Viktor Frankl s Meaning-Seeking Model and Positive Psychology By admin | Published: July 4, 2013 (c) Paul T. P. Wong, Ph.D.

This chapter will be published as: Wong, P. T. P. (in press). Viktor Frankl s meaning seeking model and positive psyc hology. In A. Batthyany & P. Russo-Netzer (Eds.), Meaning in existential and pos itive psychology. New York, NY: Springer. Abstract The main purpose of this chapter is to introduce Viktor Frankl s logotherapy to th e 21stcentury, especially to positive psychologists interested in meaning researc h and applications. Frankl s radically positive message of re-humanizing psychothe rapy is much needed in the current technological culture. More specifically, I e xplain the basic assumptions of logotherapy and translate them into a testable m eaning-seeking model to facilitate meaning research and intervention. This model consists of five hypotheses: (1) The Self-Transcendence Hypothesis: The will to meaning is a spiritual and primary motivation for self-transcendence; thus, it predicts that spiritual pathways (e.g., spiritual care, self-transcendence) will enhance meaning in life and well-being, even when other pathways to well-being are not available. (2) The Ultimate Meaning Hypothesis: It predicts that belief in the intrinsic meaning and value of life, regardless of circumstances, is more functional than alternative global beliefs. It also predicts that belief in ult imate meaning facilitates the discovery of meaning of the moment. (3) The Meanin g Mindset Hypothesis: A meaning mindset, as compared to the success mindset, lea ds to greater meaningfulness, compassion, moral excellence, eudaemonic happiness and resilience. (4) The Freedom of Will Hypothesis: People who believe in the i nherent human capacity for freedom and responsibility, regardless of circumstanc es, will show higher autonomy and authenticity than those without such beliefs. (5) The Value Hypothesis of Discovering Meaning: Meaning is more likely to be di scovered through creative, experiential and attitudinal values that are motivate d by self-transcendence rather than by self-interest. Together, they capture the complexity and centrality of meaning seeking in healing and well-being. In sum, Viktor Frankl emphasizes the need for a radical shift from self-focus to meanin g-focus as the most promising way to lift up individuals from the dark pit of de spair to a higher ground of flourishing. This chapter outlines the differences b etween logotherapy and positive psychology and suggests future research to bridg e these two parallel fields of study for the benefit of psychology and society.