Monographs in Harmonic Analysis 1 nrctin toFrrer Analy om Bache Sas, by BM, Stein mre Woe 1 Sila Intgrals and Difretbity Properties of Pcs y 1, Hamonie Anat: Rea Vrale Methods, Orthognay, and Or lata tay, by EM, Se Harmonie Analysis: Real-Variable Methods, Orthogonality, and Oscillatory Integrals ELIAS M. STEIN ‘with the asistance of Timothy 8. Murphy Princeton University Press Princeton, New Jersey 199onriht @ 1950 by Pinan tet Pe obey: Paton Utety Pt, Wil St, ecto, New fey 0810 nthe Vita Kip: rnin Uniesy Pram, Chih, Wt Se A Rpts Rare tary of Congres Cao Paton Data iamoricnnlie:ra-oiale method, rtogonalty, sont als / ne Mei, ih the ‘Seta of Tmehy 8 Map Pom — (Pritn mathematical en) Indias bere mero de. artic, May Baty SL ie aka re 119 Sire vo “Tito hr br campo in Compe Maen ‘pn tg a ly tl ye Sopra et rere aes oe ara ner ara Prgaton Unie Preto are pd one ape mt the ‘il for pert snd uray of the Comte on Proton ‘iain or Bok Langit ft Coot on trary ats ‘To my students and collaboratorsContents Guior To mee Reaves Provoote 1. Reat-Vanuaste Taon 1 Base amnion 2 Examples 4 Gerng lemma an the main! ft 4 Genwaliston of the CalernZypmnd compton 5 Singular aga 6 Beample of the gota bry 5 Agen Tact og ew Mons Anour Maxnn.Puwerions 1, Nectar mal fection 2 Nonangeinl bir and Caen mares 3. Two appeatons 4 Sau spprociations of the entity ber ete IML Hanoy Sences 1 Maximal haracteriatin of? 2 Nome decmpostion for 2? 4 Singur cera 4. Appendix: Relation with amen fenctons 15 Parr re 1V. ax BMO. 1 Thespace of inion of bounded mesa lation 4 An deneataryappoch and dati weion 4 urter prope of BO 5. An iterplaton tharos » 0 Py % u3 139 wo 11 The sy 2 Two fete charnctrization fy 5: Toe main throm abot 2 Weiged egnltis oe ingle nerals Sibu propa of Ay wee Bathe ee V1. Pseo-DirreneiAL xp Snot IYTEORAL Openatons: Founitk TRaxsrons 1 Peo ferential operators 8 The emboli eats 4 Saga ate alation of psd deren operatne Batt in Soe, aed Lie paces © Appenx: Compound sols 4 Baer eae ‘VIL Pseupo-Dirrraeerat AND SINGULAR EXTEGRAL ‘Openarons: Aton OnmtocoNalty 1. Exotic nd bien symbole 2 Alot orthogonal 2 they of opertrs with Cldein grind eres Aopen {VII Oscaaronr Ierzonats oF He Finer Kind 1. velit tga ofthe et nd, oe varie 2 Opellator stp ofthe ft kind several viable 5. Roar taaforme of acu suppress 4 Reston of the Four rare Farber eats 1%. Osctaron’ Iereonats oF HE SoconD Kino 1. Only iota rtd to the oar tana. 2 Restretion theres nnd Bochner Rus suey 5 Ror toga opertor 1 tnatee {C Rouer ig operatars etimates 5 Appear stream theres uo mesons (Pree ren 1 2 Maxon Oreaarons: Some Exasrus The Bese mt ‘Mama finesons and consterezamples Pardes 14 18 22 a8 ™ 7 a0 Xl. Max Avenaces sx OsctzaTony IsTECRAL 1, Maxi evrages and square anetions 2. Avago ake if ae ype 4 rer ete {IL Iernooucrion 10 tHE HBwenaeRe Grove 1. Geometry he erp tl nd the Haber uP 2 The Canc Sog iy 4. Formal of quantum mec nd the eiabers goup 4. Woy eorspondence and pono diferent apertre {5 Teo cmelatin and ssa ners 0 HP 6 Append: Repesnations othe Hetenbert goap IIL Mone Anowr e Hosexnens Grove 1. The Cauey-Rlsiana complex ad ts toumday ase 2. operators dh aed Cy o the Heber group 5. Homoeeons oups 6 Appentie The Neumann problem, BisuooRariy AvtHon Intex Suneor Inoex rt is 7 sso an eis os‘Sco the pubeton af the previo oak ie thie moce a emety yeas ago! the ret of mene ana harden 8 ‘ast development A racenion of nw departs basin any mae ‘Wane the nde Held Ie Urs with dona! aight, ‘ening sgicanly the range of previous Wo With al ofthis ht ‘ae a fre clrfeaton of he etal uly king sve he ‘min ara of analss ‘What ba bon chewed inca the troadenng ofthe scope of ‘eatvafablo methods vo eocnpas, among oer matters, he thery ‘lary space: the farce sty ofthe Four trom lending to ‘ummabity and retiion theo; the abe of [tho ex ‘Hating tos ofrchognlty ad eller tg te spetion ‘hese es wo tuations where pense properties ree to curv: {ure afl deter ramiBeaon of sae ofthe concep Io {he tort the Heisnbery group. Thess dos ad ha onsen hve nt only had peotound fet cn the domain of Fores ‘er se but ie i hed a jor tence a ac tesa para e etn equations, several complex musi, a aie a yee TEs the objetivo this ook to ry to ev a ccunt ofthe mai lines ofthese developments. Given the swe ofthe subj kink af "hake ae being in vor way ain tothe ling of ag and ‘mpliated sory an ec tal thing oer serra ded, tng vata principal charac that appt abd reappear (eset in ‘Sage form), and flog compe plot wc mero tt ‘ate supa To pure this aio fercer,Teanot deny tha hs tk sin part autobiographies tho naretr of the stay ae. sen tox hoe raters [how bt by vitae of ang hand oowlage of hee unraveling ‘ow words about tho easton of he book. 1 dd into thre pats ntsordane wih besa matter. The ee Be chapters {le upea-rine ther the pet echoes empha > meds Sd coiintry negra the lat to capes ita sua he encoberg group aed as pelea velrapective view of ome of he Tien sn Wi a Bin Hc ce nh bagsposing trial. Te expan I guide yeh ee tay enc "apr, aerial thal! be dio nthe serie ofthe roo ef centalthcem In dig tis The often aot frmblatod the nt seats mal rere nr hove T always chen the ‘ere profs Is hoped, however, he rer wel tially ee ‘he advantage ths prone sy peaare to aaoeter my dep inshtdoesto Tit Murph or lpencabe el ewig thr book He oped me his (Mort abot thee years gp to Ut teeny rudely eo {al bm made From then on, or coneant convtoatons and is ay Tei sugpetion spared wrk snd Belped fn he material ato it present fv, Heal took complete care of he eopy etg (peeing of te mer, mie he etd ot with consume a ak wih o expres my a to thos ers wh he ed = ary Get, Fave ie, Core Sadbeky. aod Chrizpher Sogo ‘aul: yalubl agen ha ve bre ncrporated In the ets alo Mt Phong. Rober Patan, Dvd ero, Ande Benoa Peter Tells, Andi Nat and Der Chee Chan. who repre eta nies tl gente couse {gave ae Prneston Unity ring the pet 1 to 107, oo which parte ofthis oak are bd at ta expen grate wo al my stants and eal eters wen align thee pages Ths book ei ape ease {Rend of heir acer, a M.S Desa 102 Guide to the Reader “The core of the book, which appears in standard type, consis of ‘he then chapters, ecding the appends td con ed “For ther Ramis" Writes tobe seacoast bjt to psn the min ias witout undue adres. Ia don, the owing fete should be ote Appendices re intended as abortions of penny ese ae ‘abject and oe ea wth substan hte rote ‘rther Rat are meant sare the nat smb of etons extensions ud opts toi them ate len preter rear ‘ulations of theorems i the ced Heratre soci leo with ome edition of poo Previous monograph in hisses ae lta rm te ote for ‘nig cazound tae A abe of teen td oe ot ‘ated ints ck, can ao be found there, a wll ares ore ‘Seneca (and poly re tanparns) appease: to some of the ‘mater trad hee. 7 Sean and Wx PAH Sn nh wr, ae Bs be aed gy eProp pateHarmonie Analysis as Vrahle Methots, Orthopmaiy, and Oxelatary IecrleProloge nmetSiormasioe eens {Sree sna! seem spr sg cay Sie Se Teer cy meal ow sch apn a ae emreresery onmrenemanen | LE “ety ea He me mp eeStites tun UigT ope tin, ae prance of Pane ‘scien ey Seco reeee SSeS =e ees iasshamencae eo eens bie fe ste egoten etd atacand Soto tees SS ‘samy (i ting a ras mt ry ‘oo sie meg tha ete, Hee Ce er ‘Siloti whee wharf as en tone cance ‘Stiri ens Wirnar mine rare ctor tno Remse Siler Sieccooeeetese eee ‘Chae ea spline d te oabet poy saSeatac ieee ke ses pe get Fo aa egy SEIT et fo te oe (ee pra ee‘Sire oud th th tenn lh te em (Set x as wr ti geese aiasnimateites ‘Frcke' weal as ta ete ts Spee sce fant 2a Ta eacisaee ete mreeSrimonc a eee wipe) mt Yaa Hae Sinise = aie) a gf eo smite ‘Sic ani pnb ee wy te ce te ne ne Sees Sree tees Bsn“ey i er tn so ie te a Bee Bede Be) Seaton inoteneiaatameaw eR Een nyt Sere oso a ok Saw attra eee Sahel ntact ws en site +0) ‘rao ano dee b= tna 8. o i ne a 9 4 Fh a ae Dealt saa we'e bane Soba age io 4 te pr an = se) -Wln 62 ett ae Sa ee en i) ve 23 di seabemgela- nt et amen Hx)- Lim tet ns Be eh | SCT ante ee ‘ston etetmm thn) ‘Serta Ruansans cto SAS com euioe ares sunt tea AS wea stent on ptt Scion yeas encontynsiesael SES eal teadie) 21 Reames emo 8100 incon {PPie eras ear iar io mayb keting gin 5) 2 eg) See at inborn uranic oot BLS Si a oe sos een nih efi th 0) =a wea Pata es me tt ae To 0 a) oS roo ot money Saat tensa eh Teper wed mi rem te ‘Ei adie tpn eam ea won Sect a oo (Fe. 129e em MU we ton DUTEL kmromye>e, ievonenen2% [sie Hane=1 Po ic oe i ee Mtn a a et ree ae Shlanmapareteneny ete Star Atak Miron ame Sle eae ee iy 8) CHa re Binh. "pce oe) ae nach f sna ° (ota Byron) fh Benne osteo gan Spryaihate natatc cers reassert mite OScgaiisemaiostlias Benak irino>ens Ne a fame-s[ratr- awe pe ee ad pr ere te thine eed Bh et eee than treme rams Seoree eae ‘ii nt op te we aa ae Si pe i a ga zoe Sos E Sat 4 geht et he cts ei muRao- 7 omar en saat Bea ee cae a Parmer aeomot Yair Yay tua sleet tit ey tea Wate i ‘torneo ei eS a hn, SMe Sabie oy tare Seb SSA a te aSW mepsteeneteom eg tei een a =e Seem receeaenciee at a see SNe omens evneannateatn eh tener am 2 Hg mnaiayoates on soe my Vie! De ra fin Jfme sk amok of a lease fra (Eas npr (sient sont nt fst on co panes fae ett yt ce to SS eee oes rake RcQcmm wm Yank o bce ha ay ie i a ot Ea ab fine Sinem Site epi [Kanne ® ent s # ea ‘fnaiie matrers SEgt ees Toya 2d Kepete)s A, str 0, 0) CES omer Seaimeed at en A oy Irfetr00 wn cpc4 seta em oe ott aeen) # fue « rye cal, arent we Eig i i pate estat» emote ster) «fue, ATRL NS PTS foton | ter [ate YR hm ag BPS esta > ra sean sa ent es en EERE eee Ft ma ay lt tmnt alia oer at eet eS Sek ee 7 [ipiearnastiainsa trem 09 malate rat le re tebe iy lag (wenn: [sn en a= fate) -xtaermr 4, spf) on 9 a ete 9 0 Se inoac ae Longtonin sf onasn lene comyoeuae) fine ure soar cera findeSEs men mee micurcpeetitirnps senna aoa tien teenth MR rcp Seneca ghT od a a oem epitome el bese te ‘hot n'a ay) ea ‘econ 7 ost an Wee sealef Ds Sp. min emu i) Sons Jasattiesaf ne ihe ee ict epi eb Loptoreran ‘trypan ww nl Coy eh TE a es aocernonalsa(ef ineses une). ‘arta nme te Foicanant a)" wom el fre ens CATTLE Ro cantare wen ark Porter sony [oe opi»ohonn Seu 4: fren rani, ve eta SMe encom See chest eres Seiya Bali =f benepene coause ep maint nd nt fd TS tw hoa at pre Fk Heimann, snot eee te Det tin eb (Goh Gene sees seoneeranciee Ben fa) Ut heh tt F-ER dees wearer SSL te Ene) i cme eh nc wears smi tg 2 Serre tee Soe Moogtecm-nieies, am ey nel cawem teats Wena) 0" teem m4 [nie (OUI e Di 1

