Академический Документы
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a$ +olitical ,nalysis
"looks at situation in the context of power and power structures "attempts to identify groups - institutions in society - analyze their political dynamics within social situation "analyzes how political power is structured, distributed, and used in society
b$ .conomic ,nalysis
"analysis social situation within the context of *material$ resources and its allocation "looks at the forces involved in the production, distribution, and utilization of wealth
c$ Cultural ,nalysis
"analyzes how economic, political and other structures are !ustified or explained "analyzes existing social values, norms, beliefs, tradition and the role it plays in social situation "attempts to understand social structure and cultural dynamics between individuals and groups in society
Limitations /ocial analysis, by making use of key concepts and key relationships, can only provide a limited and incomplete understanding of reality. #t has the effect of simplifying social reality by focusing on certain aspects of it at the expense of others. Conse%uently, what results is a biased view of social reality because the framework of analysis determines not only interpretation of data but also the choice of data to be included for analysis. 0oreover, social analysis is not 'value"free( because it proceeds from particular starting points and 'ideological presuppositions(. 1inally, social analysis does not provide a blueprint for action.
This approach has its limitations, however. #ncome measurements do not take into account other ways that families may use to avail of goods and services, e.g. through domestic production and&or access to public education and welfare services provided by government and non"government organizations. #ndividuals & families can have access to goods and services through other ways, like transfers and subsidies.
+overty is a lack of basic needs. 4asic needs may be interpreted in terms of minimum specified %uantities of things [e.g. food, clothing, shelter, water, sanitation] that are necessary to prevent undernourishment, disease, etc. This approach considers the following dimensions of the %uality of life ; Survival ; food and nutrition, health, water and sanitation, clothing Security ; shelter, peace and order&public safety, income and employment Enabling ; basic education and literacy, peoples participation, family care or psychological needs
This approach regards poverty as not only a lack of necessities for material well"being but as the denial of opportunities for living a tolerable life. 1rom this perspective, life may be experienced as prematurely shortened, difficult, painful, or hazardous due to poverty. 4y being deprived of knowledge and means of communication, millions are robbed of dignity, confidence, and self"respect. The indicators of this approach are the following ; Longevity ; the percentage of people expected to die before the age of <6. Knowledge ; the percentage of adults who are illiterate. Standard of Living ; the composite of the following three variables ; percentage of people with access to health services= percentage of people with access to safe water, and= percentage of malnourished children under the age of > years.
+overty is best regarded as lack of the resources re%uired to participate in social activities and en!oy living standards that are customary and widely accepted in society. This approach connects poverty closely with issues of citizenship and social integration and their associated resource re%uirements. The indicators & proxies used are very similar to those of the income deprivation approach