Femap Basic - Day 2

Femap Training Basic Course
Femap with Nastran - Basic Day 2 Agenda

Building Geometry in Femap, Import and Modifications

Exercise 6 - Creating Solid Meshing Exercise 7 - Tetrahedral vs. Hexahedral Meshing
Midsurfacing of Geometry

Exercise 8 - Midsurface Modeling Exercise 9 - Interactive Midsurface Meshing
Definitions of Loads and Constraints
Exercise 10 - Bearing Load
FE Assembly Connections
Exercise 11 - Solid Assembly with Linear Contact
Analysis Set Manager and Nastran Solution Sequences

Visualizing and Documenting Results
Exercise 12a,b - PostProcessing with Deformed Contour and XY Plots

UGS Corp. 2006. All rights reserved.
Femap with NX Nastran
1-2
Femap Basic
Importing and Meshing Geometry
2-3
Geometry Import Formats

Direct CAD Interfaces
Solid Edge (.par, .psm, .pwd, .asm)
NX Unigraphics (.prt)
NX I-deas (.idi) Pro/Engineer (.prt, .asm) Catia v4 (.mdl, .exp, .dlv) Catia v5 (.catP*) optional SolidWorks (.sldprt, .sldasm)
Standard CAD Interfaces

Parasolid ACIS
STEP (AP 203 Solid Entities, AP 214 Surfaces)

IGES DXF STL reads .stl files as triangular surface mesh
2-4
Sheet Solids vs. Solids
General considerations
Any parasolid entity that has area and no volume (i.e. a surface,
or stitched body of surfaces) is called Sheet Solid.

Any parasolid entity that has area AND volume is Solid Verify volume with the Tools, Mass Properties, Solid Properties
command.
Sometimes this can cause confusion when stitching, and there is
an unknown sliver. The part looks like a solid and lists out as a solid, but when you look at the messages window it will say "Sheet Solid 1 Created, Solid 1 Passes Body Checking"
2-5
Troublesome Geometry
The challenge of meshing a part will usually arise from a
combination of two factors

The modeling approach of the part The geometry translation interface that was used to bring the
geometry into Femap You usually don't know if you have a problem with your
geometry until you try to mesh it

The Messages window is valuable for troubleshooting the
areas of your geometry the mesher is having trouble with
2-6
Troublesome Geometry
Geometry, Solid, Cleanup command
Is used to "cleanup a solid This command will check the solid
and remove any extraneous features which are not part of the actual solid Geometry, Solid, Explode/Stitch
commands
Sometimes, problems with small
slivers, or edges that don't quite meet each other can be solved by exploding the solid, and re-stitching it with a tolerance wider than the slivers.
2-7
The Process of Solid Meshing

The solid meshing process of Femap is done internally
First involves meshing of
surfaces of the solid with plotonly plate elements

The plate mesh is evaluated,
and if it is a valid surface mesh, Femap then creates tetrahedral elements moving from the outside mesh inward.
The Messages window
documents each step of the meshing process.
2-8
Feedback from Messages Window

The error message:
Boundary Intersection. No edges of the boundary to be meshed may intersect any other boundary edge - usually means that elements are being created on top of each other, or are protruding into each other
This is usually due to a discontinuity or other error in the
geometry that is being meshed
2-9
Boundary Surface from Surfaces on Solid

Geometry Boundary Surface From Surfaces on Solid
Takes the surfaces you select and uses the enclosing outer curves to
form a regular boundary surface The surfaces must be stitched into a solid. This feature works best with surfaces that have small to moderate curvature. Can be used to remove sliver surfaces by selecting surfaces that surround the sliver.
2-10
Edge and Feature Supression

Mesh, Mesh, Control Feature Suppression
Example suppress the hole in the block when meshed.
2-11
Exercise 6 Creating Solid Meshing
1-12
Exercise 7 Tetrahedral vs. Hexahedral Meshing
1-13
Femap Basic
Midsurfacing of Geometry
2-14
Mid-surfacing of Geometry
Mid-surfacing commands allows users
to extract midsurfaces in order to reduce the complexity and increase accuracy of the FE Model
For the part shown:
Solids: 113,512 nodes and 63,875
elements ( > 3 minutes solve time)

Shells: 1725 nodes and 1576 elements
(< 10 seconds solve time)
2-15
Geometry, Midsurface Commands

Geometry, Midsurface, Single in Solid
Creates a single trimmed mid-surface between
two surfaces of a solid.

