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Final Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources Adams, Abigail. Letter to John Adams. 31 Mar. 1774. MS.

Massachusetts Historical Society. \ In this letter, Abigail Adams, the wife of John Adams, writes to John to "remember the ladies" when formulating new laws in the Continental Congress. This relates to the topic of women's rights because it shows how early the rights of women were sought after. There is some bias in this specific letter as Abigail makes remarks against men that are fairly opinionated. However, it is important to take note of women who take stands against women as early as she did. Anthony, Susan B. "Susan B. Anthony Talks of Her Life-Long Efforts in Behalf of Her Sex Doesn't Despair yet of Ultimate Winning of Suffrage Victory - Man's Life Broader than Woman's." Interview by Emma Horn Smith. Saint Paul Globe [St. Paul, Minnesota] 1 May 1904: n. pag. Print. This interview from the Saint Paul Globe newspaper was made by Emma Horn Smith to a famous women's rights advocate Susan B. Anthony. Anthony gave her thoughts on how her "life-long efforts" would play out and if she believed one day her efforts could achieve equality for women. The interview is largely based on Anthony's opinions. Elizabeth Cady Stanton. N.d. Photograph. Lib. of Cong. This photograph of Elizabeth Cady Stanton is important to provide an understanding of what she looked like. She was a noteworthy women's right activist and cofounder of NWSA. Her work towards women's suffrage was significant. Henry Browne Blackwell. N.d. Photograph. Lib. of Cong.

Hyatt 2 This is a portrait of Henry Browne Blackwell, a man who made a significant impact on the women's rights movement with his work with his wife, Lucy Stone, on the Woman's Journal. He is notable because it was rare to see men supporting this movement. "Is It a Crime for a U.S. Citizen to Vote? by Susan B. Anthony (1872)." n.pag. SIRS Government Reporter. Web. 16 Oct 2013. This court case was composed by Susan B. Anthony an advocate for women's voting rights in the United States of America during the late 1800's and early 1900's. Anthony, along with fifteen other women, was arrested for voting in the Presidential election of 1872 and in her case stated that she had not violated the Constitution but in fact had "exercised her citizen's right" to vote. The case is free of bias and is therefore a reliable source that clearly states the argument that some women's rights activists in the United States believed in. Kaiser Wilson. N.d. Photograph. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. This photograph is a woman who is protesting against the words of President Wilson. The poster the woman is holding declares the United States is not a democracy and is in fact similar to Germany's government because twenty million women want to vote and they aren't being allowed to. This is extremely significant because women who protested in these times were ultimately jailed due to war-time conditions. However protests like these eventually turned Wilson's views on women's rights around. Keen, Ed L. "Tennessee House Ponders Rescinding Women's Suffrage Ratification." UPI's 20th Century Top Stories. Aug. 19 1920: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 03 Nov 2013.

Hyatt 3 The UPI's 20th Century Top Stories newspaper's article titled "Tennessee House Ponders Rescinding Women's Suffrage Ratification" states that the State of Tennessee was very conflicted as whether to ratify an amendment for women's suffrage or not. That makes the article essential because it provides conflicting elements from both sides of the women's rights movement. The source is strictly informative but slightly biased as it was written from a man's point of view. Keen, Ed L. "Women's Right to Vote Now Official in United States." UPI's 20th Century Top Stories. Aug. 26 1920: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 03 Nov 2013. From UPI'S 20th Century Top Stories, a newspaper article published on August 26th, 1920 states that women in the United States officially had the right to vote. This was a historic date in the past of the United States because it marks a victory of women's rights advocates that had taken many decades if not centuries to accomplish. There may be bias in this source as it was written by a man. Lucy Stone. N.d. Photograph. Lib. of Cong. This daguerreotype of Lucy Stone is from the Library of Congress. She was a large women's rights supporter and founded the AWSA, making her a pivotal figure of the movement. Matthews, Glenna. Anthony, Susan Brownell. N.d. Photograph. Lib. of Cong. This picture depicts two famous US Women's Rights advocates posing. The women are Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth C. Stanton, who fought for things such as women's suffrage in the late 1800s and early 1900s. While the photograph is being posed, it is

