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SPINNING TECHNOLOGY
AG Obermattstrasse 65 CH-8330 Pfffikon-Zrich Switzerland Tel +41 1 953 14 14 Fax +41 1 953 14 90 E-mail sales@bracker.ch Web www.bracker.ch SA 132, rue Clemenceau F-68920 Wintzenheim France Tel +33 3 89 27 00 07 Fax +33 3 89 27 52 30 E-mail sales@bracker.fr Web www.bracker.fr S.R.L. Italy E-mail rmorera.bracker@mail.inet.it
Rf. BF 10 - 03 / 5.000 / 466 / GRAI
Congratulations on your interest in our products. We hope that this comprehensive and compact guide will answer all your questions. Our experts would be delighted to provide any further information on request. Their contact details are to be found on our website www.bracker.ch By choosing Brcker, you are choosing excellence and safety. Please accept our thanks, for it is thanks to you that our products are as good as they are.
English
SPINNING TECHNOLOGY
Subject to modification without prior notice
Summary
page 3
10-12 13 14-16 17
page 19
34-36 37 38-39 40-41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
Spinning rings
Rings, range of application Ring profiles Ring shapes Fixing methods Brcker Press-System 50 51 52 53 54
page 49
Rings with large difference inner / outer diameter Start-up proceeding for new rings Ring life time Brcker ring tolerances Designation of the ring parts, example for placing an order 55 56 57 58 59
page 61
70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78
Thread guide Distance top of the tube / thread guide = 1.5 to 2x tube (ring rail position at starting position) Anti-ballooning ring Anti-ballooning ring = ring + 2mm Distance ring rail / Anti-ballooning ring (ring rail position in starting position) = 2/3 of the distance ring rail / thread guide Spinning ring Spinning ring : max 1/5 of the tube length (exception Core Yarns) see chart below Horizontal, firm fixation of the rings in the ring rail. Correct setting of the traveller cleaner (see pages 40, 41, 45, 48)
Ratio ring- / tube- / tube length Medium tube- (mm) 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Ring- (mm) D 36 38 40 42 45 48 51 54 Tube length (mm) L 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270
Ideal range
Unfavourable range
Spinning geometry
Relation yarn count / ring diameter / flange type / traveller speed
see also page 4 The spinning geometry is determined (exception sewing thread) by the yarn count: Coarse counts Large ring diameter Flange 2 Long tubes Fine counts Small ring diameter Flange 1 Short tubes The maximum traveller speed is determined (with an optimum spinning geometry) by the yarn count and the twist rate.
43 Warp twist 38
v traveller m/s
33
28 Knit twist 23
18
10
12
16
20
24
30
36
40
50
60
80
105 132
Yarn count Ne
36 mm
Ratio ring diameter / tube length The ideal ratio ring diameter to tube winding length is 1:5 (see page 4) 5
den
tex
dtex
9 tex 0,9 tex 9000 Nm 5315 NeB 14882 NeL 17440 New 7972 NeK
0,1 dtex
10 tex -
0,111 den 1,111 den 1000 Nm 590 NeB 1654 NeL 1938 New 886 NeK 10000 Nm 5900 NeB
0,590 Nm 1,654 Nm 1,938 Nm 0,886 Nm 2,80 NeB 3,28 NeB 1,5 NeB 1,172 NeL 0,536 NeL 0,457 New -
19380 0,516 New 0,305 New 0,853 New New 8860 NeK
Mass count
Weight Length
tex
g km g 9000 m
den
Length count
Length Weight
Nm
m g 840 yds pound 300 yds pound 256 yds (woolen) pound 560 yds (worsted) pound
mm
70 67 63 60 57 54 51 48 45 42 40 38 36
Inch
23/4 33 34 36 38 40 42 25/8 31 33 35 36 38 40 42 43 45 21/2 29 31 33 34 36 38 39 41 42 23/8 28 29 31 33 34 36 37 39 40 42 44 45 21/4 25 27 28 30 31 32 34 35 37 38 40 41
21/8 25 26 28 29 31 32 34 35 36 38 39 41 42 43 45 2 24 25 26 28 29 30 32 33 34 36 37 38 40 41 42
17/8 22 24 25 26 27 29 30 31 32 34 35 36 37 39 40 41 42 44 13/4 21 22 23 24 26 27 28 29 30 31 33 34 35 36 37 39 40 41 42 43 44 15/8 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 19/16 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 41 42 43 11/2 127/64 9 000 9 500 10 000 10 500 11 000 11 500 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 40 41 42 43 45 46 47 48 49 50 23 24 25 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 12 000 12 500 13 000 13 500 14 000 14 500 15 000 15 500 16 000 16 500 17 000 17 500 18 000 18 500 19 000 19 500 20 000 20 500 21 000 21 500 22 000 24 000 24 500 25 000
Performance calculations Delivery: L = n = m/min T/m Production: Ppr = L x tex x 60 x l = g/h 1000 or Ppr = n x tex x 60 x l = g/h T/m x 1000 L Ppr n g/h l = Delivery in m/min. = Production in practice = Spindle speed in min-1 = Gram / hour (spindle) = Efficiency
Ring-
Hairiness
Measuring methods
Uster Tester 3 und 4 Method : A beam of light is directed on the yarn. The protruding fibres reflect the light and its intensity shows the hairiness value H (dimensionless value). Hairiness H : Total length of the protruding fibres within the measuring panel of 1 cm (e.g. H 4 corresponds to 4 cm fibres on 1 cm yarn). The value H is dimensionless. Measuring in combination with mass, IPI, neps. Evaluation of: medium hairiness / CV-hairiness, spectrogram. Uster Standards for hairiness available Further information: www.uster.com Zweigle hairiness measuring device G 566 Method: The fibres protruding from the body of the yarn are counted and classified to the following length rates: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, 21, 25 mm Measuring length 1m The S3 value is the sum of all hairs longer than 2mm. The index is a reference and can be taken as a standard value only when other rates have been selected. Further information: www.zweigle.com Please note: Hairiness is being measured on cops and bobbins and can not be directly compared with each other (bobbins show a higher hairiness).
