WCDMA Coplanning 001

Noise in WCDMA system + WCDMA-GSM Co-Planning
Kari Heiska 4.4.2002
1 NOKIA WCDMA_overview.PPT/ 4.4.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa (Reproduced by permission of John Wiley & Sons Limited)
Contents
Radio Frequency Issues Noise Measurements Radio Network Planning Issues Narrowband-WCDMA Co-operation
Frequency allocations for UMTS

Frequency plans of Europe, Japan and Korea are harmonized US plan is incompatible, IMT-2000 spectrum used for the US 2G standards IMT-2000 in Europe: FDD 2x60MHz, TDD 20MHz+15MHz Note: GSM band is close to the UMTS band in uplink (Interference!)
PHS 3G MSS 3G 3G MSS
JAPAN
1893.8
GSM1800 downlink
EUROPE
3G DECT TDD 1880 1900
3G
(FDD, uplink)
MSS
1980
3G TDD 2025 2010 2110
3G
(FDD, downlink) 2170
MSS
2200
PCS
USA
A
1850
EF
A
1930
EF
MSS
MDS
MSS
1870
1895 1910
1950
1975 1990
3G ITU/RR S5.388
1885
MSS 3G
1980 2010 2025 2110
3G
MSS
2170
3 NOKIA WCDMA_overview.PPT/ 4.4.2002 Kari Heiska, TLI361-WCDMA radioverkkosuunnittelu - luentosarja Jyvaskyln yliopistossa 1900 2000 2100 (Reproduced by1800 permission of John Wiley & Sons Limited)
2200 MHz
Basic UMTS spectrum in Finland (core band )

3G TDD
3G
(FDD, uplink)
MSS
3G TDD
3G
(downlink)
MSS
1900
1920
1980 Suomen 3G
2000
2025
2110 Telia sonera
2170
Radiolinja
UL 1920 DL 2110

Table from
Each operator can use 1-3 carriers Suomen 3G has 5 MHz per channel, other have only 4.93 MHz/ channel. Well it has not much effect on performance
http://www.ficora.fi/suomi/radio/Taulukko3.htm
60 MHz UL and in DL
UL 1980 DL 2170
1920,3 - 1935,3 MHz Suomen 3G Oy. 1935,3 - 1950,1 MHz Oy Radiolinja Ab. 1950,1 - 1964,9 MHz Telia Mobile Ab:n sivuliike 1964,9 - 1979,7 MHz Sonera Oyj.
2110,3 - 2125,3 MHz Suomen 3G Oy. 2125,3 - 2140,1 MHz Oy Radiolinja Ab. 2140,1 - 2154,9 MHz Telia Mobile Ab:n sivuliike 2154,9 - 2169,7 MHz Sonera Oyj.
Radio Frequency Issues

Thermal Noise Caused by random movement of atoms in material Pn=kTB=-108.1 dBm Sensitivity = minimum needed Rx power: PRx,min=Pn+F+Eb/N0-10log10(W/R) =-108.1dBm+3dB+4dB10log10(3.84106/12.2103)=-127.1dBm Man Made Noise Interference from

Level depends on the environment and the time of day
radio transmitters like radars, mobile networks and broadcast systems Motor traffic, industrial equipments, consumer products, lighting

Interference Scenarios Total interference power at the WCDMA BS: Own cell interference from WCDMA system Other cell interference Thermal noise power from WCDMA system Adjacent channel power (own, adjacent operator, WCDMA, other system) Man made noise Harmonic distortion Intermodulation distortion (especially 3rd order IMD-products) Interference Reduction Methods RF methods (Radio Frequency)

Base-band methods (in digital domain) Installations

Interference Cancellation Antenna placement
Rx and Tx filtering Maximum out-of band emission levels have been set in system specifications Special spec. requirements for WCDMA-GSM co-siting

