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+ = 1 ) 1 (
04 . 0 /
0
min
r
b
r b
(2.1)
where,
b
min
minimum thickness of the insulating layer, mm;
r actual duct external radius, mm;
b
0
the thickness of the insulating layer listed in Tables 5.4, 5.5 and 5.6, with applicable
piping sizes,mm;
thermal conductivity coefficient of replacement materials at the liquid applicable
temperatures, W/m.K.
d) Inlet and outlet air duct system insulation: inlet and outlet air ducts shall be affixed with an
insulating layer with thickness equal or greater than the thickness values specified in Table
2.11. No insulation is required for air exhausts.
e) Testing and calibration: fans or pumps with capacity of 5 HPs (3.7kW) or higher shall have
their designed flows calibrated in by calibrating speeds using multi-speed drives, twin-speed
drives or variable speed drives (VSDs). Adjustment of fan and pump flow using flow-
regulating valves shall be restricted.
f) Cooling tower fan control: heat extraction towers with fan motors of 5 HPs (3.7 kW) or
higher shall be equipped with multi-speed drives, twin-speed drives or variable speed drives
(VSDs).
g) Water cooling chiller system: water-cooled air conditioning systems shall be designed with
variable flow rates using pumps with variable speed drives.
h) Buildings with central air conditioning must be equipped with enthalpy recovery systems.
Equipment energy recovery efficiency shall be no smaller than 50%.
2) Supplementary requirements for mechanical ventilating and air conditioning systems
To be qualified, mechanical ventilating and air conditioning systems shall meet the following
additional requirements.
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a) CO
2
sensor: installed to increase the inlet air flow for standard zones with design area of less
than 3 m
2
/occupant.
b) Automatic timer: intermittent ventilating fans shall be equipped with timers or automatic
controls that are able to set their own on/off and operational timings.
c) Piping welding and joining: inlet and circulating air ducts shall meet the requirements for
joining air and fluid piping in line with existing regulations.
Table 2.6. Coefficient of performance for direct electric air conditioners
Type of equipment Cooling output
Min COP of air
conditioners.
kW/kW
Test procedures
Unitary air-conditioner
-
2.30
TCVN 7830:2012
and
TCVN 6307:1997
Split air-conditioner
<4.5 kW
2.60
> 4.5 kW and < 7.0 kW
2.50
> 7.0 kW and < 14.0
kW
2.40
Air-cooled air-
conditioner
>14.0 kW and < 19 kW
2.93
TCVN 6307:1997
or
ARI 210/240
> 19 kW and < 40 kW 3.02
ARI 340/360
> 40 kW and < 70 kW 2.84
> 70 kW and < 117 kW 2.78
> 117 kW 2.70
Water-cooled and
evaporating air-
conditioner
<19 kW 3.35 ARI 210/240
>19 kW and <40 kW 3.37
ARI 340/360
> 40 kW and < 70 kW 3.32
> 70 kW 2.70
Air-cooled condenser
units
> 40 kW 2.96
ARI 365
ARI 365
Water-cooled or
evaporating condenser
units
> 40 kW
3.84
Unofficial translation - QCVN 09: 2013/BXD
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Notes:
1) Coefficient of performance of air-conditioners: COP = refrigerant output/power input (kW/ kW);
2) Condenser units, including the compressor and condenser coils;
3) Minimum coefficients of performance listed in the Table are calculated at 100% of refrigerant
output. To calculate the coefficient of performance for AC units running for one year, ARI 340/360 uses
the following equation:
IEER = 0.020A + 0.617B + 0.238C + 0.125D (W/W)
where,
IEER Integrated energy efficiency ratio: coefficient of performance of AC units running for one
year at various loads.
A = EER coefficient of performance of the AC unit (W/W) at full load;
B = EER coefficient of performance of the AC unit (W/W) at 75% load;
C = EER coefficient of performance of the AC unit (W/W) at 50% load;
D = EER coefficient of performance of the AC unit (W/W) at 25% load.
Table 2.7. Coefficient of performance for chillers
Type of equipment
Cooling output (kW) Chiller
coefficient of
performance.
COP
MIN
. kW/kW
Input energy
consumption
PIC
MAX
. kW/RT
Electricity Heat
Air-cooled chiller, electric
Attached or separated
condenser
All capacities 3.10 1.133 -
Reciprocating water-cooled
chiller, electric
All capacities 4.20 0.836 -
Water-cooled rotary
screw/scroll chiller, electric
< 528 4.45 0.789 -
528 and < 1055 4.90 0.717 -
1055 5.50 0.639 -
Centrifugal water-cooled
chiller, electric
< 528 5.00 0.702 -
528 and < 1055 5.55 0.633 -
1055 6.10 0.576 -
Air-cooled absorption
chiller,
single effect
All capacities 0.60 (*) - 5.860
Water-cooled absorption
chiller, double effects
All capacities 0.70 (*) - 5.022
Absorber chiller, double
effects, indirectly fired
All capacities 1.00 (*) - 3.516
Absorber chiller, double
effects, directly fired
All capacities 1.00 (*) - 3.516
Notes:
1) Source: ASHRAE Standard 90,1-2001; ASHRAE Standard 90,1-2004;
2) (*) For absorption chillers, COP = Cooling output/Heat input;
- Power input consumption: PIC = electricity input/cooling output in RT;
- Refrigerant Ton (RT):1RT = 3.516 kW = 12000 Btu/h;
3) To calculate the coefficient of performance for chillers operating in one year, ARI 550/590-2003
provides the following equation:
IPLV = 0.01A + 0.42B + 0.45C + 0.12D (kW/kW)
where,
IEER Integrated energy efficiency ratio: coefficient of performance of cooling equipment for
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the accumulated operational time in one year on various loads.
A COP (kW/kW) at full load;
B COP (kW/kW) at 75% load;
C COP (kW/kW) at 50% load;
D COP (kW/kW) at 25% load.
Table 2.8a. Performance specifications for cooling towers
Type of
equipment
Cooling
output
range
Rating criteria
Rated specifications
Test
procedure
Water flow
throughput
Supplementary
water flow
Fan
output
Cooling
tower with
draft fans
and
centrifugal
fans
All
capacities
Input water
temperature:37
0
C
Output water
temperature:
32
0
C
Moist air
temperature:27
0
C
13
l/minute,
Tc
1.0 1.4 %
Water flow
through
condenser
35 40
W/Tc
CTI
Notes:
1) CTI Cooling Technology Institute;
2) Tc: condenser ton; Tc = RT 1.25 = 3.516 1.25 = 4.395 Kw.