10
Hairiness
Appearance
Yarn hairiness We speak of yarn hairiness when the body of the yarn has an exceeding number of long hair protruding out of it. Cop hairiness We speak of cop hairiness when the outer side of the cop has an exceeding number of long hair protruding out of it. Hairiness as a disturbance factor Hairiness is considered as a disturbance in the following operations : - Sizing machine (lateral hooking) - Warping, beam warping (dust) - Rewinding - Weaving (weft bars) Measuring methods The following measuring devices are on the market : - Uster Tester 3/4 - Zweigle G566 Hairiness Tester
Hairiness measuring methods see page 10 Kind of hairiness Yarn Cop Cause Remedy
Further information on our Info sheet 8051 "Hairiness of yarn and cop in ring spinning".
Symbols
Yarn hairiness
Cop hairiness
Ring condition Rough gliding surfaces reduce the braking effect of the ring traveller or disturb smooth running. Traveller weight too light: Poor twist contraction of the fibres on the spinning triangle Heavy friction of the balloon on the antiballooning ring resp. impact on the balloon separator Poor twist propagation to the spinning triangle. Too heavy traveller or too much wear on the traveller: Friction of the yarn leading to roughening and hairiness Traveller wear in yarn passage area, causing roughening
Replace rings (heavier ring travellers only rarely or temporarily bring improvement, yarn breaks increase) Ringzustand Increase traveller weight or choose another traveller type
Ringzustand Reduce traveller weight or choose another traveller type Reduce traveller running time
11
Hairiness
Appearance
Kind of hairiness Yarn Cop
Cause Uneven yarn tension Poor ring centring Poorly centred thread guides Thread guides with rough surfaces Open anti-ballooning ring Crooked tubes
Remedy Ringzustand Re-centre rings, spindles resp. thread guides Replace damaged parts Closed anti-balloon rings New tubes
Yarn passage Ringzustand Yarn is roughened in narrow Use a traveller with a larger yarn clearance yarn clearance Scratched up yarn passages Reduce traveller running catch the yarn and time roughen it Wire profile The wire profile can influence the yarn tension If necessary, adjust the traveller weight Cop diameter Fibres protruding from the cop are caught by the traveller and cut. This function does not work if distance between traveller and cop is too large. Electrostatic The fibres get electrostatically loaded (direction of charge +/without significance) Crippled cops Effect of the "beard breaker" fails Ringzustand Adjust traveller weight
udr dr f
Ringzustand Set the cop diameter to the largest possible size Use "beard breakers"
Ringzustand Increase air humidity Assure conductive discharge with isolated ring rails Ringzustand No remedy possible, however, improve general running behaviour
12
Rt RzD Ra
Rt RzD Ra
Rt RzD Ra
Rt RzD Ra
13
Yarn breaks
General By reducing yarn breaks, the spinning costs become lower and the productivity increases. By selecting the right ring and traveller, these performances can be substantially influenced.
Yarn strength
% 100 95 85 Yarn strength in the spinning process 85-95%
How does a yarn break? When the current spinning tension in the spinning process is higher than the current yarn strength. Practically, this means that a thin place in the yarn and a peak in tension occur simultaneously.
15 10 Spinning tension: 10-15% of the yarn strength Thin place Tension peaks Yarn break
Influence of the speed on yarn breaks At higher speeds more yarn is being produced. As the yarn breaks are mostly counted per time unit, the latter has to be considered. At higher speeds (with identical spinning geometry) the spinning tension is bound to be higher. The yarn strength however does not change, therefore the probability of yarn breaks does increase. Therefore on state-of-the-art ring spinning machines the spindle rotation is adjusted accordingly (reduction on the base and top of the cop).
Cop build-up
Yarn breaks
14
Balloon stability too slowly built-up Traveller jammed High curling tendency of the yarn
15
Yarn breaks
Example of annual loss in production due to yarn breaks
Basic data
Ne 24 30 40 Nm 40 50 70 Production/spindle/hour in grams 25 20 17
Annual loss in production by 1'000 spindles in tons 2,0 3,0 Ne 24
2,5
Ne 30 Ne 40
1,5
Depending on the breakage rate, the annual loss in production can be calculated, based on the following example:
1,0
16
Neps
When neps are mentioned in connection with rings and travellers, it means production neps. They do occur merely (and they are measurable) on yarns Ne 40 and finer.
Formation of neps Production neps do mainly occur in the upper half of the cop and on the top of the cone. It is the matter of pushed-back, retained fibres and they do arise on tight gliding points and edges as well as at too high spinning tensions.
Production neps
Cause Yarn clearance too tight Yarn passage intersects with the wear and tear spot Unsuited wire profile Spinning tension too high Notched thread guide
Remedy Select a traveller with a higher bow Reduce life time, select a lighter traveller Change from f to udr, resp. from udr to dr Select a lighter traveller Replace Yarn clearance
Yarn passage
When yarn passage and wear and tear area separated: No risk for neps.
When yarn passage intersects with wear and tear area: Formation of neps possible.
17
1 Inner traveller width 2 Height of bow 3 Yarn passage 4 Wire section 5 Traveller - ring contact surface 6 Angle of toe 7 Toe 8 Opening 9 Upper part of traveller bow
1 9
2 5
7 4
20
Yarn clearance
The yarn clearance must be adapted to the yarn count, yarn twist (volume) as well as to the fibres processed. The yarn clearance does also influence the fibre lubrication (see page 24) : Reduced yarn clearance good lubrication Large yarn clearance reduced lubrication
- low-bowed traveller - reduced yarn clearance - low centre of gravity for fine cotton yarns for compact yarns Optimum fibre lubrication
- low to medium bowed traveller - small to medium yarn clearance for fine to medium fine cotton yarns Normal fibre lubrication
- high-bowed traveller - large yarn clearance for medium to coarse cotton yarns, also suitable for blends and synthetics (see page 30) Reduced fibre lubrication
21
Wire sections
The wire section does influence the yarn quality, the running behaviour, the performance and the life time of the travellers. The right choice of the wire section is an important factor for optimum results. f Only for cotton: improves the traveller lubrication.
dr
Synthetics and blends: prevents fibre damage. Fine cotton yarns: reduces production (push-back) neps.
udr
For cotton and blends: Through an enlarged contact surface on the ring raceway, highest performances are possible. For Core yarns with PES core, acrylics and delicate fibres. f-profile at the toe increases the ring contact. r-profile for fibre protection in the yarn passage. Special profile for SU travellers. Application for Viscose and Polyester.
fr
drh
Finishing treatments
For C-shaped travellers Travellers with an additional finish show the following advantages: Higher traveller speeds Longer traveller life Improved running behaviour and as a result a more consistent yarn quality Rust / oxidation protection (specially Starlet and Record2) High performance travellers are only available with a finishing treatment Saphir Diffusion treatment Brcker Saphir has been especially developed for high performances. The enrichment components are present throughout the entire traveller section and do generate their effect even when the surface is affected. Saphir can be used for the ring running-in, normal operation and covers the entire fibre and yarn count range. Starlet Electrolytic surface treatment (special nickel plating) A nickel coating is applied with a special process. Low friction values in the yarn passage prevent fibre damages. Optimum resistance to corrosion.
