Acceleration Sensor Series: Reference Guide

STAR MICRONICS CO., LTD.
Marketing Group
R&D Department

20-10 NAKAYOSHIDA, SHIZUOKA, JAPAN 422-8654
PHONE: +81-54-263-1936 FAX: +81-54-263-1937
http://www.star-micronics.co.jp

Acceleration Sensor Series
(Model: APA300)

REFERENCE GUIDE
(Amplifier Circuit Design Information)

REV. 1.41US
December 17, 2003

REFERENCE GUIDE

File: AC_AMP141US.doc Page 2/11
Printed: 12/17/2003. ---- Specifications are subject to change without notice. ----
<CONTENTS>

1. Specifications.............................................................................................................................................3
3-Axial Piezo-ceramic Acceleration Sensor.......................................................................................................................... 3
2. An example of external amplifier circuit......................................................................................................4
2a) Recommended circuit constitution.................................................................................................................................. 4
Recommended circuit constitution (for 4G) ...................................................................................................................................... 4
Recommended circuit constitution (for 20G).................................................................................................................................... 5
Recommended circuit constitution (for 50G).................................................................................................................................... 5
2b) Circuit constitution for general purpose.......................................................................................................................... 5
2c) Circuit constitution for cutting off high frequency band................................................................................................... 6
Circuit constitution for cutting off high frequency band (beyond 100 Hz). ........................................................................................ 6
Circuit constitution for cutting off high frequency band (beyond 500 Hz). ........................................................................................ 6
2d) Circuit constitution for cutting off low frequency band..................................................................................................... 7
Circuit constitution for cutting off low frequency band (10 Hz or lower) ........................................................................................... 7
Circuit constitution for cutting off low frequency band (100 Hz or lower) ......................................................................................... 7
2e) Circuit constitution with less number of components...................................................................................................... 8
Circuit constitution with less number of components (for 4G). ......................................................................................................... 8
Circuit constitution with less number of components (for 4G, cutting 20 Hz or less). ...................................................................... 9
Circuit constitution with less number of components (for 4G, cutting 100 Hz or less). .................................................................... 9
2f) Circuit constitution of high sensitivity............................................................................................................................. 10
Circuit constitution of high sensitivity.............................................................................................................................................. 10
2g) Second Source of Operation Amplifier ......................................................................................................................... 11
2h) Operation amplifier of low power consumption type..................................................................................................... 11
3. Recommended dimensions for machining circuit boards ..........................................................................11

REFERENCE GUIDE

1. Speci fi cati ons
3-Axial Piezo-ceramic Acceleration Sensor

Model: APA300 (without Amplifier)

FEATURES
3-Axis Acceleration Sensor on a single structure
Dynamic Acceleration
Small & Light Size

SPECIFICATIONS
Parameter Specification
Acceleration Range 490m/s
2
(50G)
X-axis Sensitivity
0.47mV/(m/s
2
) 20%
(4.6mV/G 20%)
Y-axis Sensitivity
0.47mV/(m/s
2
) 20%
(4.6mV/G 20%)
Z-axis Sensitivity
0.40mV/(m/s
2
) 20%
(3.9mV/G 20%)
Linearity 2%
Transverse Sensitivity 15%
Resonating Point 10kHz (Typ.)
X-axis Capacity 510pF (Typ.)
Y-axis Capacity 510pF (Typ.)
Z-axis Capacity 590pF (Typ.)
Operating Temperature -20 to +70degree C
Storage Temperature -40 to +85degree C
Dimension (WxDxH) 9.6x7.6x3.9mm
Mass 0.8g
Specifications are subject to change without prior notice.

APPLICATION OUTLINE DIAGRAM
HDD
DVD
Washing Machine
Security Products
Action Game
Pedometer,
Earthquake Sensor
Data logger

OUTPUT (+) mean that acceleration increase in the direction of allow.