Geometry, Midsurface, Single
Creates a single sheet surface between two
surfaces that extends beyond extent of both surfaces.
Geometry, Midsurface, Trim to Solid

Trims a surface with a solid and deletes any
part(s) of the surface which lie outside the volume of the solid. Geometry, Midsurface, Trim with Curve
Trims or breaks a surface with a curve
2-16

Geometry, Midsurface, Extend
Extends a surface by using one of a surface's edge curves using Extend
Shape method
2-17

Geometry, Midsurface, Automatic
Automatically generates midplanes, trims them
to solid and cleans up any surfaces that are determined not to be part of the model Mid-surfaces are extracted from parallel faces
Automatically creates a group called Midsurface
2-18

Geometry, Midsurface, Offset Tangent Surfaces
Offset Tangent for use on solids of constant
thickness only
The offset surfaces will be automatically stitched
together and finally you will be asked if you want to delete the original solid. Geometry, Midsurface, Generate, Intersect and
Cleanup
These are the steps in order that the automatic
command follows. Geometry, Midsurface, Assign Meshing Attributes

Prompts you for the material for the selected
surface(s) and then automatically create the properties referencing the original thickness(es) of the solid.
2-19
V10 New Mid-Surfacing Method New Mid-surfacing approach

Start with the command Geometry Midsurface, Offset Tangent Surfaces Pick one face on inside or outside of the sheet metal solid Femap finds the rest

Enter Offset Distance or Measure Offset Distance

Delete orginal solid and
automesh using Property Attributes Only

Automesh using Meshing
Attributes (Triangles)

Automesh using Meshing
Attributes, More Options

Automesh using Meshing Attributes and Interactive Meshing
Exercise 8 Midsurface Modeling
2-26
Exercise 9 Interactive Midsurface Meshing
2-27
Femap Basic
Loads and Constraints
2-28
Body Loads
Body or Global Loads applied to the entire model. Acceleration Translational (gravity) and Rotational Rotational Velocity and Center of Rotations
Thermal Default Temperature
2-29
Structural Loads
Load Type Force Force Per Length Force Per Area Force Per Node Moment Moment Per Length Moment Per Area Moment Per Node Displacement Enforced Rotation Velocity Rotational Velocity Acceleration Rotational Acceleration Distributed Load Pressure Points Curves Surfaces Nodes Elements


2-30
Thermal Loads
Load Type Temperature Element Temperature Heat Flux (Heat Energy /Unit Area) Heat Flux per Length Heat Flux per Node Heat Generation (Heat Energy / Unit Volume) Element Heat Flux Convection Radiation Points Curves Surfaces Nodes Elements
Element Heat Generation
2-31
Fluid Loads
Load Type Static Fluid Pressure Total Fluid Pressure General Scalar Steam Quality Relative Humidity Fluid Height Condition Points Curves Surfaces Nodes Elements
Unknown Condition
Slip Wall Condition Fan Curve Periodic Condition
2-32
Notes on Loads
Nastran Displacement and Enforced Rotation loads require
constraining the loaded object in the direction of the applied load (NX, MSC.Nastran)
e.g. A Displacement Load of x=.10, and y=.10 applied to a point
requires that the corner be constrained in X and Y For NX Nastran Advanced Nonlinear (SOL601), loads should be
applied with a time-based function.

