TR-5-02E Rev A 100709 PDF

TEKNISKA RIKTLINJ ER 2010-07-09 TR 5-02E REV A
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ENHET, VERKSAMHETSOMRDE VR BETECKNING
Ntteknik, NT TR 5-02E
DATUM
2010-07-09
TEKNISK RIKTLINJ E
REVISION
A

Foundations
for transmission lines

Introduction
This document in English shall be regarded as a translation of the corresponding guidelines
in Swedish. The aim of the translation is to provide support to foreign manufacturers. The
wording in Swedish and the interpretation thereof shall govern contract and legal relations
between the parties of the purchasing process.

These guidelines describe the requirements on foundations and cover design and
inspection. The guidelines intend to guarantee satisfactory performance of foundations
during the lifetime of the overhead line and shall be used at purchasing of foundations.

Revision ndringsnot Datum
A Revidering av standarder och ny mall 10-07-09

TEKNISK RIKTLINJ E 2010-07-09 TR 5-02E

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List of contents
2.1 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................ 5
2.2 SCOPE.....................................................................................................................8
2.3 DEFINITIONS........................................................................................................8
2.4 DESCRIPTION....................................................................................................... 9
2.4.1 General....................................................................................................... 9
2.4.2 Foundations for steel supports.................................................................. 9
2.4.3 Foundations for Concrete supports .......................................................... 9
2.4.4 Foundations for Wooden supports ........................................................... 9
2.5 REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................ 10
2.5.1 Material ................................................................................................... 10
2.5.1.1 Steel............................................................................................ 10
2.5.1.2 Wood.......................................................................................... 10
2.5.1.3 Concrete......................................................................................11
2.5.2 Design ...................................................................................................... 12
2.5.2.1 General ...................................................................................... 12
2.5.2.2 Grillage foundation................................................................... 14
2.5.2.3 Concrete foundation.................................................................. 14
2.5.2.4 Pile foundation .......................................................................... 14
2.5.2.5 Stay anchor ............................................................................... 15
2.5.3 Loading parameters................................................................................ 15
2.5.4 Workmanship and material details........................................................ 15
2.5.4.1 Steel............................................................................................ 15
2.5.4.2 Concrete..................................................................................... 16
2.5.5 Documentation ........................................................................................ 18
2.5.5.1 Drawings and calculations....................................................... 18
2.6 CONSTRUCTION................................................................................................. 19

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2.6.1 General..................................................................................................... 19
2.6.2 Cast in-situ concrete foundations ........................................................... 19
2.6.2.1 General ...................................................................................... 19
2.6.2.2 Foundations in soil .................................................................... 21
2.6.2.3 Anchored foundations on rock.................................................. 21
2.6.2.4 Foundations in loose soils pile foundations .......................... 22
2.6.3 PRE-CAST CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS................................. 22
2.6.4 Grillage foundations................................................................................ 22
2.6.5 Tube foundations..................................................................................... 23
2.6.6 Stay anchors ............................................................................................ 23
2.7 TESTS ................................................................................................................... 23
2.7.1 General..................................................................................................... 23
2.7.2 Concrete foundations .............................................................................. 23
2.7.3 Stay anchors ............................................................................................ 23
2.8 CERTIFICATE OF DELIVERY............................................................................. 24
2.8.1 General..................................................................................................... 24
2.8.2 Quality documentation............................................................................ 24
2.8.2.1 Certificate .................................................................................. 24
2.8.2.2 Deviation report ........................................................................ 24
2.8.2.3 Separate reports and inspection companies............................ 24
APPENDICES................................................................................................................. 26
Appendix A CONTROL STRAND FOR TESTING OF POSSIBLE
CORROSION ATTACK ON STEEL BURIED
UNDERGROUND...................................................................... 26


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2.1 REFERENCES
Note that standards, regulations etc. which are referred to in these
guidelines are subject to continuous change and can be withdrawn,
revised or replaced. The contractor shall immediately inform the
client of such changes
SvK TR 5-03 Supports
Anlggnings AMA 98
Allmnna material- och arbetsbeskrivningar fr
anlggningsarbeten. (General material and work
descriptions for civil construction works.)
BBK04 Boverkets handbok om betongkonstruktioner
(National Board of Housing, Building and
Planning, Concrete Design Manual)
BKR Boverkets Konstruktionsregler (National Board
of Housing, Building and Planning, Design
Regulations)
EBR handbook "UNDERHLL LEDNINGAR 0,4 420 kV"
(OVERHEAD LINES MAINTENANCE 0,4 - 420
kV)
Hus AMA 98 Allmnna material- och arbetsbeskrivningar fr
husbyggnadsarbeten. (General material and work
descriptions for house building works)
NTR Dokument nr 1: 1998
Nordiska trskyddsklasser. Del 1: Furu och andra
lttimpregnerbara barrtrslag. (Wood durability
classes. : Part 1: Pine and other permeable
softwoods.)
SGI handbook "Plgrundlggning" (Pile foundations)
SS 13 70 03 Betong - Anvndning av EN 206-1 i Sverige
(Concrete - Application of EN 206-1 in Sweden)
SS 21 18 45 Armeringsnt Ns 500 och Nps 500 (Steel fabric
Ns 500 and Nps 500 concrete reinforcement)