Hyatt 4 demonstrating the teamwork the two had with each other so there is very little bias as they did work together extensively. - - -. League of Women Voters. N.d. Photograph. Schlesinger Lib., Radcliffe Inst., Harvard U. From the Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute of Harvard University, this photograph shows two women holding a sign that lists some demands of women who attended a democratic convention in the year of 1920. It demonstrates how women were very involved in government affairs. National Women's Suffrage Association. 22 Apr. 1913. Photograph. Lib. of Cong. This photograph depicts two suffragists, Mrs. Stanley McCormick (Katharine McCormick) and Mrs. Charles Parker, standing to the sides of a banner that reads National Women's Suffrage Association. The fact that two women were used to showcase the organization shows that there has been progression for women in society. New York NAWSA Parade. N.d. Photograph. Bryn Mawr Coll. Lib. This image shows a parade, a form of peaceful protest, for women's rights. It was organized by the National American Women's Suffrage Association, a joint organization made up of the NWSA and the AWSA. This shows that women were not in the least aggressive when working towards their goal. Instead they took dignified approaches such as peaceful protest and making cases. Presidents of NAWSA. 1892. Photograph. Bryn Mawr Coll. Lib. This photograph depicts the many presidents of the National American Women's Suffrage Association. Also below the photograph is a list that names some of the people in the photograph. This provides factual information as to who lead the organizations as well as

Hyatt 5 a visual of what the people looked like. The photograph provides evidence that mostly women comprised this association and that many of them were of very old ages. Seneca Falls Convention. 27 Dec. 2013. Photograph. Lib. of Cong. This is a photograph taken in the year of 1848 at what is often noted as the first women's rights convention. This convention took place in Seneca Falls, New York and had many attendees including many women's right advocates. The photo shows that there were many supporters of the movement even at its very early beginnings. Stanton, Elizabeth Cady. Eighty Years & More. Boston: Northern UP, 1993. Print. This work is a book written by Elizabeth Cady Stanton in the final years of her life that reminisces the eighty years of her life and her involvement in many different movements that were bent on improving society. Her old age may be evident in how she wrote the book because her opinions would've changed over eighty years. However the opinions in this book are still very relevant because of her outstanding work in the National American Women's Suffrage Association. Susan B Anthony: The Female George Washington? N.d. Photograph. Lib. of Cong. This is a portrait of Susan B. Anthony, a pivotal women's rights advocate. She was influential due to her co-founding of the NWSA and other work for women's suffrage. United States. Cong. Senate. Washington: GPO, 1917. Print. In this address to the congress, President Woodrow Wilson declared that the Great War was a war of democracy, and for that reason the United States should enter the war. This relates to the topic of women's rights because they retaliated by saying that the United States is not democratic if a full twenty million women are asking for the right to vote

Hyatt 6 and are not receiving it. This eventually lead to the change of Wilson's opinions on women's rights in order to gain their support when they would achieve the right to vote.

Secondary Sources "American Women Suffrage Association." Memo. N.d. TS. This is a poster advertising the upcoming annual meeting for the American Women's Suffrage Association. It advertises the numerous speakers that will present their thoughts and opinions on women's rights as well as detail their plans for the future. Benjamin, Anne. A History of the Anti-Suffrage Movement in the United States from 1895 to 1920: Women against Equality. N.p.: Edwin Mellen Pr, 1992. Print. Written by Anne Benjamin, this book details the anti-suffrage movement that was widely influential in the United States in the early 1900s just prior to the passing of the 19th amendment. The people who tried to convince people to vote against women's suffrage were able to create doubt in voters, making them notable and worth examination. However there may be bias in this source due to its publication being in 1992, many years after the events occurred. "Declaration of Rights for Women (1876)." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 27 Oct. 2013. The American History ABC-CLIO reference source provided a basic overview of the "Declaration of Rights for Women" in the United States from 1876. The components of this declaration spoken by Susan B. Anthony, an advocate of women's rights in the United States, include the rights of any citizen of the United States and how women should

