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Chapter 01
Passage 01_ Break Your Bad Habits Passage 02_ Careers Passage 03_ Are We Ready for the Next Asian Bird Flu? Passage 04_ Are You Happy?
Vocabulary Pre-check
.
infected , intent introverted job security -term) (`shortlong-term ~ major in medication () , movement mutate mysterious , nature negative optimistic n . pandemic , passive pay check , permanent perplexed , prestige professional proper , relieve reveal , secretion sense of guilt , v . separate , v . share side-effect strategy , strong-willed terrorism ~ the number of threat tricky ~ turn into unconscious , unsavory
aggressive , assume at times , n . attack ~ be subject to ; ~ benefit bird flu boost boring , career field , characteristic , chuckle () come up with compliment concrete action , confront , consult contact convinced countless , currently ~ deserve disaster ~ , ~ due to , estimate ~ even though evolve extroverted ~ feel like -ing , fleeting force , foundation giggle n . graduate , hold back immune system in the world
Passage
If one of your habits is driving others crazy, you need a strategy to break your unconscious bad habit. First, you need to be aware that you do have a bad habit. Simply being aware can lead the strongwilled to actually break bad habits, but for most of us it takes more than that. For instance, smokers are aware (a) that / which their habit is bad and is killing them, but they cannot give it up. (A) Why is it so hard for people to break bad habits even though they are consciously aware of the habits? (B) It lies in the fact that most people pick up a bad habit because it benefits them in some way. For instance, smokers can feel that his or her stress is being relieved. (C) Smokers are not easily convinced of any long-term damage (b) when / that in fact he or she is getting a short-term benefit from smoking. (D) In such cases (c) why / where bad habits are truly difficult to break, you can consult professionals. (E) They can help reprogram the unconscious part of the mind, linking unsavory feelings to the unwanted behavior and forming new habits to deal with stressful or boring situations.
strong-willed [str(;)\wild] , benefit [bnft] ; ~ long-term[l;\t;m] ( short-term) unsavory [>nsivri] , fleeting [fl;ti\] ,
even though ~
consult [kns=lt] ,
professional [prfnl]
permanent [p;mnnt] ,
18
Level 2-A
Detail
1.
. . . . .
Detail
2.
Grammar
3.
Coherence
4.
(A)~(E) , ?
So these people must realize that the benefit is not permanent; it is only fleeting. (A) (D) (B) (E) (C)
Chapter 01
19
Grammar
They can help reprogram the unconscious part of the mind, linking unsavory feelings to the unwanted behavior and forming new habits to deal with stressful or boring situations.
+
Tips <> , .
, . .
Quiz
1. . Being poor , he cannot buy a house. = As he is poor, he cannot buy a house. , you will see the building.
Structure
to
people
()
Why is it
R , .
20
Level 2-A
Passage 01
Writing
1.
bad habits.
Simply being aware
2.
3. It
5.
professionals.
In such cases where
Chapter 01
21
Passage
Many adults frequently ask children what they want to be when they grow up. People have been asking you this question ever since you were a little kid. As a child goes through the education system, the question changes but . People will ask you what you want to major in at college, where you want to go to school and what you want to do with the rest of your life. At times youll feel like saying: How in the world should I know? Im only 18! While making a career decision is tricky, dont get too stressed out. Try to decide on something you would like to do, not just something you think will offer you job security, a fat pay check, or prestige. All of those are subject to change. Do what you want to, and dont worry about the rest! Another thing to remember is that your decision will not be permanent. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, the average college graduates change their jobs once every three years and change career fields two or three times in their lifetime. Non college graduates change their careers even more often. So, dont assume that your first career decision will determine your job for the rest of your life.
at times
in the world
tricky [trki]
fat [ft] ,
22
Level 2-A
Inference
1.
Children should not make a career choice too early. Early career decision can cause frequent job changing. Adults should not ask children their future career. Make a career decision based on what you want to do. First career decision is not important as it is not permanent.
Detail
2.
2 . 2~3 . . 3 . .
Vocabulary
3.
those .
Coherence
4.
the meaning behind it is different that is less frequent than it was it is something you can answer you wouldnt be bothered to hear it it has the same meaning and intent
Chapter 01
23
Grammar
Many adults frequently ask children what they want to be when they grow up. People will ask you what you want to major in at college, where you want to go to school and what you want to do with the rest of your life.
Tips ()
. <>, <if whether +> . think, believe, guess, imagine, suppose, say .
Quiz
Structure
what/if/whether
People will ask you what you want to major in at college, where you want to go to school and what you want to do with the rest of your life.
?
what you want to major in at college where you want to go to school what you want to do with the rest of your life
where you want to go to school what you want to do with the rest of your life
you
24
Level 2-A
Passage 02
Writing
3. Try to decide on
4.
3 .
Chapter 01
25
Passage
The global health community is perplexed because it is confronting a problem which may turn into a disaster. The disease seems simple, but they couldnt come up with a proper medication for (a) it. The disease is bird flu and (b) it is stressing the health community who fears (c) it will be the cause of countless deaths in the next few years. At present, people with the disease have only a fifty percent chance of surviving. Terrorism is not the greatest threat to your peaceful life. Everyone doctors, researchers, and scientists agrees that (d) it has the ability to kill more people than any threat currently confronting man. The number of deaths due to the attack of this disease has been relatively small so far, but that doesnt mean (e) it will remain the same. History tells us another pandemic is on the way. It is estimated one occurs every 30~40 years and we are due for the next one right now. We need to prepare and take concrete actions to protect ourselves and our families. The nature, movement and way of working of this virus are mysterious. So far, human beings have suffered from direct contact with infected animals and their secretions. But the virus evolves constantly and mutates into a new deadly form as it passes from animals to human beings.
movement [m;vmnt] () ,
mutate [mju;tit]z{
26
Level 2-A
Info Scan
1.
. . . . , 30~40 .
Reference
2.
(a)~(e) ?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Inference
3.
. . . . .
Vocabulary
4.
mutates ?
succeeds changes
is treated closes
regards
Chapter 01
27
Grammar
+ +
English speak .
Quiz
1. , . (one another) Students, dont talk to one another 2. . He was so overcome with emotion that he couldnt speak OtalkP 3. . Please tell me how to get 4. . He told Osaid toPus . to the station. during an examination.
Structure
()
The number of deaths due to the attack of this disease has been relatively small so far.
?
small
()
()
()
The number of deaths due to the attack of this disease has been
()
R be has been, 2 .
28
Level 2-A
Passage 03
Writing
a proper
~ 50%
to protect ourselves
as
Chapter 01
29
Passage
Happiness does not result from being successful. In contrast you need to be happy to achieve success. If you enjoy your job, you will be successful, said Dr. Albert Schweitzer, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1952. Happy people have certain characteristics that separate them from unhappy people. Happy people are passive and peaceful rather than aggressive and violent. They are always optimistic about their life and their chances of succeeding at a task. They are extroverted and gregarious rather than introverted and shy. These characteristics seem to have a healthy side-effect: they boost the immune system. Happy people neither hold back nor hide their joy. They chuckle and giggle to their pleasure with life. They reveal their true selves to others. When others compliment them, they accept it with pleasure and feel they deserve it. If they want to share their pleasure, they do (a) it / so . Happy people are also people who have a strong religious foundation. Although it is possible to argue that religious beliefs can force people (b) feel / to feel a greater sense of guilt and as a result have negative feelings, what has actually been proven is that a belief creates positive feelings toward oneself and others.
extroverted [kstrov;tid]
introverted [ntrv;tid]
hold back ,
foundation [faundin] ,
30
Level 2-A
Info Scan
1.
, . . . , . , .
Coherence
2.
Vocabulary
3.
gregarious ?
Grammar
4.
(a) (b) .
Chapter 01
31
Grammar
it / to
It is possible to argue that religious beliefs can force people to feel a greater sense of guilt.
+
Tips , , it ,
. to, that , for you, for him .
Quiz
.
in a week.
1. . It is impossible for him to finish the work 2. . It is also very important to know what is important in your life .
Structure
what/if/whether
What has actually been proven is that a belief creates positive feelings toward oneself and others.
? ( that)
What has actually been proven is that a belief creates positive feelings toward oneself and others
(, ) . that R ~ .
32
Level 2-A
Passage 04
Writing
5.
Chapter 01
33
Review
A
.
01. aggressive 02. compliment 03. extroverted 04. immune system 05. infected 06. introverted
07. mutate 08. pandemic 09. passive 10. prestige 11. secretion 12. unsavory
, , , ,
A .
be infected with cholera passive resistance national prestige aggressive behavior an unsavory past a disorder of the immune system
A .
extroverted
people are quiet and shy and find it difficult to talk to other people. is to display affection or respect by a gift or favor.
04. To 05.
compliment Secretion
34
Level 2-A
Passages 01~04
01. He is brilliant. He is able to talk 02. Been 03. They asked him whether they should 04. Left 05. I found that it was too heavy of lifting 06. Would you please talk 07. He told us what do we have to 08. He didnt He say said 09. Is it possible to read for you 10. We are not allowed to talk to anyone tell to lift say
a blind, the man couldn't recognize his daughter. Be stay or leave. if can they whether should they Being
the house, she started to run to the bus station. Leaving Being left by myself. lifting us what happened in the previous meeting? speak
that he actually stole the money. he borrowed. tell told say spoke
Chapter 01
35
Chapter 02
Passage 05_ Resurgence in Violence Rates Passage 06_ Adolescent Sleep Disorder Passage 07_ The Curse of Spyware Passage 08_ Depression
Vocabulary Pre-check
.
, juvenile , lastly life-threatening medication , mental operation peep penal prevent ~ from -ing ~ , prevention psychiatrist psychologist psychotherapy , , rate , register remove restore , screening , seek , so-called stay up late ~ suffer from ~ susceptible to take up ~ tend to the elderly , therapy threaten , tragically trial , ultimately unprecedented unpredictably violence () viral , weaken widespread
access adequate , adolescent , adopt ( ) , affect aging process at ones best , bad-tempered () biological , break out ~ bring ~ under control ) catch up on ( , clinical combination consider correlation , creativity currently ~ , deal with () depression determine , , disorder emotion execute , expel , fight off () function get out of control have an effect identification immediate ; ~ in turn , infection initiate , intervene irregular , jail
Passage
Violence in schools has been increasing at unprecedented rates. Last year, there were many incidents of school violence in the news. The situation is starting to get out of control and we need to act to bring it under control. Most people believe the juvenile penal system can solve the problem of increasing violence. But it cannot! We are currently putting more and more juveniles in jail, but school violence is not decreasing. Why dont many children feel safe at school? Most schools do not have plans to prevent violence. They only have plans to expel those who are violent and threaten others. It is time to put money into preventing violence. We must learn to intervene before violence breaks out. One of the several ways to do this is to have immediate and easy access to mental health services for all troubled youth and their families. And we can also consider early screening of children with behavior problems to determine the services that are needed. While we can continue to spend money on trials and jails, we must also put more money into prevention through youth and their families. for troubled
unprecedented [>nprsdntid] juvenile [d,;vnl] , break out , prevent [privnt] , , consider [knsd] trial [tril]
expel [ikspl] ,
prevention [privnn] ,
38
Level 2-A
Info Scan
1.
