Amplify-and-Forward Relay Transmission System over Mixed Rayleigh and Hoyt Fading Channels

Petar Spalevi1, Mihajlo Stefanovi2, Stefan Pani2, Veljko Stankovi1

2

State University of Novi Pazar Faculty of Electronic Engineering, University of Ni E-mail: stefanpnc@yahoo.com

Abstract - In this paper an approach to the performance analyzis of dual hop amplify-and-forward transmission system, where the source-relay and the relay-destignation channels experiance Rayleigh and Hoyt fading respectively, is presented. The exact and lower bounds performance measures, such as outage probability and average bit error probability are derived. The proposed mathematical analysis is complemented by numerical results, which show the effects of system parameters on overal performance. Keywords - Wireless relays, Ampilfy-and-Forward, Hoyt fading

1 Introduction
Multihop communications are a reasnable option for providing broader and more efficient coverage in both modern (ad-hoc, WLAN) and traditional (bent pipe satellites) communications networks, since the demand for high data rate in current and future wireless networks has been countiniosly rising. Multihop transmission is a communication technique that arises in many applications: to attain broader coverage without the need to use large power at the transmitter; to communicate via ad hoc networks where nodes are communicating without the aid of central control/infrastructure; to combat the impairment of the wireless channel through spatial/multiuser diversity. The main idea of multy and dualhop transmission is that a mobile terminal relays a signal between the base station and a nearby mobile terminal when the direct link between the base station and the original mobile terminal is in deep fade, in order that, signals from the source to the destination propagate through two or more hops/links in series [1-2]. Dual-hop transmission systems can be classified into two main categories, depending on the nature and complexity of the relays: 1) regenerative systems 2) nonregenerative systems. Further, relays in nonregenerative systems can in their turn be classified into two subcategories, namely, 1) blind relays and 2) channel state information (CSI)-assisted relays. In the case of regenerative systems (Decode-and-Forward), the relay fully decodes the signal that went through the first hop and retransmits the decoded version into the second hop. Nonregenerative systems use less complex relays

that just amplify and forward the incoming signal without performing any sort of decoding (Amplify-andForward). Systems with blind relays employ at the relays amplifiers with fixed gains and consequently result in a signal with variable power at the relay output. On the other hand, nonregenerative systems with CSI-assisted relays use instantaneous CSI of the first hop to control the gain introduced by the relay and as a result fix the power of the retransmitted signal. Several papers have studied the performance of amplify-and-forward (AF) relay systems using performance measures such as the outage probability [3] and the average bit error probability (ABEP) [4][6]. In [4], the ABEP of two hop systems with AF relaying over Rayleigh fading channels has been studied. In [6] lower bounds for the performance of a two hop channel state information (CSI) assisted AF relay system over non identically distributed generalized gamma fading channels have been presented. In [7] AF relay system operating in an Rayleigh-Ricean fading environment was studied. However, due to various objects in the enviroment a base station link cannot always have strong LOS (line-of-sight) componnent, so more common case is when that link expiriance different type of fading. Moreover to the best knowelege of authors, there is no case in literature, when this link is considered over the influence of Hoyt fading. In this paper, an approach to the preformance analysis of a two hop AF relay system in an asymmetric fading environment. Also lower bounds which become tight for high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) are derived. Numerical results are presented to discuss the effects of fading parameters on overal system performance.

2 System model
Dual hop transmission is a technique by which the channel from the source to the destination is split into two, possibly shorter, links using a relay. Communication from the source S to the destination D via a relay R takes place in two time slots. In the first time slot, S sends its signal to R, while in the second time slot, R first amplifies the received signal by a gain factor G and then forwards the resultant signal to D. It is assumed that there is no direct path between S and D. The instantaneous end-to-end SNR, eq, at the destination can be defined as:

( P / N 0 ) hSR 2 ( P2 / N 0 ) hRD 2 eq = 1 ( P2 / N 0 ) hRD 2 + (1 / G 2 N 0 )

(1)

Here |hSR| and |hRD| are the fading amplitudes of the wireless channels in the SR and RD links, P1 and P2 are the transmit power at S and R respectively, and N0 is the power of the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) component. If G is selected according to the instantaneous CSI assisted relay gain then eq can be reexpressed as [4]:
eq = 1 2 1 + 2 + c

to help the designers of wireless communications system's to meet the QoS and grade of service (GoS) demands. Outage probability Pout is defined as the probability that the instantaneous end-to-end SNR falls below a threshold th, also known as a protection ratio. Therefore mathematically, the outage probability can be defined as:
1 2 Pout = F eq ( th ) = Pr < th + + c 1 2