Magic Nickel/Teflon coating In case of poor lubrication through dry cotton or special softening agents on synthetic fibres, the traveller life can be increased considerably. Record2 Coating made of nickel alloy Special finish for the processing of synthetic fibres. This finish is applied on SU travellers and travellers with fr profile.
23
Traveller friction
The traveller has, among other things, the function to regulate the spinning tension. This spinning tension must be high enough to keep the thread balloon stable and, on the other hand, not too high in order to avoid yarn breaks due to tension. The ring / traveller system in the short staple spinning operates "dry". At high speeds normal friction systems only work with additional lubricants. The ring / traveller system does only function thanks to this so-called fibre lubrication. As a result, the fibres protruding from the yarn body between ring and traveller are crushed and form a steady regenerating lubrication film.
Fibre lubrication Lubricating film
Depending on the fibre (dry or strong waxcontaining cotton or softening agents on synthetics) the resulting coefficient of friction differs. The coefficient of friction of the fibre lubrication can vary in extreme cases from 0.08 to 0.12. This is the reason, why in some cases for identical spinning conditions different traveller weights must be applied.
24
Traveller friction
The spinning tension is the result of the following values:
Parameter Traveller weight Ring diameter Traveller speed Coefficient of friction Depending on Yarn count, spinning geometry Spinning geometry, machine Spindle speed, ring diameter Fibre, yarn hairiness, use of existing resources.
Example: A traveller with 40 mg weight develops at a coefficient of friction of 0.08 about the same friction as a traveller with 28 mg weight and a coefficient of friction of 0.12
Traveller friction
mN 350
Traveller weight in mg
300
200 150
100
0.08
0.09
0.1
0.11
0.12
R=N
R = Traveller friction in mN = Coefficient of friction 2 N = Normal force Fz mL x v r Fz = Centrifugal force mL = Mass of the traveller in mg v = Traveller speed in m/s r = Radius of the ring (inside)
25
250
40 35.5 31.5 28
The inclination of the traveller is primary influenced by the spinning geometry and the spinning tension. The stronger the inclination of the traveller, the more the yarn clearance is reduced and the better the traveller lubrication. The influences of traveller shape and inclination are shown in the following pictures: Low-bowed traveller
Position
medium inclination
strong inclination
High-bowed traveller 26
The traveller has, among other things, the important task to level out the different balloon forces. The following parameters are decisive: Ring rail stroke over build-up of cop (influence of tube length) Ring rail stroke during one traverse (small-/large cop diameter) determines the traveller pulling angle Variations of speeds over cops build-up Disturbing elements and influences (fly, turbulence, etc. ) Coefficient of friction ring / traveller (fibre lubrication)
The traveller changes its position during its work on the spinning ring in addition to the circular movement in 3 different directions: Tilting motion K Pitching motion N Radial motion R These motions are caused by the balloon forces variations. They are shown in the pictures.
K N
R N Conclusion The traveller is the levelling element in the spinning process. The right adjustment resp. choice of traveller under consideration of all mentioned parameters are decisive for the performance of the yarn quality during the spinning process. K
27
Traveller position and balloon shape on the base of the taper during spinning/winding
Traveller positions during spinning/winding on the base of the taper Calculated in practice (after running for 1-2 hours) Yarn passage
Contact area 28
Compact spinning
Compact spinning systems generate yarns with the most reduced hairiness. The fibre lubrication for the ring / traveller system is reduced and results in a poor lubrication. By using best suited rings and travellers the compact yarns can be processed under optimum conditions.
Conventional ring yarn
Ring shape Flange rings for normal to high speeds Orbit rings for highest performances Restricted yarn count range (see application recommendation page 42) Ring finish Titan for the entire range of application Travellers Low yarn clearance, ultra half round (udr) and half round (dr) profile Application recommendation
Compact yarn
Guiding values, the effective traveller types and numbers should be evaluated through trials
Orbit
SFB 2.8
PM udr/dr
Rieter K40/K44
63
45
40 35,5 28
25 22,4 18
16 16
14 12,5 14 12,5
FI 1
C 1 UL udr
80
56
45
40
C 1 EL udr
Suessen EliTe
FI 1
C 1 UL udr
25 22,4 20
16
14 12,5 11,2
29
Thread guide Notched or slightly torn thread guides damage the fibres and roughen the yarn.
Anti-ballooning ring A large bulging balloon increases the friction on the anti-ballooning ring, leading to mechanical and thermal fibre damages.
Remedy Apply heavier travellers to reduce friction on the antiballooning ring. In extreme cases, remove anti-ballooning ring (avoid balloon hitting on separators!).
30
Yarn passage Operating at high traveller speeds, the contact area of the traveller with the ring can become very hot. If the yarn runs too close in this area, damages might occur.
Remedy Use traveller with defined position of the yarn passage (C 1 UM, C 1 LM). For Core yarns with PES filament core use fr profile. Reduce speed if necessary.
Ring crown If the yarn touches the ring crown, thermal damages can occur. In addition, the yarn will be roughened.
Remedy Use traveller with defined position of the yarn passage (C 1 UM, C 1 LM). Use rings with a lower ring crown (Brcker rings).
31
Core yarns
Yarns with a filament core, which are covered by staple fibres (wrapping fibres). When processing core yarns it must be avoided that the wrapping fibres get pushed back at the guiding points, in particular in the yarn passage of the traveller. The traveller speeds are limited with such yarns. We distinguish between: Hard core Soft core
Core
Filament core made of PES (for sewing thread, etc.) Elastic filament core (Spandex, Lycra, Dorlastan, etc.)