WCDMA Specifications are in http://www.3gpp.org WCDMA Specification documents can be found from: ftp://ftp.3gpp.org/specs/archive/ For example BS radio specifications (BS Radio Transmission and Reception (FDD)): ftp://ftp.3gpp.org/specs/archive/25_series/25.104/ If we consider the out-of-band emissions, the specs gives the emission mask:
Frequency separation f from the carrier [MHz] 2.5 2.7 3.5 7.5 fmax -15 Power density in 30kHz [dBm] 0 Power density in 1 MHz [dBm]
-20
P P= = 43 43 dBm dBm P P= = 39 39 dBm dBm
-5
-25
-10
-30
-15
-35
-20
-40
P P= = 31 31 dBm dBm
-25
Illustrative diagram of spectrum emission mask

Noise Measurements
Acceptable RF environment WCDMA spectrum has to be clear enough. Background noise above the thermal noise level decreases the coverage and capacity 1 dB average rise in BG noise decreases the cell area by 11% 11% more BSs needed to cover the same area Performance Uplink limited as shown below:
uplink coverage
80 Cell Size Reduction Cell Area Reduction 50 45 40 35 Capacity reduction (%) 30 25 20 15 10 10 5 0 -107 -106 -105 -104 -103 -102 -101 -100 Background Noise Level (dBm) -99 -98 -97 0 -107 Lav/Lmax=-10dB Lav/Lmax=-20dB Lav/Lmax=-30dB 70
downlink capacity
60 Cell Size/Area Reduction (%)
50
40
30
20
-106
-105
-104 -103 -102 -101 Background Noise Level (dBm)
-100
-99
-98
-97
Conducting Measurements in a Real Environment

Laptop for data collection (with customized software) GPIB (General Purpose Interface Bus) SA (Spectrum Analyzer) Cables to connect the antenna to the SA Adaptors and connectors LNA (Low Noise Amplifier), power source for the LNA Filter Receiving antenna
Cable Spectrum Analyzer
F = NFFilter +
FLNA 1 NFCable 1 + Att Filter Att Filter GLNA
Antenna
F2.2 dB Pmin=-104.8 dBm
Filter LNA
Directly after the antenna GPIB
Laptop
Measurement Results
The purpose of the measurements: To determine the background noise level in the UMTS-uplink band To search for and if present identify interference and its sources To look for the time behavior of the noise and identify typical patterns To assess the suitability of the location for carrying an UMTSantenna from the noise level point of view The measurements were conducted in Austria for probable locations of UMTS BS antennas during the peak traffic hours of a working day The GSM900 and 1800 were already present UMTS measurement antenna were pointed towards 4 directions The data was collected for one hour into each direction
Measurement Results
Mean Background Noise Powers -103.5 rooftop level ground level
Effect of area type

Mean Background Noise Powers -103.8 rural suburban urban
Effect of antenna location in suburban area
dBm
-104
-104.5
1920
1930
1940
1950 1960 Frequency [MHz]
1970
1980
-104.3
Effect of antenna location in urban area

m B d
Mean Background Noise Powers -102 rooftop level ground level
dBm
-102.5
-103
-104.8 1920
1930
1940
1970
1980
-103.5
-104
-104.5
1920
1930
1940
1970
1980
Measurement Results
The changes of the mean noise power within 0,5 seconds in each 5 MHzband are analyzed These graphs show that the changes of the mean noise values measured in real environment do not differ for different morphological types and match almost perfectly with the changes predicted by applying the theoretical Gaussian noise model.
Urban 0.4 0.3 PDF 0.2 0.1 0 PDF 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 Suburban
-2 0 2 Change of av. noise power (dB) Rural
-2 0 2 Change of av. noise power (dB) Theory
0.4 0.3 PDF 0.2 0.1 0 PDF -2 0 2 Change of av. noise power (dB)
0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0
-2 0 2 Change of av. noise power (dB)
RNP Issues
Typical case: Operator already has a GSM network and license for a WCDMA network. Cost reduction: using existing sites and co-locating GSM with the WCDMA The quality of the GSM network puts limits to the quality of the WCDMA network in the case of one-to-one cositing The problem areas should be identified and taking into account in the WCDMA planning process
co-planning process
Evaluate the Quality of the Existing 2G Network
Space Available for One-to-One Reuse
Assure the Coverage for All WCDMA Services
Define Traffic Distributions Rules between Systems
Define Handover Rules between Systems
Run Combined 2G and WCDMA Analysis Not Acceptable Analyse the Results Acceptable Accept Plan
RNP Issues
Site re-use Re-using the sites would decrease the site acquisition costs Antenna reduces the number of antennas needed and saves space in the mast The electrical bearing and tilting not maybe possible Isolation between co-located radios has to ensured Practical limitations in many cases Site solutions Co-locating