Table 2.8b. Required specifications for condenser units
Type of
equipment
Cooling
output
range
Rating
criteria
Rated specifications
Test
procedure
Wind flow Fan Compressor
Air-cooled
condenser
units, with
compressor
0.5500
RT
Input air
temperature:
35
0
C
1734
m3/minute
RT
75150
W/RT
1.01.3
kW/RT
CTC
Water-cooled
condenser units
101600
RT
Input water
temperature:
29.4
0
C
Output water
temperature:
35
0
C
Water flow
9.08 11.40 l/minute RT
CTC
Notes:
CTC Cooling towers and condensers
HVAC Equations, Data and Rules of Thumb, 2008, USA.
Table 2.9. Thickness of insulation for copper refrigerant conduits
Copper conduit
diameter, mm
Air conditioned space
Applicable conditions: t=26 2
o
C, = 60%
Refrigerant temperature
o
C
2 -18 -30
Unofficial translation - QCVN 09: 2013/BXD
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Insulation thickness, mm
616 9 19 19
1925 9 19 19
3454 9 19 25
6680 13 19 25
105 - - 25
Copper conduit
diameter
mm
Non-air conditioned space
Applicable conditions: t =2632
o
C, = 85%
Refrigerant temperature
o
C
2 -18 -30
Insulation thickness, mm
616 25 38 50
1925 32 50 50
3454 32 50 57
6680 32 50 64
105 - - 70
Copper conduit
diameter
mm
Applicable conditions: t = 3237
o
C, = 60%
Refrigerant temperature
o
C
2 -18 -30
Insulation thickness, mm
616 25 38 50
1925 32 50 50
3454 32 50 64
6680 32 57 70
105 - - 76
Notes:
1) t Exterior air temperature,
o
C;
2) The above insulation thickness applies to copper refrigerant (fluid, gas) conduits;
3) The thickness of the insulation (mm) given in the Table apply to insulating materials with thermal
conductivity within a range of 0.032 0.04 W/m.K at an average temperature of 24C. The
minimum thickness of the insulating layer shall increase with materials having thermal conductivity
higher than 0.04 W/m.K or decrease with materials having thermal conductivity less than 0.032
W/m.K and is adjusted using equation (5.1).
Table 2.10. Thickness of insulation for cooled water conduits
Steel pipe diameter, mm
Air conditioned space
Applicable conditions: t=26 2
o
C, = 60%
Cooled water temperature,
o
C
712
Insulation thickness, mm
2050 16
5075 16
75150 19
150250 19
250600 25
Steel pipe diameter, mm
Non-air conditioned space
Applicable conditions: t =2637
o
C, = 85%
Cooled water temperature,
o
C
712
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Insulation thickness, mm
2050 25
5075 25
75150 30
150250 30
250600 38
Notes:
1) For steel pipes with diameters listed in the table being rated diameters (IPS - Iron pipe
standard);
2) The insulation thickness of steel pipes may apply also to PE, PPR and PN16 plastic pipes. In case
of PE and PPR plastic pipes, the diameter values listed in the Table are outside diameters.
3) The thickness of the insulating layer (mm) given in Table 5.5 apply to insulating materials with
thermal conductivity within a range of 0.032 0.04 W/m.K at an average temperature of
24C. The minimum thickness of the insulating layer shall increase with materials having
thermal conductivity higher than 0.04 W/m.K or decrease with materials having thermal
conductivity less than 0.032 W/m.K and is adjusted using equation (2.1).
Table 2.11. Thickness of insulation for air ducts
Air conditioned space
Applicable conditions: t=26 2
o
C, = 60%
Cooled air temperature,
o
C 1216
Insulation thickness, mm 15
Non-air conditioned space
Applicable conditions: t =2637
o
C, = 85%
Cooled air temperature,
o
C 1216
Insulation thickness, mm 20
Notes:
The thickness of insulation (mm) given in the Table apply to porous polymer, close-compartment
structured insulating materials with thermal conductivity within a range of 0.032 0.04 W/m.K at
a mean temperature of 24C. The minimum thickness of insulation shall increase with materials
having thermal conductivity higher than 0.04 W/m.K or decrease with materials having thermal
conductivity less than 0.032 W/m.K and is adjusted using equation (2.1).
2.3. Lighting
2.3.1 General provision
1) Scope
This section provides limits for the maximum allowable lighting output needed for the building
lighting system as well as limits on the acceptable performance of commonly used lighting
components (lamps and ballasts) and lighting control systems. The following categories do not fall
under the requirements of this section:
a) Lighting designed for theatrical performance, television shows, different parts of recreation
facilities, including hotel ballrooms, dance clubs, and areas where lighting is a vital technical
part of the show functions;
b) Specialized medical lighting;
c) Special lighting for research laboratories;
d) Safety lighting that automatically switches on and off during operation;
e) Lighting in special security zones as required by the law or local governments;
f) Safety or security zones for humans that need auxiliary lighting.
Unofficial translation - QCVN 09: 2013/BXD
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2) Minimum illuminance
The minimum illuminance (lux) for functional spaces shall meet the requirements of prevailing
technical standards.
3) Maximum lighting power density
a) The mean lighting power density (LDP) of an entire building shall not exceed the maximum
allowed limits listed in Table 2.12. The mean lighting power density of a building equals the
total lighting output of the building divided by the total occupied area.
Table 2.12. Mandatory requirements for lighting power density (LPD)
Type of building LPD (W/m
2
)
Offices
11
Hotels
11
Hospitals
13
Schools
13
Commercial and services buildings
16
Apartments
8
Enclosed, in-house, basement car parks 3
Outdoor or open (roofed only) car parks 1.6
b) Other types of buildings with sizes subject to the restrictions of this Code but not listed in
Table 2.12 above may apply maximum values of lighting power density of up to 13 W/m
2
.
c) For mixed-use buildings with sizes subject to the restrictions of this Code and various
different functional areas, the functional use of each area shall be accounted for, with each
of the areas complying with the maximum lighting power density values listed in Table 2.12
above.
d) The mean lighting power density for parking lots is calculated by dividing the total lighting
power by the gross area of the parking lot.