For solvers other than NX Nastran, refer to the Femap Users Guide
for details on the loads supported by Femap for the solver used Also refer to that solvers documentation on how to apply loads.
2-33
Creating Load Sets

Model, Load , Create/Manage Set command creates a new or
activates an existing load set

You may create as many different load cases as necessary
2-34
Creating Load
Model, Load command creates a new load
referring to defined Load Set

To apply any loads the selection of model
entity must be done first

Load can be applied on mesh and/or
geometry
Load type depends on analysis type and
application entity
2-35
Advanced Loading with Functions

Model, Functions uses to create general X vs. Y tables Data Entry can be created
By choosing a single value, using a linear ramp or equation By using Get XY Plot Data function from two column text file
2-36
Bearing Loads
Model, Load on Surface, Bearing Force with Normal To Surface option checked
Bearing Loads
Femap Version 10.1.1
Bearing Loads definitions can have an included angle here bearing load is defined with 120 degree Load Angle
Advanced Loading, Distributed Loads

You can make load equations as a function of nodal or element
centroidal location without having previously created a function

XEL and XND will give the x coordinate of the element's centroid, or
node's location, respectively. The input, !i will cycle through all of the entities you selected in the entity selection box to apply the load on.
2-39
Dynamics Analysis Load Set Options

Provides the solution type and control information for dynamics
The Model, Load, Dynamic Analysis command

Direct Transient Modal Transient Direct Frequency
Modal Frequency
2-40
Nonlinear Analysis Load Set Options

Model, Load, Nonlinear Analysis Static
Creep
Transient
2-41
Heat Transfer Analysis Load Set Options

Model, Load, Heat Transfer
command is used for: Radiation Free Convection Forced Convection

Not required for conduction-
only models.
2-42
Creating Constraint Sets

Model, Constraint, Create/Manage Set command creates a new
or activates an existing constraint set

You may create as many different constraint sets
2-43
Constraints Definition
Constraints specified on model mesh For example Model, Constraint, Nodal specifies six (6) nodal
degrees of freedom
X translation = 1, X rotation = 4 Y translation = 2, Y rotation = 5 X translation = 3, Z rotation = 6
2-44
Constraints Definition
Geometric Constraints - applied
to Geometry and Expanded to model mesh during export into solution

Model, Constraint, On Point Model, Constraint, On Curve Model, Constraint, On
Surface
Standard Types, Advanced
Types, Surface and Cylinder/Hole predefinitions
2-45
Exercise 10 - Bearing Load
2-46
Femap Basic
FE Assembly Connections
2-47
FEM Data Units
Femap is unitless Femap does not track units

But Femap standard material and beam section libraries use in-lbs units Solid geometry defaults to inches on desktop, meters in model file database Parasolid (regardless of product) always stores data in meters Units conversion tool lets user convert units of data in model User must be aware of current units system being used
2-48
FEM Data Units

Femap uses the Parasolid geometry engine to interact with CAD
solid model
In order for Parasolid to guarantee the precision of solids, all entities
must be within a "size box" that is 1000 x 1000 x 1000 centered at the origin In order for parts to be modeled that would fall outside this box, most CAD systems utilize a scale factor As recommended by Parasolid, most parts are stored internally in meters Users expecting to work in a US unit system of inches and
pounds will find that the Parasolid solid itself is 39.37 times smaller inside Parasolid.
2-49
Units Conversion
Tools, Convert Units

Convert all quantities using
conversion of basic units

Convert specific entities with
individual conversion factors

E.g. convert N-mm units in
model to N-m Length: 0.001 m = 1 mm Mass: 1000 kg = 1 tonne Force: 1 N = 1 N

Energy: 0.001 Nm = 1
Nmm
2-50
Solid Geometry Scale Factor

Scaling of geometry is done
internally in Femap so that with default scaling, a part of 1.0 on the desktop will be stored as 0.0254 in the database
Inches on desktop, meters in
database If user wishes to create solid geometry in mm, then set scale factor to 1000
Parasolid: always stored in SI no
matter what unit it is created in

Independent of product (Femap,
UGNX, SOLID EDGE, etc.)