RECOMMENDED CIRCUIT
Detection range 39.2 m/s
2
(4G)
Sensitivity 52mV/(m/s
2
)

(0.5V/G)
Frequency Response 1 to 1,000Hz, 3dB
Supply Voltage 5.0V
Offset Voltage 2.5V
Consumption current 1.0mA or less
Gain =1 +R3/R5
fHcut =1/2 x x C2 x R3

Circuit constant R5(ohm) R3(ohm) C2(F)
X-axis Circuit 5.1K 560K 220p
Y-axis Circuit 5.1K 560K 220p
Z-axis Circuit 4.3K 560K 220p

- Please receive the receptacle side of a sensor by high impedance.
- Please give a constant and an application circuit as an example of reference.
PIN
1: X out
2: Z out
3: Y out
4: GND
5: COM
5
3
4
2
1
0.3 0.3
9.6
7
.
6
3 3.9
5
-
0
.
6
2
2
8.2
0303
APA300
Y
X Z
Z
Y
X
OUTPUT(+)
-
+
Vcc
COM
-
+
Ou t
Vcc
GND
IC 1A
NJ U7064 , J RC
NJ U7064 , J RC
R1
R4
(10M )
(10M )
Senso r
C2
R5
R3
(0 .1 )
(1 .0 )
C3
(0 .1 )
R6
(1M )
(1M )
C4
C1
(330k )
R2 R2
R7
Ou t
GND
IC 1B

REFERENCE GUIDE

2. An exampl e of external ampl i fi er ci rcui t

2a) Recommended ci rcui t consti tuti on

This is an example of a recommended constitution for an external amplifier circuit of a piezo-ceramic
sensor. To avoid adverse effect of noise, make the wiring between the sensor and the circuit as
short as possible. The impedance of the input section of the circuit is about 1000 M and so it is
recommended, depending on the use environment, to take appropriate shielding measures such as
putting in a metallic case. The sensitivity of acceleration of low frequency components decreases
with the decrease in the insulation resistance. So it is recommended to take appropriate
anti-moisture measures if necessary so as to secure inter-wiring insulation resistance of 1000 M or
more.

Recommended ci rcui t consti tuti on (for 4G)
Acceleration detection range 39.2 m/s
2
(4G)
2
)

(0.5V/G)
Frequency characteristic 1 to 1,000Hz, 3dB
Power supply voltage 5.0V
Zero point output voltage 2.5V
Power consumption 1.0mA or less

Constants and the applied circuit are just for your information.
(Formulas for X-axis circuit)
Amplification rate equation
Amplification rate =1 +R3/R5
High range cutoff frequency equation
Sensor sensitivity Amplification rate fHcut Sensitivity
[mV/(m/s
2
)] [k] [k] [pF] [magnification] [Hz] [mV/(m/s
2
)]
X-axis 0.47 R3 560 R5 5.1 C2 220 110.8 1,292 52.1
Y-axis 0.47 R8 560 R10 5.1 C4 220 110.8 1,292 52.1
Z-axis 0.40 R13 560 R15 4.3 C6 220 131.2 1,292 52.5
Amplifier circuit constant
-
+
-
+
IC 1A
IC 1B
IC 1C
C3
( 1 )
Y Ax i s
X Ax i s
R6
(10M )
R9
(10M )
Xou t
Y ou t
R7
(330k )
-
+
Z Ax i s
GND
COM
R11
(10M )
R14
(10M )
Zou t
R12
(330k )
-
+
5V
R16
(1M )
R17
(1M )
C7
( 0 . 1 )
C8
( 0 . 1 )
IC 1D
C1
( 1 )
R1
(10M )
R4
(10M )
R2
(330k )
You t
Xou t
Zou t
Senso r
R5
R10
R15
C2
C4
C6
R3
R13
R8
C5
( 1 )
NJ U7064 ( J RC )
NJ U7064 ( J RC )
NJ U7064 ( J RC )
NJ U7064 ( J RC )

REFERENCE GUIDE

Acceleration detection range 196m/s
2
(20G)
Sensitivity 9.9mV/(m/s
2
)

(0.1V/G)

See the recommended circuit diagram for 4G shown above.

Acceleration detection range 490m/s
2
(50G)
Sensitivity 4.1mV/(m/s
2
)

(0.04V/G)

See the recommended circuit diagram for 4G shown above.

