Study Guide: China Mar 29th, 2013 20 mc point each Important concepts from MC Questions Historical concepts o 1949

49 o Great Leap Forward o Cultural revolution o Leadership since death of Deng Xiaoping Economic o Five year plan o Four modernizations o Why corruption o Why other nations oppose trade with China o Trade policy under Deng Xiaoping o Special Economic zones o Household responsibility system Political o Guanxi o Judicial system o Type of political leaders since 1978 o CCPs relationship with the PLA o Ways of political participation o The way political elites are recruited Short Answer 1. Describe the Great Leap Forward. What were the results of the Great Leap Forward? 2 points
Maos aggressive attempt of accelerating Chinese economic change (20 years in a day aimed for the industrialization of China, and collective agriculture) First priority was the redistribution of land given to peasants Ended in failure agriculture was set back by nearly a decade, Mao came close to losing power Liu Shaoqi became president

2. We have read a couple of articles on China. Discuss the main issues facing China today as expressed in these articles. (Political & economic) 4 points Lack of key resources China has a voracious need for key resources that would be necessary for its large industries CCP holds all real power Regardless of Chinas official title of a multi-party system, in reality the CCP holds all the political power.

3. What are the specifics of the Presidency/Executive branch of government in China? 4 points Type of executive Single-party executive (officially a multi-party system, but that is just a faade) o How elected? President is nominated and elected by the Standing Committee of the NPC State Council is also elected by the NPC o Who? Hu Jintao is the president Executive consists of the State Council

4. Where is the real power in China located? Describe this group of people. 2 points The real power in China is located in the Standing Committee of the Politburo. The Committee runs the party when Politburo is not in session, and consists of 6-10 members. The Committee meets on a daily basis. 5. Describe how two economic policies since Maos death have moved China toward a capitalist system. 4 points Household contracts A household was allocated a piece of land and was required to meet state quotas Collective agriculture ceased to exist Small businesses were allowed Special economic zones Aimed for attracting foreign investment Increased foreign trade, China became more extroverted

6. Describe the relationship between the structure of the CCP & the official governmental organizations. Use examples. 4 points Theres a lot of overlap in membership between the two organizations, yet the power lies in the CCP. Hu Jintao for example is both the president of China, as well as the general secretary. 7. Explain the role the Peoples Liberation Army has played in Chinas political development. 2 points The Liberation Army, unlike in most countries, has been used for internal rather than external matters. It mainly maintains internal security, in cases such as the Tiananmen Square uprising. 8. State three ways that the NPC power is limited? 3 points It only meets once a year Its incredibly large only rubber stamp decisions can be made within such a large organ Expected to merely discuss and endorse the decisions already made by the party 9. Describe the legislative branch of the Chinese government. 4 points Identify the different structures National Peoples Congress Standing Committee of the NPC i. How elected Indirectly by people (people vote for county congresses) Approved by Central Committee, membership negotiated by leaders of CCP ii. Number 3000 members 6-10 members Who is in the top office Wu Bangguo

People to Know: 2 points each Mao Zedong Former head of CCP, brought about the Great Leap forward and the Cultural Revolution; first generation of Chinas four generations of leaders Xi Jinping General Secretary of CCP. Hu Jintaos successor, against corruption, continues market economic reforms. Deng Xiaoping A leader who focused on economic reforms and repairing the damage Mao had done (Four Modernizations, socialism with Chinese characters).

Terms: 2 points each Peoples Liberation Party Army used for internal matters, mainly internal security as opposed to the armies of other countries. Supports the politics. Special Economic Zones Created for attracting foreign investment, increased foreign trade. One country, two systems Refers to China seemingly being a multiparty system, whereas in reality it uses a simple-party system. 3rd generation leaders & 4th generation leaders These generations reinforced economic reforms and technocratic style governance Confucianism A secular and ethical set of moral rules and principles for all aspects of life not a religion Cultural Revolution Maos program of ideological reform aimed at strengthening his control over China guanxi Mandate of Heaven Government by goodness - emperor only had the right to govern as long as he ruled with virtue and honor