Alkalay, Talia (P. 4) Badri, Yassaman (P. 6) Kamranikia, Mona (P. 6) Shahandeh-Rad, Candice (P.

5)

APUSH Culture Chart

Reformers in Education John Dewey: John Dewey is claimed to be The Father of Modern Education because of the changes he made to education in the 1920s. Dewey backed his proposals to education with Darwins theory of Evolution. His first theory is based on Pragmatism, the process of learning from doing. Earlier methods of education focused on repetition, routine, and authoritarian learning. Thus, Dewey proposed to make schools more attractive by changing schools to teach practical skills, and participation in classroom activity. The Scopes Trial: The major conflict of school boards during this era was the separation of church and state. With the newly developing idea of evolution, science teachers across America were divided on teaching about Evolution or not. The Scopes Monkey Trial, which took place in 1925, was famous for purposely breaking the Tennessee Butler Law preventing a teacher from teaching about evolution. John Thomas Scopes, a modernist, argued that evolution was consistent with religion, but was eventually guilty and fined 100 dollars. The case proved that regardless of how the trial proved that no matter how the facts of the case were proven; the outcome was already settled by personal beliefs.

Sciences and Technology

Barbed Wire: Barbed wire was invented in Illinois to help control animals. In World War I, it was often used to ward off the enemy and protect sites. Powered Vacuum Cleaner: Hubert C. Booth invented the first powered vacuum cleaner in 1901. He thought of it while

trying to suck in dust through a handkerchief. This revolutionized the process of cleaning carpets. Airplanes: Orville and Wilbur Wright invented the first successful airplane in 1903.Their system of three axis control was revolutionary. This was a huge breakthrough at the time, and aircrafts were essential just a few years later for World War I. Theory of General Relativity: Albert Einstein published a paper in 1916 discussing the theory of relativity, which led to the modern understanding of physics and the universe. Albert also came up with the equation e=m x c squared. Quantum physics would not be the same without his observations and discoveries. Tea Bags: The first tea bags were created and used in 1904 by Thomas Sullivan, a merchant in New York. William Hermanson invented the paper teabag later. Zipper: Gideon Sundback invented the modern zipper in 1913, based on the concept of teeth. Ford Model T: The first Ford model T was invented in 1908 by Henry Fords motor company. The fastest it could go was about 45 miles per hour. This allowed commoners to begin purchasing automobiles, as it was much more affordable, since it was produced on a production line which reduced costs. Sonar: Lewis Nixon invented the first sonar in 1906. It is a crucial instrument to detect submarines.

Achievements in the Arts and Culture

Music: One of the greatest contributions to American culture was sudden musical interest in Jazz music. From the end of

World War I to the emergence of the great depression in 1929 jazz music had such a huge impact in American culture that this period of time became known as the Jazz Age Although the older generations believed jazz music was immortal and distasteful, jazz music became largely popular in the United States. Jazz music originally began in New Orleans and then soon later became popular in the United States due to African American migration after World War one. Originally, jazz bands consisted of black musicians such as Handy, Morton, and Joseph however; white bands such as Paul Whitemans dominated the entertainment industry. The saxophone replaced the trumpet during this era and Jazz musical groups usually consisted of seven to twelve members. Popular dances that complimented this new genre of music were the Charleston and the Black Bottom. Fletcher Henderson, Paul Whiteman, and Duke Ellington were among the popular musicians of this era who led popular orchestras in New York. Popular songs included New Orleans Rhythm Kings, and King Olivers Creole Jazz Band. Before World War 1 Chicago was the home to jazz music however towards the end of the 1920s the center of Jazz Music shifted to New York City. Radio: The radio is often regarded to be an important contribution to American technology however; the radio is also an important cultural achievement in the United States. The American interest in sports greatly increased and the political speeches of the politicians were managed to appeal to the new medium. The American voter turnout was greatly affected by this cultural achievement because millions rather than just a few thousand heard the speeches and promises of the politicians. Music as well was affected by the radio because Americans were able to enjoy the upbeat

tunes of music in the comfort of their own homes. Americans of various regions came together through the radio because millions tuned in to hear their favorite radio personals such as Amos n Andy.