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SS 81 20 01 Betongelement - Kantutformning (Precast
concrete products - Edges on concrete elements -
Dimensions)
SS 424 11 50 Material fr luftledningar-Stagskruvar (Overhead
line material - Stay tighteners)
SS-EN 10025-2 Hot rolled products of structural steels - Part 2:
Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy
structural steels Steel S275JR
SS-EN 10025-3 Hot-rolled products of structural steels - Part 3:
Technical delivery conditions for
normalized/normalized rolled weldable fine
grain structural steels Steel S355N
SS-EN 50341 Overhead electrical lines exceeding AC 45 kV
EN 206-1 Concrete - Part 1: Specification, performance,
production and conformity
EN ISO 4753 Fasteners - Ends of parts with external ISO
metric screw thread (ISO 4753:1999)
EN ISO 9001 Quality management systems - Requirements.
ENV 10080 Steel for the reinforcement of concrete -
Weldable ribbed reinforcing steel B500 -
Technical delivery conditions for bars, coils and
welded fabric.
EN 10204 Metallic products - Types of inspection
documents
EN ISO 10684 Fasteners - Hot dip galvanized coatings
EN 12794 Precast concrete products - Foundation piles
ISO 216 Writing paper and certain classes of printed
matter - Trimmed sizes - A and B series
ISO 724 ISO general-purpose metric screw threads - Basic
dimensions
ISO 965-4 ISO general purpose metric screw threads -
Tolerances - Part 4: Limits of sizes for hot-dip
galvanized external screw threads to mate with

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internal screw threads tapped with tolerance
position H or G after galvanizing


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2.2 SCOPE
These guidelines are applicable to foundations for wood, steel and concrete structures.
The term "foundations" shall be taken to include stay anchors.
The relevant sections of SvK TR 5-03 are applicable for design, manufacture and
documentation of steel foundations.
2.3 DEFINITIONS
Technical terms and definitions used in these guidelines:
Grillage foundation
Foundation consisting of sleepers and a steel framework or sleepers and steel beams to
transfer loads from the support to the ground. The sleepers can be made of concrete or
wood.
Foundation framework
Framework comprising steel angle sections, designed for the purpose of transferring
loads from the support to the ground, installed on sleepers, or anchored in rock by
anchor bolts.
Rock anchor
Anchor bolts drilled and secured into rock designed for the purpose of transferring
loads from the foundation.
Holding down bolt
Bolt between the structure footing and the foundation designed for the purpose of
anchoring the structure to the foundation
Moment foundation
Foundation principally subjected to bending moments.
Uplift foundation
Foundation principally subjected to uplift loads.
Compression foundation
Foundation principally subjected to compression loads.
Cast in-situ foundation
Foundations cast in-situ at the structure location.
Pre-cast foundation
Foundation produced in a factory approved for the manufacture of concrete elements
and transported to the structure location.

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Stay anchor
Anchor in soil or rock designed for the purpose of transferring stay loads.
Pile foundation
Foundation in soft soil designed for the purpose of transferring loads to the ground by
means of piles.

Piles to firm bottom End bearing piles
Piles to firm bottom. End bearing piles

Piles to certain depth for
load to be transferred by
friction Friction piles

Piles to certain depth for
load to be transferred by
cohesion. Cohesion piles

Sheet foundation
Foundation in soft soil where the load is transferred to the ground by timbered sheet
walls.
Tube foundation
Foundation in soft soil where the load is transferred to the ground by concrete tubes.
The concrete tube can either be cast in one piece or be made of jointed rings.
2.4 DESCRIPTION
2.4.1 General
Foundations and stay anchors with exposed steelwork buried underground shall be
fitted with corrosion control wire in accordance with appendix A.
2.4.2 Foundations for steel supports
Steel supports shall be located on steel foundation frameworks attached to sleepers or
on to rock, on steel beams attached to sleepers, or on pre-cast / cast in-situ concrete
foundations. Only steel or concrete piles may be used, timbered sheet foundations are
not permitted.
2.4.3 Foundations for Concrete supports
Concrete poles can be founded by embedding a part of the pole in the soil. Concrete
poles can also be founded in pipes or on concrete foundations. In soft soil concrete
structures shall be founded on concrete foundations with piles anchored in the
foundation pad.
2.4.4 Foundations for Wooden supports
Wooden poles shall be founded according to Swedish Standard SS-EN
50341:8.5.3/SE.1.1.

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In soft soil wooden poles shall be founded in tubes, on piles or alternatively timbered
sheet foundations.
2.5 REQUIREMENTS
2.5.1 Material
Unless otherwise specified, all material delivered shall correspond to the latest
available edition of the appropriate Swedish standard and Code of Practice or
alternatively foreign standards that the client deems to be equivalent or superior.
If no standard is applicable, all materials and workmanship shall be of the best quality
and detailed information shall be submitted to the client for approval.

If the standard to be followed is not written in Swedish or English the supplier shall
submit a translated copy in Swedish or English to the client.
The supplier shall inform the client timeously regarding the applicable standards for
the materials to be supplied.