bine MAC) 21/8 fa} £9 we tha (R)@) > te Eo) = 0 ery oe ‘te boand 4 appearing in (3) the ore ppb. Fo fre “Gkcassion ad utters for bout fanon With compact ppt 95:2 bln (G8) White the vin” cae p= 2 ule, ad ao canst be ue roving tho inequities for Ho artigo now preset suation « 1.2 Weak-type inequality. In thie section, we prove the weak ‘ype ineganty (2) We wil an vars tha Cadet Zeman de ‘ermption (4 of Chape 1) Heres porta to tt tha he Tie atin ino he enge mn hecompotion ea fection a ake es vals a 8 Banach soe TE lcs to prove (2) when i acne in the sense that {a} 2 for lj and Foray fed o> 0, the alernetioned traction gs ws collotion (Q.) of digoit “cab? 0 that ifia's 200 U9, ad aljitotees sn sane Now take f= 944 where = fon LJQh a b= fon Us Thue u(y} © mio, 76} and fl? = 0 [Ut Combining this wih (3) ere We> oh = Wait < Ais. ° Since Wf < Mo + watice to prove Ut Autores vem» asd a Wie prove (6) by Soocing i rom a singer vais, to wit, the one aed by replacing theft (2pore on tees Qa) by ts verge vue on each cube Thar we a 2) = sl fe, 3)a9 I 2 €Qhy and (2) = O11 2 € UO Now (2) IQs" fa, Ua dy as ts Ak s ann $e ve oe (th ly ty on ee Me) 0} ALuemae [iorerwoaess [ woammutas 100, © Sh A dA nde of eds! CS Ses aly ep ahs ny wh fg eae fo‘ur popston es guration of the Doane of the clase mama operate [whieh arspas ere othe ce =I). ‘Athen ts saeco ne alloy fe the hata conser, the prot mary seatiel “Pro. tually (0) aye Chat f+ MY le bounded from {9((Ma) de) to Lede) By the Marciniewceterplation here, {@)Seacomequor fh ti ft that Bix tounded on £= tog ‘7 the weak ype noua (8) to which we now a, “The proof (8) reprise fhe argue en fr conan (0) There I inthe ft chpter Lt Ey = (z= MIf(2) > 9), and St FE be any compoct sub of By For ach x € By thre a bal By cutee awa iwi fone A Une tr hale tn nro and re ite a orem’ Tess [vince on Int, [ete Avani) boomy 6B Dee Ba fees Mea te Btn aloe sey cn Noha sat a i LGUs att BB Bee Scie Figure 1. Situation in the proof ofthe proposition. |. VBCrOR-VALUBD Manisa PUNCrIONS s we integrate the above ove € By dete ft hat tsa fini ‘at (10) Having stad thi, we cn then vam oth es of (10) fe sng the dss af he By, oa sin s4 fueron, ‘hc plc (8) cert te al fe ron we an ow ey Bh tbe rat Returning to the cae when f= {5} etx ve we eal tha a) = Use) PH and fle) = OSIM (CP) Thea by fouryrossa furan sd cumming oj gis ws [Oped f ipecarayae ay Spon now tht 2< p< 2a dt tegen de topft (na cy Sec) ae enema of pee wie she de IME EP = 9) he ‘eb cd arly Ui Hols UIE eete st, in vw of he mas! eae in Chapter 1, There Wr,

1 The ltepaity of {2 fs ean the 8 he co 0), Neca ee ‘Sr (i) eo oo cas.2.The main theorem. A mention the bepanng of $2, ‘nom fe ours fom the reste at at Paco Fed Go Rye are fe 8 pray fmm mien fa TE ers a ener F, we die a above te nstangratial maximal inton F by ‘ing cont of apreure that ome IRBO wheres) = (0) =a a) i aun open. In parila, Pi always mesure (3) IC F*(2) =0 fr almot every = (eae generally, or a dense sco) thon F vases nly on R=" (1) Instead of che comes with uni aperture sd the dein fF", could hve td ay fed peste yal dee Fle) = p(1F.0 sy 21 0) 110), wba 0. (=: F(e)>a) 20) ‘The moondcbrration na lms: Ive asune tht da pele tad ile © Itech [ot fr bale fe Ite, Wha (8) 1 fr al ‘tes WTO) 0) 410) Std ‘guano wine el [i.tesnaten se freee, 2.3.4 We nent ey (20) (54) auch eat [Fa >a, thn foray € Bld) ene hae Py) > 0. Thus B= Ble. 0) CO, ad hci 0 e118) e710) 129.8 The wean obeartin (2) boas in the oneaimensonal cue inde wing O athe dat non (JZ of its maxinal open ‘laters swe bae that 7(0) ~ UTC). These decsapon oe dows wo work iy he hghe-inetnal ce, and to prove (21) Te eared io i the Whitney decaapetion sallow ws ese Ouran of ues Qy with dant Qa) > erdat(Qy“O) Ttws that Hc Qe s(Qy) 2 ast“). Now for ech exe Quy let By denote te ball withthe sno ctr ts Qu with dB) = oy ian(Qy: Wl be ehowen Co be ouch ara hn ey, We ea thas roycYrew ” ose (et) 710th Oat 8) wrtiy= [., scwenh, wee ‘en UE By at ee i>) srt) Integrating this noua i a peodoos the sod conchson ofthe ‘eon, 2.4 The theorem imple the fllorngcorallay Comoutan. Assume that da «fed porte mena nC. Let Fos RE te ruch ha FC LPR") for some p,0 me ‘hve the tno ineton cited wth cove of wpe en by Fie) ep yt Wocmin at a Her Fz(0)> ali Seale Fie}> 9}, oratla>0. 8) Mees = ea()" whee cy depen ely eth dineson Ieoting (25) wi rapes tee rouse, (On can establish an aera of the ye (25) bya pn denty amen, nl hes me ts qanttatve version hat ea be Form {aed flo Suppose le clo et and «Has parameter, icy cf Wobay tht pitt Ras goal dem wih espet tot i |AM BIB > 5 fr all bale B ctred ot Lat A” be the oi of bal diy of Athen A" cloned, AMC A, and mest Important, rte) bat sell Aad OF = "4, then OF = (2: Moyle) 1-2), sd the setifis om the asia heres (Thee 1() in ager wth = / Returning to (25), welt O = (2: F(a) > a} and can that fe: Rot) =a) b contin inthe cmp ofthat of ptt of [eal deni ofA = 0, provided we ake aul eee to {nd suppor £2) > fra geen Them there ext (2,0) wth Bln) fal = at Now Blas) <0, three O98 > Be, >a) where Bs tl of aan 2 Beater at. Ts Manley ay Ia act, 0 aod ¢§ Ay > 1 [/la +) Torre fe: FE) > 0) “A and (25) proved! Tae tn un ew rp ni de ptr (2. NONTANCENTIAL SHAVIOR AND CARLESOW MEASURES 68 £5 Nt mgr pec lation hy eo ge eit ty Slits Tee Teena sea Sibel rir tee Ke" meta aycnnenmaiyalie Pe Vanessa ISR Sle won 2 op "git woe score i ay tac porn o Curt meant mene ce Lashes EPS as eo re RE pio ft Ta ly ent ts Fame copie at a ts ager oy oy ‘he (20 extends to Hoxie aes una on Ne nd come sg btn na fant Naan th en se oe, Fiat we dal ef Ne ‘ed, (6) extends to a py he nett of Te te 2 pnd the dition of Mh ako ho sacs ‘Sent. en be vt hcl on Ne see ee otis fntin ith congo pert Aye Ri ere ‘ttn hem, teats Ba mee that Sea ‘by (28); also we have “eet fou Perdaeo sof mere fant Fn ome oe Ft) 2}; thas OF isan open set (0) i the teat per OF then eey «20! > Or Se 5 08} 9 TIO) 3 abo, 710!) conan the mpport of Pin RY! (ee Figure). LTO), trot) igure 2, Nested tents. ‘Ac we have sen in th prot of Theorem 2 2.1 and (22), ‘em be decomporsd na dsp won of eas Qf, with eoresponding Tale 2 3s ha 110) LJ M10 58) = TT STO en he = at) TU Wo apprcanONs « AL = TURAL x Geol A OHNO), {vcs rom (20 tht upc Land te Sf re my ipa ot = Fg demty P= Now se FE om ale TO" Fly ity lowe tat P= 3A an amie deompeton (chat (27) and (28 ar iso), ease ENA EY iat see =eLH 0 Selle =AFle sd he proto Tote 3 ope 5. Teo plications In the previo ston we explored the proprio fet fo ich ne i utable montane cote We sale ened ase by eft, prado soon, that thi dy de fo ep ‘tg cielo about groper of approaches tt ar either Wier oe sro th he lar ne in he fist rubeton, me retro one ofthe basic polos of ‘alate tery, rey the Serio erage of ftee Te tala protic we sll dl with become the erage By fre-ome Buenos een $41 Difrenttion wth respect genera aly of bal Lat 8 (8) ny ca ols eRe Meant sete, orale ra audit, og f,@- vide 00, mywhere B ange ons the fy B. I partic, at tre inthe [oper ftir coesooing masa nce haste fuenvie a ‘Te question a o whither (0) ble oll fan UP space ic toy coated with tb behav th anal Fein (31) on hi ‘Goce (oe Chapa 63.1 and Caper 10, 2). Tho thar ofthe al nel eperatr Af responds the cae where B Ish collection (Fal al one the eri, ceo sgh pean, in whith {helene of the al ae allowed tobe dled frm Hein by 9 lance compen to ir hmetne We now eoocor ore: with {he aty of gemral 8 wow tumors may be very la ea the fin nmared to hr dimes Tetum on tht brie of A cll elt to hat of fg ue B the fly tl ath of whet conta sone member 0B, Un B= {D: B> By fr some By cB). B ical Ue completion (FB, We aa cmd the mt Bye) =H eB: rast =. @ "The man rs hen lows ‘THoOREN 4, (0) If here is 41 < py < 50 40 Oat Mofloe AUP for al J EY hen IR ser, ford.0. (8) (0) Comer, supose (8) ld. Then Me 6 of wntspe (1,1) nd loel all EAE) 1p tert (8) gle ob owing Tee xt tha ate alsin B fat neg alin Fe ao fatter e etn pesdlag we poe we oe 0S ne 1) det te nr fh ate th pea ilies gen yo 4A em) = 0 mre BOW tn a can treean B= Cijoeten petite tn (oF ME) The pete oh “ern tory non MO) Set urn ws te contin ay aor suai scan uc sais mere cn fe ita swf stented “epitaph he oon Seti) ens) Sey rt ed ae = 2 SES ta Bea A erm in 510 sae ‘Two aPruicaTions o Ae ensieration of thee exp the loving amplicaton of cour chest may brome ca, We a ear (3) lao (Dike eae of aod N vo tha Bf) bea tN conned em ‘anna acho date ently Taker <-Then Bt) © BO) End enc compooes of Br) contain in som component of BU) Now tech of or components shrink to pol at FO (i), {hon atatement (0) a cay coseguace of the wal mana then ‘Rm Conquest pt (8) a the here gives mometing new ony ‘en (ely fen) components nih and ets "Went a Tied vr (sl (U, 11 We turn to the prot of Theorem 4 nd get of the cet of eon (3) Hee the argent eet sade ‘eg ty showing that ifthe ieqelty TMe/lps Alp, bolls or ‘Syn yo th nie meaty te Be eld Ty ee this lt ma ~ BI, wha Xp se carat fae tio f the ball B. The I B ater tl 0 that BB, an ‘dente te al fader ene tte eg, we hve Ming ome > 2 mg, wher radio). (94) Indy al rrr ete a Ba Ba may, ¢M0(0) = lt = 8 tie Bmp vans, 2 (04) al. Now cava both side of (3) with |), ting range ve 8, B range over 8 Ther i olf) < 20a). here th standard masa opera, ad hoor by Teor in Chapter 1, gt Melly $AIMaf ay < AL 9) remaleh for z¢ B. sein ety te cnin td win ~ Nh el ete ead we ar 4) te Mati) 2 1) ©» Po 9 ton) ea Bh 2s eres a Hafer2 wf Xmen Seo a oe I= rig a= bea sete net nie) erie21.2 To prov the scency ofthe conn (3), we bein by sesalting tothe cltetion of bal B accrespnding at °C RS" By ‘lento, ) © 8° Bt) € By tha way the pit (x0) RE" prvi het in Rf eter an radi With thi denon, te th (4) € 8% thn (pt t+) © 8" wbeneee [eh EE oe op ht a a at es We shall now sme, we my tat = Bin te poo ofthe sufhclency of (3). French Feed on RS, we hae ota ‘Sei sina fnson (2) = sp (=~ 8 We a cree the maximal function corresponding the wir approssh sein BY aay F902) mp, Pe wc cn pr ie i it [prtomsef rine 1 fact if we ame that tho ght eof (87) se, then F € ‘a oe sy apply the sonic: decpostion gen by Theorem 3.80 IReutio t seny (37 when F isa atm Afr rant, ne a ‘une that Fs supptd in TB}, where i he bal of oda F Now F< |B. Next (2) #0 then there (0 with nd Hitt per“ ity mart arnt Wrvted=Gnem ri other words that 2 © BU) (6 Flgwre 4). Ths we have shown ‘hae Fy spore eB) * oye? y Figure 4. The proot of (37). §8.7Wo aPpuicerions © ‘hee, fn Fe) 5 1 fy 6 (7) te sion oo i Slap. Tn) mettle reat of i [ersorecef (ares, viewer dre, (8) cn yng PP thu ty ov eo Sen les F0)>alicales e)>a)h header 0) 1a fn (37) wo med oly replace F by the charset fneon of thetet where [FT > wd (9) ota "We ow rote to the mama operator fp For any f 12(R*) wee reno fin Now fr ay (44), webs emney=isonr [leh ns 50)~ pp Ren = perf e—wie= mat) ‘Alo ote hat #2) $2") 50 Ue rsa the standard as smal operat, ter wth (8) sd (30), stow tat Hes Masta)» op 2 [i tested b w [vans [our samme et whee Bad oundeles ‘the mana operator ge (fr lp > Ise Sorte mate of ‘nearby poetponed ttl now "The quate sled to above ats to the mesa of peesolFte Ft) ‘The situation i allows, Since wo took F tobe Bore measurable {hom nt that Pt Labngu nara in tough ot bcemaiy ‘Borel measurable), Further details ae in $5.8 below, 4 sincotaR APPROXIMATIONS OF THE IDRKTITY Th 4: Singular epprosimations of the identity We retara othe study of pprxinatios of be ety began 24 ale, Starting with 8 Sed trae with J = ad taking Sen tobe/t, we again ae kn what on def —= fat == ‘This bomnetn mith the bbavo fh asl opera fy dtd w Most sme, Fe. “9 Set] ears may help lari tho sos we want to eres (0) Wie aly the asumption hat iat, we ean conde at fej fia 17, whenoee JEL? 1 pe oe Howe Ig feoue) saa fal wo ext for almost every, amt Me may by nite almost frerywhee when / 6 1% for any p20 (ne (2:18 belo). Un fact, lethe LI theory of yt tld He oeceay that ma (2) Bo Intapaieon the ani sere (0, When “ep tht dora at slit fom, rate iat, then bythe aration in 21, me he lg ©, Gi) Howe thet te laerstingstustions occuring in practice ‘hut eanao be covered (), besa the in qton a nga” (Ges a) deren etnn rect A singe sample of th ance In wit @yoz9)= 9 ACL) NL 2) hic corespeads to ‘he Potente” or Dehra eto the prota mo hatlane: hr the dictions slang the corns aso ar th tase ‘npr. Tina ery spc eae eer ata oouting eagle, ‘ch w Pome ing for mete sce (Po ore dea abet ‘he a0 5.17 and $518) In vw ofthe abor, we ned a further condon on # bes ‘uta. What sgt by these erie, ad pte ‘pls fr, ee ws we sal mae: For euch = O(a) dooming inn, O< rea (5) Prorostrion 1. Suppose ® nonnepti, ital, ond sai ‘ex (48). Tn Me bounded rom EAR) to al ork So "hr can bpd me mal ic in Cage 1, ‘expt cn lt ac2 Mons azour max FUNCTIONS Tes ot kage whether the weak-type elt hols inthis ene ‘ty Homoner we tong hentai esate on & foe Diartpe condo) then ee ean btn the deed un sho fecal that pote fines 9 dened om 1) ri of contenuy om $08 in Chapter) i40) 0, [omen mcoiee sn ® Shr at conc prt re ry a i for sme Dink moe. Then My of weak tp (1,1) An inmacte olay of thee propton wll ip eucidte their thet Let (2) ee pt fanetion of tat depends ‘omy om he diesen afk fre) = tz), F> 0. Deine (tone) ee= sya (Mp ieee tht Me dined bons when (=) = Oe) ‘The dictions in whch fe elaiely lage ae he sngular roto cearrdet M Conca (8) I 1, then oi and from Lt sel 0 staf oD cdi te wk For amore ron rol in thi detion 0 8.19 blow. 4.1 Hee we bl prove Propo ty the thedo rtations” ‘whieh rfacer mater othe on-diensaal thers? For any aie vector € Re, |= 1 we denote by MUOY the sane acd inal non In hin deneengh fi ueeia uss Chgr at Sale asap 8 SINGULAR APPROXIMATIONS OP THE IDENTITY 73 Noto hae fh erey igi" thw ‘oti te oto en ten 2) heii th tint ApS) ua pnvmy fe Ml Hy The eae pen shoe tt ‘th ont bot pam Str uly Me $1.31) he he (tent pei tan = Oty) > "Tee a th wing atte coin fr which ows et a the shove tanta fy mops The neg 2 Oe lawn f= {fh compat spat anf then 0" Integrio ery capac mt eth rant Chair 1.9,sete dia the dtance af fn “0. Tes the Macnee tere fla Ho fet compa oof) when f=) = and (0) a Wy ‘heumpontn of a 6. Fetar a Stati Toe Markee Ista ong hiro eZ 5, Cale al 2 ‘on, Cus 90), pgm ‘Therrtsamlopm Toe br wt agli, iy esate then in 2f Chg Spe KR} wh i= SA Topple siohare my in we die 7) = (15)}= fH, he me ae II erm < Anal ler 11 cpg. lon fm Sb of Chapter Ian fr p= ly a tap Ste Gute Cua a Rd Ferns aerate ‘Sprott in G15 of Cap tlw, Th ease man the Ky SUT te td i Chaps 50). {55 The wih masini (2) rsh a fhe ay of theimore geal eon [oooreiosesa {werent Larhrainnanomers ‘Siu pate nor ih the abe neu bo Sco, mt [Sate re The coarse, pect mo [soon masa eran “ footer site coe Se Ratio de rn), Yong 199, Catan C Cabdrs85 rem mesuLns ” The apace Wand Carlton meanurs 5 Lt 1b he one in. of econo etn thom. ppt a Re ere th gay theta PEW th) ‘Sem ot RE oan ts rests Pol ge [Pose ‘eee te eet en Sener Cetera Seaaieedeee tions haat ee See chime pm mim res tengicmmeneig aD ete feats nie = Fe) sO are bw ty FH whe See Pie atl ceastanese SoiBe PY a) de 0, Therefore FF in {7 That “toy” betwen Mand te Chas mre body ‘esting etn to acne ow in err theta empath ay ty) Tora 2 a neem. Conver om my sr ee, Seti Com a Ng tec Me oe 8) wha ssa oon RG Then Nd ae ‘Se al sce (my Et 2.5), hw p= Soar arts sow tht the ity of Wand BM i Chae) sn {0 be atamse mpetonoB inen Chapt 58 Surge Pl) enon RG and Fs) ap [Fe (Ne (eG) > 0} te ot 9h (9) IFie.0)l > 0}. " feo (0) 15 CRO" be Labeagtaie, ten (8) C RY eet el Leinntaie, {0011 ROM Boe then (Ee ty» Belt an! xe) (2) Mowe i Brel st Bhan) So any) ia and hee Lab eat, ‘Seaton lance Fete eve tant el acon or nd) a Har a at 50,7% 1h qone apous wx FUNCTIONS 19 Let du bea sone ener oe Ro tha M71) S07, fr me 72 0 (fqiteoraten)” sarticte ren. (oltre) sar nansamccr ccm (HERE) +9) ean 24 hn wearanea)” stow Me Coxon () Daten 0. To prove (oe we the ste epost (2) al) the fallow ©. Apptetions 1 Atha gl che tn pe gif tenn ree Je the trv gh 2° peed by 98°F, 92 hi aH, ‘Thom na wep (11) ound ha Oe) ay ali Proud of ie ot, ep > Toner Meal yf ott eae, me 6 Wee~ de the he eyp bo fy) a and het 1 oan oe Telia, acter pot fr the stint nM? cas be bed ‘rom the spent hy eh tha [rps o0e 3 pa ean enema ane Se mae ote aca Sanne $s. FURTHER RESUS ~ abl Wt sin B08. fe spi a 0 = at oe ne yg A ftv pe eee ee eres Temes [7 vem ‘hn ectmpiia RY een te et p< 525 ten cd tin, tea f 2 Oa a) = ma an (gfe) 2 °° when <2 1. Nae ak Muay < eM)" rp 52 othe wal hor tow hat Mog ee ete 9 Ae i's wt eee he 2 Yona 12 An asian of $5.1 dae wh he angi opin” {+84 ie J tl tothe Sel ep! The mesh a lon. Tan fe Lean it he cnn Re wh ees A004 a Tem with Pet) =F 2) at Pte) ap IF Ve *larn at Ke) = K() Ny) the aca bra ‘Tom nore «a hound Sato, we he p22 Liem torte st tt a ee ice atotetien ete iments a accel eee ‘autre alpen tenth, ty 738 Chap ap foe) oe {5:14 The een ad of ths tpn wth te change hegre eon ting te a Chap 1 oe hi page SESSA yt (te) le an we tad une Iranian ee eee een enna nse era ven oo RY! tents are died ty With he tng, he ee of hr ncn to le front rare ely sin titer Sterne se ppd ite as 18 Let (00) bea umes offs at sti the yp 52 vty i maa, [ten -eoresain da w(ayde < Wf, 6 rote mesuers a (0) The mana operator Sevapls e401 ie ot waking (1) and hme on 1? 11