. . . . .
Analysis
2.
Coherence
3.
isolation and therapy monitoring and isolation discipline and punishment identification and therapy education and rewards
Vocabulary
4.
intervene .
prevent
Chapter 02
39
Grammar
to
One of the several ways to do this is to have immediate and easy access.
+ +
Tips to , to .
~ ,~ .
Quiz
to .
Structure
to
One of the several ways to do this is to have immediate and easy access to mental health services for all troubled youth and their families.
(One of the several ways)?
to do this
(access) ?
()
()
() mental ()
()
40
Level 2-A
Passage 05
Writing
3.
Chapter 02
41
Passage
Food Health
More and more youths are being treated by doctors for sleeping problems which prevent them from getting adequate amounts of rest. An increasing number of teens are also adopting busy lifestyles and ignoring their biological need for sleep. Adolescents need nine hours of sleep, but those (a) suffered / suffering from the disorders often get much less. It has been shown by some researchers that the average youth gets about six and a half hours of sleep on a school night. A few high school students often get a lot less than six. Experts also agree that adolescent sleep disorders can be a result of irregular sleeping patterns. Biologically youths are programmed to stay up late and (b) get up / getting up late. Unfortunately, that is not the schedule of the schools in their life. And teens try to catch up on their sleep during the weekends, oftentimes sleeping into the afternoon. Adolescent sleep disorders can have negative effects on memory and creativity, which in turn could cause problems with learning abilities. Furthermore, it affects their emotions causing them to be unpredictably bad-tempered. Lastly, the lack of sleep affects their ability to fight off diseases because it weakens their immune systems, leaving them susceptible to colds and other viral infections.
adequate [dikwit]
adopt [dpt] ,
susceptible to ~
infection [infkn] ,
42
Level 2-A
Info Scan
1.
6 . 9 . . . .
Analysis
2.
()
Detail
3.
Grammar
4.
(a) (b) .
Chapter 02
43
Grammar
Lastly, the lack of sleep affects their ability to fight off diseases because it weakens their immune systems, leaving them susceptible to colds and other viral infections.
+
Quiz
1. , . (foster) Schools may destroy creativity, fostering ordinary people . the door.
Structure
(Adolescents need nine hours of sleep, but) those suffering from the disorders often get much less.
those ?
adolescents
suffering ?
who are
less ?
()
sleep
( + )
44
Level 2-A
Passage 06
Writing
1. It has been shown by some researchers that the average youth gets
of sleep.
about six and a half hours
3. Teens
try to catch up on
~ memory
5. Lastly,
Chapter 02
45
Passage
Spyware allows other people to view your computer system and see what you have been doing and what you have stored on your computer. It allows others (a) to spy / spy on you! Spyware is so dangerous because you wouldnt know even if it gathers information on you. (A) Ultimately spyware may prevent you from using your computer at all because it might take up so much space in your registry that other functions cannot be executed. In this case, the only thing you can do is to remove every thing from the hard drive and (b) initiate / initiating a proper restoring process. (B) But once things are removed from your hard drive without any backup of the files, there is no way you can recover them. This is the worst thing the spyware can actually do to your computer system by introducing itself to the registry. (C) The spyware will be watching you and then peeping in and finally it will get installed in your computer system. After the spyware registers itself on your system, it will start damaging the operation of programs and make your computer run slow, making it (c) not to perform / not perform at its best.
allow [lu]
store [st;]
ultimately [=ltmitli] , at all take up function [f=\n] () restore [rist;] initiate [iniit]
register [rd,st] ,
damage [dmid,] ~
46
Level 2-A
Coherence
1.
(A) - (B) - (C) (B) - (A) - (C) (B) - (C) - (A) (C) - (A) - (B) (C) - (B) - (A)
Info Scan
2.
spyware ?
. . . . .
Detail
3.
Grammar
4.
(c) not to perform not perform not to perform not perform not perform
Chapter 02
47
Grammar
what
Spyware allows other people to view your computer system and see what you have been doing and what you have stored on your computer.
Tips what . that, which what . ,
what the thing(s) which .
Quiz
Structure
to
The only thing you can do is to remove every thing from the hard drive and initiate a proper restoring process.
to remove ?
initiate
1 2
The only thing you can do is to remove every thing from the hard drive (to) initiate a proper restoring process
48
Level 2-A
Passage 07
Writing
and
on you.
3. It might
cannot be executed.
take up so much space
4.
to your
Chapter 02
49
Passage
Food Health
Depression is widespread throughout society. It can affect teenagers and seniors, males and females, and people of any race. While depression is not a normal part of the aging process, there is a strong correlation between depression and people who are suffering from lifethreatening diseases. Tragically, the elderly (A) are suffering / suffering from depression are often ignored since people tend to think their feelings are natural and a normal part of aging. However, clinical depression is never a normal response; it is a serious medical illness that should be treated at any age. Though depression is a serious medical condition, only 3% of the elderly (B) are treated / treated for mental health problems get professional help for their condition. Many elderly dont think their depression is serious enough for them to seek professional help. Most elderly people feeling (C) depressing / depressed very often are merely treated by their general practitioner, not a psychologist or psychiatrist. But general practitioners are not trained to deal with this disease. But the good news is that this disease is psychotherapy or a combination of both. . More than 80% of all
correlation [k;rlin]
life-threatening [laif^rtni\]
psychologist [saikld,ist]
medication [mdkin]
psychotherapy [siko^rpi]
50
Level 2-A
Coherence
1.
. . . . .
Grammar
2.
Detail
3.
.
( )
Coherence
4.
, .
treatable
Chapter 02
51
Grammar
the + =
Quiz
<the + > .
= The organization is collecting money for blind people. 2. . The unemployed are supported by the government.
Structure
Most elderly people feeling depressed very often are merely treated by their general practitioner, not a psychologist or psychiatrist.
?
()
Most elderly people feeling depressed very often are merely treated
52
Level 2-A
Passage 08
Writing
1.
at any age.
get professional
5.
Chapter 02
53
Review
A
.
01. adolescent 02. adopt 03. break out 04. disorder 05. expel 06. initiate
, , , , ,
07. intervene 08. juvenile 09. stay up late 10. susceptible to 11. tend to 12. unprecedented
, , ~ ~
A .
a fire breaks out be expelled from a school juvenile literature susceptible to colds Oa coldP mental disorder I stayed up late last night.
A .
initiate intervene
something, you start it or cause it to happen. , you interrupt a conversation in order to add something to it.
03. Adolescent is used to describe young people who are no longer children but who have not yet become adults. 04. Western medicine
tends to
someone elses child, you take it into your own family and
54
Level 2-A
Passages 05~08
02. The new plan that they made was decrease decreased
04. The next thing we should consider is to recruit people that recruit people
. recruit people
, it is what it could cause in the future. what it has caused what did it cause
07. More seminars were planned for the educate the uneducated
. the no educated
09.
are one of the groups who are opposing the new policy. The handicap people The handicapped The handicap
for the party. what can each bring what brings each
Chapter 02
55
Chapter 03
Passage 09_ Direct Personality Passage 10_ Emotional Intelligence Passage 11_ Extreme Gag Gifts Passage 12_ Famous Andy Warhol Prints
Vocabulary Pre-check
a roar of laughter adore
advance
ambitious appeal to
idolize
attitude
be based on
be tied down
blushing
mass produce
brilliant bumpy
no doubt
celebrity
nuance
numerous
, personality
potential
puzzlingly remind
effectively
strategy
v . trigger
Passage
Communication skills are the key to help you find the path toward a successful career and personal life. If you dont improve your communication skills sooner or later, the road toward happiness will be very bumpy and you may even be thrown off course by others who are upset by your lack of communication skills. Whatever your personality type is, you must find a way to communicate effectively with others who have different personalities. Lets think about potential communication problems and solutions by examining one personality type. People with a very direct personality make up 10% of the population. These people are usually our leaders and bosses. They have clear set goals and have a strategy to achieve them with as little fuss as possible. They do not question the reason for doing something. Sometimes they are (a) like / likely to make decisions so quickly without considering things thoroughly. Direct people are ambitious people who want to advance in their careers. They hate wasting time and they speak openly, honestly and (b) fastly / fast . Their meaning is clear and without nuance. Reflecting their professional life, their personal life is based on how certain people can help or hurt them. In dealing with other people, what do you think are the main problems you would have with a direct person? What solutions can you think of for these problems?
career [kr] , ,
potential [potnl] ,
thoroughly [^;roli] ,
nuance [n;;ns] ,
professional [prfnl] ,
58
Level 2-A
Inference
1.
It is essential for you to understand people with a direct personality. People with different personalities are hard to communicate with. Success of life is dependent on communication skills with others. It is important to learn to deal with people with different personalities. People with a direct personality should learn to communicate with others.
Analysis
2.
. . . . .
Coherence
3.
They wouldnt care. They merely react. They would rather do nothing. They want to make sure. They are worried about the result.
Grammar
4.
(a) (b) .
Chapter 03
59
Grammar
If you dont improve your communication skills sooner or later, the road toward happiness will be very bumpy.
+
Tips . () () .
Quiz
1. , . If it [ rains / will rain ] tomorrow, we will not go. 2. . You cant go out until you [ have done / will have done ] your work.
Structure
What do you think are the main problems you would have with a direct person?
the main problems , .
()
What
() do you think
are the main problems you would have with a direct person
60
Level 2-A
Passage 09
Writing
1. You may even be thrown off course by others who are upset by
.
your lack of communication skills
2. They have clear set goals and have a strategy to achieve them
.
3. Sometimes they
things thoroughly.
are likely to make decisions
5.
Chapter 03
61
Passage
Ones emotions are a form of information. Others can tell a lot about you by understanding your emotions. And others can also influence you greatly by how well they use their own emotions. Comprehending and using emotions is what emotional intelligence is all about. We need emotional intelligence for many things, among which making good decisions and reacting to others stick out the most. You are in a shop and you are just about to buy, but then you decide not to buy because you dont like the salesmans attitude. So you walk away. You have used your emotional intelligence, and the salesman has failed to use his. When trying to convince others its often better to use your emotions not your, often loud, voice. There are countless times when we try to reach others and make them understand something. At those times, nothing works better than appealing to the others emotions. To convince another person, show respect and show youre concerned and caring. Some professors lower their voices when they are about to deliver the most important information of their lectures. They dont shout it out. They show respect for their students and speak softly. There is no need to carry a big stick. Students will know the professors are respecting them and they will tune in. This is using the emotional intelligence.
stick out ,
62
Level 2-A
Info Scan
1.
