that Catharine's were more recovery plied apthe cordial to her feet,or prescription of sir Francis in her despair,did Prujeon, her doctor, which Pepys says, Waller, with that exquisite perception of give her rest." the female utes, attribheart which belongs to poetic inspiration, with the almost miraculous toration resgreater probability, of the queen effect of her to the royal husband's In the complimentary verses tender which this sympathy. from to her courtly poet addressed majesty on her recovery
that the
" ' "

he illness, in the

alludes

to the

tears

which
:
"

Charles

wept

over

her

following graceful lines

"

He So His More For When

On

that many tears

was

never

known
from for

to

mourn

kingdoms
reserved

him
more

torn,

you,

dear,
were.

prized,than
when
no

all those art

kingdoms fail'd,
the

healing
and

prevail'd,
shower,

cordials your

elixirs he

pale cheek
you
like
a

dropped

Revived

dying

flower,"

The lier

recovery

of

the

queen
a

was, time
so

however,

very

slow, and
that

state
1

continued Pepys.

for

precarious
"

Pepys

Ibid.

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

245

records

"

that

he

prudentiallysent
till he

to

atop the
she

making
would

of live

his velvet
or

cloak,
the

should
are

see

whether

die," so variously at times

the minds

of human
on

beings
which
a

affected

by

consideration

of the hold
on

frail tenure

fellow-creature

report of
"

her

supposed to majesty's health

mends apace,
continues

is

existence the
29th

The

general
was,

of

October On

The
"

queen

but

yet

talks

idle still."

the

30th,

light-headed,but in hopes to recover." She was of danger in the first week not out of November, when she was exposed to the fatigueand excitement of a state-visit from monsieur de Lionne, the PVench sador, ambasand de Cateu, a gentleman of rank monsieur from the of Louis had court arrived from Paris the night XIV., who from that before, charged with compliments of condolence monarch and his queen to her majesty on her sickness. still kept her bed, and Catharine had occa^ Although queen sional fits of delirium, it was of royal etiquette that a matter the greetings of their French majesties should be delivered and that she should to her in person, give them a gracious that it was the fashion at reception. It is to be remembered and that time for kings, queens, nearly allied to the persons and both in England with France, to be harassed a crown, in the time thousand of sickness ; impertinent ceremonies and and the more the danger, the solemn imminent more
queen elaborate
were

The

the

ceremonies, and

the

greater

the

influx

of to

visitors, rendering the doubtful

chances

to impossible. The luxury of privacy was in those in public, bom royal personages days. They were in public,they ate and drank they dressed and undressed in public,and they died in public,surrounded by a crowd of princes, bishops, judges, cabinet ministers, and foreign last agonies, for they were ambassadors watching their
never a

of recovery next allowed never

allowed

the

comfort

of

quiet

room

in

sickness, or

aU

peaceful departure from and this parade pomp

of the illustrious of

this life.
of

And

notwithstanding
intricate attributed

death, every
was

malady patient's through

so

symptom to the
of

effects

poison, administered
of
kin.

the

machinations

the As

nearest

Charles

II. had

been

indifferent

husband,

and

the

246 reversion
to the the and

CATHAEINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

of his

royal
and

hand

was

already awarded, by report,

was

fair Stuart

others, he
should have

of

course

desirous

that

envoys

of Prance to

the
that

speaking
hastened monsieur

the
not

worst, bear
her

his poor honorable

queen,

opportunity of seeing they might, in case of

for it
was

testimony departure. Late as

arrived in to

him

that
in the

he

had

evening
diately imme-

when

Cateu

London,

he

was

by the ambassador, who The knew was impatient for his coming.' king Charles him to see him graciously,and wished king received very the queen asleep, the visit was directly; but as she was till the deferred next day. At the appointed hour they into the ruelle and introduced were by king Charles came, The of her majesty's bed." king, according to the report of M. de Lionne, took the ary pains to deliver the complimentconducted Whitehall messages Catharine fever very
made

of the

king
her
so

and cost deaf

queen him

of
some

France

to

himself,
rendered to

which

trouble,
was

for

queen the

had
close to

that
in her

it

only by going
she

her,

and

bawling
what
of
was

ear, that

could

be

understand
the

said.

When

she

testified

much

really purport and said satisfaction,

"

this

unseasonable
a

comprehended visit,she
to that
tinues conex-

few

words that

effect,in reply, very intelligibly. Since the ambassador, who certainly never

time,"
have

could

such misery of being teased with absurdity during the low stage of a malignant pompous it better ; and typhus fever, her majesty finds herself that the care ing to me seems majesty has taken in sendyour

perienced

himself

the

"

to

make

her

this

visit has

contributed
us

more

to is out

her

cure

than

all the

doctors.

They

make

hope

she

of dan-

1 '

Despatches
This
was
a

of

M.

de

Lionne, October
or

26-November alcove between

or

6, 1663.
the bed who
and
were

was

the

space

alley

in

the

the

wall,

which with

approached by confidential private interview, through a

a

attendants,
small door
:

persons the

honored
cating communiof

near

bed's

head,
old in

with

secret

passage
reference

and
to

staircase
this

the

proverbial expression
In the
seen

stairs backand

intrigues has
hotels
in

arrangement.
may
two

palaces
the
state

France In
some

the

fashion

of

the
are

alcove

still be

rooms. bed-

chambers

there
the
are
room

alcoves, forming
and
or

small and

apartments,
sometimes

separated from the rest of which by elegant draperies,

by

silk

wire closed

curtains,
at

festooned

back

pleasure.

CATHARINE

OF

BBAGANZA,

247
the
to to

ger, but
brain
cause

she

wanders

is

affected,for

which shows that frequently still, the fever is scarcely high enough One
meanest must

that

believe

symptom. this, for the

have the

seen

what

I have
takes

among
master

courtiers

the

again, each according to his own confident inclination,but the most speak of the the king of daughter of the prince de Ligne,'from which Spain might gain some advantage ; but I can assure your majesty that these projects are very likelyto be broken by that the recovery of the sick, and few people will rejoice
in

liberty of marrying

his

royal

it,unless
see

it be the the
fine

duke

and

duchess
at

of

York, who
bear

would
them

otherwise

hopes

which

present flatter
observer

distanced,
It
was

as

it is said

observed

king
very for

Charles's gray,
which

by hair, during
seemed

this queen can that universal the

never

children."

Pepys,
to the

that

had queen's illness,

an

grown monarch
a

to afford

excuse

adopting
"

the

then
was

prevailing fashion
introduced at the

of
era

wearing
of his

wig, perithe
the

mode

that

tion restora-

by prudent
sneers

roundheads,

of the
In

court

thought to avoid by emulating the flowing locks of

of three
or

who

cavaliers. had the

to

the

course

four

follyto cut off their periwig imitations, which

cover

the

envied
their

years, love-locks
enemies

the cavaliers
and had

put

on

old

devised

the became
even

evidence

loyalty
himself confessed it cut

to

principles when the fashion. Pepys, though he indulged in the article of periwigs, extravagance
of

their

late

party

that

the

duke
to

of

York's
covered

hair, even
with
one

when

he

saw

short

in order

be

of these

modish

served instead. appendages, was pretty enough to have The soon ringletperiwig of the Restoration amplified into fashion the tasteless of the campaign and Marlborough in turn succeeded barisms barwere by the endless wigs, which of perukes, bag-wigs, tic-wigs,cannon-wigs, and than a century and a quarter, bob-wigs, which, for more the countenances of English gentlemen. caricatured The commencement of the and

year

1664

found

queen

rine Catha-

perfectlyrecovered,
1

greatly improved
lady during
a

in her
it
was

Engthen

Charles

had
he

been had

attached
two sons,

to this

his

exile, and
with

reported that

the

fruit of

private marriage

her.

248 lish. The she

CATHAEINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

courtiers
used in to

were

amused to

with

the

pretty
One
one

little

phrases
when horses

order

explain
did

herself.
not full

day,
of the

she that

meant

she say that appeared mettlesome

like of

and
too

tricks, she

did make innocently said, "He affection the king had testified sickness of her appeared to have

much her
as

for

vanity." The during the period

evanescent the it
was
as

been

his

tears,
whom
to

and

he

now

devoted the
more

himself because

openly to
he found Castlemaine
the
more

fair Stuart,

he

admired her

impossible
furiously
own

prevailover jealous of her

with
the

virtue.

Lady

youthful rival,and king decreased, the

her claims
next

more

her

ence influ-

did
at

she
the

assert

theatre, in the
duke of

fiercelyand openly One his attention. day, being on box to that occupied by the king
leaned
over

and to

the

York,

she

several

other
rose

ladies

whisper to his majesty, and then walking into the royal box, seated

boldly
herself of

up,
the which

and, put

at

king's

right hand,
every
one

between

him

and

the

duke

York,

king himself, out of countenance.^ and amiable to the Charles, though a tyrannical husband he was virtuous consort only too tenderly beloved, by whom the from wanted the moral to emancipate himself courage who ceased to love, and shameless he had virago whom exposed him to the contempt of his court. A new and carriage,called a calash,' elegant open very France had been as a brought from present to the king,
there, and
the
'

which
queen

was

the

admiration

of to

every
her

one

who to

saw

it.

The

begged
sister-in-law

the
the

king

allow

her
used. the

duchess

of

York,
seen

in go out the first time in

a

it,with
it
was

Lady Castlemaine, having

loan of
it for
was

them

it,demanded
in

the

first
as

fine

day, for

drive

Hyde
of the The
scene

park,
beau
fair

which

then, carriage
the

now,

the and

fashionable

resort

monde

for made

drives

equestrian exercise.
and
a

Stuart

same

request,
rival

most

violent

took the from

her

place between preference to

that

hour

goddesses ; but the king gave the reigning object of his idolatry,and the hatred between and lady Castlemaine
the The

became
'

irreconcilable.* Popys.

meekness
'

and

forbearance

Count

Hamiltmi.

250

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

royal husband, on the the session of parliament him 21st of March, to see open his majesty delivered occasion a which long in person, on had been greatly annoyed Charles speech from the throne. against his royal by the publication of various caricatures
Queen
Catharine
went

with

her

person
was

led

republican party. In one of these he by the Dutch ging represented with all his pockets turned inside out, beghe In another for money of his parliament. appears third. by a by two ladies,and threatened
queen's
master of in the

The

horse,
the

Edward offence

Montague,
was

was

dismissed
to be

by

the

king
he The

May.
to

His

supposed royal
tress, mis-

his

great

attachment

service

of

his

whose

cause

than

discretion.
to

endeavored

excite
was

warmth more always upheld with profligate companions of the king tague, his majesty's jealousy against Monin have love
a

his

by saying he majesty ought

that

with
of

the
his
own

queen,

and It
was

that
ported re-

to
one

care

wife.

Charles
to his

day forgot his

consort
"

dignity
as

and

the tague, Mon-

respect
in

due
a

virtuous

so

far

to did

ask !"
^

bantering tone,
to the course, his
was

How

his mistress
her faithful any

arine Cathas a

submitted
matter

loss of
not

attendant
one

of

but

would

accept

else

in

his

place

till after

death.
a

Catharine
of

princess of
the in

very and

simple

tastes

and
of

clination inher

which

furniture Whitehall
"

arrangements
me

private apartments Mr. Pierce," says

"

afford

Pepys,

showed she

and

her

closet,where
wants

had

convincing proof the chamber queen's bednothing but some

him

replied the
Tower

king,
and

"

he
set

something
to

to

do.

I'll make
will

records,

him

put

them

in The in

order, which
restless

keeper keep him

the that
was

of in

the
ployment em-

for the

next

twenty
to value

years."
he

activity
the
of

of

antiquarian
mitted com-

republican exerted
to

itself ; the for

good purpose
and itself,
to

reforming
monuments
man

chaos

his

care

felt for the

history imbued
refused
drank either

him to
a

with drink

veneration

regality health,
or

the hat

who

had

king

Charles's

doff

his
an

while

others
for the old times

it,became
of their

stickler

for the and

right
far
on

divine

of

kings,
the

and in

advocate

restoration
to

the

privileges
He
even

immunities
so
as

accorded

the

good
of the
"

consorts.

went

to

justify
own

severity
ears, he

Star-chamber
that if

sentence

that
his

had head
^

been
when

inflicted

his

person,
of his

by declaring
had

they

had

taken

they deprived him

been

only given

his deserts."

Pepys.

CATHABIUTB

OF

BRAGANZA.

251
her

pretty pious pictures and

water at her
near

books

of

devotion, and
had
an

holy
in

head her She

as

she

sleeps.
to
a

She

illuminated hour of
a
was

clock the

bed,
had

in order

see

what

the

night.
and

also

curiously inlaid
silver,which

cabinet contained for

was

ebony,
small

mother-of-pearl, ivory, and

altar
with relics,

all

things

necessary

her
so

devotions." and

king's closet,at this time, adorned with elaborately paintings and

and

The

other

private richly costly

ornaments to be

furniture

that
and

our

author

declared

himself

dazzled absolutely attraction.

were

bewildered
for

with

the

abundance of
his mistresses,

of

objects of they
devise
in the

As

the

apartments

could

Evelyn
Queen
the Dutch character This best

was

everything that luxury or supply, rivalling the descripextravagance tions Arabian and Persian tales in their splendor. the played disdisgusted with magnificence he saw
women.

decorated

with

by

these

Catharine

picture twice to Huysmann, in the this year. She was artist, painted once of St. Catharine, and once as a shepherdess.
sat

for her

artist

chose

her

for the

model

of most

his

Madonnas.

Her costume

portraits are
velvet. affected
in

by Lely,
This silver

and

her

becoming
she
and

is black
of

summer,

however,

her

maids from

honor

lace gowns.

They

all walked

procession to the chapel of St. James's palace, through the park, in this glittering costume, in the bright in England Parasols at morning sunshine. being unknown the gigantic green that era, the courtly belles used shading and which had been her Porintroduced tuguese tans by the queen the ladies,to shield their complexions from sun, when they did not wish wholly to obscure their charms by in general use Both in this were putting on their masks. origin,and for reign. The green shading fan is of Moorish than of a more century after the marriage of Catharine considered an indispensable luxury by our Braganza was used them in open fair and dames, who stately ancestral where at prayers, carriages,in the promenade, and they their devotions from ostentatiously screened public view before their faces while they knelt. by spreading them trade India The opened by Catharine's marriage-treaty

Whitehall

252

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

better fans England with elegance, to be used as lightness and voted dehas of coquetry at balls and plays. Addison weapons in the several Spectator to playful satire on papers of flirt and whence the now these toys, from general terms The have flirtation been derived. genius of Watteau, first brought and other French and Flemish was artists,

supplied the adapted, by their

soon

ladies

of

into
in

notice

by

the

employment
swains

and hoop-petticoats

the cupids, nymphs, and courtships,on the mounts The

hostile it

usual of

painting shepherdesses in full-bottomed wigs, with machinery of antiquated

of

fans.

relations
for

between
the the

Holland

and
commence

England
his

dering ren-

expedient
to
was was

king
to
sea

to

naval

preparations
Sandwich the
queen

maintain to

honor

of

the

ordered

royal
Charles

husband himself
' "
"

early in her promised the pleasure of accompanying the fleet go down to the Hope. to see King
put
thus

country, lord July, 1664, and

notices
is
so

her

desire

to witness

this noble
not out
see

spectacle:
the this

My

wife

afraid

that

she

shall

fleet before

it goes

out, that
on

she

intends

to set

from

Monday next, with the tide ; therefore let all the yachts, except that French ambassador has, be ready at Gravesend time." Catharine enjoyed the gratification of for Charles took both her and his royal mother
the in

place [Whitehall]

afternoon

which

the
that

by
her
on

wish,
board

fleet at

Chatham,

before

it left the

port
went the

the

last week
to ham Chatof

A few May. days again, when, in sun, cool

afterwards consequence
ofi" both
a

they
of

down

great
and

heat

the to

Charles

took
and

his

periwig
and to

waistcoat
on room
a

himself,
he
was

got

violent
to

cold, which bled,

fever, and
for two
or

three
some

obliged days." '

attention

be

brought keep his

court

This
statements of

year

was

excited

at

by
of

the

of Mr.
at

Mompesson,
Tedworth,
who
had

of the

nocturnal

disturbances freaks every

Brit.
an

his

house

Wiltshire, by the
alarmed
his

invisible
1

drummer,
autograph
120,
of folio

family
date ;

night
Mus.

Inedited

letter

of

Charles

11., without

MS.

Lanedowne,
'

202.

Beepatches

Lionne.

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

253

for
to

more

than

year.'
queen,

This
on

story Mr. Mompesson

which
the

the

king

and

Charles queen the

repeated despatched his

chamberlain,
of

favorite, lord
lord neither of

Falmouth,
could
a

and

her truth

Chesterfield, to
them About

examine
see or

into hear

it ; but
was

anything
afterwards discovered
to him

that his

traordinary. ex-

twelvemonth
that

majesty
cheat,

told which

lord Mr.

Chesterfield

he

had

the
:

Mompesson
was,

had

confessed

the

king's

statement

however,

incorrect.

passionate love for her own country betrayed her into a very unlady-like breach of that statelycourtesy with which the science of royalty teaches princes to conceal all public occasions. their private feelingson Her dignity of England ought to have as compelled her to forget queen the national animosity of a daughter of Braganza towards in which she permitted it to break Spain, but the manner forth at the first audience of the new Spanish ambassador, evident at Whitehall, September 19, 1664, is related, with to sir Eichard vexation, by sir Henry Bennet Fanshawe, of Madrid the English minister at the court :
"

Catharine's

"

Three

days
honor been

ago

don his

Patricio

Omeledio and

had

his

audience

of

entry,
to
more

in

the

quality of resident, of
the
could
same

majesty;
queen,

having
him in

finished

that, asked
a

receive

from

the
and
to

who, being

discomposed
his and
on

little
to

than her
in

have he

wished,
therein

forbidding
with
all

harangue
continued his

speak
it in

to

Spanish,
your

submitted
himself

her

pleasure herein,
will

French,

acquitting

fittingrespect

excellency, that

the
'

story, that

I say to part, which not made be thereof, may certainly

altogether surpriseyou."

Spanish
her

was,
a

however,
few weeks that

Catharine's
after

mother's

native

guage, lanof

and

this weak she

made the

manifestation her duke court

to hostility for mourning

nation

put
Medina

on

her
cause

Spanish
of
the but

cousin,

of of
The and

Sidonia.'
'

One

her

intemperate
Addison's have among lord

burst

temper
Drummer,
humor
the of acters charof

This

incident

furnished
House
;

plotof

elegant comedy.
to

or

the

Haunted
the

it would

added
the

the

interest

the

play, if
of

author

had

introduced

dramatis and

peraonte

queen

Catharine's
soon

courtly
killed

chamberlain
side of

the

brave

earl

Falmouth, who,
duke

after, was

by the

his royal commander between the

fleets of

the

of
and

York,
of

in

the

triumphant

naval

engagement

land Eng-

Holland. the earl of Arlington, vol. ii. p. 44.

"

Letters

Ibid.,p.

64.

254 of

CATHAEINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

was,

course,

the

recent

demand be

of

the up

Spanish
to them.

that II.
do
was

Tangier
to

should

given
"

government Charles
more

replied
with
an

this

requisition, that
had with

it than

ancient received
not

he

had

they would place,they

come

had

Tangier of Portugal ; that acquisition of the crown if it as a part of his queen's dowry ; and allow that to give him lawful a right to the that better tell him at once they would
with him

they

they Plymouth

had

no

to

; that

to

quarrel
to

for

it,in which
in her 26th.

case

he

should

know

how

proceed."
went

Catharine
a

with

her

ladies October

state-barge to
The duchess

see

ship-launchat "Woolwich,
were

wind of

and ingham Buckmaids

waves

so

rough
fair
as

that

day

that

the

and of
sea.

the

mistress

honor,
The duke

were

much
alone and

of her Boynton, one indisposed as if they had

no

been

at

queen of

felt

inconvenience.^ ambassador

The
came

king,
in the

the

York,

the

French

The built by was ship, which royal carriages by land. admired Pett, was by the successfullylaunched, and much the finest bow that he ever she had saw ;" king, who said and the French ambassador gives a livelydescription of 70 the grandeur and carried beauty of this vessel,which Charles behaved graciously on this occasion guns. very
"

to

the
were

veteran

naval

commanders

of

the

commonwealth
in his

who

present.
before
now

He

told the
"

French

ambassador,
all had the

jocose way,
but
were

them,

that

they

had

plague,

less perfectly cured of the malady, and were it again than others." went likely to have They then in the Nore down to the turned renewly-launched vessel, and in the royal yacht, where they partook of a noble them to meet banquet. The king's carriages were again at Woolwich. Meantime, a very rough swell came on ; the rain in torrents hail and descended lady but the ; every
queen from
was

sea-sick,and
to

she, who
in

had the

come

with

her

ladies

royal yacht, and was the same expected to return played his majesty and way, the gentlemen a sly trick, by stealing on shore with her ladies and had been taking possession of the coaches which
'

Whitehall

Woolwich

Pepys.

Letter

of

M.

de

Lionne

to

Louis

XIV.

CATHAEINE

OF

BKAGANZA.

255

sent

for his

the

king

and
"

the her the

us.

ambassador,

"making
see

plains it,"com-

excellency,' suffering from

became
in the of

pleasure
effects It
we was
were

to

the

other

tunates unfornot

of

the

tempest, and
to

caring
to and

what

London

barge,

and

impossible for us obliged to get

us

get

horses

carriages at Greenwich Lionne, in this letter,expresses

of

to

take

to

Whitehall." of the

his admiration

eur grand-

the the

British 3d of

ships.
greatest
was

On
had under and

June, 1665, the

naval
won

yet been
the Harwich. Maxims
defeat that duke

gained
of The
of of had the
ever ever a

by England

victory that by the fleet

Southwold editor mentions of the
this

York's

command,

between
and

Dutch
the

Political terrible disaster

biographer pensionary De
fleet
"

Witt

Dutch

as

the

most and

lamentable the
most

befallen

his

country,

signal advantage
He his could brief

gained by England
historian, omit

over

Holland." allusion
in

not,

as

faithful

this

statesman biographical notice of the unfortunate who, up to that period, had governed the states of Holland midable forthat so trading republic the most ably as to render ain, Britin Europe. The fleet of Great naval power the command of that skilful and under intrepid naval in the duke of York, gave their pride a cheek chief, James

hard-fought
the

battle

off

the

coast

of

Suffolk, which

cost

land Hol-

loss,at
the
line The

the

ships

of

lowest computation, of eighteen very and four taken or destroyed, 7000 men, of

admirals. sustained

duke

York, whose fire,blew

in the contest

ship,the Eoyal Charles,

up the Dutch admiral and

the

heaviest

Opdam's
brilliant

ship, the
action

Eendracht,

close
in

encounter,
favor

this

decided

of
of

the 600

British
men.

fleet, with
James and led

the
the

comparatively triflingloss
chase Dutch
till darkness

dismayed
This of the

from

present.
of of Great
the
seas

great national
victories the

preserved the fugitive further castigation for the the most rable memotriumph was
recorded
in the

successive

naval

annals

Britain between

during
this
has
1

sharp

contest

for the
at

empire
era,

country

and

Holland
as

that

which

Mr.

Macaulay

represented
de

peculiarly

dis-

M.

Lionne.

256

CATHAKINE

OF

BEAGAITZA.

readers who, graceful to the British flag. Those superficial not having taken the trouble of investigating the history of the period, but, dazzled by that hrilliaut sophistry which versus facts,are inclined to adopt truly be called words may Mr. Macaulay's statement, may, to no even by a reference than Salmon's deeper book Chronology, or any other, see that, in his zeal to deprive our two last Stuart kings of the in regard their due credit which, with aU their faults,was and he has commercial to maritime affairs, enlarged every to triflingadvantage gained by the Dutch, and omitted of mention either of the naval victories won by the duke York. Ifow, this is about as fair as, in reviewing the reign the of George the on Third, to dwell triflingadvantage at Teneriffe, and ignore the battles gained by the enemy of the Nile and ships at Trafalgar. The surprise of our for peace Upnor took place during the deceitful conferences the vigilance of the British ministers had at Buda, when been lulled by the idea that hostilities had actually ceased. The Dutch made burned three ship, and capture of one

others,
"

revenge

De

Witt

had

meditated entered two the

ever

since

sir tween bewar

Eobert

Holmes,
Ulic
and hundred

August 8, 1666, Schelling,burned

and the
town

channel
men

Dutch vessels Brandaris be of

of

and

fifty merchant
of

with
to
seen

their
ashes.

and cargoes, When accounts

reduced
are cause

fairlybalanced,
to

it will

that

the of

Dutch
their the termed

had contest

small
with

boast

themselves

the

result

Britain, which, however,

do

hardihood Williata

to

till

"

their

servant"

had they never as they proudly

invested with the prince of Orange, was monarchy of England ; then, and not till then, did the flag of England These evant ever details, irrelexperience a stain. of though they be to the biography of Catharine of the illustrative Braganza, are history of her consort's feel reign, and may, perhaps, be acceptable to readers who

that

love

for

their
to

country
in the

which

impels
of

every

noble national

English
honor.
The the

heart

exult

vindication

her

rejoicings for
that

this had

mighty
seized

victory

were

damped
on

by
of

consternation

all hearts

account

258

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

during
before

the had

siege.
caused

The

appearance

of

comet

some

months

the to superstitious feelings of alarm it was weak-minded, regarded with scarcely less by whom beheld that which the Anglo-Saxons had than with terror that visited our the comet hemisphere in the year 1066, on the
eve

of

the

Norman

invasion.

Charles

II.,who
the with of
at

had

peculiar taste for scientific pursuits,and was of the Observatory at Greenwich, watched, nights for the appearance interest, several
comet,
and
to

founder

great
new

the

the

queen
a

sat

up
it.

with

him

twice,
time

different
saw

times,
The

obtain

first

sight of day the king

and the of

The

second left
to

she

it.^

and

queen

they slept at Parnham,

proceeded
French
the
was

They
agree
was

were

followed
a

by

and

Court Hampton Salisbury the next. dors, Spanish ambassathe all air did time not he

and
with

great
the

many

king, who
caused him

nobility; but indisposed

to leave it the
sooner news

the
than

there, which
While
action

he

had

intended. unsuccessful
in which the in had the
a

they yet remained,

of the earl

arrived before

of the

of

Sandwich

Bergen,
of fleet he
was

Montague, the queen's faithful master the board on slain,having volunteered horse, was fit of indignation at the in which injurious manner from her majesty's service. been driven No sooner
Edward of
wrote

news

his

death
to
on

received,
the

than and

the queen,

duke

and

duchess them

of York to

both

king

entreating
was

bestow

his

place

his

younger
at
on

brother, who
the the

the

duchess's

the
suit.'

equerry. duchess of Catharine

on

Clarendon, York, waited

was

request of
queen
to

his

ter daughtheir the

back bestow

of

course

well-disposed to

appointment
attended her

the

home

Montague, whose brother had younger had from suffered in every Lisbon, and
to

way

from that

his devotion
"

her

service, but
no

she

prudently
of any

plied, revant ser-

She

would

make

choice
of his

herself

majesty's pleasure ;" that the lord Montague adding, that she had heard was with his was unfortunately slain,for son, who very angry that allowed having taken charge in her family, and never him his support ; and that she would not anything towards
"

without

being

first informed

'

Pepys.

Life

of

Clarendon.

CATHARINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

259

receive
assured

his younger that his

son

into

her

service it." the

to

unless She

she

were

lordship
he
to had

desired
were

concluded
to him

by
to the

requesting Clarendon, king as dexterously as Montague young

just, since
The

if that

case,

speak
to

could

dispose
she

mend recom-

her, which
lost his the

his brother
chancellor of it

preferred
duchess his

only life in his majesty's service. request to the king in

and

considered

the

name

the

of

York,

said,
The to and the

"

the

queen

referred
"

entirely to
never

majesty."
any
to
one

king
that

declared
but

He

would
should hard to

recommend very
one

queen

what
seem

be

agreeable
brother

her,

it would

deny

to

succeed that

another lord

who
Crofts

had had

been

killed
him

in bis

service," and
of Mr.

owned

the Spencer.' This was behalf lord treasurer a Southampton's nephew, in whose series of intrigues set on foot. were Southampton quarrelled another with Clarendon for having recommended to the Clarendon, to conciliate his colleague,endeavored queen. his former recommendation, though secretlyto countermine the queen's wish it was to give the place to the well aware of her faithful she would brother certainly servant; and solicited in favor

Eobert

have

been who that

circumvented took
the

but

for the

arrival

of with

the
so

duke

of
a

York,
hand

young who
his

king,
in
a

Montague's had begun

favor.
so

part
to
waver

high
the must
new

to indeed

candidate, decided
the her

DifRcult

be

position of
regarding
had

queen,

when

many
in her

rival

interests

beset arine Cath-

every
to

appointment
manifest
a

household.

indifference and political to her perfect submission royal husband's pleasure on these which enabled her, as in this instance, occasionally subjects, If she had to get her own openly espoused the part way. lost the place,for of Montague, he would assuredly have insisted would have then its being on lady Castlemaine It was Spencer. unlucky for Catharine given to Eobert

learned

that

both

her in the

husband
snares

and of
so

her

lord

chamberlain

were

tangled en-

found
reverence

himself

he

owed

to
^

Lord field Chesterlady Castlemaine. the situated, between awkwardly the her majesty and recollection of
Life
of

Clarendon.

260
the terms
on

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

whicli

he

had

been,
the

while

widower,

with

her

insolent

rival,that, to avoid

occasionallyfound himself in her majesty's household. he took his leave,to express

services
a

he disputes in which involved, he resigned hie place Catharine was pleased, when her
sense

of

his character
him 1665. 10th to

and

in

handsome of her

terms, commanding
This
was

continue

member The

councU.' his of

in

king opened
great
hall

parliament, on
church,
Dutch
no

the
when

of

October,
him had

in

the

Christ
on

they
which
he than

voted

supplies for carrying compelled to commence

lent
at

the
with need

war,

been

better

means

100,000Z.

him

in

his

utmost

time he this very the WOOL of sum with

by the city of London, and was subscribing out of his privy -purse weekly for the relief of the sufferers
the court

the
was

plague.
once

While
more

remained with

at

Oxford,

the

queen

flattered
crown

deceptive hopes
while
that made
a

of

bringing an
the

heir

to the

; and

hope lasted,
laudable

king

reformed
of

his conduct

and visibly,

resolution

himself ceiving endeavoring to make worthy of rethe blessing of legitimate offspring. So careful he he of Catharine would at this period, that was by no him in Court with to Hampton means permit her to return January, lest her safety and that of the anticipated infant should be endangered by an the infected approach towards him to be with metropolis. She was, however, so anxious that she commenced preparations for the journey in order the eve to follow on him, when, unfortunately, as she was of setting off,a disappointment occurred, which detained her at Oxford till the 16th of February.' Charles behaved ill as almost the as on occasion, and Henry Till, lady was Castlemaine, who brought to bed of a fine boy, was full of exultation, and failed not to depreciate his luckless her consort to who a as never royal paramour, person would The her
' 3

or

could

bring him
that

an

heir. Catharine
was

next

grief

befell

the

death

of The

beloved

mother, the
to the

queen-regent
Letters
of from

of

Portugal.'
'

Introductory memoir
This

lord
the

Chesterfield.
helm the of

Clarendon.
soon

her

princesshad been daughter's marriage with

removed Charles

government
the

after de

II. through

intriguesof

conde

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

261
the
a

news

of this event
; but
as

arrived
queen
a course

in London
was

on

28th

of

March,
of

1666

the under
one

then
of to
wore

in

delicate
was

state

health, and
before
any
to

ventured The
court
were

tidings
this

her.^
; the

days communicate the affecting the deepest mourning on

directed
"

physic, it

several

occasion to

ladies

to

wear

their

hair figuring dis-

plain, and

appear fashion of

without

spots

on

their

faces," the
to

patching having just

was

been

introduced.

Lady

Castlemaine without

considered

to

appear

great

vantage disad-

of patches. One day, in the course "that this spring, the she told lady Castlemaine queen feared the king took cold by staying so late at her house ;" all the ladies, that which she boldly replied, he before on left her house else." one betimes, and must stay with some The thus ing endeavorshe was while king, entering unawares the current of to turn of the queen's jealousy to one her behind rivals, came her, and whispered in her ear she that and bade bold her a was impertinent woman, begone out of the court, and not come again till he sent for her." she obeyed, and For a wonder she said,in her rage, ' would be even with the king, and print his letters," threat a which Charles submissive, so completely always rendered

her

"

"

"

was

he

in

her
not

power;
endure

so

that

he

who,

as

Clarendon

serves, ob-

imputation of being governed be to by his wife or prime-minister, permitted himself called fool,"or any other degrading epithet this woman chose him. It was to bestow on vainly hoped that this but in a day or two quarrel was definite, lady Castlemaine for her furniture from the sent to inquire if she might send she must palace to her new lodging. The king replied that
" "

could

the

come

and took

fetch

them

herself," which
Charles
was
more

she

did

tion reconcilia-

place, and
ever.

estranged

from

his

wife

than

Castelmelhor,
He when

and

the

imbecile

king Alphonso VI.

of the
and office,
on
was

aaeumed

the in

royal authority.
the year

proved
his

himself don

incapable
Pedro
was

deposed
of of
on

1668,
tented con-

brother
the for

placed
chose
a

the

throne
wife

Portugal.
his brother her

Not

with succeeded
and
1

throne, Pedro
the

to

have

the
of

also, and

lady
to don

obtained

sentence

nnllity

first

marriage,

gave

her

hand

Pedro.

"

Colbatoh's

Account

of Portugal.
'

Pepys.

Ibid.

262 In

CATHAEINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

July the queen again, and spent some

patronage
resort of the

and

her

ladies visited
there.

Tunbridge place,which
rendered

Wells the the

is

weeks of of

This
had

Catharine
heau
a

Braganza
the
made at and

of

monde

seventeenth
one

century,
of season, the
as

described

by

throng by whom place of all Europe

same are

contemporary, who it was frequented

the
most

gay
the

that

time all

the

most

accommodated

simple, and at the The livelyand agreeable. company with lodgings," says he, in little
rural
" "

clean other
meet

convenient
a

habitations, that
a

lie scattered

from the

each

mile

and

half

round

the

wells, where
consists

company

long walk place morning. which while shaded they walk by spreading trees, under On side of this walk one they are drinking the waters. is a long row of shops, plentifullystocked with toys and ornamental there is raffling. On the other goods, where side is the market. As soon the evening comes, as every one the bowlingon quits his or her little palace to assemble
in the

This

of

green,
turf

where,
more

in the and
was

open
smooth

air,those
than

who
the

choose
finest

dance in

on

soft Such

carpet

the

of Tunbridge Wells, and the manner life led there in the and the amiable days when neglected of Charles and II. sought to beguile her cares griefs queen oring by mingling in the diversions of her subjects,and endeavaround her the enjoyment of those to increase by that due rank. to her were dispensing with the ceremonies There the was dancing every night at her house, because it to those drank who the waters, physicians recommended and Catharine took excessive delight in this exercise, poor fitted her to enter the lists although her figureby no means to advantage in such exhibitions with the graceful Frances Stuart, the stately Castlemaine, and the other beauties of
the of court. She had

world."

learned, however,

the

difficult

lesson

emotion she she concealing any uneasy might feel when her royal husband and saw attention devoting all his time to one other of her rivals. or into Apparently, she entered the frolic tone of the place with hearty good humor, and made it her chief study to divert the king from dwelling too long on by the perpetual round any object of attraction

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

263
sent

of
the

amuBements

she
to

devised.