0, at be df oo Ry == h rte t, (2) = Orel > 1. Then sites he rented hp its 0) oe Heme, esc Sin fee ete a mpl styiei—m fare Ted 6 << ) = $f) = 0 ISS Tn cron we ye) =a wag ome i ht ny ed Gaga9 Spa Pa Jaren Sr 2 Ti) = PN ii ht 4235 Fesmp roto eof wk epe (1) and ie ound LTR), 1 < p <2, on ES Rest Wincniag wer heh cSt eae lyon, 2%) = PAP see etn cm Wh a) i at [iveioieece at f eatnitcces setae 2 omd eeeen at [iv reiacce emo ee) mcely sal By compen aes 0 = the si Soyo n 2, with ges rams >. renin hp San (7 108, {a8 ‘The ol ed a $8.17 sept the by Won poving srs” mere tpt With {aod 17min neti, Pitan nels nora Ranalan aye pce “The smo camp to Stier er abs demi oe ce "Te par nee (i) The cone (ER 95> Ol} the ake ain compote oan do of RH fe) = f+ (6) The dena cone (y Roan > E+ aI fadadtel at rads at hear (6 runrien ness s i) Wen he a tegem with n= 1/2, ca er its © tp smatic mm sas and the cna en pete matt In th ce 442) =date +) ‘tw geal rel egies fonetion of 17 a wi RY (with itp ae) rece bmoemone gre me Cater, SEINE Rete tae a Sti ou The example ecb one ‘cng tasted diet meted se Marien Zin) Tel Son and NW [0 Foe taco tec ean ele (ir unin Chop St Power Ans). ‘etme ea tng ymin ue Ker 2 aned=nge [tenia rer sone ft tht is moana of ee 0 Whee 2 Satta Dep > Dow er tew cess ta rede (a) Th cnc il de 0, coir toe one it rote Sat fate py nh sea a as Toil ae 8 8 ae on bl ae Shinde vot at alt etat aye nC and Rad rin OA ean ‘Siw thn fi jpn an Da oon then leg © LS The ‘eto nna ye lo whee Na wah (1) Dt en ary $.20 The pod hy” o wi ie mal prune sa Ing de ee oe say aia pat une ep feo(0) (4 0) = (97) eh andar ina anton nthe Act yh yen lee Ra ST Mol Mi (MID Imac SABMivmey 19s (0) Pee 0 1 ery for Me (hen n 22a Chapter 10,23, (6) The atte re fo LF with pan ca be ate tro tte cde en pre aly oe a hen tg ia | Yee-vddv= se) Conca) an) gp bck oJ, Maes, ant 2pm ua Neate aston tan (0) ai aL) Pater dese ‘130 (eld gy thee) ce al a Chapter 1,23 {21 The tandard masa operate of Chapter coy cone ent ea a aa egg ote) weit reagan n tht al eshte paulo the us The thee ae bee (8) 3 WGml=siUeh [ro San) arse. Se Ci aR eer 5) ghz A btecinca RY ered = Gh) 2) PRO Me oe ay a nly ith Cat nd $21 oe prt Shanon cam n't he ape f= piesa 5 rommun nesvuts cy (0) One ote int at von afte oh sod ha oe nn a ante oo et 0) 0 ea (0 at i ete rh 1 tt 1 ptr ee [10e-0)-woiees ant, seme en ea smn tego fe 18 may ab od Rr mented rae me Nagel ad ‘Wane (977, Duane 188), Carey aod So 8) (6) Aut eit condition on eh (2) = [Pwr P lett pots po an sa hat [ureee snap nt te in Soa eee [.29_Pothe yet they of ingle inter oo ston ost 5 erin ol Sn 18), Sour LO), eer sd (957), Pr} a wa mth recs)The ctrl mia haem ca be on Cee sd Sc acre at ls SO $2. The dfnition of Cah mesa hint (2) bak ‘to Caro Ib The tent spas ud son sepa earn esa Se, te ay ren 3 Th ora ers of the macaw bia ola ‘At ead ters “apron eg in Nag a Sn 0) ‘acme 8 mee acl Cutan, Mrs Sth Sy. The mas hee a Popa anemia ‘on ef ena ad Wa The reig pong Propton eins ‘th 25 [ew ha nebo eve oe re coats Hardy Spaces ‘The stay of Hardy spc, wich rginaed daring be 19108 ad saan inthe esting of Fourier ers abd comple aa in on var tie, bs over sine ben transformed it chad malate tory, ‘eving ase nse lto rch topice ar msinal antions, gular [eg and 1 spc lee we wae" epbaiefar pct of his 1, tension of I. To put the matter spy bt somewhat Sm ily the slament f Hare (epee) debs for which a Shovomiatenvaning ean be get tr pinwin las lat ev ‘tore aed hain sly reed sone, beng to ZR"). When 33 Ie the stad dein of HP mah equa to Z, bat when 5 = tytn mcs are sch eter uted to bot of qutions In armel than ate the JP spe 2, Beis of dfitins The main rt of what proved in is chptr i tht Vrey Aitiner apponces ed iri ‘eSstiony al lend fo the sane ton Of Aone he are: the evn mesinldoftioa, wich he spit tbat dt 0 J logget HP forme @ 8 with [© =, the maxima action (6.112) = pls +9101 sn 17; the atom docmpaition, which aows ope to express I Alstebtione sr te of ery sample consti (cert ich smear obvi In HP) a fh fc that, boa spentng. ‘iso hat pt of 12a sable ne te ston of gue integrate 3. Naar of HP. ts content wi he cae > 1, the qution a to whether a dstibatonf belongs to HP, py oot oly a ater ‘Etna ff ats ils some dete cane oper: ‘Thasin the mana! defen pve above, Ue operator Mo cannot be ‘epacl by the sandrd asia operator AI (appearing i chapters {and 2), esas the ater oy the abit tale of fot (an @ be replced ty faction that no met moat Te ‘Soliton proper alo enter (ina very Sct way) the deton «s im Hany spaces of om given belo: thew ebtete tat e egble r the ‘eduous nature sme othe arguments nth cer, et the ond forthe patter are the hea ad fa sching aero that Oot ‘able o prove 4. Applic. Among the necrsary propatins that dternine whet dstibuton belongs ose Hare tht be "xd ‘tay wok (aterage) sme, nd that be at wort singular of te ‘rer na appropeste pnts ese. the conver den he et ths large came of oral ecto appearing in diese arts ‘faa ar al) egal oH drbations, np of this oe ‘Snqlvisroprseied by meromorphic fincas wit det ‘ots cared on smooth een and he Lagrangian estos thar occur inthe thor of Four Sgr! oper Th nero ‘aay be fund In 5.185520. ‘Twomoreremaks abot 1 toy sy be a er After sini hovering tthe pting of one cmp rari, the roses of sion Fb (i the 180) ton exten of he hy {he tal ses ea place om monic and shart faci ‘ste that the stab ser singular eras (Theo 4) as rove ints is form. However the ot of ew tht deeper {ich we op re) doe ct depend in eal wy 08 alae ot harmone fctie Kr more Ase appr alms feel ‘her generations Foal, we pinto the oly space p< I, that ab Banach ‘acoamay leap ie and ch pope orn ma of he jet ater tata inthe mn chaps 1 Masinat characterisation of 1? A we sad above tour intention to dine 1" a sce of teins om Rn sch away a to 0 nara rca (etalon fhe ope? when p= Wels le ee ome hau tempered dstrons on Re 1Ove agin with the space of lsting factions: at of ln that ave nfntly dferetible an toeter with al hr leave, at pily dcrening (ean bounded when med TT Reconoct fk yaa tg of rege rr A ones te pa pn 7m pe ty nitrry polyamine). On Sone has a deameraeeallection of esas Tea eet Wl = sp "226 oe OR ae (a= (oy) and = By) ae metals of tural umber, ‘Ranperad irbson lina fonctioaa om that akin ‘copoly on inde by ths fay of enorme, Wesbal er to emptet Srtns ip ae dtrabtion the fl et bons (jth the wen topology denoted by 5 ‘Whence dutta ad €S he convo f+ e-dlnd C™ facson (pombly sly inereing 2): OF eee, heme thing ee for JB, where (2) = "85/0 «> 0 Pa “The aes (ith 5) wlseve base appreimate eat ti nur carsctrcaton oH Howrey, th fndaental conection ‘rh harmon finetioes les elo onside aso J+ Fy where Pile the Paso brett Pia) = Ale) = Feel = PEI) e+ mt gp pn iin 1 rly tasecrrcaads ears ai Cicea wtayiha ater ay ee Smeg hae netted degnee Stcct Sue Ens Lie pt nt pt tae nal Pekar ee Sil Trani cams Mel So Uenoreurdie f ged were a) = 6-2). Soon it i nly vied that fhm dd Ssbation aad that f(y +hy) = (Fh) >ha whew hy € UR") ‘oma oer nao Cape 15* sm mARDY spaces Since P icin U3 lows Ut f+ F wba tbat where f nbound Meroner we dai tt ny Bed fF ‘Slenoded C™ neti Ince we ean weite = duh tg wi AES Sod he 1 Toe hs, sotie at PS) me? apiy dees {i fas o be sooth ony athe orga! Taking h= Prand 96'S Sih SG) = fr € ana , we ed en act 6) = (2 alee Fm behbo and fea ferro) eho ‘rom whi ou sertion alors. Sic (+ $2, PIF.) = 0,40 ‘bo obtain thatthe fanetion ut) = (f+ P82 ad i Sit armen 1.2 The maximal characterization. We cme now to the fr roan othe mana caratreton o or any ©€S and ay dtvbuton f, 8 dine Mele) by MSCs) mpl +0 o Next Intend of coeering a mainal anc be aly on 8 ‘Seg sproimation a the deity, we sal al ese "rand sae imal fretions” ba on alton a sch For this pups, Jot Flaca) bw aay fine election femora on S- We dete iy Ste St ofS corolla hy th soll of seminars are Sr={8CS Plans $1 forall LaF Mafia) = gap Mesto o Fall, whenere onde dbton ee wes) (F- 12) ‘Ye the Pion aga ff, et 0) = ep Ia ® ote the stern mina nein of (ain 2 of Chapter 2) 11 MAXIMAL CHARACTERIZATION FH a ‘ymonse 1 Let f bee datrbation and Let 0

