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2014 HISTORY FAIR: RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
AMERICAS GILDED AGE: BUSINESS OWNERS, UNIONS AND THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY

Primary Sources
Documents
Avery, John. Hamilton Company Boardinghouse Rules 1848. 1848. Boardinghouse Rules. Lowell. This document is a series of regulations regarding the Boarding Houses of the Hamilton Company. The document gave me a better understanding of the lives in Lowell factory and its strict rules, and also some responsibilities that factory owners do take. Avery, John. Hamilton Company Factory Rules 1848. 1848. Factory Rules. Lowell. This document concerns the factory rules of the factories and some regulation of working for the laborers in the Hamilton Company. The rules informed me of how was it like to work in a textile mill, the responsibilities factory owners have such as improving working conditions, and the systems in factories. Roosevelt, Theodore. "Social and Industrial Justice." Speech. The Library of Congress, American Memory. Web. <http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/troosevelt_film/trfpcp.html>. This document was a speech Theodore Roosevelt gave during his presidency to improve the conditions and the lives of the working class. I was able to gain information on how the government participated and tried to decrease the tension between factory workers and business owners during the Gilded Age. Riis, Jacob A. "P.179 - 182." How the Other Half Lives: Studies among the Tenements of New York. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1890. N. pag. Print.

This article in the book was written after the authors observations on laboring children. The document gave information on the childrens daily lives, and what they would become when they reach manhood. In addition, the whole article described how unfortunate children were during the Industrial Revolution. I was able to gain much information on Child Labor during the Glided Age because of this document. And I also realized that although most business owners were very influential and powerful among the society then, they did not take some responsibilities that must be taken for the sake of the general welfare. Schouler, William. Investigation of Labor Conditions, 1845. Rep. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print. This document is a long, detailed report regarding the conditions of Lowell factory conditions. It is comprised of interviews with workers, specific numbers and facts about hours, wages, diseases and deaths in the city of Lowell and charts and tables concerning these factors. This primary source is perhaps, one of the most crucial documents I obtained. It gave me detailed information on textile manufacture and mill conditions during the American Industrial Revolution. Furthermore, I put some of the charts it provided onto my website for the better display of the specific information about Lowell mills. I also was able to understand the opinions of the workers at that time, and, after reading this, I had the knowledge that powerful businessmen should take certain responsibilities. Watt, James. The Watt Patent. James Watt, assignee. Patent. 1769. Print. This document is the patent issued to Watt by the British Parliament after his brilliant invention of the steam engine.

The patent gave me a better understanding of the impact of Watts engine on the production, and it enabled to me to write better background information for Americas Glided Age for my project.

Photographs
Chickering, E. Samuel Gompers. N.d. Library of Congress, Unknown. Jewish Women's Archive, Living A Legacy. Web. . This photo is the portrait of Samuel Gompers; it enabled me to have a better display of Labor Unions on my site. Ebbets, Charles. Lunch atop skyscraper. 1932. New York Herald Tribune, New York. . Web. . This famous photograph made me have a better understanding of the working class during the Industrial Revolution, and the dangerous conditions workers have to bear. Pach Brothers. Theodore Roosevelt. N.d. Library of Congress Photos and Prints, Unknown. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. . This is a portrait of Theodore Roosevelt, this picture enhanced the look of my site. Unknown. Robber Barons. N.d. Unknown, Unknown. Robber Barons. Web. This photo contains the portraits of 4 business owners. The photo enabled me to have an interesting header. Unknown. Textile Factory. N.d. Unknown, Unknown. Book Ponderings. Web. .

This picture of a textile factory, not only made my header better, but also increased my knowledge on factory conditions, and the necessity for business owners to take responsibility for the improvement of the human society. Unknown. England During Industrial Revolution. N.d. Unknown, Unknown. Engines of our Ingenuity. Web. . This picture showed me how the steam engine and the Industrial Revolution had transformed England. Unknown. Spinning Mule. N.d. Unknown, Unknown. Of Men and Machines. Web. . This picture made me understand more about the Spinning Mule. Unknown. Cotton Bolls. N.d. Unknown, Unknown. Cottonman. Web. . This photograph of a cotton field enabled me display more about the cotton production. Unknown. Girl In Factory. N.d. Unknown, Unknown. Child Labor in Factories. Web. . This photograph let me understand more about child labor and how miserable children were during the Industrial Revolution. Unknown. Bodies of Seamstress. 1911. Unknown, New York. The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Trial. Web. . The picture enhanced my level of understanding of the Triangle Shirtwaist fire, and the consequences of factory owners not taking responsibilities.

Unknown. The Centennial Transmitter Model. N.d. Unknown, Unknown. The Centennial Transmitter. Web. . This photo made me understand that the U.S. was progressing fast during the Glided Age, and a lot of devices that improved daily lives were invented in America. Unknown. Spinning Jenny. N.d. Unknown, Unknown. Of Men and Machines. Web. . This made me know more about the Spinning Jenny. Unknown. Water Frame. N.d. Unknown, Unknown. Of Men and Machines. Web. The photo increased my knowledge on the Water Frame. Unknown. Tenements. N.d. Unknown, Unknown. Realism. Web. This photo enhanced my level of understanding of the living conditions of workers in urban areas, and it made me realize that it was important for business owners to take some responsibility. Unknown. Girl At Loom. N.d. American Textile History Museum, Unknown. . Web. . The photo showed a girl working at a loom; this made me understand how workers made clothes in textile factories during the Glided Age. Unkown. Watt's Steam Engine. N.d. Edinburgh Encyclopedia, Unknown. Engines of our Ingenuity. Web. . This diagram of Watts Steam Engine gave me a better idea of Watts famous invention.