Unfortunately,she
which
and
two

for

players
Davies

Tunbridge Wells,
his the

led

to

disgraceful
actresses,

intimacies Mrs.

between
and

majesty

of the

Ere Gwynne. long Charles all whom outraged decency by appointing the latter, Evelyn justly terms an impudent comedian," as one of the bedchamber to his royal consort, women office for which an her low breeding, no less than her misconduct, rendered her notoriously unfit.' The aspect of public ajffairswas peculiarlygloomy at this crisis. The commerce of England had for the last year been and and wholly destroyed by the plague; death sorrow
"
"

celebrated

Nell

poverty
which

had

rendered

all

homes

desolate.
had the the with

The caused

distress
a plete com-

followed
failure in

this the

national

visitation

having
country France,
not

been
was a on war

found

supplies voted by impossible to collect

in
was a war

parliament, it
taxes,
and the and

involved
that

both

Holland

"

only

the
to

part of
excite
an as

Louis The

XIV.,

agents
of
and

employed
were

unfairly carried on by attempts, the republic of Holland, but of insurrectionary spiritin England. for the fusion difspies and emissaries
no

sedition their

other in

than

the

exiled

heads, round-

connections

pretended

patriots,but in of their own out employed by the enemies country to work their dishonorable intrigues. The following passage, quoted by M. Guizot in his noble work, the Course of Civilization, of the from the notes XIV. actions personal transkept by Louis of the year the principlesof the all 1666, will show but deified I had Algernon Sidney in their true colors :
"
"

Scotland, England and the hireling agitators reality

this

morning,"
an

says

Louis,

"

conversation has

with
me

M.

de

Sidney,
in

English gentleman, who the of reanimating possibility M. de England. Sidney demands

400,000
livres.
I have

made

stand under-

the
of

republican party
me

for
I could

that not

pose pur-

told has
notices

him

that

give
from
"

him
1

more

than

200,000.
his that

He

engaged
this among of Mrs.

me

to

draw

Mr.

Pegge,
to

in

Carialia, thus
I find

disgraceful fact
the
ladies of

"

am

ashamed
chamber

confess

Nell

Gwynne
the
name

the

privy-

to queen

Catharine,

under

Eleanor

Gwynne."

264

CATHARINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

Switzerland

another
to

English gentleman
with which of
a

of

the

name
'

of

Ludlow,
The

and fire of
at

confer

him

on

the
out

same
on

design."
the
a

London,
corner

broke

2d

of

tember Sepshop

the

Thames of

street, in

baker's

full of

fagots,near
of

row

wooden

storehouses
was

filled with
so

pitch, tar, oakum,

the
to

and

other

combustible,
be
or

clearly
it of

effect

accident, that
of
a

it would

unfair

to

impute frenzy
who
were

the

evil devices of either

foreign

power,

to the

fanatics accused

of the

non-conforming

creeds

this dreadful by vulgar prejudice of having caused was predicted by the puritans ten years calamity, which Evelyn, it happened.' "The before conflagration," says was so universal, and the people so astonished, that, from I know the beginning, not by what despondency or fate, nothing they hardly stirred to quench it ; so that there was heard but or seen crying out and lamentation, and running
"
"
"

about

like

distracted
like

creatures.
. . .

All

the

sky
and

was

of

fiery aspect,
seen

the

top

of

burning
for behold

oven,

the

light
God
now

for that

above mine

forty miles
all the

round
never

many
the

nights.
like,who
The
the

grant
saw

above

eyes may 10,000 houses

and
women

in

one

flame.

noise, and
ing shriek-

cracking,
of the
the fall of and

thunder and

of

impetuous
the

flames,
of

children,
and

hurry
was

the
a

people,
hideous

towers, houses,
the
was

churches,
so

like

storm,
the

air not

all

about
to

hot

and it.

inflamed The
and

that,
fire

at

last,one
four

able

approach
time the

raged
of

for

days,
in his
**

and

all that

king

the

duke

Ludlow,
words to

Memoirs,
I have

brieflynotices
received the from

the

overture

that

was

made
an

to

him,

in to

these
come

"

the

French

government
but

invitation the French

Paris

to

discuss

affairs of my

country,

I distrust

government."
'

It

is and of

fact, no
the

less strange
of London

than
was

true, that
discovered of

plot
by
which

for

the

seizure
the

of the
very

Tower

burning
in that 3d More of

Monk

during
several and

height
all

the
or

pestilence
soldiers ; and

in the the the

autumn

1665,

for

conspirators,
executed

officers

late time

rebellion, were
fixed
on

tried, convicted,
this that

in

April, 1666
was

for

carrying day
for

diabolical
terrible that
a

project into
conflagration
treatise
to
waa

execution
was

the

September,
remarkable Mercuriua 1666 the vol.

which

at

its

height.
in
a

still is the PoUtieus Romiah iii.

coincidence, Babylon
would

advertised from the

"

number

of the that in in

1656, purporting

show,

Apocalypse,
marginal

be destroyed

by

fire.

See

note

Pepya,

p. 106.

CATHAEINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

265

York
even

exerted

themselves
in

in and

the

most

energetic
to
was

manner,

laboring

person, encourage

being present
the workmen. It

command,

order, reward,
the

and

through

of mind of the duke of personal activityand presence York in causing the houses ful to be blown up, that the beautiold Temple church was saved, and the fire stopped." The and Westminster Tower saved abbey were by the same not till the precautions on the part of the king, but it was 7th of September that the conflagrationwas extinguished. The in of who seasons king, only appeared to advantage for dangers and difficulty, displayed the most paternal care
'"

the them and

were

homeless
a

sufferers,and
shelter and with The
tents

exerted in to

himself

to

obtain

for

temporary provided

the be
and

villages round
erected coals
at

London,

causing
also

huts

for the of

them.

They
of
crown
"

bread

expense
the

the

government.

extensive

charities

of public misery, unprecedented seasons the general destitution that succeeded the the extravagant to be penditure exforgotten when of Charles II. is so frequently repeated. His of the with regard to the collection great forbearance plies supin those disastrous that had been voted by parliament The sums were voted, ought also to be remembered. years fell far undoubtedly, in large figures,but those received the seamen led the king short. The of means to pay want his fatal of laying up to the ships, against the economy

during the two the plague, and fire,ought not

earnest

advice

of would

his

brother incur the

the

duke

of

York, who

told

him
means,

that
the
on

he

danger
seas.

of The

losing,by
attack of the

that
the

Dutch

of

Evelyn
with
new
"

sovereignty of the the ships of Chatham the royal admiral. presented the king,
of the
a

too

well

verified

diction pre-

on

the

13th
and

of
a

September,

survey city,with

ruins

of

London,
"

discourse

bedchamber, her majesty sent for me majesty and the duke only being present. They examined
his

it. upon into the queen's

plan for a Whereupon," says he,

each

and particular, to
'

discoursed

on

them

for what

near

an so

hour,

seeming

be

extremely pleased
Papys.
Clarendon.

with
Jonmal

I had
II.

early

Evelyn.

of James

266

CATHAKINB

OF

BEAGANZA.

thought
This
but

upon.
and
was

The

queen

was

now

in

her

cavalier
take

riding
the air."

habit, hat

feather, and
not

horseman's

coat, to
Catharine of honor

fashion

introduced

by
in this

of
some

Braganza,
months

by

two

of

her

pretty maids
"I
saw

before, of whose
thus

appearance,
"

equestrian garb, Pepys

fine

quaintly speaks: gallery at Whitehall, in

world

the
and

ladies,in the
all ; and

long
the

coats

doublets, just for

breast
a

like

mine, buttoned
and

up

at the for
one

periwigs
women,'

hats, so that, only

their
was was

they wore gling long petticoat dragtake

that them did for
not
saw

under

men's
an

coats,
odd

no

would
a

which
:

sight,and
and

sight

please me
thus
a

it

Mrs.
queen

Welles

another
had
a

fine

lady

attired."

The dififerent

herself
for the

very

style
the

duce great wish to introskirts of dresses, liking

"

mightily, as
seen," which countrywomen,
turned

lady
leads

Carteret
to

told

Pepys, Braganza
that

to

have
most

the of

feet her well-

conclusion

that, like
had she

Catharine
it
was

of
in vain

small

feet ; but herself

hibited occasionallyex-

in short

she petticoats,

found
the

few

imitators.
; the

It

is not

royalty, but

beauty,

that

sets

fashion

tall, graceful women, reigning belles of the court were ladies as flowing draperies,all other long as they wore the in the About hope of looking like them. same, time Charles same II., at the suggestion of Evelyn, theatrical to change the style of dress worn
his courtiers
and his of

and did

the
deavored en-

by
it

for
so

more
a

sober few
soon

costume.

He

assumed
to

himself, him,
The but modes

did

of

those

who

wished for the

fashion France.
wore

was

abandoned

please ing all-prevailCatharine's

court

black

many
to

months
wear

for

queen

mother, only having leave

one

silver and

white at

lace

for

day,

on

which

to the

celebrate
satisfaction

her

splendid ball was majesty's birthday.

a

given Pepys,
the

Whitehall

who

enjoyed
much

of

climbing
to look

up

to

loft,where, with
on

trouble, he
*

contrived

down

gay

scene,

gives
the

The

reader

will, of
after of

course, this

remember the

the fair

satirical

descriptionin
he met considered
too

Specto the
an

tator, thirty years

chase in
one

period, of

lady whom
then

going

those

riding-habits, which
habiliments.

were

near

approach

to masculine

CATHAKINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

267
and full, grew and ladies sat.
Stuart in black

the the It
and

followingparticulars:
candles
was

"

"

Anon
and to and

the house
queen Mrs.

and the light, king indeed a glorious sight

see

white

lace, and
rich

her queen

head

shoulders the

dressed

with

diamonds, only the

of and
some

none,' and
silver
wore

king
; the

in his rich vest duke

silk,and

trimming
cloth took

of

York

all the

the

other
was

dancers
come

of the

silver.
queen,

Presentlyand about

after

king
more

in, he

couple there were, and began the brantle." of the After enumerating many courtly dancers, he says, all most in rich petticoats They were excellentlydressed and and and diamonds a pearls. After the brantles gowns,
fourteen
"

corant,
that the

and

now

and

then

French
and

dance

; but

that
it

so

rare

corants

grew

tiresome,
'

I wished many
new

Mrs.

Stuart

danced

especiallyone
very
the

the

mighty king called

upon
was

fine ; and the

French

done, only dances,

was

dance,' which
the

pretty.

But,

the
not

whole

matter,

business

of

dancing itself twelve at night it

The
at
ease.

broke
of

extraordinary pleasing. up."

the

About

commencement

year

1667 the
fair

found Stuart

the

queen

ill

king's passion for its hopelessness,he became with supposed to thoughtful,and was
attempt
hints
on

The

increasing restless, melancholy, and meditate making a desperate

way
from

to
rumors

obtain of

her
a

in

the

of

and

divorce

Dark marriage. Catharine, queen

plea of barrenness, began to be whispered in the and court city. That political busybody, the earl of Bristol, friars to sent two Portugal, after the death of the queendonna mother to collect Luiza, to endeavor something that pacity into presumptive evidence of her incamight be construed that for children, although the king honestly said
"

the

it

was

certain
in the

impossible knowledge,
way to

to

proceed
majesty
^

on

those
had
more

grounds,
than

as, to

his

her

once

been

be

mother."

The

enemies had

of

Clarendon,
lord
ever

since

his

eldest

son,

lord

Cornbury,
were more

been

appointed
than

chamberlain
to raise
a

to the

queen,
cry

determined

popular

marriage
1

of the
was

of the childless against him on account sovereign. Catharine considering herfor her

Because

she

in

mourning

mother.

Clarendon.

268
self bound

CATHARINE

OP

BRAGANZA.

in honor

to
a

befriend,
minister

as

far

as

her

little power
to be

went,

the

family
on

of

persecuted
introduced which
the

her
name

account, the
into
was on

her

the
now

supposed ribald witlings of the doggerel pasquinades

assailed. On
one

whom

she

court

with

chancellor
a

occasion

they painted couplet :

"

gibbet
"

his

gate, with
be seen,
barren

the

following

Three

sightsto
and
a

Dunkirk,

Tangier,

queen.''

Another Charles's

epigram, the acknowledged profligatecompanions, ran

"

composition
thus
:
"

of

one

of

Ood
Our Of But

bless

queen

Kate,
house of

sovereign's mate,
the the

royal

Lisbon

devil

take

Hyde,
bone
of

And

the
Who

bishop beside.
made her

his bone."

These

ribald

rhymes

were

naturally

associated

with

the

supposed wish of the king to obtain a release from his nuptial of of Braganza, for the plight to Catharine purpose wedding a lady more agreeable to his present inclination. woman, All the world said this was his lovely and fascinatingkinsHis ness, Prances Stuart. tempters, knowing his weakthe to imitate example of Henry daily urged him a more YIII., and contract agreeable marriage. If we may of Burnet, Charles believe the assertion actually consulted Dr. Sheldon, the archbishop of Canterbury, on the possibility Sheldon of obtaining a divorce from the queen. requested of the time to consider having ascertained matter, and that the king contemplated a second marriage with Frances
Stuart,
monarch's he

informed

Clarendon.
was

It is

said, the
his

enamoured

project
duke

the with the

of

object of and clandestinely,

Stuart she
and had in

aging premier encourwho was Eichmond, desperately in love his sovereign's preference, to marry her

traversed

by

carry

her

off from

the

court.

The

fair

which

perceived the impropriety of which been guilty in permitting the homage of the king the hope of putting an end to the perilous terms on she declared that would stood, she had they then
had,
it seems,

270
of the

CATHARINE

OP

BRAGANZA.

Garter

on

St.

of

observance
founder

George's day worthy of the

order.

that age
This

nity spring,with a solemthe of chivalry and commemoration

was

illustrious attended

of the

of the institution, religiousceremonies his knights offeringat the that of the sovereign and even altar ; they then proceeded to the banqueting-hall at the and robes in their they dined palace of "Whitehall, where throne at the end, insignia. The king sat on an elevated table alone, the knights at a table at his right hand, at a all the length of the a room cupboard against them ; over with all the
"

of

rich

gilded plate ;
above,
wind

at

the

lower

end

the and

music

on

the

balusters
The

music, trumpets,

kettle-drums.

served by the lords and pensioners, who king was of the feast the the middle About brought up the dishes. the king drank the king's health, and theirs, knights drank

the
queen

trumpets
came never

sounded,
in at the

and

the

Tower but

guns

were a

fired.

The

banquet,

only
at

as

spectator, for

king's left hand cheer all the The time. was knight extraordinary, each The room was hung with having forty dishes to his mess. the richest tapestry. In conclusion, the banqueting stuff was flung about the room profusely," says our author,^ who that that confesses he made when a hasty retreat sport showers have which been of meats, sweetto cakes, began, appears
she
seated

herself,but

stood

the

comfits, and
and
to

fruit,for

the

benefit

of

the

spectators,
were

make

scramble

Such

merry
the

among conclusions to
of

them.
the

royal banquets
times,
when

among
and

usages
of

the

good
lived

old
in

the any of

kings
their
could

queens

England

public,and
and

loyal liegesof decent through the squeeze

free to
"

appearance ever-open

behavior, who
of
see

doors

the them

palace, were
take

enter
a

the

and banqueting-hall,

their

meals,
Stuart Charles

custom

which

ended

with

dynasty. subjects

Evelyn
converse
on

records

II. 's familiar

with

expulsion of the of frequent instances him on literary and

and

the

scientific
some was a

these
the

occasions,
first time
cut for him

mentions, with
tasted

that satisfaction,

he

piece which

the

king
'

from

his

pineapple own plate,

Evelyn.

CATHARINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

271
which all

with

that

peculiar graciousness
made faults Tom
even

of

manner

won

hearts, and
the the
in
a

moralists

and his

many

which

tarnished told the

was a

character.
"

philosophers forget One day

that mend
matters
were

witty
bad

Killigrew
there
honest
"

king,
way
man

state,but is,"pursued he, an

your well is
no
one

to

all.
name, to
see

There that
if

able and

I could
command

majesty
executed,
Charles

would all

employ, things would

now

things
this had

soon

be

mended
as

; and if he

Stuart, who
; but

employment
he
were

if you
man

spends his time would give him

in the world to

this

the

fittest

employment, perform it."

of king, speaking of the duke the York to being mastered by his wife, compared him character of the hen-pecked husband in the play of Epicene,
or

On

another

occasion, the

the

Silent "that

Woman,
he

and

said
no

to
more

some

of his boon abroad

"

ions, companthis Tom

would

go

with

Otter."
a man

"
"

Sir,"asked
a

Killigrew,dryly,
Otter
to

which to his

is the best for

to
was

be ;
no

Tom

his
home and

wife, or
reviled

mistress
manner

?"

'

There

by the imperious him the rendered lady Castlemaine laughing-stock of the whole ing court. They had a fierce quarrel about the king sendthe duke of Buckingham for sundry misto the Tower demeanors,
when at king was a jade, that

in which

the

hitting off this rated king was

thrust, for the

she

used

such
so

violent far
as

language
tell had
a

that
"

the
was

last

provoked
with

to

her

she

meddled

with."
"

She if he

retorted
were

things she by calling him

he would fool,

nothing to do fool ; tellinghim

his business

that

not

not

suffer

them, and by fools that did not understand and those best able to serve his best subjects, cause him, to of Buckingham's offences was be imprisoned." One having
to

be

carried

on

employed
to

man

to

lay on
been
he

his
one

who

had

king's nativity; this he contrived the duchess-dowager of Eichmond, sister, of the king's playmates in infancy, and
cast

the

for whom

knew

Charles

ever

entertained

gard. brotherlyre-

buffoon as a for employed Buckingham the king's diversion, and successfullylaughed away the last spark of better feelingthat had lingeredround his heart. his powers
^

Pepys.

272 As
rose

CATHABINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

the
into of

unprincipled
power
on

corrupt ministry that the fall of Clarendon, through the patronage

leader

of

the

lady Castlemaine, Buckingham

the queen,

was

the

avowed

enemy
the

of

of

whom

he

king to rid himself, if not of so credit the assertions more questionable. If we may as bishop Burnet, Buckingham notoriously false a witness If he would give him leave, he proposed to the king, that would steal the queen and send her to a plantation, away, where she would be well and carefullylooked to, and never heard of any more be given out that she had ; but it should fall in with some principles to deserted, and that it would the pretence of carry on an act for a divorce, grounded upon
"

perpetually urging still by divorce, by means

was

wilful

desertion."

It

required
to induce

no

very the

remarkable

cise exer-

king, unprincipled he was, from the atrocity to revolt as a project of which Sir Eobert was only equalled by its absurdity. Murray told me," pursues that the Burnet, rejected king himself this with horror. He said it was wicked a thing to make and she his wife was a lady miserable only because poor ingham Buckfault of hers." had children was no no by him, which should be suggested that her majesty's confessor dealt with, to persuade her to retire into a convent, on. which readily grant the king grounds the parliament would
of conscientiousness
"
"

divorce.
him had

Charles
too
no

gave

in

to

this
him

scheme, but
"

Catharine she

loved
"

fondly to part
vocation for
a

from

voluntarily ;

said,

She

religiouslife." The evil counsellors the sovereign's bad by whom sions pasdid not scruple to whisand cherished per flattered were the possibility it of persuading his parliament to make
This the tale

'

appears

but absurdly improbable,

on

it is certain

that
was

the the In

narrator creature

had
of

opportunitiesof information of Buckingham, and the confidant

into
to court

best

the

subject, as he

his

unprincipled
of this

schemes.

fact, he
bad who

crept
man,

favor notice useful in

under he
as a

the

auspices

and profligate politician first

whose
him

was
an more

introduced

by
field.

his

patron, Lauderdale,
his

had

found

understrapper, and
extensive

thought Buckingham
before

peculiar

talents

might
to

be employed

the

king,
fortune

and of

he

had

the

honor

of preaching
in

his

presented majesty, and

'

Burnet the him

good
as

pleasing the royal libertine

his sermon,

who

appointed
Burnet.

one

of his

chaplains.

CATHAEINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

273
before other
of

lawftil for
of hi8

him

to marry
a

new

wife

he

had

got rid
the far-

and first, Gilbert

reverend

divine, no

than

famed found

Burnet, afterwards
his pen He
wrote

bishop

capable of using
doctrine. Gilbert Burnet's

in vindication

Salisbury,was of this iniquitous

of

two successively

entitled, treatises, Conscience;

what
comment and to

Dr.
one

Solution

of two

Cases

touching Polygamy,
allows
in those

the other

Divorce,

ture Scripon

Cases. of

It is needless

the

affectingto search Scripture as an aimed at the for vice. These excuse polluted shafts where ingham innocent at the suggestion,it is presumed, of Buckqueen, It was and Lauderdale. expected that they would have obtained the reward of a rich bishopric for the writer,
base

hypocrisy

but when

Charles

despised both
some

the

adviser

and

the

advice

; and

Burnet,
of

years
court in

afterwards, having joined the

consequence him

opponents
on

the

of
a

being deprived
letter of
strance remon-

of his office in the

wrote chapel-royal,

his immoral

most

from

cutting contempt. whose men principleshe respected. and consistent a bishop Ken gave him
on

him of life, he treated with the way Charles endured reproof patiently

When
severe

the

lent excel-

tion exhortaman

his

wicked

he life, he

did

not to

treat

that author

upright
of
the

with

the of

contumely
Conscience}
all these dark

offered

the

two

Cases

While
queen,
*

plots were
every
other
were

she

astonished

one

agitation against by entering into some

have been

in

the
of

These

papers,
works
are

with
; but to

much

disgraceful matter, printed

as

expunged
one

from

Burnet's and

they

literary curiosities
of John

by
Court
two

of his Great

admirers^ Britain,
tracts
was
one are a

be

seen no

in the
means

Appendix
an

Macky's
book.

of

scarce,

but

by

unattainable of the

The
which

infamous

printed by Macky,
of the to

with

the will much

for

bishop,to
these

John

Macky
is very

witnesses,
the moral
man

and

had

to do

with

its settlement.

He
and written

reproachful
them
with assistance who
was a

bishop's son
ignorance
of the
are

suppressing

papers,
were

publishes
for the

utter of
a

of their

turpitude. divorcing
and

They
the Catharine Hon.

equally unprincipled with plan

in of

Burnet,

corrupt Lauderdale,
from

great promoter
the

Charles

II.

Macky
in

declares the

originals
of

possession of the
were

Archibald
Ham
as

bell, Campfrom the edents prec-

handwriting

Burnet

himself,

copied at
words,
the
"

Lauderdale

Papers ; and he gives them, to use his own of just freethinking, showing the integrity of
these documents
as

noble

mriter."

Burnet's trouble of

peculiar style stamps

attestation.

his

own,

without

any

274
the

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

giddy
was

revelries
then

of

the
"

the

rage,

madcaps of not merely

sort

the

court.

ading Masquerballs in

masked

aces pal-

and

theatres, but

that

of

sport

which

prevails

The and other seasons of public license. during carnivals about masked, king and queen, and all the courtiers, went in separate parties, in quest of adventures, so disguised that, without being in the secret, no one could distinguish them. in hackney-chairs, entered carried about They were that merryindications houses where lightsand music makings gave with the wildest about were going on, and danced her Once the queen frolic. party, and got separated from and left her her chairmen, not knowing her, went away
alone. in
a

She

was

much or,

alarmed, and according

lord
to

returned

to

Whitehall The

hackney-coach,
of

being well surrounded that her majesty was mies, aware by spies and enewho were eagerly watching to take advantage of the she might be betrayed, to into which slightestindiscretion accusations form against her as a pretence for a divorce, safe for decent that it was neither nor honestly told her
earl

Manchester,

Charles's

others, in a chamberlain,

cart.'

"

her

to go

about

as

she

had

done

of her

late.

The

reports
reached

of his

Buckingham's
ears, he

evil
to

designs against
warn

wished
in the had

her the

of

her

having danger."
^

Early
the

year
sworn

1668

news

arrived don

in

England

that

Cortes

fealty
by
errant olden madame

to

Pedro,
of was, the

Catharine's

similar of and

story
France.

is

related

Campan
and

unfortunate
a

Marie
of

Antoinette
the

This
of the

masquerading times, cousin,

has
It is well

however,
that
de
summer

remnant

sports
of with

pastimes
from
son

been

practised by
Anne

the of

royal
tria, Ausand

family
two and
were

France her

remote

antiquity.
his out

known

Louis

XIV.,

mademoiselle
one

Montpenaier,
night in house, where by
handed the
to

or

three

of the

courtiers,went
and The

incognito
a

fine

masks

fancy costumes,
with much to the

entered, uninvited,
and
on

merchant's
were

they
bridal

celebratinga wedding.
glee,
custom

strange masks

welcomed

party guilty
of

the such

spice-plate
foot all

was

immediately
the the
contents

them,
was

according
of comfits

occasions, when
under its

grande
salver in
on

mademoiaelle

the
were

levity

of

striking her
scattered and

which
air.

the This

dishes
wild

placed, and
so

the

prank party

induced
were

much

laughter
a

inconvenient

familiarity, that the royal

were

fain

to make

hasty
to the

retx-eat.

They

followed
led to
a

by

some

of the
their

guests, who

tracked

them

Louvre, which
Times.

discovery of

quality.
'

Burnet's

History

of

his

Own

CATHABINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

275
of his

younger his

brother, and
had

that

there
on

was

every

being quietly established

deposed
was so

the

throne,

appearance from -which

party

the

imbecile

king Alphonso.
in all

Queen
cerned con-

Catharine
her

passionately interested country and family, that she

report
he
"There
are

that

took

possession
The to in I earl

of

the

ambassador's

of

this

revolution. the
event

of

Arlington, when Temple, says,

which letter the
shall
out

communicates other for you hands."

sir William my
can

particulars
if to-night, A last been

letter, get
the

be

transcribed

of

the

queen's

effort made

to

obtain

arrears

of Catharine's the

portion had
but The it.

in those and

previous
had

year,

that

preceded
civil
had
war

by Arlington as apparently as fruitlessly long struggle with Spain,

the
rival of

subsequent
and

between

brothers,
the

phonso Alto

Pedro,
the

deprived Portugal
engagements
beautiful
one

power

make in

good

pecuniary
behalf
of bride

of the

queen-mother
of Eichmond
season.

Catharine's The

reappearance
court
as a

the
was

duchess events

in the She

of the
any

of the

had

steadily refused
to
to

to hold

communication

with to be her
bility. no-

the

king, or

receive the

his hand to of
so

but visits,
of

permitted
elevation
All

kiss

her
a on

expressed a wish royal mistress, on

in and the the British her

by marriage
eyes were,
was

high

rank

course,

king, whose

herself apparently unsubdued, but she conducted with Eumor of a virtuous the dignifieddecorum matron. find by the the nevertheless, busy on subject, as we was, letters of Charles's in one to following mysterious passage

passion

his

beloved to

Henrietta sister,

duchess heard
on

of

Orleans, who

had
"

alluded
were

something
If

she

had

the

subject:

"

You

misinformed of Eichmond.

in your you

concerning intelligence
were as

the

ess duchwith
a

well

acquainted
as

little fantastical
neither wonder

gentleman
nor

called ill any

Cupid

I am,

you

would which

take

sudden

changes
of

happen in the there is nothing

do
and

affairs done then

of his in

conducting, but
The
duchess

in this matter

it." ^

Eichmond Somerset duchess

her

lord

house,

the

living in great splendor at dower-palace of the queen-mother. The

were
1

Sir John

Dalrymple's Appendix.

276 fell ill of

the

CATHAEINB

OP

BEAGANZA.

small-pox
of
was

all fears

king's anxiety infection, and he paid her

:

the

about

her

quered con-

several
so

visits/
allied for
him

which,
to

as

she

the had either

wife
the

of

nobleman
a

nearly
to

the

throne,

he

pretext of
or

royal etiquette
refuse

doing, nor
into her

could

she

the

duke
a

admit Charles

sick-chamber. wish
to
come

That
at

such
a

prince
would
his
was

as

II.

should
of the

such

time

strength
ill for
a

of

his
one

attachment of
her

to

a proof appear fair kinswoman.

She looked

recovered, but

eyes

injured,and

she

The king was, nevertheless, so long time. Sunday, when transported by his passion for her, that one coach to be ready to take his guards and he had ordered him into the park, he suddenly got into a private boat with set to Somerby water a singlepair of oars, all alone, and went house, where, the garden door not being open, he climbed the intention of the wall to visit her,' apparently with over particulars of the reception taking her by surprise. The

given him by the general conduct

there
queen, her
one
can

fair
was

duchess
so

are

not

be

no

doubt she

who of

knew the
was

that chastely correct of its being a spirited repulse. The could rely on her virtue, appointed

recorded, yet as a wife,

her

ladies
more

of
than

her

bedchamber.

Charles
to

his

queen,

with

pleasure,and
from
of from the

usually complaisant at this time he whom supped every night with parent apappearing otherwise mightily reformed,'
may be
was

which

an

inference of
the

drawn

that

the

influence

duchess that had of

Richmond
infamous

very Castlemaine.

exercised differently All talk

of

vorce di-

been

suddenly stopped by
flattered the queen, of

the

delusive

hopes,
heir
to

which

had

again
and assisted

bringing an
to

England; probably

these, although
this ill-treated

destined

end

as

before,

that

princess to retain her position in of the of as intrigues queen-consort, spite ham Buckingand Burnet her supplanted. It was to have also said clared lady Castlemaine unexpectedly, but prudently, deagainst the divorce, recollectingthat it was ble impossifor the her, and king to marry dreading the probable
'

"

Reports Pepys.

of

M.

de

Rouvigny,

in

Dalrymple's Appendix.
s

Pepys.
Ibid.

278
-and but the
one

CATHAEINE

OF

BKAGANZA.

singing
voice

was

very
did

good together ;
appear
"

but

yet

there that

was was

that

considerable, and

And Mr. here," pursues he, I saw signor Joanni. kiss the was queen's hand, who mighty Montague him." This of lord Sandwich's one gentleman was and to

Sidney
kind
to

family,
went,

all of that
to

name

Catharine,
her

as

far

as

her

power

friendship. Their majesties spent market the month of October at Audley End, Euston, and Newthis The foreign ambassadors, the privy year. all the their autumnal on council, and court, accompanied them to Whitehall, for the They returned progress. celebration of the queen's birthday, in November ; this was
the
which

continued

show

usual

commencement
a

of

the
the and

gay
29th

season

in

London,
the versary anni-

closed
of

few

days

after

of

May,
in

Confident

king Charles's expectations

the queen that
was

birth
were

restoration.
the
heir 19th
at

entertained,
about
to

of

1669,
dinner

that

give
on

an

spring to England.
of

Pepys
at with in her
now

records the

he in
a

saw

her,
own

the

May,
as
"

king

her

apartment
gown, garb, he

hall, Whiteis

white
a

pinner,
than
such
as

loose

wrapping simple
the
at
on

such

termed

peignoir ;

in which in to

says,
"

she
her

looked

handsomer
was

full

dress," and
that the in

adds,

that

appearance
the

confirm

hopes
Nun

that

were

entertained

general report, period." She

26th,
and
as

and
was

taken, however,
Mrs. and

so

suddenly
of her ChiflSnch's

ill

to

send from

for
a

another

women

great haste
few hours

dinner-party at alarm prevailed

better, and
the you
cause

apartments,
In
to
a

considerable she
was

on

her

account. writes end

lord

Arlington
"

sir William

Ist that to

of

June,
the

cannot

this

queen

is very

well, and

Temple, on letter without telling gives us every day

and God more. rejoice more grant that it have its effect accordingly, to make all happy.'' Six us days the afterwards communicates his king disappointment to his sister, of Orleans, with the duchess that the remark
"

there

had

been
of
a

no

accident

to

cause

it." ^

Charles,
with

now more

despairing
complacency
^

family by
ever

Catharine,
project
of

listened

than
the

to

the

obtaining
p. 26, vol. ii.

the

lib-

See

letter

in

Dalrymple's Appendix,

CATHARINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

279
wife time

erty of seeking
of
a

younger

and

more

fruitful this

by
lord

means

parliamentary his having convicted

house marry the York Cosins of peers
for

divorce.

About of

Eoos,

another
bill with

wife. all the

a bill in the adultery, moved dissolving the tie, including leave to The duke of Buckingham supported

wife

interest

of his

faction

; the

duke

of

opposed it,having
and

all the

bishops on
was

his

side,except
on

Wilkin.
and

The

controversy

carried

with

king took the opportunity of entering in his ordinary dress, and, seating himself the house the on claring, to the proceedings with throne, listened eager interest,deit was "that as good as a play.'' The bill passed, and his majesty was he urged by the base junta by whom it the surrounded solve to make was precedent for a bill to dishis marriage with the queen as regarded the legality of Catharine's of marrying another wife, for the rectitude
great heat,
the
conduct
an

had

been of

such

that

no

one

dared

even

to

breathe

insinuation
never

had

But either Charles disloyaltyagainst her. into this iniquitous design, or seriously entered
would time
came

his

conscience
the

not

permit
within

him

to

carry
of that the

it

through,
house, he

for when

three
it
was

days

appointed
chosen
must

by
told

the

confederates
infamous to

for Bab

the

bringing May, who

the

before
the

tool
he

by
let

Buckingham
that matter of

conduct

business, "that
not

alone, as
that who

it would who to

do,"
taken

to

the

extreme

annoyance

person,
were

had

infinite

pains
In to

in

preparing
a

those

words, he thought he had

the debate.' manage offered sufficient bribes

on

other
secure

majority
the There bill.
was

for

the

divisions

the

anticipated readings

of

one

sympathy subject
of

of

close confidence and a point on which a sisted opinion, little suspected by the world, subCharles and Catharine
; this
was

between

on

the

religion. Charles, although the companion of scoffers,and openly applauding the profane language,the ribald jests of Buckingham, Eochester, and all the godless
crew,

male

and

female, by whom
with

he
for

was

surrounded,

was

secretly impressed

respect
'

the

principlesof

his

Burnet.

280

CATHARINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

queen. was,
was
an

Bigoted
and

and

narrow-minded

as

Catharine

edly undoubt-

innocence

there practice superstitious overmuch, about her, a purity and atmosphere of holiness in her conversation, and an integrity in her conduct,

in

which

showed
and
as

that
matters

all she of
tender
a

did

was

from

motives
had

of

conscience
from and his

duty.
season

Charles
of

received

mother,
him.

in

the of

infancy, the

first

only impressions
on

made
of the

fruits him him

no
ease

of
a

that were ever religious nature Those impressions, without producing any Christian convictions,- piety and purity of
"

life, gave
haunted militated love the
was

strong bias
the

in

favor

of

Catholicism, which

to less than

of
world for

struggled against it,for it habitual against his self-indulgenceand his interest,and succeeded in deceiving
idea that he
was an

tomb.

He

into
a

the

infidel.

His

brother

time

deterred

by
one

his

persuasions
to

and

commands

from

avowing Charles, though

that he could

his

conversion
on

the

Eomish

creed;
with

but

he,

occasion, lamented

tears

did not love it sufiienjoy his religion, his the ciently to make slightest self-sacrifice to prove of opinion sincerity ; it was, in reality,merely a matter with The spondence him, and not of faith. kept up a correqueen
not

with intercourse
were

Eome,
of

and

this

served the

to

cover

the

tine clandes-

others, though

of her assuredly the cause connected with the implicated in the accusations of the Eoman Catholic popish plot. The re-establishment of the of the leading articles one worship in England was duchess secret was negotiated by Henrietta treaty which
most
'

suspicions it created quently name being subse-

of

Orleans

between

Louis

XIV

and

Charles
to

II. Dover

After

long correspondence, that princess came and Charles of concluding it. purpose that there, and the deep state-intrigues and sister were the royal brother of fetes and succession which rejoicings,
of

for the
met

Catharine
were

her tween bea

discussed beneath

veiled
took

place in
and
to

honor this

her

arrival.

