TEMPERATURE CONTROL FOR THERMOCOUPLE CALIBRATOR Alan Caldern, Willy Carrera, Luis Hermoza, Jos Santos.

Electronic Engineering Section, PUCP Andrs Guerra, Roland Weingrtner. Material Science, Physical Science Section PUCP 1. Abstract The temperature is one of the most important physical parameters to study in Science and Engineering; therefore, it is necessary to design gauges temperature sensors. In this article has been designed, by LabVIEW, one temperature controller to calibrate thermocouples to achieve the control in one thermal box. The range of work studied was 30C to 530C. 2. Thermal box design The thermal box designed has metal plates inside and outside it; there are an isolated plate of ceramic between them. The metal box of 15 cc has 4 holes to introduce the thermocouples. The figure 1 shows the metal box, which has an electrical resistance of 42 Ohms and 1200W inside it.

600

500

X: 80 Y: 520

X: 60 Y: 395

400

Temperature(C)

300
X: 40 Y: 290

200

100

X: 0

0 Y: 30 0

10

20

30

40 %PWM

50

60

70

80

Figure 2: Static Curve. From the figure 2 can be watched two linear approximations. For this reason in these ranges is possible obtain controllers from the dynamical curves. 4. Dynamic curve

The response of the plant (thermal box) for the first linear range [0:40] %PWM is shown in the figure 3.
X: 4826 Y: 296.2

300

250

Figure 1: Thermal box. 3. Static curve

Temperature(C)

200

150

The figure 2 shows the Static Curve, which was achieved by PWM input signal to the electrical system in thermal box.

100

50

0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Time(s) 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000

Figure 3: Dynamic curve for the first linear range.

The figure 4 shows the changes of the plant for the input signal at [40:80] %PWM, which describes the response of the thermal box in the second linear interval.

thermal system has not got a quickly response. The PI controller for the first linear range: K= 495.07 and Ti = 0.033m

600

The PI controller for the second linear range:

X: 4198 Y: 520.4

500

K= 576 and Ti = 0.033m 7. Simulations

400

300
X: 2524 Y: 300

The simulation for the first linear range is shown in the figure 5, in which the error is 12C for the Set point 300C.

Temperature(C)

200

100

0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 Time(s) 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

Figure 4: Dynamic curve for the second linear range. 5. Transfer functions From the figures 3 and 4 are obtained the transfer functions of the system. It is analyzed first order functions, in which L is the time delay (s), T is the response time (s) and K is the gain of the plant. For the first linear range, the parameters of the transfer function are the following: L=1s, T=683s, Kp = 135 For the second linear range, the parameters of the transfer function are the following: L=1s, T=647s, Kp = 110 6. Controllers The controllers were obtained by Ziegler and Nichols, in which K is the gain of the controller and Ti is the Integrative time (s) for the PI controllers designed, because the

Figure 5: Simulation for the first controller.

The simulation for the second linear range is shown in the figure 6, in which the error is 12C for the Set point 530C.

Figure 8: User interface. Figure 6: controller. Simulation for the second 9. Conclusions Was obtained the control of the calibrator in the range of 30C to 530C Were designed 2 digital controllers to achieves the control of the calibrator The table 1 shows the error in steady state for the simulations and tests.

8. Tests For the tests were designed an electronic circuit which uses the integrated AD595 to linearize, compensate and amplify the thermocouple response. This signal was sent to one personal computer by an Acquisition Card DAQ NI USB 6008; In the personal computer was executed the PI controllers
600
X: 1.338e+004 X: 1.114e+004 X: 8840 Y: 490 X: 9983 Y: 492 X: 1.48e+004 X: 1.223e+004 Y: 507.7 Y: 521.4 Y: 515 Y: 530

500

X: 6444 Y: 400

400
X: 8500 X: 2336 X: 191 Y: 320
Temperature(C)

X: 7259 Y: 388 X: 4392 Y: 306.8

Y: 407.2

Y: 333.8

300

Thermal box Steady state Steady state temperature(C) error in error in test simulation (C) (C) 300 12 13 530 11 10 Table 1: Error of the plant in C 10. Suggestions It is necessary improve the controller to get less error in steady state. 11. Annex The figure 9 shows the response of the system to random input, with which is possible achieve an identification of the system to compares the transfer function with the model designed, that is shown in the following code results where is obtained the order in the linear range of 0%PWM to 40%PWM.

200

100

0 0 5000 Time (S) 10000 15000

designed. The figure 7 shows the response of the controller in different values of set point. Figure 7: Test for the controllers

The figure 8 shows the user interface in operation at 530C of set point.

300

250

200
Amplitude as Temperature(C) and Input signal (V)

150

100

50

0 0 1000 2000 3000 Time(S) 4000 5000 6000

Figure 9: Response to random input. Code results from system identification analyzed with random input: The order is one.

12. Reference Computer Controlled Systems, Karl Astrm Temperature control system for temperature sensor calibration, Chatchaval Pornpatkul

Acknowledgements Laboratory Materials Science PUCP, for all the care provided.