2.3.2 Requirements on lighting equipment performance
1) Minimum lamp performance is defined in Tables 2.13 and 2.14.
Table 2.13. Minimum illuminating performance of linear fluorescent lamps
Rated lamp power, W Rated illumination efficiency, lm/W
14-20 72
20-40 78
Table 2.14. Minimum illuminating performance of compact fluorescent lamps
Rated lamp power, W Rated illumination performance, lm/W
5-8 55
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9-14 60
15-24 65
25-60 70
2) Ballast efficacy values are listed in Table 2.15.
Table 2.15. Electronic ballast efficacy
Nominal output, W Ballast efficacy factor (BEF), %/W
18 5.518
20 5.049
22 4.619
30 3.281
32 3.043
36 2.681
40 2.473
2.3.3 Lighting controls
1) Lighting controls for different building spaces
Every space enclosed with ceiling-height partitions is a separate space that needs at least one lighting
control device. Each of these lighting control devices shall be actuated manually or by automatic
sensors for occupants in such space. Each control device must:
a) Cover a maximum floor area of 100 m
2
b) The spaces specified in Table 2.16 shall to be installed with occupancy sensors, which directly
connect to and control the lighting system. Occupancy sensors controlling lamps shall not be
connected to the exit lighting and security lighting systems.
Table 2.16. Buildings for which occupancy sensors are required
Type of building Application To be used in
Offices Mandatory Conference rooms and
passageways
Hotels Mandatory Conference rooms and
passageways
Hospitals Optional
Schools Mandatory
In-house parking lots and
passageways
Commercial and services
buildings
Optional
Apartments Mandatory
Passageways and in-house parking
lots
d) For parking lots, at least 70% of the lighting system shall be controlled through occupancy
sensors (proportion of the system in terms of lighting consumption power).
2) Controls for day-lit areas
Artificial lighting designs for day-lit enclosed spaces need to take into account the following
considerations:
a) Potentially day-lit areas are spaces parallel to windows/exterior glazing within a distance
from the window/exterior glazing of up to 1.5 times the height from the floor to the tip of
the window glass area or exterior glazing.
Unofficial translation - QCVN 09: 2013/BXD
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b) All lighting equipment in potentially day-lit areas may be installed with lighting control
devices in ways that allow:
- Automatic photosensor to be used to control lamp dimming or turn lamps on and off
depending on the level of natural illuminance received. Photosensor shall be positioned at
half the depth of potentially day-lit areas. When natural light measured by the sensors at
beyond the standard preset level for the occupant space (e.g. 300 lux for offices), the sensors
should trigger lamp switch-off.
- Stand-alone lamps to be turned on at potentially day-lit areas independently from the public
lighting system.
c) In respect of the design for areas using concurrently occupancy sensors and photosensors,
the occupancy sensors shall be prioritized over photosensors for lighting control.
d) Hospitals, apartment buildings and hotel rooms are not mandatorily required to apply the
requirements of 2.3.3.
e) Spaces designed for special uses are exempted from the requirements of 2.3.3 2), providing
that the designer presents detailed justification.
3) Auxiliary lighting controls
Auxiliary controls for light on/off switching installed in fixed positions underneath decks, shelves,
cabinets and so on shall be used in the following events:
a) Lighting for hotel, guesthouse rooms and luxurious guestrooms;
b) Display lighting in shops or for demonstration.
2.4. Escalators and elevators
2.4.1 Escalators
Escalators must be fitted with controls to reduce speed or to stop when no traffic is detected.
Escalators shall be designed with energy savings features as described below:
1) Reduced speed control: the escalator shall change to a slower speed when no activity has
been detected for a period of a maximum of three minutes. Detection shall be by photocell
activation at the top and bottom landing areas.
2) Use on demand: the escalator shall shut down when no activity has been detected for a
period of a maximum of fifteen minutes. Use on demand escalators must be designed with
energy efficient soft start technology. The escalator shall start automatically when required.
The activation shall be by photocells installed in the top and bottom landing areas.
2.4.2 Elevators (lifts)
Elevators (lifts) must be provided with controls to reduce the energy demand. To meet this
requirement, the following features must be incorporated in traction drive elevators:
1) Use of AC Variable-Voltage and Variable-Frequency drives on non-hydraulic elevators.
2) The lift car uses energy-efficient lighting and display lighting i.e. an average lamp efficacy,
across all fittings in the car, of >55 lamp lumens/circuit watt and lighting switches off after
the lift has been inactive for a maximum period of five minutes.
3) Elevators shall operate in a stand-by condition during off-peak periods. For example, the
power side of the lift controller and other operating equipment such as lift car lighting, user
displays and ventilation fans switch off when the lift has been inactive for a maximum period
of five minutes.
2.5. Electric power consumption
2.5.1 Electrical distribution system
1) Measurement
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Building electrical distribution system shall be equipped with attached metering instruments to
record energy demand (kVA), power consumption (kWh), and total loads on electricity meters.
Electrical distribution systems in buildings shall be designed so that energy consumption at end-use
loads can be check-metered. Check-metering is required for load facilities with total installed power
consumption of over 100 kVA, including lighting and socket outlets, air conditioning system,
ventilation, hot water system and other load centers of over 100 kVA.
2) Submetering
Sub-metering for each tenant and a provision to permit check-metering the tenant load shall be in
place.
Notes: Shared (central) air-conditioning systems need not meet these tenant check-metering
requirements.
3) Power factor correction
All 3-phase electricity supplies exceeding 100 A shall maintain a power factor between 0.90 lag and
unity at the point of connection.
4) Adjustment of installed power
Electrical systems in a building shall be estimated, designed and operated to provide the maximum
concurrent load factor possible as specified in Table 2.17 and the highest allowed installed power as
specified in Table 2.18.
Table 2.17. Maximum concurrent load factor ks, by points of use
End-use load Concurrent load factor k
s
Lighting 0.9
Socket outlets 0.4
Air conditioning, ventilation 0.9
Hot water system 0.9
Other major load centers 0.9
Entire building 0.8
Table 2.18. Maximum allowed installed power
Type of building Installed power, W/m
2
Upscale apartment buildings 70
Hotels 80
Offices, public use buildings 75
Commercial, service, public service buildings 65
Schools, hospitals 65
2.5.2 Electric motors
All permanently wired 3-phase induction motors that are used in the building shall have a nominal
full-load motor efficacy of no less than the values required in Table 2.19. The manufacturers labels
on the motors must provide minimum efficacy, nominal efficacy and outputs at full load.
