Chapter 4 The Human Population and The Environment Guided Reading

1.) List the symptoms and vectors (how spread) of the following disease: H1N1 (Swine Flu): spread by interaction/ through the air. Symptoms: like a cold, unusual tiredness West Nile Virus: mosquitoes and birds. Symptoms: headache, body ache, sore throat SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome): 2.) Why are diseases that affect humans expected to increase in the future? As the human population increases, the chances of catching a disease also increase due to people being closer to each other and interacting more. 3.) Define the following: Population Dynamics: general study of population changes A Population: a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area Species: individuals that are capable of interbreeding Demography: the statistical study of human populations 4.) What are the 5 key properties of any population? Abundance; birth rates; death rates; growth rates; age structure 5.) What are the 4 phases of the human population? 1. Early period of hunter and gathers 2. Rise of agriculture 3. Industrial revolution 4. Today 6.) Define the following terms: Crude Birth Rate: the amount of births per 1000 individuals per year Crude Death Rate: the amount of deaths per 1000 individuals per year Crude Growth Rate: the net number added per 1000 individuals per year TFR (Total Fertility Rate): the average number of children expected to be born to a woman throughout child-bearing years Doubling Time (define and calculate?): time required for a population to double in size. 70/annual growth rate Life Expectancy Rate: the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live given the current mortality rates GNP Per Capita: gross national product. This includes all domestic and foreign output 7.) What is the S-shaped or Logistic Growth Curve? S-shaped represent a small population that is increasing at a rapid pace, but when it reaches its carrying capacity then the population becomes constant. 8.) Explain this equation: P2 = P1 + (B D) + (I E) 9.) Explain this equation: g = (B-D)/N or g = G/N 10.) What does an age-structure pyramid show? It shows the amount of people who are in a certain age group.

11.) Summarize (one paragraph) The Prophecy of Thomas Malthus: 12.) What is the demographic transition? 13.) What is the difference between a maximum lifetime and life expectancy? The maximum lifetime is the maximum age that an individual of a species can live to, but the life expectancy is the average number of years an individual can expect to live 14.) Which country has the highest life expectancy? Who is 2nd? Japan has the highest life expectancy. Sixteen other countries come in second. 15.) What is the life expectancy of the United States? 78 16.) Which country has the shortest life expectancy? Swaziland has the shortest life expectancy. 17.) When discussing the carrying capacity of the Earth- what are the: Short-Term Factors: affect population during the year in which they become limiting Intermediate-Term Factors: effects are apparent after one year but before ten years Long-Term Factors: effects are not apparent for ten years 18.) Explain how the carrying capacity of the Earth is a combination of science of values By knowing the carrying capacity of the Earth, people will be able to know their limits and be more aware of their actions. With the combination of science of values, they would be able to judge to see which action of theirs is beneficial for the planet or not. 19.) What is the simplest and most effective means of slowing population growth? To slow population growth, then people should delay the age of pregnancy, and use birth control. 20.) Three characteristics of a population are the birth rate, growth rate, and death rate. How has each affected by (a) modern medicine, (b) modern agriculture, and (c) modern industry? (a) Modern medicine causes birth rate to increase, death rate to decrease and the growth rate to be stable. (b) Modern agriculture causes birth rate and death rate to decrease, but the growth rate will increase. (c) Modern industry causes death and birth rate to decrease and the growth rate to remain zero. 21.) What is meant by the statement What is good for an individual is not always good for a population? Some of the things that an individual does might be beneficial to them because it is time efficient or cheaper, but that action can cause the environments quality to decrease. 22.) What environmental factors are likely to increase the chances of an outbreak of an epidemic disease? A bigger population would increase the chances of an outbreak of an epidemic disease. 23.) What is the demographic transition? When would one expect replacement-level fertility to be achieved before, during, or after the demographic transition? It is a three-stage pattern of change in birth rates and death rates. They would expect it to be achieved during the demographic transition.

24.) Based on the history of human populations in various countries, how would you expect the following to change as per capita income increased: (a) birth rates, (b) death rates, (c) average family size, and (d) age structure of the population? Explain. (a) Birth rates will decrease due to people receiving more income from their jobs. (b) Death rates will decrease due to the lack of medication (c) Average family size will decrease due to the lack of resources to take care of family (d) Age structure of the population will have less young people, not that many amount of middle aged people and a lot of elderly people.