The materials shall be inspected and tested to verify compliance with the applicable
specifications or standards.
2.5.1.1 Steel
2.5.1.1.1 Reinforcing steel
Reinforcing steel for concrete foundations shall comply with the requirements of the
relevant Swedish standard with only steel of weldable quality being allowed.
2.5.1.1.2. Holding down bolts, including nut and washer
Holding down bolts shall be made of grade S355N or B500 steel.
For hot-dip galvanising refer to 2.5.4.1.2.
Washers for holding down bolts shall be made of grade S275JR steel galvanised to give
a zinc coating of 650 g/m
2
(95 m).
Nuts for holding down bolts shall be hot-dip galvanised and made of grade 8.8 steel.
2.5.1.1.3 Adjustable anchor clamps
Adjustable anchor clamps shall be manufactured in accordance with Swedish Standard
SS 424 11 50. However they may deviate from SS 424 11 50 in two respects. Firstly they
may be of the straight wedge design and secondly they may be designed for staywires
larger than specified in Swedish Standard SS 424 11 50. However the relevant
requirements of Swedish Standard SS 424 11 50 shall still apply in these cases.
2.5.1.1.4 Steel piles
A certificate of compliance shall be submitted if requested by the client.
2.5.1.2 Wood
2.5.1.2.1 For grillage foundation
Sleepers for foundations shall be made of pine and impregnated to class A in
accordance with NTR Dokument nr 1:1998.
Wood for sleepers shall be fresh, firm and in good condition and may not contain
typical compression wood or cross grain. Spiral grain shall not exceed a slope of 1:7.
Furthermore the wood shall be free from log blue, storage blue, decay, insect holes,

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rotten knot, water-wood or harmful weakening defects such as big star and ring
shakes.
Minor superficial blue stain and water stain which do not have a detrimental effect on
the serviceability of the sleeper are however permitted.
The maximum diameter of knots shall be less than 40% of the sleeper width.
The sleepers shall be thoroughly cleaned of bark and phloem. They shall also be
accurately sawn with smooth parallel surfaces and the ends cut square to the
longitudinal axis of the sleeper.
2.5.1.2.2 For timbered sheet foundations
Pine planks, strength class T30, are to be used for timbered sheet foundations and
impregnated in accordance with Class A of NTR Dokument nr 1:1998.
2.5.1.2.3 For wooden piles
Pine piles are to be used impregnated in accordance with Class A of NTR Dokument nr
1:1998.

Material is to conform to the requirements of BKR Boverkets konstruktionsregler 4:4.
2.5.1.2.4 Environmental consideration
The use of impregnated wood is to be avoided in construction or reconstruction
activities. This has particular application to areas with special environmental or nature
conservation considerations. The contractor shall obtain clarity in this respect from
the Client prior to finalising the material to be used.
2.5.1.3 Concrete
The publication BBK04, Boverkets handbok om betong konstruktioner, is to be
followed for concrete works unless stated otherwise.
2.5.1.3.1 Cast in-situ foundations
Concrete shall be of a minimum standard equivalent to K30, waterproof, air content in
accordance with BBK 94 table 7.3.2.1a, quality class I and moderate aggressive
environment according to BBK 94 clause 7.3.2.

Concrete shall be manufactured by factories associated to KRB.
Concrete shall:

Be of minimum compression strength class C25/30.
Be composed in accordance with Swedish Standard SS 13 70 03:5.3.3 to resist water
ingress.

Possess air content in accordance with table 5.3.2.b of Swedish Standard SS 13 70 03
to withstand frost erosion.

Be of execution class 1 in accordance with BBK 04
Fulfil the requirements of exposure class XF 3 in accordance with EN 206-1.

2.5.1.3.2 Pre-cast factory manufactured foundations
Concrete shall:
Be of minimum compression strength class C25/30.
Be composed in accordance with Swedish Standard SS 13 70 03:5.3.3 to resist water
ingress.

Possess air content in accordance with table 5.3.2.b of Swedish Standard SS 13 70 03
to withstand frost erosion.

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Be of execution class 1 in accordance with BBK 04
Fulfil the requirements of exposure class XF 3 in accordance with EN 206-1.
Concrete shall be manufactured by factories associated to KRB.
2.5.1.3.3 Concrete piles
Concrete piles shall conform to the requirements of classes "1" and "AD1" in
accordance with EN 12794.
2.5.1.3.4 For rock anchoring
For grouting a cement / water mixture shall be used with a water cement ratio of 0.27 -
0.28. If an alternative grout is to be used it shall be approved by the client.
2.5.1.3.5 Base plates
Grouting of base plates is to be performed with expanding grout with a minimum
thickness of 20 mm. The grout shall have a standard certificate of approval issued by
the National Housing Board (Boverket).
2.5.1.3.6 Concrete sleepers
Concrete sleepers shall conform to the requirements of clause 2.5.1.3.2.
2.5.1.3.7 Concrete tubes
Concrete tubes shall be reinforced and manufactured in a factory that is approved by
the Kontrollrdet fr Betongvaror (KRB) (Control council for concrete products)
2.5.2 Design
2.5.2.1 General
Design shall be performed in accordance with Swedish Standard SS-EN 50341:8.
Foundations shall be designed to withstand all the load cases which occur on the
supports.

A soil investigation shall be carried out on which the design of the foundation shall be
based. The soil investigation shall be presented in accordance with the standard forms
of SGF.

Density values of the backfill in accordance with SS-EN 50341:8.3/SE.1 can be used for
the design of the foundation. The density of backfill for foundations in peat soils can be
assumed to be a minimum of 2 kN/m
3
, unless sub-soil investigations indicate another
value.

Foundations shall be founded at a minimum depth in accordance with Swedish
Standard SS-EN 50341:8.2/SE.1.1 "Frost proof depth". The foundation depth may be
reduced if ground insulation is used under the pad and if so this shall be stated on the
drawings. The amount of depth reduction shall be verified by calculations which are to
be approved by the client.

