Part I 1. Does atrazine appear to alter male frog development at any concentration?

-> Yes, the concentration that atrazine appears to alter the male frog development are 0.01, 0.05, 0.11, 0.13, 0.83 micrograms per tadpole. And at 0.1, 0.4, 0.8, 1, 25 micrograms per liter. 2. If atrazine does affect male frog development, what is the lowest concentration and dose that appears to have the effect? -> If atrazine does affect male frog development, the lowest concentration and dose that appears to have the effect is 0.13 micrograms per tadpole. 3. The chemical DDT was banned for use in the U.S. in the 1960s. For years afterwards, however, American manufacturers of DDT continued to export it to the third world countries that had not yet banned its use. How does this observation relate to the use of atrazine in the U.S. today? -> Because both contaminants cause some form of pollution to common resources we need to survive. Due to the products great demand, the product will continue to be sold regardless of the risk

Part II 1. A Syngenta press release quotes James Carr, head of the Texas Tech team, as saying, We have been unable to reproduce the low-concentration eects of atrazine on amphibians reported elsewhere in the scientic literature. This statement refers to Hayes results (Hayes,2002, 2003). Comment on the accuracy of this statement, and explain your reasoning. -> I think Carr is right, because the water Tyrone used might already have been concentrated with atrazine. 2. The Hayes study (Hayes,2003) was conducted using water samples collected from ponds and streams in agricultural and non-agricultural regions of the Midwest. The study conducted by Carrs group added varying amounts of atrazine to de-chlorinated laboratory water. Which set of experimental conditions, if either, would be more likely to lead to valid experimental results? Explain your reasoning. -> The experimental conditions would lead to valid experimental results because he used the water that has been de-chlorinated. 3. Comment on the signicance of the Carr data, shown above, that reports the percent of male frogs having gonadal abnormalities at a nominal atrazine concentration of zero micrograms per liter and a nominal dose of zero micrograms per liter. -> The nominal dose might have not affected the frogs, therefore having the same percentage.

Part III 1. What do the Hayes results indicate about the eect of atrazine on the testosterone concentration in the blood of exposed male frogs? -> The concentration would rise. 2. What do the MSU results indicate about the eect of atrazine on the testosterone concentration in the blood of exposed male frogs? -> Raised the concentration only by 0.5 or lower 3. Consider the EPAs observation about the presence of atrazine in the controls used in the MSU study. Could this observation explain how Hayes and Hecker could both have accurately reported their experimental observations? -> Yes 4. In 2003, the EPA recommended that Syngentas license to continue the use of atrazine in the United States be approved. If one assumes that the data presented here are valid, what factor or combination of factors might have led to this recommendation? -> There is no factor or combination of factors might have led to this recommendation 5. Search for two web sites that support the continued use of atrazine and two web sites opposed to its continued use. Prepare an assessment of the validity of these web sites and be prepared to share your observations in class. Useful guidelines for the evaluation of the credibility of web postings may be found at the following URL: http://www.wirtualchase.com/quality/checklist_print.html.

FOR http://brownfieldagnews.com/2009/10/06/ growers-support-continued-atrazine-use/ Corn and sorghum growers say they need the popular herbicide atrazine to enhance other weed killing chemistry. Atrazine, on the market now for a half-century, has come under fire from researchers and activists who say it gets into surface water and affects fish and frogs. http://cornandsoybeandigest.com/cropchemicals/farmers-speak-out-supportatrazine The voice of the farm community was clear: atrazine is safe, it's effective, it's essential to the environment and it's critical to our bottom line. Sound science, sound economics and sound environmental stewardship would all tell the EPA one thing: Leave atrazine alone so American farmers can get on with the business of feeding the world.

AGAINST http://www.nrdc.org/health/atrazine/ Atrazine Continues to Contaminate Surface Water and Drinking Water in the United States. NRDC found that the U.S. EPA's inadequate monitoring systems and weak regulations have compounded the problem, allowing levels of atrazine in watersheds and drinking water to peak at extremely high concentrations.

http://www.panna.org/resources/panups/panup_ 20100108 Atrazine releases stress hormones that may harm reproduction