. . . . .
Detail
2.
to show emotional intelligence can be used in various situations to give examples of both success and failure by using emotion to imply that an attitude represents a persons emotional state to indicate what matters the most when people make a decision to exemplify how emotional intelligence can affect decision making
Detail
3.
.
, ,
Analysis
4.
.
making good decisions reacting to others (convincing others)
Chapter 03
63
Grammar
At those times, nothing works better than appealing to the others emotions.
+
, most . , Tips ( ) ~ .
Quiz
.
.
1. . (precious) Nothing is more precious than time 2. Arial . (intelligent) No other student in the class is more intelligent than Arial.
Structure
There are countless times when we try to reach others and make them understand something.
(times) ?
when we try to reach others (when we try to) make them understand something
()
There are countless times when we try to reach others and make them understand something
64
Level 2-A
Passage 10
Writing
3.
5.
Chapter 03
65
Passage
We are tied down by lifes routines and we often forget to value the many good things in life. Most importantly, it seems we have forgotten how to laugh. We only laugh at sitcoms or other comedy shows on TV these days. But if you really want to remind someone (A) on / of the good things in life, gag gifts are perfect to (special, someone, giggle, make). Gag gifts are neither stupid nor useless. Rather they are laugh medicine. They will make our day by reminding us that we need not be so serious about our life. They will shine on our dull day. For every person a gag gift is better than typical gifts such as flowers, candies, etc. Have you ever heard of the Farting Bear? It works by remote control. Put him on a table and people will smile and say, How cute he is! And as soon as the words are out of that persons mouth, you use the remote control to trigger a disgusting sounding fart. The person who has just remarked (B) to / on the bears will look at you puzzlingly. But as you grin from ear (C) for / to ear, the person will no doubt break out in a full force roar of laughter. And the laughter will continue as both of you see the bear glow red blushing in embarrassment. Gag gifts such as the Farting Bear are a good way to get people to put a smile on their face.
remote control ,
no doubt
break out ()
glow [glou] ,
blushing [bl=i\]
embarrassment [imbrsmnt] ,
66
Level 2-A
Analysis
1.
gag gift ?
a TV show that makes people laugh an animal that you can play with a gift that plays dirty jokes a present that makes people chuckle a person who makes fun of others
Grammar
2.
(A) of on of on of
(B) to to on on on
Grammar
3.
.
make someone special giggle
Coherence
4.
Chapter 03
67
Grammar
Quiz
Structure
The person who has just remarked on the bears cuteness will look at you puzzlingly.
the person ?
()
()
The person who has just remarked on the bears cuteness will look at you puzzlingly
R look at you .
68
Level 2-A
Passage 11
Writing
1. We often
forget to value
3.
Chapter 03
69
Passage
Person History
Andy Warhol was one of the founding members of the Pop Art Movement in the 1960s. Although he was involved in many creative areas such as writing, filmmaking, and producing music, he is best known (A) for / as his silk screens of and .
He worked in his infamous studio dubbed The Factory which was a literal reference to the ability (B) to / of mass produce art itself. His factory workers were labelled superstars. Together he and his superstars produced numerous silk screen of commercial objects which have become famous e.g., Campbells Soup, Coca Cola, etc. Many critics are still unsure whether these silk screens were meant to make fun of or support the highly commercial society. In his later years, he was one of the artists hired by Absolute Vodka to incorporate the alcohol bottle into his work. Not only did he seem to adore commercial society, but he also adored idolizing celebrities. His most famous portrait is of Marilyn Monroe. In that portrait he placed side by side numerous pictures of her face, but in each picture he changed the colors of parts of her face. The effect is (C) of / from a brilliant colorful collage. He also did portraits of Elvis Presley and Elizabeth Taylor.
be known for ~
mass produce
side by side
collage [kl;,] ( , )
70
Level 2-A
Info Scan
1.
Andy Warhol ?
. . , . . .
Detail
2.
Grammar
3.
(B) of to of to to
Coherence
4.
.
commercial objects
and
celebrities
Chapter 03
71
Grammar
Not only did he seem to adore commercial society, but he also adored idolizing celebrities.
+
Tips
. .
Quiz
1. , . Not only was he a star of the music, but also of the musical.
2. . (Under no circumstances) Under no circumstances will your phone number be known to him.
Structure
He worked in his infamous studio dubbed The Factory which was a literal reference to the ability to mass produce art itself.
infamous studio (dubbed)?
The Factory
The Factory ?
()
He worked
72
Level 2-A
Passage 12
Writing
1. He
producing music.
was involved in many creative areas
2. He
5.
Chapter 03
73
Review
A
.
01. ambitious 02. celebrity 03. comprehend 04. concerned 05. disgusting 06. found
, ,
07. infamous 08. literal 09. potential 10. remind 11. trigger 12. value
, ,
v. v.
v.
A .
disgusting smell ambitious politician literal meaning the most infamous criminal be concerned about the future rather value friendship than love
A .
found celebrity
04. If you cannot comprehend something, you cannot understand it. 05. You use
potential
into the particular kind of person or thing mentioned. 06. If something exist.
triggers
74
Level 2-A
Passages 09~12
01. They know the box is somewhere in the room because they remember it. to bring 02. None of the issues are important 03. Not only will be 04. When she will get 05. She stopped to grab 06. This one by the window is expensive 07. If he will get a job 08. Jenny stopped eating 09. Under no circumstances is 10. They forgot brought will bringing than this. more important the most important brought
some candies for her son. grabbing grabbed than any other car in the shop. the most expensive , he will move to Seoul. gets a job would have gotten a job more expensive
snacks after 9 in the evening for her diet. to eat eaten your identity be revealed. did
Chapter 03
75
Chapter 04
Passage 13_ Greek Shipping Power Passage 14_ Hawaii and Non-Native Species Passage 15_ How to Burn Fat with Foods that Boost Metabolism Passage 16_ How to Make a Decision
Vocabulary Pre-check
accidentally aggressive alter
B A
, boost
, ,
carbohydrate destruction
parallel to pepper
~ ()
passionate
digest
phenomenon
enhance
pride
extinction flavor
, faraway
quantity
, ,
give attention to
~ ,
reduce
~ refer to ~ result in
~ head for
self-confidence spice
in addition to ingredient
v . spread
, indigenous
survival
, knowingly , a . lean
make a decision
Passage
Person History
Many scholars have this belief that advanced sailing techniques helped the ancient empire of Greece rise to power in the eighth century B.C. (a) Greece is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea. This means that Greece was right at the crossroads of many ancient shipping paths. (b) From Greece one can head for Africa, the Middle East and even to the western tip of Europe. In addition to its location, Greece is made up of hundreds of small islands. Traveling to and from these islands naturally requires a boat. (c) The fact that the Greek mainland is quite mountainous resulted in its people living on its coasts. As farming such a country is difficult, people must turn to the seas for their livelihood, and in order to exploit the seas it is natural to develop navigating skills. (d) There are other countries for whom necessity was the mother of invention, and there are some modern-day parallels to Greece. (e) Greece was amongst the first nations to build ships that could transport large quantities of goods, and established ports in faraway places such as Persia and India. As an important trading and shipping nation, Greece held tremendous power over other civilizations in its time.
empire [mpai]
right [rait] , ,
in addition to ~
78
Level 2-A
Info Scan
1.
. . . . .
Analysis
2.
Reference
3.
such a country ?
a country that is made up of many islands a country where people live on the coasts a country that has many mountains a country where people travel islands a country with advanced navigating skills
Coherence
4.
(a)~(e) ?
Chapter 04
79
Grammar
that
Many scholars have this belief that advanced sailing techniques helped the ancient empire of Greece rise to power.
+
Quiz
.
.
1. . I heard the news that she is coming to the meeting ? 2. Do you know the theory that
Structure
The fact that the Greek mainland is quite mountainous resulted in its people living on its coasts.
The fact ?
The fact that the Greek mainland is quite mountainous resulted in its people living on its coasts
80
Level 2-A
Passage 13
Writing
1.
2. Greece
4. People
must turn to
5. Greece
Chapter 04
81
Passage
Many parts of the earth are impacted by aggressive, hardy species spread either knowingly or accidentally by humans. Non-native species of plants or animals usually have on their new environment. Half of the area of the islands of Hawaii has fallen victim to this phenomenon. The Hawaiian environment has been tragically altered by foreign species. For instance, the Indian mongoose which was brought to Hawaii in the nineteenth century to kill rats has greatly affected the bird population in Hawaii. It (a) has been destroyed / has destroyed the nesting grounds of many indigenous birds, threatening their survival. Nonnative species are now considered the greatest threat to plants and animals after habitat destruction. Non-native species are increasing extinction rates at an (b) alarmed / alarming pace. Can we reduce the destruction caused by non-native species? How do humans usually help species move from one region to another? Is it possible that nonnative species could have a positive impact on a new environment?
aggressive [grsiv] ,
spread [spred]
accidentally [ksidntli] ,
non-native [nnnitiv]
alter [;lt] ,
indigenous [indd,ns] ,
habitat [hbtt] ,
destruction [distr=kn]
82
Level 2-A
Inference
1.
Indian mongoose ?
to show how the ecosystem changes non-native species in the area to explain how non-native species survive in their new environment to explain that it is disadvantageous to import the Indian mongoose to explain the effects that non-native species have on the environment to point out the reason why the Indian mongoose was brought to Hawaii
Analysis
2.
Indian mongoose .
: to kill rats : has greatly affected indigenous bird population in Hawaii
Coherence
3.
desirable results positive effects negative impacts sudden fallout unknown circumstances
Grammar
4.
(a), (b) .
Chapter 04
83
Grammar
Many parts of the earth are impacted by aggressive, hardy species. The Hawaiian environment has been tragically altered by foreign species. The Indian mongoose was brought to Hawaii in the nineteenth century to kill rats. Non-native species are now considered the greatest threat.
Tips . ,
.
Quiz
, .
. .
1. She wrote the two letters. The two letters were written by her
2. One should deal with the glasses very carefully. The glasses should be dealt with very carefully
Structure
The Indian mongoose which was brought to Hawaii in the nineteenth century to kill rats has greatly affected the bird population in Hawaii.
?