hy then we lo hae that f © Hla act Met) 2 {Mf}, wht Mth sana rail operator, ha lg) oe Integrable Hower the soothes of tpt with the enelation cin cf ws ely that Mo) ll-™* aay fo the Spor: off. Thns of € Land belngs oH By the same tole, Bin Hon ile 1)

nf, thon MEF € LURE) (eo o 1 MAXIMAL CHARACTERIZATION OF 1” % a eh st on tc ef at a en se, sts eG atl ml pe nd Sige Seana ne [riveesaisrf rae sepa Fed) oA et Fe) = ae rosettes eee neers ironte-nie (14) «atom rp ee min rf dh dy ae en rinwg any op aun aren Senin stsnor te Gyn Surer 4m, steht mp he ‘The nat emma wil be ued ops fom one apracination of the ety to ay the. Lanes 2 Sippse me are gn Band W iS, th Jno BE ‘Then tee ia sauce {9%}, 90) €5, 30 Bat Eee © sth) 0 raply in the ee tat whence ay seminar, nd Be 0 i to IMfaa= 00M) ark a Decomastons of hie ind ean be alana ter by ing che uri tear oy deg ety ith the comoltnns nn ‘on. The formes approach whic ls soewhat spl, Ua one ed ln what allows othe ter, which sao fl nee oe {8 stings, seo $5.28 bow. From he Fourier rane pot ew, eine 2c be tought ofa an expression of Wines pape The “tee spa of tbe sto all twonsater of even aya anton eee in, pried the fara sts the vine cy onion ‘Wat tne ano pois at ch ni our ransom say ‘i Tn ou ee, the aly (OyePref Pi 36 C™ mo that 39 = 1 or <1 and fox ls 2 Th ne = in 2°40, we he at LHe, @ O49 fork > Nove that Sa) seaport in 2-1 |S 2%, 1.2. ad ao at PO < 52 Basse of (0) Wo THOT. ow ite aston de = Vee at 0) = 1 Lat sre mower ht [WE 2 1/2, ks 2. Then we we fone tern om sot wot wipe HORA 40 = FREE. Roe seling the pr gn # wo gual eufote 3 Wisc som tht 9 5 an tat te pani {ay nthe dat of teem egos Lr an Storm | hag nt sry M 20, fing O12") ask nly he sumtin) > 1/2 orl 2 can be oped, since ne ray ae (0) > 1/2 fr 2-2 whe tie itp oe the wat on a) hel he tran (0), tang a= SOG torte: (= Peele) tock = by nd 9) = Ofor

Oi ven, then re extant siphy ona) le set Ff eninorae that wiearer © Spy have th [lag ©, whenever I bo9 Fo Here espe or Fo, 8, 8 a,b not cn he ae {lela W Sp derting fom 9, wo ed to dt extra powers Gj See mag ot re th i ed si teaxeas canacrenieario oF 1 % 1.4 Weare nw i psi to grove that ctrl ofthe eet unt asia operator IG ley allow cota of sand sia Epuatr My fr appopriate , and mare revs tha he eta Drie seiMGsle a oe Tapani 2 gen @ €S by (8) et (ae) gl #0 Sap BOI te dy ng the dein of Mir G.wetne pine gS ftrsteate-oe-noe coger [sre (1g) Worns 9 [(0+2M)* nm aroier= fo-+aion" Monde set ify ¢ MY for miele collin of senor and a= eb ih bape gs poise Ep Molo) n/p (sin (6) ikl (1, Met 1.5 The ma step. We cme nw o earning ott inthe oct that property (i) (te cota of Mg(f) fo ae © 3 with f Ode 0) Ines «corresponding ental Soa grand maxima intone! Sf () we eed to show hat IM Pe 0, MHC) < AMMO CO, fos mia at of ¢ € RU! More pect, we ane allows eet eta “{his eseton wl be removed dow in. et be asin 4 and {or any Seed pute number A> et esate sar) Wee i a [aorese fare 0 1 ty a pty 7.0 mh tae a [jossnracsy [oaapecsox [err hat gy (hs ia 2 SEA en ies se he as Sor Mel cAN IHN, Meee?) ‘To seth it wl be ap to se he notation Fle.= (Fo ea{—) and 1) fle) = sap Now fray there eis) with r= < tand U0 2 (2/2 (Chose ral (we sal deere rwomeniar ly and one he all fentred ny of ada rf ey he pole bo tat [2 10/2. Sot ‘he tab rn al tat er <'1/4 me have 2 ay 3fetie), ve Bien tye), whee ete Sra) are), ate eo, ‘bing the gf omer and weraging ve he bal emer at = of dere was (2) ect ra ca ann eee seman) ih 68 Fly, wing he minal hoe br M) wi <9 aoe fe ch, combine wth (14), prove (1), (elas, pert se foram sel. 1.5.1. We return to the pia eft open sove, namely that the ‘tons of Ma ers that of Ate Fler. Unaly the pasar ‘Gam a prio noaies he (8) ls aghforwar, but here matters Seale ey. each lee) and, <2 < 1, we defn medication of M5 ren by! natu Ysiol site (efit eration i tht when f any dion and i ren ‘ea of then se fe) ss poy ne SZ br enon ot ech > 0 GU). Wo now She Now on emit of he rant 4 ss at ao Up Monte < cls", 06 he the ound Inependat of «but may depend on En ft, ieee bck tothe hey teu (12), mes that tend of erly lemtng the feo (12%, we mn tend ier the tor ea redect (4, 2M)" a (ie Be BBY ou ot day fer ee ggr MA de notte we we‘The aunt then process bls, proving (1). Pom this we can sls obtain that [GCF < Maa Sly, iweb e+ 0, IM flee $a on ‘This shows that MzJ'€ 17, f Myf € LF. Note, however, tha his gn yo dee ot give asian bode he chosen shore depends onthe fi aston, 1.6 We hare shown the oqslene of eondiins (and (i) of ‘Thott Land wow tr othe poo (4) ip (8). ist bt bo any cement of 5 Then we know (base of) tha. agg ED? Nove tat ener se soor 28 [ (Miler ase ‘Tha f 0 = £0) is bounded and sce thie tee fr every # ES, we have that J 0 bouhded dstebuton, scoring to our prevoue Station ‘Next we di that if Pe the Poi a, then Pe x(t POA Sata), 8) ‘exe (0) i ound cotketon of factions in STs, eopethe {Heh the ict that Mg eM, wth independent of yan he Seration that MG, 2) © Ag{F)=) whenever « > 1, she tha UG) 1 To ae (i), fw dC, wth la) ~ 1 for el <1), and (2) ~0 for} > 1 aod we Pre) = oapPee) + Sore") ote), whlch ge (18) with 12) = oe), and %(e) = ele) + RYO, 2 ‘But nce 6/2) ~ (2) support where 1/2 [| <2; the at tat (010) i bounded cation aly eri and tha the pro! at (ips (5) alo tabi |, saxat cuaRACTERmATION OFA *” 17 Conctsion of proof Final, we hw tht ation (i) of ‘oars bmn conto 0) by sbiwing that sss tga of Farkas given nota eat fein, de fo oe fst of «Rtn enn on (a0) that rail decesing {to and ser the momen conden [roves me [one ken. aa) y= [norte oo Sice OFAy OA Tat 400, ote a ewet(g)" + 0(s"I-=—-4), Inserting thie (20) shows that rly desing nar ang tent werk for any deat of B. Thue ® € S.C [sme [nou sa 1 We ll ewer coninoe {oreo atin ie [Mos athe HP war ff, and wetines it hams [lr- Notes that the p> power af he “or” T° pe Tinhedtive weap © 1 and hence gor a metic oa Ths mete ‘Soe the topo of Hy frter deta ae a. blo: ‘ere ale tat convertor inthe 7 wor i ong than ‘omer athe eof iibatone Tis llon easy by the sae ‘igus hat chow tha evry santo ? bounded datuton; (ine rr blow 2. The Mes” rgalaty regi for 8, ad the coreponting male et of moinorma Fm they depend op sagged In 3. ‘td 10 wow 4. The slgifance of the rand mana faction sewn a tho fact intely oe vectra of table moh verge ‘ur dation Apres statere® of thin ea flome: Let bet Bay Me tec ox ta) Fy econ of seniors ‘oping hi rock shoe and xe. Then wheneer 9 hemp faction supported nell Bhai aby arma, me nel semsiey, 268. en “The euiemtcs on endothe be mapportad in B, are the i race wares the radi of B. “Tat (21) hl lows easly tom the dition of 4. A sina rect ols fr the grand massa ution defied in oes of a a Vouy nite alacon ¥ of ceminrme, eeuse FC Fy when 36 lca large Jt ul to ote hat whenever f € HP and ® € S, then the C™ fection f+ belongs to Lr eey #2 p. Sic [fia = Mle), te immetiate that foc Ia adian, by the very deition ot, we tae Wy eoyn) < (84 se Bence feels, io), freer y with y= 211 reser ey [sonra {2.ATostc DECOMPOSITION FoR A 0 sh ie tai ete Th loi Sef prac fob 61 Se Jo 200 hat fo 8 5 Sino we bare sea tat 1? = 1? when p> 1, the realner is ape or emp wl bo Hr f= 2. Atomic decomposition for? We now tun 1 an equtalent may of ooking at HP fr p< 2 Speciclly, we shall dacanpeoe sents in? un of as 0 so dried (e p=) a 12-3 above The hy tol tat males rmble a variant of the Calder Zaman docmpetin the eter ‘ern (in Chapter I, ) was at we have aie hen, adopsee {oth tory of ings egal and main inetoe developed a eprom ceptors 21 A vatlnt of the Calderén-Zygmund decomposition. er there ofthe standard msinal operate wil be paged Uy the asim opi Mm Metre ae ol rn Ed throughout ths doamion wl als be treumay fo hae af tpn fs deranting inal operter one Un saad ot ‘le aed apprnimatin tothe deni. S0 we et (Mafhe) = (Mea) = p+ #312, here na feod C™ fncion suport in tout al with f@ 404 Prorosmon, Supose tat f € I, wth Mf) € 2, 0