Table 2.19. Minimum efficacy for electric motors
Motor output, kW
kW
Required efficacy, %
2-pole 4-pole
Unofficial translation - QCVN 09: 2013/BXD
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1.1 82.2 83.8
1.5 84.1 85.0
2.2 85.6 86.4
3.0 86.7 87.4
4.0 87.6 88.3
5.5 88.5 89.2
7.5 89.5 90.1
11.0 90.6 91.0
15.0 91.3 91.8
18.5 91.8 92.2
22.0 92.2 92.6
30.0 92.9 93.2
37.0 93.3 93.6
45.0 93.7 93.9
55.0 94.0 94.2
75.0 94.6 94.7
90.0 95.3 95.1
110.0 95.4 95.6
132.0 95.5 95.7
160.0 95.8 95.8
200.0 96.1 95.9
250.0 96.2 96.1
280.0 96.3 96.4
315.0 96.4 96.5
355.0 96.5 96.6
400.0 96.7 96.7
450.0 96.7 96.8
500.0 96.8 96.9
560.0 96.9 97.0
630.0 96.9 97.1
Notes: Motors with outputs in between two numbers shall adopt
the higher efficacy value.
2.6.Service water heating system
2.6.1 General requirements
Designed loads for service water heating systems shall be calculated based on system sizing and
follow the manufacturers recommendations.
In case other (non-resistance) service water heating solutions of higher efficiency are available,
resistance-based service water heating systems shall not be allowed.
QCVN 09:2013/BXD
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Buildings in need of high, concentrated service water heating with installation input of over 50 kW or
power consumption of over 50,000 kWh/year are not allowed to use resistance-based service water
heating solutions.
Order of priority for civil buildings:
1) Temperature range 60
o
C
a) Service water heating using heat recovery air conditioning;
b) Service water heating using solar power combined with heat pumps/electric heaters;
c) Service water heating using heat pumps;
d) Service water heating using gas water heaters;
e) Service water heating using electric heaters for buildings with less than 25 rooms.
2) Temperature range 115
o
C (cooking, washing, disinfection, sauna)
For buildings in concurrent needs of hot water of 60
0
C (for household uses) and hot water/steam of
115
0
C (for cooking, laundering, sauna and disinfection), priorities shall be given to water heating up
to 60
0
C, before further heating the water or steam up to 115
0
C using gas or fuel oil-fired heaters.
2.6.2 Water heating equipment efficacy
All water heating and supply equipment used internally for heating potable water, keeping warm,
hot swimming pool and hot water storage tanks shall meet the requirements listed in Table 2.20. For
heat pump water heaters, refer to Table 2.21.
Table 2.20.Minimum efficacy for water heating equipment
Equipment type Minimum efficiency ET, %
1. Gas-fired storage water heaters 78
2. Gas-fired instantaneous water heaters 78
3. Gas-fired hot water supply boilers 77
4. Fuel oil-fired hot water heaters and supply systems 80
5. Duel fuel gas/oil-fired hot water supply boilers 80
6. Firewood/paper-fired boiler of 10350 kW output 60*)
7. Boilers of 102000 kW, burnt with molded brown coal 70*)
8.Pitcoal-fired boilers of 102000 kW 73*)
Notes:
1. The minimum efficiency for oil or gas-fired water heaters is given in terms of Thermal efficiency
(ET), which includes thermal losses from the heater shell.
2. *) According to DIN 4702 Part 1 (DIN German standards).
Efficacy for electric resistance-based water heaters in particular is given in terms of maximum
Standby loss (SL), where a 40C temperature difference between stored water and ambient
requirements exists, and is determined using the equation:
E
min
= 5.9 + 5.3V0.5, W (2.2)
Where
-V is volume in liters.
Table 2.21. Minimum coefficient of performance - COP for water heating heat pumps
Equipment type COP, kW/kW
Air-heated heat pumps 3.0
Water-heated heat pumps 3.5
Heat recovery air conditioners
Unofficial translation - QCVN 09: 2013/BXD
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- Hot water supply only
- Air conditioning and hot water supply
3.0
5.5
Electric resistance-based water heating equipment is not recommended except for supporting solar
power systems. Electric heat pump water heating equipment with higher energy efficiency than
electric resistance-based water heaters is recommended.
Where eligible, solar powered service water heating systems may be used to meet all or part of
water heating needs for the building. Solar powered water heaters shall have at least 60% efficacy
and minimum thermal insulation R of 2.2 m
2
.K/W at the back of the solar panels.
2.6.3 Service water heating piping insulation
The following hot water piping shall be insulated.
1) Steam piping serving such needs as laundry, cooking etc.
2) Hot water piping for bath, keeping warm, cooking etc.
The insulation thickness of the piping shall be equal or greater than the insulation thicknesses listed
in Tables 2.22 and 2.23.
Table 2.22. Insulation thickness for hot water steel piping
Pipe size
Air temperature; t = 5 37
o
C
Hot water temperature (
o
C)
115 5090
mm Insulation thickness (mm)
2050 50 20
6580 50 20
90150 63 25
200250 63 25
Notes:
1. Insulating materials shall have conductivity of 0.06 0.07 W/m.K, applicable to 115
o
C.
2. Closed particle structured, porous polymer insulating materials with thermal conductivity of
0.032 0.04 W/m.K adopt the temperature range of 5090
o
C.
3. The insulation thicknesses in Table 2.22 shall ensure that the exterior temperature is lower
than 43
o
C.
4. For insulating materials with conductivity outside the above mentioned range, the minimum
thickness (b
min
) is determined using equation (2.1).
Table 2.23. Insulation thickness for PPR, PE hot water piping
Outer diameter of PN20/ PN25 plastic pipes
Conductivity 0.2 W/mK
Air temperature; t = 5 37
o
C
mm
Hot water temperature (
o
C)
5090
20 50 16
QCVN 09:2013/BXD
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65 19
80 125 25
Notes:
1) For residential buildings, insulation may be optional for PPR hot piping.
2) Insulating materials shall maintain conductivity of 0.034 0.04 W/m.K.