The Indian mongoose which was brought ~ to kill rats has greatly affected the bird population in Hawaii
84
Level 2-A
Passage 14
Writing
4. Non-native species
and animals.
are now considered
Chapter 04
85
Passage
Food Health
If you are dieting, you obviously want to eat foods which your body will burn off or metabolize the fastest. Metabolism refers to how ones body digests and makes energy out of food. People with a faster metabolism can eat more because they burn up food faster than other people. Certain foods can increase ones metabolism and also help (A) burn / burning up calories faster. What are the foods which will increase your metabolism helping you lose weight faster? The best metabolism (B) enhanced / enhancing foods are those which have a lot of protein in them. For instance, there are meats such as lean beef, chicken breast and fish. Milk, cheese and eggs also have a lot of protein in them. So foods with a lot of these ingredients will boost your metabolism. Not only will these high quality proteins help you boost your metabolism, but many natural carbohydrates will also do the same thing. Wheat, barley and oats are all good sources of natural carbohydrates. Vegetables and fruits are also high in carbohydrates. Spices which flavor your food are also good for increasing your metabolic rate. Spices such as hot peppers raise your body temperature. (C) Raised / Raising your bodys temperature results in a higher metabolism, and therefore more calories are being burned. So now you have another reason for choosing those spicy dishes you like so much.
metabolize [mtbliz]
wheat [wi;t]
spice [spais]
pepper [pp] ,
86
Level 2-A
Info Scan
1.
. . . . .
Detail
2.
Grammar
3.
burning burning
enhancing
Detail
4.
Chapter 04
87
Grammar
People with a faster metabolism can eat more because they burn up food faster than other people.
+
Tips . more .
Quiz
2. . (sensitive, well-being issues, in the past) Nowadays, people are much more sensitive to well-being issues than in the past .
Structure
The best metabolism enhancing foods are those which have a lot of protein in them.
foods .
those ?
The best metabolism enhancing foods are those which have a lot of protein in them
88
Level 2-A
Passage 15
Writing
or
2. Metabolism refers to
of food.
4.
metabolism, but many natural carbohydrates will also do the same thing.
Not only will
5. Spices
rate.
Chapter 04
89
Passage
(A) Once you have made (a) of / up your mind about something that is the best, not the easiest, devote your excellence (b) to / for the path you have chosen. Do not take even the smallest act lightly. Mahatma Gandhi once said, We are judged by the little things we do. So do every little thing to the best of your ability. Give as much attention to the little things as you would to something you think is the most important. (B) Making the proper decision as well as acting to the best of your ability will result in great growth in pride and self-confidence. Feeling confident will lead you to have more energy and be more passionate about life. You cannot conquer all your problems by analyzing them. You must make decisions and act! (C) A decision always has an easy option, which is rarely the best option. The easy option is usually the option which is the most comfortable for you to take. You need, however, to move (c) to / out of your comfort zone since staying within its boundary can limit your experience and future.
passionate [pnit]
boundary [bundri] , ,
90
Level 2-A
Info Scan
1.
?
. . . , . .
Grammar
2.
(A) up of up of up
Coherence
3.
(B) - (A) - (C) (C) - (B) - (A) (C) - (A) - (B) (B) - (C) - (A) (A) - (C) - (B)
Summary
4.
Chapter 04
91
Grammar
A decision always has an easy option, which is rarely the best option.
+
Tips ( , ) ,
. . who which , that .
Quiz
1. Peter , . (turn out, innocent) Every one suspected Peter, who turned out to be innocent 2. , . (make) The clock struck thirteen, which made everyone laugh . .
Structure
()
Making the proper decision as well as acting to the best of your ability will result in great growth in pride and self-confidence.
?
Making the proper decision as well as acting to the best of your ability
Making the proper decision as well as acting to the best of your ability will result in great growth in pride and self-confidence
92
Level 2-A
Passage 16
Writing
1. You
2.
4. Feeling confident
5. The easy option is usually the option which is the most comfortable
.
for you to take
Chapter 04
93
Review
A
.
01. aggressive 02. alter 03. devote 04. enhance 05. exploit 06. extinction
, , , ,
07. habitat 08. ingredient 09. metabolism 10. positive 11. quality 12. tremendous
A .
01. 02. (the genetic composition) 03. 04. (boost) 05. (support) 06. (threatened)
aggressive strategy altering the genetic composition exploit natural resources how to boost the metabolism the tremendous support of the government be threatened with extinction
A .
01.
Ingredients
are the things that are used to make something, especially all the
different foods you use when you are cooking a particular dish. 02. The
habitat
something means to improve its value, quality, or attractiveness. your time or your energy to something, you spend all or
quality
most of your time or energy on it. 05. Australian producers now face the task of earning a reputation for rather than quantity. 06. The idea of distinguishing between a negative and a(n) the term liberty goes back at least to Kant.
positive
sense of
94
Level 2-A
Passages 13~16
you read, the wiser you become. The most The more
that
03. She took some money from her mom, which that
04. No one can bring in food. Food cant is brought 05. The news which 06. She sent me a card. A card was send 07. People are the best 08. I have a brother, which that was sending be brought
he won the lottery was found untrue. that for to me by her. was sent
interested in buying a PDA than before. the more works at a bank. who by them. was finishing he would more
09. They finished most of the juice. Most of the juice was finished finished
10. We didnt believe his announcement reduce the working hours. which that
of
Chapter 04
95
Chapter 05
Passage 17_ How to Overcome Low Self-Esteem Passage 18_ Human Motivation Passage 19_ Ideas for Gift Baskets Passage 20_ Magazines as a Source of Information
Vocabulary Pre-check
, appreciate
internal
arrogant
~ ~ ,
as a form of
, assemble attitude
motivation mug
(),
be bound to
be delivered to boredom
multiply
nowadays
concentrate on
v . concrete
curiosity
v . range
(), ()
recipient
~ , refer to , n . regard
response
external framed
free time
z, {
, ()
subscription least
, ~
Passage
Without a high regard for yourself, life becomes difficult. When you believe you will fail, you tend to avoid certain situations. By turning your back on lifes challenges, you are never able to succeed. And then youre never able to build your self-esteem. Its a vicious cycle. The cycle must be stopped. Self-esteem is something you can develop. You have to stop (a) to believe / believing that you are born either with it or without it. In order to develop self-esteem, experts suggest you should concentrate on the positive things in your life. Of course, if you lack self-esteem, you might think that there are no positive things in your life. Thats just not true. Everyone has something positive happening in his or her life. You must find it, focus on it, and (b) go / going forward. Going forward means your confidence is building because youre focusing on a positive thing, which slowly multiplies into many positive things. Having self-esteem will change your life. (A) You will be able to face difficulties now instead of running away from them. (B) Others will sense your new attitude. (C) They will accept you for who you are. Telling others to accept you the way you are is not being arrogant. (D) It is a bigger problem that you go through life wanting to be liked or (c) to fear / fearing others opinions of you. (E)
self-esteem [selfist;m]
98
Level 2-A
Inference
1.
A positive attitude can be learned by focusing on positive things in life. To be successful, you need to know how harsh your life can be. Self-esteem is something that can be built without being arrogant to others. Having confidence in yourself can bring positive effects to you. You should build self-esteem and face difficulties to be successful.
Detail
2.
. . . . .
Grammar
3.
4.
(A)~(E) , ?
This is simply you being yourself and not dancing to the beat of someone elses drum. (A) (D) (B) (E)
Chapter 05
(C)
99
Grammar
should
In order to develop self-esteem, experts suggest you should concentrate on the positive things in your life.
+
Quiz
1. . (put) The king ordered that the woman (should) be put 2. . The teacher requested that no one (should) use cell phones in class. in jail.
Structure
Telling others to accept you the way you are is not being arrogant.
?
Telling others to accept you the way you are is not being arrogant
100
Level 2-A
Passage 17
Writing
1.
2. You
it.
from them.
Chapter 05
101
Passage
Human motivation is a response that our body has to some form of either internal or external stimulation. (A) Stimuli are all those things going on inside and outside a person. (B) When we are hungry, a stimulus, we become motivated to eat. (C) The goal is to end hunger so we are motivated to eat something. (D) Every action in life needs a motivation. (E) It is of the utmost importance for everyone to establish aims and purposes for their life. We may not need to set a goal to eat, sleep or drink. Those are internal stimulations. But for external motivations, we certainly do. If a person is motivated to lose weight, he or she must set a goal of losing 2 kilograms. Without goals, we really cant begin to get motivated. As humans, we need to have a reason to do something. That is how our brain works. Establishing a target is only half the battle. We need a plan of how to get to the target. So, for the person who sets the goal of losing 2 kilos, he needs to plan to run every morning for an hour. We should concrete steps to get there without giving up when things dont happen quickly and easily.
response [rispns]
either A or B A B
internal [int;nl]
in simple terms
102
Level 2-A
Info Scan
1.
?
motivation . motivation . motivation . motivation . motivation .
Reference
2.
the battle .
to get to the target
Analysis
3.
, .
James is sending out 10 re sume s a day because he wants to get a job at bank. He decided to find a job because all of his friends have a job while he doesnt.
: : : 10 :
Coherence
4.
(A)~(E) ?
In simple terms, it means our body is reacting to stimuli. (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
Chapter 05
103
Grammar
of + =
It is of the utmost importance for everyone to establish aims and purposes for their life.
+
Quiz
1. . (avail: , ) All the efforts of the doctor were of no avail 2. . (superior) Belgiums woolen cloths are of superior quality . .
Structure
Human motivation is a response that our body has to some form of either internal or external stimulation.
(response) ?
104
Level 2-A
Passage 18
Writing
for
3. That is
4. We need a plan of
Chapter 05
105
Passage
While gift baskets are good gifts, it is not easy to find a gift basket that you would like, since most gift baskets lack in quality. Instead of wasting your time (A) to look / looking for a perfect gift basket, why dont you assemble your own gift basket? Creating a gift basket from scratch allows you (B) personalize / to personalize the gift. You will be able to choose the size of the basket yourself and the items based on the recipients likes and interests. When people receive a basket that has a personal touch, they will appreciate the gift more as they realize that you put a lot of thought and effort into it. Prove to the recipient that you know him or her well by choosing something that refers to his or her hobbies and free-time activities. If the recipient is a fisherman in his free time, you can add a mug with the words Gone Fishing on it. If the recipient loves music, the gift basket can include a CD you made of his or her favorite songs. Or you may want to add a T-shirt with the recipients favorite singer on it. You can even throw in some tickets to the recipients favorite singers next concert. Also dont forget (C) adding / to add things that have special memories of times you and the receiver spent together. For example, you can add a framed picture of a trip you took together. Just remember that .
gift basket
lack in ~
assemble [smbl] ,
from scratch
, ()
based on ~
framed [freimd]
106
Level 2-A
Info Scan
1.
. . . . .
Analysis
2.
.
.
Grammar
3.
Coherence
4.
you will not fail no matter what you put in there you can save much money by doing it yourself you can benefit from making the basket by yourself you can show that you care by doing it yourself you wouldnt be blamed for what you have done
Chapter 05
107
Grammar
Instead of wasting your time looking for a perfect gift basket, why dont you assemble your own gift basket?
+
Quiz
2. . (make excuses) He is a coward who wastes all his energy making excuses.
Structure
You will be able to choose the size of the basket yourself and the items based on the recipients likes and interests.
the items ?
()
()
yourself
108
Level 2-A
Passage 19
Writing
2. You
3. Choose something
activities.
that refers to
5.