)ene, sng emt eg fe mine tee nore eters ies omer thar= frente no Nera te 2.1 We et O dene the open set O = (2 Myla) >a), se al nals Wis pn ot (a Chap $2) ce Trew ain the ting of Re with a trata oman (Gat oo ely asa) tothe ital Whitey decmpetin of Into dit eater. ‘Tha we can find lose eu Qe Whow eres te motany da, nad nme ede lng ar ctparble Wo Chat Seance foe “0, wth O = Usd. Net fx a and a wt 10 QZ and 2 © B. ‘Siminr rome (othe ck tat QO} shes ht lalseMf(a), for any 2 € 3) Nom ole) = fla) fr = #0, ad beac ( (+1) Oa ine {obtain the lloing tests (Monyie) Seals) 2 €O5 9 ad wiaiersonB Here a Let 2 € Gand wre (fn » 8.4.2) Santo) e— 9) ty. 1 fy sinco# is suppoted i thet all we get (fe) © eM fC) by taking 3a) (a) (2 ~ Bo be the bal of radian ¢ tolred a and # =, the general ase nay 2) ‘When #> Gwe nea tae he radio the ball ob fy th ¢ large enough shat B-> QT hows tat Molse\e)~ gulf ee SeMe), 260 Sic Mo(c(e) a wee mod Bat P< oe MAP ace M/C) 0 QT prove (3) al comp he pat im popnon when p Sin) 214 The pron for sil vale of» an ngewe of the clits (2) ng and aco say mein tae Govircng of the "alt nto ym ht they sty ood ‘moe net Tet we noapic dab wate Pfr the ite inna yc sp plo Rha ee et ‘Worl become ed showy pymins eB see Sally the con a U-eueni=0, feateer ” “Ti cc can fic owt beter sce Diab ds) snd be Na he. conse ors epee of Hat toy pts aig a ronal fw ae eee) = Ply et FS" +74 be the potion operator ON gen dah = oh, (Are) = SiR) oleh te hat Py ian extension ofthe stl projetion Hy, We ake = PAU) and (2) immediate ‘Now the eines tht replace (22) and (28) re eam seo an wa leleima)s eMsle), for any 2 € x “To prove th ingle wet oben that sep Ae) Aste 9 Pe ~ Indeed, it ui to prove ir eta with I roplae by (fe, /1Qa) The eating nets ce etal talon ad ‘iin nat (the space P) oe eed oly Wry (28) i the how whan Oy th ui abe sentra the Axglyng (2) to thee 1 < J < N, lows vo to tabs (22) sd (29) for en = Pf) by the sre eguente at were elt rove (22 ad With this achiwed, west by = (ci). and roe sre B= mt i oP) nd adhe ttm of a) (ea) 0 whan g Pe and replace (2 ~y) by 4 9) ~ oa), where) ite degre ‘Toye polyoma fy (2 ~ yo cotered w= 2e, Wang 9) = sla 9) ~ ain, we hove wrong eo ten nie sgn, dakar a) ‘Thieves the deted L? ine for Mal) we ean do large lat esd ti}p> m The prea af the proption terre conde 2.1.5, colary, We rate for emphasis the nial ca ‘lation properties tal eleed i the poo fe prepenon CConouuane. Gon any psi ikege dy we cam errnge the de ompotion i he aboce propionate fonctions ty the Joate=o, Io oman dare mat 2.2 Atomic decomposition. We ow com tothe tole dm Poston of. AnH" atom pi, function a ae (0 ae euported in a al 8, (Woh < [sat eseywhes, and (i) 202) de = Of at 8 wih 8 < m 9,106 i any sence otie tht (0) and (W) guarantee that fale)? de < 1, Cond ‘on (i) wil gurantee he song an foros cuca, nsuity Jostareese ” see Mo wan pepe msi pri, ae wl (9) Manes ghee ee ie tt tht a on the wn wh 820 ae yh 0-1. Ti ib nd eee Cg Sale ih hing SOUSA Woulaah fyb we anon (e+ t0(0)= [neta n= [does she 9) ih degre dT mi fh tin = Bryan See aera SRST TH STS Wie iar mii, Snes y € B= ¢ BY and (2) Jal > 1 weave tat € 2 (Sr Hos (ting be the ad of 8), ot 00 (s25)", n0 ish pon en Se ee oe reeemena astra rer ne re Su Scope Meena) wae A ne) el saserarmas 17D ae cca in hn eof itty, dm mgt, sii sa a Ns am 0) fia, ve Molt) = Mal Ace) = Pudmotes wie (SPameorn))” s AP Molo? sn p< ein nape fiooneer aes Din [moose de seit ‘rhc ie the uncon convrgence of (30) in tbe 1 metic By oma in 1.8, me alo bare crergece nthe ean of debe (ur main rs te cover ‘Tuonen 2 Let p £1. The every fH oa be witen a a me fH aon a (0) cove, thet cosy tn H® nar omer Se < lst 2.3 Proot We prove the thorem fist under the ation a spina tint our dibton J leallyUbqrable fein. For ‘ch ites J, comer the geerazel Caen Zygund doc elon ven above i 2 where th le a1 wl be weal (S'edoe he ata that'll th semen ofthat deomponticn wl ‘tery the supers j Thue we write f= 9! + with D = Syst 1 ae ee by Ot = ea and are supported in eabee Qf, wit Qf = 0; Sealy OF = (2 Mla) > 2) aad OF" OF ‘aor fit that 9» fs? (and ace alo a the sas of leben) se J ~ ode J — gf = Bnd by condone (3) (of he propa in $21, me have tet Witte = femwrpacsS fireside se foupuce { caspase a eo, | <2 (by contain () ofthe propation), thas gf 0 rly a8 j=, Hence So) my nthe ee of rato TARA Ee moet me in teSec yt aca 0 a el a Bs at ah TEE rhe = Sean i = nb sc mateo a th pd ‘Swe oS re i ef) SSE GE dno {Sunn maine emai et en om sage a me GP Nw ee imate Ste ™ ened eo Pek gene Leen ay incre a ta Tenis os tities pers a ~ PE dod An PoE, oo AU Sueded ae ta et to he le adn pn ey 8 ce then ec 1 fw morn bl et at a i a tearm Gy eres eta apn at Boe etre omaed {SE tpt “ ‘win /= Am oe LA ay = se f= ESN ar ti at ea nero 11 SadalQh, 0), we Wap ppp al Sc, the 2 9)10)= 0 oases a Qa sported n 3,0), On th ther Md > ey 0) ten we ‘tiated a) Ts pe toed (Mat) < co Sey soot #€ Qa. opt te he ied ngayon th (we Bet that Mo(g) € ?, because areal ae [reioees [resco Xr, Jur ie lal = Clea = es My) >» a 1M p=, and with ¢= 1M <1 ct, sng the propre tthe standard masa operooe nat diel tose thatthe ‘Bequlity (2) heen wore eral sting See $57 alow 24.4 Bamintion ofthe mpport ands proper ofthe atoms eastracted inthe oo! of Thee 2 shows thats cocion alo ks for 17 = HP. I< p <0, but the contin SP co 00 gt cig a in. i In Chapter 4 Sos wt $9. sINCULAN WeTBHALS us 9. Singular integra (oe of the pring less of HI they i thats ate tal extension ofthe eas or masa fant and ing naga (ovgly delayed for, p> I) ote range p= 1 For he asia ‘Srctio, hi enn wae cr xt wh tied te al ‘haracretion of Pia 1. We tara bee tothe cele geo: tion fr sna integrals The conclson one rie at tho trod ‘pang tbe 17 boundedness tren saga ital proved in kspter for p> 1 extend to the content o all p >We ae pre to sian mec aves 0 th pene 8.1 We resteetoueles othe singular ata of 6 and 5 of (Chapter that ae rattalsian thi comet the res af ‘ot ngs canbe sesiatd a fllone: We bin wth an spretat 7 {hat bounded fom? to sl ae mses with treats AS ‘ment a of Cape sc an operat repre a {ipeaton operator vn the Fourier tar: Thre exit Bound Fenton te pie”), that THO=MORE. Imo < A « for J € 1. By Pancho thee, the bounds sution on ‘oust wit Wer < Alstes « {et K dnt the bation with R =; we then hae Tin 1eK « (ote) when fe. ‘We now male the prio ssumption that the dsteibution K ie ‘Sven, eva rm he sg by 2 ely interes foci we denote ‘is fancy #7) We hae tat crn) fxc-vsean, © se nme 7 tn comet pe a (9) ib cepa oe a re rat crease LocmiK@-9-KOH6SA, shameev 46. 9 Ya ot tf hag i mth aly at on 17 (Ry ar erento (RP) a salty a wep ineguality ‘here Hance Tals welsined on (RD) © LR)a ik HARDY SPACES ‘Tune 3 7 ster the anamption (40) shove, ten 1s bona fom HMR") to LR) Bat Pew 0, and we sre that Ire ClO)! together wth the ands ERC) < Ala-™-8, fr < [a an EK ev) aba 5 AES, heiz a Clea i satis (8), then als satis (4). We al nee dea ith the defion of Pf ~ + K when Jb sutitray sleet of Hf smo p< 1. Aa me hate sl, Ue dite bation Ase by the verse Fore rf fhe atin wee, the conven oo dation nr ol de fod we mst explo the spell propertes of bath Kaa. To do ths fare © CE bith oe) = O when fa] I, and ole) = 1 when [el 1/2 Wate a= Ke = KUL); we have A= Ky Ke ‘Seo Ko has conpect support, f+ awl deed bsin Weshal be abl to deine fe rng (f+ Koa) = (Fo ea) fee @-€ Shore (2) = 9-2), Kala) = Ken(-2) (he bare dele rpieconugatina) Se fo Be 1.8) and cen) Ree Es Saws noua shows that (fo, Kn express by m comers ‘ata, ing th dfitna of Rt w dst, "These conslertin la show that if (fs) soamace that exo- wees the Haar then Tf = f+ K conver nthe topo of npr etn Having clare up the defaiton of Tf = fe Kf f€ Ha ow state hw man Doundolnesresl for Uae pert “Trmonsse 4 SuppoteK ta dsrbtion sch that Bi a oundot Jinction nd tht ay fom he ongin sass the dere unis (15) Ipc | ia such hay > n(p 1), then the operon en by T= J 0B Bonded fom 1 fo al 3.3 In view ofthe atomic ecrpextion of 1 (in 522) ad {heft aor, sh iy sad, eso Wale < Aol cy Sor eery HP atom a, wth A independent of3:1 The pool of (0) fctted ty ing t the tena ion td isin Saariance” of the operator Tall that of he ‘obra with ransaties nd the operator ra delle on functions (nfla)= slam), ERE Of oars 7 extends to ditto by dat: (aN) = f-a8) fort fncsione ¢ Noe tat (f+ K) ~ if) Ky ad the pent toe Tf = f= K comntes wth talons hat i aan =Tef. (om ‘Wo consider nex the lation operator f+ Je, which ven by Ha)=64ls/6), $0 on fnctions Rs extasion vo distibations Ji determin bythe Wen ty: 10) = 101-0. (Pe fork “The ketty atlows rm an obvi change of vals, a et win {and Kasay, bonne fnctions with cart spport A sme imiting ree ten extends tothe spproprnte dtebtions. Tham, ‘coolio operators T enjoy the tensor aw he=TKse, oy wate Tif = J Ke or us the crcl certo edhe whenever sti oat by pothesabove ant (aod (1) them, for uc 8S 0, Ke aio {he sme hypetis, wth th sme Bound sn this sens hat oF ‘operator te rosin ad ton iran Teed, ou merton regarding (2) ts» dict consequence of change of siti, nd farts te homo f th ator | faz 0 fel. The variance of (1) flow Gos he fact tat Ri, fea > 0. "Wo note ssn tn eoesponding invariance ofthe pace HP, which a be tte a flor. Wharf © H, then bth m(f) and fe ae Pala = lars Mele =U, (8 fut acordng othe dition of H (1.2 and 8), we may take tae = Me ur lor some eed € S. Since My commute ith tranations and db ‘loo, hie edocs (2) ot aopue fer [norm 32 ‘The proof of Thorn 4 is Yas onthe flowing Hana Suppose that @ fied et fein, pte nthe tal, aunt Ltn, Let K be dsrbtion tht stig (41) and (48), and tne RO by KOS = ve, Then K® sates te some poe, {hounds that mayb has independent of Tn pra lope) < aah mi whence 3 sy amd EK) 840) 5a ste adi He dt rnd on at mole pp hee eet tty st = tad site Ky KT enw emer eae epee {Esta toc cloth bps ( ‘Now win te on te cal os fg 6 KG) = [eR ROME The the sunt (0) 0 eth harman co RG ad sca wth ou vom Sno, SO dete eon ato ct 0) pf Panos 1, Segpec in toecomene ‘Seti tte penne p> /(n wl be dae “The he bt th wens P= (aan) ithe geen cond ts ac bce = ‘The sabre of Fhe to Slowing conus, Whence (n-H'S gee fr td >. Ireerai sdrtvel emia) « Tom he stave at hat [Fe cl ay alse >> 0 Int be urn TF? itp f/m, ae Iter 1 Te pt ere hat AF = (a) ets (6) (1) a = then fT ‘gen gh nb in nin 43 Charron hy he Re rr halo ht the opr Je Hea be rc y ose nga teat tt hn sme sag hers! See ‘te. Wit hows csty cnn ote cnt ne {fine c,d re (inte coe as PT ijecircow fot pal seme ble intend ope ec wnt h ong te amet JSR hac tet ete sa he dt ‘rae ut mtn val Pw st ha fits fo ‘herr ch he) we ee ot). Ss a ‘ie a thant ht fa) bong 0 2, when pe inne et pe, weal ava emp it aan tre moc ina ib eta ety ee #2 FSC iat at exit ne by th oh sou J€ rnp =) ha hi propecia ‘Wi th ape hfe ly, we can ee dtr ‘es min nnd ng RC) = fo oan te bd Fos Ha hor Kb drm Sapte sn th nn Re sete ition CO) Now JR a ae ‘iy darston fhe fo Reta a8) =e) wei Re cel le “ome ne of tf RA) WP, wn 66S with Sources gach "dele snd wie rece Mele SA ates em) hg ROEQNION 8 Sete =

