Palm oil and fractions

Palm oil and fractions

WAI-LIN, SIEW
and JOHARI MINAL
MPOB
WAI-LIN, SIEW
and JOHARI MINAL
MPOB
OFI Middle East 2007
OFI Middle East 2007
PALM OIL INDUSTRY
PALM OIL INDUSTRY
-
-
RM31.8b,
RM31.8b,
PLANTED AREA 0F 4.17m hectares,
PLANTED AREA 0F 4.17m hectares,
production of 15.9 m
production of 15.9 m
tonnes
tonnes
oil.
oil.
Oil Palm Bunch
Fruit spiklets
Kernels
Bunch weight 20-30 kg
Oil per bunch
20-30%
1,9m tonne PkO
1,9m tonne CPO
The PALM OIL option
The PALM OIL option
VersutiIity
Cost effectiveness
Wide runge of products
Z0% soIids ut Z0C-suited for
formuIution
of pIustic fut products
Nutritive vuIue
PALM OIL
PALM OIL
-
-
A BALANCED
A BALANCED
OIL
OIL

50% SATURATED
50% SATURATED

50% UNSATURATED
50% UNSATURATED
Fractionation of palm oil
Fractionation of palm oil
PO
Ol 56 St 33
Sp ol
64-65
Soft pmf
45
Hard
Pmf 36
Mid ol
54
PO
Ol 62
St 40
st25 pmf48
PO
St 30-45
Ol 56-64
Hard st
15-25
Sp ol
63-70
Soft pmf
42-50
Hard pmf
34-42
Mid ol
54-56
Source:Kellen, M,
Fame Fame Palm Palm Super Palm Palm Palm Super Palm
Oil Oil Olein Olein Olein Olein Stearin Stearin
C12:0 0.2 C12:0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.1- -0.3 0.3
C14:0 1.1 C14:0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1- -1.7 1.7
C16:0 44.0 40.9 35.4 49.8 C16:0 44.0 40.9 35.4 49.8- -68.1 68.1
C18:0 C18:0 4.5 4.2 3.8 3.9 4.5 4.2 3.8 3.9- -5.6 5.6
C18:1 39.2 41.5 45.1 20. C18:1 39.2 41.5 45.1 20.4 4- -34.4 34.4
C18:2 C18:2 10.1 11.6 13.4 5.0 10.1 11.6 13.4 5.0- -8.9 8.9
C18:3 0.4 0.3 0.3 C18:3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1- -0.5 0.5
C20:0 0.4 0.2 0.3 C20:0 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3- -0.6 0.6
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF PALM
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF PALM
OIL PRODUCTS
OIL PRODUCTS
Positional distribution of fatty acids in
Positional distribution of fatty acids in
palm oil and palm olein
palm oil and palm olein
19.9
3.3
66.3
23.8
13.7
72.9
Palm olein
sn-2
Position1,3
17.5
4.3
61.9
25.2
20.6
70.5
Palm oil
sn -2
Position 1,3
linoleic oleic Sat FA
Total and positional distribution of
Total and positional distribution of
fatty acids in PMF
fatty acids in PMF
,
14,0
Z,9
3,
,1
ZZ,3
,
Z0,
74,7
totuI
Sn-Z
Position
13
IinoIeic oIeic Sut FA Futty
ucids
Compurison of puIm oiI und puIm oIein with
Compurison of puIm oiI und puIm oIein with
oIive oiI
oIive oiI
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
sat FA monounsaturated polyunsaturataed
type of fatty acids in sn2 postion
c
o
n
t
e
n
t

