Process reaction curve method The process reaction curve methods works by generating a process reaction curve (below)

in response to a disturbance. Controller gain, integral time and derivative time can be calculated using this curve. The process reaction curve is identified by performing in an open loop step test of the process and finding model parameters for initial step disturbance P (%). These parameters are as follows lag time ! (min), change in P" in response to step disturbance #$%" (%), reaction rate & (% min'(), lag ratio ) (dimensionless). * typical process reaction curve is generated using the following method Put the controller in manual mode +ait until the process value reaches steady state or as close as possible (stable and not changing) ,ntroduce a small disturbance (step the output of the P,- controller) ' The step must be big enough to see a significant change in the process value. * rule of thumb is the signal to noise ratio should be greater than .. Collect data and plot )epeat making the step in the opposite direction. # / the process gain K =
N = KMV PV MV

L R= T

0tep function analysis is the most common and easiest to implement method of process analysis. 1elow are two open'loop step function analysis techni2ues. These settings are only recommendations for controller settings and should be tested through closed loop methods with fine tuning of parameters to obtain 3-) Zieglar-Nichols open loop rules Controller Type P P, P,Kc
P NL P 5.6 NL P (.8 NL

i ' 7.77! 8.5!

d ' ' 5..!

Cohen Coon open loop rules This method was developed to correct for the slow closed loop response deficiency given by 4ieglar'&ichols rules. This occurs when the process eat time is large relative to the dominate open'loop time constant.

Controller Type P P, P,-

Kc
P R ( + NL 7 P R 5 .6 + NL (8 P R (.77 + NL 9

i '
75 + 7R L 6 + 85 R 78 + ; R L (7 + :R

d ' '
9 L (( + 8 R

// Process reaction curve method// The process reaction curve methods works by generating a process reaction curve (below) in response to a disturbance. Controller gain, integral time and derivative time can be calculated using this curve. The process reaction curve is identified by performing in an open loop step test of the process and finding model parameters for initial step disturbance P (%). These parameters are as follows lag time ! (min), change in P" in response to step disturbance #$%" (%), reaction rate & (% min'(), lag ratio ) (dimensionless). * typical process reaction curve is generated using the following method < Put the controller in manual mode =1)> < +ait until the process value reaches steady state or as close as possible (stable and not changing)=1)> < ,ntroduce a small disturbance (step the output of the P,- controller) ' The step must be big enough to see a significant change in the process value. * rule of thumb is the signal to noise ratio should be greater than ..=1)> < Collect data and plot =1)> < )epeat making the step in the opposite direction.=1)> < # / the process gain ///?pen !oops/// 0tep function analysis is the most common and easiest to implement method of process analysis. 1elow are two open'loop step function analysis techni2ues. These settings are only @@recommendations@@ for controller settings and should be tested through closed loop methods with fine tuning of parameters to obtain 3-) ////4ieglar'&ichols open loop rules //// ////4Cohen ACoon open loop rules //// This method was developed to correct for the slow closed loop response deficiency given by 4ieglar'&ichols rules. This occurs when the process eat time is large relative to the dominate open'loop time constant