3) For insulating materials with conductivity outside the above mentioned range, the minimum
thickness (b
min
) is determined using formula (2.1).
2.6.4 Service water heating system controls
1) Temperature controls shall be provided to limit point-of-use water temperatures not to
exceed 50C.
2) Temperature controls shall be provided to limit the maximum temperature of water
delivered to wash basin faucets in public restrooms up to 43C.
3) Systems designed to maintain usage temperatures in hot water pipes shall be equipped with
automatic ON/OFF switches that can be set to maintain desirable temperatures for
recirculating hot water.
4) Recirculating pumps used to maintain storage tank water temperatures shall be controlled in
ways to operate in harmony with the operating mode of the service water supply system.
III.MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS
3.1. Design documentations of newly developed, reconditioned and retrofitted buildings with sizes
subject to the scope of QCVN 09:2013/BXD shall include a narrative demonstration of compliance
with the requirements of this Code.
3.2. Review and assessment of building designs shall be done in accordance with prevailing rules,
including verification of compliance with the requirements of QCVN 09:2013/BXD for buildings that
fall under the scope of this Code.
IV.IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGMENT
4.1. The Department of Science,-Technology and Environment (Ministry of Construction) is
responsible for popularizing and providing the implementation guidelines for QCVN 09:2013/BXD to
interested parties.
4.2. Local regulators shall monitor compliance with the requirements of QCVN 09:2013/BXD for
building design and construction works taking place in their jurisdictions and in accordance with the
existing laws.
4.3. Any concerns that may arise during the adoption of this Code may be relayed to the Department
of Science, Technology and Environment (Ministry of Construction) for guidance and responses.
Unofficial translation - QCVN 09: 2013/BXD
24
ANNEXES
(For reference)
PHYSICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF MATERIALS, COMPOSITION AND THERMAL RESISTANCE
CALCULATION FOR ENCLOSING ASSEMBLIES
1. Equation for the calculation of thermal resistance and overall heat transfer coefficient (U-value)
of enclosing assembly
T
a
n
i
i
N
o
h
R
b
h
R
1 1
1
+ + + =
, m2.K/W (1)
where:
h
N
, h
T
respectively, the heat transfer coefficients of outer and inner surfaces of building
envelope, W/m
2
.K ;
bi - thickness of i
th
material layer, m;
i - thermal conductivity of the i
th
material layer of the enclosing assembly, W/m.K;
n - number of material layers in the enclosing assembly;
Ra - thermal resistance of the air layer inside the enclosing assembly, if any, m
2
.K/W .
o
o
R
U
1
=
, W/m2.K (2)
where:
Thermal conductivity
I
listed in Table 1.
See Table 3 for h
N
and h
T
.
See Table 4 for the thermal resistance of air layer R
a
.
2. Key parameters needed for building envelope calculations
Table 1. Physical specifications of building materials
Name of materials
Unit
weight
, kg/m
3
Thermal
conductivity
,W/m.K
Specific
heat
capacity,
kJ/kg.K
Moisture
conductivity
mg/m.h.kP
a
I. Asbestos-based materials
Asbestos-cement boards and panels
1900 0.35 0.84 0.03
Asbestos-cement insulating boards
500 0.13 0.84 0.39
Asbestos-cement insulating boards
300 0.09 0.84 -
II. Concrete panels
Steel-net cement roof tile
2500 - 0.84 0.00
Reinforced concrete
2400 1.55 0.84 0.03
Broken rock and macadam concrete
2200 1.28 1.21 0.05
Broken brick concrete
1800 0.87 0.84 0.07
Light concrete (cinder concrete)
1500 0.70 0.80 0.09
Light concrete (cinder concrete)
1200 0.52 0.75 0.11
Light concrete (cinder concrete)
1000 0.41 0.75 0.14
Heat absorbing sponge concrete
1000 0.40 0.84 0.08
Heat absorbing sponge concrete
800 0.29 0.84 0.08
Heat absorbing sponge concrete
600 0.21 0.84 0.13
Heat absorbing sponge concrete
400 0.15 0.84 0.20
QCVN 09:2013/BXD
25
Heat absorbing silicate sponge concrete
800 0.29 0.84 0.18
Heat absorbing silicate sponge concrete
600 0.21 0.84 0.21
Heat absorbing silicate sponge concrete
400 0.15 0.84 0.24
III. Gypsum-based materials
Drywall
1000 0.23 0.84 0.05
Pure gypsum boards and pieces
1000 0.41 0.84 0.11
Kiln cinder gypsum concrete
1000 0.37 0.80 0.15
IV. Terracotta materials, cushion materials, building brick blocks and coating layers
Rammed clay and clay bricks
2000 0.93 0.84 0.10
Adobe
1600 0.70 1.05 0.17
Underneath humus
1800 1.16 0.84 -
Dry sand used as a cushion material
1600 0.58 0.84 0.17
Cushion materials made of sifted dry humus
1400 0.52 0.84 0.19
Silicate soil used as a cushion layer
600 0.17 0.84 0.30
Common bricks laid with heavy mortar
1800 0.81 0.88 0.11
Common bricks laid with light mortar
1700 0.76 0.88 0.12
Silicate bricks laid with heavy mortar
1900 0.87 0.84 0.11
Multi-hole bricks ( = 1300) laid with light
mortar ( = 1400) 1350 0.58 0.88 0.15
Multi-hole bricks laid with heavy mortar
1300 0.52 0.88 -
Heavy mortar and coating cement mortar
1800 0.93 0.84 0.09
3-constituent mortar and 3-constituent coating
mortar 1700 0.87 0.84 0.10
Lime mortar
1600 0.81 0.84 0.12
V. Non-fired brick, autoclaved aerated concrete
AAC non-fired brick 400-900 0.12-0.13 - -
Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC lightweight
brick)
400-800 0.153 - -
Autoclaved aerated concrete brick 400-1000 0.11-0.22 - -
Autoclaved aerated concrete (Chinese standard
GB-11968:2006)
300 0.10 - -
400 0.12 - -
500 0.14 - -
600 0.16 - -
700 0.18 - -
800 0.20 - -
VI. Coal and cinder materials
Peat-based insulating board
225 0.07 1.67 0.19
Kiln cinder
1000 0.29 0.75 0.20
Kiln cinder
700 0.22 0.75 0.22
Blast furnace cinder in particle state
500 0.16 0.75 0.23
Cinder brick
1400 0.58 0.75 -
Light cinder mortar
1400 0.64 0.75 0.11
Light cinder mortar
1200 0.52 0.75 0.14
