International Journal of the Physical Sciences Vol. 6(18), pp.

4450-4457, 9 September, 2011

Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/IJPS
DOI: 10.5897/IJPS11.637
ISSN 1992 - 1950 2011 Academic Journals




Full Length Research Paper

Some new classes of analytic functions defined using
convolution

Khalida Inayat Noor

Department of Mathematics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Pak Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad,
Pakistan. E-mail: khalidanoor@hotmail.com.

Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 30C45, 30C50.

Accepted 16 May, 2011

In this paper, we introduce and study some new subclasses of analytic functions defined in the open
unit disc using the convolution technique. Inclusion results, radius problems and several other
properties of these classes are discussed.

Key words: Convolution integral operator, functions with positive real part, alpha-starlike, bounded Mocanu
variation, univalent.


INTRODUCTION

Let A denote the class of functions ( ) f z given by:

( )
2
,
m
m
m
f z z a z

=
= +
(1)
which are analytic in the open unit disc
{ }
: 1 . E z z = <
Let ( )
k
P be the class of functions ( ) p z defined in , E
satisfying the properties ( ) 0 1 p = and


( )
2
0
Re
,
1
p z
d k

}
(2)

where , 2
i
z re k

= and
0 1. <
When 0, =
we obtain the class
k
P defined in Pinchuk (1971) and for
2, 0, k = = we have the class P of functions with
positive real part. We can write Equation 2 as:

( )
( )
( )
2
0
1 1 2
1
,
2 1
it
it
ze
p z d t
ze

+
=

}

where ( ) t is a function with bounded variation on
[ ] 0, 2 such that;

( ) ( )
2 2
0 0
2, . d t d t k

=
} }


From Equation 2, we can write, for ( ),
k
p P

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 1 2 2
1 1
, , , ,
4 2 4 2
k k
p z p z p z p p P P z E
| | | |
= + =
| |
\ . \ .
(3)

where ( ) P is the class of functions with positive real
part greater than .
By , , S K S

and , C we denote the subclasses of A,

which consist of univalent, close-to-convex, starlike and
convex functions in E , respectively. The class A is
closed under the convolution (or Hadamard product).
( )( )
1
0
, ,
m
m m
m
f g z a b z f g A

+
=
=

where ( ) ( )
1 1
0 0
, .
m m
m m
m m
f z a z g z b z

+ +
= =
= =



For ( )
( )
1
, 0,
1
z
f z
z


+
=

we have chosen a
suitable branch so that . f A

Let f A be given by Equation 1, with the properties
that 0
m
a for all m and
1
lim 1.
m
m m
a

= Then we
can define
( 1)
f

as the unique and well-defined function

in A such that

( )
( )
( )
1
, .
1
z
f f z z E
z

(4)

We define
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
1
1
1
, 0.
1
z
I f z f f z f z
z

+
(
= = (

(




Remark

We can use hypergeometric functions to define I f

as
follows. Since ( ) ( )
2 1
1 1,1; ; ,
a
z F a z

= where
2 1
F is the
hyper geometric function, we have, for 1, a >
( )
( )
( )
( )
1
1
2 1
1
1,1; ; .
1
a
F a z
z

(
(
= (
(

(

.
Therefore
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
1
2 1
21
1,1; 1, 1, 1;1, I f z zF z f z z F z f z

(
= + = +
(


Using Equation 4 and 5, we can easily derive,

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
1 I f z I f z z I f z


+ +

+ = (6)


Definition

Let f A and let for
( ) ( )
1 2
0, 0, ,
I f z I f z
z E
z z
+ +
| | | |

| |
\ . \ .

Noor 4451



) ( )
( )
( )
( )( )
( )
( )
1
2 1
1
, , 2 1 1 .
2 1
I f z I f z
J f
I f z I f z





+
+ +
( (
+
= + + +
( (
+ +


(7)

Then ( ) , ,
k
f M

if and only if
( ) ( ) , , ,
k
J f P

for 2, 0 1 k < and . z E

As special cases, we note the following:

1. ( ) ( )
2 2
0, 0, 0 , 0, 1, 0 , M C M S

= = and
( )
2
, 1, , M M S

where M

is the class of
alpha-starlike functions (Goodman, 1983).
2. ( ) ( ) 0, 1, ,
k k k
M V V

= where
k
V is the well-
known class of analytic functions with bounded boundary
rotation and ( ) 0, 0, 0 ,
k k
M R

= consists of the functions

with bounded radius rotation (Goodman, 1983).
3. ( ) ( ) , 0, 0 ,
k k
M M

= represents the class of

functions with bounded Mocanu variation (Goodman,
1983).