0, a +0 Ts, by ewe nna mp [meoreca sot pontine a J ‘nf nin, the Mf) abo eng oH Now fod © al) fim (0) ta. Maa, hace There 1 bows a (6) Sid competing he roo of be remain 44 Characterisation ty Aros Intra. One so tat pad « ay ri thn nln fh ay apace a he pce ha ‘otangetl ete harmon ont ly eqs ho ‘olf apap aque netonmare rect te pea “re ‘ica nc fo omer ibe big in a sn St eed ere (f,mtvateraa)”, com ere Fle) he ene (0) at

---

Ie m= Ure et A~ At be an ity ome mena cto oR" [fjaroaa}ese [anced — on TH i od ge [55 Segue tg ge React he A) = NO) th 0“ [x(q ase Soest of ya aed Cae Ltivorausen | {f, sonmahen 6 ware be tf pit aba yey with ett F "pou (oc ed hat [XGA ererr comer on a i 0 a ar hr aan 2 Fa p< a [te 019 a.) < Beat, (yt 2 1 Ba — B89 Ba 2 8B ‘hare me (62), 0) > od tha (6) row 444 Tht prin as ee nga (aeanie) scnate) (eeapita sats, fetal fonction wher (fete th stg main fi tots ete 8 in ge Ss Bana tga Chg 79223 et et ng ce ae 45 To prove the poet ane Gren bra sh [sean [ (138 ie 9/0 dens ration with rapt he oneal nm 26) a, ogi wh ew € and ete f= 9 = a2 (o) a Ug th ratty hee a vestsnen mse{ fortress >on sano a gig ote foworsss [tao "5 ptf he come analog. We cob that 6 a} lone tagninine me foseirass fsware fr 9.52 52. na 46 asses he tae ates el ate er See Pte mate 1 coal ptt 4A mumbo of heard peti of L apc (ten p> 1) te so lifer Hop (nie p's) may di spe) Smee: He compe mee di) = WF (0 ak cop fa aH fH ith a ene) fr #6 whe ne ube ct fc ad appr nthe nt al Ones eer ‘apter e 5A Suppo» hand JH (0) The Fare tao Ft etinwouton RYad Me sat (0) Nat vi, hc era to 8 Anlen, GeR B90, mea wes « (6) The stow that the monet coins i $2 ae en tt 7'€ HER) then ace I hae = 0 Mare por eB) 037) then foe a) = 0, where ol mame tht ef eH ([Litorsorma)” eotnin o0 “Topo (0 wh tha 78, ad Urea SACP sm 1.4 Th sto sarin (2) than flows by wen 08 se ‘Sheps of auch os way () canbe pov ey fen'te som deoepontion| (6. Fore Rese 129 1.5 Vriow ramp thatratethe atarcfdetibtioe hatte (o)A us comply snp ation feo HP ely wri deseo ne oe fo" tehae = heal lip (0) Wea p< 1, a8 faction, more mr fie mer) seve vnpit tng HS cay ina int ore (c) Afi ae combination Pf drain of rane of he Dine eta fins bso Hf ere (te massa re ie ‘eienrantseer og" and) Fe) = bert Sit) pos, th Du acon cana a hn by senfont

{50 We duc the isl cmos oa #0 at whee /€ HP pS trie tne Mal} B wh IMefle = (6) Ror @ tt ave comput spp, et aw BEA os sone (0) Foe ok ving cmt ppt hat ih a ity ot sai = AF ee = fn] ee oe rien ness is 40 Tat the eu a $59 ae nly sar ted yt opel ptt wow ineny of roe one ace (a) Fit coir (2) = (Loft n < with Ce) = 0 or io acne faas nip) the erm 7 1p at Mal) oe Mi) # U7) Hone te oa ait ‘neye role when =p =a pst oe Me (ape) > aH Ses (9) Next cone (2) = aay whe J he at rer Fic (20) = Ole} ww 20m Poi wih 290) lace oem eo ce eet MPa Te ith» <1 nthe thee wate J 6 HP wo that Mg) = ce ame hme thr won en p<, we hae te aon wep ‘Sxulige ue Mf) © >in gnarl aber p= el) emi fen om (o tne oe ti, Taibcea G Wei [98], Se 9 ‘wou a) i eee th perl minal operator ne Chae ‘Sm (we as Sang vith Boch Ria mnt Chap 9) IR cous and yrs at ttn the om tan es we ek ee uote pt te an Hen p ST 1 Sapa fa (nt eemarlytemprl ditt ad © C= iseumpcty asprtl eh cbr PA g()ye Larue p> Ota Fier a hme f 21 Se Vt), 5.12 The clan Hay pf bop tn nh pe ata, dead by HE) dae Tar 0 oe ‘oer FRE) mis ft tm FRc Ri (enesneiy> 9) [evr arhew co The ftowing had Fe HRD) (9 FCe)= mp iene a) eZ) wth Ler Sehr1 sb HARDY spaces (0) tiny Fie +9) = Fle exter ae eR (Pere (9 ty Fl) sa a rn aT cation wit he at) Hay pes sted ae aga {SACP EA) ad Lan = lea (6) Moran evey © MPR canbe ween ae f= FYFE, with nema) Ameria (a), () an (cae wo acest he Hay space eS Zr 1989, Due [th Came a a Ter Anas cep) an Propy (9) omen of $1, Tae ‘rod’ (0) pods on te dcp of HPC) i ea a he ily Flman nun en $02 ned ub he Poa ea of ‘hen we may tae FFL = ob 1.3 he pba 8.2 ios ‘enn open coco RY dal caw Tid ty = {GER (2.0 >0feral eer}. omnmy (ie, Fear). The be dma Te wees Caeser yee dle wt) web dnt me( [ner In pre, sth Pim eel aking =f 2 ge gies acne sve (0) Ate census tht the conten” € i the ate tere tsa be ow € > Natehows ha Sve wae ‘enon pf er od tae Fo (a se Hay nd Lito 98; () tC. Refrman and Stn 73), Gumtree rete 1 0) en 1) a ef in hove 516 The dary of conju hams ening (42 ad 53), yi dcr Hep >In an be exena oal9>'0 m6 ‘Eis Winn 21 andr > man ea orth te dat a of 8° GRE I tr pc with on 1 SGT nnd nar hs ee ie po ram Loeb th sad bo RO Fe QR, we ey that tcl?) = 0 F ie tog to al elonets te rm (3.0596) 90, 0 € QAM. We my tat Pia mace 1 ener th ned ation fe fl parma romp A tee FR GR, we die ore 8 on Se Fer fac Gap 9 Shor ina, Cat 714 | HARDY SPACES Pies ter ofrnk 1. Se ger ote Cnc Ren ste oe natn ‘Soe rho harmonic fection won RS, watch a sng tat (Fa ~ u That sein of Proportion 2 Tabp> (entire te amogu Papen 8 eh fe 23> fn Ihin rr i) eta sport Re by ‘oe of eget te Reo ee Te thr ae Se an. Wa [0 a Ferman ad Stn [7 Tho ut ht ttn a ed p> nace de {he propotion i 2 ba ban shown by al) Th pe i me ‘tr oxen tl ih in ey oc sent HS) Reina she ronal (0S aot of) al f= Btn nf it mse ‘Sela he tal sun cine Sse at np be eel, ‘atop aed ths doer sien eons Che re) ce My ode et Mf be th cd eno of Me, matey (ar) = spf 04 Menem), Meer), wt we LER) seal eae hey i we aya fH (). eps ootnd if SW fraps er tron OMS Hand n= CF the nf € He (Greely. fa: RY = RE ie denetphion of aeeieciot te pt oy, thn 90) alo bens () When p © 1a f€ Hf an soi ecpennn inarto sus hoe hay ag nt ad ae (i) tet # 6 and sappen a $) = (a Nf ie te Fafitha Gf Fe9), +O) or ome ee Then fs em seal ASS Ram HE, hw mt pp, J HP ar farthr Stas Colter 1970, 519 Senin cat tds a spear obi nanny tr at beng (healt ss Te pant th ma ‘Repo si hr binpc A golydg ch Shrove eget fat fr ply weak to ave comp gps Ase at ssa ith hrs Snel ner SEPP Mae Ste rtaran fg ya ely gabe ‘ctu Jl) sms cr! tra Ste ince = en 8 ve pay we tre {Be 65m O80 a ufone o On hha af () and (meen cone af some > 8 Te owe thi, i 6 € CO eat pore the al, ih foal matiee’, Wh ator" an tH Howe fe) SAE, den of a mT (atapner seater "it" ne, dag sel Hf, nlp Tefen Sen [Pet er = Sd, ed sce Ps ele fr i'n amc mt lon that Si $a Shs apbeale "Ts drains a () ai a he “on probe See Ht er 885), Laser i The rant haere a ro th [el ef) Sb the Westra pepauion tre can tien hn fA knsomey 0 lbenno {5.20 Fer ital ttn al within the ne of $546, a ane hy ng Lo fo mre p> 0.8 pec rio of he ‘Sn may be ound in Chapa f8 D. Miscatancue 5:21 The 2) ~ 2 inquire frctoal tation (aw Cape 1, $21) tend ote Pepa we rey cane T= ai) 2 frente a ne ‘he fw as nly ede 0 << oo) fxd ‘wth compact spat ane antenty cnsined tO ie) mip ait et he mm nition f= Fhe = bMS Wastes $ Angin bat —2 nga

