Chapter 5: Trigonometric Equations and Identities

Chapter 5 Readiness Check

Prerequisites
Students should be able to:
• use a graphing calculator to solve an equation using either the intersect feature or the zero
feature, and identify the period of a trigonometric function from its equation.
[5.1]
• work with fraction involving π and visualize how to divide a specified length into halves, thirds
or quarters.
[5.2]
• work with unit circle definitions of the trigonometric functions and reciprocal functions.
[5.3]
• verify trigonometric identities numerically and graphically and prove them algebraically.
[5.4]
• use the sum and difference identities for sine and cosine, simplify trigonometric expressions, and
prove identities.
[5.5]
• use the order of operations involving trigonometric functions.
[5.6]

Readiness Check Exercises for Chapter 5

1. Define the following terms: cycle, exact value, periodic function, quarter-cycle, roots of
an equation, trigonometric function.

2. Solve x2 = x + 2 by:
a) graphing y = x2 and y = x + 2
b) graphing y = x2 − x − 2
c) using algebra.

3. Determine the period of each function.

a) y = sin2x b) y = cos0.5x c) y = tan3x

4. Divide each length into thirds. Use a common denominator to write the value of the
midpoint and the value of the endpoints.
a) ┌──────────┐ b) ┌──────────┐
π π
0 0
2 3

5. Divide each length into thirds. Use a common denominator to write the value of the
midpoint and the value of the endpoints.
a) ┌──────────┐ b) ┌──────────┐
π π
0 0
2 3
6. Simplify.
3π 2π π π π
a) + π b) + c) +
2 6 3 6 3

7. Write the definition of each reciprocal trigonometric function.

a) csc x b) sec x c) cot x

8. Simplify.
a2 − 1
2
b 1 a b b2
a) a × 2 × b) + c)
a b b c 1
b2

Chapter 5 Overview
There are nine main objectives to be covered in this chapter:
1. A trigonometric equation can be solved graphically and algebraically.
2. The particular solution of a trigonometric equation can be found for any specified
domain.
3. The general solution of a trigonometric equation can be found where the domain
is the set
of real numbers.
4. To determine exact solutions of a trigonometric equation, it must be solved
algebraically.
5. A trigonometric identity is a trigonometric equation that is satisfied for all values
of the
variable for which both sides of the equation are defined.
6. A trigonometric identity can be verified numerically and graphically.
7. A trigonometric identity can be proven algebraically.
8. To prove a trigonometric identity, it is necessary to use basic identities and
algebraically
manipulate one side of the identity until is it equivalent to the other side. It is also
correct
to show that both sides of the identity simplify to the same expression. However,
it is
essential that each side is simplified independently of the other side.
9. The sum, difference and double-angle identities for sine and cosine can be used
to verify
trigonometric identities and simplify trigonometric expressions.
 Chapter 5 Assignments
5.1 Solving Trigonometric Equations Using Graphing Technology
In this section, you will solve trigonometric equations using graphing technology.
Read pages 298-301, making notes on important ideas.
Do exercises #1, 5, 8-11, 16 on pages 302-304.

5.2 Solving Trigonometric Equations without Using Graphing TechnologIn this section,
you will solve trigonometric equations that have exact solutions.
Read pages 308-312, making notes on important ideas.
Do exercises #1-6, 9, 11 on pages 313-314.

5.3 Trigonometric Identities

In this section, you will recognize and verify specific trigonometric identities numerically and
graphically.
Read pages 315-318, making notes on important ideas.
Do exercises #1-10, 12 on pages 319-321.

5.4 Verifying and Proving Trigonometric Identities

In this section, you will verify trigonometric identities numerically and graphically, and then
prove them algebraically.
Read pages 322-325, making notes on important ideas.
Do exercises #3-9, 12-13 on pages 326-327.

5.5 Sum and Difference Identities

In this section, you will use the sum and difference identities for sine and cosine to verify
And simplify trigonometric expressions, and to prove identities.
Read pages 329-333, making notes on important ideas.
Do. exercises #3-6, 10, 12-15, 17-18 on pages 333-335.

5.6 Identities for sin 2x and cos 2x

In this section, you will use the identities for sin 2x and cos 2x.
Read pages 338-341, making notes on important ideas.
Do exercises #3, 5-8, 10-14, 17, 19, 24 on pages 342-345.
 Chapter 5 Review
Reread the main objectives listed at the beginning of this section.
Make sure you know the following key terms:
• double-angle identities • Pythagorean identity
• exact from of the solution • quotient identity
• general solution of an equation • sum and difference identities
• identity • trigonometric equation
• odd-even identities • trigonometric
• identity
Try to do all the questions in the Chapter Review without looking at your notes or text. If
you need to consult your notes for certain questions, it shows you may need extra work in
those areas. Go back to the relevant section to clarify and review. If you need more help
or extra questions, ask your teacher.
Complete the Chapter 5 Review, #1-12 on page 349, write all your steps. Ask your
teacher for the test when you are ready.