Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
*****************************************************
*********
• Elaborating on the hint: in general, d and n/d form a pair
*****************************************************
*
• Let n be a nonsquare positive integer.
Then:
n
=n*1
=a*b
=c*d
.
.
.
=d*c
=b*a
=1*n
As we can see, since each divisor occurs in pairs, thus the number of divisors
must be even. We know there are no repetitions, if not n would be a square
number in this case.
However, in the case of a square number, factorizations of n include a repetition,
say x * x, where x is the square root of n. Thus, the number of positive divisors
are odd in this case.
*****************************************************
*d divisor of n => n/d divisor of n
d < n/d => n > d² => d < sqrt(n)
so take all d < sqrt(n)
then we have that n/d > d also
divisor so they all form pairs
d = n/d => n = d² => n is perfect square
here there's no pair !
*****************************************************
*
1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data
What are the necessary conditions on n for T(n) {the Tau function} to be odd.
2. Relevant equations
Tau function counts the number of divisors of n
T(1) = 1, T(p) = 2, and T(p^k) = k + 1
I cannot figure out how to describe evens with were are multiple primes such as 1x3x7x8 = 231.
That number has an even number of divisors but I'm and lost at how to prevent that.
I don't understand why k is even OR k=2c. Those are identical conditions....
What is T(xy) for x,y coprime?
T(n) is odd if and only if n is a perfect square. Can you prove it?
I was just supposed to make a conjecture, but I'll try to work on a proof
Assume that n is an odd tau number. Let n = p^a1*p^a2...* p^ak. By the definition of tau number
(a1 + 1)(a2 + 1)(a3 + 1)..... (ak + 1) | n. Therefore for any 0 < i < k + 1, ai + 1 is odd, and hence
ai is even. Since every prime in the factorization of n is raised to an even power, n is a perfect
square.
Assume that n is an odd tau number. Let n = p^a1*p^a2...* p^ak. By the definition of tau number
(a1 + 1)(a2 + 1)(a3 + 1)..... (ak + 1) | n.What you meant to say was
(a_1 + 1)(a_2 + 1)(a_3 + 1)\dots (a_k + 1) = \tau (n)
not
(a_1 + 1)(a_2 + 1)(a_3 + 1)\dots (a_k + 1) | nTherefore for any 0 < i < k + 1, ai + 1 is odd, and
hence ai is even. Since every prime in the factorization of n is raised to an even power, n is a perfect
square.The question only asked you to find a necessary condition, and you've done this. But the
stuff you've said above goes both ways, so it's actually a sufficient condition as well.
Proposition 1. If n = (p_1)^(a_1)*(p_2)^(a_2)*…*(p_k)^(a_k)
then tau(n) = (a1 + 1)(a2 + 1)(a3 + 1)… (ak + 1).
*************************************************************
***********
# Proof of the Day!! Can someone please Prove
that if d divides m, and e divides n, then
gcd(d,e) divides gcd(m,n)?
*****************************************************
*********
• Let a = gcd(d,e).
=> a divides d and a divides e.
In what follows, I assume "divides" is transitive. If you don't have this theorem,
then prove it.
Since a divides d and d divides m, a divides m.
Since a divides e and e divides n, a divides n.
Hence a divides both m and n.
*****************************************************
*
*****************************************************
*********
Theorem.
If for some positive integer n, 2n-1 is prime, then so is n.
Proof.
Let r and s be positive integers, then the polynomial xrs-1 is xs-1 times xs(r-1) + xs(r-2)
+ ... + xs + 1. So if n is composite (say r.s with 1<s<n), then 2n-1 is also composite
(because it is divisible by 2s-1).
Notice that we can say more: suppose n>1. Since x-1 divides xn-1, for the latter to be
prime the former must be one. This gives the following.
Corollary.
Let a and n be integers greater than one. If an-1 is prime, then a is 2 and n is
prime.
Usually the first step in factoring numbers of the forms an-1 (where a and n are positive
integers) is to factor the polynomial xn-1. In this proof we just used the most basic of
such factorization rules, see [BLSTW88] for some others.
*****************************************************
*********
#2 and #3)
Additional Details
6 hours ago
#3
C) Using the proof of the previous A & B prove the following: If th
gcd(m,n) = 1, then Sigma(m,n) = Sigma(m) * Sigma(n)
*****************************************************
*********
It's tough to know what proof works for you without knowing which theorems you have
and haven't had in class. That said:
If you've had unique factorization into primes, then the basic idea is that every prime in
d's factorization divides m or n, but not both. So you break up d into the part that fits into
m and the part that fits into n.
In pretty much any approach to the proof, you wind up showing that
*****************************************************
*********