T 1.1 The EBook 1.

An introduction to Macs and logic

A Mac is a computer which runs Mac os operating systems. Mac os was developed by Apple for there computers only. This mac 2.5!GHz Intel core i5 this tells us how many brains the computer has. Also has a memory of 4GB. It also has several inputs and outputs such as USB, Headphone jack and ethernet. It is important that when turning on The Mac the external speakers that you are using remain off as they will pop. This will happen because when the mac is turned on a burst of electrical current will got to the speakers drivers magnet which could damage or break the speaker. Midi will carry signal which can be notation, velocity and pitch. Midi we work using a Midi Keyboard, This will send Midi signals to a DAW (DIGITAL AUDIO WORKSTATION.) Midi keyboards will work by Usb and will be compatible with logic. so you will need a usb cable that will go from the Midi keyboard to the Mac/keyboard. Usb ports are based on the back of the midi keyboard and at the back of the Mac. once this is done turn on the Mac using the on button situated at the back. Once Logic is installed it will based in the Dock at the bottom of the screen. To the view the dock wave the mouse at the bottom of the screen. To save a Logic le which is the rst thing to do go to the top of the screen click le then save as. Enter the name for logic le and click save.

2. Starting out
When Logic opens the rst thing you will see is the arrange page. This is where everything you need is. To start of you need to chose a audio le, software instrument or external midi. Audio le can be anything from a recording of an external instrument or a full song. A software instrument will allow you to use preset sound on Logic using the midi keyboard or can be drawn in using draw mode. External midi is a keyboard that doesnt use USB but instead will use its own sounds. To start with add a software instrument channel. Then click media in the right hand corner this will give you the option of bin, loops, library and browser. select library and click Drums and percussion. Then click Electronic Drums and select an 808 kit. This will display in the channel you entered then you can play around with the kit on the midi keyboard. Once happy with a sound record into logic. Do this by clicking the bottom record button. If the drums are not in tim highlight them and go to where it says quantise this will allow you to put them more in time. Once this is done make a new channel and click audio. This will allow an instrument/ vocal to record on your track. A mic can be attached in the mic in on most midi keyboards. Once this is done turn the mic gain up and go to mic setting on the channel. Make sure the right channel is clicked then click record and record some vocals in. You can edit these vocals further using the toolbox, this will allow you to delete, cut parts, zoom in and fade the volume. The transport bar is based at the bottom here you can play,stop record, skip, see the BPM/Tempo and see if Midi signals are being sent to logic. !

3. Sound waves
A sound wave is the pattern of disturbance caused by the movement of energy traveling through an medium, usually air. The particles will travel in all directions. Compression is where the particles are squash together and refraction is where spread out. Compression and Refraction meet per second is the amount of frequency . Humans can usually here between 20 hz to 20000 hz. Using the audio spectrum will can see the amount of frequency in each sound. A bass will be very low on the spectrum. Whereas a crash on a drum kit will be very high frequency. The speed of sound in air is 314 meters per second. All instruments have harmonics this is when a wave is the component frequency of the signal which is a integer multiple of the fundamental frequency. A complex waveform is when there is more then one harmonic in the waveform.!

4. How to make a 'rework

To start a rework you should put in an audio le of the song you are trying to remake. This is important so you get the right BPM/tempo. the you should start to work out the drum beat. work out were the kick and snare are rst. if its easy you can use draw mode to get the right beat. Then work out the main melody play it using midi keyboard and then quantise it. the main thing about nding the right notes is experimenting. Use a loop to start as this will help with the rest of the song. Once your happy with the midi notes you can start to nd the sounds. Go through lots of sounds on logic and see what one sound most realistic. Once you have the sound you can start to loop the sounds. do this by clicking the channel and selecting the midi section. Hold CMD c then select where you would like to paste the loop CMD V. Automation is used if you want to hear more of a sound or fade out a sound. You can do this be pressing A on the keyboard. You should then start to mix down. To do this add limiters so the song doesnt clip, EQS ( graphic equaliser) this will allow you to take out unwanted frequency. A mixdown should be done using your own ears to make sure it sounds good. using panning to go between left and right channels sometimes some sounds are more to the right than the left. using buses you can send sounds to separate channels. Using muting you can lose one channel and solo you can hear just purely that channel. Finally bouncing out click the bounce button and your sound will be ready.

5. Listening back
The ear has external, middle, and inner portions. The outer ear is called the pinna and is made of ridged cartilage covered by skin. Sound funnels through the pinna into the external auditory canal, a short tube that ends at the eardrum.!Sound causes the eardrum and its tiny attached bones in the middle portion of the ear to vibrate, and the vibrations are conducted to the nearby cochlea. The spiral-shaped cochlea is part of the inner ear; it transforms sound into nerve impulses that travel to the brain.The uid-lled semicircular canals attach to the cochlea and nerves in the inner ear. They send information on balance and head position to the brain. The eustachian tube drains uid from the middle ear into the throat behind the nose. Psychoacoustics is the study of sound and what we hear and how we hear it. We have to ears because sound is all around us. its is believed that two microphone should be used to get a more realistic sound. Listening to sound at high pressure levels for long periods of time will damage your hearing and could make you death. To prevent this ear plugs could be worn in loud places.