For different values of parameters , k and , we
obtain several other subclasses of analytic functions
(Noor, 1995, 1999, 2007; Noor and Noor., 2003).


PRELIMINARY RESULTS

Lemma 1

Let
1 2
u u i u = + ,
1 2
v v i v = + and ( ) , u v be a
complex-valued function satisfying the conditions (Miller,
1975):

1. ( ) , u v is continuous in a domain
2
, D C
2. ( ) 1, 0 D and ( ) 1, 0 0, >
3. ( )
2 1
Re , 0 iu v whenever ( )
2 1
, , iu v D and
( )
2
1 2
1
1
2
v u +


If ( )
1
1
m
m
m
h z c z

=
= +

is a function, analytic in E such

that ( ) ( ) ( )
, h z zh z D and
( ) ( ) ( ) { }
Re , 0 h z zh z > for , z E then
( ) Re 0 h z > in . E
4452 Int. J. Phys. Sci.



Lemma 2

Let 0, 0 > + > and
0
[ ,1), (Miller et al.,
2000) where
0
, .
2
n
Max

=
`
)
If
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
, ,
nzp z
p z P z E
p z




+
`
+

)

then ( )
1
, p P where
( )
( )
1
2 1
.
2 1 1
1 ;1; ;
2
F
n n

+
=
+ + | |

` |
\ . )

The value of
1
is best possible.


Lemma 3

Let ( ) h z be analytic function in E with ( ) 0 1 h = and
( )
Re 0in . h z E >
Then, for
, z r z E =
:

1. ( ) ( )
1 1
Re ,
1 1
r r
h z h z
r r
+

+

2. ( )
( )
2
2Re
.
1
h z
h z
r

This result is well-known (Goodman, 1983).


Lemma 4

Let ( ) h z be an analytic function in E with ( ) 0 1 h = and
( ) Re 0in . h z E > Then, for 0 s > and
1 (complex), ( )
( )
( )
Re 0
szh z
h z
h z


+ >
`
+

)
for
0
, z r < where
0
r is given by:

( )
( )
2 2
0
1
2
2 2 2
1
, 2 1 1,
1
r A s
A A

+
= = + +
+ +
(8)

and this result is best possible (Ruscheweyh and Singh,
1976).




Lemma 5

Let
( ) ( )
with 0 in .
f z f z
f A E
z

Then ( ) f z is
univalent (Bazilevic) in E if and only if, for
1 2
0 2 and 0 1, r < < < we have

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
1
Re 1 1 Im , , 0
i
zf z zf z zf z
d z re
f z f z f z

(

+ + > = > ( `

( )
}

and is real (Shiel-Small, 1972).


Lemma 6

If is prestarlike of order
1, , g S


then for
each analytic function , h ( ) ( )
__
0
,
hg
E C h E
g

where
( )
__
0
C h E denotes the closed convex hull of ( ) h E
(Ruscheweyh, 1982).


MAIN RESULTS

Theorem

For
1
0, 0 1, 0, 2, max , ,
2
k


(
> < =
(



( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
, , 0, , , ,
k k k
M M R

=

where


( )
( )
1
2 1
1
.
2 1 1
1 ;1; ;
2
F

(
(
+
( =
+ + | |
(

|
(
\ .
(9)

The value of
1
is best possible.


Proof

Let ( ) , , J f

be defined by Equation 7. Then, using

the identity of Equation 6, we have:


( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
1
1
, , 1 .
z I f z z I f z
J f
I f z I f z



+
+

= +

(10)




Set

( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
1 2
1 1
.
4 2 4 2
I f z
k k
z H z H z H z
I f z

| | | |
= = +
| |
\ . \ .
(11)

We note that ( ) H z is analytic in E and ( ) 0 1. H = We
want to show that
( )
1
in .
k
H P E Now, from Equations
6 and 10, we have:

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
, , .
zH z
J f z H z
H z

= +
+
(12)