Unofficial translation - QCVN 09: 2013/BXD
26
External coating lime mortar
1600 0.87 0.84 0.14
Internal coating lime mortar
1600 0.70 0.84 0.14
External coating mortar for wood lath
1400 0.70 1.05 0.12
Internal coating mortar for wood lath
1400 0.52 1.05 0.12
Lime coating mortar mixed with slag
1200 0.47 0.80 0.14
Surface coating hard wood fiber board
700 0.23 1.47 0.08
VII. Scrolling materials
Quality paperboard
1000 0.23 1.47 -
Normal paperboard
700 0.17 1.47 -
Corrugated paperboard
150 0.06 1.47 -
Resin paper, bitumen paper
600 0.17 1.47 -
VIII. Agricultural products
Rice husk
250 0.21 1.88 -
Rush
400 0.14 1.47 -
Straw
320 0.09 1.51 -
Straw-based panel
300 0.10 1.47 -
Rush-based panel 1900
360 0.10 1.51 -
IX. Glass materials
Window glass
2500 0.78 0.84 0.00
Fiberglass
200 0.06 0.84 0.49
Vapor glass and bubble glass
500 0.16 0.84 0.02
Vapor glass and bubble glass
300 0.12 0.84 0.02
X. Wooden and cork materials
Pine and (cross the grain)
550 0.17 2.51 -
Pine and (along the grain)
550 0.35 2.51 0.32
Sawdust
250 0.09 2.51 0.26
Treated sawdust
300 0.13 2.30 0.26
Sawdust mixed with resin
300 0.12 1.88 0.25
Plywood
600 0.17 2.51 0.02
Fiberboard
600 0.16 2.51 0.11
-ditto
250 0.08 2.51 0.09
-ditto
150 0.06 2.51 0.34
Soft wood board (corkwood)
250 0.07 2.09 0.04
Boards made of corkwood waste
150 0.06 1.88 0.05
XI. Metals
Steel sheet metal
7850 58 0.48 0
Pig iron
7200 50 0.48 0
Aluminum
2600 220 0.48 0
XI. Other materials
Indoor matting (cotton rug)
150 0.06 1.88 0.34
QCVN 09:2013/BXD
27
Mineral cotton rug
200 0.07 0.75 0.49
Mineral cotton rug
250 0.08 0.75 0.45
Patterned silicate boards and patterned silicate
cement boards
600 0.23 2.30 -
Patterned silicate boards and patterned silicate
cement boards
400 0.16 2.30 -
Patterned silicate boards and patterned silicate
cement boards
250 0.12 2.30 -
Notes:
1 W/m.K=0.86 kcal/m.h.
o
C; 1 kJ/kg.K=0.24 kcal/kg.
o
C ;
For new building materials not listed in this table, designers may use other international standards.
Table 2. Solar heat gain coefficient of material surface
No Surface, materials and colors ratio
1. Materials
1 White paper 0.20
2 Dry peat 0.64
3 Particle ceramics 0.8 - 0.85
4 Cinder 0.81
2. Wall surface
5 Polished, bright colored limestone 0.35
6 Ditto, dark colored 0.50
7 Brownish yellow sandstone 0.54
8 Dark yellow sandstone 0.62
9 Red sandstone 0.73
10 Polished, white marble 0.30
11 Ditto, dark colored 0.65
12 Polished, light grey granite 0.55
13 Grey, polished granite 0.60
14 Enameled, white brick 0.26
15 Ditto, bright brown colored 0.55
16 Common, dusted bricks 0.77
17 Ditto, new red colored 0.70 - 0.74
18 Surface coating bricks, bright colored 0.45
19 Smooth, even concrete surface 0.54 - 0.65
20 Mortared surface, yellow-white painted 0.42
21 Ditto, dark colored 0.73
22 Ditto, white colored 0.40
23 Ditto, light blue colored 0.59
24 Ditto, light cement colored 0.47
25 Ditto, snow-white colored 0.32
26 Vapor silicate 0.56 - 0.59
27 Plain wood 0.59
28 Wood painted in dark colors 0.77
29 Wood painted in light yellow colors 0.60
30 Smooth polished bamboo 0.43
31 Normal bamboo 0.60
Unofficial translation - QCVN 09: 2013/BXD
28
3. Roofing surface
32 New, white fibrocement boards 0.42
33 Ditto, used for 6 months 0.61
34 Ditto, used for 12 months 0.71
35 Ditto, re-coated with cement water 0.59
36 Ditto, used for 6 years 0.83
37 Corrugated mineral cotton boards 0.61
38 Light brownish mineral cotton boards 0.53
39 Roofing oilpaper, coarse finish 0.91
40 Ditto, sprinkle-coated with mineral particles 0.84
41 Ditto, sprinkled with grey colored sand particles 0.88
42 Ditto, sprinkled with dark colored sand particles 0.90
43 Light colored sheet metal 0.26
44 Black sheet metal 0.86
45 Red or brown roof tile 0.65 - 0.72
46 Grey cement roof tile 0.65
47 Polished or white plated steel 0.45
48 Ditto, in blue color 0.76
49 Galvanized steel, new 0.30
50 Ditto, dusted 0.90
51 Unpolished aluminum 0.52
52 Polished aluminum 0.26
4. Paint coated surface
53 Painted in bright red (pink) color 0.52
54 Painted in blue color 0.64
55 Painted with cobalt-based materials, in bright blue color 0.58
56 Ditto, purple color 0.83
57 Painted in yellow 0.44
58 Painted in red 0.63
5. Sidewalk and road surface
59 New asphalt 0.89
60 Old asphalt 0.67
61 Cinder concrete 0.89
62 Granite macadam 0.80
63 Sand mixed with gravel 0.66
64 Wet sand 0.80
65 Granite rock and gravel 0.67
6. Transparent materials
66 Polyclovinil screen, thickness 0.1 mm 0.096
67 AFF polyamide screen, thickness 0.08 mm 0.164
68 Polyethylene screen, thickness 0.085 mm 0.109
69 7 mm-thick glass 0.076
70 4,5 mm-thick door glass 0.04
71 6 mm-thick glass with heat absorbing surface 0.306
72 17 mm-thick imaging glass 0.02
73 1.2 mm-thick colorless organic glass 0.123
74 Ditto, yellow colored, 2.7 mm in thickness 0.46
75 Ditto, blue colored, 1.4 mm in thickness 0.34
QCVN 09:2013/BXD
29
o
o
- L p va tr t =15 mm o
15 105 15
- L p va tr t =15 mm
- G ch t st nung =105 mm
Table 3. Surface heat transfer coefficient of envelope structures h, W/m
2
.K
(in accordance with TCVN 298:2003 and ISO 6946:1996 standards)
Name of coefficient
Heat flux direction
Horizontal
(for walls)
Upward
(for roofing)
Downward
(for roofing)
Outer surface heat
transfer coefficient hN,
W/m
2
.K
25 25 25
Inner surface heat
transfer coefficient hT,
W/m
2
.K
7.692 10 5.882
Table 4. Thermal resistance of unventilated air layer Ra, m
2
.K/W
(in accordance with TCVN 298:2003 and ISO 6946:1996 standards)
Air layer
thickness, mm
Heat flux direction
Horizontal
(for vertical air layer)
Upward
(for horizontal air layer)
Downward
(for horizontal air layer)
0 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 0.11 0.11 0.11
7 0.13 0.13 0.13
10 0.15 0.15 0.15
15 0.17 0.16 0.17
25 0.18 0.16 0.19
50 0.18 0.16 0.21
100 0.18 0.16 0.22
300 0.18 0.16 0.23
Notes: Intermediate values may be determined using linear interpolation.