Hyatt 7 clearly be considered deserving of those rights as they are also citizens of the country. Susan B. Anthony's declaration had some bias because she stated information in a manner that made women's lives seems unfair which was not necessarily true. However, this source is still viable, as it states the argument that women's rights advocates used. Goodier, Susan. No Votes for Women: The New York State Anti-Suffrage Movement (Women in American History). N.p.: n.p., 2013. Print. This book was written by Susan Goodier and the book details an anti-suffrage movement that went on in New York in the late 1800s to early 1900s. It is important to detail the opposition to the women's rights movements in order to justify women's rights. There is bias in this source however because it was written in 2013 by a woman who did not experience any of the events first-hand. Million, Joelle. Woman's Voice, Woman's Place. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print. In this work, Joelle Million details the work of Lucy Stone primarily as a woman's rights activist but also as an abolitionist. Specifically, Million elaborates on Stone's public speaking and how she had strong belief in women being allowed to speak and express feelings in public. M'Nevin, J. The Amazonian Convention. 11 June 1859. Illustration. An illustration made by J M'Nevin in 1859 for the Harper's Weekly newspaper depicts several women at a convention for women's rights in Seneca Falls. This is important because it shows "hecklers" interrupting the meeting as to show that the women's rights movement was looked down upon by many. This may show bias that many people in the United States thought that giving women equal rights was laughable.

Hyatt 8 "The National American Woman Suffrage Association." National American Women Suffrage Association Collection. Lib. of Cong., 19 Oct. 1998. Web. 2 Dec. 2013. <http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/naw/nawshome.html>. The Library of Congress has a website that holds a collection of a 167-item subset of the larger National American Women Suffrage Association Collection. The original collection is held by the Library of Congress and contains books, memorials, pamphlets, proceedings/reports, and serials that were concerned with the NAWSA (National American Women Suffrage Association). This source contains no bias in itself and the contents are mostly factual and not opinionated. Newman, Jason. (2013). public education. In American History. Retrieved December 8, 2013, from <http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/> This reference source details the many points throughout history that public education was pursued. Specifically, the section that stated United States public education efforts of the 1800s was useful to connect with the beginning of women's rights movements. There is no bias in this source as it is factual. Vote No on Women's Suffrage. Print. This is a newsletter produced by the New York State Organization Opposed to Women's Suffrage and advertised that "less than 10 percent of New York women want the vote". This is essential because it provides an example of anti-suffrage advertisement. It is possible that in fact more than 10 percent of New York women did want the vote so their is bias in this source. "voting rights." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 1 Dec. 2013.

Hyatt 9 ABC-CLIO here has a reference source titled "voting rights" which states the importance of voting rights to the american people. The article does not contain bias but states reasons why voting rights are significant. Wayne, Tiffany K. "Temperance Movement: Temperance as the Foundation of the Women's Rights Movement."American History. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 27 Oct. 2013. An overview of the temperance movement in the United States was provided by the American History ABC-CLIO reference source. The temperance movement is one example of how women in the late 1800's and early 1900's took action to reform the customs of the United States. This source has mostly unbiased writing; while it states other's opinions it doesn't say if that opinion is correct or incorrect. "We Oppose Woman Suffrage." Anti-Suffragist: n. pag. Print. The Anti-Suffragist newspaper advertised the argument against women's suffrage, and this article lists the reasons they held. H=The image of this article will create an understanding that the views of the anti-suffragists were extremely weak and sometimes biased. "Womens Rights." Current Issues: Macmillan Social Science Library. Detroit: Gale, 2010. Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 27 Oct. 2013. This reference source from the Macmillan Social Science Library published by Gale states a basic overview of women's place in modern society, which is essential to prove that the women's rights movements in the United States were successful. It also states how religion was a common ground which women used to advocate their rights. There is little bias in this source as what is stated is strictly factual information.

Hyatt 10 "Women's Rights Conventions." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 27 Oct. 2013. Women's rights conventions were held throughout the mid 19th century into the early 20th century. Published in 2013, this reference source states the origins of the women's suffrage movement, the temperance movement, abolition movement and many more ideas that were lead by women. There is little bias in this source as the information is strictly fact. Any piece of information that is opinion-based is quoted from another person or article.

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