Define

( )
( )
( )
( )
, 2 1
1
1 1
z z
z
z z


+ +
= +

(13)

Using convolution techniques, it follows that
( ) ( )
( )
( )
,
,
zH z
H z H z
z H z

| |
= +
|
+
\ .

and so, from Equations 11 and 13 we have:

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
1 2
1 2
1 2
, ,
1 1
4 2 4 2
zH z
J f z H z
H z
zH z zH z k k
H z H z
H z H z

= +
+
| | | |
| | | |
= + + +
| | | |
| |
+ + \ . \ .
\ . \ .
(14)

Since ( ) , , ,
k
f M

it follows that

( )
( )
( )
( ), 1, 2, .
i
i
i
zH z
H z P i z E
H z

(
+ =
(
+


Thus, from Lemma 2, it follows that ( )
1 i
H P and
consequently ( )
1
in
k
H P E where
1
is given by
Equation 9. This completes the proof.


Theorem 2

Let ( ) , , .
k
f M

Then I f

is univalent, if
( ) 2 1
, 0, 0 1.
1
k

+
> <

Proof

Since ( ) , , ,
k
f M

it follows that
( ) ( ) , , , .
k
J f P z E

Therefore, with
, 2
i
z re k

=
Noor 4453



( ) ( )
2 2
0 0
, , , ,
Re , Re 2 ,
1 1
J f J f
d k d






=

} }

and these together imply
( )
( ) ( )
2
1
1 2
1 2 1
Re , , , 0 2 , 0 1.
2
k
J f d

+
> < <
`
)
}
This is equivalent to
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
1
1
1
1 2 1 1
Re 1 ,
2
z I f z z I f z k
d
I f z I f z

+
+

+
| |
+ >
` ` |
\ .
)
)
}

now, the required result follows by using Lemma 5.


Theorem 3

Let
1 2
1 . < < Then
( ) ( )
2 1
, , 0 , , 0
k k
M M

.


Proof

Define
( )
( )( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )
1 1 1
2
2 2 2
1 2 1
, .
1 2 1
m
m
m
z z z z E
m

=
+ + +
= +
+ + +

Then A and, for , z E

( )
( )
( )
( )
2 1
1 2 1 1
1
1 1
z z
z
z z


+ +
= < <

(15)

This implies
( )
( )
2
1 2
1
1 1
2 2
1
z
z S C
z

+
| | | |

| |
\ . \ .
,
and therefore, ( ) z is prestarlike of order
2
1
2
| |
|
\ .
. Now
let ( )
2
, , 0 , .
k
f M z E

Writing
( ) ( ) ( )
1 2
1 1
,
4 2 4 2
k k
H z H z H z
| | | |
= +
| |
\ . \ .
we have

( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
1 2
1
2
, , , ,
1
4 2
1
, , 1, 2, .
4 2
i
z
J f z J f z
z
z k
H z
z
z k
H z H P i z E
z

=
`
)
| |
| |
= +
| |
\ .
\ .
| |
| |
=
| |
\ .
\ .

Since ( ) , 0 1
i i
H P H = and
i
H is analytic in E for
1, 2, i = there exist
i
s S such that ( )
( )
( )
.
i
i
i
zs z
H z
s z

=
Therefore,
4454 Int. J. Phys. Sci.




,
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i i
i
i
zs
z H z
z z s
zs
s
s
s
H s
s S
s

| |
| |
= |
|
|
\ .
\ .

Using Lemma 6, we note that ( )
i
H P , and this
implies that ( ) ( )
2 1
, , , ,
k
J f J f P

= for
, z E and therefore ( )
1
, , 0 in .
k
f M E

This
completes the proof.


Theorem 4

Let ( ) 0, , for .
k
f M z E

Then,
( )
0
, , for
k
f M z r

< , where
0
r is given by
Equation 8 with
( )
2 2
, and 2 1 1,
1 1
s A s



+
= = = + +

and
this radius is exact.


Proof

Let ( ) H z be an analytic function as defined by Equation
11. Since ( ) 0, , ,
k
f M

it follows that
( ) , 1, 2.
i
H P i = Therefore, with
( ) ( ) ( ) 1 , , 1, 2,
i i i
H z h z h P i = + = we have for
, z E
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
1
1
1
2
2
2
1 1
, ,
1 4 2 1
1
4 2 1
zh z k
J f h z
h z
zh z k
h z
h z

| |
| |
| ( = + +
|

| + +
\ .
\ .
| |
| |
| +
|
| + +
\ .
\ .