2b) Ci rcui t consti tuti on for general purpose

Low Power Consumption Type
When the power consumption is needed to lower, use NJ U7054 (J RC). The circuit composition remains same
but the range of frequency characteristics may become smaller due to the influence of an amplification rate and
a gained bandwidth of the OP-Amp specification. The constant of a broader-based interception circuit is
required to be set paying attention to the operation.

Enhanced Load Type
When the improvement of the drive capability of outputs is required, use NJ U7074 (J RC). This leads the line
noise reduction, i.e., when structuring a signal processing circuit by the extension of the cable from OP-Amp
amplification circuit. In this case, set the signal processing circuit to low input impedance.

To avoid adverse effect of noise, make the wiring between the sensor and the circuit as short as possible. The
impedance of the input section of the circuit is about 1000 MO and so it is recommended, depending on the use
environment, to take appropriate shielding measures such as putting in a metallic case. The sensitivity of
acceleration of low frequency components decreases if insulation resistance decreases. So it is recommended
to take appropriate anti-moisture measures if necessary so as to secure inter-wiring insulation resistance of
1000 MO or more.
To reduce noise, the insulation of the applied frequency out of the frequency range by the filter circuit could be
effective.

Poi nts that are di fferent from those of the recommended ci rcui t
The output characteristic may change even when the different OP-Amp is adopted in the same circuit
composition. This is explained by the fact that the input voltage, the current consumption and the applied
frequency band may vary depending on OP-Amp. Please contact to the maker for further details regarding
NJ U7054 (J RC), NJ U7064 (J RC) and NJ U7074 (J RC).
[mV/(m/s
2
2
)]
X-axis 0.47 R3 360 R5 18 C2 330 21.0 1,340 9.9
Y-axis 0.47 R8 360 R10 18 C4 330 21.0 1,340 9.9
Z-axis 0.40 R13 360 R15 15 C6 330 25.0 1,340 10.0
[mV/(m/s
2
2
)]
X-axis 0.47 R3 360 R5 47 C2 390 8.7 1,360 4.1
Y-axis 0.47 R8 360 R10 47 C4 390 8.7 1,360 4.1
Z-axis 0.40 R13 360 R15 39 C6 390 10.2 1,360 4.1

REFERENCE GUIDE

2c) Ci rcui t consti tuti on for cutti ng off hi gh frequency band

This is a circuit constitution of an external amplifier of a piezo-ceramic sensor for cutting off high
frequency band. To avoid adverse effect of noise, make the wiring between the sensor and the
circuit as short as possible. The impedance of the input section of the circuit is about 1000 M and
so it is recommended, depending on the use environment, to take appropriate shielding measures
such as putting in a metallic case. The sensitivity of acceleration of low frequency components
decreases if insulation resistance decreases. So it is recommended to take appropriate
anti-moisture measures if necessary so as to secure inter-wiring insulation resistance of 1000 M or
more.

Poi nt that i s di fferent from that of the recommended ci rcui t .
Amplifier circuit constant is changed from that of the recommended circuit constitution.

Ci rcui t consti tuti on for cutti ng off hi gh frequency band (beyond 100 Hz).
Acceleration detection range 39.2m/s
2
(4G)
2
)

(0.5V/G)
Frequency characteristic 1 to 100Hz, 3dB

See the recommended circuit constitution shown above.

Ci rcui t consti tuti on for cutti ng off hi gh frequency band (beyond 500 Hz).

2
(4G)
2
)

(0.5V/G)
Frequency characteristic 1 to 500Hz, 3dB


[mV/(m/s
2
2
)]
X-axis 0.47 R3 560 R5 5.1 C2 2200 110.8 129 52.1
Y-axis 0.47 R8 560 R10 5.1 C4 2200 110.8 129 52.1
Z-axis 0.40 R13 560 R15 4.3 C6 2200 131.2 129 52.5
[mV/(m/s
2
2
)]
X-axis 0.47 R3 560 R5 5.1 C2 390 110.8 729 52.1
Y-axis 0.47 R8 560 R10 5.1 C4 390 110.8 729 52.1
Z-axis 0.40 R13 560 R15 4.3 C6 390 131.2 729 52.5

REFERENCE GUIDE

2d) Ci rcui t consti tuti on for cutti ng off l ow frequency band

This circuit constitution is for cutting off low frequency band with an externally added amplifier circuit
of a piezo-ceramic sensor. The amplifying circuit constant is calculated with simulation software.
For specific request for cut-off frequencies, please get in touch with our sales department.