3. Select common exterior wall and roof designs, and total thermal resistance R
o
may be calculated
using equation (1).
3.1. WALLS
T1. Single-leaf wall (conventional thickness: 110 mm), fireclay solid
bricks
Unofficial translation - QCVN 09: 2013/BXD
30
105 15
6
0
1
0
- L p va tr t =15 mm
- G ch t st nung =105 mm
o
o
- Va ch n m ch =10 mm o
- G ch t st nung =105 mm o
- L p va tr t =15 mm o
10 105 15
- G ch rng =105 mm
15 105 15
- L p va tr t =15 mm o
- L p va tr t =15 mm o
o
No Material layers, outside in
Thickness,
m
Thermal
conductivity,
, W/(m.K)
Total
thermal
resistance
R
o
,
m
2
.K/W
Qualified or not
qualified for Code
requirements
1 Exterior plaster 0.015 0.93
0.332
R
o
<0.56 m
2
.K/W
Not qualified!
2
Fireclay solid brick and heavy
(cement) mortar brickwork
0.105 0.81
3 Interior plaster 0.015 0.93
T2. One brick thick wall (conventional thickness: 220 mm), fireclay solid bricks
No Material layers, outside in
Thickness,
m
Thermal
conductivity,
, W/(m.K)
Total
thermal
resistance
R
o
,
m
2
.K/W
Qualified or not
qualified for Code
requirements
1 Exterior plaster 0.015 0.93
0.474
R
o
<0.56 m
2
.K/W
Not qualified!
2
Fireclay solid brick and heavy
(cement) mortar brickwork
0.220 0.81
3 Interior plaster 0.015 0.93
T3. Single-leaf wall (conventional thickness: 110 mm), fireclay hollow bricks
- Plaster =15 mm
- Fireclay bricks =105 mm
- Joint mortar =10 mm
- Fireclay bricks =105 mm
- Plaster =15 mm
- Plaster =15 mm
- Hollow bricks =105 mm
- Plaster =15 mm
- Plaster =15 mm
- Fireclay bricks =105 mm
- Plaster =15 mm
QCVN 09:2013/BXD
31
10 105 15 105 15
6
0
1
0
- L p va tr t =15 mm o
- G ch rng =105 mm o
- V a ch n m ch =10 mm o
- G ch rng =105 mm o
- L p va tr t =15 mm o
15 105 15
- L p va tr t =15 mm o
- L p va tr t =15 mm o
- Bl c b tng nh =105 mm o
No Material layers, outside in
Thickness,
m
Thermal
conductivity,
, W/(m.K)
Total thermal
resistance R
o
,
m
2
.K/W
Qualified or not
qualified for Code
requirements
1 Exterior plaster 0.015 0.93
0.383
R
o
<0.56 m
2
.K/W
Not qualified!
2
Hollow bricks ( = 1300) and light
plaster ( = 1400) brickwork
0.105 0.58
3 Interior plaster 0.015 0.93
T4. Calculating thermal resistance for one brick thick walls (conventional thickness: 20 mm),
fireclay hollow bricks
No Material layers, outside in
Thickness,
m
Thermal
conductivity,
, W/(m.K)
Total
thermal
resistance
R
o
,
m
2
.K/W
Qualified or not qualified
for Code requirements
1 Exterior plaster 0.015 0.93
0.584
or
0.625
R
o
>0.56 m
2
.K/W
Qualified
or
Qualified and over
qualified
2
Hollow bricks ( = 1300) and light
mortar ( = 1400) brickwork
or
Multi-hole bricks with heavy
(cement) mortar brickwork
0.220
0.58
or
0.52
3 Interior plaster 0.015 0.93
T5. Brick, porous concrete and single-leaf walls (conventional thickness: 110 mm)
- Plaster =15 mm
- Hollow bricks =105 mm
- Joint mortar =10 mm
- Hollow bricks=105 mm
- Plaster =15 mm
- Plaster =15 mm
- Autoclaved lightweight concrete=105 mm
- Plaster =15 mm
Unofficial translation - QCVN 09: 2013/BXD
32
10 105 15 105 15
- L p va tr t =15 mm
- Bl c b tng nh =105 mm
o
o
- Va ch n m ch =10 mm o
- L p va tr t =15 mm o
- Bl c b tng nh =105 mm o
6
0
1
0
No Material layers, outside in
Thickness,
m
Thermal
conductivity,
, W/(m.K)
Total
thermal
resistance
R
o
,
m
2
.K/W
Qualified or not
qualified for Code
requirements
1 Exterior plaster 0.015 0.93
0.486
R
o
<0.56 m
2
.K/W
Not qualified!