Chapter 05
109
Passage
Magazines as a form of media were first introduced in the 1970s. At first they were used to debate the political, economic and social issues of the time. People bought magazines to keep abreast of important issues of the time, (a) to expand / expanding their knowledge and allowing them to form opinions. (A) As time passed people saw that magazines could be used for entertainment. Issues and topics did not need to be so serious. (B) Every age group and everyone with the least interest in any subject can find a magazine they would enjoy. (b) Unlikely / Unlike the uses of the early magazines, many people nowadays use them to ease either their curiosity or boredom. (C) All these magazines are usually available on the basis of a subscription, paying in advance for future monthly or weekly editions of the magazine which will be delivered to a persons house. (D) Since magazines serve many purposes and (c) deal / are dealt with so many topics they are bound to remain an important part of our lives. (E)
least [li;st] ,
ease [i;z] ,
subscription [s<bskrpn]
innumerable [in;mrbl] ,
range [reind,]
110
Level 2-A
Detail
.
.
Grammar
2.
expanding
Coherence
3.
(A)~(E) ?
These days magazines deal with innumerable topics ranging from movies and fashion to politics and business. (A) (D) (B) (E) (C)
Info Scan
4.
. , , . . . .
Chapter 05
111
Grammar
to
Many people nowadays use them to ease either their curiosity or boredom.
+
Tips to , , . ',
, , ' .
Quiz
to .
.
1. . They must be silly to believe his words 2. , . One morning I awoke to find myself famous .
Structure
()
Every age group and everyone with the least interest in any subject can find a magazine they would enjoy.
(everyone) ?
Every age group and everyone with the least interest in any subject can find a magazine they would enjoy
112
Level 2-A
Passage 20
Writing
in the 1970s.
~ important issues of
in any
Chapter 05
113
Review
A
.
01. arrogant 02. assemble 03. be bound to 04. concentrate on 05. external 06. keep abreast of
, , ~ ~ ( internal) ~
07. lack in 08. recipient 09. stimulation 10. subscription 11. least 12. vicious
~ , , , ,
A .
lack in common sense a vicious circle of poverty concentrate on his or her study direct stimulation keep abreast of the times This sort of thing is bound to happen.
A .
is the opposite of internal so it means outside. is often considered to be the superlative form of little. of something is the person who receives it.
04. All magazines are available on the basis of a(n) subscription , paying in advance for future monthly or weekly editions which will be delivered to your house. 05. To
assemble
other people.
114
Level 2-A
Passages 17~20
Chapter 05
115
Level
2-A
AIM HIGH
READING
Answer Keys
Chapter 01
Vocabulary Pre-check
intent , aggressive assume , at times attack , be subject to ~ benefit ; ~ bird-flu boost boring career field , characteristic , chuckle , come up with () compliment concrete action confront , consult , contact convinced countless currently , deserve ~ disaster due to ~ , ~ estimate , even though ~ evolve extroverted feel like -ing ~ fleeting , force foundation , giggle graduate hold back , immune system in the world infected introverted job security long-term ( short-term) major in ~ medication movement () , mutate mysterious nature , negative optimistic pandemic passive , pay check permanent , perplexed prestige , professional proper relieve , reveal secretion , sense of guilt separate , share , side-effect strategy strong-willed , terrorism the number of ~ threat tricky turn into ~ unconscious unsavory ,
Passage
01
| | 1. 2. 3. 4.
even though they are consciously aware of the habits? It lies in the fact that most people pick up a bad habit because it benefits them in some way. For instance, smokers can feel that his or her stress is being relieved. Smokers are not easily convinced of any long-term damage when in fact he or she is getting a short-term benefit from smoking. So these people must realize that the benefit is not permanent; it is only fleeting. In such cases where bad habits are truly difficult to break, you can consult professionals. They can help reprogram the unconscious part of the mind, linking unsavory feelings to the unwanted behavior and forming new habits to deal with stressful or boring situations. | |
, . , . , . , , . ? . . , . , . , . . , .
2. . ,
(in fact he or she is getting a short-term benefit) . 3. (a) be aware thatthat . aware which . (b) , ~ when . (c) In such cases where .
4.
, . . So , any long-term damage a short-term benefit (D) .
| | If one of your habits is driving others crazy, you need a strategy to break your unconscious bad habit. First, you need to be aware that you do have a bad habit. Simply being aware can lead the strong-willed to actually break bad habits, but for most of us it takes more than that. For instance, smokers are aware that their habit is bad and is killing them, but they cannot give it up. Why is it so hard for people to break bad habits
| |
First, you need to be aware that you do have a bad habit.
have do have do.
Answer Keys
5. In such cases where bad habits are truly difficult to break, you can consult professionals.
(~ )
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. .
Passage
02
| | 1. 2. 3. 4.
/ /
| | 1.
, . , Make a career decision based on what you want to do.( .). . . . .
people
: < > Why
WRITING
1. Simply being aware can lead the strong-willed to actually break bad habits.
( )
2. Why is it so hard for people to break bad habits even though they are consciously aware of the habits? ( ) 3. It lies in the fact that most people pick up a bad habit because it benefits them in some way.
(~ )
4. ,
, it has the same meaning and intent( ) .
4. So these people must realize that the benefit is not permanent; it is only fleeting.
( )
! . , . , . . , ! . , 3 2~3 . . , .
| | Many adults frequently ask children what they want to be when they grow up. People have been asking you this question ever since you were a little kid. As a child goes through the education system, the question changes but it has the same meaning and intent. People will ask you what you want to major in at college, where you want to go to school and what you want to do with the rest of your life. At times youll feel like saying: How in the world should I know? Im only 18! While making a career decision is tricky, dont get too stressed out. Try to decide on something you would like to do, not just something you think will offer you job security, a fat pay check, or prestige. All of those are subject to change. Do what you want to, and dont worry about the rest! Another thing to remember is that your decision will not be permanent. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, the average college graduates change their jobs once every three years and change career fields two or three times in their lifetime. Non college graduates change their careers even more often. So, dont assume that your first career decision will determine your job for the rest of your life. | |
. . , , ( ) . , , . ,
| |
Another thing to remember is that your decision will not be permanent.
to remember Another thing to .
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. ?
what you want to major in at college where you want to go to school what you want to do with the rest of your life
< >
where you want to go to school what you want to do with the rest of your life
Answer Keys
WRITING
1. Many adults frequently ask children what they want to be when they grow up. ( ) 2. People will ask you what you want to do with the rest of your life. ( ) 3. Try to decide on something you would like to do, not just something you think will offer you job security, a fat pay check, or prestige.
( )
. 4. mutates;z{ , changes .
| | The global health community is perplexed because it is confronting a problem which may turn into a disaster. The disease seems simple, but they couldnt come up with a proper medication for it. The disease is bird flu and it is stressing the health community who fears it will be the cause of countless deaths in the next few years. At present, people with the disease have only a fifty percent chance of surviving. Terrorism is not the greatest threat to your peaceful life. Everyone doctors, researchers, and scientists agrees that it has the ability to kill more people than any threat currently confronting man. The number of deaths due to the attack of this disease has been relatively small so far, but that doesnt mean it will remain the same. History tells us another pandemic is on the way. It is estimated one occurs every 30~40 years and we are due for the next one right now. We need to prepare and take concrete actions to protect ourselves and our families. The nature, movement and way of working of this virus are mysterious. So far, human beings have suffered from direct contact with infected animals and their secretions. But the virus evolves constantly and mutates into a new deadly form as it passes from animals to human beings. | |
. , . , . , 50%.
4. Another thing to remember is that your decision will not be permanent. ( ) 5. The average college graduates change their jobs once every three years. (3 )
Passage
03
| | 1. 2. 3. 4.
| |
t 1. The disease seems simple, but they couldn come up with a proper medication for it. , , . .
. , , . , . . 30~40 , . . , . . , .
small
: < >
WRITING
1. The disease seems simple, but they couldnt come up with a proper medication for it.
( )
2. At present, people with the disease have only a fifty percent chance of surviving.
(~ 50%)
| |
it is stressing the health community who fears (that) it will be the cause of countless deaths
who the health community . fear it that .
4. We need to prepare and take concrete actions to protect ourselves and our families.
( )
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. , .
Passage
04
| | 1. 2. 3. 4. (a) so (b) to feel | | 1. They are always optimistic about their life and
their chances of succeeding at a task.
Answer Keys
. . .
strong religious foundation. Although it is possible to argue that religious beliefs can force people to feel a greater sense of guilt and as a result have negative feelings, what has actually been proven is that a belief creates positive feelings toward oneself and others. | |
. , . , . 1952 Albert Schweitzer . . . . . . , . . . . , . , . . , .
4. (a) it , so
. , so . (b) <force++to > ~ . force to . to feel .
| | Happiness does not result from being successful. In contrast you need to be happy to achieve success. If you enjoy your job, you will be successful, said Dr. Albert Schweitzer, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1952. Happy people have certain characteristics that separate them from unhappy people. Happy people are passive and peaceful rather than aggressive and violent. They are always optimistic about their life and their chances of succeeding at a task. They are extroverted and gregarious rather than introverted and shy. These characteristics seem to have a healthy side-effect: they boost the immune system. Happy people neither hold back nor hide their joy. They chuckle and giggle to show their pleasure with life. They reveal their true selves to others. When others compliment them, they accept it with pleasure and feel they deserve it. If they want to share their pleasure, they do so. Happy people are also people who have a
| |
Happy people are passive and peaceful rather than aggressive and violent. / They are extroverted and gregarious rather than introverted and shy.
rather than ~ .
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. .
2. .
STRUCTURE
What has actually been proven is that a belief creates positive feelings toward oneself and others.
? ( that)
, , , ,
What has actually been proven is that a belief creates positive feelings
|B| 01. be infected with cholera 02. passive resistance 03. national prestige 04. aggressive behavior 05. an unsavory past 06. a disorder of the immune system |C| 01. extroverted 02. pandemic 03. Introverted 04. compliment 05. Secretion 06. mutates |D| 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08. 09. 10.
WRITING
1. Happy people have certain characteristics that separate them from unhappy people.
( )
2. They are extroverted and gregarious rather than introverted and shy. (~) 3. Happy people neither hold back nor hide their joy. ( ) 4. When others compliment them, they accept it with pleasure and feel they deserve it.
( )
5. It is possible to argue that religious beliefs can force people to feel a greater sense of guilt and as a result have negative feelings.
(~ )
Review
|A| 01. 02. 03.