Co-siting
base stations share the same site but not the antenna feeders and the antennas Usually the best solution from the performance point of view because in this case we are able to install different antenna line solutions for each system These solutions might be six sector solution, mast head amplifier, etc. Co-located sites, antennas and antenna feeders Different kind of sharing situations: antenna sharing Needs additional Diplexer in order to combine WCDMA Tx and GSM Tx and WCDMA Rx and the GSM Rx The base stations can also be dual mode or triple mode
RNP Issues
One possible implementation:
Site solutions Antenna configuration
The isolation between GSM Tx and the UMTS Rx has to be >30 dB in order to avoid interference from GSM to UMTS Additional interference would decrease the coverage (and the capacity ) of the WCDMA UL If possible GSM and UMTS should be located in different antennas without line-of-sight interference
GSM1800 downlink 3G DECT TDD 1880 1900 1980
GSM Tx/Rx >2 m
UMTS Tx/Rx >2 m GSM & UMTS Rx div.
3G
(FDD, uplink)
MSS
3G TDD 2025 2010
EUROPE
(dual band antennas)

RNP issues
Traffic and Service Distribution between the systems Traffic between GSM and WCDMA can be separated according to type of service (voice, low speed, high speed data) Traffic sharing between layers: high-speed data to micro and pico cell layers, low speed data and voice to macro The handovers can be triggered with loading: If the loading is 10% the incoming voice calls will be directed into 2G system (GSM) Another possible way of separation is the priority: The user with lower priority will be directed into 2G system with lower data speeds. Coverage and Capacity When both system have coverage the traffic balancing can be done with Idle mode parameters Idle mode means the mode of the terminal which has power ON but has not the connection ON (= not in a connected mode) The idle mode mobile will be camped to a certain system if the triggers are fulfilled by using Idle mode parameters If GSM and WCDMA are co-sited the blind handover from one system to another can be utilized without going to the compressed mode
RNP issues
Coverage and Capacity The load sharing of two systems will introduce Trunking gain The following table shows the trunking gain of combined GSM WCDMA system for various bit-rates
Number of Channels Speech 64 kbps 144 kbps 384 kbps 60 10 5 2 WCDMA or EDGE 49.6 Erl 5.1 Erl 1.7 Erl 0.2 Erl WCDMA + EDGE 99.3 Erl 10.2 Erl 3.3 Erl 0.4 Erl Combined Capacity 107.4 Erl 13.2 Erl 5.1 Erl 1.1 Erl Trunking Gain 8.2% 29.7% 53.4% 145.2%
WCDMA
GSM
WCDMA&GSM
Urban area
GSM GSM GSM GSM GSM GSM GSM GSM GSM GSM
Rural area
GSM GSM
WCDMA WCDMA WCDMA WCDMA Handover GSM WCDMA for capacity extension or service optimization
WCDMA WCDMA
Handover WCDMA GSM for coverage extension
trunking gain = (7-4)/4=75% in this case
RNP issues
Joint Optimization