To avoid adverse effect of noise, make the wiring between the sensor and the circuit as short as
possible. The impedance of the input section of the circuit is about 1000 M and so it is
putting in a metallic case. The sensitivity of acceleration of low frequency components might
decrease if insulation resistance decreases. So it is recommended to take appropriate anti-moisture
measures if necessary so as to secure inter-wiring insulation resistance of 1000 M or more.

Poi nt that i s di fferent from that of the recommended ci rcui t .
Amplifier circuit constant is changed from that of the recommended circuit constitution.

Ci rcui t consti tuti on for cutti ng off l ow frequency band (10 Hz or l ower)
2
(4G)
2
)

(0.5V/G)


Ci rcui t consti tuti on for cutti ng off l ow frequency band (100 Hz or l ower)
2
(4G)
2
)

(0.5V/G)


Low range cutoff frequency equation
Depending on a simulation program
Depending on a simulation program
Sensor sensitivity Amplification rate Sensitivity
[mV/(m/s
2
)] [M] [k] [k] [pF] [magnification] [mV/(m/s
2
)]
X-axis 0.47 R1,R4 3.3 R3 560 R5 5.1 C2 220 110.8 52.1
Y-axis 0.47 R6,R9 3.3 R8 560 R10 5.1 C4 220 110.8 52.1
Z-axis 0.40 R11,R14 3.3 R13 560 R15 4.3 C6 220 131.2 52.5
Sensor sensitivity Amplification rate Sensitivity
[mV/(m/s
2
)] [M] [k] [k] [pF] [magnification] [mV/(m/s
2
)]
X-axis 0.47 R1,R4 0.68 R3 560 R5 5.1 C2 220 110.8 52.1
Y-axis 0.47 R6,R9 0.68 R8 560 R10 5.1 C4 220 110.8 52.1
Z-axis 0.40 R11,R14 0.68 R13 560 R15 4.3 C6 220 131.2 52.5

REFERENCE GUIDE

2e) Ci rcui t consti tuti on wi th l ess number of components

This is a circuit constitution of an external amplifier of a piezo-ceramic sensor with less number of
components.
The unit price of the resistors of 500 to 1000 M is higher than that of resistors of 10 M or less.
But the constitution is simpler. The low range cutoff frequency fLcut can be determined by
calculation.
To avoid adverse effect of noise, make the wiring between the sensor and the circuit as short as
possible. The impedance of the input section of the circuit is about 1000 M and so it is
putting in a metallic case. The sensitivity of acceleration of low frequency components might
decrease if insulation resistance decreases. So it is recommended to take appropriate anti-moisture
measures if necessary so as to secure inter-wiring insulation resistance of 1000 M or more.

Ci rcui t consti tuti on wi th l ess number of components (for 4G).
2
(4G)
2
)

(0.5V/G)

Calculated frequency is 0.6 Hz for R1, R4, and R7. In some cases 1000 M or more may be
required in consideration of insulation resistance of wiring.
As seen from the calculation formula for low range cutoff frequency, the cut-off frequency can be
lowered by parallel connection of the sensors COM and the capacitor. This, however, lowers the
output voltage as well, because the output of the piezo-ceramic ceramics is electric charge, and so
the voltage lowers according to the relation of Q =CV (Electric charge =Capacitance x Voltage).