o
f

F
A
olive oil
palm olein
palm oil
Triacylglycerol composition of palm oil
Triacylglycerol composition of palm oil
TAG wt% TAG wt% TAG wt% TAG wt% TAG wt%
All 0 db 7.4 All 1 db 36.8 All 2 db 34 All 3 db 16.1 All>3 db 5.6
PPP 5.1 MOP 0.9 POO 20.3 OOO 4.4 LOO 1.8
PPSt 1.2 POP 23.7 StOO 2.4 POL 4.1 OLO 1.2
PStP 0.3 POSt 5.7 OPO 1 PLO 5.6
PPO 4.4 PLP 6.5
PStO 0.2 StLP 1.6
TRIGLYCERIDES OF PALM OIL
TRIGLYCERIDES OF PALM OIL
PRODUCTS(C No.)
PRODUCTS(C No.)
C. No Palm Palm Super Palm
C. No Palm Palm Super Palm
Oil
Oil
Olein
Olein
Olein
Olein
Stearin
Stearin
C46
C46
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.2
0.2
3.1
3.1
C48
C48
7.4
7.4
3.3
3.3
1.9 23.7
1.9 23.7
C50
C50
42.6
42.6
39.5
39.5
30.8 40.3
30.8 40.3
C52
C52
40.5
40.5
42.7
42.7
53.4 25.3
53.4 25.3
C54
C54
8.8
8.8
12.8 13.6 6.9
12.8 13.6 6.9
C56
C56
-
-
0.7
0.7
0.2 0.5
0.2 0.5
Two important physical
Two important physical
properties of palm oil
properties of palm oil
SOLID FAT CONTENTS
POLYMORPHISM
5 15 25 35 T/C
5 15 25 35 T/C
Palm oil
Palm oil
olein
olein
stearin
stearin
Hpo(43)
Hpo(43)
Hard stearin
Hard stearin
shortening
shortening
10
10
30
30
50
50
70
70
90
90
Solid fat contents of palm oil products
Solid fat contents of palm oil products
Morphology of Crystals
Morphology of Crystals


Small
Small

Small,
Small,


5
5


m, needle
m, needle
-
-
like
like


large, course, as large as 50
large, course, as large as 50


m or
m or
more, dense, flat
more, dense, flat

TENDING
TENDING
TWO TYPES
IV 56 60
IV >60
TWO TYPES
IV 56 60
IV >60
Fatty acid composition(wt%) of
palm olein
Fatty acid composition(wt%) of
palm olein
IV C14 C16 C18 C18-1 C18-2
<60 1.0 37.9 4.1 43.4 12.5
60-64 1.0 34.8 3.8 45.5 14.2
>65 1.0 30.8 3.6 47.9 15.4


58 60 62 64 66 68
58 60 62 64 66 68
2
2
4
4
6
6
IODINE VALUES IODINE VALUES
CLOUD PT (C)
CLOUD PT (C)
Super olein
Super olein
58 60 62 64 58 60 62 64 66 68 66 68
IODINE VALUE IODINE VALUE
0 0
20 20
40 40
60 60
SFC AT 2.5 AND 5C SFC AT 2.5 AND 5C
Super olein Super olein
SFC of palm oil and oleins
SFC of palm oil and oleins
SFC of palm oil and olein
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
temperature C
S
F
C

%
palm oil
palm olein
super olein
Typical specifications of palm
Typical specifications of palm
olein for snack food frying
olein for snack food frying
FFA <0.05%
PV <1
M&I <0.1%
COLOUR <3R
FLAVOUR BLAND
SMOKE POINT 220-240C
15 - 37 18:1
3 - 10 18:2
4 - 6 18:0
47 - 74 16:0
Range(wt%) Fatty acids
Fatty Acid Composition of
Palm Stearins
Chorocferisfics of PoIm Sfeorin
Chorocferisfics of PoIm Sfeorin
Z1 - 49 Iodine
VuIue
44 - SIip MeIting
Point C
Runge Purumeters
SFC of palm stearins
SFC of palm stearins
SFC of palm stearins
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
temperature C
S
F
C