Films: The movie industry truly impacted American culture by 1903 with the arrival of the first story sequence. Five- center theaters typically showed nickelodeons such as The Great Train Robbery. One of the most popular films of the time was D.W. Griffiths the Birth of a New Nation. This film production sponsored the actions of the Ku Klux Klan while defaming the African Americans of the nation. Once the rape scene was showed in the American theater, white Southerners would fire bullets at the screen. The movie capital of the movie was centered in Hollywood, California. Early directors often showed nudity and vampires to the big screen. With the arrival of female nudity and vampires, the public was outraged and thus, demanded a complex code of censorship. By 1914-1918 motion picture films arrived to the American theaters.

Achievements in Literature

The Great Gatsby: The Great Gatsby is synonymous of the 1920s. It portrays the struggle between rich vs. poor, traditional vs. modern, and political vs. social advancement. The life of Gatsby is symbolic of the corruption and scandal that took place in the Harding administration. Toms hate for outsiders represents the struggles with emigration and the Emigration acts passed to keep specific groups of foreigners out. One of Fitzgeralds main focuses through out the novel is alcohol. The Prohibition Act of 1919 stopped the purchasing, selling, consuming, and transporting of alcohol. This fired up the illegal alcohol business. Rich mod leaders could purchase alcohol, making

the selling un-presciently rich. Many figures in the book including Meyer and even Gatsby participated in the illegal alcohol activity. All Quiet on the Western Front: Erich Maria Remarque, the author of All Quiet on the Western Front, was a World War 1 German veteran. This powerful anti-war book describes the horrors of life on the battlefield, and the high anxiety and physical pain that soldiers felt. The main character in the book is a soldier who ends up dying while fighting the French in battle. Thus it shows the negative aspects of war, eventually postponing it until 1939. An American Tragedy: An American Tragedy is a twist on The American Dream In the roaring 20s many dreamed of wealth and riches but was faced with many obstacles. Main character Clyde Griffith comes from a poor evangelical immigrant family who doesnt believe in materialist wealth. Griffith wants to break this barrier and tries to work hard, but after realizing that this got him nowhere, he focuses on another route. Griffith hopes to marry off a rich women and ends of going to extreme measures, such as killing a man to do so. This book is directly symbolic of the corruptions in American government.

Achievements in Womans Rights Reform

Patriotism and Opportunity: Patriotism and Opportunity- Womens rights began to shift during this era with the sudden emergence of patriotism and opportunity. As the American men moved to the frontline, women began to take their jobs by working in the factories and fields. The war was deeply affected by the womens rights movement. The progressive-era feminists were mostly pacifists, who opposed the movement of women to the factories and the involvement of men in the war as well.

Alice Paul- a Quaker activist led the National Womans Party. This group was deeply involved in the movement against Kaiser Wilson. Another popular movement was a suffrage called the National American Women Suffrage Association. This suffrage movement supported Wilsons War. These female members argued that peace will come if women contributed the war effort. Women supported the spread of democracy abroad because they hoped that by doing so they can win democracy at home. The persistent movement towards war efforts earned women the right to vote in many states including Michigan, Oklahoma, and South Dakota. Suffrage: Another achievement in womens rights is suffrage. The 19th amendment was issued granting women the right to vote. By creating the 19th amendment, feminists began to demand changes in the divorce laws. Women were finally able to have a say in government. They demanded lawmakers to make this change so women can escape abusive relationship and intolerable husbands. By 1930, new divorce laws had ended one six of marriages.

Achievements in Civil Rights Reform

Unions and Workers: Before the presidency of Teddy Roosevelt, no president fought for the people. Most presidents tended to favor corporations, for that was where the big money was. However, Teddy Roosevelt rising to office marked the beginning of the progressive era. He tried to fight for the people. Unions and peaceful picketing became legal. He established the department of commerce and labor and helped fight for a ten percent raise. He also threatened companies into complying. Women: Prior to World War I, women were not at all encouraged to enter the working world. However, the dramatic labor shortage

during the war caused many to urge women into getting jobs in industry and commerce. Woodrow Wilson, president at the time, was originally against womens suffrage, but given the circumstances, fully endorsed it. Women gained the right to vote in 1919 with the 19th amendment.