XVII Procalcitonin (PCT)

Procalcitonin (PCT) is a 116 amino acid residue peptide with molecular weight of about 13 kDa. The amino acid sequence of PCT was firstly described by Moullec et al. in 1984 (1) (Fig. 37.). It belongs to a group of related proteins including calcitonin generelated peptides I and II, amylin, adrenomodulin and calcitonin (CAPA peptide family). PCT, like other peptides of CAPA family, appears from the common precursor pre-procalcitonin consisting of 141 amino acids by removal of 25 a.a.r. from N-terminus. PCT is produced normally in C-cells of the thyroid glands. It undergoes successive cleavages to form three molecules: N-terminal fragment (55 a.a.r.), calcitonin (32 a.a.r.) and katacalcin (21 a.a.r.). It has been shown that the level of PCT in serum increases significantly during an infection of bacterial origin (2). Today PCT is considered to be one of the earliest and most specific markers of sepsis. However, several studies revealed that elevated PCT level in human blood could be detected not only in case of sepsis and infection, but also in cases of surgery, polytrauma, heat shock and cardiogenic shock (3). The importance of PCT measurements in combination with cTnT or cTnI during heart transplantation to predict an early graft failure has been proved recently (4).

PROCALCITONIN 116 a.a.r.

N - terminal region 1(3) 57 57(55) a.a.r. calcitonin 60 - 91 32 a.a.r. katacalcin 96 - 116 21 a.a.r.

A P F R S A L E S S PA D PAT L S E D E A R L L L A A LV Q D Y V Q M K A S E L E Q E Q E R E G S S L D S P R S K RC G N L S T C M L G T Y T Q D F N K F H T F P Q TA I G V G A P G K K R D M S S D L E R D H R P H V S M P Q N A N Fig. 37. Amino acid sequence and schematic diagram of human procalcitonin.

1. Anti-procalcitonin monoclonal antibodies

Host animal: Cell line used for fusion: Antigen: Purification method: Presentation: Application: mice BALB/c Sp2/0 fragments of procalcitonin, conjugated with carrier protein protein A affinity chromatography MAb solution in PBS with 0.1 % sodium azide procalcitonin immunoassay

Hybridomas producing anti-PCT MAbs were generated after immunization of Balb/c mice with three PCT fragments - N-terminal fragment of PCT, calcitonin and katacalcin. For PCT immunodetection antibodies specific to different fragments of the

molecule should be used. Calibration curves of sandwich immunoassays for PCT detection in blood, utilizing MAbs with different epitope specificity, are shown on Fig. 38.

1000000

100000

CPS

10000

1000
3ug 1ug 0.3ug 0.1ug 30ng 10ng 3ng 1ng 0.3ng 0.1ng 30pg control

Antigen concentration (in ml of plasma)

Fig. 38. Calibration curves of several PCT sandwich immunoassays. Capture MAbs: 1g/well Antigen: human recombinant PCT Detection Eu-labeled MAbs: 0.1 g/well - 16B5 (central part) 42 (N-terminal fragment) - 24B2 (central part) 13B9 (central part) - 14C12 (C-terminal part) 14A2 (central part) - 27A3 (N-terminal fragment) 22A11 (C-terminal part)

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The recommended pairs for sandwich immunoassay: 16B5 14A2 24B2 13G11 16B5 24B2 14C12 42 42 38F11 42 44D9 13B9 38F11

The antibody pair 24B2 13B9 can be used for the immunodetection of both PCT and free calcitonin. MAbs may also be used for PCT detection in immunoblotting. All MAbs recognize PCT in Western Blotting after SDS-electrophoresis in reducing conditions (Fig 39).

Fig. 39. Immunodetection of human recombinant PCT in Western blotting by monoclonal antibodies specific to different PCT fragments after 15 % SDS-PAGE in reducing conditions. Antigen: 100 ng/track. 1 MAb 6F10 2 MAb 27A3 3 MAb 38F11 4 MAb 44D9 5 MAb 42 6 MAb 13B9 7 MAb 13F2 8 MAb 13G11 9 MAb 14A2 10 MAb 16B5 11 MAb 24B2 12 MAb 14C12 13 MAb 18B7 14 MAb 22A11

9 10 11 12 13 14

Ordering information Clone 6F10 27A3 38F11 44D9 42 13B9 13F2 13G11 14A2 16B5 24B2 14C12 18B7 22A11 Cat. # 4PC47 4PC47 4PC47 4PC47 4PC47 4PC47 4PC47 4PC47 4PC47 4PC47 4PC47 4PC47 4PC47 4PC47 Specificity (part of PCT) N-terminal fragment N-terminal fragment N-terminal fragment N-terminal fragment N-terminal fragment calcitonin (central part) calcitonin (central part) calcitonin (central part) calcitonin (central part) calcitonin (central part) calcitonin (central part) katacalcin (C-terminal part) katacalcin (C-terminal part) katacalcin (C-terminal part) Subclass IgG1 IgG2a IgG1 IgG2a IgG2a IgG2a IgG1 IgG1 IgG1 IgG2b IgG1 IgG1 IgG1 IgG1 Application EIA, Sandwich immunoassay (capture), WB EIA, Sandwich immunoassay (capture), WB EIA, Sandwich immunoassay (capture), WB EIA, Sandwich immunoassay (detection), WB EIA, Sandwich immunoassay (detection), WB EIA, Sandwich immunoassay (detection), WB EIA, Sandwich immunoassay (capture), WB EIA, Sandwich immunoassay (capture), WB EIA, Sandwich immunoassay (capture, detection), WB EIA, Sandwich immunoassay (capture, detection), WB EIA, Sandwich immunoassay (capture), WB EIA, Sandwich immunoassay (capture), WB EIA, Sandwich immunoassay (detection), WB EIA, Sandwich immunoassay (detection), WB

References: 1. Le Moullec J.M., et al. The complete sequence of human procalcitonin. // FEBS Lett., 167 (1), 93-97 (1984) 2. Assicot M, et al. High serum procalcitonin concentrations in patients with sepsis and infection. // Lancet, 341, 515-18 (1993) 3. Meisner M., Reinhart K. Is procalcitonin really a marker of sepsis? // Int. J. Intensive Care, 8 (1), 15-25. (2001) 4. Potapov EV ., et al. Elevated donor cardiac troponin T and procalcitonin indicate two independent mechanisms of early graft failure after heart transplantation. // Int. J. Cardiol., 92 (2-3), 163-7 (2003)

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