Major Building Codes for Design of Post Post-Tensioned Buildings

Major Building Codes and Reports Covered

International Building Code

( (IBC 2009) ) ACI-318 2011 ASCE -07

European Code (EC2 EN2002)

Numerous Post-Tensioning
Institute Reports (PTI USA)

Concrete Society Report (TR43)

D Bij Dr Bijan O Aalami A l i
Professor Emeritus,
San Francisco State University Principal, ADAPT Corporation

www.adaptsoft.com

Major Building Codes for Design of Post-Tensioned Floors 1 Materials

Building Codes Supplemental Literature

Characteristic strength Design strength Modulus of Elasticity

IBC
ACI 318-11 Requirements for Design
of Concrete Floor Systems y

EC2
European Coe Requirements for
Design of Concrete Floors Floors, Including Post-Tensioning Serviceability of Post-Tensioned M b Members B Based d on E European C Code d

Common Requirements PostPost -Tensioning Design Design g or evaluate the adequacy of the structure for the following conditions

POSTPOST -TENSIONING IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SERVICE CONDITION Crack control Limitation on representative p

hypothetical tensile stresses Minimum bonded reinforcement Crack mitigation schemes detailing for restraint of supports Tendon and rebar arrangement Deflection control Span to deflection ratio Limitation on concrete compressive stress Allowance for creep Durability Cover to tendon Use of special hardware Fire resistivity Cover to tendon Vibrations Limitation on span to depth ratio

Service Condition Strength Condition Initial (transfer of prestressing)

POSTPOST -TENSIONING IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION STRENGTH (SAFETY) CONDITION OVERALL Design capacity greater than design moment (Capacity to be greater than demand) Minimum bonded reinforcement for ductility
SLAB d

POSITION OF REINFORCEMENT TO RESIST COLUMN MOMENT

REBAR STRIP h 1.5d 5d COLUMN 1.5h 1.5h REBAR STRIP

5d DROP 1.5d

(a) SLAB WITH DROP

(b) FLAT PLATE

Design capacity greater than Cracking Moment (applicable to most cases) Safe transfer of column moment to slab Follow code prescription for tendon and rebar detailing arrangement (not column strip/middle strip) LOCAL Force transfer at anchorage (bursting steel) Detailing to avoid blow out of concrete
DESIGN STRIP REBAR STRIP

SLAB

FRAME DIRECTION
COLUMN

( ) VIEW OF A SLAB JOINT (c)

Position the reinforcement within the narrow band identified as rebar strip p

POSTPOST -TENSIONING IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION INITIAL (TRANSFER) CONDITION At time of stressing,

Load Combinations

Service Condition
Total Load (frequent) Typically 1.0D + 1.0L + 1.0 PT
Used to check tension and compression stresses in concrete

Tendon has its maximum force; concrete is at its weakest strength; and li l live load dt to counteract t t prestressing t i i is absent b t

Hence the member is likely to experience stresses more severe than when in service

Sustained Load (quasi permanent) Code requirement for crack and creep control at initial condition

1.0D + K*L + 1.0 PT

K is less than 1 Primarily to check compression stresses in concrete Deflection D fl ti in i service i condition diti

Add rebar when representative (hypothetical) tension stresses exceed a threshold Do not exceed representative hypothetical compressive stresses

Load Combinations

POSTPOST -TENSIONING IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

Strength (safety) condition

Factored combinations of:

Safety factor for strength

Different code specified p applied pp loads Either

Dead (1.2 to 1.4) Live (1.3 to 1.6) Hyperstatic (Secondary) (S ) due

prestressing with factor 1

to

Reliability in the properties of the

material used (most building codes) concrete (typically 0.65) nonprestressed steel (0.85 0.95) prestressing steel (0.85)

Initial (transfer) condition

Factored combinations of:

OR

Selfweight (1.0) Prestressing (1.15)

Reliability in the analysis procedure

(US building codes) bending 0.90 shear 0.75 0 75 axial 0.70

Design for Strength Ductility Requirements of All Codes

COMPRESSION REBAR a MAX PRESTRESSING REQUIRED TENSILE REBAR (1) PRESTRESSING ADEQUATE (2) PRESTRESSING PLUS TENSION REBAR MAX TENSILE REBAR

PostPost -Tensioned Members Serviceability Check According to EC2EC2-EN 2002

One-way & Two-way Systems Frequent load combination DL+0.5LL+PT Select allowable stresses Concrete Steel
Compression 0.60 fck (7.2)

REBAR TO BALANCE FORCE OF COMPRESSION REBAR (3)

PT

Tension, fct,eff (7.3.2(4)) 0.8fyk (7.2) 0.75fyk (7.2)

Calculate design values

PRESTRESSING AND TENSION REBAR NOT ADEQUATE

Compare with hypothetical values

Calculate hypothetical stresses

Modify

Yes

Is PT stress OK ?