It

was

the

first the

time latter

Catharine
returned

princess had
she

met,

and

when

France,
sister-

spoke in the

most
^

friendly manner
Dalrymple's Appendix.

of

her

royal

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

281
de woman, that

in-law.
"

She the but

told queen

her
was

couBin,
a

mademoiselle

Montpensier,
not she

that

thorough
full

good
This borne

tiful, beaumanded com-

virtuous,
the

and

of
one."
was

piety,

and

respect
of

of every

to

the

merits

Catharine almost
return
a

friendlytestimony by the best-loved

for in three

sister of her
weeks after

lord
her

with
to few

her

dying breath,
this

France,
hours of

beautiful

young

princess expired, after

agonizing illness. in The of this ratification secret treaty placed Charles Louis the degrading position of a pensioner of France. of XIY. had and mistresses the wives previously bribed such of his ministers had declined or as receiving money hands, and the despatches of Eoujewels with their own
vigny
and

Barillon

contain

sufficient

evidence

of

moneys of

paid by that sovereign to Algernon Sidney and the the republican party, who, under pretence of a foreign power the hireling tools ism^ were
civil
of the strife in

others

of
to
was

patriotstir up
aware

their

own

a laxity of corruption of preferred a peaceful disgraceful, principle scarcely more to his own use, to its appropriation of the gold of France being lavished on his subjects in the shape of bribes for his

II. Charles country. friend and foe, and with

injury.
indolence
no

His

extravagance
him to

rendered avail himself The

the

him of

needy, imposts
of
of

and

his
cost

inclined

supplies that
of

sufferings to
government
enormous

his

people.

cruel

well's Crom-

had

afforded

precedent
articles the

an

revenue

by taxing
torn been from have

collecting sumption, general conof

aid
on

but

revenue

necessities

the of
the

never people could military despotism

collected
liked

without
to

the draw

; Charles

better of

exchequer
were

of

his

wealthier the

neighbor
a

France.

There

times

when
and he

spirit of
fain to

British broken
secret

monarch
from the

stirred
chain
;

within but with

him,

would

have the

Louis
a

threatened
statement

publish
of the rather to A

correspondence,
that
the had taken

plain

transactions
than

place

between

them, and
him

endure
the

exposure,
dictated of the

Charles

submitted

follow
few

disgraceful line of policy

death
a

by
duchess

implicitly.
of

weeks II. sent

after the
out

Orleans, Charles

yacht, with

282 confidential

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

person,
de when

to

bring
whom

to

England
he
came, it had and
was

the
seen

beautiful
in attendance

mademoiselle
on

Queroualle,
at

her

Dover.
of

She

queen
his

Catharine,
sister's memory, of
of

out

respect, as
her
became the of most

compelled pretended, for

he
number

to receive

into the the

of

her tress misprincipled un-

maids

honor.

She
and

soon was

acknowledged
of
of the
one

Charles,

troublesome

intriguantes extravagant.'
There the the
was a

that

reign, and
9th

the

most

great ball
the court

on

the

of

February, 1671,
the queen and

at all

theatre
ladies

in Whitehall

palace, in
danced. observes

which "The sir her her

of
of

Catharine her

Braganza,"
a no

greatest fault Walter Seott,^

"

of
was

being bearing the

excessive

educated

Catholic, children,
It and

greatest misfortune greatest foible

occurred
to not from must dren," chilin
an

king
of

love

dancing.

might

have

the
a

that loving a ball was people of those times her in a person whose figure excluded capital sin,even all hopes of gracing it ; that a princess of Portugal be a Catholic if she had any religion at all ; and that

good

"

here

we

take

leave
are a

to

finish and

the

sentence

the

words of

of

holy writ,""
Yet from every her
on

gift

heritage that
the most

eometh
did not

the

Lord."

these

obvious assailed How

considerations

prevent

being feeling
it in aimable
:
"

with
a

scurrilous

lampoons to high
could have

occasion. and

man,

making pretences
Andrew

moral
found to
so

sanctity like
heart to

Marvel,
like

his

address
a

lines

the is

following
difiicult to
"

and

unoffending

princess, it

imagine
Reform,
And

great queen, hear a thing you

of she

the
never

errors

of

your called

youth,
truth j

heard,

After

the

birth

son,

was

created money

duchess
from her

of

Portsmouth.

Though
was

most

rapacious
great age,
so

in her

requisitions
her at the
at

for

royal lover, she

She retained
at

stantly con-

impoverished by
to
a

gambling
ducal age

propensities.
of

her

beauty
in

and
as

died

seat of

her

son

Richmond,
declares

Aubigny,

France,
the

lately
and

1734,
were

the

ninety.
with

Evelyn
massive

that her
ten

ments aparttimes

at Whitehall

splendid,and
of the

luxuriously furnished, "with

services of

richness
and his

glory
of
to

queen's,
value."

plate, whole

tables
'

stands
notes

incredible

In

Dryden'a

Works.

CATHAEINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

283

Poor You

prirate balls
must

content dance

the

danoe little

(and

fairy queen, damnably) to

designed
vex

be seen,

"

Ill-natured
For

goblin,
to

and and

nothing
wiser
root
can

but

dance,
our

mankind.

What Than You

For

thing
ambition
most

could

great monarch

do,

the would

out, by showing you ? aspiring thoughts pull down.

his wife to have

who

have

his

crown

?"

Our
on

pious bard brings his royal mistress to

"

his
this

coarse

series

of

personal insults
:
"

climax

in conclusion
to go below

What And

will dance
as

be

next, unless
your the and

you

please

among

fellow-fiends lake you

There,
You may

upon
o'erset the for

Stygian
sink rites you

float.
boat j

the

laden

While
And

we

funeral

devoutly pay.
are

dance

joy that

danced

away." malice of drew An-

As

further

instance

of

the

unprovoked
is the

Marvel
in which another the
at

against
her
name

poor is

Catharine,

ner injurious man-

duke court

into needlessly dragged by him the of his pasquinades, on which impunity with of Monmouth and his guilty associates appeared after
their the There barbarous murder of the

unfortunate
in
a

parish-beadle, on
drunken
same

night
was

of
to

February
have been
a

28, 1671,

this

grand ball the was quence prevented in consenight at the palace, which and horror caused of of the confusion by the news for the following obseroccasion vation outrage, which gave
:
"

frolic.

"

See The
And

what

mishaps

dare death

e'en

invade off the

Whitehall,
ball ! little

sillyfellow's disappoints
doubtless

puts
have

the

queen,

poor
danced

chuck,
a

Who
*******

would

it like

duck.

Yet

shall Whitehall,
these
men

the

innocent,

the

good.
lace and blood."

See

dance

all daubed

with

satire could inflict had been castigationwhich had the ill-treated by Monmouth ; but what richly deserved should be of his profligatefather wife done, that her name of Catharine ? ' The his crimes of mixed failings up with

The

severest

'

This
a

was

the

second

atrocity in which
two

the

spoiled darling
The
first
was

of
an

Charles attack
on

had
sir

been

principal

instigator within

months.

284

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

there and Braganza a princess who many

"

are

fewer
a

recorded

of

her
in the

than

of

bears

page

at all times to appear from judgment rather than

"

brighter name have proceeded

a

historic
want

from
to

of

wilful

desire

act

amiss.

could warrant not of the class that They certainlywere any in the of ribald her with in scorpions shape one chastising her Evelyn was certainly greatly annoyed with rhymes. to a one on occasion, but there her offence only amounted of taste in the fine arts, and want a deficiency of that generous which the house of of of the princes royal patronage noble an Stuart afforded so example. in the success of Evelyn, it seems, was deeply interested for his exquisite celebrated so Grinling G-ibbon, afterwards he had discovered on carvings in wood, whom by accident of a poor looking through the window solitary thatched house in the fields near Sayes court, and seeing him engaged in carving the crucifix of Tintoret, conor taining large cartoon than hundred more one figures, exquisitelyexecuted, with frame cate a wrought in festoons of flowers, the most deliand if lovely that could be imagined. Evelyn asked The he artist civillyopened the door, and might enter. examine the work, which that to plished accompermitted him considered beautiful virtuoso than more anything of
the kind

he
was

had

seen

in

all

his

travels.

He

asked
frame

the alone

price,which
well worth

lOOZ.

Evelyn
; and

considered next time

the
he

the

money

the

saw

the

king

John
the

Coventry, who

had

incurred
a

the

king's displeasure, during

hon to
mot

debate

on

proposal of
for

taxing theatres, by
Monmouth
in

sarcastic undertook

glancing
earnest

at

his

majesty's
sumption, prehe

affection

actresses.

punish Coventry
thirteen
of

for this

which,

spite

of

the

duke of

of

York's

remonstrances,
his
to

performed
Sandys
as

in

the

cowardly
from the

fashion

employing
son

troop, with waylay

bone him
These with

their
was

lieutenant, and
the him

O'Brien
house

the of

of

lord

Inchiquin,
nose

he

returning
threw
on

commons,

December
slit his his

23, 1670.
to the
were

ruffians
a

ground,
of the

beat

him,

and

penknife, and
took

would

have

finished

by taking
and screened.

but life,
four

interrupted.
miscreants
act

Parliament

cognizance
but
was

outrage,
was

punished
The

of the

with

banishment,
and from

Monmouth

Coventry pardoned
creature all

against parties
his

cutting
concerned
life
on

maiming
such
in the
"

passed
for of the

on

this occasion, for the

future. Charles the

uals protection of individthe

treatment

the

death

beadle, though Macpherson.

poor

had

begged

his knees.

Maxwell.

Lingard.

286
he would
at that three credit

CATHAKLNE

OF

BEAGANZA.

be the

purchaser.
he
was

Charles

was

in

pecuniary
; he

straits

time,
cravats at the

for in

almost

without
very few

linen

had and

only
no

the

world,

stockings,

lute absoof these more linen-draper'sto procure necessaries mand consequently he could not readily com; the money to buy Gibbon's carving, but he gratified the shifted pectation exthe pride of the artist by extolling it,and He wife. himself of to his purchasing from it to be carried to her apartment, whither adroitly causes
'

he

conducts for

Evelyn
to

and

the
matter

artist,and
her and
own

leaves way.

them

with

her,
income

her
was

settle the

Catharine's

unpunctually paid,
loss for
who
are an

she

was

much the
one

at
women

extra

hundred her aid have

pounds
reason

as

probably as his majesty;

know

about to her

to

it,and

and not

the

by depreciating the work, this affords for not an excuse buying it. Catharine, venient being skilled in the delicate art of declining an incona compliment, is regarded as a perpurchase with son and destitute of taste and liberality, chronicled by gets wisest of the age a man capes esas simpleton, while Charles
of them
comes

uncensured. traits

It

is,however,
recorded. follies and and
so

to

be

regretted that
of literature

no

of

her

generosity, or
been
all his

encouragement
all his

or

the

fine

arts, have
with II., in his
an

Charles
and
arts
won

was sins,

so

frank

gracious
which
the

manners,

form
hearts He

important
all who
came

of

perfect in all the minor part of king-craft,that he within the sphere of his
the
sarcasms

fascinations. he
was

seldom

resented

with
more

which wit

occasionallyassailed,because
those
who satirized

he

possessed

than

repartee.
of

The the

writing

with a generally retorted earl of Eochester one day took the liberty following impromptu epigrain on his majesty's

him,

and

chamber

door

"

"

Here

lies

our

sovereign
no a
man

lord relies

the
on

king,
;

Whose

word said

Who
And

never

foolish
a

thing,
one."

never

did

wise

Pepys.

CATHARINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

287
he
had read

"

It

is very
"

true," replied Charles, after

the ings say-

lines ;
are

my my

doings are
own." the in

those

of

my

ministers, but
a

my

in

one

of

with

which

given the Spectator, papers his majesty yielded to the

request
he had house. for
him to
come

Addison

has

pleasant account, of the good-humor lord mayor's overand

affectionate
when carouse, in the Mansion be the
talk

back his he

finish the citizens how

to
me

been

feasting with
"

loving
knew
came

Certain

it is that

to in

everything to every man. queen's withdrawing-room,

with
me as

The

king
the
made

from

circle of

ladies,to
Dutch loves he

to

what

advance
who

I had
can

in the that

history," says Evelyn ; and him and lightly over passes

must

wonder

his
a

faults,startling as
He
decorations in the

they
new

have

been

to

so

the

king to employ buildings at Windsor. to his majesty about

the

pure Gibbon
"

moralist?
the
a

easily induced
ing talknext

for had

fair

it," pursues
I

opportunity of he, in the lobby

"

queen's side, where

my

presented
sheet of

him

with

some

sheets

of

history."
an

From ladies Thomas

find and

entry
ofScers

in of

loose queen the

the

salaries

paid

to

the
sir

Catharine's

household
the

while

Strickland that

was

keeper
a

of
were

we privy-purse,'

thirty-sixpounds
"

year

disbursed
in

to to

her the
who who

majesty's parrot-keeper, ridiculouslylow salaries

attended received
on

large sum
the fair and of

comparison
noble of and

of

damsels

her ten

in

the

capacity
per It
annum

maids

honor,
the
"

but
maids"

pounds twenty.
have

each,

mother any
a

of

the

is

scarcely
found of
the books

credible
undertake of

that

gentlewoman charge as the

^

could

been

to

such to
at

superintendence
I of found
one

maids

honor Papers
of

the

This

curious

document

among of

Strickland
of household the steward
to

Sizergh
of

castle,between
years 1619
to

the

leares

the

expenses
sir of

the

1674, kept by
of

Thomas

Shepherd,
of the

Thomas Charles honest He

at
cated va-

Strickland, knight-banneret, keeper II., till

the of seat

privy-purse

the

queen

operation
the in

the

test

act

gentlemen
his time

Roman

Catholic
as

persuasion, knight
of

compelled him, many to relinquishhis place.

the
shire for

and

other

of the
among

parliament popish plot. The

the
heirlooms

Westmoreland

the served pre-

privy-purse, the
the

is badge of his office,

still

of

family

at

Sizergh.
and colored

It is of crimson with
the

velvet,

the and

size and the

shape
C.

of R.

large reticule,richly embroidered gold and

silver
twist

royal arms,

initials

in

silk twist.

288 of Charles

CATHAEENE

OP

BKAGANZA.

queen items

II. for in

so

of the of

payments
from
as

paltry a the royal

sheet

remuneration.' household be
list of

few

rine Cathato
some

Braganza
readers,
in the

this

may

amusing
amount difference

of

our

the illustrating times

increased

of of

the the

salaries

present

; but

the

queen-consort's revenue, the above manner all,

arrear

the

relative she
taken

value
was

of

money, often

and,
left in ;

in which be

too the

by
the

the

crown,

must amount

into

calculation

also to

enormous

of

fees and
in those lord

every

office

in

the

court

perquisites attached days. According to

received
50Z. ; her
a

this account,

then, Catharine's
of IGOl. ; her

chamberlain of
the horse
more

yearly salary
secretary,
the

master

pounds important functionary, her parrot-keeper ; had 33Z. yearly ; her carvers in number, two
same,"

only

fourteen

than

that

her

cup-bearers,
same.

the
her

"

Her in

eight

grooms

of the

privy-chamber
the
same

had
;

each

60^

apothecaries,
j Edward

twelve

number,

50?. ; her of in

surgeon,
her

Hugh

Aston,
her

S7L clerlj:,

Hill, brusher, 301.; lady

maids bOl. ; much of

majesty's robes, for apiece

10?. ;

entertainment, 3001.;
in

honor, being
of j
so

six

number,

chamberera, eight
Her laundresses

number,
are

keeper
higher

her
are

majesty's sweet-coffers,2QI,"
her

rated

starchers.

Her

musicians,

or

mushioners

according

to

honest

Tom

the best off of all,for twelve Shepherd's orthography, were of the music, of them are paid 1201. apiece,and the master 440^. per and for himself eight boys, is allowed annum;
^

The

abstract

from

the

salary
to

list of

queen of

Catharine's
sir Thomas

household
Strickland's

in

which

these Tom

entries

appear
and

is in the
seems

handwriting
be
a

steward,
tion instrucof his
no

Shepherd,
of

rough transcriptmade
on

by him
upon

for the
duties It

the
It

worthy
is

cavalier-banneret
"

his

entering by

the

ofl"ce.

endorsed

List

of it

her

majesty's
book where into

servants' the

wages."
circumstance of expenses of

has

date, but being by

the

period
between

to

which
leaves
on

belongs

is verified

of its
incurred to her

found

the

of the his
:
"

the items
his office

sir Thomas
are

Strickland,

entering

privy-purse

majesty,

noted, June, 1671

".
Fees The The at the

..

d.

signet-office

..034 6 2 at Whitehall
.
.

hill for the

privy-purse king's silver at the privy-seal

famishing entry
is of

2 0 10

6 0 0

The The

the

outer

apartment
the

13

next

indicative

of

foppery
gloves,

of
seven

the

gallants of the shillings."

court

of

Charles

II.,
"

"Three

pair

of

jessamy

CATHAEINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

289

her

tailor

is

paid

yearly salary
301. ; the

of

60Z.,and
of her

the

maker, shoe-

361. ; the

cook,

master

majesty's Braganza
of the the master

games, The
savors

50Z.

hunting
of that
and

establishment of
a

of

Catharine

of

Plantagenet
of her

in the of England queen Tudor sovereigns,for there is with

a

days
"

majesty's bows,"
"

ofSce her who

yeoman bows 501.

251.

of

her
"
"

majesty's
receives

;"
per
each.

to his salary of 61L attached of a groom majesty's bows," and of her master a majesty's bucks,"
"

annum

; and

"

two

yeomen

of

her

harriers,"at yearly. The

"

45Z. are clock-keeper'swages of Penalva countess figures in this list as madam Four eign fornurse," with a yearly pension of 1201. service ladies in queen Catharine's are quaintly designated four other of the madams, at by Tom Shepherd as
"

Her

601."

There

are

also
and

some

brief
sums

statements due to her

relative
from

to

her
chequer, ex-

majesty's income,
and amount

the

the

from

fines, "c., which,

up
her to

together

with

the

received,
secured

makes

per
the

annum

of 30,000?. preciselythe revenue by her marriage-articles. While

queen-mother, was paid with

with death
of

Henrietta

Maria, lived, Catharine's

a

come in-

diflSculty by
maintenance

necessitous queens

government,
'

burdened
at not

the
that

of two

and

even was

the

princess, the queen-consort's case

as, from of

at first

improved,
two

lord

Arlington's statements,
income,
after

it appears

that

years
to

Henrietta's

her
time

death,
the

was

mortgaged
was

whole

to

revert
was

debts,^ after pay her to Catharine.

at

which

Queen

Catharine

present
sudden
her of
an

the

death She

of
came

her to

sisterher
as

in-law, Anne
soon as

Hyde,
heard

duchess

of York.
fatal till she

she
and

of the

turn

her

sickness
was

had

taken,
when

remained

with

died

She
the

present
; and

Blandford
who
never

bishop
omits

Oxford

visited

duchess

Burnet,
'

opportunity
best known
to

of

attacking Catha^
and

Lord What
;

Arlington's Letters, Tol.

these
are

i. p. 400.
was

debts in

amounted

to

they

complete

contradiction

the

ton Arlingtestimony of her chaplain,pfere

to
were

king Charles

Cyprian G-amachc, and to her French It is possible they might conduct.

Somerset

biographers,who pertain
to

witnesses

of

her
at

repairs and

improvements

house,

in

progress

at her

death.

290

CATHAEINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

rine, pretends
sacrament of and
; but

"

that read

the
the he

bishop
service
saw

intended for

to

administer
to

the

the

sick

the

duchess

side, sitting by her bedhim from which his modesty deterred reading prayers would, probably, have driven her majesty out of the room ; would that but not being done, she, pretending kindness, not leave her." Now, it is certain that the bishop, after the York when
the queen

conversation

he

had

just had
such
to

with

the

duke

of

York
duchess
or

in the

no drawing-room, had charged her husband bishop who might come

intention.

The

had other
was

inform
to

Blandford,
to

any
she

speak
Rome,

her,
had

"

that

reconciled

not

this
"

ceived accordingly resisted its sacraments so told, they still inif,when ; but on in, provided they did seeing her, they might come The duke with disturb her controversy." repeated further who to Dr. Blandford, with particulars, replied,

to the

church

of

and

that

he

made

no

doubt

she

would motives
a

do

well,

as

she

had

not went

been into and

influenced the
so room

by worldly
and
'

; and

afterwards

made A

her few

short

Christian

exhortation,
to and this the

departed."
had
been which
a

months between

previously
Catharine
itself
on as

event,
duke
casion. oc-

there
of

coolness
had

York,
that the

manifested of York of
on

the
a

following
favor lose
was

The

duke

had

asked

of

the

king,
when

his

regiment
and

guards might
the death of

not

its

rank

Coldstream,
word
"

Monk,
but kind the to

lord
him

Craven,
his

called
that it

the should

queen's troop.
not
;

The

given to king gave

who,
was

queen,

James

says,

was

not about

of

herself

very
were

him,

duced in-

by
underhand

some

her, who
on

mortification

him,
the

to rank

troop
than
was a

of

guards might
She
and

have

guards."

others, who
the

had
so

glad to put any ask the king that her next to his majesty's influence perhaps more
very
on

herself,pressed
little embarrassed he
he
was

king
between

hard their

this

point
was saw on

that
and told

he

solicitations this
"

the
to

promise
James,

had
came

given
to

his brother.

When

the

king
the
must
James
women

and

said,
and

He

that
that

his
count ac-

majesty
;

teased

by
he
of

others
it
a

and

though
1

consider
II., in Stanier

hardship,

he

Journal

Clark.

CATHARINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

291

would

voluntarilyrelease
others

him

from
never

his
to in

promise,
make him

ever for whatuneasy settled

did, he
of

was

resolved It should
over

for that of

any the

concern

his."

was,

consequence, the
second

queen's guards
with

be

called

troop
an

guards,

arrangement
Like

precedency only consistent

the
her

duke's rank

regiment,
as

with

sort.' queen-con-

all very proud occasionally committed

persons,
herself

Catharine

of
than

by

more

Braganza ordinary

departure
when
that

her movements stately ceremonies by which were generally regulated. It was, however, only in the her spirits excited were quest of amusement and the dignity she forgot the stiffness of the infanta from the
queen. the

of

the

The end
the

most

notable

of

her

frolics
the

occurred
was

towards

of

September, 1671, when

of the
earl

court

at folk,' Suf-

Audley days
took
was

End,*

residence
and

and

countess

of

where
with it into

king were great magnificence.

her head
to

she

the

entertained While
to

for
her

several

there,
see

majesty
with
ingham. Buck-

go

incognita
town

the

fair which

held

at

the

neighboring
of

of and

Saffron the

Walden,
of

Frances

duchess

Eichmond,

duchess

for this They arrayed themselves expedition in short red and other articles of with waistcoats petticoats, what of country lasses, they imagined to be the costume and in this mounted The on disguise set forth. queen, the brave old a jade, rode on a pillion behind sorry cart of Eichmond cavalier, sir Bernard Gascoigne,* the duchess

1
2

Journal This

of

James

II.
situated and
on

princely mansion,
lord editor

the

borders

of of

Essex his

and son,

Suffolk, passed present peer,

married
to the

to the

late

Braybrooke,
of

is the and

family-seat
of

the

the
*

noble

Pepys's Diary Howard,

the Henrietta

Correspondence.
this noble

Young

James

grandson daughter
the

pair,was
natural

lady
of
*

Charlotte

Jemima

Fitzroy, king Charles's

to

daughter
The

by

Elizabeth Suffolk

viscountess
was

Shannon,
Catharine's

sir

Henry
in the

Killigrew.

countess

queen

principal lady
beginning
the and of

waiting. great rebellion,entered by hia valor

the
surrender the

Sir Bernard of Charles the

was

G-ascoigne, in I., and by

so

service

greatly distinguished himself

of

that he of Colchester
with
town

incurred

peculiar
selected
and

ill-will Fairfax
to

parliament, and
his the
council of
was
as a

on

fellow-vietim defended with that

the
to

heroic the last

Lisle

Lucas,
for the

expiate
Sir

crime

having
led out

extremity

king.

Bernard

those

loyal

gen-

292
behind Mr.

CATHAEINE

OP

EEAGANZA.

behind Eoper, and the duchess of Buckingham all so overBut they had another done gentleman of the court. of their disguises,in consequence, we presume, may and copying the representation of peasants at the theatres from instead of taking their models masks court reality,
that

they looked country people, as

follow

more

like
as

antics

than

rustics, and

the
to
a

soon

them,
to

in the

the fair,began they entered expectation, no doubt, that they were of

strolling company
their but the
queen

comedians, who

were

about

to

tribute con-

amusement into
a

by
booth

their to

going

stockings for her sweetheart," and with a blue, for his sweetheart," pair of gloves, stitched found soon out," says our author, by their "they were gibberish,to be strangers," meaning foreigners. Doubtless sir Bernard the queen's Portuguese, and tier Gascoigne's courwhat at imitating they supposed to be the attempts
"

performances ; a buy pair of yellow sir Bernard asking for

"

droll

"

'

manners

and must of

language
had
queer the
an

of

Essex

and

Suffolk

peasants,
of the

at

fair

have the
and

ludicrous irresistibly dress

and

effect, dently indepenparty.

appearance

The

both little Buckingham were Her her dark women. dumpy hair, olive majesty, with complexion, and large black might, perhaps, have eyes, borne to a foreign some likeness, in her short red petticoat, fair face of Prances ; but then the graceful figure and gypsy of Eichmond, duchess she who la belle Stuart had been as
queen

duchess

of

the

star

of

the The

court,
in the

must

ill have was,

assorted

with

such
elled. unrav-

gabardine.
A

mystery

however,
had
seen

presently
the
was

person

crowd, who

queen

at

public state-dinner, recognized her, and

tlemen into the that

proud
had

of pro-

castle-yard
he

to share

the

same

deadly volley, and

it
was

thrown
an

off
of

hia doublet the

might
he
was

"die
a

airily," when
of

recollected

by

officer

parliament that
make

subject
on

the

duke

reprisal?cr
reprieved.
an
IS

his The

murder

all the

Tuscany, who might possibly English in Florence, and he was

pretence, for the
a name

of

therefore
coigne the

part
1

of

plea was probably He was England. equerry-extraordinary to Catharine

ancient
one

of

Gas-

in

very

old

man

when
at

performing

of

Braganza
of

Saffron Walden

fair. Letter
from

Mr.

Henshaw

to

sir

Robert

Paston

Oxnead,"

Ives's

Select

Papers.

294

CATHARINE

OP

BEAGANZA.

corporation presented devised especiallyfor

reference to the
source

Charles

fishing-town was 250Z.,' a more suspended by a rich chain, value than perchance, to royalty at that era acceptable offering, the of Yarmouth town the four-and-twenty herring-pies which bound to present annually to was by ancient tenure in the it was the sovereign. ISTo doubt, as height of the of the most for such season especial dainties, a tribute added bloaters for their table; and was majesties' own and James poration, were regaled by the corprobably, as Charles the a conspicuous article in herring-pies formed the bill of fare,which unfortunately has not been preserved. much Charles was pleased with his entertainment, and the port and town, declaring he did not greatly admired think He bestowed he had such a place in his dominions.' the Balthe accolade of knighthood on recorder, Eobert other dock, and two gentlemen. He slept at the house of Mr. James Johnson,' and the next day parted for Norwich, where he and the queen to be the guests of lord Henry were of the dukes of Howard,* at that ancient city residence Norfolk called the duke's noble mansion, palace.' That had lain desolate which since the decapitation of the lover of Mary queen of Scots (in consequence of whose attainder of Norfolk the dukedom had been for a century extinct), fallen almost into ruins, was and had hastilyrepaired,and at notice fitted up in a suitable manner for the only a month's is brieflydetailed reception of the royal guests. All which in a contemporary letter by a citizen of Norwich,^ to a
"

naval

had been jewel which that bearing characteristic purpose, the prosperity of that great whence rings, derived, namely, four golden hera
"

with

'

friend
'

of

his

in
Records

London,
of

endorsed, Narrative
quoted by
to Norwich.

of

His

Ma""*

Corporation
of

Yarmouth,
visit

Dawson

Turner, Esq., in his

Narrative
^

Charles

the
of

Second's

Echard's

Hist,

England.
of

' *

Corporation Records
In

Yarmouth,
created

1672, king
to him the

Charles forfeited of

this

Turner, Esq. quoted by Dawson earl of Norwich, hospitable nobleman Norfolk,

clever and

restored

dukedom

of

recognized him

as

tary heredi-

earl-marshal
'

England. Turner, Esq., in his

Visit
to little

Printed the

by Dawson
Second's

pamphlet,
the

Narrative
of

of

Charles

Norwich,

addressed

to

secretary

the

Archaeological Society.

CATHARINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

295

and

Norwich, 28 S"",'71, wherein we learn that all the house through was nobly and richly furnished with beds, hangings, and the appurtenances for
at
"

the

Q"'

treatment

lodging.
and

The

old

tennis-court

was

turned
as

into

kitchen,
is
one-

the

duke's

bowling-alley (which,
and
one rooms

you

know,

and-thirty foot wide,

made
into five

hundred for

and

ninety

foot

long)

their eating,where, ' with all things majesties' being sumptuously adorned room, and wise parted from the rest, the other four do likenecessary, this help to show the greatness of his heart who made noble preparation and entertainment.'' From the learn the great same pleasant authority we found perplexity in which the chief magistrates of l^orwich themselves this important day, when the king and queen on had their royal intentions of entering that loyalcity signified in state the same afternoon, but, alas ! from two nearly opposite directions for his from Yarmouth, majesty was coming ; and Euston her majesty from It road. by the l^ewmarket and his brethren matter was a as obligatory on the mayor their not only of loyalty,but duty, to meet sovereign at is the Trowse bridge, which boundary of the city on the road and usual he was there to go through the travelling, of surrendering the the ceremonies sword, and the mace, corder, keys, in recognition of his royal authority ; and for the rethe as mouth-piece of the city, to harangue and address welcome his majesty in a complimentary : also to tender or a propitiatory offering ia the shape of money him the city bands, to escort to his plate,and then, with lord Henry Howard lodgings at the duke's palace,to which bound his royal guest. to wait in like manner was upon arine CathEtiquette, as well as gallantry,prescribed that queen

several

after

should
and

be received
in

with

the

like testimonials

of

respect

of surrenderthe ceremonial ing everything save and other insigniaof ofiiee, which the mace mission act of subthe sovereign'speculiardistinction to receive. it was "Datharine, being the daughter of a Spanish princess and a of a formal generation and nation, Portuguese king, came and placed,it was well known, great importance on all ex-

homage,

Citizen's

Letter

; edited

by Dawson

Turner, Esq.

296 terna]

CATHABINE

OP

BEAGANZA.

observances
and

; and

she, of

course,

expected

to

be met,

of the cityby complimented on the confines the magistrates and escorted gentlemen, and to be by them of reverto the duke's ence. palace with all due manifestations Their than worships did all they could, and more done fore beand corporation of Norwich was ever by a mayor since ; for, in order to save or time, they mounted and signia, inthemselves horseback, arrayed in their robes on in all the glories Mr. Thomas Thacker, the mayor, red velvet been of a new which had presented to him gown, for the with sword, cap by lord Henry Howard, purpose

welcomed,

"

"

of

maintenance,

mace, and
so

and rode
at

two

hundred down

young
to the

citizens

ably suit-

equipped,
on

they
Trowse

city confines
one

the
meet

Yarmouth
and

road

bridge
After

about

o'clock,

to

welcome
than

his
an

majesty.
hour

for

more

great injury, doubtless, of the

some

fully waiting very dutiin the pouring rain, to the scarlet velvet, mayor's new had sent out to watch

of the
in

scouts, whom
to

they
notice

the

roads

order with
announce

give
that

of

his of
was

having
an

met

the

avant

couriers

majesty's approach, the turned royal party, relike to be there

in

to

his

majesty
lord

Henry Howard, who and with his sons in waiting also, began to be retinue was in fear lest,while all tarrying for the they were king, her should arrive at the city majesty which really happened
or
" "

hour,

thereabouts.

Then

limits had
from

on

the

London their

road

before
to

Mr.

mayor

and could

the

rest

performed
the
duke's

devoir

Ms

majesty, and

return

and her thither. escort palace to meet Lord Henry Howard, however, despatched his two sons to wait for queen Catharine at Cringleford bridge, and to stood also deputed explain to her how matters : the mayor Mr. Corie to make the city'scompliments and for excuses the apparent neglect.'

It

was

four

o'clock

ere

the Mr.

king
mayor
a

and and

his

retinue

arrived had

at Trowse been

bridge,where
The

his

brethren his

sittingin equestrian
left Yarmouth.

pomp
usual

full hour

before

esty majthe

solemnities

performed,
Dawson

congratulatory address
1

delivered
Visit to Norwioh

by

the

recorder, the votive

by
Turner, Esq.

Narrative

of

King

Charles's

; edited

CATHAEINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

297

guineas presented and graciously duke's to the received, and the sovereign attended palace, their turned about, though nearly wet worships through, and what made haste her they could to meet majesty. Queen Catharine, who had already crossed their city limits
two
at

offering of

hundred

Cringleford bridge,encountered
broad took hill

the

civic

cavalcade There

on
a

the halt

just through the villageof Baton. the which place, and all the ceremonials
in such
case
a were

rigor of
sides,

etiquette prescribed
and

enacted

on

both

the

recorder

delivered

unfortunately, there was more gratifying,all the in that which they had conducted her majesty with great demonstrations through the city,entering, as the king had in she received was Stephen's gates, where
with vast

complimentary address ; but, it no gift forthcoming to render exhausted having been city funds just presented to the king. They
respect done, at St.
like manner,
"

of

shouts number

and
of

acclamations

of

joy from
and
"

dukes, earls,lords,
our

The people. nobility of young

the

both

sexes," pursues journey, is

to and be

officers whose this

easier

authority, besides to attend duty engaged them

not to

all other the

It is vast

chief
on

court

he

numbered
set

here.

likewise sion confuto press

conceived

than

down

here which
a

the

crowds
duke's
was

into
never

the

people palace, to
honored

of

of all sorts
see so

offered
as

noble
for and
room

sight
I

Norwich
about

before of all the

within

with,

indeed Suffolk

think
were

half

people in Norfolk this city,and scarce

; but

got
horse

gether toor

left

for

man

to

stir hereabout

the

great precaution, care,

whose
all the sober and had

and

vigilaney
character matters
so

of my
is
so

lord
well

Howard,
known
as

generous
ordered

to

world,
I

aforehand,
and

that

I saw, of

besides

their

majesties
say
some

and

the

dukes

grandees
the least
an ever

the

court,

may

hundreds
at

of

people,all plentifully, nobly, and

so

orderly

served

supper,

without

confusion, disorder, or
as

ill accident is the

in

attending
first that

great
the
dukes

undertaking
yet
the of

this,which
and with

hath

ventured

to treat

lodge
their

his

house
at
once.

his
.

majesty,
The
.
.

queen,

duke,

trains,
and

Eichmond,

Buckingham,

Monmouth,

and

others

of

less

rank, lodged that

night

in

298
the duke's

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

who
his
own

palace with lay above

in
'

their stairs

ladies,after
with
the the

quarter, where

lay

earl of
rest

bedchamber
train." It must

waiting, and
that

the

of

ample, majesty's exand quitted queen, Ossory, lord of the ling his majesty's travel-

his

majesties had searched for the express the calendar they could not have purpose, to the inconvenient selected season generality of a more their loving lieges in the metropolitan city of the eastern
be

confessed,

if their

counties in

for

their

royal
the

visit

than

Michaelmas-eve,
of

when,
of

consequence
servants
are

of

local

customs the

that

part

land, Engwomen char-

changed,
to the

and

household
the and

gods

in every

mansion and

are

put
the

rout

by

saturnalia

of

scrubbing-brushes, take which for the annual purifications-extraordinary place previous to the departure of old servants, and the painful
exaltation of brooms

interregnum
successors

preceding

the

arrival
domestic

of

their

inexperienced
touched
the not

in oflB.ce.