Answer Keys
Chapter 02
Vocabulary Pre-check
lastly , access adequate adolescent , adopt , affect ( ) , aging process at ones best bad-tempered , biological () break out , bring ~ under control ~ catch up on ( ) clinical , combination consider correlation creativity , currently deal with ~ , depression () determine disorder , , emotion execute expel , fight off , function () get out of control have an effect identification immediate in turn ; ~ infection , initiate intervene , irregular jail , juvenile , life-threatening medication mental , operation peep penal prevent ~ from -ing ~ prevention , psychiatrist psychologist psychotherapy rate , , register , remove restore screening , seek , so-called , stay up late suffer from ~ susceptible to ~ take up tend to ~ the elderly therapy , threaten tragically , trial ultimately , unprecedented unpredictably violence viral () weaken , widespread
10
Passage
05
people believe the juvenile penal system can solve the problem of increasing violence. But it cannot! We are currently putting more and more juveniles in jail, but school violence is not decreasing. Why dont many children feel safe at school? Most schools do not have plans to prevent violence. They only have plans to expel those who are violent and threaten others. It is time to put money into preventing violence. We must learn to intervene before violence breaks out. One of the several ways to do this is to have immediate and easy access to mental health services for all troubled youth and their families. And we can also consider early screening of children with behavior problems to determine the services that are needed. While we can continue to spend money on trials and jails, we must also put more money into prevention through identification and therapy for troubled youth and their families. | |
. . , . . ! , . ? . . . . . . , .
2.
And we can also consider early screening of children with behavior problems to determine the services that are needed. . , One of the several ways to do this is to have immediate and easy access to mental health services for all troubled youth and their families. . .
, 4. intervene , , , prevent .
| | Violence in schools has been increasing at unprecedented rates. Last year, there were many incidents of school violence in the news. The situation is starting to get out of control and we need to act to bring it under control. Most
Answer Keys
11
| |
Violence in schools has been increasing at unprecedented rates.
, .
4. One of the several ways to do this is to have immediate and easy access. ( ) 5. And we can also consider early screening of children with behavior problems to determine the services that are needed. ( )
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. . (feed)
Passage
06
| | 1. 2.
STRUCTURE
One of the several ways to do this is to have immediate and easy access to mental health services for all troubled youth and their families.
(One of the several ways)?
()
to do this
: (access) ?
One of the several ways to do this is to have immediate and easy access to mental health services for all troubled youth and their families
2. , () ,
, .
3. , ,
, . .
WRITING
1. The situation is starting to get out of control.
( )
2. They only have plans to expel those who are violent and threaten others.
( )
12
| | More and more youths are being treated by doctors for sleeping problems which prevent them from getting adequate amounts of rest. An increasing number of teens are also adopting busy lifestyles and ignoring their biological need for sleep. Adolescents need nine hours of sleep, but those suffering from the disorders often get much less. It has been shown by some researchers that the average youth gets about six and a half hours of sleep on a school night. A few high school students often get a lot less than six. Experts also agree that adolescent sleep disorders can be a result of irregular sleeping patterns. Biologically youths are programmed to stay up late and get up late. Unfortunately, that is not the schedule of the schools in their life. And teens try to catch up on their sleep during the weekends, oftentimes sleeping into the afternoon. Adolescent sleep disorders can have negative effects on memory and creativity, which in turn could cause problems with learning abilities. Furthermore, it affects their emotions causing them to be unpredictably bad-tempered. Lastly, the lack of sleep affects their ability to fight off diseases because it weakens their immune systems, leaving them susceptible to colds and other viral infections. | |
. 10 . 9 , . . . .
. . 10 , . , . , . , .
| |
those suffering from the disorders often get much less / A few high school students often get a lot less than six.
much, a lot, still, far, even , .
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. , .
adolescents
suffering ?
who are
: less ?
sleep
< >
Answer Keys
13
WRITING
1. It has been shown by some researchers that the average youth gets about six and a half hours of sleep. ( ) 2. Biologically youths are programmed to stay up late and get up late.
( )
. . , .
3. Teens try to catch up on their sleep during the weekends. (~ ) 4. Adolescent sleep disorders can have negative effects on memory and creativity.
(~ )
4. (a) allow to to
spy . (b) the only thing you can do, is, is to remove (to) initiate . (c) . not , not perform .
5. Lastly, the lack of sleep affects their ability to fight off diseases. ( )
Passage
07
| | Spyware allows other people to view your computer system and see what you have been doing and what you have stored on your computer. It allows others to spy on you! Spyware is so dangerous because you wouldnt know even if it gathers information on you. (C) The spyware will be watching you and then peeping in and finally it will get installed in your computer system. After the spyware registers itself on your system, it will start damaging the operation of programs and make your computer run slow, making it not perform at its best. (A) Ultimately spyware may prevent you from using your computer at all because it might take up so much space in your registry that other functions cannot be executed. In this case, the only thing you can do is to remove every thing from the hard drive and initiate a proper restoring process. (B) But once things are removed from your hard drive without any backup of the files, there is no way you can recover them. This is the worst thing the spyware can actually do to your
| | 1. 2. 3.
4. | | 1.
. (C) , (A) , (B) .
14
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. .
STRUCTURE
The only thing you can do is to remove every thing from the hard drive and initiate a proper restoring process.
to remove ?
initiate
< >
The only thing you can do is 1 to remove every thing from the hard
drive
2 (to) initiate a proper restoring process
WRITING
1. Spyware allows other people to see what you have been doing and what you have stored on your computer. ( ) 2. Because you wouldnt know even if it gathers information on you. ( ) 3. It might take up so much space in your registry that other functions cannot be executed.
( )
| |
Spyware allows other people to view your computer system / It allows others to spy on you!
allow <allow++to> .
4. The only thing you can do is to remove every thing from the hard drive.
( )
because it might take up so much space in your registry that other functions cannot be executed
<so ~ that ...> ~ .
5. This is the worst thing the spyware can actually do to your computer system.
( )
Answer Keys
15
Passage
08
| | Depression is widespread throughout society. It can affect teenagers and seniors, males and females, and people of any race. While depression is not a normal part of the aging process, there is a strong correlation between depression and people who are suffering from life-threatening diseases. Tragically, the elderly suffering from depression are often ignored since people tend to think their feelings are natural and a normal part of aging. However, clinical depression is never a normal response; it is a serious medical illness that should be treated at any age. Though depression is a serious medical condition, only 3% of the elderly treated for mental health problems get professional help for their condition. Many elderly dont think their depression is serious enough for them to seek professional help. Most elderly people feeling depressed very often are merely treated by their general practitioner, not a psychologist or psychiatrist. But general practitioners are not trained to deal with this disease. But the good news is that this disease is treatable. More than 80% of all people with depression can be successfully treated with medication, psychotherapy or a combination of both. | |
. , . , . , , . . . , 3%
| | 1. / 2. 3. (
)
16
. . . . . 80% , , .
< >
psychologist or psychiatrist
WRITING | |
Tragically, the elderly (who are) suffering from depression are often ignored
the elderly suffering < +be > , (who are) .
1. There is a strong correlation between depression and people who are suffering from life-threatening diseases.
( )
2. It is a serious medical illness that should be treated at any age. ( ) 3. Only 3% of the elderly treated for mental health problems get professional help for their condition. ( ) 4. Most elderly people feeling depressed very often are merely treated by their general practitioner, not a psychologist or psychiatrist.
( ~ )
only 3% of the elderly ~ get professional help for their condition / More than 80% of all people with depression can be successfully treated
, of .
5. More than 80% of all people with depression can be successfully treated with medication, psychotherapy or a combination of both.
( 80% )
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. .
STRUCTURE
Most elderly people feeling depressed very often are merely treated by their general practitioner, not a psychologist or psychiatrist.
?
Answer Keys
17
Review
|A| 01. 02. , 03. , 04. , , 05. , 06. 07. , 08. , 09. 10. ~ 11. ~ 12. |B| 01. a fire breaks out 02. be expelled from a school 03. juvenile literature Oa coldP 04. susceptible to colds 05. mental disorder 06. I stayed up late last night. |C| 01. initiate 02. intervene 03. Adolescent 04. tends to 05. unprecedented 06. adopt |D| 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08. 09. 10.
18
Chapter 03
Vocabulary Pre-check
no doubt a roar of laughter adore , advance , ambitious appeal to ~ attitude be based on ~ be known for ~ be likely to ~ be tied down blushing brilliant , bumpy , celebrity communication comprehend , concerned , convince countless , critic , disgusting dub ~ dull , effectively embarrassment , fart fuss , giggle glow , grin idolize incorporate , infamous , literal make a decision make fun of ~ make ones day ~ mass produce not only A, but also B A B nuance , numerous personality , potential , puzzlingly remind remote control , routine side by side stick out strategy thoroughly , throw off trigger
Passage
09
Answer Keys
19
. . .
advance in their careers. They hate wasting time and they speak openly, honestly and fast. Their meaning is clear and without nuance. Reflecting their professional life, their personal life is based on how certain people can help or hurt them. In dealing with other people, what do you think are the main problems you would have with a direct person? What solutions can you think of for these problems? | |
. , , . , . , . 10% . . . . . , . . , . . , . , ? ?
3. , ,
, They merely react.( .). . . . . 4. (a) <be likely to ~> ~ . (b) fast .
| | Communication skills are the key to help you find the path toward a successful career and personal life. If you dont improve your communication skills sooner or later, the road toward happiness will be very bumpy and you may even be thrown off course by others who are upset by your lack of communication skills. Whatever your personality type is, you must find a way to communicate effectively with others who have different personalities. Lets think about potential communication problems and solutions by examining one personality type. People with a very direct personality make up 10% of the population. These people are usually our leaders and bosses. They have clear set goals and have a strategy to achieve them with as little fuss as possible. They do not question the reason for doing something. They merely react. Sometimes they are likely to make decisions so quickly without considering things thoroughly. Direct people are ambitious people who want to
| |
Communication skills are the key to help you find the path
help , to .
their personal life is based on how certain people can help or hurt them
20
how , <how++> . ~ .
Passage
10
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. , .
STRUCTURE
What do you think are the main problems you would have with a direct person?
the main problems , .
| | 1.
. We need emotional intelligence for many things .
2. to
exemplify how emotional intelligence can affect decision making( ) . . , , .
WRITING
1. You may even be thrown off course by others who are upset by your lack of communication skills. ( ) 2. They have clear set goals and have a strategy to achieve them with as little fuss as possible.
( )
3. Sometimes they are likely to make decisions so quickly without considering things thoroughly.
( )
4. Their personal life is based on how certain people can help or hurt them.
( )
5. In dealing with other people, what do you think are the main problems you would have with a direct person? (~ )
Answer Keys
21
| | Ones emotions are a form of information. Others can tell a lot about you by understanding your emotions. And others can also influence you greatly by how well they use their own emotions. Comprehending and using emotions is what emotional intelligence is all about. We need emotional intelligence for many things, among which making good decisions and reacting to others stick out the most. You are in a shop and you are just about to buy, but then you decide not to buy because you dont like the salesmans attitude. So you walk away. You have used your emotional intelligence, and the salesman has failed to use his. When trying to convince others its often better to use your emotions not your, often loud, voice. There are countless times we try to reach others and make them understand something. At those times, nothing works better than appealing to the others emotions. To convince another person, show respect and show youre concerned and caring. Some professors lower their voices when they are about to deliver the most important information of their lectures. They dont shout it out. They show respect for their students and speak softly. There is no need to carry a big stick. Students will know the professors are respecting them and they will tune in. This is using the emotional intelligence. | |
. . . . , . , .