The required resistance for overturning is given in Swedish Standard SS-EN
50341:8.5.2/SE.4.

Moment foundations are to be designed in accordance with a method accepted in
Sweden where lateral earth pressure, substratum, overturning and horizontal
movement are considered. The supplier is obliged to present the method to be used.
The required resistance for uplift is given in Swedish Standard SS-EN
50341:8.5.2/SE.4.


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Foundations that are subject to uplift loads shall be designed for the weight of the soil
and the concrete.

Uplift load x safety to uprooting = Weight of soil + weight of concrete.
The weight of soil is to be calculated using the volume that is defined in Swedish
Standard SS-EN 50341:8.5.2/SE.2.

Steel anchor bars for uplift foundations or stay anchors on rock are to be designed
such that the embedded length in rock is equivalent to the weight of the frustum of a
pyramid with a 45 frustum angle in solid rock or 30 in soft rock.
Uplift load x safety to uprooting = Weight of rock.
The density for solid rock shall be assumed as 26 kN/m
3

If a shorter embedded length is achieved as a result of the adoption of an alternative
design philosophy, which does not conform with the above, the anchor shall be tested
in accordance with clause 2.7.3.
Compression foundations in cohesive soils are to be designed in accordance with the
formula below.
+ + + = D C V H L B B D Q u
till
8 . 0 ) 3 . 1 1 )( 2 . 0 1 )( 2 . 0 1 ( 5
.
Limit condition:
5 . 2 0 s s B D
and
0 . 1 0 s s L B

For
5 . 2 = B D
is
5 . 1 ) 2 . 0 1 ( = + B D

where Qtill = Allowable average vertical earth pressure (kN/m2).
D = The depth from the lowest ground surface to the bottom of the
foundation (m).
B = Width of pad (m).
L = Length of pad (m).
H = Horizontal load (kN).
V = Vertical load (kN).
Cu = Undrained shear strength of the soil (kPa).
= Density of soil over the pad (kN/m3).

Compression foundations in frictional soils are to be designed in accordance with the
formula below.
( )( )
( )( )( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ + +
+
=
V H L B B D D N
V H L B B N
Q
q
till
5 , 1 1 2 , 0 1 1 , 0 1
5 , 1 1 3 , 0 1 2
1
2
2

where Qtill= Allowable average vertical earth pressure (kN/m2).
N = Bearing capacity factor for the soil under the bottom the
foundation
Nq = Bearing capacity factor for the soil above the bottom the
foundation
Values for N and Nq are given in the graph on page 14.
D = The depth from the lowest ground surface to the bottom of the
foundation (m).
B = Width of pad (m).
L = Length of pad (m).
H = Horizontal load (kN).
V = Vertical load (kN).
1 = Density of soil over the pad (kN/m3).
2 = Density of soil under the pad to the depth of 2B (kN/m3).


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0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
1
2
5
10
20
50
100
200
300
0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0
|
d
tan|
d
Bearing capacity factor N
q
and N
N
q
N

where |
k
= characteristic value of the angle of internal friction for the soil
material

1 , 1 1 , 1
'
tan
'
tan
'
tan
= =
k
n m
k
d
|

|
|
m = Partial factor in accordance with BKR 4:31 (Boverkets
konstruktionsregler).
n = In accordance with Swedish Standard SS-EN 50341:8.2/SE.1.2
(1.1 for safety class 2)

2.5.2.2 Grillage foundation
The stability of grillage foundations is to be checked in accordance with clause 2.5.2.1.
Sleepers shall be made from wood, steel or concrete.
Grillage foundations for stay attachments shall be installed with a sleeper support
which transfers the horizontal component of the load to every sleeper. The sleeper
support shall be rigidly fixed to the foundation beams.
2.5.2.3 Concrete foundation
Stability is to be checked in accordance with clause 2.5.2.1.
Concrete and reinforcing are to be designed in accordance with Boverkets handbok
om betongkonstruktioner BBK04 and safety class 2 according to clause 1.1.1.4.
Strength is to be designed in the ultimate limit state and crack width in the
serviceability limit state. See BBK04 chapter 1.
2.5.2.4 Pile foundation
Pile foundations are to be designed in accordance with BKR Boverkets
konstruktionsregler chapter 4:313 and the Swedish Geotechnical Institute handbook
"Plgrundlggning" (Pile foundations).
The design of pile groups is to be in accordance with "Handboken Bygg" chapter
K11:22.

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2.5.2.5 Stay anchor
Stay anchors are to be designed taking into account the weight of the overlying soil and
the weight of the anchor with a minimum safety in accordance with Swedish Standard
SS-EN 50341:8.5.2/SE.2.
Tensile load (anchoring) x safety to uprooting = weight of soil + anchor.
Stay anchors in rock are to be designed on the basis of utilising as an anchor either
reinforcing steel bar B500 or fully threaded bar. Anchors are to be embedded in
accordance with clause 2.6.2.3.
2.5.3 Loading parameters
Foundations shall be designed to withstand all load cases for the supports with safety
in accordance with Swedish Standard SS-EN 50341:8 and clause 2.5.2.
2.5.4 Workmanship and material details
2.5.4.1 Steel
2.5.4.1.1 Corrosion protection steel foundations
Steel buried in soil shall be hot-dip galvanised in accordance with Swedish Standard
SS-EN 50341:7.9/SE.1. The application of vinyl tar paint shall be used to improve the
corrosion protection when steel foundations are located in particularly corrosive soils.
This shall be applied in two coatings with the first layer being dry before the second
layer is applied. Total film thickness is to be 100-150 m. The hot-dip galvanised steel
is to be washed before painting with ammonia water. Mix proportions shall be 1 part of
25% ammonia water to 10 parts of water.
2.5.4.1.2 Holding down bolts inclusive of nuts and washers
Fully threaded bars or alternatively deformed reinforcing bars B500 are to be used as
holding down bolts. The load is transferred by bond between the steel and the
concrete.
U-bolts can be used as holding down bolts. The use of other types of holding down
bolts is subject to the approval of the client.
Holding down bolts shall have undersized metric threads with the ends chamfered
such that satisfactory starting of the threads is achieved in accordance with EN ISO
4753.