No

Serviceability fails

REQUIRED COMPRESSION REBAR a MAX a MAX EXCESSIVE PRESTRESSING a MAX MAX COMPRESSION REBAR

REBAR TO BALANCE ADDED TENSILE REBAR

Is steel stress OK ?

No

Yes

Is conc. compression stress OK ?

No

(4) OVERREINFORCED, DESIGN BASED ON COMPRESSION ZONE

(5) PRESTRESSING AND COMPRESSION REBAR

(6) PRESTRESSING AND COMPRESSION REBAR NOT ADEQUATE

Yes Is conc.tension stress OK ? No Go to (A)

Yes

Limit depth of compression zone

Provide Min. As ( 9.2.1.1,9.3.1.1)

Go to (B)

* EN 1992-1-1:2004(E). section 7.2

(A)
Coming from flow-chart EC2-EN-2002 Calculate Min. overall As (Asmin) ( 9.2.1.1,9.3.1.1)

EC2EC2 -EN 2002

Calculate Max. overall As (Asmin) ( 9.2.1.1,9.3.1.1) Calculate min.crack control reinforcement based on system.

(B)
Ffrom flow chart flow-chart EC2-EN-2002

EC2EC2 -EN 2002

System? y

Quasi load combination DL+0 3LL+PT DL+0.3LL+PT

Bonded 7.3.2(3) Ascrack

Unbonded 7.3.2(2) Ascrack

Select allowable stresses Concrete Compression Tension, 0 45 fck (7.2) 0.45 (7 2) fct,eff fct eff (7.3.2(4)) (7 3 2(4)) Compare with hypothetical values

Calculate hypothetical stresses

Determine "Computed" crack width (EC2-7.3.4)

Select allowable crack-width Table 7.1N

Yes

Exceeds allowable?

No

Yes

Is conc. compression stress OK ?

No

Modify computed deflection for non-linear creep

Limit crack width by adding rebar(Eqn. 7.8 & 7.9) or, limit max.spacing or diameter (table 7.2N or 7.3N)

Ascrack > Asmin ?

No

Provide Asmin

Yes
Yes

Is conc. tension stressOK ?

No
Provide As,crack Return

Go to ( A)

Provide Min. As ( 9.2.1.1,9.3.1.1)

Serviceabilty OK Exit

IBC 2009; ACI 318-11 Service Condition

Service Condition

Design is based on the

classification of members into the g classes following

Deflection calculation
For Class U, use gross-section For Class T T, use bilinear moment
properties, or Ie For class C, use cracked section properties or bilinear moment properties, moment, or Ie

Class U (uncracked)
ft < <= 7.5 7 5 f fc c ; (0.625 (0 625 f fc) c)

Class T (transition)
7.5 7 5 f fc c < ft <=12 f fc c (0.625 fc < ft <=1.0 fc )

Two-way systems shall be

g as Class U designed Stresses are calculated using
uncracked section

Class C (cracked)
ft > 12 fc (ft > 1.0 fc )
ft = tensile stress under sustained service load condition Values in parenthesis refer to SI units (N, (N mm)

One-way systems may be designed

as Class U, T or C Stress calculation

For class U and T, calculate stresses using

uncracked section (gross cross-sectional properties) For Class C C, use cracked section for stress calculation; control crack width and check for skin rebar

IBC 2009; ACI ACI-318 Load Combinations for Strength Check

D L E W Hyp = Dead Loads = Live Loads = Earthquake Effects = Wind Effects = Hyperstatic Effects Due to Prestressing

IBC and ACI 318s Other Considerations Crack Width Control and Rebar Spacing Based on Detailing not Crack Width Calculation

Dead and Live

U = 1.4D + 1.0 Hyp U = 1.2D + 1.6L + 1.0 Hyp

D d Live Dead, Li and d Wind Wi d

(9-1) (9-2)

U = 1.2D + 1.6Lr+ 0.8W + 1.0 Hyp U = 1.2D + 1.0L + 1.6W + 1.0 Hyp U = 0.9D + 1.6W + 1.0 Hyp
Dead, Live and Earthquake

(9-3) (9-4) (9-6) (9 6)

For Class C flexural members rebar requirement and spacing shall meet the crack width control provisions of nonprestressed members ( section 10.6.4) modified for prestressing (section 18.4.4.1)

U = 1.2D + 1.0L+ 1.0E + 1.0Hyp U=0 0.9D 9D + 1 1.0E 0E + 1.0Hyp 1 0H

(9-5) (9-7) (9 7)

Strength Reduction Factor for Bending and Compression

c= dt = depth of compression zone distance of extreme compression p fiber to the extreme tension reinforcement

ST TRENGTH REDUCTIO ON FACTOR R

0.9

Thank you for listening.

0.65 0 0.375 c/d t 0.600