Hard (PES Filament) Soft (Spandex)
Characteristics
Very delicate yarn for spinning. Due to the smooth surface of the filament, the wrapping fibres do adhere insufficiently and may be pushed back. The lower the ratio filament to the covering fibres, the more critical is the processing.
When running at normal (reduced) speeds, regular rings and travellers can be used. Avoid over-stretching of the elastic core thread.
Special attention Travellers Shape Wire section Weight Traveller speeds Traveller life time Rings Ring finish Remarks Traveller lubrication Anti-ballooning rings
High-bowed travellers fr / r (coarse counts dr) Higher weights compared to regular yarns See table page 33 20 to 25 m/s 168 to 336 h
Use regular traveller shapes (as for cotton). dr or udr Lighter travellers compared to regular yarns See table page 33 25 to 30 m/s 168 to 336 h
Poor lubrication
32
Core yarns
Traveller weights
Hard (PES-Filament) Traveller recommendation, guiding values The effective traveller types and numbers should be evaluated through trials
Yarn Count Ne Traveller No ISO low high low high Flange 2 Recommended traveller types Flange 1 6 8 10 12 14 16 20 24 30 40 63 50 50 63 60 40 50
Traveller No
C 2 HW dr, H 2 dr
EM 1 fr
Soft (Spandex) Traveller recommendation, guiding values The effective traveller types and numbers should be evaluated through trials
Yarn Count Ne Traveller No ISO low high low high 8 10 12 14 16 71 20 56 71 24 50 63 30 40 50 60 70 18 25
45 35,5 22,4 20 56 45 28 25
Traveller No
1/0 2/0 3/0 5/0 10/0 11/0 12/0 2 1 1/0 3/0 7/0 8/0 8/0
33
Traveller Shape Wire section type L1 f udr C 1 SL C 1 UL M1 dr udr f f dr udr C 1 UM C 1 LM C 1 MM C 1 B7/8S EM 1 C 1 SM C 1 SH Flange 1/2 2.6 mm udr udr udr udr fr fr fr
22/0 16
C 1/2 UM
udr
28/0
Example for placing an order: An order should include the following specifications: Traveller shape Example: C 1 MM Wire section udr Finish Saphir Packaging AP Traveller No ISO 71 Quantity in 1' 100
see also: traveller type pages 38, 39 ; traveller weight page 37 ; finish page 23
34
16
PM
udr dr f r
35
C 2 UM C 2 MM H2
udr dr f dr fr 36 26 120 80 18
C 2 HW C2
EM 2
f dr r
C 2 UM C 2 MM EH 2
udr dr dr 18 36
Example for placing an order: An order should include the following specifications: Traveller shape Example: H2 Wire section dr Finish Saphir Packaging AP Traveller No ISO 125 Quantity in 1' 10
see also: traveller type pages 38, 39 ; traveller weight page 37 ; finish page 23
36
Lighter travellers 1-2 number heavier travellers Rather lighter travellers Lighter travellers Heavier travellers
SU
Tex
Nm
Ne
T flange
Orbit PES
SU PAC and CV ISO 250 224 200 160 125 80 80 63 56 56 50 40 315 280 250 250 200 160 140 112 80 71 63 50 250 200 140 100 90 80 63 50 31.5 31.5 31.5 31.5 315 280 200 160 140 112 80 71 63 50 45 40
Traveller No 100 72 59 50 42 36 30 25 20 17 15 12 10 8.5 7.4 6.6 5.6 5.3 4.5 10 14 17 20 24 27 34 40 50 60 68 85 100 120 135 150 180 190 220 6 8 10 12 14 16 20 24 30 36 40 50 60 70 80 90 105 112 132 14 11 9 6 3 1 2/0 4/0 5/0 6/0 7/0 8/0 10/0 11/0 14/0 16/0 18/0 19/0 22/0 18 14 11 9 7 4 2 1 2/0 3/0 4/0 6/0 7/0 10/0 11/0 12/0 14/0 16/0 19/0 250 180 140 100 80 63 50 40 35.5 31.5 28 25 22.4 20 16 14 12.5 11.2 9
ISO
90 80 71 63 45 31.5 28 25 20 18 16 14 14 12.5
The values mentioned above are guiding values. The final traveller number should be selected through trials. 37
coarse Ne 6 - 16 M 1 / EM 1 dr C 1 MM udr
Flange 1
C 1 LM udr M 1 / EM 1 f
M 1 / EM 1 dr C 1 UM udr
C 2 HW dr H 2 / EH 2 dr
Flange 2
H2f C 2 MM dr C2f
Orbit
SU Travellers in bold prints are mostly used. Traveller weights see page 37
38
PAC
C 1 LM udr C 1 B 7/8 S
M 1 / EM 1 dr
C 2 HW dr H 2 / EH 2 dr C 2 UM udr
C 2 MM dr C 2 UM udr M 2 / EM 2 dr
C 2 HW dr H 2 / EH 2 dr H 2 fr C 2 UM udr C 2 MM dr
SFB 2.8 PM dr SFB 2.8 PM udr SFB 2.8 PM r SU-B drh SU-BM drh SU-BF udr SU-B drh SU-BM drh SU-BM drh SU-B drh SU-BF udr
Travellers in bold prints are mostly used. Traveller weights see page 37
39
Traveller Type L1 C 1 SL C 1 UL C 1 MM M 1, EM 1 Profile f, udr dr f, udr udr f, dr, udr fr C 1 UM C 1 EL, EL 1 C 1 LM C1B / S
7 8
b 10/0 1,6 1,8 1,8 1,9 1,9 8/0 - 4/0 2,0 1,8 1,8 2,1 2,1 2,7 1,7 1,9 1,9 1,7 2,1 2,1 3/0 - 3 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,1* 2,2 3,0 1,9 2,1 2,3 2,2 2,3 2,5 2,6 3,3 3,7 3,3 4 3,5 4,1 5,2 3,0 3,0 * 2,6 3,0 4 - 10 11- 16
C 1 SM C 1 SH
b h
Tangential traveller cleaner (udr, dr, f profile only) Suitable for high speed travellers Recommended for all compact spinning processes Advantages: more efficient cleaning of the traveller, prevention of fibre accumulation. Important: The tangential traveller cleaner must be installed with a distance h = 4,5 mm to the flange crown.