Now using Lemma2.4 with
( ) 1 ,
1

+
=

0,
1
s

= >

we can see that

( )
, 1, 2
1
i
i
i
zh
h P i
h

| |
+ = |
|
+ +
\ .
, for
0
z r < and
consequently ( ) , , ,
k
f M

for
0
z r < where
0
r is
given by Equation 8.




As a special case, we note that with
1, 0 and 0, = = = we have .
k
f R Then, from
Theorem 4, it follows that
k
f V for
0
1
0.268 2 3.
7 48
z r < =
+
When we
choose 2, k = it gives us the radius of convexity for
starlike functions.


Theorem 5

For
( ) ( )
2 1 1 2
0 , , , , ,
k k
M M

<
.


Proof

For
2
0, = the proof is immediate from Theorem 1.
Therefore we let
2
0 > and ( )
1
, , .
k
f M

Then
we can write,
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 1 1
1 1
2 2
1 1
, , ( ) , , ( ) 1
1 ,
z I f z
J f z J f z
I f z
H z p z

| |
= +
|
\ .
| |
= +
|
\ .

where ( ),
k
H P since ( )
1
, ,
k
f M

and
( ),
k
p P by Theorem 1.
It is known (Noor, 1992), that ( )
k
P is a convex set
and this implies that ( ) ( ) ( )
2
, , , .
k
J f z P z E

This completes the proof.


Theorem 6

( ) ( ) { }
0
0, , 0 0, 1, , 0,1, 2,
k k
M n M n n N

+ =
and is given as:

( )
2
2
.
2 1 4 4 9
n
n n n
= =
+ + + +
(16)


Proof

Set
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) { }
( ) ( ) { }
1
1
1
2
1
1
4 2
1
1 ,
4 2
n
n
I f z
k
z h z h z
I f z
k
h z


+
+

| |
= = + +
|
\ .
| |
+
|
\ .
(17)




where ( ) h z is analytic in E and ( ) 0 1. h = From
Equation 17 and identity of Equation 6 with , n = we
have:


( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ),
n
k
n
I f z zh z
z h z P n z E
I f z h z n

= +
`
+

)


with ( )
( ) ( )
1 2
1
2
1 1
n n n
z z
z
z z

+ +
(
= + (

(

, and using
convolution technique, we note that


( ) ( )
( )
( )
.
n
zh z
h z h z
z h z n

| |
= +
|
+
\ .
(18)

Therefore, from Equations 17 and 18, it follows that,
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1
1 , 1,2, .
1
i
i
i
zh z
h z P i z E
h z n

( + + =
+ +
(


We form the functional ( ) , u v by choosing
( ) ( ) , .
i i
u h z v zh z

= = Thus,
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
1
, 1
1
v
u v u
u n

= + +
+ +
.
The first two conditions of Lemma 1 are clearly
satisfied. We verify the condition 3 as follows:

( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
( )( )( )
( ) ( )
( )
1
2 1 2 2
2
2
2
2
2
1 2
2 2
2
2
2
1 1 2
1
Re ,
1
1 1
1
, 1
2
2 1
,
2
n v
iu v
n u
n u
v u
n u
A Bu
C

+
= +
+ +
+ +
+
(
+ +

+
=


where


( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )
2
1
2
1
2 2
2
2
2 1 ,
2 1 1 ,
1 0.
A n n
B n
C n u



= + +
= +
= + + >


We note that ( )
2 1
Re , 0 iu v if and only if
1
0 A and
1
0. B From
1
0, A we obtain
n
= as given by
Equation 16 and
1
0 B gives us 0 1.
n
< < Thus,
applying Lemma 1, we have for ,
i
h P z E and
Noor 4455



consequently ( )
k
h P in E where is given by
Equation 16. This completes the proof.
For 0, n = we have a result proved in Noor et al.
(2009) that
1
in .
2
k k
f V f R E
| |

|
\ .
The case,
0, n = and 2, k = gives us a well-known result that
every convex function is starlike function of order
1
.
2



Theorem 7

Let C and
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
0, , .Then 0, , for . f M f M z E




