EC2401

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

LTPC3003

UNIT I SERVICES AND TECHNICAL CHALLENGES Types of Services, Requirements for the services, Multipath propagation, Spectrum Limitations, Noise and Interference limited systems, Principles of Cellular networks, Multiple Access Schemes. UNIT II WIRELESS PROPAGATION CHANNELS Propagation Mechanisms (Qualitative treatment), Propagation effects with mobile radio, Channel Classification, Link calculations, Narrowband and Wideband models. UNIT III WIRELESS TRANSCEIVERS Structure of a wireless communication link, Modulation and demodulation Quadrature -Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying, Offset-Quadrature Phase Shift Keying, Binary Frequency Shift Keying, Minimum Shift Keying, Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying, Power spectrum and Error performance in fading channels. UNIT IV SIGNAL PROCESSING IN WIRELESS SYSTEMS Principle of Diversity, Macrodiversity, Microdiversity, Signal Combining Techniques, Transmit diversity, Equalisers- Linear and Decision Feedback equalisers, Review of Channel coding and Speech coding techniques. UNIT V ADVANCED TRANSCEIVER SCHEMES Spread Spectrum Systems- Cellular Code Division Multiple Access Systems- Principle, Power control, Effects of multipath propagation on Code Division Multiple Access, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Principle, Cyclic Prefix, Transceiver implementation, Second Generation(GSM, IS95) and Third Generation Wireless Networks and Standards

TOTAL= 45 PERIODS TEXT BOOKS: 1. Andreas.F. Molisch, Wireless Communications, John Wiley India, 2006. 2. Simon Haykin & Michael Moher, Modern Wireless Communications, Pearson Education, 2007

UNIT II WIRELESS PROPAGATION CHANNELS 10

PROPAGATION MECHANISMS : Free space propagation in other words, one transmit and one receive antenna in free space. a) Free Space Attenuation The closed surface is a sphere of radius d, centered at the transmitter (TX) antenna, and if the TX antenna radiates isotropically, then the power density on the surface is PTX/(4d2). The receiver (RX) antenna has an effective area ARX

Antenna gain

Friis law

The factor (/4d)2 is also known as the free space loss factor

b) Reflection and Transmission When a radio wave propagating in one medium impinges upon another medium having different electrical properties,the wave is partially reflected and partially transmitted. Diffraction Diffraction allowsradio signals to propagate around the curved surface of the earthbeyond the horizon and to propagate behind obstructions. Diffraction by a Single Screen or Wedge Diffraction by Multiple Screens

Reflection and transmission

Scattering by Rough Surfaces

Scattering by a rough surface.

Narrowband models
Modeling of Small-Scale and Large-Scale Fading

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For a narrowband channel, the impulse response is a delta function with a time-varying attenuation h(t, ) = (t)( ) Path Loss Models The OkumuraHata Model

Path loss (in dB) PL = A + B log(d) + C

The MotleyKeenan Model

Path loss (in dB) PL = PL0 + 10n log(d /d0) + Fwall + Ffloor

Wideband Models Tapped Delay Line Models commonly used wideband model is an N-tap Rayleigh-fading model\ simplest stochastic fading channel exhibiting delay dispersion Also called the two-path channel, two delay channel, or two-spike channel.

Models for the Power Delay Profile Power Delay Profile (PDP) can be approximated by a one-sided exponential function:

Models for the Arrival Times of Rays and Clusters To statistically model the arrival times of MPCs, it is assumed that objects that cause reflections in an urban area are located randomly in space, giving rise to a Poisson distribution for excess delays. Two models have been developed to reflect this fact : the K model, and the SalehValenzuela (SV) model.

The SalehValenzuela model