2-51
Solid Geometry Scale Factor
Import parasolid geometry

Stored in SI
Desire to work in mm units in Femap

Solid geometry scale factor = 1000
2-52
What is a FEA Assembly?
In the context of a Finite Element Model, an Assembly should be considered to be any FEM model with more than one element type or property. Examples are: Multi-body solid assembly (same or multiple materials) Beam models with multiple cross-sectional areas Mixed Shell and Solid models Mixed Beam and Shell models
2-53
Finite Element Model Connections
Coincident Node Shell to Solid and Beam to Solid Connections Welded Connections Mesh Connections and Properties
2-54
Coincident Nodes
For model mesh check runTools,
Check, Coincident Nodes command and Merge

For large models, or models
where you anticipate there a large number of coincident nodes, uncheck the List Coincident Entities option Depending on how the model was
set up before meshing (e.g. use of Slice Match, etc.), some meshes will be generated automatically with coincident nodes
2-55
Shell to Solid and Beam to Solid Connections

Shell and Beam Elements have 6 DOFs per node, while Solids
Elements have 3 DOFs per node.

Use RBE3 Rigid Element to transmit rotations between Solids and
Shells and Solids and Beams To create a RBE3, use Interpolation Factor in the Rigid Element dialog box
2-56
Rigid Elements
New Node At Center can be used from Independent section of Define RIGID Element
When used, FEMAP will
automatically create a node at center of all the selected Dependent (or converted Nodes to Average) nodes
Rigid Elements
Convert button for conversion of rigid element to interpolation element and vice versa. When converting from rigid element to interpolation, FEMAP will ask OK to Convert only Translational Degrees of Freedom?
Welded Connections
Femap supports Weld/Fastener Elements
Creates CWELD (NX , NEi, MSC) or CFAST elements for Nastrans
(NX , MSC) only Spot Weld uses an effective length calculation based on the thickness of the two shell elements connected. A fastener element uses a similar type of connection.
2-59
Welded Connections
Femap supports Weld/Fastener Elements Multiple options for generating Weld/Fastener Elements Orientation of Weld is defined by either Projection method or Axis method and may be limited by the type of Weld selected
2-60
Mesh, Connect Menu

Generation of Constraint Equations (MPCs), Rigid and Line
Elements connections between meshes as closest links

Also allows unzipping of coincident nodes
2-61
Connect Menu
Contact Regions, Properties, and Connections are moved to the Connect menu Connect, Automatic command finds the closest matching surfaces between solids and automatically Specify search tolerance and type of contact Model Info window has a Connections object tree
2-62
Connection (Contact) Properties

In the Define Connection
Property dialog box, first select the tab for the solver
For NX Nastran select in
Connect Type for different types of contact behavior like

Contact or
Glue
Always press the Defaults
button when switching Contact Type or manually creating a new Connection Property.
2-63
Connect Menu
Fluid Region command creates individual segments representing incompressible fluid volume regions and is available in Nastrans (NX, MSC) supported solution sequences (SOL 103, 107-112, 129 and 200). Bolt Region command creates individual regions of a single element or multiple elements where you would like to apply a bolt "preload" (NEi, NX, MSC). Rotor Region command creates individual regions of nodes to be used as individual "rotors" in rotor dynamic analysis in NX Nastran. Rotor Dynamics is only supported in supported Nastran Solution Sequences 110 and 111.
2-64
Exercise 11 Solid Assembly with Linear Contact
2-65
Analysis Set Manager
2-66
FEA Solution Setup

Direct access to solver when preinstalled in File, Preferences, Interfaces
2-67
FEA Solution Setup

Start analysis using Model, AnalysisNew then typeTitle and choose Analysis Program and Analysis Type, OK
2-68
FEA Solution Setup

Analyze starts solution of active
Analysis Set
Export creates Nastran input file
like .DAT, .NAS

Active selects Analysis Set for
solution
Preview Input displays input file,
which can be edited, analyzed or exported
2-69
NX Nastran Solution Setup

Direct access from Model, Analysis choose New Analysis Set and NX Nastran as Analysis Program
2-70