These

miseries
or

the

royal guests, their

who Howard
were

noble
to

attendants,
share the

company

invited the

privileged hospitalityof lord

been who
try coun-

Henry
more were

have palace, but must than ordinarily distressing to all the families expected to extend hospitalityto the influx of and friends, half Norfolk Suffolk, who poured in
"

duke's

"

into

Norwich

to

witness

the

attractive
and
to

pageant
see

of and

the
the

honors duke

paid
of

to the

king

and

queen, hero

them

before day, and (for it was the fatal change in his religion) the darling of at that time the nation. The of the royal visit, worthy chronicler being of lord Henry servant a Howard, and probably a bachelor,

York,

the

naval

of the

has

not

recorded

housewives presume

any of Norwich

of
on

the this

troubles

which

afflicted
; so
we

the

that, instead
locked to
see

of up

trying occasion cumbering themselves

their

about

may much their

serving,they
country
Whoever
their

houses,
could.

and

went

with

friends

all

they

played

that

Michaelmas-day, it
king)
by Dawson worked
us

is certain

that
in

the majesties (especially

their

vocation, unless
1

the

authorities
; edited

before

very have

hard

crowded

Citizen's

Letter

Turner, Esq.

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

299
In

the

doings majesty was

the rather
we

of

days into one. graciously pleased to

'

three

"

the

first

place, his
for

touch church

several

persons

king's evil,"
should service

for

which

the

say retained called the oflSce

and

to
arm

repeat
of

prayer,
Then

bind
went
an

provided, or at the Eeformation, a particular of healing, the king having a piece of angel gold on the
"

had

each.

he
in with at the

in

state

to ; and

the when
on

cathedral,
he

where ended

he his

was

sung

anthem

had
hard

devotions went

east

end, kneeling

the

stone, he

into the

entertained, says
to

the

he was nobly bishop's palace,where the city records Blomfield from cording ; but, acNorwich eye-witness also, his citizen, an
to
see

majesty merely
out

went

the

cathedral,
with
his

"

whence
lord

he

tired re-

of

the

crowd,
to

and

stepped'into
himself

the
a

bishop's

palace adjoining
wine
the and duke

refresh attended

sweetmeats,
of

only by

glass of choice royal highness,

and Howard the lord so and ; Buckingham, returning by the duke's palace,went to the Guildhall, where, followed togetherwith the right honorable by a vast nobility, the

lord

Townsend,
had from the

our

lord-lieutenant leads
in
arms a

of this
of the

county
coats,
from his
new

and
saw

he city,
our

prospect
with

city, and
red

whole
not

regiment
the
so

their
of

and the

wanted

reiterated
filled the
scarce
room

acclamations
whole
to

people, who
coach

joy market-place, as
thence he
to

esty's majhall

had

pass

the

[meaning
went from
to

St. Andrew's
to

hall],where
queen,
and

with

his
a

royal highness
noble
treat

meet
'

the The

received

the

city."
Those
two

900Z.

amounted of this banquet expenses loyal Iforfolk knights, sir John Hobart service
on

and

sir

Eobert

Paston,^ performed feudal

the first dishes
on

this
their

occasion, by placing

the

table before

sovereign.*
was Queen Catharine all chamberlain, and

attended
her to

by

her

almoner

and

lord

served
1

her

at

meals,"
his

who those besides state-officers, wit, her cup-bearer, carver, sewer,

the

Narrative
Dawson

of

Majesty's Esq.

and

Queen's
, " ".,

treatment

at

Norwich;

edited

by

Turner,

'j j-jjjj
*

,," City Records, MS.

"
,

Blomfield's

Hist,

of Norwich.

300

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

ushers,

and

waiters.

She

had and

in her

train

the

duchesses
countess women,

of of

Eichmond,
four madame

Buckingham,
of
the of

Monmouth,
seven

the

Suffolk, mistress
maids

robes,
the

bedchamber of the
with
a a

honor;
chief of

keeper

sweet

coffers,
dresses laun-

Nunn,
under

the

laundry,
and
"

staff of

her, a baker-woman,

necessary-woman,

The earnest to have king was making a very long suite.' knighted the mayor, who as earnestlybegged to be excused. sir Thomas that honor on His majesty, however, conferred of the most complished acBrown, the author of Eeligio Medici, one physicians of the age." risen have ing, The early that mornvery royal party must
'

for, according banquet

hasted distance
was over

to

the

letter eleven

of

the

Norwich
and

citizen,the
both

before
duke of

o'clock;
and their

their

majesties, with
to sir

the

York
at

noble
to

attendants, dinner, the

John

Hobart's

Blickling

The registerbeing fifteen miles from Norwich. of book the following record of Blickling church contains this visit : with queen II., Catharine, James King Charles of York, accompanied duke of Monmouth, by the dukes and Eichmond, Buckingham, with divers lords, arrived and dined at sir John Hobart's, at Blickling hall, the king,
"
" "

queen,

duke

of

York, duchesses
the

of

Eichmond

and
others 1671.

ingham, Buckin

etc.,in
whence

great parlor beneath

great dining-room, the it, Michaelmas-day, upon

to

the

Prom

king to Oxnead, came through Blickling the next day about one of the clock, going to Eainham, to the lord Townsend's." While his majesty knighted at Blickling,' the youthful heir of the house, Henry Hobart, who was about At thirteen Blickling their majesties years of age. returned to sup and parted after dinner : the queen sleep at Norwich in the duke's the the palace, while king, with
duke of York
to and and divers of the

they went, the queen and lodged there, and

Norwich,

the

court,

went

to

sir Eobert
was

Paston's

sup
of his Hist,
is

pass

the

night.
Queen's

Oxnead

hall

large

'
2 '

Narrative Blomfleld's

Majesty's and
of Norwich.
the seat of

the

treatment

at

Norwich.

Blickling hall
Hobart

Caroline

baroness

the representative Suffield,

of the

family.

302

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

pastoral still glides in peaceful course through woods Bure, which the formed that meads and velvet once park and chase. the of man, within oak pointed A venerable memory was, traditions of the place, which, according to the out, beneath his queen stood when and they shot at the king Charles scending
one

below

the

other

to the

banks

of

the

butts, and
The of fact

it

was

added

that

that

Catharine

of

majesty Braganza was

her

hit

the

mark.

the

in fraternity of bowmen greatly delighted in witnessing feats of archery, gives a that and she to the village tradition strong confirmation bows and their skill in shooting with her lord exercised

the

honorable

patroness and London,

arrows

during
1676
a

their

brief

visit

at

Oxnead

hall.

In

the

year
was
an

the
arms

of the fraternity badge for the marshal the with figure of made, weighing twenty-five ounces, archer drawing the long English bow to his ear, bearing having also the Sagitarii, inscriptionRegince Catharince bowmen for of two Portugal, with England and silver

supporters.^
After
queen her return to

Norwich

on

the
in
a

Catharine
manner,

conducted

herself

Saturday evening, popular and pleasant

wished to all who to see by giving free access and their homage, without Quaint respect of persons. pay and to her good-nature on amusing testimony is rendered friend the Norwich this occasion citizen, by our venerative I cannot, likewise, it shall be given : in whose words own know how here forbear to let you infinitelygracious her to all our so city,being pleased to condescend majesty was all sorts of people, of what far as to let almost ever, degree soshe passed along the kiss her hand, ever as gallery and with admirable saint-like charity and most a patience :
'"
"

so

as

our

whole of
was

inhabitants,
else but
of

within her

and

without

doors, ring
.

and

sing

nothing
created

praises,continual
She
was

prayers
ance in attend-

Paston, who
on 1

earl the

Yarmouth. Oxnead.

most

probably

the

queen

during
and f^te

visit to
;

Ency clopsediaBritannica
a

article,Archery.
titles
to

few

years
at

afterwards which
and

there

was

procession
II.
was

given by the Finsbury

the
of duke ancient

archers,
of national

his

majesty
of
most

Charles

present,

when

Shoreditch

marquess
on

Islington
skilful

were

conferred, according

custom,

the

marksmen.

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

303
and be eternal
a

and

tears

being
us, must
ear

offered

up

for

her

temporal
if there
no

blessings by
on ever

who
be

all
her

conclude,

that

saint
did

earth,
see,
so

it
nor

majesty
the memory

; since

eye
did

alive
ever

within

of

man

hear

of,

much

virtue breast."

of
'

all

goodness, charity, humility, sweetness, and now kinds, as are lodged in her saiat-like exaggerated
these
the

However

expressions
enthusiastic

may

has faded it is to be prompted them away, that intended remembered never by the writer they were in the confidential warmth for publication, but were written He kind heart bears honorable of a loyal and to his friend. of the testimony to the honesty and good conduct the queen, and to see lates repeople, who had free admittance of one ants, attendof her the following pleasing anecdote made which to have a great impression on his appears of the mind. One gentlemen waiters, called Mr. Tours, was waiting at the door of the drawing-room whilst the and wives in all the aldermen's and daughters came mayor her to kiss majesty's hand on Saturday night, one of the of very good value, dropping a pearl necklace company but himself, crowd in this horrible seen was which by none called on the out and it up, he immediately found took who
"

nearly feeling which

two

centuries

after

excitement

appear of

lord which

Henry
was

Howard such
a

to

receive

and

return

it to the

owner,

surprising act of virtue in a poor cavalier them immortal and fame gained him courtier, as forever like example we find to and reputation in this city. The lord did this morning in what follow something near my to my that, in all this hurry, himself wonder, assure me, five thousand pounds' worth his butlers that, in above aver
"

lord lost an can not ounce ; nor my plate,they have find, by any of his servants, that there is lost to the value I confess is very of three-pence of any of his goods ; which I have crowds horrid as seen perpetually strange, in such of

posting all
child crowds.
'

corners

of the
now,

the

house
hurt

;
or

nor

has

man,

woman, in

or

received
And
in Dawson

least
last

dissatisfaction
so

these

of

all,his lordship is
of king Charles's

obhging,

Printed

Turner's

account

visit to Norwicli.

304
to the

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

even

meanest
as so

of
it
was

us

that all, when

he

keeps
court

up

his

house,
not

ready furnished
will continue
seen

the
to

was
as

here, and
have
full and

it

all this
as

week,
house
with

it

already, so
a

the

satisfysuch really looks now

rabbits." the
^

as

as quick [alive]

warren

Sunday morning devotions, and, according

On

the

after to
our

breakfast,"
had made while her received

queen

Catharine well

took

performance of her authority, a plentiful her the departure from

"

loyal city of Norwich,'

; and
so

satisfied with
an

the

attention

she

agreeable
manners

by

her

amiable
the

and

been impression had reallypopular behavior

had been

there, that
was

present which

lacking
"

on

able provided, and laid at her feet with all suitexpressionsof dutiful respect at her departure, namely, hundred guineas for her, and fiftyfor her royal brother-

arrival

in-law

the

duke
was

of York.
conducted
; here

Catharine
as

by

the lord Howard coaches she

in
was

and

his

sons

far
and

as

Attleborough
her
It
was

fresh

attended

to carry

her

ladies to
then

Euston, where
On
the 9th of

king.
took
was
run

Newmarket

races,

rejoinedby the which his majesty

the
named

much

interest.

October

great match
Woodcock

between

two

celebrated which

horses,

and to

Flatfoot, one
Mr. Elliot his
of

of

the
at

rebuilt
in
a

palace

belonged to the king, the other bedchamber. had King Charles just situated Newmarket, a mean building,
either heath court
or
avenue.

attending the sports, but often rode in the evening, to to Euston over sleep.' sup and "When the week's the to spend king came sports ended, the Sunday at Euston he was followed hall,whither by all the company from Newmarket. The nobility and gentry
of Norfolk and

there

dirty street, without all day, or the on

He

was

Suffolk
queen,

flocked

thither
whole

to

pay
was

their

court

to

him

and

the

and

the

house French
more

filled with bert, Col-

lords, ladies, and

and

gallants.
were

The
and

ambassador,
than two
manner

his suite
were

there,

hundred for
This

persons
'

entertained

in the

most

princely
treatment is dated
at

Narrative

of his Mr.

Majesty's
Turner's

and

the

Queen's

Norwich. October
"

letter,printed in
'

interesting pamphlet,

2, 1671.

Ibid.

Evelyn.

CATHARINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

305
the
more

days. portion of the

fifteen

The

queen,

her

ladies,and

refined
in hunting,

noble
or

guests passed their mornings

French riding out to take the air. The that ambassador, and Evelyn, courtly philosopher John the gamto escape generally joined this gentle company, bling that was the gentlemen. going on all day long among This, however, was nothing in comparison to the riotous took place during the next week's races. proceedings which

hawking,

Queen

Catharine

remained, with

the virtuous

portion of her

ladies,quietly at Euston, while the king and his profligate The earl of associates pui-sued their orgies at Newmarket. religion Arlington was, in secret, a professor of the same with of learning,of elegant tastes a man herself; he was and but specious and unprincipled.^ polished manners,
Catharine's
name

has

never

been
measures

involved
of

in any her

of the band hus-

intrigues and
and

unconstitutional

royal

and all one They were profligateministers. persevering in their machinations unfriendly to her, and lord chancellor, when Shaftesbury, the new against her. with of York the negotiations for the marriage of the duke Catholic Eoman public in the spring of a princess became tween bethe question of a divorce occasion to moot 1673, took

his

without more majesties once ; and, consulting the king, had engaged Vaughan, one their
to
move

so

much

as
tures, crea-

of his
there
a

in the the
"

house

of

commons

"

that

would

be

no

security for queen," and

queen
a

established

religionwithout
should
him allow
a

estant Prot-

that

parliament
and
of the for

the dower

king
of There

to

divorce

Catharine,
consort

vote

500,000?. with
was even
a

reformed

religion."
this

day appointed
of

bringing
Charles
be II.

beproposition

He

was

one

the
of

secret

council

of

called
so
as

'

the
to

Cabal,' because
form
an

the

initial

letters

their His

names

could

arranged

acrostic child

spellingthat
the the

word.

world,

was

betrothed
the

dnke'of Grafton,
Evelyn

in lovely and promising only daughter, the most at twelve, to married at five years old, and afterwards of Castlethe II. countess of Charles by eldest son married at that

creature grieved to see this charming young he incapable of feared, was ill-mannered boy, who, tender age to a rudely-bred, It is a remarkable fact,that of the appreciatingthe value of such a prize. possessedthe slightest illegitimate offspringof Charles II., not one numerous

maine.

talent

or

worth

of

character.

306
fore had

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

parliament, but Charles, when the good feeling to put a decided

on a

it

was

named

to

him,

negative upon
to

it.^ He

had,

former

occasion, used

this

strong expression, when

follow the
principled un-

tempted

and by Buckingham example of Henry

Lauderdale VIII.
in
"

ridding
If my

himself

of

his innocent said

suffer

wife

on

false
me

pretence
to out divorce

"

conscience,"
it would After to this
^

he, "would
me

allow

the

queen,

to

despatch
enemies
for

her

of the

world."

repulse,the
unmolested

of the

queen

permitted

her

remain
occurs

Little of nearly five years. arrival The in her history during that time. Hortense in England, who, when of Mazarine inspired the king with a passion so intense offered
event to to make her

interest

of the

duchess

Mancini, had
that
an

he

had

his who

wife,

must

have

been

alarming

the
in

queen,
one

rival fifteen

years
from

ble naturally apprehended a formidathus whom he had regarded. The lapseof mance had, however, banished particle of roevery heart He
of of

the

Charles

love
a

was

with

him

no

longer
and

sentiment.
a

gave
4000Z.
never a

Hortense year, and

residence visited

sea at Chelher
sionally, occa-

pension
her

but of

influence

equalled that
the

of the

duchess

Portsmouth. None of
our

II. exception of James and late patriotic and beloved our IT., sovereign William taken to have a more livelyinterest in naval affairs appear than II. of Braganza entered Charles Catharine fully very into his tastes as regarded aquatic excursions, going to shiping to Chatham to inspect the vessels buildlaunches, and down there, and was happier still if permitted to see the fleet did Nore. Charles to the drop down go out of port and little queen not always gratify his poor by making her his his voyages, which sometimes on companion were suddenly and The earl of Arlington privately undertaken by him. of these of one gives the following account impromptu "On this day seven-night' his majesty left expeditions: Windsor, with a pretence only to see the New Forest, and

monarchs,

with

"

'
^

King
This

Maopherson'e Original Papers. James II. 's autograph Journal.

letter is dated

July 20, 1671.

CATHAEINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

307
as soon as

Portsmouth,
arrived,
the

and

the

Isle

of
on

Wight, where,
board
a

he

he

put
on

himself

squadron
to
on

of

ships,

posted there
new

fort is the

purpose there, where

news
we

to

take he
had

him arrived of him.

him

Plymouth, to see Monday night,

If

which
fair

last

the

wind

were

quickly expect again, and by long sea,^where more twenty leagues are pleasing to him than It is a new two by land. exploit for kings, but I hope God will bless him in it,according to those happy constellations
which when
was
"

for

it,we

should

have the

yet appeared
under

for

him."
of

The the

same

minister,
of York Sunderland
to make

fleet

the
in

command

duke

preparing for sea, that his majesty had them weigh anchor as to adding, and I am
"

April, 1672,
down
as

tells lord

gone fast follow

that

evening
for of

they could him by break

was

the

Downs
row." to-mor-

;"

day

The Dutch
no

reason come

of this

haste

the
was

report that the

determined that
prise. sur-

fleet had
of
"

out, and
his

Charles

want

vigilance on
was

part should

cause

second
"

from

the

council in the to

ordered," says Evelyn, May 10th, by letter to repair forthwith to his majesty, whom

I found

pall-mallin
me

St. James's
the

park,
to

where

his
me

esty, majto

coming
go
of

from

company,
and duke under

commanded observe and

so

immediately
the Dutch of
our

to the and

sea-coast,
ours,

the
many

motion of the

fleet

the
now

flower

nation

being
the

sail, coming
'twas

from

Portsmouth

through

Downs,

where

believed

there

A won might be an encounter." by glorious victory was the English fleet, under of York, the command of the duke the Dutch, May 28th, off Southwold over bay. King Charles
went

down meet went to and

on

to

the

Nore,
the

with

all the

great

men on

of his

court,
return.

to

welcome

his victorious
returned wounded

brother

his

He
care

board

and fleet,
seamen.

ordered On

particular
the 17th
of that
moved, re-

be taken
all

of the the

June, when

stains and

of

battle, and
eye
of woman,

everything
had

might
second The
1

shock queen

the

heart

been

Catharine

accompanied
ever

visit to the first Italian

written
;

which fleet, opera

majesty on his for sea.' then refitting was performed in England was
'

his

So

probably, open

sea.

Arlington's Letters.

308

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

the auspices of queen January 5, 1674, under devotion that Catharine of Braganza, whose to style of of foreign musicians, did exclusive music, and patronage increase divine her popularity in this The not country. then considered the perfection compositions of Purcell were in unison of melody, and with national taste were more than the artificial and elaborate has since been style which It permitted to supersede the inspirationsof native talent. learned to relish an English audience was, however, long ere the Italian opera, much less to give it the preference over

produced

the

masks

of

Ben

Jonson
as

and

Milton,

and

the

operas
of

of the
and

Dryden, combining, Greek tragedy with

instrumental
music.

they did, the

enchantment
was

simple sublimity
of to

the It

vocal

poetry

persuade the public in those of incomprehensible days that a combination harmonious sounds, however they might be, was capable of and exciting feelingsof admiration delight like those with which of Arthur, where they listened to the national opera wedded Purcell's to are pelling melodies, comDryden's numbers the stormy British hearts to thrill impulsively when defiance of the of the battle chorus Saxons is answered by the spirit-stirring air of Britons, strike home. of Catharine Braganza, as a foreign princess,could not be expected to share in the awakened enthusiasm which torical was by the histraditions connected with the subject of Arthur, could she neither of English enter fully into the beauties had in it a poetry independent poetry ; but Purcell's music of language, which ear might comprehend, and every every heart appreciate. The of Mrs. considered angelic voice Knight was by
not

easy

Evelyn, and
those
of the

other

of the

cognoscenti of vocalists,and

that

era,

to

excel
was

queen's Italian

her

singing

violinregarded as a greater attraction than the wonderful playing of signor Nicolao at musical meetings, where, also, the lute of Dr. Wallgrave rivalled the harpsichord of signor Francesco. The for Mrs. Knight king's excessive admiration excited Catharine's first introduced jealousy,although she was at court to sing Waller's on complimentary verses her majesty's from Eleven sickness, in 1663. recovery

CATHARINE

OF

BRAGANZA,
THE AND

QUEEN-CONSORT
OF GREAT

OF

CHARLES
BRITAIN

SECOND,
IRELAND.

KING

CHAPTEE

III.

Queen

presides
visit
of
" "

at

the

marriage

festivities of the

of

the

prineess Mary
queen Catharine accusations enemies
"

"

Receives
"

her

farewell malice

Estrangement

king

from
"

Persevering against
the gerous danlast
"

Shaftesbury
of The the
to

against
her servants letter

Catharine
Malice
"

Oates's of her of

queen

Execution illness
"

The
"

king's

queen's queen's
Insolence
"

to
"

the

duke

Ormonde

Shaftesbury's king
"

effort His

to

effect

divorce of

Queen
the
"

accompanies
of Portsmouth

the

to

Oxford

kindness

her
"

duchess

Queen's
"

niary pecuHer Death

difficulties

Eyehouse
illness of

plot
the
court

Queen
"

intercedes

for

Monmouth
on

birthday
of house Charles
"

f"te

"

Last
"

king
as

Queen's

attendance Ketires
"

him
to

"

II.

Catharine's

queen-dowager
"

Somerset Wales
"

Her his
"

suit

against
"

lord

Clarendon
of 1688

Birth
"

of of

the

prince

of

Catharine
chamberlain and
to

sponsor She

Kevolution

Arrest of

queen
"

Catharine's

lord

is visited of
"

by

the II.
"

prince
Catharine
the

Orange

Recognizes
Her
"

William

Mary Portugal
of

"

Hostility
"

Mary
Visited

quits England
of Her

journey
queen"

Reception
"

by

king
"

Spain

"

Constituted administration

regent
Her

Portugal
"

Her
"

brilliant
Burial.

successes

popular

death

Obsequies
of
more

The

arrival caused
autumn

the

king's
than

nephew,

William
in

prince
the

of

Orange,
in

ordinary
Queen
with the

festivities
was

court

the

of
of the

1677.

Catharine

present

at

the

marriage
of
on

that
duke

prince
of
of

princess
was

Mary^
celebrated

eldest
at

daughter
Whitehall
was

York,

which The

the year

4th
on

November.

queen's
of

birthday
of that

kept

that

the

15th,^ instead
of

the

25th

month,
was
on

because

the for the

departure
21st.
on

the

newly-wedded
ball
was

pair given
anniver-

appointed
that

A
account

very of

splendid
her

occasion,
15th was,

both

majesty's
in

The which

according
had

to

the

new

style, the
before f^te.

25th her

Portugal,
to

and

the

day
St.

on

Catharine

been
and

accustomed her
own

marriage

celebrate

Catharine's

anniversary

310

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

311

sary
of and

commemoration, and in honor of the recent nuptials the royal cousins. They both danced, but the ill-humor dent ungracious deportment of the bridegroom, and the evidistress of the youthful bride,cast an unwonted gloom
the entertainment. almost the from Catharine
the

over

who
of

had her

known

the
garded re-

princess Mary
her
for of

day
of
an

birth, and
to take

with

affection she
came

aunt, felt great

in tears

passion com-

her when
to

bathed

leave The
mind
try coun"

her, previously
her
own

her

embarkation recalled
a

for
to the
to

Holland.

sight of
her
and such
was

grief feelingson
the
a

doubtless

queen's
her
own

bidding
she

long

adieu

friends, and
lot of
similar

reminded
; and

the

weeping
she
to

bride

that
perienced ex-

royalty
trial when
to every

that
came

had

herself

she
one,

England,
even seen

where
the

she

was

stranger
husband."

and

had

not

like her Mary, who thought no sorrow into came petulantly replied, But, madame, sorrow, you of BraEngland, and I am leaving England." ^ Catharine little reason had had to rejoice in the destiny that ganza
"

king

her

conducted with

the

had country, for never any Anne of of been treated Cleves, exception to

her

this

queen,
more

both injuriously,
case

was,

at this had

by the sovereign than period, worse

for the last
; so

and

his

ministers.
ever

Her

it had

been

before,

for the himself

in

king
from

five that

years

her
had

company
ceased

wholly withdrawn they rarely met except

the
same

public,and
cause

to

occupy

apartment.

doubtless be traced separation may of the king for the duchess of to the increasing infatuation and the machinations of Portsmouth, Shaftesbury, who, sanction Charles's to obtain although he had been unable for a parliamentary divorce, was mination pertinacious in his deterof the He had injured to effect the ruin queen. her in peaceful Catharine to remain too deeply to allow the few priviof queen-consort and leges possession of the name
of this virtual

The

she still
more

retained.
active

His

hatred

of

the

duke

of

York

was

principle,and
to the

his desire
crown

of

depriving
him

that

prince
'

of

the

succession

urged
the inedited

into

inces-

Dr. in

Lake's hia

Esq.,

private Journal, quoted from of Charles Diary of the Times

MS., by R. Blencowe,

II.

312

CATHAEINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

Bant of

attempts either
the

to the

dissolve childless
for

or

king
on

with

Charles's which

parental
many
acts

fondness

marriage Catharine. Belying on his illegitimateoffspring,

invalidate
him had say into the he

the

occasions of
"

he folly, If

betrayed one day

would
duke

the

most to

consisten in-

audacity
had

tell

his

majesty, that
to

he

but
of

been
he

ried mar-

the

mother should all the

of the
swear

Monmouth,
last

would

find those
of

that

it." '

The

lingering spark

at pride of Charles's nature, revolted of so the husband the idea, not only of being considered self abandoned as Lucy "Walters, but of avowing hima woman nesses an unprincipled bigamist, nay, suborning false witfor such him as by a series of perjuries, to establish of his rightfulplace of depriving his brother the purpose marriage with in the regal succession, invalidating his own

honor, and

"

his

lawful
"

wife,
I would

and

people.
than the

entertain

such

surreptitious heir on his rather James see hanged up at Tyburn his indignant reply to a thought," was imposing
a

insulting proposal." The king took the earliest opportunity

his

of

ridding
power

himself
to

of

subtle

tempter, but
evil.

it

was
own

not

in his
were

fight
and

manfully against
of
course

His
who

paths
once

crooked,
in

those
the most

persons

had
of

been

his councils

became

dangerous
of
his

his enemies.
of

Shaftesbury,
party, bore
the

who,

on

account

frequent changes
'

nickname

of

"

by
cabinet
man were

his
the

lord Shiftsbury" my the from loss of oflSce, master-fiend of

and honor and of the

was

speedily

formed, transof

master-fiend

the

into

alike

devoid

a opposition. He was religion; his ruling passions

ambition

revenge.
'the

Little

doubt

now

exists

that

the

bugbear
queen and ten

called
the

emissaries,* for
the

purpose
duke to

Popish plot' was got up by of effectingthe destruction

York,
the
he

his of

the years
II.
*'

of
annul

having vainly
of the

labored
and

for
1 2
'

nearly
Journal Ibid.
of

marriage
his

one,

James
the
name

Macphorson.
James,"
of the

Lingard.
son

By

king designated
Men. he contrived the

Monmouth.

Aubrey's
"

Lives

and I have

Letters
seen

Celebrated
me
*'

Some

papers
sir

convince

it," says
he

that made

profound
use

documentarian,
informers
ran

John
their

Dalrymple,
instructions."

though
"

persons
of Great

of

as

beyond

Memoirs

Britain,

vol. i. p. 43.

CATHAEINE

OF

BEAQANZA.

313

to

rob

the

other
of

of

The occupy

details
a

this
and

foMo,
the

rightful place in the succession. complicated tissue of iniquity would The famy incan only be brieflysketched.
of
came

his

of

characters who

Titus

Gates, Bedloe, and,

in

in of

fact,
formers in-

of

every

person
and

forward
swear

the

shape

witnesses

to

number every
in the

of

innocent
of

victims,
and integrity, and

the lives of a great away has been acknowledged by stands of forth

so

historian

palpably
lords, that
connected

State-Trials
to

Journals
on

the

house than
the

of
as

it is needless with treason On the

dwell

them

further
to fix

the

audacious and murder of

attempts
on

charges
and her

of

high

queen

Catharine

servants.

about to take August, 1678, Charles II. was in the of Kirby walk of the name a a park, when person stepped forward, and begged his majesty not to separate in danger. bis from the life was as Charles, company, notice of this being a stranger to personal fear, took no previous knowledge of warning; he had, however, some in his laboratory, Kirby, who had been employed to work his various II. had a taste for for, among pursuits,Charles a ruined speculator, experimental chemistry.' Kirby was with Gates and of plausible manners, engaged Tong. Titus Gates the and of an was son anabaptist weaver ordained minister a preacher, but, on the Eestoration, was he was of England, from which of the church expelled for of Eome, his He and crimes. tools refuge in the church caused his studied at Yalladolid expulsion ; his misdoings from that college; but, on professions of great penitence,
13th

he
was,

was

admitted

into

the

seminary

of

St.

Gmer,

whence

he

however,
of

one

with finallydriven returned He to England, his old companions. Dr.

Michael, Wood

street, the
who
had

editor
been

periodical. Tong,

duct. disgrace for his bad conand applied for relief to of St. Tong, the rector of a quarterly polemical accustomed to appeal, by

and tales of blood marvellous terror, to the passions many valuable Gates of the vulgar, found a ally,for his powers

of

invention of

were

singular,and
habits, and
1

he many

had

acquired
other

edge knowl-

conventual

teehijicalities

Lingard.

Macphereon.

314
connected with
his
a

CATHARINE

OP

BEAGANZA.

the

Eomish While

church, which
at

reality to

fictions.

St.

Omer,

gave Gates

tone

of covered dis-

had

in held private meeting of the Jesuits was in April : this was the triennial convocation London of the order the aid of Tong he, on this tion, with slightfounda; but built a story of a secret lics, Cathomeeting of the Eoman of at which a conspiracy was organized for the murder the struction king, a second conflagrationof London, and the deof the Protestant religion. Tong, having written and like prepared a narrative setting this forth in a businessform, directed Kirby to accost the king, as related, and refer In his majesty to him for further information. the an tive. audience, and presented his narraevening he obtained Charles regarded it as a fabrication, and being himself ther furits details,to from save mightily bored with

that

trouble

referred
went

the the

matter
next

to

the

lord

treasurer
to

Danby,
his
and court

and

off

day
since

to

Windsor,'
new

hold

for

the

first in the the

time

the

alterations
to and it ness wit-

improvements
the effect

castle, being impatient

of
of

fresco

paintings

of

Verrio

the
was

wood

carvings

Grinling Gibbon,

with

which

decorated.
time under the apprehension of being at that Danby was impeached of high treason, at the appi'oaching meeting of conduct, and parliament, for his ministerial being well that his proceedings would bear the stern not tigation invesaware of the of the leaders to opposition,he was eager divert of the house the attention other to some object of attack.' than Nothing could be more pat to his purpose the to popular bugbear of a popish plot,certain as it was influence of York, of vulgar prejudice against the duke he was whom concealed foe. a Accordingly, with all the selfish cunning of his nature, he made the most of the wild tales with of
a

the

informers,
that

and

insisted the

vehemence
he

excited to

importance laughter of the king;

on

their

but

when Charles

proposed

lay

the
"

matter

before
even

the before

cil, coun-

hastily exclaimed,
of the Plot.

N"o ;

not
Journal
2

my
Lin-

'

North's

Examen

L'Batrange.

of

the

Lords.

gard.

State-Trials.

Ibid.

CATHARINE

OF

BKAGANZA.

315
and the

brother

It

would

put the design of individual, who would

only create murdering

not

alarm,
me

may,
head

perhaps,
of
some

into have

thought of it." ' the matter intend to drop thus : he took Gates did not eries, to his pretended discovto compel public attention means by going to a city magistrate, sir Edmundbury Godfrey, and making a depositionon oath of the particulars the which king had received so coolly,and added a list of the denounced whom he as conspirators. Among persons
otherwise
rest to
was

the

of the person duchess of York.

a

name

of

Coleman,

late

secretary

Coleman's
of what

Edmundbury Godfrey was to give him warning friend, and kindly wrote in agitation against him, a proceeding not was
Sir
"

likelyto very Coleman told

some

incur the

the

ill-will of

the

Eoman

Catholics.

duke, who

and

deep-laid scheme urged the king to

was
now

immediately perceived that in agitation against himself, was to the bottom. investigatethe matter
before
made
were

Gates the

summoned
had

the

council,who
with kill to

repeated
the
not

depositions he
"

before

Godfrey,

tion addi-

that

the

Jesuits
duke

determined
if he

only

the

of York, should ing unwillking, but the prove that they had received from to join the plot ;''and French la Chaise, the of king's confessor, a donation pere De and from tile, CasCorduba, the provincialof New 10,0002., this the promise of a similar to be expended on sum, of York undertaking." * The duke pronounced the whole The be an fabrication. sired to impudent and absurd king de"

Gates with
whom
"

to

describe

the to

person
have

of

don

John

of

Austria,
:

he

pretended

conferred

at Madrid

he

a tall, replied that he was swarthy man." spare, and looked each at other, and smiled, for royal brothers don knew him to John, and were acquainted with with blue eyes."' asked Charles fat, fair man, little,

The both be him

a

next,
"

"

"Where house

he

saw

La

Chaise

pay
to

down the

the

?" 10,000Z.

In

the

of

the

Jesuits, close
intimate

Louvre," replied
of the
"

Gates, forgetting the

with the localities
^ 2

acquaintance
and its

monarch !"
ex-

of

Paris
Brief

palaces.
^

Man

L'Estrange's
Memoirs

History.
II.

Echard.

Lingard.
Ibid.

of James

316 claimed of the

Gates his
own

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

the

king,
'

"

the

Jesuits

have

no

house

within

mile

Louvre."
had credit
now

committed
in

himself of
been

of

Coleman,

any who

court had

to destroy sufficiently but the guilty pracjustice, tices for

years

secret

brought to light by pensioner of France, were Coleman was the investigationof his papers. actually and letter was whom La a in correspondence with Chaise, from him with to furnish 20,000Z., found, offering for his master for the service of to be employed by him and his friends
France Coleman been for
and
was

spy and his arrest

the

interests

of

the

Eoman wages
of

church.^ of

While had York

the
ressed ca-

thus

receiving
the letters

the

France, he
duchess
of

discharged from writing seditious

and
the

service

the

and

newspapers,
he him
was
as

Jesuits

French, for

all which

attacking highly
one

considered by the whigs, who party.' He appears to have been one whom of
was

of

their

of

those who

there

were

too

many

at that to

time,
all for

of persons, made trade a iu turn. He

on

agitation,and
3d of the

sold

himself executed

parties

tried,convicted,

and

his misdemeanors
mean

the

December

Danby
to

persuaded
to

the

following. In the indolent Sardanapalus,

and recreate and

time,
master,
the
tumnal au-

his

go

Newmarket,
Charles

himself

with

sports.