2 Porous concrete bricks 0.105 0.37
3 Interior plaster 0.015 0.93
T6. Brick, porous concrete and one brick thick walls (conventional thickness: 220 mm)
No Material layers, outside in
Thickness,
m
Thermal
conductivity,
, W/(m.K)
Total
thermal
resistance
R
o
,
m
2
.K/W
Qualified or not
qualified for Code
requirements
1 Exterior plaster 0.015 0.93
0.797
R
o
>0.56 m
2
.K/W
Qualified and over
qualified
2 Porous concrete bricks 0.220 0.37
3 Interior plaster 0.015 0.93
T7. 3D 180 mm thick panels
No Material layers, outside in Thickness, m
Thermal
conductivi
ty, ,
W/(m.K)
Total
thermal
resistance
R
o
,
m
2
.K/W
Qualified or not qualified
for Code requirements
1 Exterior plaster 0.015 0.93 0.81 1.56
15 502050 15
c l - i thp
- L p va tr t =15 mm o
- L p xi m ng c t =50 mm o
- Tm pol ystyrol =20 - 50 mm o
c l - i thp
- L p xi m ng c t =50 mm o
- L p va tr t =15 mm o
- Plaster=15 mm
- Sand cement layer, with steel mesh =50 mm
- Polystyrol panel =20-50 mm
- Sand cement layer, with steel mesh =50 mm
- Plaster=15 mm
- Plaster=15 mm
- Autoclaved lightweight concrete =105 mm
- Joint mortar =10 mm
- Autoclaved lightweight concrete=105 mm
- Plaster =15 mm
QCVN 09:2013/BXD
33
- G ch l nem 200 200 15 mm
- V a l t =10 mm o
- G ch chng nng 200 200 105 mm, =105 mm o
- V a xi m ng l - i thp chng thm =20 mm o
- B tng ct thp m i =120 mm o
- V a tr t trn =15 mm o
2
Cement, sand and steel mesh
3D panels
0.05 0.93
R
o
>0.56 m
2
.K/W
Qualified and over
qualified
or excessively over
qualified
3
Porous polystyrol insulating
layer
0.02 0.05 0.04
4
Cement, sand and steel mesh
3D panels
0.05 0.93
5 Interior plaster 0.015 0.93
Notes: The total thermal resistance of exterior walls is calculated using the heat transfer coefficient of
the exterior surface - hN= 25 W/m2.K and heat transfer coefficient of the interior surface - hT= 7,692
W/m2.K see Table 3, Annexes.
3.2. ROOF
M1. Roofing with a 105 mm thick hollow brick insulating layer
No Material layers, top down
Thickne
ss, m
Thermal
conductivity
, , W/(m.K)
Total
thermal
resistance
R
o
,
m
2
.K/W
Qualified or not
qualified for Code
requirements
1 Terra cotta tile 0.015 0.81
0.640
R
o
< 1.0 m
2
.K / W
Not qualified
2 Tile plaster 0.01 0.93
3 Fireclay tile (continuous parts) 0.105 0.81
4 Fireclay tile (partition walls) 0.053 0.81
5
Aerated hollow holes, Ra = 0.22 m
2
. K
/ W
0.053
6 Vertical plaster lining 0.105 0.93
7 Cement and steel mesh plaster 0.02 0.93
8 Reinforced concrete 0.12 1.55
9 Interior plaster 0.015 0.93
M2. Roofing with a 105 mm thick hollow brick insulating layer and 150 mm thick porous concrete
=1000 kg/m3
With composition similar to the M1 roof, but with an additional 150 mm thick lightweight concrete
porous concrete layer =1000 kg/m3 - =0.41 W/(m.K) on top of the heat insulating tiles, resulting in
a total thermal resistance of the M2 roof of Ro=1.006 m
2
.K/W qualified.
- Terra cotta tile 200x200x15 mm
- Tiling mortar =10 mm
- Heat resistant brick 200x200x105 mm, =105 mm
- Damp resistant steel mesh cement mortar =20 mm
- Roof reinforced concrete =120 mm
- Ceiling plaster =15 mm
Unofficial translation - QCVN 09: 2013/BXD
34
- G ch l nem 200 200 15 mm
- V a l t =10 mm o
- Tm xp pol ystyrol =30 mm o
- V a xi m ng =5 mm o
- Xi m ng pol i mer chng thm =2 mm o
- B tng ct thp m i =120 mm o
- V a tr t trn =15 mm o
No Material layers, top down
Thicknes
s, m
Thermal
conductivit
y, ,
W/(m.K)
Total
thermal
resistance
R
o
,
m
2
.K/W
Qualified or not
qualified for Code
requirements
1 Terra cotta tile 0.015 0.81
1.006
R
o
> 1.0 m
2
.K / W
Qualified
2 Tile plaster 0.01 0.93
3
Lightweight-porous concrete layer
(=1000 kg/m3)
0.150 0.41
4 Fireclay tile (continuous parts) 0.105 0.81
5 Fireclay tile (partition walls) 0.053 0.81
6
Aerated hollow holes, R
a
= 0.22 m
2
. K /
W
0.053
7 Vertical plaster lining 0.105 0.93
8 Cement and steel mesh plaster 0.02 0.93
9 Reinforced concrete 0.12 1.55
10 Interior plaster 0.015 0.93
M3. Roofing with 30 mm thick polystyrol porous panels
No Material layers, top down
Thickne
ss, m
Thermal
conductivi
ty, ,
W/(m.K)
Total
thermal
resistance
R
o
,
m
2
.K/W
Qualified or not
qualified for Code
requirements
1 Terra cotta tile 0.015 0.81
1.140
Ro > 1.0 m
2
.K / W
Qualified
2 Tile plaster 0.01 0.93
3 Polystyol panel 0.03 0.04
4 Cement plaster 0.05 0.93
5
Damp resistance polymer cement
plaster
0.002 0.93
6 Reinforced concrete 0.12 1.55
7 Interior plaster 0.015 0.93
- Terra cotta tile 200x200x15 mm
- Tiling mortar =10 mm
- Polystyrol panel =30 mm
- Cement mortar =5 mm
- Damp resistant polymer cement =2 mm
- Roof reinforced concrete =120 mm
- Ceiling plaster =15 mm
QCVN 09:2013/BXD
35
Notes: The total thermal resistance of roofing is calculated using the heat transfer coefficient of the
exterior surface - hN= 25 W/m2.K and heat transfer coefficient of the interior surface - hT= 5,882
W/m2.K see Table 3, Annexes.