Check Analysis Options and Analyze
2-71

Close NX Nastran Monitor after solution
2-72
NEiNastran Solution Setup

Direct access from Model, Analysis choose New Analysis Set and NEiNastran as Solver.
2-73

Check Anaysis Options and Analyze
2-74

Review the input file and Run analysis
2-75

Review NEiNastran Error/Warnings box after analysis regarding errors and warnings and Exit editor
2-76
Visualizing and Documenting Results
2-77
Nodal vs Centroidal Stresses

Output data from analysis programs varies in the
position that it is calculated

Nodes or the centroid of the element
If you select nodal data, e.g., translations, Femap
uses it directly
For results with element centroid data but no corner
data, you can either:

Average the Centroidal values for all the elements connected
to each node (default); or Use the Maximum of the Centroidal values of the connected elements.
2-78
Nodal vs Centroidal Stresses

For results with element centroid data and element
corner data you can either:

Average the values at each node (element corner data) to
determine the data (default), Use the maximum of the values at each node (element corner data) Average the Centroidal values for all the elements connected to each node (ignores the corner data you have); or Use the Maximum of the Centroidal values of the connected elements.
2-79
View Select Command

View Select dialog box
Deformed style Deformed Animation Vector Trace Contour style Contour, Criteria Beam Diagram IsoSurface Section Cut Vector Deformed and Contour Data to select data, e.g., von Mises Stress
2-80
Deformed and Contour Data

Post Data can be accessed with the context-
sensitive menu (right mouse)

Key items to specify: Output Set, Deformation, Contour, Contour Options
2-81
Deformed and Contour Data Transforming Output

Deformation and Contour Output Vectors can
be transformed into different directions or coordinate systems using the Transformation buttons.
Deformation Transformation dialog box allows
you to choose Destination to transform the chosen nodal output vector into and which Active Components will be displayed
2-82
Deformed and Contour Data Transforming Output

Contour Transformation dialog box allows you to
transform output that references global X, Y, Z components into any chosen coordinate system or into the nodal output coordinate system at each node.
2-83
Contour Options
The contour algorithm in Femap will use
either nodal or elemental data to perform the contouring.

Data Conversion options
Average, Use Corner Data (default) Average, without Corner Data
Maximum Value with or w/o Corner Data

Minimum Value with or w/o Corner Data
Element options
Provides the capability to Smart Average
results. Thus accounting for discontinuities in material or geometry and providing a more accurate representation of the results. Can display Double-sided Planar Contours
2-84
Example Nodal Data Conversion

Example
Four elements sharing node N, with corner data
Stress at node N can be calculated

Average with and without Corner Data with: without: with: without: with: without:
N = (W+ X+ Y+ Z)/4 N = (A+ B+ C+ D)/4 max (W, X, Y, Z) max (A, B, C, D)
Maximum Value with and without Corner Data
Minimum Value with and without Corner Data
Node N
min (W, X, Y, Z) min (A, B, C, D)
2-85
Example Nodal Data Conversion
2-86
XY Plots
Use View, Select (F5) command to
generate XY plots
XY vs ID - plots XY data as a function of ID XY vs Set - plots XY data versus the output
set number for an Output Vector across several Output Sets XY vs Set Value - similar to vs Set, except uses Output Set value for X XY vs Position - plots XY data vs the position of nodes or element in an axis direction for an output Vector in on Output Set XY vs Function - (not a postprocessing option) plots XY data for a function
2-87
XY Plots of Functions
Functions can be displayed
quickly by selecting the function to be displayed in the Model Info window and selecting Show from the context-sensitive menu.
Opens a new graphics view
titled XY Show
2-88
Freebody Display
In the View Select dialog box,
choose Deformed and Contour Data, Freebody Display

Plots Freebody information of
the entire body or a selected group of elements.