Bdmundbury
had made his
was

his

body

during his absence, sir Gates Godfrey, the magistrate before whom left his house one depositions, morning, and found, after five days, in a dry ditch on
went,
with his this
own

Primrose
of

transfixed hill,

sword.

The
was

duke after here-

York, little foreseeing that

to form the

circumstance most

foundation the
to

of

absurd

accusation

against himself, gives

occurrence, in
on
a

following
bis the

brief

outline

of

the

letter

son-in-law, the
"

prince

of

Orange,
"There

the

subject of

plot :
which

is another

thing happened;
was

Is, that

justice of peace,
several

one

air

Edmandbury
very

Godfrey,

missing
to

some

days, suspected by making

himself away.

stances, circumhis

probable ones,

design

the

Yesterday

'
'

Lingard.
MS. Memorandums

'

Commons' of lord

Journal.

State-Trials.

keeper North.

318

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

gained his point : his impeachment was he had substituted averted by the astute policy with which marvellous affair for the discussion of parliaand this new ment. seized with Gates It was sent on was for, avidity. listened to, and things possible his impudent falsehoods were and as impossible received gospel. The hired tools of the there hand, were rejoicingin the king of France, on the one which destruction they were paid for fomenting ; and the of the creatures prince of Orange, on the other, working the exclusion of the duke of York, by means of to effect the no now so popery' cry, that was successfullyringing end from of England to the other.' fancied one Danby now he should weather the that that out by crying storm, and he should of the church out against popery ; pass for a pillar but who his Let found out soon drift,said, Shaftesbury, the treasurer and cry as loud as he pleases against popery, think the head of the at to put himself plot,I will cry a take his place." note soon louder, and Shaftesbury had hitherto but not seen, in the business, his proceedbeen felt, ings of the those that lurks perdue in resembling spider dark chink of the wall which she has stealthily some over Dauby
so

far

had

'

"

'

woven

her
can

web,
on
a

and her

never

permits
Before

herself the

to

be

visible

till

she
a

dart he

prey.

week,

got

committee

of the

himself plot,and made Gates then rewarded was everything was managed. 1200Z. a year for his information, and a pension of
to influence queen
was

parliament had sat appointed for the investigation the directing power by which
with
aged encour-

denounce

every

Catholic oppose
as

peer
his

whose

abilities

or

would the

be
duke

likelyto
of

and in

York,
these

concerned

designs against the in the plot. It

that seats

consequence peers
were

of

denunciations
of their

all Eoman
in

Catholic

deprived
saw

ment. parliafarce,

The
now

first week
fast

in November
to
a

new

actor

in the

and of

progressing bloody character.

the
name

tragedy

of

the
and

most

extensive

An

oft-convicted

of

Bedloe, newly
idea of

punished felon, discharged from Newgate,

reward
2

tempted
'

by

the

obtainingthe

of
of

500Z.
James

offered
II.

D'Avaux's

Despatches.

Journal

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

319

by

the

royal proclamation
of sir

for

the

discovery of the
"

derers mur-

that the murder Godfrey, swore Bdmundbury erset at Somcommitted was by the queen's popish servants stifled between house two pillows by the ; that he was and Le Fevre,with the aid of lord Belasyse's Jesuits Walsh in the queen's chapel." of the waiters gentleman, and one the body there, lying on the queen's He added, that he saw
"

back two last

stairs

that

thousand
it
was

lay there two days, and guineas to assist in removing

it at nine

he

was

offered that
at

it ; and

removed,

o'clock

on

the

Monday
he

night,
he

of the by some deposed, "that offered 40001. into in the he had to the

queen's people." in the beginning

commit
court at the
a

Four of

days afterwards
had
was

October
; that

been
veigled in-

murder

Godfrey
about

Somerset
murder

house
was

five o'clock

afternoon,when
at

committed," not, as
with The

first sworn,
him with
a

him by stifling

strangling
at

linen

cravat.

pillows,but by king was nant indigwere

these

impudent

statements,
then

which

aimed

she was as against the queen's life, house was ; but, luckily,he
innocence and that

residing at
a

set Somerof her

her

himself

witness

of the

falsehood
was

of the
her
at

he as tale, the very

was

visited

majesty by
and
the

day, and
that have

with

hour

named

perjurer as
must of at every

when been

which

perpetrated, instantlydiscovered, because a

drawn

the

murder

company

foot-guards
door.'

were

out,

and

sentinels

placed

to the pointed out the room where he pretended the corpse duke of Monmouth of the murdered man was carried,and that he saw standing round four it the murderers, and Atkins, clerk to Mr. Pepys, of but this was, as it happened, the waitingthe Admiralty ;
'

Bedloe

1 '

Burnet.

Maopherson.
of Atkins
was a

Lingard.
followed
to

James

II. 's Journal.

The

arrest

by that of his principal in the

this
a

Navyof

the worthy office,

under

Pepys,
marked duke

man

whom
was
an

country

was,

and of

is at this day, the church

important
but
was

obligations.
out

He for

zealous

member the

England, royal
taken borne
one

early victim, in
affection

hope
was

of involving his known.

was

master for

the

of York,

whose had made

for him

well

tunately For-

Pepys, his butler,who

on

been

suborned
of

against him,
the than
in anger,

suddenly
he had

and ill,

his

death-bed
master ;

confession
more

false witness

against
"

his

good
from

who,

in he

sorrow
was

in observes,
on

of his

letters To my

the Tower,
must I

where
some

long imprisoned

this false
with

charge,

grief

charge

eminent

pretending Protestants

320

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGAKZA.

appropriated to the use of the queen's footmen, who all her majesty's there in waiting all the day long,and were Yet even meals were brought through by no other way. did not convince the public self-evident contradictions these of the and wickedness of the falsehood impostor. Grave vading listened with apparent credulity to tales of inlegislators friars coming from armies of pilgrims and over of armies of even throats, and Spain to cut all Protestant Papists under ground, all ready to break forth at the proper
room

moment,

and

kill every

one

who

would

not

conform

to

their

dogmas.
It
was now was

evident
to be made

that

the

death

of

sir

Godfrey
attack
was

charged upon the her on priests and

celebrated
"

queen,

Bdmundbury though the first

Her than
more

servants.
more

day birth-

was,

however,
year.
"

with
saw

ordinary
brave,"

splendor this Evelyn, says

consternation.'' who
were

never

the
more

court

nor

the
The

nation

in

jails were
the
A

crowded of

apprehension and with prisoners,

Oates,
fresh
as plices accom-

arrested, on
the
the

information

in

plots.
people
for

feverish

excitement of

pervaded
fed

all

ranks
and

of their and

in the the

expectation
marvellous in the
was

discoveries,

thirst

duly

by

phlets pamto The

announcements

newspapers,
the national

calculated mania.

increase

the

delusion
of

and

inflame
were

supporters
the

Oates, who
held

chieflyto
for Fleet

be

found
on

among
their

republican party, designs at the King's Head, They also had their dark
"

councils
in

carrying
other

street, and
and
news

cabals invented

associations and

places. in city

and with

country, where
that
success,

they
that
in

twenty-four
what them
over

hours

libels ; and they could

entirely possess
and At in less than this of

the
a

city with week spread

reports they pleased,

the

kingdom."
queen,
the
same

'

duke

when the lives of the perilous crisis, all their York, and servants, hung on
which the them
Christians

the

fragile thread
arose

next
on

breath the

between unbecoming

might sever, a following grounds.

of them

ness coolThe

dealings
'

as

as

the

worst

with

which

we

reproach

Papists."
MS.
memorandums of lord

keeper

North.

CATHARINE

OF

BEAQANZA.

321
ing banishthose be

king

had

been

compelled
which
it

to issue
was

proclamation for
in

on priests,

moved

council of York

that

attached

to

the

household

of the

duchess

might

This excepted, as well as those belonging to the queen. such an was ception, exnegatived, it being too dangerous to make but it was suggested that the duchess's ecclesiastics might be added to her majesty's list. Catharine, who knew she had than at at all safe more was priestsof her own that juncture, refused this subterfuge,although to sanction both the king and duke to the requested her to consent

arrangement.'

The

duke

and

duchess

were

offended

at her

far greater friendship non-compliance, but she acted with in evading the mandate in refusing to aid them published in the king's proclamation, than if she had obliged them by would both doubtless have involved a compliance, which imminent in the most herself and the duchess rounded danger. SurCatharine hounds, at this time as was by spies and bloodone

false

or

even

doubtfiil the

step would
and

have

thrown

her

into

their

but toils,
were

truthfulness
defence

simplicityof

against their malice. She had no guilt to conceal, and, by walking in the broad all cause of suspicion; so that, light of day, she avoided when she was charged with practising against the life of her in her favor witness in a royal husband, there was
the heart

her

character

her

best

of

every

one

who

knew

her

that

attested

her

innocence.
"

Oates the

grew
queen

so

presumptuous,"
a

of

design
virtuous

Evelyn, as to says to poison the king, which

"

cuse actainly cer-

that

pious
He

and

lady
made

abhorred
it

of, and
my would

Oates's

circumstances

probably thought to have been glad his majesty should fruitful lady ; however, the too king was make let any of these to impression on
when

opinion.

thoughts utterly unlikely,in who gratify some

have
kind
a

the

married

husband

he

made

this

probably
was

unconscious

verified

by
sent

the
one

of

October,

Evelyn, in his private diary, was observation in which of the manner his opinion following fact. Dr. Tong, on the 23d of his confederates, Mrs. Elliot,the
King
James's Journal.

him."

'

322
wife
to

CATHAKINE

OF

BKAGANZA.

of

a a

solicit wished

gambling gentleman of the for Gates, private audience

to

king's bedchamber, the grounds that on

"

he tion

communicate
queen, this

some

important
to

secret

informal

against the Perceiving that

with
tokens
to

tending
intimation and

implicate her
received

in the

was

by

the

plot.'' king

of tell

impatience
him
to
"

boldness
have

that

she

displeasure, she had the thought his majesty would

with the
queen
on

been
'
"

glad
I
was

have
never

parted
suffer
an

any
be

terms."

will

innocent

lady

to

pressed," op-

sary indignant reply to the base emisband, husas a of those who, presuming on his ill-conduct with had dared to insult him a proposal of assisting
'

Charles's

conspiracy against the life of his ill-treated consort. her ecclesiasti Catharine's numerous unpopular religion, and Somerset eal establishment, her chapels at St. James's all the preferments in her endeavors to reserve house, and for persons of her own her own household faith,had always been on displeasing to the people, and therefore any attack her to their fury at a her, it was supposed, would expose when their cited moment passions and prejudices had been exfictions to a degree of blind ferocityby the marvellous duke of York's tunate unforof the originatorsof the plot. The attributed to the change of creed was by somesuasions perin
a

of

the In

queen,

and

this

idea

excited

much

ill-will
as one

against
of her

her.

Portugal
in the

it is to this

day
of

blazoned that

good
different

deeds

chronicles

country,'

in

lights do national feelings and the strong teach to look by education prejudices inculcated persons the same had, however, nothing to thing. Catharine upon fluence the matter do with never : she possessed the slightest insuch
over

his of

mind, neither
of
creed.

does

it

any

increase
of

friendship between
She

appear her and

would

that
him not

there in

was

quence conse-

his
at

change
she

relinquish

her
of

chapel
Modena,
a

St. Jaines's

and

which

mistaken

and

duchess, Mary palace to his young attentions the passionately resented the duke to unworthy policy induced

King
Life

James's of James

Journal.

* '

II., by Stanier Portuguesa.

Clarli.

Lingard.

Journals

of

the

Lords,

Hist.

Casa

Real

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

323 duchess
on

allow

his innocent Tet the the

consort

to

pay
was

to

the

of

mouth. Portsthat

faction

that

bent treated

excluding
queen and to
as

prince
want

from

regal
were

succession
a

the

if her

of

children

crime

on

her

part,

had
secure

been
the

actually contrived
throne
The to the

between of York

her
and

and

Clarendon,
had

duke
manner

secluded
from the

in which in her

his progeny. Catharine

been

living

dower-palace at Somerset house, the duchess while of Portsmouth hall, was queening it at Whiteand her tion, condiapparently neglected and defenceless had her out as encouraged Oates and Bedloe to mark would be an victim, on the supposition that Charles easy glad of an opportunity of playing Henry VIII., and would of that malice give her up to the vengeance party, whose their tool in political she had excited by refusing to become agitation. Oates deposed on oath, before the king and the a council, that, "In letter,in preceding July he saw which it was afl"rmed the queen's by sir George Wakeman, Catholic physician, that her majesty had been brought to the murder of the quently, to king ; that subsegive her assent sir Eobert, of Somerset sir Eichard, or one house, retary, Bellings,the queen's secevidently pointing at sir Eichard from her majesty for certain with a came message her ; with Jesuits to attend whom, one day in August, he
apart
went to Somerset than to

king

house,"
be made

for
an
"

no

other

purpose,

as

it should
of their

appear,

unnecessary

witness into the

as

high
these order

and

horrible
him

designs.
in the

They

went

her door

majesty's
of which

closet,leaving
clever to

antechamber,"
so

plotterswere
him to

obliging
the and
'

to

leave

ajar,in
"

enable

hear

discourse

which, he
He

passed
heard
a

between
voice

them

the

queen.
no

said,
suffer

pretended, He

female
my

exclaim,
I
am

I will

to indignities

bed.

content

to

such longer join in procuring and faith,' in

his that the he

'

death
'

and would
"

the

she

propagation of assist sir George

that
"

the

Catholic

Wakeman
the

poisoning
came

He added, king.' requested to see the

Lords' Journals. North's

When
and
of

Jesuits
as

out,

queen,
Examen

had,
Plot.

he

believed,a
James II.'s

the

Lingard.

Autobiography,

eto., etc.

324

CATHAKINE

OP

BRAGANZA.

gracious
he

smile
the the
same

of

her

majesty

; and

while
'

he

was

within he had
it

heard

received
was

ask father Harcourt queen last 10,000Z.?' and, as far voice

whether could
he
was

as

he

judge,
but

the

which
saw

he
no

had

heard
woman

when

in the

anteroom,

and

he

other
that

there

the

queen." '
was

Charles, who
on

knew
his

false, insisted
where he this
discourse with

tittle of this tale every and chamber, antedescribing the room

he had overheard the

pretended
with
the

queen
not

hold

priests. Oates,
of the

who

was

acquainted
Somerset

private apartments of one house, merely described

Those
who knew the relative
were

the

her

majesty in public reception-rooms.

of
it

situation
aware

the
was

queen's closet

and

privy-chamber

that

had heard anything the queen impossible for him to have the utmost of spoken there, unless she had exerted power audible her lungs to make her treasons to the whole palace, for Burnet's elegant phraseology, had strained or, to use
"

it ; for the
a

queen,"
her
"

says

he,
a

"

was

low-voiced

woman,"

"

point
The

in
as

favor

; also

speare,

an

excellent

himself confirm

king by
the

considered this
local

by Shakquality commended thing in woman." that had Oates entirely committed

but
"

blunder;
between
of lord

then
that queen

came

Bedloe
too

to

slander, by swearing
a

he

had two

been French

witness

of

conference

the

and

priests, in

and Belasyse, Coleman, some Jesuits, in the gallery of her chapel at Somerset He was informed house, while he stood below. by Coleman, that the of at this conference project murdering the king first propounded that was to the queen at the first ; and of it she burst mention that into tears, but her objections had been overcome Jesuits, by the arguments of the French and she had He was reluctantly signifiedher consent." " such asked, Why he had not disclosed a perilous matter

the

presence

'

in

conjunction
of
"

murder

sir that

repUed,
^

previous information, touching the he coolly Edmundbury Godfrey?" to which it had He escaped his memory." pretended
North's Ezamen
of the

with

his

Lords'

Journals.

Plot.

Lingard.

James

II. 's

Autobiography, etc., etc.

"

Lords'

Journals.

326
first sent established for
a

CATHAEINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

sisterhood
that

of

nuns

from
was

Munich,

whom
to

she be
of
a

in

house, which
the

supposed
young
not

boarding-school
Eoman
the but
vows, Catholic

for

education

of
did any

ladies
venture to

the

persuasion.
dress
themselves and

They
a

wear

conventual
contented and

veil,or
with

distinctive observance

costume,
of their

strict

in some They were alarm peril and considerable during the persecution caused and Bedloe, but escaped by the perjuries of Titus Gates If the attack. had been suspected of founding a queen in England, there is no convent extent telling to what popular prejudice would have been excited against her and her protegees. They were the first nuns who settled in England

the

rules

of

their

order.

after Catharine's count taken

the

accession

of

queen at

Elizabeth.
this
was

principal adviser
a

Castelmelhor,

noble

alarming crisis Portuguese exile, who

had

refuge in England, after incurring the ill-will of the reigning sovereign of Portugal, don Pedro, by his fidelity to his old don His Alphonso. master, prudent counsels time of her the at were so salutary to the queen great substantial such danger, that she bestowed proofs of her tunes forgratitude on him as enabled him to retrieve his ruined of by the purchase of a new estate, to which, out of Santa Catarina.' compliment to her, he gave the name She sent an to her royal brother, don Pedro, telling express him of the predicament in which she stood, and entreating his protection, in case of her life being put in jeopardy. Catharine at that time anticipated nothing less than that the parliament would bring her to the block, like Charles
I.,and
but it this fear
is not she

expressed
to have

in her

letters himself

to the in her

king

her

brother, who
was

said

exerted he

behalf;

marquez and and with

special envoy, the de Arrouehes, to assure her of his brotherly affection support under any troubles that might befall her, instructions to interpose for her protection if required.'
sent
a

till 1680

that

Her
earnest. On

persecutors
the
28th her of

showed

themselves Bedloe

more

in

November,

delivered
the
2

his
of

depositions against
'

majesty, in writing, to

house
Ibid.

Hist.

Caaa

Real

Portuguesa.

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

327

commons

; then

Oatea
"

advanced

to

the
accuse

bar, and, raising his Catharine,

queen

voice, exclaimed,
of

I, Titus

Gates,
"

;" or rather, according to his high treason of pronouncing the words, way Aye, Taitus Oates, accause The Caatharine, quean of England, of haigh traison."^ members in the not ment, secret were paralyzed with astonishand remained whose speechless; while those under encouragement
took the
the
meaner

England,

of

villain consternation
removal and
some

played
to vote of the

so an

bold

part,
to

advantage

of their

address and that

king
be
to

for the
from

immediate

queen

her she peers the

household should refused

commons

Whitehall,
committed in

proposed
Tower.
resolution

forthwith
concur

to

the

The

the

unconstitutional
queen
as
a

of

to found

treat
more

their

convicted

till traitress,

they
and

conclusive

evidence

of
as

her Oates

guilt
and
a

than

the

incredible

depositions of
themselves

such
with
to

men

Bedloe,
to for

contented

appointing
state

committee

investigatethe
the with two of

charges, and precipitatevote of

this

their

reasons

posing op-

the

commons.

Shaftesbury,
common

his creatures, in defiance

of

decency,
mode

against equitable and treating the question.'"

From the
servants moment
as

protested

prudent
had

of

that the

Bedloe

denounced

the

queen's
and

murderers

of sir

Edmundbury

frey, God-

house majesty's palace of Somerset the scene of the as tragedy, the king had perceived there a was conspiracy in agitation against her, a conspiracy He could but renot member proceeding from no ordinary cabal. the pertinacity of Shaftesbury in urging the divorce named

her

"

question,

even

against
conscience

his

express
and
as

declaration
every fresh

that coil

"

it in

was

against
volume

his of

;"

this
"

believe
not

iniquity unfolded, he they think I have a mind

an

significantly repeated,
for to
a new

wife, but
In

I will the

suffer

innocent

woman

be

wronged."
affectation

Sir Walter

Scott

lias noted ; but

this drawling

intonation
has

as

an

peculiar
it

to

this false witness the

lord
of

keeper
one

North

proved
the

that treble

the wretch

from

original affectation
Journals.

of his

suborners,

aped Sunderrenegade land.

Lords'

328
commencement to

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

of the

business,

he

made

the the

queen
most

return

Whitehall, and, by treating her

of attention
as

with

decided

marks

and

respect, demonstrated
"

his intention

of

acting
"

her

protector.
his

The

king

told

me,"
towards

says

net, Bur-

that, considering

great

faultiness

her, he
"
"

be a horrid her." If thought it would thing to abandon the king had given way in the least,"observes the historian of the had ill used, for been very Catharine plot,' queen the his weakness in regard to on plotters had reckoned and him heir flattered with hopes of having an women, his dominions." Charles culations to inherit disappointed these calnies by the indignation with which he met their calumHe Oates into confinement, ordered against his wife. and him, to prevent his receiving placed a guard about
"

fresh

lessons

from

abler him him

villains
to

than

himself;
this

but

their
straint, re-

clamors

compelled
and restore

withdraw his former Five

Tower the every executions
same

wholesome

to

of

disturbing the public peace.

lords
were

of
on

sent

to

the of and

liberty and power the principal Catholic his impeachment.

denomination
witnessed
were

Thirty
driven

thousand
out

persons

of at

London,

day

fresh

rests, ar-

and

length
were

fresh

of

innocent

persons, all law

whose
and queen
storm

remorselessly sacrificed justice,merely to serve as preludes

and

lives

against
to the

fall of

the this

the been
"

duke

of

York,
up.

for
"

whose I

especialruin
sir

had

conjured
that

dined," says
Dr.

John

Gunning, bishop of at table," famous Dr. Oates was no high very of the excellence of the This flushed proof bishop. man, with the thoughts of running down the duke of York, expressed himself duke and of the the royal family in terms that bespoke him a fool or something worse, tent and, not conman,
"

Eeresby, Ely. The

with

excellent

"

with

that, he

must In

rail

at

the
did

queen-mother
he

and
and
a

her
not
a

present majesty.
soul
to

this strain

hurry
be made the

on,

dared

oppose

him, lest he
unable
to task
some

should
with

out

party
of the

the

plot ; but,
I took
him with
'

to to

bear

insolence that he
told

man,

such

purpose
The
of

flung out
me
'

of

the

room

heat.
North's Examen

bishop
the

that

Koger

Plot.

CATHARINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

329

such

was

the

general
"

drift of
for

his

and discourse,

that

he had
to

sometimes
no

checked
^

him

the

indecency of

his

talk,but

purpose.'

Religiouszealots, with
passions, always in give implicit credit
That the
a

to

credulity of thoroughly imposed on,

that
men

imaginations and polemic of excitement, might possibly state the depositions of Gates and Bedloe. the simple unreflecting classes was
is certain
; but

heated

who

can

suppose

sound strong intellect, judgment, and habitual caution, like lord William Russell, and the other leaders of

of

the

exclusion

faction, could
?

for

one

moment

believe

such

palpable absurdities but they made use against the queen

hallooed with
of for of
as

They
them
the
on

of
and

the

bloodhound

all the

strength
persons
which have

of

their
the left

they did not ; as powerful political weapons and duke, they remorselessly his prey. They assisted him party in hunting a succession
not,
voted stain him
on

could

and

innocent
crimes their

to

and scaffold,
an

rewards

indelible

the

annals

country.

Several and

of these

Algernon
'
''

Sidney"
p. 111.

such pretended patriots, had the bribes of Hampden,

Eeresby's Memoirs, Algernon

that
was

Sydney paid
to

actually sold
the worthless

himself

to

France who and

for 500 received

guineas, half
1000

the

sum

Buckingham,
colonel

guineas.
each le dit de

Harbord,
received

Hampden,
500

Littleton, Baber,
from

Titus,

Algernon
"

Sydney,

guineas
1000

the
14

French

ambassador, 1679, j'ai

dix

Barillon. donng savoir

Depuis
^ M.
a

jour,
500

22

Decembre,
font

jusque
5432.

Decembre,

le due de

Bouquinham
par
M. in

guinees, qui font 1087Z.

ambassadeur du

schelings sterling;
"

M.

Sidney

gninfies,qui
de

quinze schelings sterling."

Koi
en

Etat

de

I'Argent employfi
le 22 of says

Barillon,
in letter

Angleterre, depuis
him from the

Decembre, Algernon
He is He he
a

1680,

Dalrymple's Appendix, copied by

a

dep"t

State-Papers.
of

Barillon, Sidney
man
"

to

Louis

XIV.,
been

dated

December
use

14, 1679,
on

Mr.

Sidney
in the

has

of great

to

me

many enemy lord and

occasions.
to the

who for

was some

first wars,

has

time

been
to
a me

and is naturally an who suspected of being gained by

court. ; but

Sunderland
not
to

always appeared
maxims. intimate He has

to have

the
of

same

sentiments,
the

have

changed

great
who
one.
are

deal

with
for

those

elected

the

present
He

independents, and is also among the in parliament. He most to court was opposite I gave him majesty me only what permitted your
had
more

credit

(500 guineas).
were

would

willingly have
be
easy your to engage

; and

if

new

gratification
he is very

given him,
and

it would to what

him
may
a

entirely. desire, and

However,
is not

favorably disposed England

"would be very

majesty
should make

willing that
a man

the States-General

league.
should be

I believe

he is

who

useful,if the afiairs of England

brought to extremities."

330
France
very of
or

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

of

Holland

in their

pockets
Louis

at

this

very
and

time, for
William
the

both deeply implicated were Orange in this iniquity,as the

XIV.

documents

of

times

will prove. foiled the attempt to brand the king had with treason by raising the shield of his prerogative queen refused to before her, and had compromise her dignity as his consort by permitting any investigationof her conduct to take persevered in his attempts to fix the place, Bedloe He of sir Edmundbury murder Godfrey on her servants.

Although

the

now

pointed
to

out

Miles

Prance,
of the
to

silversmith, who
to her murderers. terrified

was

ployed em-

clean

the

plate belonging
as one

majesty's chapel
This
and

in Somerset
creature
was

house,

wretched

hurried
was

Newgate,
on

till he alternately, the charge confess

three of

induced,

and

give

up

the

inferior

domestics
in

protested
condemned
to

their
to

innocence death. before

promise of his accomplices. He named in her majesty's service,who vain : they were tried, and
with
remorse, he

cajoled pardon, to

Struck
the

demanded

king and council, and, throwing himself his accused on knees, he protested that he had ' for he knew them He nothing of the murder." falsely, hurried back to Newgate, chained to the floor of the was condemned driven to cell,and partial madness by terror and the told him stantly conpractices of his keeper Boyce, who he Bedloe's that, unless evidence, he agreed with last got him should be hanged ;" and at to confess a spiracy conbe

brought

"

"

for many
other

the

assassination

of

Lord

Shaftesbury, and
disowned,
but

witness finallybecame against all those The unfortunate accused Hill, Green, and by Gates. men, all exea was Protestant, were cuted, Berry, the last of whom The horror of the queen protesting their innocence. of her at the be imagined ; treatment servants may poor of York that the parliabut, though assured by the duke ment

he things, which a thorough-going

afterwards

intended

her

and

himself

for
and

the
was

next

victims, she
that the she which

preserved

courageous
her

calmness,
of

satisfied with

king

believed
1

incapable
Journals
of

the

crimes
State-Trials.

Maopherson.

Lords.

Lingard.

CATHARINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

331
her
to

was

charged.
the

Charles of

would his had

not

suffer
and

be
her

driven with

from

sanctuary
than in

palace,
done his

treated

greater kindness

he

probably
who

compliance
to

with

for many It was years. desire that Catharine, on

out

being permitted
should be

choose

nine
from

ladies

of

her

household

taking the test enforced on all the of the rest, after causing eight of those who were Eoman church the to be chosen of duchess by lot,named Portsmouth the as ninth, without subjecting her to the of chance this to being excluded, although her dislike had duchess been woman was deservedly great. The pointed apof the ladies of her with as one an bedchamber, her sernot to intrude implied understanding that she was vices the on queen.^ One day, however, she insisted on herself so waiting on her majesty at dinner, and conducted was impertinently that the queen greatly discomposed, and unable her Her burst into tears. to control at last, feelings,
exempted
audacious
of her

rival,with

the

insolence
some

common

among

persons

calling,uttered
and

audible

her laughed behind reproof from the king. the which painful apprehensions with Among many Catharine assailed was during the inauspicious year of renewed the 1679, was attempt to dispute the lawfulness of her marriage, by Shaftesbury's old project of establishing the legitimate the pretence that the duke of Monmouth was of the duke of the health son was publicly king. The drunk several times by the title of prince of "Wales ; and it could be brought forward was reported that four witnesses The the to prove Lucy Walters. king's marriage with

tempt, ejaculation of confan, which provoked a

king, to satisfythe together for the

1

queen

and of

his

brother, called

the

cil coun-

purpose

contradicting this,and
at
at

made

The
and

duchess
his
one

of Portsmouth,

though
terrified

first threatened

by

the

supporters

of

Oates

plot,and
of

greatly
the

the

idea

of

an

ultimately
son

their for

confederates.
successor

They
to

flattered crown,

her in

impeachment, with the hope

case

became of her

being
earl

appointed
of the duke

the

of her

the

bill for the

exclusion
the

of York

being
the

carried.

It

was

through
his

influence
to leave to the

that

of Danby

prevailed on
induced the
as

king

to

command monarch
council

brother to agree

land. Eng-

She
msnt

subsequently

the infatuated the

appoint-

of Shaftesbury

president of

of

thirty.

332 solemn
woman

CATHARINE

OF

BEAQANZA.

protest
than

that
to

he
her

had

never

been

married
queen to

other He

present majesty,
a

any Catharine. the

same

to

subsequently published
Catharine
was

proclamation
to

effect.'
not the of

permitted
duke

enjoy
to

much

repose.

"

believe," writes law, the

queen

of

York
"

his treacherous very her

duke
soon

son-insee

prince
the

Orange,
with of this
name

you
to

will
take

the few

fallen

upon,
date

intent

life." '
of

days
cook,
"

before
a man

letter,the
which

Monmouth's
the secret

of the
at

of
of

Buss, deposed before

was

committee,

the

head
in

Shaftesbury, that,

Hanone September last,he heard had kinson, who belonged to the queen's chapel, desire of Antonio, the queen's confessor's servant, to have a care the four Irishmen he had brought along with him, who, he

being

at

Windsor

said, would
of course,

do the

the

business
murder. to

for them." The

This

business with

was,
summate con-

king's
affected

committee,

in order lightly, make it public, as Gates had induce the informer to to his deposition,by going and formerly done swearing it Antonio before Then a was city magistrate, the recorder. examined though he denied having used such words, ; and for or knowing anything of the Irishmen, or the business committed for high which they were conjured up, he was treason.' of the point Nothing came charge, for on one the and pliant on everything besides, king, so indolent not to be was promised compositive; he would permit the queen in any by sanctioning inquiries on charges way, that were as ostensibly fabricated pretexts to swear away her life. "The in observes his James, Journal, king," seemed highly sensible of so injurious an aspersion on so virtuous cate done a to vindiprincess. Nothing, however, was

art,

treat

this matter

"

her,
rage,

in such drift

awe

did to

his

whose

being

majesty disappoint
Gazette.

stand

of

the

popular

the

duke's

succession,
Hist,
of

'See
'

James

Il.'a Journal.
"

Dated
Journal

July 9, 1679.
of James he

Maopherson's Dalrymple's Appendix.

Buss the
same was

London

England.
of

'

II.

brought

as

witness
was

at the
no
means

trial

Langto

home,
the

where

deposed

thing, which

by

relevant

charges against Langhorne.

334
him

CATHARINE

OP

BRAGANZA.

to

by
the

his

council with
the

that

his

life

was

in had

danger,
much was,

but

he

treated him he

notion in

contempt.
reflection
of he not

He what

to render

miserable

he
the

and

what

might

have
that

been
had

had

wasted

been

given
their
on

him.

He

glorious opportunities had disappointed

who
his of

expectations of all who their lives and expended

the had

loved

him, and
fortunes
in

had
cause.

risked

He

lavished

that
now

wealth
have

the

associates

his

vices,

placed him in a position to enforce of justice the administration spendthrift, ; but, like a ruined he was his ready to barter all the advantages that were To right for temporary supplies of money. propitiate an of innocent unprincipled faction,he had permitted a number for impossible crimes to be executed to ; and persons bad woman restored please one (Nell Gwynne), he had to his confidence, and at the Buckingham persuasions of another bury Shaftes(duchess of Portsmouth), he had admitted and enabled them his creatures into places which to furtherance of their abuse the regal power to the own the and into ambitious office to degrade himself purposes,
which

might

of

their

accredited

instrument.
"

"

never

saw," says
of
the

sir

William
condition moved left with

Temple,
of
me

any man his aifairs than

more

more

sensible
his told

miserable
; but

I found

majesty
me
'

ing nothnone

than could
so

when
much

he
as

he

had
in

whom since my

he

lord

treasurer's
as

speak of them being gone.' '

"

fidence, con-

This

was

Danby,
A with fever few the

man

days
queen,
so

whit every before his

false

as

the

rest. to
an

intended
was

journey
with that

Newmarket intermittent life

was

Charles
a

seized

of

malignant
was,

character
was

his
this

in

danger. Great the king, which period, attributed

"

excitement

caused

by

illness

of

of the according to the monomania I believe to lady poison. yet," writes that there is scarce Sunderland,' anybody beyond Temple bar that believes his distemper proceeded from anything but fallen poison,though as little like it as if he had
"

from
" ^

horse.
...

If
vol. ii.

the

privy councillors,"pursues
Sidney, the
far-famed Sacharissa

she,

Temple's Works,
The

p. 492.
of Waller.

dowager-countess, Dorothy

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

335 the
crowds out

"

had

not

used

their

authority to keep
he do had been

of chamber bedhis

the

king's chamber,
men

smothered;

the On

could

malady
Sunderland Brussels
over.

assuming
to ; but As
a

nothing to prevent it." ^ Charles alarming symptoms,

the duke
at to
on

ordered

summon

of

York

before

his arrival

Windsor skill first

Dr.

grateful tribute Micklethwaite, Charles,

honored
him

the

privately from the danger was of his physician,

of
valescence, con-

the the

symptoms
of

with

accolade
his

At

the

time

Newmarket,
His whom way the of

originally appointed, accompanied by the queen

was

knighthood. to majesty went

all

and credit

the
a man

court.
over

life there
of thus

little to the
had
so

of

shadow
are

death

recently impended.
a

His
"

proceedings
walked the
in

described
till ten

by
About

contemporary
; then

"

He to the

the

morning
six, he
went sort

o'clock

he went

went to

cock-pit till
; at

dinner-time. returned
to

three

he

horse-races

only.
but of duchess

Then
a

he

the

cock-pit for an play, though the actors

to
;

to the

hour
were

terrible
of

; from

thence

supper
and

; then
so

to

the
own

Portsmouth's
to take his

till bedtime
rest."
'

to

his

During the king's illness, the famous astrologer,Gadbury, was applied to by Mrs. Cellier to cast his majesty's nativity, which clined he not only deinformed to do, but against his customer ; yet he ward afterwards, in conjunction with an amateur wizard, sir Edthree Deering, volunteered political predictions,on fulfilment the he was of which willing to stake all his professional That Charles skill. follows as II., : They were have after the burial of queen a son Catharine, would by
apartment
"
"

another Louis of
were

wife,
Xiy.

who

should die in

be 1682

born
;

after

his

death

'

that

would

and

that lastly, Three

worse

the

earl

Shaftesbury would certainly never

The
death time of the

be

beheaded."

guesses

hazarded.

brave

and

virtuous

earl

of

Ossory,
to the

who

at

that

held

the office of lord chamberlain

queen,

"

Letter
Times

of of

Dorothy,
Charles

countess

dowager

of

Sunderland.

