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Introduction to ANSYS Rigid Body Dynamics
L4-12
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
Release 13.0
December 2010
Customer Training Material
Contact
Different contact formulations allow for establishing the mathematical
relationship between contacting solid bodies:
For bonded and no separation contact, the contacting areas are known
beforehand based on the geometry and pinball region
The recommended contact formulation to use is either Pure Penalty (default)
or MPC
For rough, frictionless, and frictional contact,
the actual contacting areas are not known
a priori, so an iterative approach is required
The recommended contact formulation to use
is Augmented Lagrange
Introduction to ANSYS Rigid Body Dynamics
L4-13
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
Release 13.0
December 2010
Customer Training Material
Joints
Joints can be defined between bodies or from a body to ground:
Joints define the allowed motion (kinematic constraint) on surface(s)
Various types of joints can be defined for flexible or rigid bodies:
Fixed, Revolute, Cylindrical, Translational, Slot, Universal, Spherical, Planar, or
General Joints
Definition and configuration of joints was covered in an earlier section
Unlike rigid dynamic analysis, the actual not relative degrees of
freedom are specified
The animation on the right shows
an assembly using cylindrical and
revolute joints
Assembly shown here is from an Autodesk Inventor sample model
Introduction to ANSYS Rigid Body Dynamics
L4-14
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
Release 13.0
December 2010
Customer Training Material
Joints
In Transient Structural analyses, the user has an additional option of
specifying the behavior of the joint:
Rigid (default) behavior means that the scoped surface(s) will not
deform but be treated as rigid surface(s). This means that a scoped
cylindrical surface will remain cylindrical throughout the analysis.
Deformable behavior means that while the
joint constraint is satisfied, the scoped
surface(s) are free to deform. This means that
a scoped cylindrical surface may not remain
cylindrical throughout the analysis.
Introduction to ANSYS Rigid Body Dynamics
L4-15
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
Release 13.0
December 2010
Customer Training Material
Springs
Springs can be defined between bodies or from body to ground:
Springs define the stiffness and/or damping of surface(s)
Refer to Section I for additional details on damping
Springs can be defined for rigid or flexible bodies
These are longitudinal springs, so the stiffness or damping is related to
the change in length of the spring
The spring must not have zero length
Springs can be defined on vertices, edges, or surfaces
Introduction to ANSYS Rigid Body Dynamics
L4-16
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
Release 13.0
December 2010
Customer Training Material
F. Initial Conditions
Initial displacement = 0, initial velocity 0
Ramp a very small displacement value over a small time interval to produce the
desired initial velocity. Deactivate it for Step 2.
Initial displacement 0, initial velocity 0
Ramp the desired initial displacement over a time interval to produce the
desired initial velocity. Deactivate it for Step 2.
Initial displacement 0, initial velocity = 0
Step apply the desired initial displacement over a time interval to ensure that
initial velocity is zero. Deactivate it for Step 2, if necessary.
Introduction to ANSYS Rigid Body Dynamics
L4-17
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
Release 13.0
December 2010
Customer Training Material
G. Loads; Supports; Conditions
For rigid bodies, just as in a rigid dynamic analysis, only inertial
loads and joint conditions are supported.
Rigid bodies do not deform, so structural & thermal loads do not apply
For deformable bodies, any type of load can be used:
Inertial and structural loads
PSD Base Excitation load is only applicable to Random Vibration Analysis, so
that is not an applicable structural loading
Structural supports
Joint (for defined joints) and thermal conditions
Introduction to ANSYS Rigid Body Dynamics
L4-18
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
Release 13.0
December 2010
Customer Training Material
Time-Varying Loads
Structural loads and joint conditions can be input as time-dependent
load histories
When adding a Load or Joint Condition, the
magnitude can be defined as a constant,
tabular value, or function.
The values can be entered directly in the
Workbench Simulation GUI or entered in
the Engineering Data page
Introduction to ANSYS Rigid Body Dynamics
L4-19
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
Release 13.0
December 2010
Customer Training Material
H. Damping
As noted in Section A, the equations solved for in Transient
Structural analyses also include a damping term
There are three different types of damping available:
Material damping
This is damping specified per material
Element damping
A Spring connection can include a dampening effect on scoped entities
Global damping
Damping that affects the entire model
The effect of damping is cumulative. Hence, if 2% material damping
and 3% system damping is defined, that part will have 5% damping.
Introduction to ANSYS Rigid Body Dynamics
L4-20
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
Release 13.0
December 2010
Customer Training Material
I. Analysis Settings
Besides damping, there are various other
options the user can set under the Analysis
Settings branch.
It is important that the user specify the
solution times in the Step Controls section
The Number of Steps controls how the load
history is divided. One can impose initial
conditions with multiple load steps use Time
Integration to toggle whether inertial effects
are active for that step
The Step End Time is the actual simulation
ending time for the Current Step Number
The initial, minimum, and maximum timesteps
should be defined as noted in previous
Sections.
Introduction to ANSYS Rigid Body Dynamics
L4-21
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
Release 13.0
December 2010
Customer Training Material
Analysis Settings
The Solver Controls section allows the user
to choose the equation solver, use of weak
springs, and use of large deflection effects
Transient Structural analyses may typically
involve large deformations, so Large
Deflection: On should be used (default
behavior). Also, in the case of large deflection,
one would usually turn on weak springs.
Output Controls allows users to control how
frequently data is saved to the ANSYS result
file. For multiple step analyses, one can save
results only for the end of the step. Also, one
can also save results at intervals that are as
evenly-spaced as possible (depending on
automatic time-stepping)
Introduction to ANSYS Rigid Body Dynamics
L4-22
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
Release 13.0
December 2010
Customer Training Material
J. Reviewing Results
After completion of the solution, reviewing Transient Structural
analysis results typically involves the following output:
Contour plots and animations
Probe plots and charts
Generating contour plots and animations are similar to other
structural analyses
Note that the displaced position of rigid
bodies will be shown in the contour result,
but the rigid bodies will not show any
contour result for deformation, stress, or
strain since they are rigid entities
Typically, animations are generated using
the actual result sets, not distributed sets
Introduction to ANSYS Rigid Body Dynamics
L4-23
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
Release 13.0
December 2010
Customer Training Material
Reviewing Results
Probes are useful in generating time-history charts
to understand the transient response of the system.
Some useful probe results are as follows:
Deformation, stresses, strains, velocities, accelerations
Force and moment reactions
Joint, spring, and bolt pretension results
Chart objects, based on probes, can also be added
to include in reports or as independent figures