Must have recovered Grid Point
Force Balance data from analysis, if not only Applied and reaction forces will be available.
Total Summed Loads to check
the model equilibrium

Choose the types of entities to
be viewed
2-89
Loads from a Free body Diagram

Generate a Freebody
diagram
Select the Model, Loads,
Loads from Freebody command Creates nodal loads from the Free body diagram as displayed on the screen in the Active Load Set.
2-90
Animation Commands
Create the animation in the View Select dialog box and select
Animate as the Deformed Style

This will create an animation of the active Deformation Output
Vector in the Deformed and Contour Data Dialog Box
2-91
Animation Options
By selecting the View, Advanced Post, Animation command, you
can control the speed of the animation.
Once the plot is animating, it can be saved as an Avi file using the
File, Picture, Save command and selecting the .avi format.
2-92
Detailed Post Processing Options

Accessed via the View, Options command
(F6 and Ctrl+O hotkeys) Located in the Category, PostProcessing

Long list of options, key ones include
Post Titles
On/off, Location
Deformed Style Scale, Automatic scaling options Contour/Criteria Style, Levels and Legend
Note: Post Processing options are saved along with the View Style in the View Library.
2-93
Post Toolbar
Allows quick display of Deformed and Contour plots Detailed Postprocessing settings accessible from the Post Options
pulldown icon
2-94
Exercise 12a Post-Processing with Deformed Contour Plots
2-95
Exercise 12b Post-Processing with XY Plots
2-96

Femap Basic - Day 2

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Femap Training Basic Course

Femap with Nastran - Basic Day 2 Agenda

Exercise 6 - Creating Solid Meshing Exercise 7 - Tetrahedral vs. Hexahedral Meshing

Exercise 8 - Midsurface Modeling Exercise 9 - Interactive Midsurface Meshing

Definitions of Loads and Constraints

Exercise 10 - Bearing Load

Exercise 11 - Solid Assembly with Linear Contact

Analysis Set Manager and Nastran Solution Sequences

Exercise 12a,b - PostProcessing with Deformed Contour and XY Plots

Femap with NX Nastran

Femap with NX Nastran

UGS Corp. 2006. All rights reserved.

Geometry Import Formats

Standard CAD Interfaces

STEP (AP 203 Solid Entities, AP 214 Surfaces)

Sheet Solids vs. Solids

or stitched body of surfaces) is called Sheet Solid.

Femap with NX Nastran

UGS Corp. 2006. All rights reserved.

combination of two factors

geometry until you try to mesh it

areas of your geometry the mesher is having trouble with

Femap with NX Nastran

UGS Corp. 2006. All rights reserved.

Femap with NX Nastran

UGS Corp. 2006. All rights reserved.

The Process of Solid Meshing

surfaces of the solid with plotonly plate elements

documents each step of the meshing process.

Femap with NX Nastran

UGS Corp. 2006. All rights reserved.

Feedback from Messages Window

geometry that is being meshed

Femap with NX Nastran

UGS Corp. 2006. All rights reserved.

Boundary Surface from Surfaces on Solid

Femap with NX Nastran

UGS Corp. 2006. All rights reserved.

Edge and Feature Supression

Example suppress the hole in the block when meshed.

Femap with NX Nastran

UGS Corp. 2006. All rights reserved.

Exercise 6 Creating Solid Meshing

Exercise 7 Tetrahedral vs. Hexahedral Meshing

Femap with NX Nastran

UGS Corp. 2006. All rights reserved.

elements ( > 3 minutes solve time)

(< 10 seconds solve time)

Femap with NX Nastran

UGS Corp. 2006. All rights reserved.

Geometry, Midsurface Commands

two surfaces of a solid.

surfaces that extends beyond extent of both surfaces.

Geometry, Midsurface, Trim to Solid

Femap with NX Nastran

UGS Corp. 2006. All rights reserved.

Geometry, Midsurface Commands

Femap with NX Nastran

UGS Corp. 2006. All rights reserved.

Geometry, Midsurface Commands

Femap with NX Nastran

UGS Corp. 2006. All rights reserved.

Geometry, Midsurface Commands