. , . , . . , . , . . . . . , . .
| |
Comprehending and using emotions is what emotional intelligence is all about.
and . is . cf. making good decisions and reacting to others stick out the most
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. .
STRUCTURE
There are countless times when we try to reach others and make them understand something.
(times) ?
when we try to reach others (when we try to) make them understand something
:
22
< >
There are countless times when we try to reach others and make them understand something
WRITING
1. Others can tell a lot about you by understanding your emotions. ( ) 2. Others can also influence you greatly by how well they use their own emotions.
( )
3. make
, . someone special , giggle . someone . make someone special giggle . , 4. How cute he is! cuteness() .
| | We are tied down by lifes routines and we often forget to value the many good things in life. Most importantly, it seems we have forgotten how to laugh. We only laugh at sitcoms or other comedy shows on TV these days. But if you really want to remind someone of the good things in life, gag gifts are perfect to make someone special giggle. Gag gifts are neither stupid nor useless. Rather they are laugh medicine. They will make our day by reminding us that we need not be so serious about our life. They will shine on our dull day. For every person a gag gift is better than typical gifts such as flowers, candies, etc. Have you ever heard of the Farting Bear? It works by remote control. Put him on a table and people will smile and say, How cute he is! And as soon as the words are out of that persons mouth, you use the remote control to trigger a disgusting sounding fart. The person who has just remarked on the bears cuteness will look at you puzzlingly. But as you grin from ear to ear, the person will no doubt break out in a full force roar of laughter. And the laughter will continue as both of you see the bear glow red blushing in embarrassment.
4. Some professors lower their voices when they are about to deliver the most important information of their lectures.
( ~ )
Passage
11
Answer Keys
23
Gag gifts such as the Farting Bear are a good way to get people to put a smile on their face. | |
, . , . TV . , . . . . . , . ? . , ! . , . . , . . .
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. . < >
STRUCTURE
The person who has just remarked on the bears cuteness will look at you puzzlingly.
the person ?
WRITING
1. We often forget to value the many good things in life. ( ) 2. But if you really want to remind someone of the good things in life, gag gifts are perfect to make someone special giggle.
( ~ )
| |
gag gifts are perfect to make someone special giggle
make someone special, giggle .
4. The person will no doubt break out in a full force roar of laughter. ( ) 5. The laughter will continue as both of you see the bear glow red blushing in embarrassment.
( )
24
Passage
12
workers were labelled superstars. Together he and his superstars produced numerous silk screen of commercial objects which have become famous e.g., Campbells Soup, Coca Cola, etc. Many critics are still unsure whether these silk screens were meant to make fun of or support the highly commercial society. In his later years, he was one of the artists hired by Absolute Vodka to incorporate the alcohol bottle into his work. Not only did he seem to adore commercial society, but he also adored idolizing celebrities. His most famous portrait is of Marilyn Monroe. In that portrait he placed side by side numerous pictures of her face, but in each picture he changed the colors of parts of her face. The effect is of a brilliant colorful collage. He also did portraits of Elvis Presley and Elizabeth Taylor. | |
Andy Warhol 1960 . , , , . . . Campbell s Soup, Coca Cola . . Absolute Vodka . , . Marilyn Monroe. , . . Elvis Presley Elizabeth Taylor .
| | Andy Warhol was one of the founding members of the Pop Art Movement in the 1960s. Although he was involved in many creative areas such as writing, filmmaking, and producing music, he is best known for his silk screens of commercial objects and celebrities. He worked in his infamous studio dubbed The Factory which was a literal reference to the ability to mass produce art itself. His factory
Answer Keys
25
| |
Many critics are still unsure whether these silk screens were meant to make fun of or support the highly commercial society
be unsure whether ~ or , were meant to make support .
WRITING
1. He was involved in many creative areas such as writing, filmmaking, and producing music.
( )
3. He worked in his infamous studio dubbed The Factory which was a literal reference to the ability to mass produce art itself.
( )
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. , .
4. Many critics are still unsure whether these silk screens were meant to make fun of or support the highly commercial society.
(~ )
5. Not only did he seem to adore commercial society, but he also adored idolizing celebrities.
( ~ )
STRUCTURE
He worked in his infamous studio dubbed The Factory which was a literal reference to the ability to mass produce art itself.
infamous studio (dubbed)?
The Factory
The Factory ?
He worked
26
Review
|A| 01. 02. 03. , 04. , 05. 06. , 07. , 08. 09. , 10. 11. 12. |B| 01. disgusting smell 02. ambitious politician 03. literal meaning 04. the most infamous criminal 05. be concerned about the future 06. rather value friendship than love |C| 01. found 02. celebrity 03. reminds 04. comprehend 05. potential 06. triggers |D| 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08. 09. 10.
Answer Keys
27
Chapter 04
Vocabulary Pre-check
non-native accidentally , aggressive , alarming pace alter , barley be made up of ~ boost , boundary , , carbohydrate crossroad , destruction devote , digest empire enhance exploit , extinction faraway , flavor furthermore , give attention to ~ habitat , hardy head for ~ hold power over ~ impact in addition to ~ indigenous , ingredient knowingly , lean , make a decision make A out of B B A make up ones mind metabolize mountainous navigating skill nesting ground oat option , parallel to ~ () passionate pepper , phenomenon positive (negative) power , pride protein quality , quantity , , rarely ~ rat reduce refer to ~ result in ~ self-confidence , spice spread survival the Mediterranean Sea tremendous victim wheat
Passage
13
| | 1. 2.
/
3. 4.
28
| | 1.
, .
and there are some modern-day parallels to Greece.) Greece was amongst the first nations to build ships that could transport large quantities of goods, and established ports in faraway places such as Persia and India. As an important trading and shipping nation, Greece held tremendous power over other civilizations in its time. | |
8 . . . , . , . . . , , . ( , .) , . , .
2.
, . , .
4.
. (d) , , .
| | Many scholars have this belief that advanced sailing techniques helped the ancient empire of Greece rise to power in the eighth century B.C. Greece is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea. This means that Greece was right at the crossroads of many ancient shipping paths. From Greece one can head for Africa, the Middle East and even to the western tip of Europe. In addition to its location, Greece is made up of hundreds of small islands. Traveling to and from these islands naturally requires a boat. The fact that the Greek mainland is quite mountainous resulted in its people living on its coasts. As farming such a country is difficult, people must turn to the seas for their livelihood, and in order to exploit the seas it is natural to develop navigating skills. (There are other countries for whom necessity was the mother of invention,
| |
advanced sailing techniques helped the ancient empire of Greece rise to power
<help++(to+)> , rise to .
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. .
Answer Keys
29
STRUCTURE
The fact that the Greek mainland is quite mountainous resulted in its people living on its coasts.
The fact ?
Passage
14
| | 1. 2. : to kill rats
: has greatly affected indigenous bird
population in Hawaii
WRITING
1. Advanced sailing techniques helped the ancient empire of Greece rise to power in the eighth century B.C. ( ) 2. Greece was right at the crossroads of many ancient shipping paths.
(~ )
3. The fact that the Greek mainland is quite mountainous resulted in its people living on its coasts.
( )
3. victim negative
impacts( ) .
30
| | Many parts of the earth are impacted by aggressive, hardy species spread either knowingly or accidentally by humans. Nonnative species of plants or animals usually have negative impacts on their new environment. Half of the area of the islands of Hawaii has fallen victim to this phenomenon. The Hawaiian environment has been tragically altered by foreign species. For instance, the Indian mongoose which was brought to Hawaii in the nineteenth century to kill rats has greatly affected the bird population in Hawaii. It has destroyed the nesting grounds of many indigenous birds, threatening their survival. Non-native species are now considered the greatest threat to plants and animals after habitat destruction. Non-native species are increasing extinction rates at an alarming pace. Can we reduce the destruction caused by nonnative species? How do humans usually help species move from one region to another? Is it possible that non-native species could have a positive impact on a new environment? | |
() . . . . , 19 . . . . ? ? ?
| |
Half of the area of the islands of Hawaii has fallen victim to this phenomenon.
half of . the area has .
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. She wrote the two letters.
STRUCTURE
The Indian mongoose which was brought to Hawaii in the nineteenth century to kill rats has greatly affected the bird population in Hawaii.
?
brought ~ to kill rats has greatly affected the bird population in Hawaii
WRITING
1. Many parts of the earth are impacted by aggressive, hardy species spread either knowingly or accidentally by humans.
( )
2. The Indian mongoose which was brought to Hawaii in the 19 century to kill rats has greatly affected the bird population in Hawaii.
( )
3. It has destroyed the nesting grounds of many indigenous birds, threatening their survival.
( )
Answer Keys
31
4. Non-native species are now considered the greatest threat to plants and animals.
( )
| | If you are dieting, you obviously want to eat foods which your body will burn off or metabolize the fastest. Metabolism refers to how ones body digests and makes energy out of food. People with a faster metabolism can eat more because they burn up food faster than other people. Certain foods can increase ones metabolism and also help burn up calories faster. What are the foods which will increase your metabolism helping you lose weight faster? The best metabolism enhancing foods are those which have a lot of protein in them. For instance, there are meats such as lean beef, chicken breast and fish. Milk, cheese and eggs also have a lot of protein in them. So foods with a lot of these ingredients will boost your metabolism. Not only will these high quality proteins help you boost your metabolism, but many natural carbohydrates will also do the same thing. Wheat, barley and oats are all good sources of natural carbohydrates. Vegetables and fruits are also high in carbohydrates. Spices which flavor your food are also good for increasing your metabolic rate. Spices such as hot peppers raise your body temperature. Raising your bodys temperature results in a higher metabolism, and therefore more calories are being burned. So now you have another reason for choosing those spicy dishes you like so much. | |
, . . . .
Passage
15
| | 1. 2. 3. 4.
| | 1.
. . People with a faster metabolism can eat more because they burn up food faster than other people. .
3. (A) help ,
to , burning burn . (B) enhancing . (C) Raising . Raising results in . s temperature results in a 4. Raising your body higher metabolism, and therefore more calories are being burned. . , .
32
? . , , . , . . , . , , . . . . , . .
those ?
The best metabolism enhancing foods are those which have a lot of protein in
them
WRITING
1. You obviously want to eat foods which our body will burn off or metabolize the fastest.
( )
2. Metabolism refers to how ones body digests and makes energy out of food.
( )
| |
Metabolism refers to how ones body digests and makes energy out of food.
how refers to . <(how)+(one s body)+ (digests and makes)> .