8/0 - 1 2,2 3/0 - 6 2,4 4 - 12 2,8
Traveller No Distance b
40
Traveller Type M2 C 2 UM C 2 MM H2 C 2 HW EM 2 Profile f, dr, udr udr dr f, dr fr dr f, dr r EH 2 Type C2 f, dr Profile f r, dr 7/0 1,7 2,4 6/0-1/0 2,0 2,8 2,2 2,7 2,4 3,0 2,4 1-6 2,1 3,5 11/0 1,9 10/0-4/0 2,1 1,7 2,4 3/0-3 2,2 1,9 2,4 2,2 3,0
b 4-10 2,4 2,1 3,0 2,6 3,5 3,0 2,8 3,4 2,8 7-9 2,7 3,8 3,1 10-18 3,1 4,8 3,3 20-28 3,8 6,0 3,6 30-35 5,0 6,5 3,2 2,8 3,3 3,4 3,3 3,0 3,3 3,3 3,6 11-14 16-20 22-36
b h
Tangential traveller cleaner (udr, dr, f profile only) Suitable for high speed travellers Recommended for all compact spinning processes Advantages: more efficient cleaning of the traveller, prevention of fibre accumulation. Important: The tangential traveller cleaner must be installed with a distance h = 4,5 mm to the flange crown.
3 - 36 4,1
Traveller No Distance b
6/0 - 8 3,3
41
T-Ring
Yarn count range: Ne 30 to 60 recommended finer and coarser possible Pre-conditions for best results: High performance spinning frames Yarns with warp twist (high strength allows high spinning tension) Roving yarns in high and even quality Well performing air-conditioning
Contact surface
42
Shape
Designation
Profile
Application
dr
12.5 - 125
- Cotton - Polyester - Blends medium coarse - Cotton - Blends - Compact yarns Ne 36 and coarser - Cotton
SFB 2.8 PM
udr
18 - 80
16 - 25
25 - 63
- Polyester - Core yarns - Cotton - (Polyester ) - Blends fine yarn counts - Compact yarns Ne 30 and finer
SFB 2.8 RL
dr
12,5 - 71
PM : for all fibre types, large yarn clearance, therefore especially suitable for man-made fibres. RL : small yarn clearance, especially suitable for cotton yarn, good fibre lubrication. Possible to process fine blends (cotton/polyester) and in particular for compact yarns. The travellers for Orbit rings are used with the wellestablished Rapid tool (see pages 84, 85). SFB travellers are exclusively supplied in magazined packaging. Traveller weights / yarn counts see page 37.
43
Heavy wear! If more than 10% of the travellers are worn out: - Reduce changing cycle of travellers - Reduce spindle speed - Check the rings - Possibly change traveller shape, wire section or traveller weight
44
b
4,5 mm
Caution! Under no circumstances should the traveller touch the cleaner. The traveller number used at the end of the ring running-in program, i.e. also for normal operation, is decisive. Mounting height of the tangential cleaner: 4.5 mm below the ring crown
45
T-Ring
SU
Contact surface
46
Shape
Designation
Profile
Application
SU-B
drh
31,5 - 400
SU-BF
udr
31,5 - 100
- Viscose - Viscose blends - Acrylics - Fibres with strong softening agents - Acrylics - Polyester - Blends - Wool blends
SU-B
31,5 - 250
SU-BM
drh
35,5 - 224
SU-B For all synthetics and their blends with natural fibres. SU-BF For viscose fibres, higher speeds compared to SU-B and SU-BM SU-BM For all synthetics and their blends with natural fibres. Enlarged yarn clearance, especially suitable for delicate fibres. The travellers for the SU-rings are used with the well proven Rapid tool SU (see pages 84, 85). Finish SU travellers are available in Saphir diffusion finish and in Record2 (for synthetics with special softening agents). Traveller weights / yarn counts see page 37
47
48
Spinning rings
Orbit
Ring/Traveller System high
Titan
NovaSelect ** performance
Strato+
Carat+
Yarn count Ne ** Nova rings reduced delivery program: Only flange 1 Ring 38, 40, 42, 45: Seating measurements see Nova prospectus
50
Ring profiles
Flange-, ORBIT-, SU-rings
Universal profile Flange 1/2 Flange width 2.6 mm
Antiwedge profile
51
Ring shapes
According to machine, fixing method and ring holder
Single flange rings
Height 8 to 18 mm SU rings
Height 10 and 18 (19) mm Rieter, Zinser, Toyoda with supporting rings Marzoli without supporting ring
52
Fixing methods
53
Brcker Press-System
The Brcker Press-System provides the following advantages: Simple, quick replacement of rings Time needed for 1'000 rings: 1-2 hours (1 person) No re-centring Should a set of rings with another be available (large yarn count differences), can the replacement take place within a very short time.
54
55
56
+
High wax proportion Bright Lubricating Fine
Remarks High wax proportion increases the traveller lubrication Dull fibres include abrasive particles (e.g. Titan oxide) Influence on traveller lubrication Higher load on heavier traveller Warp yarns are spun with heavy travellers, therefore higher load and lower traveller lubrication (lower hairiness). Better traveller lubrication with low-bowed travellers Heavy worn-out travellers damage the traveller raceway of the rings Higher load at high speeds Ring running-in must be carried out according to the fibre and ring type. Titan rings need merely a start-up proceeding. The centrifugal force of the traveller is higher on small ring diameters and therefore leads to a higher ring load. An irregular climate has a negative influence on the general running behaviour and therefore leads to a higher ring load. Badly centred rings, anti-ballooning rings and thread guides produce irregular ring load. Inconsistent loads lead to premature wear and tear.