%
Palm stearin
PMF hard
PMF soft
Hard Stearin
PROPERTIES OF PALM MID FRACTION
PROPERTIES OF PALM MID FRACTION
Fatty Acid Composition (%)
Fatty Acid Composition (%)
C12
C12
0.1
0.1
C14
C14
0.8
0.8
C16
C16
56.6
56.6
C18
C18
4.1
4.1
C18:1
C18:1
34.4
34.4
C18:2
C18:2
3.7
3.7
C20
C20
0.3
0.3
C NO
C NO
%
%
C46
C46
1.1
1.1
C48
C48
5.5
5.5
C50
C50
76.1
76.1
C52
C52
16.4
16.4
C54
C54
1.0
1.0
TRIGLYCERIDE
TRIGLYCERIDE
COMPOSITION OF
COMPOSITION OF
PMF
PMF
PROPERTIES OF PALM MID FRACTION
PROPERTIES OF PALM MID FRACTION
Iodine value
Iodine value
34.6
34.6
Slip melting point
Slip melting point
33.5
33.5

C
C
Solid fat content
Solid fat content

C
C
10
10
90
90
15
15
85
85
20
20
80
80
25
25
63
63
30
30
42
42
35
35
3
3
40
40
0
0
TOCOPHEROLS/ TOCOTRIENOLS
TOCOPHEROLS/ TOCOTRIENOLS
IN OILS
IN OILS
TOCOPHEROL
TOCOPHEROL
-
-
RICHED
RICHED
SOY, CORN
SOY, CORN
COTTONSEED,
COTTONSEED,
SUNFLOWER,
SUNFLOWER,
RAPESEED
RAPESEED
TOCOTRIENOL
TOCOTRIENOL
-
-
RICHED
RICHED
PALM,
PALM,
WHEATGERM,
WHEATGERM,
RICEBRAN
RICEBRAN
TOCOPHEROLS/TOCOTRIENOLS TOCOPHEROLS/TOCOTRIENOLS
IN PALM OIL PRODUCTS IN PALM OIL PRODUCTS
Type Type mg/kg mg/kg
Crude puIm oiI Crude puIm oiI 00 00 - - 1000 1000
Crude puIm oIein 00 Crude puIm oIein 00 - - 1000 1000
Refined puIm oiI 30 Refined puIm oiI 30 - - 30 30
Refined puIm oIein 4 Refined puIm oIein 4 - - 73 73


-
-
tocopherol
tocopherol
21.5
21.5


-
-
tocopherol
tocopherol
3.7
3.7


-
-
tocopherol
tocopherol
3.2
3.2


-
-
tocopherol 1.6
tocopherol 1.6


-
-
tocotrienol
tocotrienol
7.3
7.3


-
-
tocotrienol
tocotrienol
7.3
7.3


-
-
tocotrienol
tocotrienol
43.7
43.7


-
-
tocotrienol
tocotrienol
11.7
11.7
Composition of tocopheroIs in crude puIm oiI
Composition of tocopheroIs in crude puIm oiI
{% of totuI}
{% of totuI}
Scavengers of free radicals
RoIes in ceIIuIur ugeing urtheroscIerosisund cuncer,
CAROTENOID COMPOSITION IN
CAROTENOID COMPOSITION IN
CRUDE PALM OIL
CRUDE PALM OIL
TYPE
TYPE
%
%
PHYTOENE
PHYTOENE
1.3
1.3


CAROTENE
CAROTENE
56
56


CAROTENE
CAROTENE
35
35
LYCOPENE
LYCOPENE
1.3
1.3
OTHERS
OTHERS
6.4
6.4
Vitumin A precursor
Novel palm products
Novel palm products
-
-
nutrolein
nutrolein
A nutritious cooking oiI etructed from
seIected puIms und processed under stringent
QC to retuin curotenoids und tocopheroIs,
00ppm min tocoIs
400ppm min curotene
1C SMP
4C CIoud point
4 min IV
0,10% FFA
specificutions
400
525 800
Why choose palm oil?
Why choose palm oil?
Price consideration
Functionality
Trans-free formulations
Stability
Consistent supply
Healthy, natural oil
Contains vitamin E, sterols,
Unique in composition
Variety of products