Before hot-dip galvanising the diameter of the threads shall conform to the
requirements of ISO 965-4.

Hot-dip galvanising
The basic dimensions of the threads in accordance with ISO 724 are not to be
exceeded after the specified length has been hot-dip galvanised.
The minimum zinc coating on holding down bolts shall conform to the requirements of
EN ISO 10684 clauses 6.2.3 and 8.3. Acid cleaning is only to be carried out on that part
of the holding down bolt that is to be hot-dip galvanised.

Tests
Holding down bolts are to be visually inspected before and after hot-dip galvanising.
Sample testing shall include hot-dip galvanised length, bolt length and thread
dimensions.

Certificate
The supplier shall submit a test report in accordance with clause 2.2 of EN 10204.

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2.5.4.2 Concrete
2.5.4.2.1 Pre-cast foundations
Foundations are to be manufactured in accordance with boverkets handbok fr
betongkonstruktioner BBK04 and execution class I.

Testing is to be performed in accordance with BBK04 9.3.
It is the responsibility of the contractor to ensure that the supplier carries out the
manufacturing under adequate production supervision.

All visible corners are to be chamfered with an F20 three edge fillet in accordance with
SIS 81 20 01 with a width of approximately 27 mm.

Foundations are to be manufactured to meet the tolerances given in the table below.

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Dimension Basis of
measurement
(mm)

Tolerance (mm) Definition of
dimension b)
Bolt group a)
Length, width, height 20 3
Location in the horizontal
plane
25 1
Location in height 20 2
Crookedness and
inclination
Height (H) H/600, min. 10, max. 25 4, 16
a)Tolerances for bolt groups shall be stated on drawings or an instruction referred to
on a drawing.
b) In accordance with HusAMA 98

The requirements of surface roughness as below shall be fulfilled.
Permitted number of local peaks per m
2

Height
(mm)
Number
1
2
3
10
5
2

A maximum of 20 cavities (pores) per m
2
, with diameters of 5-10 mm and a maximum
depth of 5 mm, are allowed.

A certificate containing the following information shall be included in the as-built
documentation.

- Supplier
- The clients order number
- Quantity of foundations included in the consignment
- Drawing number
- Information regarding tests performed and test results.
- Date and signature of quality manager

Further manufacturing documents:

- Method of manufacture
- Lifting points
- Storage location prior to transport to site.
- Required concrete strength before lifting and transport from manufacturing
site.

Marking of foundations shall include:

- Manufacturer
- Date of manufacture
- Type (i.e. drawing number)
- Weight

The manufacturer shall be responsible for the repair of any damages incurred during
transport.

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Prefabricated concrete units with damages incurred during transport which will result
in reduced bearing capacity or durability (50 years) shall be discarded and replaced
with a new unit.
2.5.5 Documentation
All text shall be written in Swedish or English.
SI units shall be used in all documents, calculations and drawings.
A summary of documentation requirements is contained in chapter 14.
2.5.5.1 Drawings and calculations
The contractor shall prepare all drawings required for the work.
The contractor shall present the drawings in such a way that they unambiguously
specify how all details are to be made.

The contractor shall furnish the client with workshop drawings, working drawings and
calculations for review as called for in this specification or which are required to verify
compliance with the contract, or for any other reasons as requested by the client.
Drawings and calculations are subject to the clients review and approval.
The contractor shall furnish the client with copies of drawings and calculations which
the latter shall review. In this respect the contractor shall ensure that the drawings are
produced timeously to allow time for review and amendments to be made before they
are used for manufacturing or construction purposes.

Drawings prepared by the contractor, which are subject to review by the client, may
not be used for manufacturing or construction purposes before they have been
approved by the client.
The review of drawings by the client does not release the contractor from any of his
obligations in accordance with these guidelines, or from his responsibility of ensuring
that the design and drawings are correct.
All designs shall be in accordance with these guidelines and take due cognisance of the
requirements regarding manufacturing and installation etc. The contractor shall be
responsible for all designs prepared by him.
Design calculations are to be approved by the client.
The contractors obligations shall be deemed to include any additional measures, such
as more detailed inspections etc, if revealed as a necessity by the clients review
On the drawings the following shall be given, if appropriate:

- On every foundation type drawing excavation depth and dimensions of the
pad and chimney.
- Diameter, type and length of holding down bolts.
- Waterproofing, air content, together with quality, strength and environmental
classes of concrete.
- Diameters, quantity, lengths, centre to centre distances, bending radii and
concrete cover for reinforcing.
- Dimensions, lengths, types and positions of piles.
- Diameters, embedded length and positions of rock anchor steel.
- Type of concrete tubes.
- Type of ground insulation.
- Type, cross-section and lengths of sleepers.
- Steel foundation frameworks are to be presented in accordance with the
requirements given in Chapter 3, - Supports.
- Requirements for excavation, backfilling and grouting.
- Applicable regulations and security class shall be stated for concrete
foundations. Drawings for concrete foundations shall also conform to the
requirements of BBK04 clause 1.4.2.