Knit
Ring diameter
Smaller
Larger
Irregular
Constant
Poor Strong
57
AQL*
+ 0,15 - 0
Measuring slider
2,5
Brcker drawing D
D + d = Seat diameter 2
2,5
Measuring slider
Brcker drawing d D Diameter 38 42 48 54 D - d = max.0.35% 2 Roundness deviation 0.13 0.15 0.17 0.19
Roundness
DIN ISO 96-1
1,0
Example in mm
Evenness
DIN ISO 1101
Brcker drawing
0,1
Brcker Norm Flange
H H - h = max. 0,1
1,0
0,03 Concentricity
DIN ISO 1101 flange/seat
0,10
Flange/seat Aluminium holder
0,65
B - b = k = max. 0,03 2
0,15
58
A B C D D1 D2 E F G H I K L M
Inner diameter Fitting diameter Shoulder diameter (largest outer diameter) Ring height Height above ring rail Height below ring rail Flange (see page 51) Flange width Flange crown Outer flange radius Raceway of ring Web Shoulder Slot for circlip
H G D1
F I E K L
B D2 M
Example for placing an order; request for a quotation The following specifications are required: see page 50 51 51 Example Titan Flange 1, 3.2 mm Normal, N98 42 mm 49 mm 51 mm 18 mm Circlip Zinser 319
Ring type Brcker Flange width Flange profile Inner diameter Fitting diameter Shoulder diameter (largest ) Ring height Ring fixation Machine type
53
Please send a ring sample for any new enquiry or order. For repeat orders previous corresponding invoice number or ring drawing is sufficient.
59
2 11
1
7 Toe
4
8 Inner height 9 Head width 10 Foot width 11 Nose angle 12 Toe angle
7 5 12 10 6
62
R+F HZ + J 255 220 185 165 80 63 56 45 150 140 130 120 110 100 92 83 75 67 60 53 25 20 16 48 44 39 36 33 31 29 26 24 21 18 15 32 28 24 21 17 14 12 16,2 13 11,3 9,7 7,7 39 19 49 25 94 75 62 42 36 30 117 53 123 65 141 84
HZ-EN europ. HZ-AN
am. 3/8
KANAI
SB 6 HZ 9,5 SB 17 J 11,1
CARTER
3/8 7/16
HZ 9,5
HZ 9,5
9,5 mm
11,1 mm
250 224 180 (170) 160 140 125 (118) 112 100 90 80 71 (67) 63 56 50 45 40 35,5 31,5 (30) 28 25 22,4 20 18 14
140 100
255 170
136 104
185 130 110 87,5 71,3 58,3 45,4 38,9 32,4 25,9 22,7 19,4 17,5 14,9
210 180 165 150 143 135 128 120 113 105 98 90 83 75 72 68 65 61 58 54 51 47 40 36 28 20
35,5 31,5
12,5 10,8 9
63
Type
Traveller back*
J 9,1 CST
straight
convex
J 11,1
straight
convex
J 11,1 B
convex
straight
11,1
7/16
J 11,1 CST-B
convex
straight
J 11,1 KST
straight
J 11,1 KST-B
convex
straight
J 17,4
convex
straight
17,4
11/16
J 17,4 CST
convex
straight
J 17,4 CST-A
straight
convex
64
Traveller weights for spinning worsted and semi-worsted yarns on conical rings
The recommended traveller weights are guiding values and based on average ring diameters and spindle speeds. The optimum traveller weight is best determined through practical trials and is dependent on ring diameter, yarn material, spindle speeds, etc.
Yarn count Tex 500 330 250 165 125 100 84 71 63 56 50 42 36 31 28 25 22,5 20 18 16,5 14,5 12 10 8,5 7,2 Nm 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 50 56 60 70 85 100 120 140 New 3,9 5,8 7,8 11,6 15,5 19,4 23,3 27 31 34,9 38,8 46,5 54,3 62 69,8 77,5 85,3 96,9 108,0 116,3 136 165 194 232 270 J traveller steel Brcker No 10 - 11 12 - 13 13 - 14 14 - 15 15 - 16 16 - 17 17 - 18 18 - 19 19 - 20 19 - 21 20 - 21 21 - 22 22 - 23 23 - 24 23 - 25 24 - 26 24 - 27 25 - 28 26 - 29 27 - 30 28 - 31 29 - 32 30 - 34 31 - 34 32 - 36 ISO No Nyltex 1) ISO No Recommended ring height 9.1 11.1 17.4
1600 - 1800 710 - 900 100 - 1250 900 - 1000 710 - 900 560 - 710 450 - 560 355 - 450 250 - 355 180 - 250 160 - 250 160 - 180 125 - 160 112 - 125 90 - 112 71 - 112 63 - 90 50 - 90 71 - 40 31,5 - 63 28 - 50 25 - 40 22,4 - 31,5 20 - 28 20 - 25 18 - 22,4 560 - 630 450 - 500 280 - 315 250 - 280 224 - 250 160 - 180 125 - 140 112 - 125 100 - 112 90 - 100 80 - 90 71 - 80 63 - 71 50 - 63 40 - 56 31,5 - 40
Steel / Nyltex: better select the numbers in bold prints. 1) for detailed information see our special Nyltex brochure. recommended Ring height possible 66
Express Express
9,5
3/8
HZ 9,5
For spinning and twisting of fine worsted yarns, filaments and sewing threads. For spinning and twisting of worsted yarns, sewing threads and man-made fibres. Profile: round for wool and synthetics, half flat for coarse counts.
10,3
13/32
HZ 10,3
11,1
7/16
HZ 11,1
16,7
21/32
HZ 16,7
For ring heights 25,4 and 38,1 use Nylon travellers (see pages 80, 81) Chrome plated (CPH) travellers see page 70
67
Traveller weights for twisting with steel travellers on vertical rings (HZ 9.5/HZ 10,3/HZ 11,1/HZ 16,7)
Correlation of twisted yarn count to traveller number (guiding values)
Single yarn Traveller numbers (for the corresponding twist) American No (only HZ 9,5) Tex Nm NeW 4 - ply BrckerNo 500 400 330 250 165 125 100 84 71 63 56 50 42 36 30 25 20 18,5 16,5 14,5 12 10 2 2,5 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 28 34 40 50 54 60 70 85 100 3,9 4,8 5,8 7,8 11,6 15,5 19,4 23,3 27 31 34,9 38,8 46,5 54,3 65,9 77,5 96,9 104,6 116,8 135,6 164,7 193,8 18 19 20 200 140 100 21 22 17 250 19 16 355 18 13 14 710 560 12 13 14 15 16 17 ISONo BrckerNo 2 - ply ISONo 5000 4000 3550 3150 2500 1800 1250 1000 900 710 560 450 355 250 224 200 160 140 112 90 80 63 21 21 1/2 23 24 24 1/2 26 BrckerNo 2 4 5 6 8 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 19 1/2 European No 4 - ply ISONo 9000 7100 5600 5000 4000 3150 2500 1800 1600 1250 1000 900 710 560 450 400 355 280 250 180 160 125 BrckerNo 4/0 2/0 1 2 4 6 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 17 1/2 18 18 1/2 19 20 21 22 5600 4500 3550 3150 2800 2500 2240 1800 1600 1250 1000 900 710 560 450 355 250 180 1 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 6 - ply ISONo BrckerNo
68
For coarser yarns use exclusively Nyltex / Steeltex travellers (see our special Nyltex brochure) The recommended traveller weights are guiding values and based on average ring diameters and spindle speeds. The optimum traveller weight is best determined through practical trials and is dependent on cop diameter, yarn material, spindle speeds, etc. The traveller weight is correct when the wear on the traveller back, traveller head and traveller foot is well distributed.