3. What are the foods which will increase your metabolism helping you lose weight faster?
( )
4. Not only will these high quality proteins help you boost your metabolism, but many natural carbohydrates will also do the same thing.
(~ )
Spices which flavor your food are also good for increasing your metabolic rate.
Spices which flavor your food which . which .
5. Spices which flavor your food are also good for increasing your metabolic rate. ( )
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. .
Passage
16
STRUCTURE
The best metabolism enhancing foods are those which have a lot of protein in them.
foods .
Answer Keys
33
| |
(C) , . . , . (A) , . . Mahatma Gandhi . . . (B) . . . !
3. (C) ,
(A) , (B) .
4. .
When you make a decision, make sure that your choice is the best, not something that is the most comfortable and, once the decision is made, try to give your best at everything. ( , , , .)
| | (C) A decision always has an easy option, which is rarely the best option. The easy option is usually the option which is the most comfortable for you to take. You need, however, to move out of your comfort zone since staying within its boundary can limit your experience and future. (A) Once you have made up your mind about something that is the best, not the easiest, devote your excellence to the path you have chosen. Do not take even the smallest act lightly. Mahatma Gandhi once said, We are judged by the little things we do. So do every little thing to the best of your ability. Give as much attention to the little things as you would to something you think is the most important. (B) Making the proper decision as well as acting to the best of your ability will result in great growth in pride and self-confidence. Feeling confident will lead you to have more energy and be more passionate about life. You cannot conquer all your problems by analyzing them. You must make decisions and act!
| |
Feeling confident will lead you to have more energy and (to) be more passionate about life.
lead you, to have ~ (to) be ~ .
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. Peter , .
STRUCTURE
Making the proper decision as well as acting to the best of your ability will result in great growth in pride and self-confidence.
34
Making the proper decision as well as acting to the best of your ability
< > Making the proper decision as well as
11. , (cf. quantity , ) 12. , |B| 01. aggressive strategy 02. altering the genetic composition 03. exploit natural resources 04. how to boost the metabolism 05. the tremendous support of the government 06. be threatened with extinction |C| 01. Ingredients 02. habitat 03. enhance 04. devote 05. quality 06. positive |D| 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08. 09. 10.
acting to the best of your ability will result in great growth in pride and self-confidence
WRITING
1. You have made up your mind about something that is the best, not the easiest. ( ) 2. Give as much attention to the little things as you would to something you think is the most important. (~ ) 3. Making the proper decision as well as acting to the best of your ability will result in great growth in pride and self-confidence.
( )
4. Feeling confident will lead you to have more energy and be more passionate about life.
( ~ )
5. The easy option is usually the option which is the most comfortable for you to take.
( )
Review
|A| 01. , 02. , 03. , 04. 05. , 06. 07. , 08. , 09. 10. ( negative)
Answer Keys
35
Chapter 05
Vocabulary Pre-check
recipient , appreciate , arrogant , as a form of ~ assemble , attitude be bound to ~ be delivered to ~ boredom concentrate on ~ concrete curiosity deal with ~ debate (), () entertainment , establish expand , expert external framed free time from scratch , () gift basket in advance , in simple terms innumerable , instead of ~ internal keep abreast of ~ lack in ~ media , motivation (), mug multiply , nowadays on the basis of ~ personalize prove , range refer to ~ , regard , response run away from ~ self-esteem stimulation stimulus z, { subscription least turn ones back on ~ unlikely utmost , vicious ,
Passage
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| | 1. 2. 3. 4. | | 1.
. You should build self-esteem and face difficulties to be successful.( .) . , . . , .
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. .
are. Telling others to accept you the way you are is not being arrogant. This is simply you being yourself and not dancing to the beat of someone elses drum. It is a bigger problem that you go through life wanting to be liked or fearing others opinions of you. | |
, . , . , . . . . . . . , , . . . , , . , , . . . . . . . .
3. (a) ,
stop believing . (b) find, focus, go must , . (c) wanting fearing .
| | Without a high regard for yourself, life becomes difficult. When you believe you will fail, you tend to avoid certain situations. By turning your back on lifes challenges, you are never able to succeed. And then youre never able to build your self-esteem. Its a vicious cycle. The cycle must be stopped. Self-esteem is something you can develop. You have to stop believing that you are born either with it or without it. In order to develop self-esteem, experts suggest you should concentrate on the positive things in your life. Of course, if you lack self-esteem, you might think that there are no positive things in your life. Thats just not true. Everyone has something positive happening in his or her life. You must find it, focus on it, and go forward. Going forward means your confidence is building because youre focusing on a positive thing, which slowly multiplies into many positive things. Having self-esteem will change your life. You will be able to face difficulties now instead of running away from them. Others will sense your new attitude. They will accept you for who you
| |
You have to stop believing that you are born either with it or without it.
stop .~ . <stop+to> ~ .
Going forward means your confidence is building because youre focusing on a positive
Answer Keys
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Passage
18
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. .
STRUCTURE
Telling others to accept you the way you are is not being arrogant.
?
3. James 10
. , . , , . 10 , .
WRITING
1. By turning your back on lifes challenges, you are never able to succeed.
(~ )
4. In simple terms
. it means our body is reacting to stimuli Human motivation is a response that our body has to some form of either internal or external stimulation. , (A) .
2. You have to stop believing that you are born either with it or without it.
( )
3. In order to develop self-esteem, experts suggest you should concentrate on the positive things in your life. (~ ) 4. You will be able to face difficulties now instead of running away from them. ( ) 5. They will accept you for who you are.
( )
| | Human motivation is a response that our body has to some form of either internal or external stimulation. In simple terms, it means our body is reacting to stimuli. Stimuli are all those things going on inside and outside a person. When we are hungry, a stimulus, we become motivated to eat. The goal is to end hunger so we are
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motivated to eat something. Every action in life needs a motivation. It is of the utmost importance for everyone to establish aims and purposes for their life. We may not need to set a goal to eat, sleep or drink. Those are internal stimulations. But for external motivations, we certainly do. If a person is motivated to lose weight, he or she must set a goal of losing 2 kilograms. Without goals, we really cant begin to get motivated. As humans, we need to have a reason to do something. That is how our brain works. Establishing a target is only half the battle. We need a plan of how to get to the target. So, for the person who sets the goal of losing 2 kilos, he needs to plan to run every morning for an hour. We should concrete steps to get there without giving up when things dont happen quickly and easily. | |
() . , . . , , . , . . . . . , . , 2 . . . . . . 2 , 1 . , .
| |
That is how our brain works.
That , is. how our brain works is , < how+ our brain+ works> .
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. .
STRUCTURE
Human motivation is a response that our body has to some form of either internal or external stimulation.
(response) ?
WRITING
1. Human motivation is a response that our body has to some form of either internal or external stimulation. ( ) 2. It is of the utmost importance for everyone to establish aims and purposes for their life.
( )
Answer Keys
39
Passage
19
your time looking for a perfect gift basket, why dont you assemble your own gift basket? Creating a gift basket from scratch allows you to personalize the gift. You will be able to choose the size of the basket yourself and the items based on the recipients likes and interests. When people receive a basket that has a personal touch, they will appreciate the gift more as they realize that you put a lot of thought and effort into it. Prove to the recipient that you know him or her well by choosing something that refers to his or her hobbies and free-time activities. If the recipient is a fisherman in his free time, you can add a mug with the words Gone Fishing on it. If the recipient loves music, the gift basket can include a CD you made of his or her favorite songs. Or you may want to add a T-shirt with the recipients favorite singer on it. You can even throw in some tickets to the recipients favorite singers next concert. Also dont forget to add things that have special memories of times you and the receiver spent together. For example, you can add a framed picture of a trip you took together. Just remember that you can show that you care by doing it yourself. | |
, . , ? . . , . , . ,Gone
| | 1. / 2.
. / .
3. 4. | |
1. . . .
3. (A) <waste++-ing> ~
. (B) <allow++to> to personalize . (C) , <forget+to <forget+-ing>~ >~ . to add .
4.
. you can show that you care by doing it yourself( , ) .
| | While gift baskets are good gifts, it is not easy to find a gift basket that you would like, since most gift baskets lack in quality. Instead of wasting
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Fishing . , CD . . . . , . .
WRITING
1. It is not easy to find a gift basket that you would like. ( ) 2. You will be able to choose the size of the basket yourself and the items based on the recipients likes and interests. ( ) 3. Choose something that refers to his or her hobbies and free-time activities. (~ ) 4. Or you may want to add a T-shirt with the recipients favorite singer on it.
( )
| |
Creating a gift basket from scratch allows you to personalize the gift.
Creating a gift basket from scratch , 5 allow < allows+(you)+to(to personalize)> .
5. Dont forget to add things that have special memories of times you and the receiver spent together. (~ )
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. .
Passage
20
| | 1. 2. 3. 4.
.
STRUCTURE
You will be able to choose the size of the basket yourself and the items based on the recipients likes and interests.
the items ?
Answer Keys
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, . , . . . . , . , . , .
3.
. , (B) .
| | Magazines as a form of media were first introduced in the 1970s. At first they were used to debate the political, economic and social issues of the time. People bought magazines to keep abreast of important issues of the time, expanding their knowledge and allowing them to form opinions. As time passed people saw that magazines could be used for entertainment. Issues and topics did not need to be so serious. These days magazines deal with innumerable topics ranging from movies and fashion to politics and business. Every age group and everyone with the least interest in any subject can find a magazine they would enjoy. Unlike the uses of the early magazines, many people nowadays use them to ease either their curiosity or boredom. All these magazines are usually available on the basis of a subscription, paying in advance for future monthly or weekly editions of the magazine which will be delivered to a persons house. Since magazines serve many purposes and deal with so many topics they are bound to remain an important part of our lives. | |
1970 . , , .
| |
At first they were used to debate the political, economic and social issues of the time.
were used to <be used+to> ~ . <used to+> ~ , <be used to+ -ing> ~ .
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. .
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least interest in any subject can find a magazine they would enjoy
|B| 01. lack in common sense 02. a vicious circle of poverty 03. concentrate on his or her study 04. direct stimulation 05. keep abreast of the times 06. This sort of thing is bound to happen. |C| 01. External 02. Least 03. recipient 04. subscription 05. assemble 06. arrogant |D| 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08. 09. 10.
WRITING
1. Magazines as a form of media were first introduced in the 1970s. ( ) 2. People bought magazines to keep abreast of important issues of the time.
(~ )
3. These days magazines deal with innumerable topics ranging from movies and fashion to politics and business. ( ) 4. Every age group and everyone with the least interest in any subject can find a magazine they would enjoy. ( ) 5. Since magazines serve many purposes and deal with so many topics they are bound to remain an important part of our lives. ( )
Review
|A| 01. , 02. , 03. ~ 04. ~ 05. ( internal) 06. ~ 07. ~ 08. , 09. 10. 11. , 12. , ,
Answer Keys
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