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The type of foundation for each support is to be stated on the respective support
drawing or on a separate assembly drawing. Where required a separate foundation
plan is to be made for supports to show details of excavation and backfill.
With every drawing submission a drawing list shall be included. The list shall include
all foundation drawings together with notes indicating changes.
The size of drawings shall conform to ISO 216:

- A1 (594x841 mm)
- A2 (420x594 mm)
- A3 (297x420 mm)
- A4 (210x297 mm)

Sizes larger than A1 should be avoided.

All dimensions given on the drawings shall be in mm.

Every drawing shall have a provision in the lower right-hand corner for the clients title
and drawing number if the client so wishes. A panel for indicating the revision status
shall be included on every drawing.

The following applies for calculations:
The design calculations shall be submitted together with the factors of safety and/or
partial factors used. The output data from computer programs shall be presented in
such a way that the client can check input data and results.
SvK TR 5-03 applies for foundation frameworks.
2.6 CONSTRUCTION
2.6.1 General
It is not permitted for any support to have its foundations in soils with significantly
different characteristics. Thus one foundation may not be placed on firm soil, such as
rock, moraine or gravel, while another is placed on loose soil. In such cases the loose
soil has to be replaced or alternatively the rock blasted.
Concrete foundations are to be installed with a minimum dimension of 30 cm from
ground level to the top of the foundation.

Steel foundations and all stay anchors with steel components buried below ground
level, whether adjustable or not, are to be equipped with an inspection strand to enable
corrosion to be checked. The installation is to be done in accordance with appendix A.
2.6.2 Cast in-situ concrete foundations
2.6.2.1 General
Concrete works shall conform to quality class I in accordance with BBK 04 8.4.
Prior to dismantling formwork the concrete strength shall be a minimum of 6 MPa
At an individual support location the same type of formwork material shall be used for
all foundation parts situated above ground level.
All visible corners are to be chamfered with an F20 three edge fillet in accordance with
SIS 81 20 01 with a width of approximately 27 mm.
All other requirements regarding concrete quality and testing shall conform to BBK04.


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Foundations are to be manufactured to meet the tolerances given in the table below.

Dimension Basis of
measurement
(mm)

Tolerance (mm) Definition of
dimension b)
Bolt group a)
Length, width, height 20 3
Location in the horizontal
plane
25 1
Location in height 20 2
Crookedness and
inclination
Height (H) H/600, min. 10, max. 25 4, 16
a) Tolerances for bolt groups shall be stated on drawings or an instruction
referred to on a drawing.
b) In accordance with HusAMA 98

The distances between the foundations of an individual support shall have such
tolerances that the support can be easily assembled and will not be subjected to
stresses for which it was not designed.

The requirements of surface roughness as below shall be fulfilled.
Permitted number of local peaks per m
2

Height
(mm)
Number

1
2
3
10
5
2

A maximum of 20 cavities (pores) per m
2
, with diameters of 5-10 mm and a maximum
depth of 5 mm, are allowed.
Backfilling shall be carried out with materials that do not include topsoil, remnants of
timber or frozen soil. Within 0.5 metres from the foundation the maximum stone size
shall be 200 mm care being taken so that any such stones do not fall down and damage
the foundation.

After completion of installation and backfilling it shall be verified that the foundation
is in the correct position. Acceptable deviations in height, plane, inclination and
rotation within the same support location shall be given on drawings or on
accompanying instructions.

Grouting is to be done to the required extent. Grouting of baseplates for supports is to
be completed as soon as possible after the support has been erected. The steel
construction is to be aligned vertically by means of adjustable bolts, or wooden
wedges, which are to be removed in sequence with the grouting work. Pressure
distributing steel plates must be used to prevent damage of the foundations upper edge
when adjustable bolts are used. The thickness of the grout shall be a minimum of 20
mm. Grouting is not to be carried out when the air or the top of the foundation have a
temperature lower than +5 C. The top of the foundation concrete shall be thoroughly
moistened before the grouting is carried out. However, free water shall not exist. It is
essential that all interstices between the base plate and the concrete are completely
filled such that total contact between the plate and the grout is achieved. Spaces in
baseplates around holding down bolts shall be filled with grout. Reinforcing bars or
mesh is to be placed in the grout for thickness exceeding 50 mm or when the grout is
subject to accelerated drying.

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2.6.2.2 Foundations in soil
Foundations shall if possible be installed against original undisturbed soil.
Machine excavation may be made to a depth of 10 cm above the final foundation
depth. The remaining excavation is to be carried out by hand to ensure that the
foundation will rest on undisturbed soil.

As an alternative machine excavation can be made to a depth 10 cm below the final
foundation depth and a layer of gravel or crushed stone then applied. This layer is to
be compacted in accordance with Anlggnings AMA98 Table CE/4 Material type 2.

A suitable synthetic fibre membrane is to be laid on the bottom of the excavation for
loose soils or soils liable to flotation. The synthetic fibre membrane installed shall
conform to the usage classification of Anlggnings AMA98 appendix 4 and to the table
below.