69
Traveller back and traveller foot with special finishing Express toe for gentle inserting on sintered rings
For the application of Nylon travellers for coarse filaments we recommend Steeltex travellers (see pages 80, 81).
70
Delivery program CPH travellers CST r CST BS r CST Express r RP CST Express r
HZ 9,5 3/8"
HZ 10,3 13/32"
HZ 11,1 7/16"
71
72
A B C
Q N
D1 D L D2
O P
Inner diameter Fitting diameter Shoulder diameter (largest diameter) D Ring height D1 Height above ring rail D2 Height below ring rail L Shoulder N Upper raceway O Inner raceway P Lower raceway Q Yarn recess R Back slope feature for better nylon travellers grip.
D1 D L D2
O P
Example for placing an order, request for a quotation The following specifications are required: see page Type of ring Material Ring height Inner diameter Fitting diameter Shoulder diameter (largest ) Ring fixation Lubrication system 74 Example Conical Steel 9,1 mm 45 mm 52 mm 54 mm Force fit 4+4 lubrication points
75
Depending on the execution, further details are requested. Especially milling/drilling points for the lubrication must be exactly specified. Please send a sample ring with every first order. 73
Ring height Yarn count Tex Nm Ne 4,8 mm 6,35 mm 7,5 mm 9,5 mm 10,3 mm 11,1 mm 16,7 mm 25,4 mm 38,1 mm 3/16 1/4 19/64 3/8 13/32 7/16 21/32 1 11/2
1250
08
1.6
1000 840
1 1.2
2 2.3
1.7 3 4 5 8
100 84
10 12
19 23
63 50 42 31
16 20 24 32
31 39 47 62
28
36
66
25
40
78
recommended possible Nyltex and Steeltex only (see special Nyltex brochure)
74
Rings J 9.1 J 11.1 Standard 4+4 lubrication points 4 lubrication points on the upper and on the inner raceway, fed through one wick For worsted yarns and blends in the medium yarn count range Reference: 30
Rings J 9.1 J 11.1 3+3 lubrication points 3 lubrication points on the upper and on the inner raceway, fed through one wick For fine and delicate yarn Small ring diameter Reduced lubrication effect Reduced risk of soiling Reference: 30-1-3
Rings J 17.4 4+4 lubrication points 4 lubrication points on the upper and on the inner raceway, fed through two wicks For coarser yarns and twisted yarns Reference: 32
Attention: Do not remove or cut off protruding wicks. The protruding ends will be cut neatly by the travellers during the running-in phase.
75
Running-in of self-lubricating Brcker rings (Steel rings and sintered metal rings)
General A ring running-in must only be carried out when steel travellers are used. It does not apply when Nytex/Steeltex travellers are used. However it has to be done subsequently, should steel traveller be used later on. Preparation After installation in the ring rails, the rings must be cleaned with an oily cloth from the rust protection oil (use no solvents). Do not cut off or remove the slightly protruding wicks (steel rings). These will be cut off from the travellers during the first rotations. Select the oil type according to the application (see page 77) Fill up the lubrication channels with oil and wait 12 to 24 hours before starting. Yarn type, traveller weight Use insensitive, dark coloured yarns since oil splashes are unavoidable during the running-in phase. Use the normal traveller weight Starting procedure Before the first run-in, oil all the rings by hand to guarantee a full lubrication film. Running-in The following running-in program is set out for normal conditions. In case of stronger traveller wear and tear, the changing intervals have to be adjusted accordingly.
Nm 20 and coarser Spindle speed Traveller change after 1 hour 80 % 1 doff 3 doffs 8 doffs 1 doff 90 % 3 doffs 8 doffs 16 doffs 1 doff 100 % 3 doffs 8 doffs 16 doffs Nm 20 and finer Traveller change after 1 hour 1 doff 2 doffs 6 doffs 1 doff 2 doffs 6 doffs 12 doffs 1 doff 2 doffs 6 doffs 12 doffs yes yes Ring cleaning yes
Maintenance The wicks do become resinous and contaminated with an increasing running time. Therefore, from time to time rings, ring rails or holders must be cleaned with petrol and rings have to be re-oiled. If necessary, replace the wicks. 76
15
Pantolube Polar 15 S Syntheso XOL 12
68
Enerssyn RC-S 68 Plantohyd 68 S Mobil SHC 26 Hydra 68 Textol RLS ISO 68
68
Energol HLP - HM 68 Teresso 68 Nuto 32, Nuto H 68 Renolin B 20 VG 68 Lamora HLP 68 Mobil DTE 26 Tellus Oil 68 Vexilla Oil 68 Rando HD 68 Alcor DD 68 Textol RLA ISO 68
77
Conical rings Type 2091-J 2111-J Vertical rings Type 2095 2103 2111 For traveller shape HZ 9.5 HZ 10.3 HZ 11.1 For traveller shape J 9.1 J 11.1
78
Nyltex / Steeltex
CLB
HZ 9,5 CE
CLE
CLB
CLB/W
CS
HZ 10,3 CS
HZ 11,1 DE CS
HZ 17,1 GCLE
80
HZ 25,4 CE
VA
CS
US
HZ 38,1 CE
CLE
CS
For conical rings worsted yarns and semi-worsted yarns J 17,4 J 11,1 J 9,1 R E LE S E
LE
Tools
84
C1
M 2, EM 2 H 2, EH 2 C 2 UM C 2 MM C 2 HW C2
EM 1 C-shaped fr C 1 SM C 1 SH, H 2 all all SU-B, -BM, -BF SFB 2.8 PM, RL
85
Brcker Boy
The conventional tools are preferred (only AP magazined) for special applications and when the use of Rapid becomes impossible.