4) motication of th rail fnetin tatu ptclay aad {othe reont context Indeed, ne bare eZ exney when ¢ BAO. ‘hace ae two firth points wo wart to hight hese. The fit 8 “uty neal” involving that sry etn the asertion (i), sod wc sows that 77 cota of (op <>) nes acres ‘ng pope off. The scons tha the sha fet lows ‘res pine dition of Tf i tora off, whenever Ts 9 ‘gules intel pert (0) Reais with quar: anetions. Tah the we of square fne- los ee a to a charectrantion of BMO interme of Cron nr suce. The reiting eguelne, which fetrestig ar owl ‘a several applications. We melon two: the prem of tating Pea fo eral Caer Fyn pers take up ‘in Chapter 7) an the extece ofa urge deneepot of 'BMO funtion (ven inf below) that, an oe ‘ops of expanses ring Inthe tary of wrt (9) ntti of aerators. I ot that tbe spaces BMIO snd i! oe oft ndopensable when ing thse einer ‘f analy fai of operate The en hea otto e 19140 10 aot BHO simple: by thee mitre, single iter! apeatr re aot compatie tith Lo etme nen, ee on a fl satate BMO (rit In afleting se, the sharp fncion the node ta. ‘ur presetation of rh the bone wl follow mo independent spproncsProclng swig oe beter ew ofthe whole rj 1 wil tcidetlly low st sve ore than ne peat sme of the iy res The et way wel pases ithe dont nual, whch in {arn ean be Gey der ro she name deeompatondeoribed in ‘he peevous chapter Te cond ad erate ah more emery Tes beac on proper of the “uf” maximal operator M2 nd ‘ate distin feqaltis. The lst tm nots wil serve us sein in the next capt 1 The space of functions of bounded mean oscillation 1 hn te ap 0 aye saat a an ce a a ecicah n a SSL tae armen wy tan frst ie ios i fver-meesa us for ashe = (8 Jy fe denotes he mean ae fee the ball . To equality (2) arts that oer yal 8, he ‘Storage cilation of ound "Fhe omalet bound Afar wich (1) esti thon tanto be the aon uff nth spe, nad enced br [ln Lt bein by ‘ang so lmetary reac above fc tat nein BNO. 1.141 Noe ft tha the sl slamets i he BOO norm are the consti, wo that fino in BMO i sly speaing dein ony ‘pion alive comtant Obtre ala hn walt be ie BMO 1th dition (1) mere extended to alow attary constants ein ‘ce there vals fn, we molten Ba [eg —Jal © A So U/l 24 fll Sar easing shows tat an lot (Bfttn of BM are we replace he fly ofl alle spree {2 (0) bean, he fami of al eben 1.14 Tis rval tat any bound funtion es BAO. The com, wre aie. A simple example tht sre ype seo the een ‘ropectie of BMO sven by the Fin /e) = la En cack that thi hci in BAO, note tat Ue seaing trae formations fa) * fe) > 0, map BMO fants to BMO faci, sz i td ot hs hr rm. Une hae eg ol So ste oma hate lie [rtseesa. [mc baitiees 4 her 2 bal of rats 1 escent ntl bde ‘hen ol: th ed tlds wn fi seats ‘Ove geteraston ofthis example tht isnot a srightorwad isthe fact tat lg {2} © EMO forty plytonil Pree Re {61 get aly of sig ce wes he yo eights Ifu'€ A, chen lagu € BRO. An appropiate comes iid Se Caper 632 443 Ti simple bot wl fut that the spe of eae -BMO fuetios forms antic If fang elog to BHO, then x do mang) and inf}. Ths low fon the servation that fl | EMO winner J, which tara wn coneogene oft fac hat I= usil= Fo 1.1.4 Aa sent BMO i ton ht ety trade eshte blow te pce seh their A et ted ‘nth martin tat eg on wheat ‘TEBMOGR nd oe se tt ve [.uir-minewoeesattaw — @ =.) theo al ete he el re), ‘note that by (1), . ° ()~ faglde <2" 1flamo, J, ed foals s 217 hee Be the tl of rat 2 cnt te xg we compare {he eal wid oe Bsr ly gett Unger = Fogl = eflomo, fem wiht lors ht Yay Tor fie 2 ae 8 Boe ge [jv taiees eat ich ads mein to (2)1 Dutyt a BO, ar ot a ey eta nD ee ra er See aes hea tnd oi awteinde fon [pesie sem whe ably fed, where f function in BMO. ie onosay to Gay one pot before we proce. For general {J€ WMO ang © 1, the integral (3) dove mt converge sbctely {oo $2, and sha we nel to defi (9) nial taking tobe In at ‘Spine dna near etapa of Fo convenience we take i ‘bipuce to be the spas of al that are bounded and hmv compact ports with Jr de = Tk of cour the sae the subpart ‘tate nae Cation of 2 toms: we know (oy Chaser 3, 62.4) ‘hat thi ulpace de a 1. We denote ti copace by a Be Hs, tbe tera (9) covery andthe ambiguty of the BMO Semen foe, th adv coma appears Benue {9d =O, ‘Twconze1. (a) Sepote f € BO. Then te Kinga fonctions & sien (nly defo om the dome naipce has a ise lester fo and satis He seftowo, (0) Cancers, every sno nar frctina on Hn be raked as hone, with J € BNO, and dh iano << 1.21 The prot that, vey fn BMO, the Baer Fnetiona (8) ‘eel and Yd oH dpe the nequalty [fr ole, o for J © BMO sod gin the dns subspace H ¢H ‘The above ical cal np consequnc of tbe soi cote for Hone poe (Quod Ue et amp ‘arf bounded. With tis atmption, we nn te [1 |semiorn ee = et emotion sie ‘Eine conser inthe [5 (R°) born (or the atoniedacageton, Se ie Chapter) Shh aig ng te [omioite= tad he ta 2 a ao 1M, |f seotora sa J, 00)~ false SPA Mowe ‘The inequality () i tortor pone or bound f(a all ¢€H), ‘hore the contant ofcourse dove nt depend onthe L™ nor "To conde the poo of (3), we see ur ateton toy Hf else ht DMO Wr We thn ref Hk iste) sk, We)=4 fe) RET) eh, Hes fio, Theo sine Lf}owo < elflpo (the romack $1.13), we ge by the cue st proved that fps < cflawol Pal since {0c sel othe dominated omergroc then ev (0. ‘Wie have therfore su Ut each f'¢ BNO gies bonded Une functional onthe dena tape #7, and Ut oo 1.28 orth ore we et the ne onl 00a trp Fst paras Sct © at Zp eco {eee fl sure tea ac spared BT epee ‘the it fsa y lal = Bere) Lat Coo ‘ot scan beyonce eta. Nte a Sy Steen © Uj = mete os mail so” oH od tht Ielae nd ey bl Sa dreemere Hee B:Y0e)~fo1> a) seein jm.) 1.21 Pro The pot mney (in ot rent fren 2 a a gs dey hp of ns Sic mp a cas Tht ie whan of nas ae Inari. The agent 93h ya eo ‘55.7 there) shows that each g € Lh,» is also in H, and “ Halles $e -"*toan o 00/91), a8 g— 14 Next iff MO aod fing < 1, ten by the bow thre he wa factional gah een to fate oo ey ho, ye tt ah ‘oor, extends to tna fnetionl Zon ll of with 1 = fl. ‘Tha by (L718 daly, tee exe na FC pg wih (ih Lurs)” see on fa)= fF ods, tae the a) ower, by (10) and (12), we se at F=f — yin By where cy ‘appropriate constant. Ug (1) andthe it that © e/g 1) a2 eT (oth a/(a™1) =p), we pe (oth «ey eres conta 6) Hify-nreston isecm 0 ‘oni (hoa ae ot Ritoroee 2 eme sae ne Sinkirioay osscs Hee B: Ifa) fol > a (ear?) 9 Ts w omc of i mn aly Maly Aya ad he et eA teen et6 YW: and BO fir 0 <0.<00,1