Correspondence

of

the
'

II., edited
Memoirs.

by Blencowe.

Sir John
Blencowe's

Reresby's Sidney

'

Diary.

336
much she

CATHAEINE

OF

BRAGAIfZA.

was

lamented

by
the wrote

her

majesty, especiallyat
of
own

an

epoch
in

when her

required
She

support
with
her

every

man

of the

honor

service.

hand

following
on

gracious letter of condolence

to his

afflicted

father

his

irreparable loss
"

"

My
"

lord

Duke not

op

Ormond
I

"

I do lord
own

think
who

anything
is
so

can a

say

will

lessen

your and
to

trouble
the

for the

death well every

as

of to

my my will
must

Ossory,

great

loss to the I know want

as

king
how
find

public, as
it ; but
a

particular
me,
so

service, that
me

not

express of
so so

day
But I

teach have

by showing
much
that I am,
"

the you

I shall
to

true
a

friend.

pity upon My

say

little

on

sad

subject, conjuring

you

to believe

lord

duke
"

of Ormond,
very

Your

affectionate
"

friend,
Eebina."

Catharine,

In the

addressing
afflicted

these

unaffected

expressions of sympathy
late lord

to

parent

of from

her her
on

chamberlain,
rule of

queen

Catharine pen

departed
to When

established
matters

of

never

ting put-

paper

except

Sidney, some leave his appointment this event, took of her majesty on as him desired ambassador to the Hague, she to tell the prince that she and writ never letters, princess of Orange, any but make he the best compliments she hoped he would
"

Henry

cessity. indispensable nemonths previously to

could

for the

her."

This

may

appear connection little the

somewhat
; but
reason

ing cool, considerCatharine

feel
was no

nearness

of the
she had

dissembler, those, who

had
so

and

to

kindness the

for

had

encouraged

fabricators

of

plot

that

had recently been aimed against her life. Catharine of the share the prince probably pretty correct information he afterwards in that of Orange had great iniquity,which proclaimed to the whole world by pensioning the notorious tool of

the

exclusionists,Titus
death

Oates. Catharine
to

In

August,

delivered
He

from

one

of

her

false accusers,
in the

Bedloe.

endeavored he had

support his part

so

tragic farce, in which

to the
"

actor,
and

making
was

plot

true

prominent an last,by sending for lord chief justice North, that all he had oath deposed of the popish he ;" but, as the judge was leaving the room,
and

been

detained

him,

said,

"

he

had

somewhat

to

disclose

to

"l)aries

11

From the

Painting

in

Bridewell

Hall

by

Sir

Peter

Lely

338 offered
to

CATHARINE

OP

BEAGANZA.

employ Shaftesbury. The ease against her out

With
is not this all the

him

to

assassinate of
the queen

Gates, Bedloe, and

failed
to

enemies of
this

make

improbable
and
was

fiction.^
had

excitement that

anxiety she
attacked her under

suffered, it
with
a

wonderful
;

Catharine
bore up

illness

autumn

yet she
moral

with trials,

quiet
of the

resolution liberator

and

courage
A

Portugal. Shaftesbury, November

the

of

worthy daring blow

in the duke
"

of the
was

daughter
struck of
at

her

by

17th,
of the

house
of York
"

lords, when,

bill for

the

exclusion

being
the

thrown

out, this profligatepolitician moved,

chance of

as

ing sole remain-

and religion, bill of divorce, a liberty, security, Catharine, might which, by separating the king from queen

enable
the and

him

to

crown

marry to his

Protestant

consort,
^

and

thus

to leave

legitimate
the this base

issue." lord
;

The

earls of

of

Essex mediately im-

Salisbury,and
seconded

Howard

Escrick,
submit

motion

but

the

king,
not

however
to

faithless have
her

he

had

been
from

to

Catharine, would

faction who by the murderous pursued her with such unrelenting malice ; nay, he showed of the design that he went himself from such horror man solicit the peers to to man to vote against the measure, that he might, if possible, stifle this wicked design in its The nobles in birth.* honorable were feelings of British truth against offering so great an injury to their innocent the project of dissolving her and marriage with the queen, once more abandoned, and forever. king was Catharine was so little intimidated by the avowed hostility torn of those to

him

who
be

had
taken

caused away,
was

the

lives of

so

many
too

of

her

vants ser-

under

pretexts

absurd

for

that credibility, of the

a

she

venerable

present with her ladies at the trial viscount Stafford, in Westminster hall,
had been

where

private
was
saw no

box
common

It
when

prepared tragedy that

herself
of
a

for

her

tion. accommodawitnessed
involved in

Catharine
was

she
same

this

aged nobleman,
with

who

the
the

accusation

Protestant
on

bar,
1

his
of

religionand poison the sixty-ninth birthday, after

James II.
'

design to overthrow king, brought to the a rigorous imprison'

Journal

Lords'

Joamal.

Journal

of

James

II.

CATHARINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

339
Eoman Catholic

ment

of two

years.
in the

He

and

the

four

other

peers
the

had,
benefit

boldness habeas

of conscious corpus

innocence, demanded
"

of

the
or

act,

namely,

to

be

either

brought
for trial
and

to trial

by the infirmity,and
he
was

discharged. Lord Stafford was committee of prosecution because,

the
nervous

selected from age

of excitability

his

ment, temperaThe
fortunate un-

less

capable
was

of

defending

himself from with

prisoner
to

assailed,on

Westminster
A

hall,by the
members the of the

his way pitilessrabble ferocious

of
was was commons

the

Tower

execrations. many of the

spiritequally
lord

yells and exhibited by

within
the

house

compelled to remind them that they were not at a theatre. Sergeant Maynard, ness, who opened the case against him, began, with great unfairof those by appealing to the polemic animosities by his fate that whom be there to was decided, observing was no improbability that the Catholics should have devised this plot in order their religion, because the to propagate all times histories and all countries, particularly our of afforded instances of such on plots carried by own, many in of the them, as Elizabeth, when reign they expected a and afterwards the powder plot." Queen popish successor, high-steward
" '

hall,so that

Catharine listen

must

have

been

woman

of

some

firmness

to

which showed calmly to this ominous commencement, how little justicemight be expected by the accused. She, her a doubtless, sat with painfhlly throbbing heart, while time introduced from to time own name was by the perjured witnesses. The very at

first that
he read and

was

called. Smith,
Coleman's letters
of the chief

deposed
how the

"

that

when
of

home,
the

in

duke

York,
the

queen,

the

plot." Gates repeated the tale of sir undertaking to poison the king with as if that gentleman had not been honorably acquitted of the charge. Her majesty's almoner, cardinal also frequently named as was Howard, implicated actively the witness in the plot. Lord Stafford convicted Dugdale in his statement of three of a slight mistake ; on years the which lord the noble high-steward sternly checked
1

in nobility were George Wakeman's much audacity as

State-Trials.

340

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

prisoner, by saying, "he

three years
a

must

not the

make

strain." peer,

"

"Is with

strain

?" exclaimed

unfortunate

passionate
"that he

emotion.'
of to

Turbeville, another

the

witnesses when
to in

against him,
PVance,
to

swore

proposed
"

him,

kill

the

that king," and Stafford proved

was

he that
a

returned it
was

England by Dieppe.
no

by

Calais."

Lord

This

discrepancy
has

treated
"

as

matter

of

moment.

Plato

said,

the two tory," geography and chronology are eyes of hisyet the judicial victims of the popish-plot persecutions the not were perjuries of permitted to controvert and Gates Lord his accomplices by those important tests. Stafford's counsel allowed not to stand near were enough of a word to him to allow not being exchanged that was audible to those who, in pleading against him, took the unfair most advantages. The trial lasted seven days, and the unfortunate old man complained sorely of his utter of sleep during that want period of agonizing excitement, and also of the cruel insults of the rabble who had pressed upon called
were

that

him.
on

The Gates

lieutenant to

of
them

the

Tower,
Gates
"

on

one

occasion,
of
them

keep
"

off.

replied, "They
half
on

witnesses." and
"

The

lieutenant

said,

not

were,"
told The he

bade he
was

him

him

down ;" keep them and called only a jailer,"

"

which
"

Gates rascal."^

him

lieutenant would break

retorted, that
his

If it

were

not

for his
in

cloth,
court,
head."

head."
"

This

being reported

the sergeant Maynard said, It did not become for he would break a word, to tell Mr. Gates
''

lieutenant,
his

I should

not

deserve

the
out

undaunted
of

king's lieutenant," responded in another habit oflScer, stoutly, if a man

"

to be the

the
"

court

should

call

me

rascal, and
the

I not

break

his

head." Lord laid

Stafford,
stress

in

invalidating
the fact the

testimony
when

of

Gates,
asked

great
the

upon

that he

he

was

before

privy council, at
had
had

time
in

made

his first
to

sitions, depohe

if he

any

one

else

England
accused

accuse,

replied
Sir W.

"

he

not," yet he afterwards

the
to

queen.

Jones, the attorney-general,endeavored

1

extricate

State-Trials.

"

Ibid.

CATHAEINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

341

Gates

out

of that
queen

dilemma,
was

against
know,

the

not

his accusation by saying that positive ; and, indeed, he did not

"

at

that

time, whether
to

she
'

were

person
that mind

whom
her to

he

might
and

venture

accuse." courage
that

The
and
was

had hear
a

suificient

knowledge strength of
said
on

sit
had

majesty by
no

everything
very
witnesses

about the

herself

doubt
of

restraining influence
who
have such
were

tongues
to
see

of

some

the

false

confederated

against
that for

her.

Most
man

agonizing it must fighting against

span of
near

been
fearful remained of

to

her

aged
the

disadvantages
to him. who
was

brief

of the

life

that

yet

The

filial
seen

piety
seated

marchioness
the for and

Winchester,

taking
of

notes scene,

axe-bearer, assisting her aged parent by his defence,' added to the tragic interest
afforded
service the
to

the

first
a

example

of under

an

English
such sell, Rus-

lady rendering
was

that

prisoner

cumstance cir-

Similar

heroism,

when

practised by lady

ble deservedly applauded by the world ; that admirano lady, however, incurred perilby her conjugal devotion,
while the marchioness of Winchester
was a

marked

person,

previously attacked by Gates for taking notes in the gallery at sir George Wakeman's trial for the information of her captive father, and she was grossly insulted pancies discreJones for her evidence, proving the by sir William between Gates's depositions at that trial and at her father's the subject of dates. Lord Stafi'ord vainly soon licited the indulgence of a singleday to prepare his defence : he was then he was, out worn as or compelled to answer A verdict of guilty was returned never. against him, and doomed and ignominious death to die the horrible he was having
decreed to the traitors. A

been

majority

of

the

peers

interceded

into decapitation. this sentence king to commute and Cornish The Bethel, presented a pitilesscity sheriffs, intimating that the king petition to the house of commons, Lord William Eushad no right to mitigate the sentence. that all the unspeakalso so inhuman to desire sell was as able

with

horrors

of

traitor's

death
to
use

should

be

inflicted

on

the

venerable
1

victim, who
state-Trials.

had,

Evelyn's expression,
^^

been

Evelyn.

State-Trials.

342
condemned
the life of warrant A
a
"

CATHAKESTB

OF

BEAGANZA.

testimony dog." To his

on

on ought not to be taken eternal disgrace,Charles signed

that

the

for
reaction

the of

execution

of

this

unfortunate

man. noble-

popular feelinghad taken place in his he made a favor, and when protestation of his innocence We the scaffold, the spectators unanimously exclaimed, on
"

believe

you,

my

lord!

God his

bless

you,

performed
and the descent

ofiSce with
fatal

lord my hesitation
was

!"
and

The

ecutioner ex-

tance, relucwith
a

of the

axe

echoed

universal The
in 1681

groan. dismal year

a

of

1680 of

closed

with
to

this queen

tragedy.
Catharine

Early

fresh A

cause new

disquiet

performer in the of Fitzscheme appeared on the scene, of the name of various of York harris, who, after accusing the duke de Mello had told absurdities,pretended that don Francisco that him her majesty was engaged in the design of poisoning ess the king." Fitzharris was a pensioner of the duchof Portsmouth, who bury, was deeply enleagued with Shaftesher that Sunderland, and faction,who, playing on her with boundless to feed ambition, continued hopes of The making her son the king's successor. king, however, struction to be perceiving that Fitzharris was employed for the deitself.
" '

presented tion popish-plot informa-

of

both

his

consort the

and who
as a

his
were

brother,

took

some

pains bring
on

to him

circumvent before
exalted meet at

party

confederated
the

to

the

parliament
on

pretence for
summoned

attack

those
to

persons.
Oxford

Charles
the left 2l8t

the
and

ment parliapanied accomcorted 14th, es-

of

March,
on

by by
all the

queen
a

Catharine,

Windsor

the

troop of horse-guards.

They
were

travelled received

with

high by lord
There

pomp sheriff

befittingroyalty, and
on

the the

confines

of the

Norris,

lord-lieutenant
mark

county, and at of Oxfordshire,

by the Wheatley
and
so

conducted, with

every

of honorable
with

respect, to Oxford.

they
and knew
a

were

greeted
how grace
^

welcomed
to

with
act

No
"with

one

versity, loyal enthusiasm by the uniand feasts. addresses, rejoicings, the part of a popular sovereign

better

than

Charles
of

II.
Jainos

He
II.

manifested

his

Autobiography

CATHAEINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

343 for his

grateful
this crisis of

sense

of with

the

affection

testified which

person
momentous
as

on

occasion

all the

heartiness It

the

his fortunes

required.

seemed, indeed,

if the

him and his parliament was about to be struggle between swords bury fought, not with sharp wits, but drawn ; for Shaftesand in rival pomp, the popular party came into Oxford and than of armed more equal force as regarded the crowds retainers hats who followed their them, wearing round ribbons with the inscription, No ! No slavery !" ^ popery The rival epithets of whigs and tories had just been devised of for each other, as terms vituperation,by the court pretty nearly party and the opposition. They were
"

synonymous

to

those

of

cavalier many
of

and

roundhead

in the be wasted

ceding prein

reign, though explaining the shades work would permit.

words
difference

might
if the

limits

of

this

king opened the parliament in the 21st. His first parliament sat eighteen years, on person in and called the was long parliament, having exceeded since. duration This before sat or ever ment parliaany that for remarkable its brevity,and was even yet more the short with was equal propriety named parliament, for it lasted only six days. wanted Charles ; this parmoney liament
The
wanted
more

blood.
as

He
a

had

made

up of

hia mind

to
a use

proceed against
disturber him
and and

Pitzharris

libeller
were

royalty, and
to

of the

public

peace
for the
a

they

determined of
in
a

his falsehoods

the

purpose

keeping
state of of

prejudices of
In the
once

multitude

sions pasmurderous the heirwere

the

effervescence.

word, the
and the
means

exclusion fall of the

of

presumptive of to be attempted
to outward than

throne
more

queen

by
at

this
a

new

tool,who,

appearance
the train

any

rate, bore

less

revolting
convicts

aspect
whom

of

apostates, felons, and

arrayed against the royal wife and brother, turer, since an unprincipled advenPitzharris, though himself He and the son of a brave loyal cavalier. was was, church of Eome, of the and, doubtless, withal, a member they
had

great results
commons

were

determined
'

anticipated from that the judges

James II.

his

depositions.
court

The

of the Lingard.

of

King's

Macpherson.

344 bench when should

CATHAEINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

not

try him,
have

but

that

he

should

they

would

others.

any The
and the

ensued,
revived

opportunity of color of they pleased for the crimination lords altercation opposed them ; a furious the commons postponed that question, and
bill.
On That bill
was

the

impeached, closures giving his dis-

be

exclusion

introduced

on

Saturday,
who
had

March taken
in his
to

26th.
his

Monday,
on

the his

28th,

the and

king,
was
tains cur-

resolution, put
to crown,

robes,
carried

conveyed
close

sedan-chair his
feet

the

house, drawing the

which
to he
on

conceal
his

his

knee,
the

or

between
of the

according
the rod

Burnet.

He

entered

house
on

lords

unattended,
the black

almost
crown
summon

unannounced,
on

took
and

his seat bade

The which the

throne, placed
of

his

head,
commons.

usher

the
"

moment

they entered,
so

he

told
end in

them

that

proceedings
He
was

began
lord

ill could
to

not

the then
in

chancellor

declare

withdrew,
from
at

entered

his
queen,

good," and commanded the parliament dissolved. which travelling-carriage,

and

readiness, with
Windsor.
Charles

the their

before
the

the

members

had had

recovered arrived

consternation,
The
next

royal pair
to

day they

returned and

hall.' "Whiteat

If
the

had

used

equal courage

energy

of the beginning of the pretended disclosures popish of weakly sailing with the plot,instead stream, and mitting perhis name to be used to sanction proceedings from which both his judgment and conscience revolted, a sea of innocent blood been saved. He followed now might have to trial for high treason, up his victory by bringing Fitzharris

who
sentence had and of

was

convicted

and

condemned. offered
to

When discover the

duke

under

death, this person

him of
to
accuse

those
of

who

induced
the earl

the

queen,

York,
before and
to

into the

Danby, if his sentence was perpetual imprisonment.' He

and

might

be

changed

examined

council,
with
the

aflSrmed

that

the

sheriffs,Cornish

Bethel,
invent Howard
'
^

Treby the recorder, had persuaded him fictions touching the popish plot,and that
Escrick

lord he

of

had

written
James
II.

the
Journals

libel
of

for

which

Maopherson.
Lingard.

Lingard.

Farllameut.

346

CATHARINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

the

pretence
when

of

the

popish plot, said,

reflected
how

"All

honest

men

trembled had

they

much

innocent

blood

been
Six

spiltupon
of and

it."
were

Irish
evidence

witnesses, five of whom

Protestants,
them

now
cuse ac-

gave

Shaftesbury having
the duke and unveiled

suborned

to

the the
tissue duke

queen of

of
the

York

falsely, together
of

with
A

Ormonde

chancellor

Ireland.

of

villany was
and

hour

for the

of

the

power
him

in a happy by their disclosures her refor this unprincipled politician, lentless queen, disarmed was now reallyunprovoked enemy, boldness further of offeringher injury. His when the warrant had for before and his

forsook

committal
his

was

signed, and
on

the
to

rabble, who
trial and the

hooted
beaten

victims
nesses, withim

their

way
now,

execution,
tide

their

to the The

tower

shiftingwith with yells of

of Portsmouth

of

fortune, pursued
all

execration.'

duchess

had

disgusted

the

world

but
and with

her

the

allies, political Shaftesbury, Eussell, and Sunderland, minor members of their party, by her intrigues
at whose trial she and her

Fitzharris,
as

maid,
offended
earl

Mrs.
the and

Wall, figured

witnesses.
to

She with
their

had
her seat of

deeply
at

king, and
countess

was

fain

retire to

friends, the

of

Sunderland,
the

the

queen

enjoyed
to

satisfaction and

Althorpe ; while going with her royal

without Charles the bitter

husband

Chatham

Sheerness

alloyof
desirous
for and

this insolent
at this his

woman's

company.'
some

appeared
to

time

of

former with
to of have

making neglect,by
he been

atonement affectionate her. This

rine Catha-

the

attention

kindness

which

treated

which
true

ought
friends uneasiness hardened Mr.

regarded
and

with
was

their

king

country,

change, pleasure by all contemplated

with had

whose of party hearts the demon by men against every good feelingand virtuous pathy. symin letter of the Prince to a Sidney, Orange,
with
returned

He

did
who

not

meet

the

punishment

his

crimes the
a new

had

merited

the
and

grand
Pilk-

by his creatures, ington, ignored the bill against him, on which

took shouts
'

jury,

had

been

Shute sheriffs,
of

fresh reaction
and the

popular feeling
resounded

place.
of
"

The
a

bells rang,
a

bonfires

were

kindled,
and
a

city
!"
"

with

Monmouth,
the Times of

Buckingham,
Charles

Diary

of

II. ; edited

Shaftesbury by Blencowe.

Lingard.

CATHAKINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

347
from took hath

dated

June

28th, says,
the duchess
; but

"

I delivered of

compliment
which
for

your
tremely exno

highness to
well
more

Portsmouth,
you little these
and
we

she she
are

it will do the

good,

credit

with to

king, and
her

ministers think
see

ing persuadof this

graceful less disis
gretted re-

the

king

send

themselves
vile woman's
to

to the

away, people.'' Thus

by
the

it to reconcile decline
no

influence,which political the king than pernicious

the tool
and

had
to

been the

realm,

by
which

spy

of

William, who
favor
were

adds, "but,
queen

is most

extraordinary,

is the

the

is in."
rooted to

Unfortunately,Charles's evil be lightly off. He shaken was

but

habits

too

deeply

capable of virtuous impulses, and fore therethey were unsupported by sound principles, of an He had evanescent nature. sternly recommended
of

the to

duchess

Portsmouth,
waters tone

on

her
the

reappearance
benefit it
was

at

court,
health.

try the Bourbon This advice, and the

to
a

for

of

her

in which Her
was

given, amounted
was, in
an

sentence

of
;

banishment.
a

absence
effected the
was

however,
evil hour in
as

only temporary
between
course

reconciliation
nuisance her
on

this of
a

national months

and

king,
as

and

the

few

influence
to

great
the the

ever.

Her his

cupidity wrought
brother
to

Charles
she

permit
been

return
means

of of

court,^ whence

had

him, at the desire of her persuading his majesty to banish of the heircolleagues in the opposition. The presence presumptive to the throne gave, however, a greater air of The and union comfort to the king, queen, royal family. lord Arlington, to see and duke on Monday," writes go and to sleep at return the Britannia launched at Chatham, These Windsor on days they have made a shift Wednesday. to pass at Whitehall, notwithstanding the buildings there." II. was Charles never so superintending happy as when his auspices the labors of architects or shipwrights. Under the metropolis rose, like a phoenix, in improved glory from in an flames of old London the funereal inconceivably short He admiration of all Europe. was of time, to the space of restoring the ancient desirous royal splendor to the once
" " "

1 2

Autobiography
In
a

of James earl of

II.

letter

to the

Chesterfield,dated

June

28, 1682.

348

CATHAEINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

city of
old
the

Winchester

by building
to reside and

palace
with

on

the

site of
a

the

castle,in order
year,
as

there

his court

part of

Plantagenet sovereigns had and formerly done, the neighborhood of Southampton time Portsmouth rendering it very agreeable to his love of mariits contiguity for field-sports and naval matters, and A plan of it peculiar advantages. Forest to the New gave
the

Norman

"

this

projected palace was probable expense, which

commenced,
of how
tional

made,
was

with

an

estimate

of It
revenue

the
was

calculated

at

35,000?.
narrow

but II.

left unfinished. is

When
it
were

the

Charles many

considered,
founded and

appears

scarcely
and

credible
na^

stately buildings truly be regarded

of
his
war

erected, endowed,

noble

institutions

which

may

as

an

during his reign, for the Augustan era

arts,
nation and

encouragement
At

science, literature,the
he found

tecture. archi-

restoration and and

the

exhausted of
the

by long
ornamental
classes

civil
in

the

oppressive
branches

taxation of

tectorate, proto

debt,

those

trade

allied

art, which
artisans and into

of

the

semi-barbarism

to the higher employment mechanics, wholly extinguished by which the state of societyhad retrograded

bring

during
the

the

absence

of

settled

monarchical

Civilization years
1640

and

back gone 1660. The next

had

many

degrees
years the

government. between
saw

twenty
and

the
at

foundation Greenwich
of the the and

of the
;
an

Eoyal

Society
for the old

Observatory
maintenance Chelsea

institution

honorable age
at

in their military veterans regular organization of the most lucrative

college;
of

navy

; the

establishment

commercial the world

; and

relations
the

between

all

parts
a

of

Bast-India

England Company

the commencement owes mighty power, which of its territorial importance to the marriage-treaty between and of Braganza. Charles Catharine The horrible statute for burning heretics abolished Had he but was by him. imitated the conjugal virtues and which purity of conduct his of this prince might adorned have father, the name been classed with of the ablest of our some royal legislators, but he was as incapable of self-government, history has of

rising into

course

told

different

tale.

CATHAEINE

OF

BEAQANZA.

349

in consequence of the want queen's pecuniary straits, of punctuality of the ofScers of the revenue in paying her income, are noticed by the earl of Arlington, in a letter to her
"

The

former

lord

chamberlain, he,
"

Chesterfield, June

28, 1682.

Our

receivers," says
in
some
measure

part

of

the

money

in

present yearly income lord Clarendon, her treasurer,

and is

selves thempromise to accommodate to our propositions for bringing in order to her making the sooner, the answer yearly charge. Yet my
is not

well

satisfied

with

it ;

be declared, yet though all their accounts not ready with his, but will quickly be so, the queen's displeasure towards him."
so

he

says

he

which

augments Catharine
able account-

was

unreasonable

as

to

consider

her

treasurer

for the
a

deficiencies vexatious
was soon

of her

long

and she

suit
after

and she receipts, for the against him the demise

commenced
arrears

in

which Her death

left at

of the

crown.

income of

had

been

considerably augmented
and at could this

since

the
to

the

queen-mother,
annum,
"

time

amounted

50,000Z. per
The

when

she

get it.'
addressed
1683. She had if
we

was following elegant little poem majesty by Waller, on New-year's day,

to

her

then may
dealt
plimentary com-

been

married
on

nearly one-and-twenty
assertions

years,

and time

rely
very

the

of

the

courtly bard,

had
most

gently

with of
"

her.
:
"

"Waller

is,however, the

poets
What How

revolutions
are we

in the

world

have
we same

been
saw

! the

changed
sun,
was

since

first

queen

She,
Time But

like
as

the she

does
at

still the arrival

to

appear,
:

Bright

her

here

has

commission celestial

mortals is

impair,

things

obliged
the

to spare.

'

From the

contemporary
we

statement find

among

inedited of

Lansdowne
revenue

MS., made
was

in

succeeding reign,
from

that
:
"

Catharine

Braganza's

rived de-

the

following

sources

"
"

".

d.
0

The

late

queen-consort's joynture

out

of y" Excise

18,000
19,328

Post-offiee More
rent
out by letters-patent,during life,

13

of

y" Exchequer 10,000

0 0

47,328
She had
also

13

7"

the

dower-lands

and

immunities.

350

CATHARINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

May
In When The

every health

new

year

find
as

her
she

still the

same,

and and

beauty
commons

hither

came, voice

lords infanta

with

united the the

named,
queens
nation

approved
whom lifted like
not to

royal choice. king alone.

throne
was

First But With The

of the

our

whole

the

like

consent

and

desert the wins away

crowned,
confound
;
1

glorious prince that does Victorious both, his conduct

And
her

Turk the
:

day.

example
louder

chased

vice

Though
*

fame
to

attend reform

the the

martial

rage,

Tis

greater glory

age."
as

Poor but
court

Catharine

! her be
was

example,
so

as

far

it

went,

small, it
where
as a

must

confessed, was
much
out than rather

its effect in

good reforming
was

;
a

virtue
a

of
a

fashion

that

it

was

regarded
Prom

reproach
in

merit.

rine Evelyn's Diary, we find that Cathaladies of with her on Braganza occasionally walked fine summer It happened once," he says, when nights. he was spending the evening with lady Arlington, at the passage
"

time the

she
noble the

was

mistress
whom
as

of

the it
was

robes,
"

an

office which
odd

gave groom had eat

lady by
"
"

filled the

title of

of

ladyship and her guests word down to supper, was was brought that the queen eleven o'clock ; going to walk in the park, it being then near which the countess on rose up in haste, leaving her guests
stole, just her, as sup without to be in attendance on
to

her

the
her

duties

of

her

place required her

It
was

royal mistress."
and her

the took

18th
this

of

June,

1683,

when

Catharine

ladies

nocturnal

promenade, just four days after the discovery of the Eye-house plot,so called the ancient from mansion at the Eye, in Hertfordshire, belonging to the conspirator seditious Eumbold, where meetings had been held, and a on project devised to shoot the king and the duke of York their return from Newmarket, they being very slenderly attended. The at Newmarket king's house accidentally caused taking fire, destroyed, which great part of it was the two royal brothers to return unexpectedly to London days before the appointed time: they thus escaped the them. The danger which impended over conspirators were
'

John

Sobieski,king

of

Poland.

CATHAEINE

OP

BEAGANZA.

351
duke

wont

designate the king as the blackbird, and the for the as goldfinch,when discussing this scheme assassination.^ of his swarthy account Charles, on
to
was

their
plexion, com-

plot
in

for

which

also a There was signified by the blackbird. a general rising throughout England and Scotland, involved, esof the pecially popular leaders were many who the duke of Monmouth, purchased his pardon his
confederates
; but
as

by betraying
his this It

soon

as

he It

had
was

got
for

pardon, plot that

doubtful

he

denied

what
and

he

had
were

disclosed.

Eussell
whether

is

Sidney they had

certain
a

brought anything to
it
was

to the do

block. the

with

assassination
to

scheme, but
the

that
war.

their took had

intention

involve

kingdom
on

in

civil

Charles
who

and

deadly
to

vengeance
the blood of

some

of those venerable

prompt compelled
and

him the

shed

of

the

lord

Staflbrd

conspiracy against his queen and It has been brother. by Maepherson, finelyobserved the opporwhen with regard to the proceedings of Charles tunity of have retaliation Those who was given him, him much accused done him of too more severity have than his character honor deserved, by expecting from him moderation is sought in vain in the that which tuous virmost ' of his politicalopponents." Charles was deeply incensed for himself Monmouth against having enleagued with his enemies, and also for his conduct ness during the busiof the his servant had been popish plot,in which with false deposition, a brought forward tending to involve Yet the queen's name once more. Catharine, acting the herself,but part of a good Christian, not only forgave him
other
victims the

late

"

interceded and in that

1
2

for of

him

with

his

father, and
in
a

also

with

the

duke

duchess his

York. his

Monmouth,
defeat obtained

pocket after his pardon was

in

private diary found at Sedgmoor, acknowledged by the good offices ol the

of lord
"

State-Trials.

Charles,
the

remitting
with I
am a

the

ignominious
the

part

Russell's

sentence,

panied accom-

favor

sarcasm

full of bitterness.

The

lord

Russell,"
to
me

said

he,

*'

shall find
of the

that

possessedof
Stafford,"
"

prerogativewhich
to

he denied

in the Russell

ca"e

viscount

alluding
not

the any
a

manner pitiless

in which horrible

had

insisted

that

the

king by
a

could

remit

part

of

the

punishment

appointed

for traitors

law

to disgraceful

Christian

nation.

352
the that had

CATHAEINE

OP

BEAGANZA.

queen, and and

king having
he had taken

told it

him very

so

in

private interview,
her to her

expressed
died

himself

very

kindly of thankfully
eldest
court to her

majesty,
on

the

subject.^
In

October

Catharine's
and out the of the went
on on

brother, the deposed

king of Portugal,

whole

deepest mourning
1684

respect
severest to
see

city put on majesty. The

ever

and

the year The

commenced
and frozen
at
a

with
both

frost
the

known.
was was

king
the whole

queen

fair
an a

that
ox

held

on

Thames,
fire made

which the

occasion

roasted of

ice.

It

was

winter

intense

of the dearness of food misery to the people, on account the navigaand the interruption to trade, from and tion firing, being entirelystopped. In the following November with commemorated unwonted the queen's birthday was the Thames There fireworks before on were splendor.
"

Whitehall, with

pageants

of

and castles, forts,

other

devices,

and especially the king's and queen's arms'* mottoes, all had been in such before as never seen represented in fire, besides several fights and skirmishes England. There were both in and the water, which on a long way actually moved under and then the and now burning water, appearing above and with it, giving reports like muskets cannon, other play devices. This grand disgrenadoes and innumerable is said 15001. The to have cost evening concluded with all the ladies and a ball,where gallants danced young

'
2

Mr.
"

Jesse

has

edited

this paper
bore
on on

in

his Courts

of
arms

the
of

Stuarts,Tol.
England
of and lion

iT.

p. 26.
of
on

Queen

Catharine

her

great seal the

dexter the side

those and
coat

Portugal impaled, supported the sinister by a dragon, taken Portugal

in is with
an azure a

the
from
on

by

the

England,
The many

achievement

of cross,

Portugal.
azure,
as

of

field

five

escutcheons,

plates
The

saltire, all within

were

bordure, gules, charged

to

with

eight castles,or.
of

plates Alphonso
supposed
he
the
was

(according
I.
to

tradition) adopted by
honor his of the
at

Catharine's
wounds of
our

royal ancestor, Saviour, and

of

Portugal, in
been
used
as

five

have
five
on

device
He of his

the battle
to

Ourigne, in 1139, where

consequence,
The of

defeated

Moorish
the five

kings.
escutcheons after
arms

is said the

have,
with

in

repeated
bordure

charge
added

conquered

monarohs.
the

by Alphonso V.,
of

marriage
of which

daughter
and
a

Alphonso
"

the

Wise, king
be

Castile,the

were

gules,
of

castle,or."

Williment's
may

Royal
seen.

Heraldry,

where

print of

Catharine

Braganza's

ment achieve-

354
land

CATHAEINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

complains,
of
France

in

one sums

of

ter than

letters,that
that.
were

her

husband
that

had the

lost much

greater
with

No

wonder

bribes persons

and

Holland

alternatelyaccepted by
ruinous

The nature. a propensities of so evening of February 1, 1685, the last Sunday that Charles II. was earth, the great courtiers permitted to spend on a and other dissolute wore playing at basset round persons in gold before 20001. of at least large table, with a bank them.
the with full

The
as

to king, though not engaged in the game, was scandalously occupied, sittingin open dalliance
"

three of of the

of

the

shameless

wantons

of
and

his

court, the
and

duchesses

Portsmouth,
same

Cleveland,
a

Mazarine,

others

stamp, while
was

French Six
The

love-songsin
our

that all

gloriousgallery.
in the
on

boy was singing days after,"pursues

queen
:

author,
as

"

dust." that

'

is not
was

tioned men-

being present

occasion

she

probably

engaged with her ladies in attending one of the services in in her own her chapel, or performing her private devotions this of inexpressible luxury, proscene apartment, while all forgetfulness of God" was faneness, dissoluteness, and ing by the restrainacting in the presence-chamber, unchecked influence of so virtuous a princess as Catharine, for the most there is an even involuntary respect which gate profliof persons are compelled to pay to the pure in heart. far from The was well, had scarcely tasted king, who of food all that day ; at night he went to the apartments
"

the A

duchess

of

Portsmouth,

where

he
was
"

called

for spoon-meat. for

kind of soup porringer of some but of it, he said not liking the taste

prepared
it
was

him,

too

strong for

his

stomach,"

might very of having poisoned

and
some

little of it,' circumstance that a very fixed on the duchess the suspicion easily have
and ate

the

king,
"

of
a

her

confederates of of

she imputation which afterwards, shamelessly, and

an

without brother

shadow duke

evidence,
The
a

endeavored

to who and
can

cast

on

his
at

the such
at

York.
"

king

"

wonder

it,after
He
rose

an

orgies ? passed early hour, and

before

feverish

restless
some

night.
time

occupied
To his

himself

in his closet
"

he

dressed.

attendants
s

he

ap-

Evelyn.