fHcut =1/2 C1 R2
fLcut =1/2 sensor capacitance R1
Sensor sensitivity Sensor capacitance Amplification rate fHcut fLcut Sensitivity
[mV/(m/s
2
)] [pF] [k] [k] [pF] [M] [magnification] [Hz] [Hz] [mV/(m/s
2
)]
X-axis 0.47 510 R2 560 R3 5.1 C1 220 R1 500 110.8 1,292 0.6 52.1
Y-axis 0.47 510 R5 560 R6 5.1 C2 220 R4 500 110.8 1,292 0.6 52.1
Z-axis 0.40 590 R8 560 R9 4.3 C3 220 R7 500 131.2 1,292 0.5 52.5
-
+
-
+
-
+
IC 1A
IC 1B
IC 1C
-
+
IC 1D
5V
R10
1M
R11
1M
C4
0 . 1
C5
0 . 1
XAx i s
ZAx i s
YAx i s
Xou t
You t
Zou t
Xou t
You t
Zou t
Senso r
R2
R8
R5
R1
R4
R7
R6
R9
R3
C1
C2
C3
NJ U7064 ( J RC )
NJ U7064 ( J RC )
NJ U7064 ( J RC )
NJ U7064 ( J RC )

REFERENCE GUIDE

Ci rcui t consti tuti on wi th l ess number of components (for 4G, cutti ng 20 Hz or l ess).
2
(4G)
2
)

(0.5V/G)

See the Circuit constitution with less number of components (for 4G) for the circuit diagram.

Ci rcui t consti tuti on wi th l ess number of components (for 4G, cutti ng 100 Hz or l ess).
2
(4G)
2
)

(0.5V/G)

See the Circuit constitution with less number of components (for 4G) for the circuit diagram.

fHcut =1/2 C1 R2
fHcut =1/2 C1 R2
[mV/(m/s
2
2
)]
X-axis 0.47 510 R2 560 R3 5.1 C1 220 R1 22 110.8 1,292 14.2 52.1
Y-axis 0.47 510 R5 560 R6 5.1 C2 220 R4 22 110.8 1,292 14.2 52.1
Z-axis 0.40 590 R8 560 R9 4.3 C3 220 R7 22 131.2 1,292 12.3 52.5
[mV/(m/s
2
2
)]
X-axis 0.47 510 R2 560 R3 5.1 C1 220 R1 4.7 110.8 1,292 66.4 52.1
Y-axis 0.47 510 R5 560 R6 5.1 C2 220 R4 4.7 110.8 1,292 66.4 52.1
Z-axis 0.40 590 R8 560 R9 4.3 C3 220 R7 3.9 131.2 1,292 69.2 52.5

REFERENCE GUIDE

2f) Ci rcui t consti tuti on of hi gh sensi ti vi ty

This is a circuit constitution of an external amplifier of a piezo-ceramic sensor with high sensitivity.
Increasing sensitivity leads to the increase in the variance of the zero point output voltage. This
depends on the input offset voltage specification of the operation amplifier used. In the case the
input offset voltage is amplified to 200 times with an operation amplifier of a maximum of 2 mV
specification, the zero point output voltage may vary up to 0.4 V. This can be avoided by the use of
either an operation amplifier of a small input offset voltage or a circuit described below as a reference
in which the first stage amplification circuit is separated from the second stage amplification circuit
with respect to direct current and zero point reference voltage is supplied to respective amplification
circuits to hold down the variance.
Increasing the sensitivity invites greater influence of noise. So make wiring between the sensor and
the circuit the shortest possible. Since the impedance of the input section of the amplification circuit
is about 1000 M, take shielding measures such as putting in a metallic case. Depending on the
conditions of use, also take measures against moisture for the wiring between the sensor output and
the amplification circuit so as to secure inter-wiring insulation resistance of 1000 M or more.
Decrease in the insulation resistance leads to decrease in the sensitivity for acceleration of low
frequency components.

