Solaris directory structure & commands for SAP administration

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SunOS is the kernel of the Solaris operating system There are four types of file systems in Solaris UFS ZFS SAM & QFS Determine type of file system in Solaris The FS type field in the virtual file system table (the /etc/vfstab file) The /etc/default/fs file for local file systems The /etc/dfs/fstypes file for NFS file systems Determine SPARC or x86 uname p Displays whether the OS is SPARC or x86 usr/sbin/prtconf grep Memory To Find memory Directory structure of Solaris

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/ Root
Every single file and directory starts from the root directory. Only root user has write privilege under this directory. / is also the root account home directory.

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/dev Device files.

Contains device files. These include terminal devices, usb, or any device attached to the system. For example: /dev/tty1, /dev/usbmon0

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/etc Configuration files

Contains configuration files required by all programs. This also contains startup and shutdown shell scripts used to start/stop individual programs. For example: /etc/services, /etc/resolv.conf, /etc/inetd.conf

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/home Home Directories

Home directories for all users to store their personal files. For example: /home/john, /home/nikita

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/kernel Kernel Components

Contains kernel components common to all platforms within a particular instruction set that are needed for booting the system.

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/sbin System Binaries

Just like /bin, /sbin also contains binary executables. But, the commands located under this directory are used typically by system administrator, for system maintenance purpose. For example: fdisk, mount, swapadd

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/bin User Binaries

this points to /usr/bin All binaries are located under /usr/bin.

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/lib System Libraries

Contains library files that supports the binaries located under /bin and /sbin Library filenames are lib*.so.* For example: libmtsk.so, libncurses.so.5.7

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/mnt Mount Directory

Empty folder generally used for mounting file systems.

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/opt Optional add-on Applications


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opt stands for optional. Contains add-on applications from individual vendors. add-on applications should be installed under either /opt/ or /opt/ sub-directory.

/platform Platform Definition files

Contains platform definition files. For example: /platform/SUNW,SPARC-Enterprise-T3120, /platform/SUNW,Sun-Blade-T6340

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/proc Process Information

Contains information about system process. This is a pseudo filesystem contains information about running process. For example: /proc/{pid} directory contains information about the process with that particular pid. This is a virtual filesystem with text information about system resources. For example: /proc/uptime

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/tmp Temporary files

Directory that contains temporary files created by system and users. Files under this directory are deleted when system is rebooted.

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/usr User Programs

Contains /usr/bin which is been linked from /bin. Contains certain other links such as spool, news, man, mail.

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/var Variable files

var stands for variable files. Content of the files that are expected to grow can be found under this directory. This includes system log files (/var/log); packages and database files (/var/lib); emails (/var/mail); print queues (/var/spool); temp files needed across reboots (/var/tmp);

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/vol Volumes directory

Disk volumes mounted under this directory.
Commands: cat filename Join files or display the contents of a file cd dir change directory chmod mode filename Change security setting on file chown user [:group] filename Change owner [and owning group] of file chgrp group filename Change owning group of file cp f1 f2 Copy files file filename Determine a files type head filename Display first 10 lines of file head n filename Displays the first n lines of a file ls la or ls -ltr List files and directories

mkdir dir

Create or make a directory

more filename Display contents of a file by screen full mv [options] Source target Move or rename a file or a directory pwd Print or display current working directory rm filename Remove files rmdir dir Remove directories tail filename Display last 10 lines of file tail -n filename Display first 10 lines of file tail -f filename Display last n lines of file wc filename Count lines, words, and characters in a file cut Select column of a file for display pico A simple and easy to use menu-driven text editor sort filename Sort or merge files vi A command-driven full-screen text editor popular among professionals egrep Extended version of grep fgrep Search files for literal words find path condition Finds files matching condition from path downloads find path -inum n Finds hard links, i.e., All files with the same i-node number grep pattern filename Finds line containing pattern in file grep -v pattern filename Finds line NOT containing pattern in file grep -i pattern filename Finds all lines containing pattern in file ignoring case grep Search files for text pattern

cal Displays the monthly calendar clear Clear the screen date Display todays time and date finger Display information about individual users ftp hostname Connects to a remote host to upload and download files kill Terminate a running command or a process lp Print the content of a file man Display information about a command passwd Change password ps Display processes running on a host prstat Display iterating list of processes by CPU usage <ctrl-c> Interrupt process <ctrl-z> Suspend current Process Kill n Kill process n kill -9 n Terminate process n talk Write to others online telnet hostname [port] connect to host and opens a shell. Optionally on specified port. who Display who are currently logged in whoami Displays the current user ln file1 name Create a hard link to file1 called name ln s file1 name Create a soft link to file1 called name diff f1 f2 Find difference between two files diff3 f1 f2 f3

Find difference between three files look word Searches /usr/dict/words for word ssh hostname [port] Makes a secure connection to host and open a shell jobs Print list of jobs fg [%n] Resume foreground job n bg [%n] Resume background job n stop %n Suspend background job n kill [%n] Kill job n <ctrl-s> Stop screen scrolling <ctrl-q> Resume Screen output sleep n Sleep for n seconds env Show environment variables variable=value Create local vriable Variable with value value export Variable Make Variable an environmental variable unset variable Remove environmental vairables set Show local variables alias name1 name2 Create command alias alias Show command alias unalias name1 Remove command alias name1 history Display recent commands ! n submit recent command n set o vi Recall commands, edit and re-execute using vi commands Shell types in Solaris sh -/bin/sh ,

bash - /bin/bash, ksh - /bin/ksh, csh - /bin/csh, tcsh - /bin/tcsh, zshell - /bin/zsh To check shell type in particular host $ echo $SHELL /bin/sh Shell Initialization profiles /etc/profile ($HOME/.profile) --- sh, bash, ksh system wide (per user) init .profile Bourne & korn shell .bash_profile Bourne Again shell .login & .cshrc cshell .tcshrc & .chrc TCshell .zlogin & .zshrc Z shell