Burnet.

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

355
and

peared drowsy and absent, his gait was speech imperfect.' He often stopped in
he had

unsteady,
his which

his
if

discourse, as
he

forgotten what
sensible
at

he

intended About

to

say, of

self him-

became finished
came

last.'

dressing, he
of his closet
him to

was

attacked

eight o'clock,having with apoplexy, as he

The earl of

out

into
as

his he the

bedchamber.

Aylesbury caught
be

fell, suggested that he should

duke
was

bled, and
to

went

fetch

of York.

skilful hastened

physician
his

of the Perceiving the urgency took himself the responsibilityof bleeding case, he upon for the the king, weU nary prelimiknowing that if he waited be past hope. Not ceremonies, the royal patient would having a lancet with him, he opened a vein in his majesty's with arm a time, that he penknife, declaring,at the same in the hope of saving life in peril, cheerfully put his own but the blackness The blood flowed that of the king." ' freely,
"

surgeon, assistance.

and

in the

King, a drawing-room, and

Dr.

and
was

distortion

of the

features

continued

till a

cautery

patient'shead.* flew to of the king's illness the queen On the first alarm when lord Aylesbury returned with the his apartment, and her there.^ Catharine duke of York, they found was soon the duchess of York, whose followed by her sister-in-law, ous curifurnishes narrative of the agitating scene verbal some applied to
the
facts.
soon
as
"

I hastened informed the

the duke

to

the his York

chamber," majesty's

"

said

she,
I

"

as

was

of of

state.
now

found

there

the

queen,
and

(who

is

king), the
It The

chancellor,
was a

gentleman of the bedchamber. and startled at first. me frightfulspectacle,

first
he had all the

In

effect

symptoms
before
he

of had

person

laboring
on

under
an

brain
in

tion. affec-

About dried
had of
'
"

four
at

months the
same

insisted of

having
usual
an

issue

his leg

up,

and

time,
much

instead in his

taking

his in

active

exercise, he
process

occupied
trying
Letter Dr.

himself

very
"

laboratory,
of

experimental

to fix mercury.

Wellwood.
to

of lord

Chesterfield
to

the which

earl

Arran.
it

King
a

alluded
from

the
the

law

made

high-treason

to

bleed

the

king

without
*

warrant

council.
II.

Recital

of the

death

of Charles de Prance.

by

the

queen

of James

II.

"

Chaillot

MS., Archives
5 6

SecrStes the earl of

Letter

of

Aylesbury

to Mr.

Leigh, of Addlestrop, cited by Jesse.

queen of James II.
"

Recital

of the death

of Charles

II.

by

the

Chaillot

MS.

356

CATHAEINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

king
and

was

in

chair his

they

had open

they
some

held

teeth
the

placed a hot iron When by force.

who
'

on

his had

head,
been

there

time, duke,

queen, and knows

had

hitherto

remained you
with

speechless,came
to tell the

to me,

said, My
the

sister ! I beseech sentiments

who

king's
I
"

regard
to take

to the

Catholic

by grief, that
carried for the he
was

her

advantage of Catharine feelings,

she
was

religionas well as some good moments.'

gave way seized with convulsion The duchess
to

do,

to

endeavor

Overpowered
paroxysms
of
was

such

fits,and
York

out

of

the

room.'

of

remained
; but

purpose
so

speaking to the duke, completely engrossed by the

it
was

of

her
state

husband of she his

royal

brother,
in to

that

more

than
then to the

an

hour
a

before

succeeded

catching speak to

his eye. him. He

She
came

made

sign
she her
"

that

she wished

her,
queen

and

communicated had
of

the

which with message " I know charged her.'

sister-in-law
and

it,"he
see

replied,
the with the

I
on

think

nothing
of

else." Charles's

Thus

we

that

first hint church

the
of

ject sub-

reconciliation

Eome

earl Catharine. The of Aylesbury proceeded from queen Burnet's of fiction, that the duchess indignantly refutes Portsmouth sat in the him as on a king's bed, and waited her husband." wife would on My king and master," says in his I ordered the him to be earl, falling on fit, me,
" "
"

"

blooded, and
came

went

and

fetched
we

the

duke

of

York

; when and

we

to

the

bedside,
'

found it
was

the

queen

there,
of

the

impostor [Burnet]
that
was

says

the

duchess

Portsmouth

there."

The

strong
caused
a

remedies

that

were

used, acting
the
seven

as

lants, stimuAfter
covered re-

temporary
two

rally in
the
was

royal patient.
he of

the

fit had

lasted

hours

all but

minutes, he
uttered
was

his
ask
summons

and faculties,

first word

to

for

the at

queen.'
that
and to

She

incapable
sent
a

attending

his

moment,

and

her

absence,
in

him
"
'

her

life.

pardon, "Alas, poor lady!"

Roper,
'

beg

his

to excuse message if she had offended ever

exclaimed

Charles,

Letter Chaillot

to the

Key.

Francis

MS.
iii.

Letter

of

in Ellis, toI. iii. p. 337. the earl of Aylesbury to Mr.

Leigh.

EUiB,

vol.

p. 337.

CATHARINE

OP

BEAGANZA.

357
all my
was

"

she

beg
he
to

my
was

After
come
"

pardon ? I beg hers, with placed in his bed, Catharine

she
was

heart."

'

permitted
a

to

him, but
the

unable

to of

articulate
Bath of

word.

That
on

holy prelate.Dr. Ken, bishop

appearance
of the

and

Wells,

did,

prove Portsmouth, rethe king, and took that occasion for representing the that he made injurieshe had done the queen so eifectually the duchess for the queen sent withdraw, and purposely to her pardon." entreat Catharine, however, as we have seen, waited for a summons had where not came duty and ; she of her royal strong affection alike led her, to the chamber of his alarming illness. she heard husband,; the moment in all the churches for his Prayers were solemnly made I never,'' especially in the royal chapels. recovery,
'
" "

duchess

"

writes

the
than

earl it

of
was

Chesterfield,

"

saw

sorrow

better
all the

pressed exmon com-

yesterday
hearts, unlike

in the to

looks

of

people,whose
in their

courtiers,might
took

be read

faces."
it
was

day,
rang,

and

deceptive amendment hoped the king was

was

favorable and

report

received bonfires

with
were a

place that This out of danger. great joy ; the bells

kindled. A fatal

innumerable

change, however, succeeded, and The archbishop of Canterbury,

Durham,
to offer and their

general gloom prevailed. the bishops of London, of

in constant attendance Dr.

Bath

and

Wells,
the

were

spiritual aid.
himself his

Ken

took

royal

upon of master of

Thursday morning. solemn duty of warning

and reminded

On

his
cessity ne-

danger,
and and

him

of

the the

penitence
with
to

prayer.

Charles

received

timation in-

proceeded
liturgy.
of

He
his

resignation, and the bishop read the office for the sick and dying from the the if he reasked pented king paused, and then Charles sins ?" declaring his contrition.Ken
firmness
"

pronounced
and the

the

absolution

from

the

service

for

the

sick,
of in
a plied, re-

inquired
Lord's

if he

might proceed
Charles
did

to the not

administration

supper.

answer.

Ken,

louder
"

voice, repeated the

There will be time

question, and

the

dying
The

man

enough
from

for that."

elements

1 '

Ellis, vol. ill. p. 337. Biography of Ken, by Round,

contemporary

dooumenta.

358

CATHAEINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

were

when

placed on the king

"

table
was

in readiness
to
'

for

the

solemn
he

rite,but

entreated

communicate,
of

merely
from

said,
two

He

would
his

think

of

it."

Meantime,
very

brother, the duke

the

York,
and

was

urged
duchess

opposite quarters,
to

queen the
was

the

of

Portsmouth,

obtain

for

the The

king
duke

last offices

of Eome. by the church naturally expecting that hour, lay aside his habitual

prescribed greatly perplexed,

in that awful

the

king would,
and

dissimulation, withal,
a

real

state
a

of

his mind.

It was,

proclaim the perilous thing to

a

bring by the
a

on priest to the royal chamber death laws of England, it was

such for any

Time

mission
one

for,

to
:

cile recon-

gave
than that

to the Eomish person intimation other no

an

church. of

fled

the

his
to

preparation
die
a

for

king eternity
with

evident

disinclination
which he he had
was

in communion

church
and life,

of
of

been

nominal

member

all

The recognized as the head. exhausted by her long attendance by his bedside, queen, had been and removed from overpowered by her feelings, his chamber in convulsions. like deathShe lay in a long and in her her own physicians apartment, and swoon, to bleed her, and keep her as quiet as judged it necessary the violence of her of grief would permit. The duchess his Portsmouth
was

which

in

state

of

restless

excitement.

Her

triguing in-

dispositionprompted her to interfere,but she was not permitted to approach the king. At five o'clock the French she ambassador visited her, and immediately took him into little closet,and a said, I am going to intrust with cost a secret, which, if divulged, may me you my The in his head. but is surhe heart, a Catholic, rounded king is, by Protestant bishops : no one speaks to him of ' his danger, or of God." This observation, while it proves
"

how

little the between Burnet's

on

duchess the

of

Portsmouth
and

knew

of itself

what
a

had

passed
of

king

Dr.
she

Ken, is of
was

tion refuta-

fiction

that

in
; and

the
no

royal chamber,
less says,
"

attending calumny on

her
that

dying paramour holy prelate, of

of of James

so

to

his
was

whom

he

Ken

1 '

Memoirs

II.
of

Lingard.
Charles

Report

the

death

II., by BariUon.

CATHAEINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

359

also

censured

the blessed
the

duke the

by

piece of indeceucy. He sented preof Eichmond, lady Portsmouth's son, to be ' Well honest king." an eye-witness of may
of
such

for

another

death-bed pen

Charles

call

an

falsehoods, an
the

who historian, impostor. The

could

liberatel de-

heavenlynever

minded,

the to

courageous,
withstand
will

conscientious
in

Ken, who
of their

scrupled
when not
a

kings

the his

day

wrath,

their

interfered

with

Christian

was duties,''

likely person to act thus. very The duchess of Portsmouth, shameless

venture
a

as

she

was, of

did

not

second

time

to

cross

the
as

threshold
even

the
knowledges, ac-

chamber

of

death, where
"

bishop Ken,
to awaken
"
"

Burnet

labored
a man

much

and
enter

spake
the

like

inspired."
she ;
"

king's conscience, cannot, with propriety,

which,
the queen much of look the to is is too

the

room,"

said

besides

almost

The duke of York constantly there. he the care to take occupied with business that I conjure Tell him king's conscience. the He commands safety of the king's soul.' and will
can

ought
him
to

the
no

room,
or

turn

out

whom What
a

he

will.

Lose

time,

it

be

too
was

late." such

hypocrisy,
lived
with

the of
the

king
laws
in

for of

mockery, what presumptuous had who a woman speech from in open upwards of twelve years
God
;

violation

No
that

wonder

that

she
think

sidered con-

his
much

soul

danger
and
so

but

she

should
"

so

of

his

creed,
which

little of had

his

deadly
appears
not
1
2

sins of

she

been

sins, the gross and partaker with him,

"

have
Bumet'a

passing strange ; and that her conscience in the been slightestdegree awakened
History of
the the
taken his

should
to
a

sense

Own

Times.

Ken,
had

in
on

height
her

of Charles's held in lord

a

infatuation
the

for Nell

Gwynne,
and

when the

she, presuming
of

office she up for her

**

in

queen's household
at

favor

the

king,
been

abode

his

house

Winchester

(where
the
court
was

lodgings had
in

appointed
bade
one was

by the

chamberlain)
bad
woman

while

progress, his roof."

admitted acterized char-

sternly
He that
was

her of the

Begone

! for

should
at

not

remain Nell

under

prebends
said

of Winchester
the

that time. that blunt

! I

candidly
virtuous
to

he

in the

right ; and
to

king,
"

with

frankness
am

which

his

manners,

him, are,"
of

Odds and

fish,man
soon

not

myself,
see

but Bath
3

can

respect those
Wells.
"

who Life

after

elevated

him

the

of

and

See

the

this

apostolic prelate.
death of Charles

Barillon's

Report

to Louis

XIT.

of the

II.

360
of her
own

CATHAKINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

instance of heart.

of

a responsibility affords guilt and startling and hardness self-delusion, spiritual insensibility, It may be argued that she placed a superstitious

reliance church who

bons
saw

on

the which her

mere

outward
she
was
a

forms nominal

and

ceremonies

of

the

of

member;
smiles

but
and

those

to the

dealing out her perjured witnesses

lord

encouraging
who knew
swore

bon-

away
that in

the
the

life of

the

venerable
for the

Stafford, and

tions prosecu-

and must

popish plot she acted as the tool of Shaftesbury Sunderland, and the accomplice of Gates and Fitzharris, have regarded her professionsas nothing but grimace.
knew that
the and

She
a

duke she

of York

would his
the

be weak

on

the

throne James

in

few

hours,
the very could

was

He not
even

who

person believe refuse duchess

played on to cajole on
in the to

point.
of

subject
of solicitude for his

religion.
was

conversion the

Sunderland

likelyto by the

his credence
of

expressed,
vation. sal-

Portsmouth,

brother's

crowded with was king's chamber people day and lors, night, five bishops, twenty-five peers and privy councilbesides ants. attendforeign ambassadors, his doctors, and What had he of sleep or chance, poor man, quiet ?
"

The

The

air

must

have the

been
fatal

exhausted,
restraints

and
were

recovery

rendered

impossible by
rigor
number the
queen of state

etiquette.
who she
came

He

of

ladies

claimed

imposed by the appeared fatigued by the the privilege of following

his chamber.'
he
was

that

whenever

into

He
so

often

that apologized to this courtly company dying, regretted the trouble he caused, weariness than
of life.

and

long in expressed his

him better

The

duke

of

York, who

loved

almost anything on earth, was always on his knees by his bedside, and in tears ; yet the constant of the presence privileged spectators of the expiring monarch's sufferings

prevented
on

them

from

speaking

in

confidence
to

to

each

other

of the the
1

any the

subject. Barillon, in
duchess
was

order to

deliver

the

message

of

Portsmouth

the
him

heir-presumptiveof
to go with

realm,

obliged to request
which
II.
of Charles

him the

into

queen's chamber,
of the

opened
by
the

into

that
II.
"

of

king.
MS.

Recital

death

queen

of James

Chaillot

362
to
send

CATHARINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

father HudEnglish priest. At that moment who had dleston preserved appeared, an aged ecclesiastic, the king's life five-and-thirty years ago by concealing him
an

after

the that

retreat

from

Worcester.

He
from

was,

in

of

loyal service, exempted

to

all

consequence the penalties

a

attached and priest,

sent

the

exercise

of

his

function
of

as

Catholic
had

apparently
would
seven

the

only

person,
to

all that
summons.

been He

for, who
between

venture and

obey

the

in such eight o'clock, but came haste that he had As he not soon as brought the Host. the learned of the of the state despatched one case, he queen's Portuguese priests to fetch all that was required arrived

for
Eome

the

administration from St. James's

of

the

last

rites

of

the

church

of

The his and

necessary

introduction

chapel.' preliminary of clearing the appeared to puzzle the duke

considered
over

chamber
of

for He

York.
schemes

the

French

ambassador

many

for that the

all of which seemed purpose, the duke rest suggested the in

once more

queen

to take afford but

a

lord,'which
company
recovered to to
to

might
be
on

withdraw,
his

objectionable. Among of leading the feasibility her last farewell of her dying for reason asking the proper Catharine not was 8ufl3.ciently
The duke at

brought
own

forward.

last

tured ven-

act

authority. Kneeling
told father
see

down
in
a

pillow
"

of all

that

dying brother, he things were ready, and

and asked if he
"

his

him,
?"

by the whisper,
in

Huddleston The

tendance, atplied, re-

would

him

king
And

in

loud

voice,
to

Yes, with
to

a,llmy

heart."

the

duke, turning
wishes
and in
a

the
one

company,

said,

"

Gentlemen,
the

his

esty majBath

every Feversham."

withdraw
father

but

earls of

Then

Huddleston, being disguised

costume

wig
church

and

cassock, the
of

usual

of
a

the

clergy

of

the

England,
the

was

brought
head,
duke
"

by
the

secret

staircase

into the
of the

queen's chamber
ruelle
near

and

introduced, through the

into of alcove

door

bed's
The

in which

his
to
once

majesty's
the saved
1

bed

stood. these

York

presented
a man save
'

him who

king, with
your
Huddleston's

words,
now

Sir, I bring you

comes

life ; he
Brief

to

your
Barillon.

soul."

Account.

CATHARINE

OP

BRAGANZA.

363
is welcome."
'

Charles,

in

faint made

voice, replied,
his which

"

He

The
him act

king having
of contrition
"

confession, Huddleston
is called

bade him
an

repeat the follovriAg prayer,

"

by

:
"

0 my

Lord for

God
love

! with of

my

whole

heart
I love

and

soul all

I detest

all the I

sins

of

my

life

past

the

Thee, whom
never

above
more.

things Amen,

; and sweet

by thy holy
Into

grace,

to oflFend ! I commend

Thee my

firmly pose, pur! Jesus, amen

I

thy hands,

sweet

Jesus

soul.

Mercy,

sweet

Jesus

mercy."

Huddleston
extreme

then unction

gave
and

him the

absolution,

and

administered
to

sacrament

according
was

the

ritea

of

the In

church half
an

of hour

Eome. the company the then

readmitted into the

royal chamber,

king prayed heartily with that Ken him the to receive prelate again asked ; but when sacrament, he replied that he hoped he had already made with his peace God." ' ment According to Barillon, the exciteproduced a temporary rally in the royal patient, about that the enthusiastic to so began to hope God was work ferently, miracle The a by his cure.* physicians judged difoutlive the and not pronounced that he would that he appeared much night. It is, however, certain and revived, and distinctly spoke more cheerfully than he
"

and

had

yet done.
affection

He
that

addressed he
and

the
all

duke

of

York

in terms into

so

fiill of

present melted

tears.'

to him permitted the queen to come : physicians now when entered. clares dein she James he was his perfect senses She Charles "that spoke most tenderly to her."^ her threw herself more knees, and once on repeated her he would that forgive her for all her offences ;" request

The

"

It

seems

that

Charles, while

concealed

in

this

ecclesiastic's the book

a

chamber
of favor his of

at tary solithe

Moseley, five-and-thirty years previously,had, to divert himself by reading a controversial hours, amused
doctrines
on

tedium in

of
"

the
an

Romish

church,

which
was

made

at

the

time

powerful impression
the

his

mind,
and then

impression which

probably strengthened by
and

persuasive
in which

manners

eloquence of Huddleston,

the

pecaliar circumstances
Catharine.
the

he
'
'

was

placed.
Brief

Huddleston's The
earl of

Account,

dedicated
He

to queen
was

Chesterfield's Diary.

among
*

company
to

present
XIV.
"

on

this occasion.
'

Letter

Louis

James

II.'s papers

relating

to Charles's

death.

Ibid.

364
and Charles but
that he

CATHAEINE

OP

BEAGANZA.

again replied,
he had her

"

that

she

had

offended

in nothing,

her, and

asked
her

prevented physicians
message
between the

from

guilty of The pardon." being a witness

'

been

offences against many violence of her grief of

forbade
mutual

her

to

quit

her

his last agony : her chamber again.' A last

of the
never

king

however, exchanged forgiveness was, false statement, "that royal pair. Burnet's mentioned the queen," is thus tradicted entirely conevidence

that

by the melancholy
recommended

of

those

who
also

were

present
"that
over

on

occasion.
the

Burnet duchess of

aflSrms

the and

king
over

Portsmouth,
'

again, to
and
now

his

brother, saying, he
her who to

had

always
of this

loved

her,

loved

the

last.' the

"

Now,
name

Barillon, the
woman

only
at

person

present
"

mentions

that the all, merely says duchess of Portsmouth, and

to his

king
her
son

twice

recommended
duke

the

the

of

Eichmond,
He
never

brother,
the
to

and

also

his

other

children."

epoke of During
from

Monmouth.'

night
time

the

king occasionally slumbered,

in mortal

but
aU the
was

time

awoke and

agony.
About of and

He
two

bore
in

with

manly morning he kneeling by

fraternal

firmness
cast his

resignation.
on

eyes

the

duke

York, who
with
of
a

his

bed, kissing his hand,

called him to him
"

burst

of and

tenderness

the

best

friends

which with forgive the harshness treated he had sometimes him, especially in sending him into exile. that He told him he now willingly left all he had for his sake, and prayed Grod to send him a long and him, for his sake, to be reign ; and entreated prosperous let poor kind to to his children, and not Nelly starve." * He preserved his patience and composure during the long that it was night. His royal sister-in-law declared weary face with death to posure." impossible for any one greater comAt six in the "what o'clock morning he asked it was ?" and when the they told him, he said, Draw up

brothers," begged

"

"

"

^
* *

Macpherson. Barillon's Report

James
:

Lingard.
Clarendon's

to Louis

XIV.

endowed

her

with

Diary

Appendix, Treasury

pension Aocompts.
a

of

1500^.

per

annum.

"

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

365
behold

curtain,
of his and that
was

and

open for the which

the

window,
'

that

the

sun

last time."
was

I may There was

chamber,
he

only
works with

wound
"

reminded
or

his attendants the after

up once that it must be

light a time-piece in in eight days,

be
wound

the

morning,
seized
soon

would
acute

disarranged."
in

up He

pain

the

attended

with

of breathing,on difficulty

which
a

right side, they took

temporary
lost
sciousness con-

eight

ounces

of
at at

blood

from o'clock

his his

arm.

It caused

but relief,

eight
ten
;

speech
he

and earl

at

twelve

failed ; he ceased to
was

breathe. with him

"He
for

died," says
the last
often

the

of

who Chesterfield,
"

hours, eight-and-forty
for God's
and

as

good
; as

Christian,
a
man

praying
great
of
and

Christ's
never

mercy

of loss
in for

undaunted three

courage,

repining

at the

kingdoms ; and as a good-natured man his subjects' a thousand particulars. He asked pardon anything that had been neglected or acted contrary to rules of good government."
Charles of his
died in

life and

the

the he of
can

54th

reign

; but

year only be

of

his

age,
a

and

the

36th de

reckoned

sovereign
been
ried mar-

facto from
to

the

date

his restoration.

He

had

Catharine and

of

months,
to
'

twenty
influence

Braganza two-and-twenty years, eight pute imPortuguese historians days. The

to the of

Charles's the
that

conversion

Roman
; and

Catholic

faith
it is for
as

tirely encorded re-

his

queen
masses

by
in

them

she

had
on

repose she as
and

of

his soul

many the

sung of

Lisbon

the

anniversary
that

his
him

death,

lived.

It is certain his memory

she

loved

long passionately,

cherished
same

with

devoted

tenderness.

II. died, the privy counCharles cil, day on which and was after the proclamation of his brother over, dress adwith an their homage paid, waited on the royal widow also paid her a brotherly of condolence.' King James of affectionate sympathy visit,and offered her every mark visitors bed a and on lay to receive all respect. Catharine the even of mourning, the walls, the floor,and ceilingof The
1

The

author
:

uses was
a

the much

words

of

the

dachess

of

York

in

preference to
Barillon.

those

of

Barillon
'

she

honester

person.

Hist.

Caaa

Real

Portuguesa.

366
her

CATHARINE

OP

BHAGANZA.

chamber
and

being
appearance

covered

with

black, the
to

excluded,
an

tapers burning,' having

as

the

light of day full as brious luguthe

mains re-

the

apartment
in state
on

in which under

of
hearse.

her

royal
was

consort

lay

Charles

buried
at

the

14th

of

canopied February in
was paratively com-

his

Westminster

creed

he

abbey, private,on had adopted

was

midnight.
of the

His

funeral

account
on
mourner

proscribed
Prince

rites of the

his death-bed.
:

George

of

Denmark
of

chief

the

royal household, and attended their royal master

the
robed in red

in wax,

velvet,with

worn according to the costume death, is preserved in Westminster of Charles II.,both as errors Notwithstanding the many in life, and a greatly beloved sovereign and a man, he was in death, by the passionately lamented great body of the

bers privy council, the memof the nobility, ever, howmost His to the effigy grave. point-lacecollar and rufiles, time of his at the by him abbey.

people.
from

The

faction

who

had

labored

to

exclude

James

II.

endeavored the popular to excite regal succession fury against him, by circulating reports that the death of had Charles been caused by poison. This cruel calumny ushered the new in by mysterious whispers on sovereign was that the ghost of king Charles had ied been seen, like the burin Hamlet, to revisit the glimpses majesty of Denmark of the moon, in a full suit armed but attired not cap-a-pie, of deep mourning for himself cumstanti The following minutely cirof this alleged apparition, from account a eonaffords an periodical, temporary amusing picture of the superstition or the knavery of the times :"

the

"

gentleman
after

and

the

court, gave

the the

lady, persons of following relation

of the
as

very
:
"

good
the

note

and

credit, belonging
late

to

In

reign of the
were

king James,
in

presently gallery
the black
as

death in

king Charles evening

it were, and

II., as they
arched

walking
at

the

long
of tall

at

Whitehall,

about
an

candle-light, door,
the door stood not to
one

the
in the

farther middle
a

end
a

gallery there
man

seemed,

and

standing bolt upright,

flambeaux

through

there

appeared
him

light,

of

many

burning

whereupon
in the

they

still, thinking seeing

another.

it to be

some or king James great courtier began to be amazed, and had not

mourning
power
to
as

j but

stir,they However,
muslin

speak
to
see

the

gentleman

took

such

full view

of

him

he

had

plain white

Evelyn.

CATHARINE
ruffles
and it

OF

BEAGANZA.

367
saw

cravat, quilled
was

very

neat

and

they
ever as

both

his
seen

face, and
him
in

were

satisfied

that taken

of such

king
a

Charles

II., if
view

they
the

had

their

lives,having
mistaken
took ;

particular gentleman
and the

they thought
to

whereupon
in

the

calling
bare
?

sentinel in

to

they could not be bring a light,he place

asked
was
none

the

candle

his
see
was

hand,

searched

for the

door, but
He

the

where the

it
tinel sen-

a,ppeared
stone's

he

could

nothing but
no

wainscot.
who

then

whether
a

there

door

thereabouts

there replied,
seen

within

cast;

and, seeing him

would not
to
are

the

gentleman
him but
if

not

disturbed,asked if he had The acknowledge. gentleman

what both
she

anything, which charged

both
come
a

likewise

the into

lady with
trouble
;

reveal
now i

had
to

seen,
an

lest

they might
of

they

ready

make

affidavit

it,or give

fuller

account,

required.*'

Queen
and death

Catharine
kindness her

was

treated

with II. and

She
was

the

tion greatest consideraqueen after to

by

James

his

the

of
same

royal

husband.

permitted
had
two

occupy
to

the her she

apartments
queen-consort

in Whitehall

which of not

pertained
months 8th

while became that she she

for

upwards
It
own
'

after of

queen-dowager.
she removed her
to

was

till the

April
where Before

her

palace, Somerset

house,

held left
from

suitable dowager-court with Whitehall, she received autograph all the

splendor.
letters of

sovereigns in Europe.' Whenever she was of the of royalty, she fatigues and pomp weary in her at sought repose Hammersmith, country residence where she enjoyed, in privacy, the society of the nuns who lived under her protection in the Her adjoining convent.
lord

condolence

chamberlain,
of her with

the

earl and

of

Peversham,

had

the

entire

control The

household which
the after

the

favor

she

was

of her affairs. management suspected of regarding him of

obtained Some

for him years

nickname

princess Louisa,
exiled what
queen,

James

king-dowager." * Catharine of Braganza's death, II.'s youngest daughter," asked

"

the
the for

her

mother,
had said for
in
a

if there

were

any

foundation

the

world of
was

of the the

dowager
^

England,
published
tale his
was

partialityof Catharine, the ?" earl of Peversham Mary

preceded
a

This

story

periodicalwhich
devised to fix
comment

the of

Tatlers
the
no

and
of
to

Spectators. king Charles

deny
2

The
on
a

evidently
as

suspicion is, "

We disturbance their

death
reason

brother,
who

the

editor's the

see

it God

was

real

apparition,though
knows

reason

of
come

his

and

ance appear-

only knows,
born

how
'

princes
the

by

ends."
*

Evelyn.
Who
was

Barillon. after

Granger.

at St.

Germain's,

depositionof

James

II.

368

CATHAEINB

OF

BEAQANZA.

Beatrice, herself
was

the

most

correct

of women,
so

replied
a

"

there is
tainly cer-

none."

'

The

testimony
to

of

virtuous

queen

quite sufficient
one

of

those

royal sister-in-law of vulgar malignity unsupported scandals, which

to fix
on

acquit her

occasionallyendeavors The goodness of

kindness
she had
to

Catharine's

persons heart of
a

of
was

exalted shown

station.

by
to

her

the

unfortunate

duke

Monmouth,
in the

whom of

always proved trouble, although he had

her
an

herself

friend

time
to

perpetually
his

endeavored had
made

date invali-

active
life at

marriage with accomplice with

the
time of

father, and
who had

himself

those

combined
was

against
demned con-

her

popish plot. After he the following earnest to death, he wrote supplication to his royal step-mother, imploring
his

the

letter

of

her

good

offices with
The

uncle, James
of

II.

"

Dtike

Monmouth
"

to

Catharine

op

Braqamza. 9th of

From

Ringwood, having
me

the

July, 1685. majesty, king's

not
vinced con-

"

Madam
"

"

Being
I
makes your

in this unfortunate may

me

condition, and

none

left but

your the

that

think

have this
to

some

oompasion
to

of

; and to

that,
botom angry will

for
me.

last

sake,
desire

take

boldnes doe

beg
wear

of you

interned the

for

I would my

majestie
I have I the I
ever

it, if I

not,

from

of God
me

hart, Almighty

how
with of
me

bine

disceaved

into your

it,and
how

how

i"

for
to

it ; but show And

hope, madam,
king [James
devoted dutifuU

intersesion

give truly

life to
serve

repent
him the life
shall
*

it,and

II.]
your your

realy
will

and

I wiU

hearafter.
you
save

hope, madam,
be
to

majesty

be

convinced

that and
ever

will

service, for I servant,

have

been,

be your

majesty's

most

and

obedient

Monmouth."

Catharine this rash

her him fault

made
and

the

most

earnest

entreaties
was

for

the

life of of

misguided man, and it passionate solicitations that James

an

in consequence
was

induced mercy

to

grant
no

interview.'
hers.

That

he

did

not

receive

was

of

During
herself
'

her residence

at Somerset

house, Catharine
Her
the

amused of
James

with
MS.

giving regular
diary
of of
some

concerts.

love
of

music II., in

Inedited
secret

years of

of

the

life of

queen

the
2

archives

the

kingdom
It has been

Erance. folded
to

Lansdowne

Papers.
head
:

in

small

square

and

sealed

with

an

antique
'

is

addressed

merely

the

queen-dowager,

endorsed

July 9,

1685. Memoirs
of

James

II.

370
not told
on

CATHARINE

OF

BBAGANZA.

be to her lord

honor

when

Feversham
I

it,and

will, if

it

public court. [Catharine'schamberlain] my in my comes way, speak to the

a

opened

in

I have mind
queenqueen-

dowager
dowager
was

myself.' He was going to Portugal

'

asked

if I ?'

knew I His

that
'

the

said

No, truly ; this

'

majesty said, that him had word she sent confessor, yesterday by his own that she intended to go to father Warner, to acquaint him with her own country; that she had acquainted her brother for her.' would ambassador it,and that an speedily come
the first word I heard

of

it.'

The should

king
send

hurt that expressed himself queen to the king of Portugal before she her resolution
to

Catharine
had
'

municated com-

himself,

and

he

observed,
It
must

that
deed in-

he

deserved

to

be

better

treated

by

her.'
"

be

confessed," subjoins lord

has
same

Clarendon,

that

king
^

James the

been

exceedingly
as
"

kind the

to late

her, treating

her

with

respect
Clarendon very

when that

told

he
; and

would he well

king was living." James Catharine speak to queen

would
known out of

that

afternoon

have that

done he
to

so
never

on

the
went

previous day, only

abroad
of
on

it

was

the

30th On

of

January,

respect
he

his father."
was

another

occasion

assured

the memory " him that

;

he he
not. deal

ashamed
not

of the

queen-dowager's proceedings
with
the

but

could
As

interfere

law,

which
a

he hard

understood
woman

to the and
case

with,
'

queen-dowager, she was that she already knew

seems

to of this in

his

opinion
was

suit." whom
all

The love

to

have

been, that
with years, the

Catharine,

of

money

increased to

that

was

possible

add
to

to

grasping large capital of her

off with

she intended savings, which It is possiblethat lord the

carry Halifax

her

to

gal. Portuinto of

had

alarmed
some

her hints

project of departure from the approaching revolution. She had to again written
a

England, by
her
and

brother, don
he had

Pedro, appointing
the her
meet to

time

for

her and

return,
his
she
vol.

despatched

count

de

Ponteval

there.'
'

Early
of Casa Lord Real

in

May

nephew to Paris, to signifiedher intentions

*

king

Biary
Hist.

Clarendon,

ii. p. 168.

Ibid., vol. ii. p. 176.

Portuguesa.

CATHAHrNE

OP

BEAGANZA.

371
to

James,
convey
new

who her

went to

himself

to

Chatham made

select
of
one

ship to
of the
and

Portugal.
he fitted had
out

He

choice

vessels

which be

latelyadded
for

to his fine navy,

ordered
of

it to

the

month,
her

however,
up
of

she

voyage. changed her

the

Before mind
"

the

end

once

more,

and

told

secretary, sir Eichard

her her intention
of and

Bellings,
going
no

that

she

had

wholly given the great joy the who, on

Prince
to

to
so

Portugal,"to
of the

household,
of

less

king,

of

go to third-rate Catharine

May, writes to his son-in-law, the The Orange, queen-dowager being resolved not the Portugal, will save me charge of the great
"

29th

was was

out fitting

for the

her."

'

royal the of James II. sister-in-law, June queen 10th, Trinityshe after came Sunday, soon eight o'clock in the morning, attended and the married by her lord chamberlain ladies of her household, and took her seat in a chair of state,under
a

present

at

accouchement

of

her

canopy
and

that
never

had

been

prepared
room

for her little

near

the
was

queen's
born."

bed,
She

left the

till the

prince

godmother to the royal infant,'and on the 22d of October, seven days after she had performed that office, nary she, at the request of king James, attended at the extraordiat Whitehall, to afford meeting of the privy council her important testimony in the verification of his birth. A chair was the king's right Catharine at placed for queen hand. As she was soon as seated, king James explained the cause for which convened this meeting, and he had said, he had "that given her majesty the queen-dowager, and the
other ladies
and to lords

stood

who

were

present,

the

trouble the birth

of

coming
his son."

thither Then

declare

what

they
that

knew grave

of

of

Catharine, with
is
far
more

and

dignified
esty mod-

which simplicity, than

cause
an

characteristic of

of true

overstrained

afi'ectation
a

of her

truth evidence

requires
in these

statement

gave
to

words
as

:
"

"

the delicacy when of important facts, The king sent for me

as

the

queen's labor.
till

came

soon

could, and
of

never

left
^ '

her

she

was

delivered

of
^ *

the

prince
of the
of

Wales."*

Daliymple's Appendix.
Sandford.