al 0/20 “Nog? Homers, 25 them 8 2 89 21/2, Hee B:Ufe)~ fol >a] S218) In ha range of 0. Algo theif drop the nrmaton of teeplcng fy flflowos oe that (8) wetbied with =? ses = 26) "on ‘Otsarve that, asa consqueoe of (8), obtain “Bl i [ermersann forall 2) etchant summasion and iteration the shows tha [frst sf ose, roving the propsiton.2.2 te aviou hat the sharp fantion is pointwie demintid vy the standard nal fancton oc he fs ha [fae lin itl peo. An important consequence of Ue propeion {het pow is the towing "covers" nota ‘Tatonms 2. Seppo < p< 20. ff € INR"), then the following meq ols Whe < Att on Remark More cera, wepone that ¢ 1, for some 1 <9 < coy and that PCD ten fin 17 and (17) hs, “To prow ths at statement (ond ence Tore 2), we show that it gyi fhe conju expect 0p, y+ fy = 1, ten the ase ua meant (18) bls for [ED and g € 1. 1a fact gen J ¢ 2%, we can Bod a eece (fa), that Uf <= Lil fen f nen aden fr bounded. Ten cely Joe fia D* oem while te nana noe shows that ff —> fae. ond dom nei te ff» fin D™ nora Alo we ca ds wees (on) fo tht each gy i compact support, a > # ts the ge ae dome ‘ted by aed Fein nL ad, os impriaaly fds = 0 fhe all Tl fact orn that each og belongs tH, To we hi sete 34 = gene Thon y Heller neal, l= cb, whee ha at =~ B oy =r where si the bl of ria 2 cetera at the erg. Nove that dha gy 9 lost every; the () have the Sarna sere ince [|< ck. Tha ol + € 1, ice gy >I, nd or asertions ‘Shout the quence px haw bona vere By the provon popaton, Me [fein sef te mater Aang thn doe [fs Sef Poa owing that (16) ble whenever J € 9 E. Using the fat eat [Moles SelMates sols one obese [frou otro se nbenerer 9 € L801, where 1p 1/¢~ 1. Now tae the eproman (Pei tide ofthis noqaty ome all sch g with ae 1 The vl tat J € 17 and (1) hl; Poem 2nd porate) [sherre proved 3. An elementary approach and a dyadic version (ur treaiment show ofthe uaiy of! sed BMO, and be read looqnits for AO, had the virtue af owing rather neily {Gom rss of be previo chapter Honever,eablhing thw fate (sew the reexamination of thle peu uted Sr esha fe ‘ia) req the fall panoply of teniguee deviopd forthe atic ‘heompaston,induding te rand mana fnetion It woud there bededable to have a mre dirt nd lta spon osm of the rela ofthe previo sins of this ages. ‘The approach we pest now ha several drag of own and 1s bata two dea The Bet to ier “ya” monngus of the ‘mail fncion and harp anton The second rele theta by 2 “elatv stsbutinal inequality nial ste wlan be ey wef inthe net caper en we caer weighed inne ‘Weta rst to te dj versa of he mama nti. 3: The djdic marina faction a dasa ing fly of ‘mbes (My). For each itp f, My denotes tho fay of ced ‘hes whos ide helen 2 ad wwe wen re sere of th tie of piste he orm 2, ma) wi oe my ag ‘biter integers: Observe that Jy = 2" where Me te unt cube whose vers have staal ood Also, ach eae 5 Ma ves ie to cue fo Ms by Uti the see We sal ref to wee belonging. any ofthe mn «dyadic ate Ths the colton of dyad aes simply Ute We say it ‘wo dye aber nese f thats tees, nt they ae “ijl i nie trios ae dio "Th dyed maximal spertor Mf then diied by artnirng gs fone, a ‘here sho supe son ll dpa cube @ that stain ‘What lle the principal at about She dai asia fan i a he a ot cal Cae 2d emp TT Genpak 148La 1, Let fe aly intra function on Ry and eta be a ponte constant that en (ease >a) asf nan marin pl in of were rea vector pene (104 f enses eo, for mh a a tat ase Cw) fol comer 60, onnatsor feet Pro Gia any tr nereing Aya cbes ee of th wo art ‘be cama in the oor For ech © My the a maxima ade ile Qo that and Lunas for otherwise, would have ifiite mesure The above ear shows ‘hata two of thne mama ee re jit. We lt {Qj} dente {his caletion of ail dpae cubes Then elor that sd that (de atamatically. Moraver, ce Q, was anal Qs rote he (ge) nest larger dae abe cotnng ha ar [nse ‘rich pes occasion (8). Connon} lls by eng the ir ales Tiron wei ve arb ce RY Aeratiy, seme ce te bf ro we em {8 AY ELEMENTARY APFROACI AND A DYADIC VERSION 151 3.2 Soc the prot ven above depend ony on th imple ca sion rerio yc be, the nm etal ols mac wider Eig ecco fe hd (i), se are alte ‘Solo of gnc martingale, Only ots a) wot mor vested ‘are fo doubling oper (cat involves te mee My and ‘he dering meant} See G62 Fora cparzan between Mah "hl mail operon Bat S624 8.3. That are two strughifrward obearvaions that we mast 19 ‘mae about ce abore mn ta wl be tefl ia appli eo Flt suppes that Qp ea fal dyadic cube and that fi suppeted {2 Gy Hey ~ [Ql [fide them, when we aply Lema tof viha > ay, the ees (9) ae al eatin in Qi ter wots the “heomponition guaranteed by the lemma as pc nie ‘Stow, fay ay tat fe: M842) > on) ¢ (22M f(2)> 09) ad, bythe masinalty of he ees, eth dpc ee inthe decmpo- ‘tia at alte oy is onal in ds cube nthe dooms hei op 3.4 nan th th el tion, ye Sue eso th ty nn che den he File)= mp fale “oe he ua tae alain @ cnn “these enya ion na a wh i lage Ne M2) >a s8(2) < eo} <= MP F(2)> 0/2}, (9) forall aes ‘Some mtivation fo noite ofthis yp, and he estimates "hy inp wil ow be dice 3. Relative itebatona nell, Te inet eth shat sve the eal fires s fcr axe, ~ {or nonegntie Fan that Fie pote emit ya constant ‘uke of GA tv georlation ofthis when Fal ©8a Ve and B80 se ty te “eli” nat Fe) ele) +a, whe ‘enough to have pointwise inequaltos at our disposal; sometimes thea ‘uote ring dato fothons ea bee Ta nogaity Hes F(2)> a) apts: Gte)> aah. sae > 0 (vit ur ponte snstantsean 9) sly (20) ‘The samp ae atsone ede "ce dese ne irae ten Me: FIa) > Gl) Sea} saute: Fl) >to), sla >0, fer 8 ad re ppp cota. Litas 2. Seppe he noma fection F en Gai he late dar ea (Asem a at forse 0-2 Foye hve Uioggy = Il Fate) <0. hen) ke eek A’ Alehe) eneer = Whey -nf enero ahe ss son) pa ne Fe)» a) Sones Fob) les10> a Malply both ie of his inant by oP! and itegat ino AR ‘chao of vaibl the rosa is Vly $a +c ‘When F< tan [Fg <5 wee bag the cod inte 1o the side. We ten tas (20) with A= 5-5, proving the Te Remark When <1 (which cus nthe applatios below), the requir that [ary oom Be else tthe tnption tt Tah fr sme Py, with SP. TT ices ini 8 af Chap {8 AI BLEMENIARY APPROACH AND A DYADIC VERSION 158 newt sano ee renal Sse aby ur up, F ae io Now by prose Renato, InSoh7In +N Sie iy fe) Sex) le: MAS) > bl, (2) praia >0, whee a= Pel -0) sprog (2) wma te tat he et (#22) > bo) tase meus, etbervib the nog cone Ths phe bythe la Sat it rte aon of dant aes {ie (Qj, Welt Q~ Gy deat on the cn an oe tw hat eeQ:MAfe)>a fhe) Sense, a) eon (2) ws rs ding hone ‘Now et Qe tpn of: thn th msm of @ we tare fig ao tak MEAG) > at that MO(~ fl) > (=a By the ‘eakp ny (chan) oa a ah 7 pe by G-sehta wn epic 8a, me ave tht te es thea of 3) eat ma : , and fle) = 0 fr 2 <0, hen fh unde, and in ft vai fog 2 = Hower Je) > ola Soe ‘ody vow ft fact that M3 | we get ter Improinens, ‘pve th conta Ay rate Hoan mp {8.7 Ono can an bain inthis wy ers othe Joh-Nieberg laeguly in whieh srongse Beane, ang er tens lected and ratected to die ces. We appowe tat fi a Ital faction ven oe yee cube Qy- We Sal meme hat f Sin dnd BMO on shea (ith nore 1) nthe ens that By rts wm aern meena ee CConoutany 2. Tere eit postive constants ey and cy vo thet shone fst (25, then forall > 0 HeeQe:lf(e)- fa > all sae oie (8) Pro We wt fi = UF ~ foe: the (fC) forall by our apn, sie at dy est ntact Qe ms iter Centaeed nor estas Let a) = le (2) >a ‘Then by the more general tbuton equality (2), we hae Ma) fo) iw dona c= a. Now we tet oration tow = 8, Sed bso that ber= 9-2"! Le, b= I-2*fa. Since = eft ‘ bae «= 1/2 and terete Nae hveP%), bear Sunrise PRovenries oF ito 1s hea ion ha hcg Na) e-™ 0) Sem ee) = 2° th tte er) wing ey fn ‘nna neta Hee QoYle)~ fo) a} = Ne, sohbet tet at nth ein 2 Hwee when a= #7 heqain cont poc san [gol eve->"1Qah, mbar =e 3 Th (0) pond we y= Band ogg 4: Further propertien of BMO ede fre the tho o BNO, We it how tha many ox slat tga map = to BMO a hn grants os pio ‘Stinat nveving te sarpfnction Later we sy te en ‘sgn Rts ad rg a BAO ‘Aa wes in he previous cape, age fing inteals snap tito Th the dy Had BA then ple ta te She earepntng ron song fn Fo {P10 BNO Moroner can eoaby exe hat thncoclon ale md nein tng Sap fs oo een eee ee smo Sater mete etn see cee cicero Shahin antcmeg sare oe ee ee eee pace as gees EOE Br cena coos rare Bambi wenwer $614 ‘second, whenever f bas compact support, erne= [Kev i0.8, fer sont every outside the sappot of J. Pally the cai quan ‘ative sutins on 7 are gine by Ue existence of» boa Am ‘hat Whe salto, TpaiBe-9-Keoleesa atygo,186 1 at 20 Recall hat (i Chapter 1) wesw tht these operators have t= sal estnsont L9H"), 1 pear I peavey are boa, ‘for p= 1 waleype rem ol Aloe Chapter 3 we a hat (hs extended Tis abo «bounded mapping fom HOR") Yo LR). ‘To eine the natal exenon ft =, we cnet he dual op Arico Fd analogy tT, but wit rpc by whee ‘306 = o(-4). The te acted dsibton Kis ao eal Tepe faction amy fm the og and gn by (2) ~ KU. Inte? i exp for soaps coat, the ibre pace (12) int of fo which fiitiade= ff setoyae 2) anew Jug LAR), Note tat P aed K ai the se Rnd of Taegu 27) ae do and "The above iemity awe ut to extend the domain of and vo tion Tf or aty buts fore pose, 1 i doe, by (23), Up to an ative onsant apd squrentate on eer compect sen fat, whenever © Lig (ithe aotton of $1.22), we now that 9 € 1 with liv < eggs. In prt, we ge fom "hight ee of (28) einai ection on Ly mith oem ‘SAL fle", sce bet an He Lm oem <6 ‘Than, on ach ball Bf te try deed ce an Semen of td by the sozomeat in $22 fe ean be global defied med So die costa, on all f RY The sme argunent of couse shows that (27 (PPnliscm and deli M/) = [fF em, Hades neat eal shows, Mf" Mf; bt Mf can bo fate nyt Foal in ‘We dl also ned to strengthen the esmptions (27) made forthe pean 7 nated ofthe nel aaliy onaring i (27), we ae the mot restective hypothe that fr some > 0 ieee 1, the (re) < As N12) a ener J EL, wth p< ao What esting aboot thie theorem that gives & pointe state of (table serge of) Tf i tara f'n sou that in ‘eras touth th aa oains o gad eat viewed culatao ofthe tecgus by whith sagt egal ‘Sealed in term of macnn fc “The prof sa simple vrata the tgamestllowing Propsiion | ov. Lt Bb ay bal eating the post and y bce CB. 1 sues toad coment tat Ai fire)-cnidesamse,1 A, depending oly on A and ‘Wien B* denoting the double of the ball B, we wete a bear f= fit fy = Phan Poo Wo hoo bythe heey Chapter Ia {Tsou on fr >; hres innlee sian" (irr) Mate ins (fra) amare, Se here li 4 hn yr mao 2) [k(e-y)-Klcs—wh s SA re i ttf Bo wat ene [,, Hoo 19)40 then br 2€ 2, Phe) -eals fese—nyiola. wih (0) = 9G) and xy The at ig ‘he tenor ty the ial masa ineton, vw of he rena is Caaper 2,621 ‘Some be rae) Combining be tinates fr Tf, and Tf gos (82) and proves the Pepaitin. ‘4.3 Relation with Carlson menrares and square functions eal tat end aed €S woe neal vanishes, we have defined (in Chapter 163) x cnet pa of “une func operations Ysa) ad fm Se) he me en by cones ([Pussenr the later having snr “nontangntia definition, ‘Th bs property of (al Sp the Z* boundedness Protas Alri: oo | AM) < AMS) ) ‘6 Porri PROPRRTIES OF BO 189 (“nondegenerate in the lowing sea: Te cate 2 © 5, ‘ek Jae 00 that [eee Hore Bi the Dine dea fnction the side of (35) ded a my [one so i en he ttn ‘ioe cotangent tn tue ep tayo a oe Ii yoann sr tars 9 SS eet emma ory. Sips sean win now at a i th se ad Sahn nt ei ez ct eh ple tht ao nen ‘Ss rem ee Cor) Te omen fiber ncn g = Ue yf © ho Stun a rae Sle 9 Tunonen 3 Leto € 5 with [2 (a) Suppo f © BNO, and let Hue ateyrt. ‘nt Gt mye on of te 88 spa fgtenierttt tate cos on ‘se 0, ue Pe) = (iy) =a < ot 0: 8(FII(2) < ATLELA ee Ae lage constant to be determine ater; we sal x A to ‘rp oly on he dna The ey oberon at Ute ess See tne wbeaeer a al in Re of rar, the Nee wera) 2 ze. oo Lu enporaniy ase (0), ad show that ips order cel (3) Foray nonnegative function H, we have I (oss Hy, ava} as, [oatonmaase 4. rien pnovearins OF AMO 19 ‘eh lows dct fom (20) ty Fins here To the seve we {se Hee) = FU. ade Sa’ ny Te Jou Fonctnnttt cor f eirreneyecariiee cota aac, yh eno he ing sin Tis i) and we et heat tate) ot hatte ar Sie postive title, oping ine a et ae Taco tthe tal Tet by al of ni vad he cones al ith ine mete at Ua) ean (8), toe Be Tas fovrrrndesef norte ty bins rem (lo eompare wit (0) in he previous capt) Dy denote he vn ofthat bal in “Thao louvre f, ria Be a) el Sonn A eco int wo gt (8) we eg or) ‘The proportion ie cerfore peoed a emer The poe nb ed o ity th da oN wi thee Fr ch UP) © (Re) Ne ta a ae ipietin (6) LQ) SE) C LCR) et th P SUS ey CL ony aati Set pinot cu wp inne, 44.1 Weretum tothe prot of te covers direction of Tact ‘Wo are piven a @ that satis the aoadaerracy coi (89) td fe whic [ei state se ec xem ee A a ee aes so a a ese [prom-nie= [recent oo F sp we an ring (1) 542 fr at168 wt 060 ihre Fest) = (f+) and Gt) ~(9» Wt). ‘Om the fora! ne, 0) a aioe consequence of the fact at oo Bat facta rol rogues were we wil ett mentary: Assi (A), we ee tat the propolion | [seared scrsertet0%ortes sda "t61CIe owe, (@) = Ss), mene tsate~ (f,eeounr ta)” at Mtn el ate nt ewe Bee merece oie en ere PEER RoR bie eae | (2) de| < bd tI [f.sera-oe eee ere Spates sees a ela ten ere eee eee eer ‘henna arcane fies on [sont hoover 0 < © <.N < on; bare Hee) = *H(o), wth ile Atti for To we this eas ot wo= [HoH meee late = Htm a "The op deere a fly of 8, @ and thai deities that ‘ismpoth when € 0a Ua togtr witht derivative, ey epi oii. ‘Ont ote bd, fr € 0, theater Jo° 8) com ergs abate cnc 8 and veh tthe ogi) and te vale {i a ft of coum equal wih the property (5). Three, ered seer - [Het 9 4 Punt Prorearies oF ho 168 ‘he movant ant top wth i aibing the rg ‘he hw ht) nes ar hcg an ec at he Iti ngs fw (meet neo [Bento here) = oy he) = 1 tee) — nie) = f" Beey@ey, “hitb (4) whe wdfn Hf hee Fut sem 10, ad ahere ti ga Ha = (0) ram (4mm [lrevesticniae [_petertnn-nee Jf rence Wie nm et =» 0,1 <2, Th ight sie of (8) converge tthe ht ‘Se of), since we hve soe ht betel ton cones ‘Seah Hs rt nC 82 ee « lool < a Marne, 9+ (2) + g(t) ae. aw ~ 0, wile 9+ Hty(-2) < eNom Oat N= oo, Since fa) fe) -* he < 2, the dere mtd convergence theories 2) dew the Hn of te et fide of (0), when =O al Aso Te sentty (0) thre ‘sublists the pron af Tiere 3 compte 4,48 Thessumpions that (and) ae nS canbe uetatially ‘sce without changing the prot. Aa nereting ample si whet = 8) su F(z) = PCat) de Pon heel P(e) =e 4 2)-202, ‘Then € = 4, con hae the sent (5) fo she epson the Dae deli fonction, A conaqueo® of thi that meting fa) = (fa) forthe Polson integral 2 f, he eso std he eodiha tat fein BNO boames the asin that a0) at ES Carn semare locdentaly, thse reas all to give another poof of the uasy betwen 2 and BMO. The ty hel Thre 9 (andthe pez it ret) gtr ih th ney ty the case p= 1 of Propoton 4 in St ofthe preview caper This sprout does st depend on hee dacompenton fH Se 124.5 Quushorthogonal expansions for functions in BMO. The study of one fst ad ei sats, hy hd ery naz, propertly relat Wo otogonlty Boon of this tml tovexpoct thatthe previous charetersation of fenton BMO hve an eval formato in term of erthogo! dacempantins Hs this we shall wow preset, ale In ater simple and pine ‘erm. Vario renennt and ates the sae es te pile {ing lo charcterntions of any othe anton ans bse BMO, ‘Eoin nate to what row known o "meet" daempenine (Our otogonl decompositions (mur precio, “qus-artingoal heompeitinn) wl be grea in terms af andy of “bump” neha feck such function wl be asl to adja eube. We Sx oar m= ‘Stonaftoms hei Q wl be eee fr dedi ube, and {B= ig wil be the al it he sre center and tice the eat (than By 3 hr emia he ball wil be smite to, Torch dyadic eae Q, we wl gen efnetoa by Support ‘ny tat sates etnin staal ae, replay de Sd { OS lol on) ope 8 Ue (other Tr ptm oy a het Bl caet Se tis fear d= fiber fess bono fe wing tena dg Somer ad ont ny Ia) re «(S92 hile ofcourse Igy IQs", Sle the upp of gy has measure ware [foes (822) gana’: [featonae| sea. i see Qugyaz 8 40) = 2°19) 5 = 01, him 191,09) 03 9B 8 ‘pay mane baat ee (Te ral ine Sate howe ay ari Son [urtacn ¥ cate, [sadorte o Yai eeee ms 54S ell ftederde se Yaa? +le0,PQ),0Next, with Qy fod, 5, rons bOI <6, en foreach Qy thee ate at mast 2 cues Qs wih £2) = 519) ad with By, #0 Sal, bres each Ea Qs there ret mat ceuberQ; with f(s) = 2G), so that BaD #8, sree that Fg, (Qh Qa) Ine tne eta in X_ leas? +o (0s) tives the de etinate (47), and Ue lemma spond 452 slog the lemma, we wo prove pat (0) of he propa. ‘We seth ony Snitely many ofthe ag ae omer, ta emake ‘Stine that ce indoendet of hie mame Foca tall Bof radia. Ton fr 2 €B, write agdg = fle) + {ala} where fe hsm taken ve thee cubes 0 that 1) F el ig B # 6. Silay he sum ten over ebes for wich 1g) > and gain Bg 0 iio ore tat ven B, there ate a Hound a ter af dye ces Qo that Bi oma the unon of thee ‘es, wile each ((Qy) 7 Ths, Oy (4) ofthe emanate smplln (6), Jpvcerersaain o Nau hteg= Eco wien to tet 8 nenceh Uste) Os tha ba le Nee Belen > 9) Flan < ‘lPie,tmF tomoerie t h at e Siow £0 a dee ne we eh et ‘ein thn same ay the pen 8 fa wae he be of Cpe ‘Bjccmepand tthe mnangal masa acon PS tebe 6 rurrien nasvers a8 tition adhe ey ee et down 44 cater: & ‘at nto Fan Rs ne tt ue sn cerve=([,rasret)” ahr)” Winn 0 < p< as wed AP = NP to cot fl Pfr wich BF) € Brae wi Ser Fo = Bn Taree AP can nd ‘ay thn de the ps Ned Cpr Nett Ne ithe sce tht orl The ano fee the Nps ‘he I ore 0c pc 2s bah ty teenagers (0 Duy pcm Tepe fo Fenewott ei te daly bmn A” aA ca <0 ad 9 (8) Dealt frp = 1. The above pking soe «daly betwee A My hepa fr ws 400) € ERE. (9) Atertedinton, Wha 2

vate) <0 ees (Se) > 0 Hesse) > asa) na: ‘om tuna os aca be leporfr ny #3 0, snd tcmpanetil ew sn Barbe sd Guy 7, Fela ‘Si, Cady, Sorel ot Sn HO, Mra Uh 180, (235 (0) fs aa rel of the abe consent toile SOHN, yee. ‘es conmasnrn i FL with compact part ad the Pataca (Sgr ef thn oe sone» Bex) aly nae, (2)In thom ition, whee fa compact par ad a) € 1 than ep) ela ome € 0 rn Barter [19 consi (0) n $Y A Chan, WL on, 1.26 Wemay a wih calecton of ingle penton (bee fi Reyer SMO) and HR") the oe and [shake penne aptr, Me Reston 8 mp ya unos tonsa Rm 2b ota pen Bowe ‘ipa (re) dr nx ey ths propery Sew un an Wa (0, ‘Candi, Cac Coc aod Tat 178 on tte ee (0) Area th wing Spo 71 4s Na nae snaglopacrcl then rod a hater eT =e homepages 0 and C= nny un te cri ‘The a monty oon a (TTT) earn BO wa "(an steel smn“) Fe ity nape fr ry € £0. con (7 (0 Tr ion a aon Th et ‘nic unin e Cchunes B apap pe ‘ir tlnton a te qemonhopealSomgotion of ENO fete gv ines 6. Portier nests 1s cuttin mien gear ome Sain eee pace itachacmmeminmceaioae tin Ane hat (ol hese ht hee Be Tilia aame Ree)

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  3.5/5 (104)