(6)

(3)

where Feq () is the CDF of the end-to-end SNR. After applying some algebraic manipulations Feq (th) can be reexpressed as [7]:
2 + c th F eq ( th ) = 1 C 1 th + th p 2 [ th + w ] dw w 0

here 1 = |hSR|2P1/N0 and 2 = |hRD|2P2/N0 are the SNRs per hop. Exact eq is given by substituting c = 1, and well approximated at high SNR by substituting c = 0. An asymmetric scenario for the fading distributions of the SR and RD links will be studied, namely: the SR link is subject to Rayleigh fading and the RD link is subject to Hoyt fading. The proposed model can represent either an up or down link in a mobile communication network. In the first case a mobile station acts as S, another mobile station as R and a base station as D. SR link experiences Rayleigh fading, so 1 is exponentially distributed with probability density function (PDF) given by [7]: 1 (4) p ( 1 ) = exp 1 1 1
1

(7) with Ci () = 1 Fi () the complementary CDF of i After substituting (5) into (7), we can express Feq (th) as
2 th + c th + th 1 + q2 w F eq ( th ) = 1 exp _ _ 2q 0 1 2 (1 q 2 ) 2 ( + w) (1 q 4 )( + w) th th I dw exp _ _ 0 2 2 4q 2 4q 2 (8)

where 1 = E{|hSR|2}P1/N0 is the average per hop SNR of the SR channel and E{} is the statistical expectation. RD link experiences Hoyt fading, 2 is distributed according to [8] :
p2 ( 2 ) = 1 + q2 (1 q 2 ) 2 2 exp _ _ 2 2q 2 4q 2

After some straightforward mathematical manipulations (7) can be written as:

2 2 1 + q2 (1 + q ) th exp th Feq ( th ) = 1 exp _ _ _ 4q2 2 2q 2 1

2 + cth th 2k _ 2k n 4 2k 1 2k th 1 q 2 n (k !)2 2 _ (1 + q2 )2 k =0 n=0 8q 2 _ 2 4q 2 2 + c (1 + q2 )2 K2k +1 2 th _ th _ 4q2 2 1

(1 q 4 ) 2 I _ 0 2 4q 2

(5)

( )

where where 2 = E{|hRD|2}P2/N0, is the average per hop SNR of the SR channel I0(x) is the zeroth-order modified Bessel function of the first kind and 0 q 1 is the Hoyt fading parameter.

2 k +1 2

(9) here K () represents the -order modified Bessel function of the second kind [9, Eq. (8.446)]. It can be shown, that (9) converges quickly for a finite number of summation terms, and for arbitrary SNRs. Several recent papers have approximated eq using an upper bound b given by [7]:

3 Performance analysis
3.1 Outage probability is standard performance Outage probability Pout criterion of communication systems operating over fading channels. This performance measure is also used

b = min (1, 2 )

(10)

4 Numerical results
Numerical results are presented in order to discuss the effects of fading parameters on overal performance. From figure 2 we can see that outage probability deteritoriates for the higher values of defined threshold th. Also from figure 3 we can conclude that higher values of Hoyt fading parametar q lead to increasing the outage probability. Figures 3 and 4 deal with ABEP. We can derive simillar conclusions that decreasing the value of Hoyt fading parametar q lead to providing better performances of relay transmitting system, because ABEP then tends to smaller values.

Also, a closed-form lower bound to (9) can be given by:

Pout = Pr [ min ( 1 2 ) < th ] = 1 C 1 ( th ) C 2 ( th ) = 2 2 2 k + 1, (1 + q ) _ 4q 2 2 1 exp _th 1 1 k =0 ( 2 k + 1) 1 4 2k (1 q ) q 2 4 k +1 2 k 1 (1 + q ) 2

(11) Outage probability for various values of th and Hoyt fading parametar q for the case of 1 = 2 , is presented at Fig. 2 and Fig.3. 3.2 Average Bit Error Probability
_ _

