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JoeMooney, y,PE
POWEREngineershasmetthestandardsandrequirementsofthe RegisteredContinuingEducationProgram.Creditearnedon completionofthisprogramwillbereportedtoRCEPP.Acertificateof completion p willbeissuedtoeachp participant. p Assuch, ,itdoesnot includecontentthatmaybedeemedorconstruedtobean approvalorendorsementbyNCEESorRCEPP.
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ThiseducationalactivityisprotectedbyU.S.andInternational copyrightlaws.Reproduction,distribution,displayanduseofthe educationalactivity ywithoutwrittenp permissionofthep presenteris prohibited. POWERE Engineers i 2009
LearningObjectives
Attheendofthispresentationyouwillbeableto:
IdentifytheelectricalrequirementsforHVDClines. Id tif th Identify thecomponents t used din i ACt toDCconversion. i UnderstandthehistoryofHVDCconversionandtransmission UnderstandtheoperationofHVDCconversiontechnology. UnderstandtherequirementsofanHVDCconvertorstation. UnderstandthedifferencesbetweenclassicHVDCandnewHVDC technology. UnderstandthefundamentalrequirementsofHVDCtransmissionline design. UnderstandtheinsulationrequirementsforanHVDCline.
HVDC ABriefHistory
FirstHVDCSystemCommissionedin1954
Gotland,Sweden 100kV, 100kV 20MW, 20MW 60milesofsubmarinecable
FirstInstallationinNorthAmericain1969
VancouverIsland,BC 260kV,312MW,46milesofsubmarinecable
GraphicCourtesyABB PhotoCourtesyABB
HighestVoltageinOperation 600kV
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Itaipu,Brazil 1987,twocircuits@3150MWeach,490+miles
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LongestSubmarineCable
NorwaytoNetherlands 362Miles 2008,450kV,700MW
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GraphicCourtesySiemens
LongestCircuit Over1550miles
RioMaderia inBrazil 600kV,3150MW Scheduledtobeinoperationin2012
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WhentoUseHVDC
LongDistance LongUnderground/SubmarineCables AsynchronousSystems ControlledPowerTransfer ReduceRight g ofWay y
HVDCProjects j PlannedinChina
Source:MarketAvenue
500kVvs.500kVAC
800kVvs.800kVAC
TypicalHVDCConverterStation
GraphicCourtesyABB
HVDCTechnology
HVDCClassic
LineCurrentCommutated;Thyristors Largeblocksofpower;1000s 1000 sofMW Highvoltageapplications;800kV
HVDCLight/PLUS Li ht/PLUS
VoltageSourceCommutated;IGBT Smallblocksofpower;100sofMW Lowervoltages;200kV
HVDCClassicDesign
TwelvePulseConverter RequiresSpeciallyDesignedTransformers PowerSystemMustSupplyReactivePower ThyristorsareSwitchedonandturnedoffbyreversevoltage HarmonicFiltersarerequired
HVDCClassicValveGroups
PhotosCourtesySiemens
HVDCClassicConverterTransformer
PhotosCourtesyABB
HVDCClassicACFilters
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3000MWHVDCClassicStation
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HVDCLightDesign
InsulatedGateBipolarTransistors Offtheshelftransformer Switchedonandoff PulseWidthModulation Powerfactorcanbecontrolled Simplehighpassfilterforhighorderharmonics
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HVDCLightComponents
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HVDCLightStation
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HVDCOperation
Monopole
Singlepositivedcvoltage(e.g.,+500kV)
Onehighvoltageconductor
Neutralreturn
Metallicreturnvialowvoltageconductor Earthreturnthroughgroundelectrode
AC P Power System
AC C Power System m
Monopole p HVDC
AC Power Sy ystem
HVDCOperation
Bipole
Positiveandnegativevoltage(e.g.,500kV)
Twohighvoltageconductors
Neutralreturn
Metallicreturnvialowvoltageconductor Earthreturnthroughgroundelectrode
BestOperationalFlexibility
Operateinmonopoleconfigurationasneeded Allowsformaintenanceoroutageofonepole ptohalfofratedp poweroutput p Up
AC Powe er System
AC Powe er System
AC Power r System
AC Powe er System
CostComparison HVDCvs.AC
HVDChasahigherinstallationcostduetothe converterstationsandfilteringrequirements. ThecostofanHVDClineislessthanthecost ofanACline. Long L AClines li aremoreexpensive i due d toshunt h andseriescompensationrequirements.
Costvs.DistanceforHVDCandAC
ElectricalConsiderations
Insulation Metallicorearthreturn(groundelectrode) Audible dibl Noise i MagneticandElectricFields
InsulationRequirements
AirClearanceRequirements
SwitchingPerformance Lightning
Altitude Pollution/Contaminants
AirClearanceRequirements
8 6 4 2 0 500 800 System y voltage g ( (kV) ) 1100 EHVAC Air Clearance Requirements (meter)
EHVAC
Switching primary Lightning secondary
2.6p.u. 1.8p.u.
HVDC
HVDC Air Clearance Requirements (meter)
8 6 4 2 0 400
GraphicCourtesyABB
EffectofAltitude
Relativeincreaseininsulation requirementswithaltitude
1.30
Lightning
EHVAC
Ai AirClearance Cl (switching) Insulation(p (pollution) )
Switching Pollution
HVDC
AirClearance (lightning) Insulation(creepage)
500 1000 1500 2000
Altitude(meter)
EarthReturn
MetallicReturn
Samecurrentratingasmainconductor Insulatedforvoltagedropcausedbycurrentflow
EarthReturn
Expansivegroundelectrode Requiressignificantstudy
Gravitysurvey,hydrologicalsurvey,electricalresistivity survey,geologicalmodeling
IPPSouthernElectrode
CoronaandAudibleNoise
WeatherhasSmallerEffectonCoronaLosses forHVDCLines RequirementforConductorBundlingis ReducedforHVDCLinestoMeetAudible NoiseRequirements
CoronaandAudibleNoise
Typical corona losses (kW/km)
Frost 1000
EHVAC
Rain
Fair
100
HVDC
10 1 0
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EHVAC,HVDC
500
1500
2000
UHVACConductorBundles for55dBMaximum
2000 1500
6 6 9
2000 1500
2 4 5 6
Altitude (meter)
MagneticandElectricFields
NoMagneticInductionfromDC CurrentflowinOppositeDirectionsCancel MagneticFieldEffectonHVDC
ComparabletoEarthsMagneticField(50T)
FieldRequirementsforDCarelessStringent thanAC
GreaterPublicAcceptance
ItaipuHVDCandEHVSystem
HVDCLineCostabout70%ofACLine
ITAIPU 2x6300MW
Itaipu p 765kVAcLines
Line1. 891km1982,86, Line2. 891km1989 Line3. 915km1999,00,01
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About70%GuyedVee Averageweight8500kg,guyed Selfsupporting,weight14000kg 15.80mPhasespacing,guyed 14.30mPhasespacing,selfsupport Conductor4xBluejay564mmACSR 450mmsubconductorspacing 35Insulators 95mRoW oneline 178mRoW twolines
Itaipu600kVHVDCLines
Bipole 1792km1984 Bipole 2820km1987
PhotoCourtesyABB
Thankyouforyourtime.
QUESTIONS?
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