Type of refill Minimum synthetic fibre membrane
usage class
Soil 2
Crushed materials with
granular size<250 mm
3
Crushed materials with
granular size>250 mm
4

The synthetic fibre membrane installed shall be placed in accordance with Anlggnings
AMA98 DBB.
It shall be stated on the drawings for foundations placed on fill how the fill is to be
composed and made. Fill shall conform to the requirements of Anlggnings AMA98
CEB.2. The top surface of blasted stone fill is to be sealed with well graded materials
comprising maximum granular size of 65 mm and particles with sizes between 0.06
mm and 20 mm being less than 10% by weight. Compaction is to be performed by
vibration in accordance with Anlggnings AMA98 Table CE/4 Material type 2
The dimensions of backfill and berms for uplift and moment foundations are always to
be checked to ensure that they conform to the stated dimensions.
2.6.2.3 Anchored foundations on rock
Loose materials are to be removed where foundations are located on rock with anchor
rods. The top surface is to be cleaned to rock cleaning class 1 in accordance with
Anlggnings AMA98 chapter CBC.
The rock surface is to be bench blasted if the inclination of the bed rock is more than
1:2.
Embedment lengths for anchor rods shall be stated on each respective type drawing.
Drilled hole diameters shall be 20 mm greater than the anchor rod diameter. Rock in
which joints and fissures occur is to be reinforced by means of B500 type reinforcing
bars. The reinforcing bars are to be drilled and embedded in the rock to a length such
that the rock is effectively monolithic. Alternatively the embedded length of the anchor
rods can be increased.

If there is a risk that the grout for anchoring will dissipate into joints and cracks, or
there is a continuous water flow, the hole is to be injected with grout. When the grout
has hardened the hole is to be redrilled.

Grouting shall not take place if the temperature of the rock is lower than +2 C. The
drilled hole is to be carefully cleaned of water, drill cuttings and all contaminations.
The mixing of grout for anchor rods shall take place in a Rojo-mixer, or equivalent,
and continue until the grout is thoroughly mixed and has obtained a plastic
consistency. The grout is to be inserted by means of a pump and a tremi-pipe to the

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bottom of the hole. The tremi-pipe is to be gradually withdrawn during the placing
procedure. The pumping of grout is to be done with a pump working normally. The
rock anchor grout shall conform to the requirements given in clause 2.5.1.3.4.
Anchor rods shall conform to the requirements given in clause 2.5.1.1.1 or 2.5.1.1.2.
2.6.2.4 Foundations in loose soils pile foundations
Piles shall be manufactured from concrete or steel in accordance with Swedish
standards. Piling works are to be performed in accordance with boverkets
konstruktionsregler BKR.
Piles shall be fitted with rock shoes when a sloping rock surface forms the bearing
stratum.
Piles are to protrude a minimum of 100 mm into the foundation pad. Concrete
covering reinforcing steel of concrete piles, subject to uplift loads, within the
foundation pad is to be broken out and the reinforcing steel anchored in the
foundation pad.
2.6.3 PRE-CAST CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS
Excavation and backfilling shall conform to clause 2.6.2.2.
2.6.4 Grillage foundations
Foundations shall be installed at a frostproof depth unless special precautions are
taken. The foundation depth shall therefore, with the exception of peat soil, be a
minimum of 1.5 m in soils liable to frost heave and 1.35 m in soils not liable to frost
heave (refer to Swedish Standard SS-EN 50341:8). Notwithstanding this requirement
the foundation depth shall be the minimum that is required for stability. The
foundation depth is defined as the distance from the final ground surface to the lower
edge of the sleepers. In soils extremely liable to frost heave (Gr. III according to the
National Road institute grading) the backfill shall comprise dense material which is
not liable to frost heave.
Backfilling around foundations shall be performed with due care. Stones larger than
fist size shall not come closer than 10 cm to foundation frameworks or the steelwork of
the support. The density value of the backfill shall be a minimum of what have been
used in the design of the foundation. To compensate for the initial imperfect degree of
compaction the backfill is to be made to a correspondingly higher level than the
original ground level.
The following applies to supports with more than one foundation:

- Foundations located in peat soils are to be situated on soil with
indentical properties.
- The distance from the lower edge of the sleeper to the firm
bearing stratum may not be less than 0.5 m for foundations in
loose soils with different depths to the firm bearing stratum
- The differential height between foundations from the lower edge
of the sleeper to the bearing stratum may not exceed 1.5 m.
- The distance from the lower edge of the sleeper to the firm
bearing stratum may not be less than 0.4 m for foundations in
loose soils with equal depths to the firm bearing stratum.
To avoid differential settlement the bottoms of the individual foundation excavations
shall be accurately levelled and the soil type be similar over the entire bottom surface.
Excavation and backfilling shall further conform to clause 2.6.2.

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2.6.5 Tube foundations
For tube foundations the following applies:

a) The tube backfilling is to be made to a level 100 mm below the lower edge of
the concrete or wooden pad with frictional material compacted in accordance
with Anlggnings AMA98 Table CE/4 Material type 2. Grading shall be
completed to the level of the lower edge of the pad with backfill that contains
no stones.
b) Concrete legs of any support are to be appropriately secured to the foundation
pad after which the foundations are to be filled with concrete, with a
minimum quality in accordance with C20/25, consistency class S2 in
accordance with EN 206:4.2.1 and a maximum aggregate size of 16 mm, or
with other material approved by the client.
c) Wooden legs of supports are to be secured to the concrete or wooden pad.
Thereafter the space between the leg and the inside of the tube is to be filled
with crushed stones. These shall have a diameter between 18 and 32 mm and
be compacted in layers of 300 mm thickness. Each layer shall be compacted
with a minimum of 4 passages using a 15 kg hand-ram or equivalent.