Ci rcui t consti tuti on of hi gh sensi t i vi t y
2
(1G)
2
)

(2.1V/G)

First amplification rate =1+R3/R5(1)
Second amplification rate =1+R7/R8(2)
Total amplification rate =(1) x (2)
First circuit fHcut=1/2C2R3
Second circuit fHcut=1/2C4R7
-
+
-
+
-
+
IC 1A
IC 1B
IC 1C
R2
(330k )
C1
( 1 )
R1
(10M )
R4
(10M )
-
+
IC 1D
5V
Senso r
GND
COM
-
+
-
+
-
+
IC 2A
NJ U7064 (J RC )
NJ U7064 (J RC )
(10M )
R6
(10M )
R9
(10M )
R12
( 1 )
C5
(330k )
R10
C7 ( 0 . 1 )
(10M )
R14
IC 2B
IC 2C
(10M )
R17
(10M )
R20
( 1 )
C9
(330k )
R18
C11 ( 0 . 1 )
(10M )
R22
NJ U7064 (J RC )
NJ U7064 (J RC )
NJ U7064 ( J RC )
NJ U7064 (J RC )
NJ U7064 (J RC )
(1M )
R25
(1M )
R26
( 0 . 1 )
C14
C3 ( 0 . 1 )
Xou t
You t
Zou t
Xou t
You t
Zou t
Y Ax i s
Z Ax i s
X Ax i s
( 0 . 1
C13
R13
C2
C6
C10
R16
R24
C4
C8
C12
R5
R21
R3
R11
R19
R8
R7
R15
R23
Sensor sensitivity Amplification rate fHcut
[mV/(m/s
2
)] [k] [k] [pF] [magnification] [Hz]
X-axis 0.47 R3 300 R5 5.1 C2 220 59.8 2,411
Y-axis 0.47 R11 300 R13 5.1 C6 220 59.8 2,411
Z-axis 0.40 R19 300 R21 5.1 C10 220 59.8 2,411
Amplification rate fHcut Amplification rate Sensitivity
[k] [k] [pF] [magnification] [Hz] [magnification] [mV/(m/s
2
)]
R7 270 R8 43 C4 430 7.3 1,371 435.5 204.7
R15 270 R16 43 C8 430 7.3 1,371 435.5 204.7
R23 270 R24 36 C12 430 8.5 1,371 508.5 203.4

REFERENCE GUIDE

2g) Second Source of Operati on Ampl i fi er

J RC NJ U 7064, NJ U7054 and NJ U7074 were mentioned as the recommended circuits. However, there are
other ICs that have same level of performance and manufactured by other makers in the market. Please
refer those at the time of circuit board design.

2h) Operati on ampl i fi er of l ow power consumpti on type

One of the recommended circuits of low current consumption, J RC NJ U7054, consumes about 70 to 80 uA
when the power supply is 5V. A circuit of lower power consumption type may be fabricated by changing
with different operation amplifier ICs. Examples of low current consumption type ICs that can be used for
the operation amplifier circuit of a piezo-ceramic acceleration sensor are listed below. Please take them
into consideration when you design circuit boards.

A three-axis acceleration sensor requires four operation amplifiers including a zero point output voltage
circuit. Please take note that some of the ICs listed below include only one circuit in a package. The
information given below is not the results of our tests but excerpts from data books of various IC makers.

3. Recommended di mensi ons for machi ni ng ci rcui t boards

Machining dimensions for circuit boards.

END
5-0.9
Yout
GND
COM
(
7
.
6
)
2
2
Zout
Xout
(9.6)
8.2
TOP VIEW
0.1
Dimension tolerances are 0.1. Dotted lines indicate the contour.
VDD
J RC NJ U7054 1.0 to 16.0V 4 3V 15A 60A
J RC NJ U7006 1.8 to 3.6V 1 3V 3A 12A
TOSHIBA TC75W55FU 1.8 to 7.0V 2 3V 10A 40A
MAXIM MAX4472 1.8 to 5.5V 4 5V 0.75A 3A
Power Consumption
IC Maker model VDD circuit/chip
per 4 circuit per 1 circuit
J RC National Semiconductor Texas Instruments ST Microelectronics
NJ U7054 TLC27L4BC TS27L4BC
NJ U7064 TLC27M4BC TS27M4BC
NJ U7074 TLC274BC TS274BC
*1) The characteristic of LMC660AI is the middle grade of NJ U7064 and NJ U7074.
LMC660AI (*1)

Acceleration Sensor Series: Reference Guide

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