Report Report

Privy Council. Privy Connoil.

the

372
This

CATHARINE

OF

BKAGANZA.

taken depositionwas to her majesty to attest by writing under it,

down

in her

with

writing,and then signature,which

handed
she did

King
own

James
of

very

properly laid great

stress

on

the

mony testi-

could

she

royal brother's widow, as she was, next to his consort, the lady of the highest rank in the realm, and if motive for have no favoring an imposition, even of the had most been not a unimpeachable person
his word
and

integrity,in
Catharine
to

deed.

The

of
babe

Braganza performing
was

circumstance of very the office of godmother

the

of

itself
had

sufficient endeavored

refutation
to cast

of
on

the his

aspersions
birth. At
the

that

party
of
the

eonprince of Orange, Catharine ducted herself with great prudence and dignity. The passions the had been excited of her of rabble against persons Catholic demolished, the chapels were religion; the Eoman and houses ambassadors of the attacked plundered, and horrible accused of the most Papists were designs ; but she the calmly bided storm, remaining quietly at Somerset

landing

house
himself

while

her

lord
cause

chamberlain, Peversham,
of his unfortunate

was

exerting
When

in the
was

nobleman

arrested

simple performance of him from king James, Catharine, sort uneasiness, but betrayed no
brother-in-law conscientious
was so

that king. by the prince of Orange, for the his duty in delivering a letter to

of of of his
own

course,

felt Her

some

alarm.
her
sore

royal
and

well
in the

convinced

honorable

conduct

time

of his

perplexity and
and the

distress, when
creatures of

abandoned his

by

children

his return to London bounty, that, on after his first retreat, he house, and stopped at Somerset conferred with her before he proceeded to Whitehall. of the of the mestate Probably he required intelligence tropolis, and he well knew that he might depend on her he might expect to learn the fate of lord Feveror sincerity,

CATHAEINE

OP

BEAGANZA.

373
was

sham
on

from
18th

her.
of

This December

interview, which
:

their
to

last,was
on

the

James

retired
a

Eoehester
visit to

the

30th.

The the

Catharine

unoccupied, and that night ?"

the
cause

prince of Orange paid found same evening. He not asked, Why she was
"

queen

The

queen,
earl

who

was

very

pensive and playing at basset anxious to plead

"

her

of the

of the

Peversham,
absence of

said,
her

She

had

not

played at basset since always kept the bank." longer interrupt her

chamberlain, who The no prince repHed, He would ordered majesty's diversions," and Feversham be liberated.' It is pleasing to be able to to record so agreeable an instance of good-nature in a prince, whose little characterized manners were by courtesy ; but William himself could was excessively fond of cards, and therefore he concluded sympathize with the ennui which the royal widow felt in being compelled to pass her evenings without that amusement. Eough and ungracious as his ness kindgeneral deportment was, Catharine experienced more
"

and

consideration had been

from

William

than from

although Mary
from

accustomed
endearments
on

his queen, infancy to receive

from
an

her

the

affectionate

of best

rine aunt, Cathawith she

having always lived mother, Mary's deceased

breathed
A

the
was

possibleterms
her
when

and

with

her

last.
course

difficult

remained II. and

in
a or a

for his

poor
queen,

Catharine
when
was
seen

after she
was

the left
erated tol-

expatriation of
alone and

James

friendless

land

where

she

the

professor of
death,
and
score

faith exile She

which
on

she
of

had her

only bring

prisonmen im-

most

dearest

friends

faithful of her

servants.

had
seen

dowry, having
Beatrice,
of
find

law, Mary
new

its it had not

way

anxiety, too, on the that of her royal sister-inthe pockets of the into
her been settled
on

sovereigns,though
an

that

queen

by

act her

Parliament
had

less to

binding
herself and

than

that

by
4,

which She

own

been

secured

paid
and
"

her

first

visit them

to William
as

Mary

March

1689,

recognized
no

Britain,
1

other
and

course,
many

in

of Great king and queen fact,remaining for her, if she

works, Roger Coke, Anderson,
eto.

Ralph's History,

contemporary

374
intended
to

CATHAEINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

possessions in the realm. the had, indeed, plainly intimated King James her to pursue, cessary nepolicy he wished by saying that it was in England.' The for her to remain royal widow her mortifications. A bill against was not, however, without of commons the July 19, 1689, Papists passed the house the queen-dowager's popish servants limited were by which which the lords refused to sanction. to eighteen in number, This sir John induced the insult,"observes Dalrymple, unfortunate princess to quit forever a kingdom in which
own
" "

retain

her

rank

and

all knees

had before
and

once

bowed
was
mean

to

her." to

More

than

elapsed
bitter Two

she

permitted
time

put
was

her

years design into

some

two

execution,

in the

she

subjected to
to

annoyances.

days
to

before
sent tell
were

William lord

III. left London

embark

for

Ireland, he
there
his

berlain) ITottingham (hisqueen's lord chamthat it was of Braganza, Catharine served obgreat meetings and caballings against
"

government
desired
take and

at

her

residence

of

Somerset

house
to

; he

therefore

that

her

majesty

would

please

leave

town,
End." at

Queen
message,

at either Windsor or Audley up her abode testified the Catharine astonishment utmost

this

but
"

she

was

not

in the

least

intimidated.

desire tories Her earnest to quit his terriwas replied,that have but altogether for Portugal, if he would pointed apit did she her intend for not ships was, ; as voyage which her was own to go out of her house, by treaty.'' and lord Feversham The next to day she sent lord Halifax frivolous ground she had represent to the king on what His been miajesty disquieted by Nottingham's message. strain, and bade her not think replied in a compUmentary of removing.^ From the enmity expressed by queen Mary in her letters against the seem queen-dowager, it would

She

that

the

annoyance
a

came

from

her.

Before
to

William
a

had serious She

con-

left

England
ordered
a

week, Mary

endeavored
on

force

quarrel with
had

her

royal aunt,
for her
toI. Lord

the

following pretext.
success,
in the

prayer
1
'

husband's

Dangoau, Diary
of

ii. p. 160.

Clarendon,

vol.

iv. p. 316.

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

375
be used
in

test

between

him This
it

and
seems

her
was

father, to
omitted attached
in

all the

churches.
a

the
to

Savoy chapel,
house.
retained
was

Protestant
never

place
use

of

worship
it

Somerset
was

Catharine her
to for

entered of
her of

herself, but
chamberlain. who

it

the

Protestant her lord

servants,
ordered

and

by subject
ran

the

regulations
the

Some the

one

with of the

tale

to

queen

Mary,

clergyman

of the omission Savoy to up prayer, and to be subjected to something like a Star-chamber tioning quesThe her council. in a by clergyman, privy great had The forbidden fright,said that queen's chamberlain
"

be

taken

for the

the

service might put a stop to the Protestant ' Queen Mary was by no means altogether in that chapel." far conciliated so to tell as by this explanation, and went her measures privy council, that she thought no more after this,if it ought to be kept with the queen-dowager
"

; for prayer Catharine queen

he

feared

that

if this

prayer

were

said,

were

her
was

order, which
meant

no

doubt

it

was."

"Whatsoever words
was

malice averted

against by
the

Catharine

by

these
of

Peversham, he received a who, personal rating from queen Mary, took the entire blame and himself, by responsibility on in utter affirming that the queen-dowager was ignorance the of transaction." whole Queen pected Mary evidently exthat the royal widow would to her next come levee, make and humble affair. rine, Cathaa apology for the whole has than the world tact more however, with given
manly
when
"

from

her

self-devotion

her

credit

for, acted
as

on

lord

Feversham's

hint, and

ducted con-

utterly ignorant of the transaction ; of quette, etithe whilst courtly Mary, bound by rigorous chains ing found convenient no opportunity of publicly attackill-will she cherished the her the on subject. Tet
herself

if

against her
she wrote

uncle's
to

widow

is

king
from

William.

apparent in most It is,moreover,

incident
easy
to

of the

letters
from

wholly
being
seems

'

Qneen
in

Mary,
her

whose

letter facts
mass
are

this not

is related, not
define
;

very to

spicuous per-

diction, the

but

it

imply,
of

that

in

the

Savoy
the
seen

chapel
Protestant in

was

alternately celebrated
for of her

for

Catharine
;
a

Braganza,

and

service in
some

Protestant

attendants

liberal

arrangement,

Germany

the

places of

worship

at this

day.

376

CATHARINE

OF

BEAQANZA.

Mary's
would

pen
have

that

the

incidents if related

above

are

is another In the of

appeared question.
of
a

by

the

gleaned ; royal widow

how

they

herself,

course

few

days

after

this

rine discussion, Catha-

Braganza resolved to quit England, and gave notice bark to queen preparing to emMary's ministry that she was fleet was The French instant at that for Hamburg. of England, and the govcoast hovering off the southern ernment the whole of their needed ill-appointedand neglected the to the naval invading enemy: oppose power lord not be spared, and for the queen-dowager could escort entreated to to persuade her Peversham was stay where
she
was.

The

result in
a

of

her

decisions queen

was

communicated

to

king
him
"

William
that lord
'

letter

from told

Mary,
lord

who

informs lord
of

Peversham that he had but

her the

chamberlain,
"

Nottingham, the Hamburg

it seems,
was

put
she

queen-dowager
go to Bath.' it would because
to

off

voyage,
no

chose

This,
rass embar-

less to

inconvenient,
have

Catharine then guards there. said she was she would to sojourn go to Islington." Where be at house, would Islington,unless at Canonbury an enigma to the curious in topography ; lord Marlborough, till somehowever, advised thing Mary to give no answer queen of the fleet. Two known of the success was days visited the 6th of July, Catharine afterwards, on queen

government

"

Mary
"

to take she

leave

before
she it

her

retirement
"

to

Hammersmith,
could go
to

where

meant,"

said,
would

to

stay till she

Catharine castle
or

Windsor,"
some

by which,
of in its

seem, at

retained

right

residence, either
environs. In O.

the

the
to

demesnes

queen

Mary's
mentions
to

letter

royal king
the

William,
on

dated

July
had

12th,

S., she
from of

"that

queen-dowager
his wonderful
wounded queen
on

sent

lady Arlington victory

compliment
he

her
was

deliverance his

death, when
the
her

just before Mary mentions

his
return

Boyne."
letter
to

Again
liam Wil-

Catharine
to

in

king

He England, September J^, 1690. had been beaten Limerick before by Sarsfield,and obliged raise the to siege at his departure from Ireland. Queen that she had Mary tells her husband a compliment last
"

378

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

designing
Thoulouse.
escort

to

her route pursue had XIV. sent Louis

to

of honor
to her be
own

invitation

his

pined
She
to

for

and through Normandy and an relays of horses her to his court, with conduct a pressing guest ; but the heart of the royal widow ures country, and not all the proffered pleasdivert her

of Versailles
chose to

could

from

her

first resolution.

she
met

of

territories, through the French incognito and avoid delay ; but after she entered Spain, expense the parade of royalty, being was compelled to resume the road on by a splendid train of Portuguese grandees had been the highest rank, who appointed by her royal
travel
'

brother
this

to

conduct

her

into

his

dominions.

At

the

head

of

de Sousa, councillor don Henriquez cortege was of to the court ambassador of state, who, having been known well to Catharine, and London, was queen very had de The Arrouches, who agreeable to her. marquez
noble

of her England at the time distress and peril during the persecutions for the popish other nobles, had previously plot,accompanied by seven with her awaited a numerous pany comapproach at Almeida,
also

been

on

mission

to

of attendants.
of
was

The

marquez made

de Arrouches
her

had

notice

each

day's journey
with
a :

by

majesty.'

Catharine

attacked

progress

she

fell sick
to

dangerous illness on her homeward of the erysipelasat Mataposaelos,

crown

place belonging
de of

the

of

Castile. sent to

When
the

the

quez mar-

Arrouches for
and Dr.

learned
Antonio

this,he

Coimhra

Mendes,

first

university professor of

physiciaa to the king, one of the most skilful in the profession,and ance. brought him to her assistpersons was Queen Catharine grateful to the marquez very for this kind she was attention as soon as sufficiently ; and recovered, proceeded to Almeida, and from thence continued her journey to Lisbon.' Catharine received and with the most was signal honors
medicine

enthusiastic

welcome

in

her

native

land.

She
and
on

entered

bon, Lis-

of

the vivas January 20, 1693, amidst the people. As early as nine o'clock
' '

acclamations

the
Real

morning
Portuguesa.

of

Mfimoires Ibid.

de

St. Simon. MS,

de

'

Hist.

Casa

M6moire8

Buque

de

Oadaral.

CATHARINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

379

that

day, the king her brother, attended by all his court, in state left his palace, and went her on the to meet road. each other for upwards of thirty They had not seen years, eventful with The a two period replete changes to both.
cavalcades
narrow

met

in

the

street to turn.

of

Lumiar,
Don Pedro

in

place
her
of to
:

too

for

the

coaches

paid

his sister
his

compliment of alighting from his to welcome lord and chamberlain, chief equerry, gentleman bedchamber having previously descended, he came
the door of
her

the the

coach, and,
the

with

many
he

tender

and

affectionate

words, expressed
her
had

pleasure

alighted also, and with royal brother's kindness. been exchanged between the they both entered
Catharine took in
to

arine Cathseeing her. equal warmth responded to After these loving greetings
their

felt in

majesties
of
his

on

the

ment, pavecoach the

ducted con-

king
at

queen

her the

seat

Portugal's right hand, and

Don Pedro
one

procession

advanced

usual

order.^

Catharine

the he

quinta de
had
donna the had

Alcantara,

of her

his
dence resiwas

country palaces, which

there
;

his

queen,
her of
at

prepared for Maria Sophia,

of the

who

waiting,
ceremonial her the leave

received

top

staircase

with

great demonstrations
had
; her and hand

pleasure. After the usual courtly of Portugal took taken place, the queen lord chamberlain, gentlemen of honor, and
oflScers of
their

ladies the
of

of

the

household

in

attendance,

kissed

widowed

princess,the

royal

ager dowto in
on

his
that

the

with his consort The king returned England. to take some own repose palace, leaving Catharine Entertainments her use. which he had resigned to of given in honor most magnificent acale were and

her

return,
when
in

these became

lasted better of

for

many

days.

The

two close

queens,

they

consequence

ship, frienda acquainted, formed which they agreed to dispense with of

all the neither their

rigid ceremonials
should
deem

state,
to

so

that,
the

if

they
the

met,
and in
dearing en-

it necessary to treat

leave

place ;
with

private intercourse,
to

each

other
the

familiarity of sisters,and
of

dropping
de

formal

titles
in Por-

majesty,
1

address
of the

each
Duke

other
de Cadaval

''per vos," which

Nuno,
torn.

MS.

Memoirs

li. p. 69.

380

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

tuguese is
and

tantamount

to

the

"

you

and

"

of The

the

the
these

affectionate

tutoyer of

the

French.^

English, friendship

never interrupted by any of the royal ladies was too often create a fever petty jealousiesand intrigueswhich in royal families. the connections nearest of hatred among of Braganza after her befell Catharine News of what

of

reached James II. and his Portugal sometimes One day the king said during their exile in France. queen he rejoined her in the to his consort Mary Beatrice, when drawing-room, after dinner, There are, at present, troubles that the the in king chooses Portugal, because queenin the Portuguese dowager of England shall dress herself has much grieved her, particularly as all the garb, which return to
"

her and entreated Portuguese ladies have in a petition to Portugal to join with them

the

queen

of

don

Pedro
Pedro

for
could

permission to
not for
own

dress united

in the

French

mode."

'

Don

refuse
women

this

and requisition, dresses

were

at the not sent then for

moment

tailors

(as ladies'
other to the

made
out

by
of

their

sex), and

workmen,
the

were

France,
Thus in disgrace

evidently
poor

displeasureof
in
course

the
of

king
her

of

Portugal.
twice in

Catharine,

was life,

regarding
she gave

dress.

When

she

first arrived
to the

great
; and like
to

offence

by
she

her

adherence to dress

England, garb of her

because
had she
worn

country
did
not

when
alter

returned
mode of

Portugal,
which
was a

the in

she

during her clung with

accustomed

residence

the
to

utmost see, to

England. tenacity
with,
some or

Hers
to all

mind she had

which been

that

live

endure.

Catharine,
conde that de

after

residing
on near

time
her

in the

quinta
to

de of

cantara, Althe to of

removed, Eedonda,
conde

account

of

health,
and

that

Santa
at

Martha,
Belem.

afterwards the
month of

of the

de

Aveiras,
visited

In the

February, 1699,
birth, with
'

she

Villa
much

Vi^osa,

place
; from

her

which

she

was

delighted

thence

These

curious

and

wMch mteresting particulars,

of

might
I

be sought
of

in vain
are

in
rived de-

English history, or
from and
2

inedited

previous biography any Portuguese records, for which

Esq.,
of Newcastle.

Catharine
am

Braganza,
to the

indebted

learning

liberality of J. Adamson,
Chaillot

MS,, quoted by Mackintosh.

CATHARINE

OF

BEAQANZA.

381
which
was

proceeded to the city of Evora, public entry on the 4th of May.'

she with
due

into She

she received

made there

all the
to
a

ceremonies

princess to
as
an

her been

existence the

majesty, and whom Portugal might independent nation, for

due

to

more

especially
said to
owe

be such

had

really
the beloved

result

of had

her
ever

marriage
labored
her

with
to

Charles

II.,and

good

oflSicesshe

perform

for her

father-land. to obligations

Nor
her.

were

unmindful of their countrymen Although a new generation had sprung

up

since
and

Catharine the
terror

of
of

Braganza
the fleet

became which

the
came

bride
to

of

land, Engher
to

bear

her from the

royal
the
men

husband mouth
of

drove
the

invading Tagus, yet they were

the

back

the

of Spain navy of the sons under

who of
her

had

fought
the

battles that of their

of

freedom

the

banner had she

father, and
them

knew fruits

the

English

alliance

secured came,

to

victories.

Wherever

reared for her to pass were triumphal arches tugal. under, and she was regarded as the guardian-angel of PorNor she wholly forgotten by the was loyal and in England. kind of heart Pepys, in the year 1700, makes and the following affectionate of the respectful mention widow of his deceased sovereign, in a letter to his nephew in Portugal : when
"

"

If this should
my

find
one

you of for

in

Lisbon,"
ladies I

says

he,

"

I give you
my
once

in

charge

to

wait

upon

lady Tuke,
a

the

attending

royal mistress, our

if she you my to

queen-dowager,
you Tuke
as

lady

whom the

bear

great honor

nor

should

offer

the

honor

of

kissing
the faithful

thinks
a

it proper,
most

queen's hand would presenting her majesty

*

I have

omit,

if

lady

with

profoundest duty,

becomes

subject."

It would

have

been the

pleasant

to

have
one

been
of

able her

to

give

the jects sub-

particulars of
to queen and

presentationof
in Lisbon.

former

Catharine

It is to be of
the

the

dutiflil

reverential
was

message

hoped that worthy Pepys

She

duly
had

reached
seen

her, and
of
value

appreciatedas
deceitfulness
and

it deserved.

enough
to

courtiers

guise.

Catharine
" '

ingratitude of genuine affection, though in homely the 8th of May, 1700. to Lisbon on came
the
of

MS.

Memoirs

the

Duke

de edited

Cadaval.

Pepys's Correspondence,

by lord Braybrooke.

382
The
in countess her service to their

CATHARINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

of

Fingall
since
own

and she

her left

ever

return

country, after

supplied their of them of her ladies of the own highest rank, and some like herself About all widows the lineage,but they were a new same quinta at palace,chapel, and time, she buUt she principally resided, except when her Bemposta, where desired was by the king, her brother, in his palace. presence is mentioned Catharine bassador Methuen, the British amby Paul of Lisbon, in a letter dated at the court August 15, that which a spectful friendly and re1700,' in a manner proves her intercourse was by the reprekept up with sentative
years. Catharine of your
William.

had been daughters, who desired to England, now the long absence of eight places with Portuguese

He

says:
the

"

"I first

shall not
time I

fail to wait
on

obey
the

excellency's commands Her majesty lives at queen-dowager. Id a place called Belem, three
On the death
as

present, very
miles distant

vately. prifrom

hence."

of
a

her

unfortunate of

brother-in-law,
ory, mem-

James

II.,Catharine,
ordered
her

tribute

she palace of there retained, to be hung with black, and all her servants to wear deep mourning for a year. Catharine with was again attacked erysipelas in April, her confined for a long time to her It bed. 1704, which the archduke was Charles, unfortunately at the time when who had assumed the title of Charles III. of Spain as the rival candidate with the XIY. for the grandson of Louis of that he was crown realm, in which supported by England and Lisbon. His to Portugal, came majesty often her of the health sent to inquire after by one gentlemen who delivered of his bedchamber, his message to her lady in waiting, to whom he one the great day communicated desire felt by his royal master her majesty. to see Though be more unseasonable to nothing could a lady suffering under and so than painful, dangerous, a malady disfiguring

respect to his Somerset house, which

being required
first
as

to

receive

visit

from

any

gentleman

for

introduction, especiallyone

the

sovereign
1

of

country
Methuon
to

so

claiming to be considered proverbially elaborate

earl of

in

Letter

from

Paul

the

Manchester.

CATHARINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

383

its ceremonials the duke

with and de

as

Spain, Catharine
to to

Cadaval

inform
see

waited

equal desire
to

courteously commanded his majesty, "that him, and that she left majesty."
advised
'

she the

day
on

hour the

be

fixed
of

by

his

Two duke
come

days
that to

afterwards

admiral

Castile Catholic of

the would

Sunday, April 15th,

his
then

the

king
Great

pay
were

respects

to

the

queen

Britain.

Orders

given by the secretary of state to the grandees and oflScers of the king of Portugal'shousehold, that they all assemble should in the palace of Catharine. The queen of her ladies to repair thither Portugal directed queen
also,so
was

that

the

appearance this
own

of

full for

and

splendid
royal
titular
new

court of

effected

by

arrangement

the

widow

England
between of

in her

Catharine

palace. The of Braganza

will
are

ceremonial and the

of the

meeting
monarch to

Spain is very quaint, and English reader, as the details

records, affording
which heads of the
a

be from

perfectly
inedited
of

the

Portuguese
nities solemcrowned

curious
an

picture
of don

the

minute

attended

apposition

between

royal

houses
that

Spain
Charles

and of
was

Portugal.
Austria,
a

Be
who not

it is

remembered, here styled emancipated

treated
were

withal,
his most from
with

Catholic
the the

majesty,
of

youth
He
as

yet
ever, howhe and

control
same

his tutor.

was,

formal

ceremonials

if

reigning sovereign of the Spanish The a gentleman of mature king years. for his What sent was use. personal coach
vehicle persons
is thus
was
we

the

dominions
of

Portugal's
manner

of

cannot had

who

say, but the honor

:
"

the of

arrangement

of

the

noble

accompanying
seat,
on

his

majesty

described

"

In

the

front
his

the and

the

prince de Lichtenstein,
; on

tutor,
Castile

right hand, berlain grand-chamin the

the

the left,

admiral

of

; and

left

step
The
was

or

boot

of

the

carriage,the
coaches,

prince
and

of

Darmstadt.

suite

followed

in other the

the

royal carriage
de

attended

by
usher
was

body-guard.
the
ladies of

Eodrigo
queen hall

Almeida,
of
the
were

the

gentleman
household,
second

of
at the

of the
the the

Portugal's
first and
assem-

door

passing
court
Cadaval.

apartments,
'

in which
Memoire of the

whole
de

MS.

Duke

384
bled.
at the enter.
was

CATHABINE

OF

BEAGANZA.

Andrea
door of

porter the third, with

ladies
were

Mendez,

to the orders

queen's chamber, was not to let any fidalgo

All
the

the

reason

that of of
the

an

apartment, which doubt, from etiquette,derived, no

excluded

in this third

the
as

customs

Moors,

gentlemen.
court went

As below

soon

the

king

receive

him, and

Spain arrived, accompanied

on

all the
him

to

from
account

the

coach.

The

uncovered, and king came bareheaded of Portugal were

him his had
to

that

all the
one

also.

No

queen-dowager of tutor, who, having placed a chair of black velvet, which been provided purposely for his use, at a convenient
the

chamber

of

the

grandees accompanied England save

distance the
were severe

from

the

bed, withdrew,
same

to

wait

at

the

door

of

chamber,
assembled.

in the

Queen

all the ladies apartment wherein of her Catharine, in consequence

in her bed. One

lady only, donna de Inez Antonia Tavora, the lady in waiting for the week, with the king was her, serving at the foot of the bed when he prepared to sit down, of Spain entered, and as soon as interview of their The she withdrew to the hall. majesties of what being strictlyprivate,nothing is known passed, elaborate with which the compliments beyond they met, courtesies that and the formal the were exchanged when royal visitor took his leave of the sick queen ; but as an
was indisposition,

instance

of

the

ludicrous

stress

which

was

at

that

time

trivial in the observances placed on the most Spanish and by our Portuguese courts, it is recorded authority that his Catholic most majesty departed without waiting to have removed. His his chair tutor, the prince of Lichtenstein, time in the committed breach of etiquette, for mean a his beardless which if it was blushed pupil doubtless ever his royal ear. While he was permitted to reach waiting for the of the king of Spain from return the chamber of the queen of England, he found himself privileged man! in an the full of ladies. anteroom ceiving, Peronly cavalier
"

"

however,
the

that

the

admiral

of

Castile
the

was

outside

door,
of his

his

serene

highness, feeling for

upon himself Joas
to

forlorn the that

tion posiought

friend, took

tell
"

porter of
he

queen

Catharine's

chamber,

Carneiro,

386
nobleman
of for

CATHAEDSTE

OP

BRAGANZA.

the

royal
other

service.

He

also

appointed
assistance."^

cil coun-

state, and

ministers, for her

that endowed

It sometimes
manners

happens
are

persons with

of

modest

and

suming unas-

little gives them into rine Cathapublic notice by the force of circumstances. been had of Braganza, who lampooned by Andrew other evil wits, while Marvel, Buckingham, and sort queen-conof England, till it became the fashion in her court own to regard her as a simpleton, was, in reality, possessed of considerable so ful regnal talents ; and popular and successher she swayed the delegated was government, while Pedro, that in the following sceptre of her brother, don year, 1705, during the dangerous illness of that prince, she was solemnly constituted queen-regent of Portugal.' The the French at that time with engaged in a war country was with she conducted king of Spain, Philip of Anjou, which skill and that the such liantly brilmost campaign was energy successful. Valenga de Alcantara, Albuquerque, of a few Salvaterra, and Car9a, all yielded, in the course

which

the world

shining qualities, for credit till they are brought

months,

to

the

victorious
the
most

armies
fortunate

of

donna and

Catharina, who

of proved one sovereigns.'

popular
colic,at
last to the

of

female

Catharine
on

died
of of

of

sudden

attack

of

ten

o'clock
of

night brightest year

years,
to
one

the

December

31, 1705, the

day
age

the
67

her
and all

life, having attained

six

of

month,
and

calculate, after
horizon

the

would days.* Who blighted hopes, the which

of had

have

ventured

bitter darkened

pointment disapthe

mortifications of of her Catharine would

meridian that
and
as

Braganza's
be cloudless her

existence,
and serene,
soon rived ara

the her

evening
sunset of

days glorious ? The

she

king,
her

brother, as
her

he

heard
an

her

hastened illness, breathed

at her

to

attend

; he

hour
of
state

before
to

last,and
of
event to
resume

ordered

council make which

'

assemble

palace
in the him
42.
^

Bemposta,
of her

to

the

expedient arrangements
it
Records Casa Real

death,

rendered
or

necessary
of

for
No.

the

regal
*

Provas,
Provas.

State

Portugal;

Hist.

Portuguesa.

Ibid.

Ibid.

OATHABINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

387
as

ftmctions. 14th of

Catharine

had

made which

her

will

far back constituted

as

the her very alms

February, 1699, by
don

she

had

brother, rich, she

to

Pedro,
and

her

universal all her

heir; but
monasteries
a

left

ample legaciesto

dying liberal relations,

in house for the

the

poor,

and
to

Villa

bequests to various Vigosa. She also endowed

for India.' is

Lisbon

Jesuits,
rine Catha-

bring up missionaries A singular testimony

of I shall
the
not

given
the

to

the

innocence

of

Braganza, regarding
enlarge upon queen," he says,
"

popish plot,by
and not

Oldmixon. accusation

"

Oates's
for

Bedloe's much

of

give into it, of that the to know more having occasion princess than from her common writers; for I had English physician said by that princess on bed her deathof the last words some The at Lisbon. sittingup in her bed, called to queen, she said softlyto this effect : him to support her, while in England she when she was had been That cused falselyacendeavor of an but she had never to bring in popery, favor for those of her own desired more religion than any she had was permitted her by her marriage-articles ; that interest in England ; been a never promoter of the French that the French the contrary, she was grieved to think on would do England ill oflS^ces brother's in her court fashion of the most Such is the testimony of one in Portugal.' ' furious supporters of the reality of the popish plot, and
"
"

do

'

"

the moral

truth

of

Oates's is here

and
!

Bedloe's Could
not

evidence. this

But

what
ing reason-

obhquity

historian's

him lead to the power false witness Bedloe bore whom

he knew to

be

and certainty that if Gates Catharine, against the queen also belied the innocent, they had
were

unfortunate Catharine the

who persons had chosen

their

victims

the

royal monastery
near

of
of

Belem
one

for her

place

of who

her

interment,
died had of
Casa

the

remains

of

brothers Theodosio. of this

had She

early youth, a evidently retained

in her

the

infante

don

tender she

companion
1 s 3

childhood, with
Portngiiesa.
of

whom

memory wished

Hist.

Keal

Oldmixon's Hist.
Casa

History
Real

England,

p. 618, folio.

Portnguesa.

388
to

CATHAEINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

in death repose should be removed

as

; for

she the

provided, that
convent

in

case

his

bones

to

of

St. Tieente

de

Fora,
own

the

king,

should

father, had arranged in his will,her have with be removed them, and sepulture in
her of
that

the

chapel principal
The the
Do

monastery.
of

obsequies of Catharine
where

Braganza

commenced the

in

palace of Bemposta,
corpo

she

died, with

office of

de don Antonio dirge, in which assisted Salvanha, bishop of Portalegre, performed pontifically, the responses.' In by six other bishops, who sang the afternoon, all the clergy and religious communities, the monks and those not privileged the attendants on even posta, to attend, were ranged in order, from the palace of Bemdos Capuextending by the street of Santo Antonio the removal chos to the Eocis, even to Bsperanca, to await the funeral of the deceased lead queen's body, and cession profrom Belem." The of Catharine to Bemposta corpse in of Braganza was eoffln or bier, according an placed open aU was of her to the custom ready for country, and when

presente,or

the

the

commencement

of

the

rites,Manuel
office his of

de

Vasconcellos groom
of de the

Sousa, who
chamber

performed
absence
old

the
of

chief

in the

brother, the
faithful
so

conde

Castelthe

melhor,

Catharine's covered

and

friend, removed
the
was

pall which
dead
was

the

body,

that

face then

of

the

royal
with

exposed to great solemnity, and

rank, all of them

view. borne

The

bier

raised of the

by eight grandees
of to

highest
so

councillors

state, to

the

and litter,

conveyed,
retinue,
The
same

with
the

great pomp,
whole persons who
in it

Belem,
of the

attended her

by
bier The the

all her brother.

on

and

court

noble

took litter,

it off at

Belem,
met of the

king had placed the the church-yard.

to

the

hood brother-

of Misericordia
of the

there, according
of

practice

sovereigns Portugal.' The funeral rites of Catharine of Braganza were performed with less grandeur and solemnity than if she had been no The a reigning monarch. king her brother was prevented by a violent attack of his constitutional ing malady from assistat her obsequies ; but his eldest son, the prince of Brazil,
'

interment

Hist.

Casa

Real

Portuguesa.

'

Ibid.

"

Ibid.

CATHARINE

OP

BRAQANZA.

389

and

the

infantes of

don

Francisco
to

and

don

Antonio, attended

sprinkle the holy water before the bier was lifted,and accompanied it till it was placed litter: the the rigor of royal etiquette in Portugal on As a permitted no more. testimony of respect, all public and amusements business were suspended for eight days ;
at the

palace

Bemposta

the

court

and

its attendants

mourned
were

year,
to

and do

the
the

isters minsame.

and Catharine

their
was

families

ordered

in Portugal, where her greatly lamented is held in the highest veneration to the present day. name Her virtues and the events of her life were celebrated by the of de Azevedo learned Tojal,in an heroic poem poet, Pedro twelve Inglateraillustrada. cantos, entitled Carlos Beduzido

Catharine

survived

her

faithless
:

consort,
devoted said St. he
that

Charles
to his
ory mem-

II.,

nearly one-and-twenty years It in spiteof his faults.

one

she

was

has

been of

she

allowed
2000Z.
a

of
out

his of

natural her
own

sons,

the

duke ;

Alban's,
held
an

year her

income

perhaps
the of

oflSce in all her She

was
siderable con-

household,' for she

in
to

continued
the of her

salaries death.

of

servants

England
do

to

day

her

well

able

this

out in

royal jointure,having
The earl of Catharine's her
to

demesnes
was

Portugal.
of

Peversham

the he

accredited did her

not

manager accompany

affairs in She

land; Engalso

Portugal.
her

appointed
one

old lord
trustees.

chamberlain, the earl of Chesterfield,

So

of and

her

great
after

was

respect
him her
as

for the

that

tried

faithfiil servant, that of her Lord notices will

she the

named

cipal prinnotes
:
"

executor

king
his

brother, but

he for
"

did

not

act. thus

Chesterfield, in
the

autograph
mistress
in

1706,
This did
is
me

death
to

of

his

royal

year

queen

Catharine, widow
to make
me

king Charles
and and
me

II., died king

of
me

Portugal,
in gal Portumanded com-

and

the honor

her

chief or first,

executor,
the

which

distinguishedfrom
his ambassador

the
to
come

other
to
as a

executors;
my house

Portugal
with
the

acquaint
his

honor

that
of and

her

majesty had choice;

and
to

done show

me,
me

also to let
letter from that

know
his

majesty's approbation
full done

her

majesty, formerly
lord

of compliments
her

acknowledgments
the time
that

for the I had

service the

I had of

majesty,
to her

during

honor

being

chamberlain

majesty."
'

Dangeau.

390

CATHARINE

OF

BRAGANZA.

His letter

lordship
in

wrote

to

the
"

ambaBsador that
him

complimentary
sensible of
of her the of the

French,

stating
had
in

he
in him to him

was

very

honor
the and in queen

his

majesty
had it made

done

approving
as one

choice

naming
been
to

executors,

that

would he been of

have able the but

the
the most

greatest

pleasure principal cesses prin-

life, had
to in

perform
and

duty

of

executor

one

greatest
the
him

illustrious

the

world

gout,
from

and

the
in

other
that in in Anne. the

infirmities

of

old

age,

would
of of

prevent

acting
for

capacity." liturgy reigns

of
of

'

Catharine

Braganza England,
and
as

was

prayed

the James

church

queen-dowager,
and queen

the

II.,

William

Mary,

Introductory

Memoir

to

lord

Chesterfield's

Letters.

LIST

OF

ILLUSTRATIONS

l^OWME

X
PAGE

HENRIETTA

MARIA
FOR

Fronts.
...

DEATH-WARRANT

THE

EXECUTION

OF

CHARLES

I
. .

56
I
.

SILVER

ALARUM

CLOCK-WATCHES

OWNED

BY

CHARLES

160
2o8

CATHARINE

OF

BRAGANZA
.

NELL

GWYN

264
.

CHARLES

II
.

336
........
.

391