The 2G and WCDMA resources can be fully utilized if the network management and deployment can be jointly optimized This means that the parameters of GSM and WCDMA systems can be tuned based on the gathered performance data from both systems As an example the handover as well as the Idle mode parameters can be tuned to balance the load between the systems
Transmission planning The transmission connects the BS to BSC (in GSM) and to RNC (in WCDMA) Media can be copper wire, coaxial cable, microwave links or fiber optical line The transmission network has to be planned to fulfill the capacity demands throughput the networks life span The WCDMA-GSM co-locationing effects to the changes in transmission network: its topology, site configuration and media upgrades Transmission topologies: chain, star, tree, loop, mesh One WCDMA site with one carrier can deliver data of about 5 Mbps: three cells with about 1.5 Mbps throughput. This is addition to GSM throughput that the transmission has to carry
NB and WCDMA co-operation

The WCDMA can be also utilized also other band than the core band As an example: PCS band in US. and refarming of GSM band However, in those cases the interference scenarios are quite different and in some cases there should be guard band between WCDMA carrier and NB carriers The downlink direction is usually the limiting one
Example of capacity reduction in WCDMA in the case of DL NB interference
30
f
capacity reduction (%)
25 20 sites/km2 10.3 sites/km2 3.3 sites/km2 15
20
f
WNB
fg
WWCDMA
10
0 2.5
3.5
4.5 5 5.5 6 channel separation (MHz)
6.5
7.5
NB and WCDMA co-operation

Studies about the item:
Kari Heiska, H. Posti, P. Muszynski, P. Aikio, J. Numminen and M. Hmlinen: Capacity Reduction of WCDMA Downlink in the Presence of Interference from Adjacent Narrowband System, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology Kari Heiska, H. Posti, T. Rautiainen, and J. Numminen, WCDMA Downlink Coverage Reduction due to Adjacent Channel Interference, Wireless Personal Communications Kari Heiska, Effect of Adjacent IS-95 Network to WCDMA Uplink Capacity, Wireless Personal Communications, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology

WCDMA Coplanning 001

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

WCDMA Coplanning 001

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Noise in WCDMA system + WCDMA-GSM Co-Planning

Kari Heiska 4.4.2002

Frequency allocations for UMTS

3G DECT TDD 1880 1900

3G TDD 2025 2010 2110

Basic UMTS spectrum in Finland (core band )

2110 Telia sonera

Radio Frequency Issues

Level depends on the environment and the time of day

Radio Frequency Issues

Base-band methods (in digital domain) Installations

Radio Frequency Issues

P P= = 43 43 dBm dBm P P= = 39 39 dBm dBm

Illustrative diagram of spectrum emission mask

60 Cell Size/Area Reduction (%)

-104 -103 -102 -101 Background Noise Level (dBm)

Conducting Measurements in a Real Environment

FLNA 1 NFCable 1 + Att Filter Att Filter GLNA

F2.2 dB Pmin=-104.8 dBm

Directly after the antenna GPIB

Effect of area type

Effect of antenna location in suburban area

1950 1960 Frequency [MHz]

Effect of antenna location in urban area

Mean Background Noise Powers -102 rooftop level ground level

1950 1960 Frequency [MHz]

1950 1960 Frequency [MHz]

-2 0 2 Change of av. noise power (dB) Rural

-2 0 2 Change of av. noise power (dB) Theory

0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0

-2 0 2 Change of av. noise power (dB)

Space Available for One-to-One Reuse

Assure the Coverage for All WCDMA Services

Define Traffic Distributions Rules between Systems

Define Handover Rules between Systems

Site solutions Antenna configuration

GSM Tx/Rx >2 m

UMTS Tx/Rx >2 m GSM & UMTS Rx div.

3G TDD 2025 2010

(dual band antennas)

Handover WCDMA GSM for coverage extension

trunking gain = (7-4)/4=75% in this case

NB and WCDMA co-operation

25 20 sites/km2 10.3 sites/km2 3.3 sites/km2 15

4.5 5 5.5 6 channel separation (MHz)

NB and WCDMA co-operation

Вам также может понравиться