Proof

Since ( ) ( ), I f I f

= we have,

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
*
*
*
, ,
z I f
I f
z I f z I f I f
I f I f I f
F I f
F P z E
I f

(

= =
(

=

We use Lemma 6 to obtain
( )
( )
( )
I f
z P
I f

(


(

in
E and this implies that
( ) ( )
2
0, , , . f M z E

We give some applications of Theorem 7 as follows:


Corollary 1: The classes ( ) 0, , M

are invariant
under the following integral operators:

( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 2
0 0
1
3 4
0 0
2
() , ( ) , (Libera's operator )
1
(iii) , 1, 1, ( ) ,Re 0
z z
z z
c
c
f t
i f z dt ii f z f t dt
t z
f t f xt c
f z dt x x iv f z t f t dt c
t xt z

= =
+
= = >

} }
} }


Proof

Let,
4456 Int. J. Phys. Sci.




( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
1 2
3 4
1
log 1
log 1 , 2
1 1 1
log , , Re 0.
1 1
m
m
z z
z z z
z
xz c
z z z c
x z m c

=
+ (

= =
+ | |
= = >
|
+ \ .


It can easily be verified that
i
is convex for each
1, 2, 3, 4. i = Now the proof follows immediately since we
can write * , 1, 2, 3, 4.
i i
f f i = =
Definition for
0
, n N

( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
1
0
0
2 1
1
1 2
1
1
1
,
1
*
1
1, 1; 2, *
* *
1 1
* * .
z
n
n n
m
m
n n
n n
n
L f t f t dt
z
n
z z f z
n m
z F n n z f z
z z
f z
z z
f z f z f z

+ +

+
+
=
+ | |
= +
|
+ +
\ .
= + +
(
= (

(

=
}

(19)

This shows that,

( ) ( )
1 n n n
I L f I f
+
= (20)

From Equations 19 and 20, we have the Theorem 8.


Theorem 8

Let
( ) ( ) ( )
0
, 1, , .Then , , for .
k n k
f M n n N L f M n z E

+
We now prove the following radius problems as Theorem
9.


Theorem 9

Let ( )
0
0, 1,0 , .
k
f M n n N

+ Then
( ) 0, , 0 ,
k
f M n

for
n
z r < , where,

( )
2
1
2 3
n
n
r
n
+
=
+ +
(21)

This result is sharp.




Proof

Let
( ) ( )
( )
( )
1
1
. Then in .
n
k
n
I f z
z H z H P E
I f z
+
+

= Using
identity of Equation 6 with , n = we have:

( )
( )
( )
( )
1
1
n
n
I f z
n H z n
I f z
+
+ = + (22)

Differentiating Equation 22 logarithmically and writing
( ) ( ) ( )
1 2
1 1
,
4 2 4 2
k k
H z H z H z
| | | |
= +
| |
\ . \ .
we have:

( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
4 2
1
.
4 2
n
n
I f z zH z
z H z
I f z H z n
zH z k
H z
H z n
zH z k
H z
H z n

= +
+
| |
| |
= + +
|
|
|
+
\ .
\ .
| |
| |
+
|
|
|
+
\ .
\ .
(23)

For 1, 2 i = and in ,
i
H P E we have:

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
2 1
Re Re 1 .
1
1
1
1 4 1
Re ,
1 1
i
i i
i
i
zH z r
H z H z
r
H z n r
n
r
n r n r
H z
r n r



+
` `

+

)
+
+ )

+ +

=
`
+

)
(24)

where we have used Lemma 3. The right hand side of
Equation 24 is positive for ,
n
z r < and
n
r is given by
Equation 21. By taking ( )
1
,
1
i
z
H z
z
+
=

we see that value

of
n
r is exact. Hence, from Equation 23 and 24, it follows
that
( ) ( )
( )
for
n
k n
n
I f z
z P z r
I f z

< and this completes

the proof.


Conclusion

In this paper, we have used the convolution technique to
introduce some new subclasses of analytic functions in
the unit disc. We have obtained several results such as
inclusions results and radius problems for these classes




of analytic functions. We have also discussed some
special cases of our results. These results may stimulate
further research in this field.


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors are grateful to Dr. S. M. Junaid Zaidi, Rector,
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Pakistan,
for providing the excellent research facilities


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