0.1
Outage probability

Another useful measure for evaluating the performance of wireless communication applications is the average bit error probability (ABEP). ABEP can be computed by determining the PDF of eq and then averaging the conditional BEP in AWGN, Pb(e|), over this PDF [10]:
Pb ( e ) =

0.01
y

th

= 0 dB 5 dB

yth=
y
th

= 10 dB

1E-3

q=0.2

Full symbol interiour- Equation (9) Blank symbol interiour Lower bound

1E-4

Pb ( e ) p eq ( ) d

(12)

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Average SNR per Hop [dB]

with:
Pb ( e ) = 1 2

Fig 1. Outage probability for various values of th and the case

t2 exp 2

dt

of 1 = 2

(13)
1

Outage probability

The following error performance derivations are related to well-known modulation schemes employed in communication systems such as BPSK ( = 2), QPSK ( = 1) and square/rectangular M-QAM. After some mathematical transformations, it can be shown that ABEP of (11) can be written in the term of:
Pe = 1 2

0.1

0.01

t2 t2 F eq exp dt 2

q=0.2 q=0.5

(14)

1E-3
y
th

q=0.8

= 0 dB

Full symbol interiour- Equation (9)

for the case of exact form solution from (9) and:

Pe = 1 2

Blank symbol interiour-Lower bound

1E-4 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

t2 t2 Pout exp dt 2

Average SNR per Hop [dB]

(15)
Fig 2. Outage probability for various values of Hoyt fading parametar q and the case of 1 = 2
_ _

for the case of lower bound (10). ABEP for BPSK and QPSK modulation schemes and various values of Hoyt fading parametar q for the case of 1 = 2 , is presented at Fig. 3 and Fig.4.
_ _

5 Conclusion
We have presented the expressions for performance measures of the dual hop communication system with CSI assisted AF relay in mixed fading environments, such as outage probability and ABEP. Rayleigh fading was assumed over the SR link while Hoyt fading was assumed over the RD. Numerical results are presented with the discussion on the influence of fading parameters on overal system performance.

0.1

ABEP BPSK

0.01

q=0.2 q=0.5

1E-3

q=0.8

Full symbol interiour- Equation (9) Blank symbol interiour Lower bound

1E-4 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

References
[1] L. Yang, M .O. Hasna, M.-S. Alouini: Average Outage Duration of Multihop Communication Systems With Regenerative Relays, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communication, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 13661371, July 2005 [2] M. O. Hasna and M.-S. Alouini: A performance study of dualhop transmissions with fixed gain relays, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 19631968, 2004. [3] Y. Zhu, Y. Xin, and P.-Y. Kam: Outage probability of Rician fading relay channels, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 57, pp. 2648-2652, July 2008 [4] M. O. Hasna and M.-S. Alouini: End-to-end performance of transmission systems with relays over Rayleigh-fading channels, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 2, pp. 1126-1131, Nov. 2003 [5] J. Adeane, M. R. D. Rodriques, and I. J. Wassell: Characterization of the performance of cooperative networks in Ricean fading channels, in Proc. ICT 2005, Cape Town, South Africa, May 2005. [6] S. Ikki and M. H. Ahmed: Performance analysis of dualhop relaying communications over generalized Gamma fading channels, in Proc.IEEE Global Communications Conf. (Globecom 2007), pp. 3888-3893 [7] H. Surawereea, R. Luie, Y. Li, G. Karagiannidis, and B. Vueti: Two hop amplify-and-forward transmission in mixed Rayleigh and Rician fading channels, IEEE Comm. Letters., vol. 53, pp. 227-230, April 2008 [8] M. K. Simon and M.-S. Alouini: Digital Communication over Fading Channel, John Wiley & Sons, 2000. [9] I. S. Gradshteyn and I. M. Ryzhik: Table of Integrals, Series and Products. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 2000. [10] W. C. Y. Lee: Mobile Communications Engineering, Mc-Graw-Hill, New York 1992.

Average SNR per Hop [dB]

Fig 3. ABEP for the case of BPSK modulation and various values of system parametars with 1 = 2
_ _

0.1

ABEP QPSK

0.01

q=0.2 q=0.5

1E-3

q=0.8

Full symbol interiour- Equation (9) Blank symbol interiour-Lower bound

1E-4 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Average SNR per Hop [dB]

Fig 3. ABEP for the case of QPSK modulation and various values of system parametars with 1 = 2
_ _