2.6.6 Stay anchors
For stay anchors founded in soil the density of the backfill shall be a minimum of 18
kN/m
3,
above the ground water table, at a normal degree of compaction. In water
logged soil the submerged density of the backfill shall be a minimum of 11 kN/m
3
(silt
and mud have in many cases a lower density).

Excavation and backfilling shall further conform to clauses 2.6.2 and 2.6.4
respectively.

Clause 2.6.2.3 is applicable for stays anchored in rock.
2.7 TESTS
2.7.1 General
Tests are to be performed in accordance with the standards that are approved by the
client. Where no standard exists all details regarding testing are to be submitted to the
client for approval. The contractor shall keep the client informed of the testing
programme to enable planned inspections to be performed and attended by the client.
2.7.2 Concrete foundations
Concrete for concrete foundations is to be tested at an official testing institute in
accordance with existing concrete regulations.
2.7.3 Stay anchors
Requirements for tensile tests are contained in clause 2.5.2.1.

A minimum quantity of 10% of stay anchors in rock shall be tensile tested. In
particular tensile testing shall be performed at locations with poor rock quality and
where Betokem or an equivalent has been used for grouting. A minimum tensile load

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of 60% of the breaking load shall be applied to anchors subject to tensile testing and
records made during testing. Tensile tests are not to be made within 28 days after
grouting nor are they to be made at temperatures lower than +5 C where Betokem or
an equivalent has been used.

The contractor shall draw up a schedule for the testing of stay anchors in rock which is
to be approved by the client.

When testing tensile loads are to be applied in line with the anchor. Should the anchor
under test pull out a new anchor shall be installed and tensile tested.
2.8 CERTIFICATE OF DELIVERY
2.8.1 General
The contractor shall undertake to prepare a quality assurance programme, in
accordance with EN ISO 9001, which is to be reviewed and approved by the client
before commencement of work.
All quality documentation related to the work being performed shall be available for
inspection by the clients representative until finalisation of the work.
2.8.2 Quality documentation
Prior to delivery from the manufacturer the contractor shall present quality
documentation to the client.
The quality documentation shall include documents in accordance with clauses 2.8.2.1
2.8.2.3.
2.8.2.1 Certificate
A certificate, duly signed by the contractors representative who is authorised to sign
such Q.A. documents, which includes:

- sufficient information for the part to be identified
- references to those standards and requirements which have been applied for
the manufacturing and inspection
- records confirming that the inspections specified have been performed and
the required results attained
-
Testing is to be in accordance with clause 2.7 and the client shall be given the
opportunity to participate in tests and inspections. A certificate of delivery will be
issued by the client if the at works inspections and tests have been found to conform to
the requirements of these guidelines in all respects. Goods forming part of foundations
and stay anchors may not be delivered to site before they have been inspected and
tested in accordance with clause 2.7.
2.8.2.2 Deviation report
Deviation reports together with every report related to major remedial works.
2.8.2.3 Separate reports and inspection companies
Certificates for investigations which require separate reports, i.e. material tests, design
and test assembly reports.

24/28
Certificates from an independent inspection company, if such a company has been
employed.

25/28
APPENDICES
Appendix A CONTROL STRAND FOR TESTING OF
POSSIBLE CORROSION ATTACK ON STEEL BURIED
UNDERGROUND
Control strands can, for new lines, be installed on every support location to estimate
the corrosiveness of the soil at each individual support location in a line and to keep
possible corrosion attacks under control.

The control strand is to be installed on every stay anchor of stayed steel supports and
on the foundation of self-supporting steel supports. For stayed wooden supports the
control strand is to be installed at the adjustable anchor bolts. The distance between
installed control strands is in no case required to be less than 5 metres.
Tensile testing of the control strand shall be accordance with EBR hand book "
Underhll ledningar 0,4 - 420 kV" and should be performed during the regular
maintenance inspection of the line.
Wooden
support

Placement of control strand for different types of supports. The control wire is only
required to be installed on one stay anchor in the case of stay anchors having a
distance of less than 5 metres between each other.

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Soft hot-dip galvanised steel strand Fe 60 wire 4.5 mm diameter.
INSTALLATION OF
CONTROL STRAND
Minimum5
turns
The strand is to be
tied loosely to the
stay rod or the main
member. It shall not
be wrapped around
the stay rod or the
main member.
Anchoring to be achieved
by installing the control
strand around an
immovable part of the
foundationa.


27/28
TENSILE TESTING OF
THE INSTALLED
CONTROL STRAND
Place sling round the support leg, or a come-along
clamp on the stay, at an appropriate height in
accordance with figure 1, 2 and 3.
Release the lock on the winch of the tensioning
device and pull out the bond.
Attach the hooks to the eye of the control strand and
the comealong clamp on the sling round the main
member or the stay.
Lock the winch and wind in the bond until the
control strand breaks or the dynamometer shows that
a load of 2.0 kN has been achieved.
Unload the tensioning device by releasing the winch.
On small staywires for wooden poles an
appropriate wedge type comealong
clamp can be used.
Fig. 1 Fig. 2
Fig. 3

1


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