Type C8 C9 C 71 C 72 Flange 1 (3.2mm) 2 (4.0mm) 1 (3.2mm) 2 (4.0mm) Inserting of travellers from outside to inside from inside to outside (for ring 48mm)
86
Magazining systems
Brcker AP (Automatic Packing) Magazining system for C and ear-shaped travellers Flexible system for easy handling Traveller designation (type and No) on AP rod (to avoid mix-ups).
Brcker Strap The traveller is taken up on a profile strap, up to 10'000 per spool Strap system for: Orbit travellers SU travellers C-shaped travellers with fr-Profile
87
Brcker Rapid
Profit when using Brcker Rapid for traveller change The Brcker Rapid provides following advantages: Fast and easy inserting of travellers Reduced labour costs Shorter idle times of machines, therefore higher production Threading during traveller change possible No traveller losses Minimal traveller deformation Easy tool adjustment Suitable for small spindle gauges
12000
8000 kg 4000
Calculation base: Ne 30, 20,5 TPI, 17'000 RPM Spinning machine with 1'080 spindles, 25 traveller changes per year Time for inserting travellers: with Rapid 1 sec. / by hand 3 sec
88
Clix For inserting (loose) and removing the following travellers: C-shaped Orbit SU J and HZ (light)
Outy For removing C-shaped and Orbit travellers Removed travellers are collected in the handle
Type 101 102 103 Traveller type Flange 1 (3.2 mm) High-performance travellers Flange 2 (4.0 mm) High-performance travellers Orbit travellers
RL pincers For inserting and removing heavy J and HZ travellers made of steel and Nylon For steel travellers: HZ 9,5 / 10,3 / 11,1 / 16,7 J 11, 1 / 17,4 For Nyltex travellers HZ 16,7 / 25,4 89
Cleaning tools
Fluff removers for cleaning of textile machines
Rolsprint Technically advanced tool with gears of hardened steel and special easy running ball bearings. Exchangeable tip. Standard spindle lengths: 200/315/400/500
Flypik Handy, light tool. Suitable for people with small hands. Exchangeable tip. Spindle length 200, 250 mm
Roltex Simple, reliable tool. Ball bearing with free running. Spindle made of anti-magnetic steel. Exchangeable tip. Standard spindle length: 200/315/400 mm Special spindle length: 500/630/800 mm
90
92
Yarn carriers
93
Yarn carriers
Brcker manufactures Thermoplastic Yarn carriers for ring spinning machines and roving frames. The products are designed for the high performance segment. Therefore, only first grade compounds are processed. ABS (Acrylnitril-Butadien-Styrol) For the general range of application of spinning tubes and for roving bobbins. PC 40 (Polycarbonate) For high performing spinning tubes. Available colours 30 different colours enable a clear product differentiation.
Delivery program Spinning tubes According to ISO-DIN 368 with taper 1:38 and 1:64 for state-of-the-art high performance machines such as Marzoli, Rieter, Toyoda, Zinser Further dimensions upon request Roving bobbins Wide supply for the most popular machines existing on the market. Ask for our special documentation or for a quotation. 94
Zinser Spinning tubes Spinning tubes for Zinser ring spinning machines type 319/320 with doffer with inside gripper must be equipped for a faultless doffing with catching grooves. In case of non-utilisation of the knee-brake (stopping of the spindle by hand) the tubes can be damaged through the spindle clutch. The solution: Tubes with integrated wear-resistant Delrin bush.
95
Index
Page Anti-ballooning ring AP (Automatic Packing) Blended and synthetic yarns Brcker Boy Cleaning tools Clix Compact Spinning Conical rings Contact areas Cop hairiness Core yarns CPH Chromit travellers CPH manufacturing tolerances Cutex Cutting tools Designation of ring parts, flange 59 Designation of ring parts, J / HZ 73 Designation of ring parts T-flange 59 Draw twisting Ear-shaped travellers Finishing treatments Fixing methods rings Flypik Formulas Hairiness HZ travellers Inserting + removing tools Inserting tools flange Inserting tools J / HZ J travellers 71 62 23 53, 54 90 6, 9 10 - 13 67 89 84 78 64 4 87 30 86 90 89 29 65 28 11 32 70 72 91 91 Lubricating systems Magazining systems Motions of the ring traveller Neps Nyltex travellers Oblique flange rings Orbit Outy Press System Rapid Inserting tools Ratio ring / tube Ring heights conical rings Ring heights vertical rings Ring life time Ring profiles Ring running-in flange rings
Page 75 87 27 17 79 - 81 42 - 48 42 89 54 84, 88 4 66 74 57 51 56
Page Setting of the traveller cleaner Orbit 45 Setting of the traveller cleaner SU 48 Spinning geometry Spinning rings Spinning tubes Steeltex travellers Strap SU Traveller finishing treatment Traveller friction Traveller position Traveller shape Traveller speeds Traveller weights flange 5 50, 73 94 80, 81 87 46 23 24, 25 26, 27 34-36, 38, 39 9 8, 37
Traveller wear and tear Orbit/SU 44 Traveller weights for draw twisting 71 Traveller weights J / HZ Traveller weights Orbit/SU Travellers for conical rings Travellers for Orbit rings Travellers for SU rings Tubes Wire sections Yarn breaks Yarn carriers Yarn clearance Yarn hairiness Yarn numbering systems Yarn quality 63 37 64 43 47 94 22 14, 16 93 - 95 21, 26 11 6, 7 13
Ring running-in self-lubricating rings 76 Ring shapes Ring surface condition Ring tolerances 52 13 58
Ring travellers flange 34 - 36, 38, 39 Ring travellers for Orbit rings Ring travellers for SU rings Rings, short staple Rolsprint Roltex Roving bobbins Secutex 43 47 50 90 90 94 91
96
AG Pfffikon-Zrich - Switzerland
SA Wintzenheim-France