Secondary Sources
Books
Brill, Marlene Targ. America in the 1900s. Minneapolis: Twenty-First Century, 2010. Print. This book provided information regarding the American 1900s, the major part of this book is about the Industrial Revolution, Labor Unions, and mass production. These texts helped me to see the change of workplaces, cities and the lives of United States citizens. This also enabled me to understand the necessity for factory owners to take responsibility to improve working conditions. Clark, Judith Freeman. America's Glided Age. New York: Facts on File, n.d. Print. This book organized the time period from 1865 to 1900 into five different sections. Each section of the time period is then written into a chapter. These chapters not only include a concise introduction to the period, but also a timeline that listed some major events in chronological order, at last, it included numerous eyewitness testimonies from people at that time. These primary quotes gave me a better understanding of Americas Glided Age and peoples opinions at that time. Corrick, James A. The Industrial Revolution. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 1998. Print.

This book described the Industrial Revolution in chronological order, and it included thorough information on influential inventions that benefited the general welfare. The book also have texts regarding Labor Unions, strikes and business owners. The source benefited me by the background of the Industrial Revolution that it provided. The book depicted how the great event started in Britain and how it spread. This book served as the main source for the background page. Dale, Henry, Rodney Dale, and Rebecca Weaver. The Industrial Revolution. New York: Oxford UP, 1992. Print. This book separate the Industrial Revolution into several categories, each one explains a certain industry. However, this book only discusses the important inventions during the time. It gave detailed explanation to each, including information such as its inventor, the time of invention, its uses, and how it functions. I was able to benefit from this book because it described several major textile machines that cannot be ignored while doing research on clothing manufacture. McCormick, Anita Louise. The Industrial Revolution in American History. Springfield, NJ, USA: Enslow, 1998. Print. This book talked about the time starting from the Centennial Exhibition to WWII, and how America progressed through the Industrial Revolution. This source gave detailed information on the Centennial Exhibition, and this showed me how the Gilded Age benefit U.S., how the nation become a superpower through labor, and how did our nation entered the world.

McNeese, Tim. The Glided Age and Progressivism. New York: Chelsea House, n.d. Print. This source talked about the Gilded Age, its productions, and revolutionary changes that came with it. The book gave me a basic idea of the manufacturing during this period, and some specific numbers on the growth of the United States in result of the mass production. Stearns, Peter N., and John H. Hinshaw. The ABC-CLIO World History Companion to the Industrial Revolution. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 1996. Print. This is a well-organized book that discussed the Industrial Revolution thoroughly. The authors put terms, concepts and events of the Industrial Revolution into alphabetical order, which make things easier to be found. The source benefited me by informing me on crucial concepts, and the cause of textile manufacture. It also explained the major textile produced during the Gilded Age: cotton, thus serving as a major source on the textile and cotton research. Telgen, Diane. The Glided Age. Detroit: Omnigraphics, n.d. Print. This is a very detailed source regarding the Gilded Age. It discussed the production, the problems, and the culture of U.S. at that particular era. It also included the biographies of several famous and influential business owners. More importantly, it embedded primary documents written during the Gilded Age. This book gave me knowledge on the power of the wealthy and the reluctance and lack of realization of business owners then about their responsibilities. Its further texts and the

primary documents made me understand the horrible conditions of factories and the plight of the laboring children. Woog, Adam. The 1900s. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 1999. Print. This book was a very descriptive source and it included detailed information on the 1900s of America. It included things about labor, production, business owners, and the culture of U.S. at that period. I was able to see the rights and responsibilities of business owners through this book, and the consequences when business owners did not take the responsibilities. It also gave me a better understanding of Labor Unions and the conditions in factories. This source also gave me information on the effects of textile manufacture and Americas Glided Age, and also government interferences in labor, and Roosevelts anti trust acts.

Website
"Andrew Carnegie." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 5 Jan. 2014. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/carnegie/peopleevents/pande01.html>. This sites text is the biography of Andrew Carnegie; the article described the life of Carnegie: from his early life, to his steel empire, and finally, his philanthropy. I found this article extremely useful, and it helped me to create the Famous Business Owners page. It also gave me a better understanding of some business owners that take

responsibility, and furthermore, it informed me of how being responsible for workers could change a mans reputation. "Eastern Illinois University Homepage." Childhood Lost. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Jan. 2014. <http://www.eiu.edu/eiutps/childhood.php>. This site discussed a serious problem during the Industrial Revolution: child labor. It also included a link to a pdf document that is a collection of primary documents such as pictures, letters, and poems. These things were able to let me understand how poor laboring children were during Americas Glided Age, which gave me a better understanding of the effect of the wealthy not taking responsibility.

"Mill Life in Lowell: 1820-1880." Mill Life in Lowell: 1820-1880. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Jan. 2014. <http://library.uml.edu/clh/mo.htm>. The website contained information on the textile industry and the Lowell Mills of Massachusetts. It is comprised of countless primary documents, such as reports of factories, regulations of workers, letters, and photographs. Because it embedded a considerable amount of primary documents, it became my principal source on textile mills. It gave me an understanding of factory conditions, mill life, and the need for factory owners to take responsibility for their poor workers. However, more importantly, this site was able to inform me of the opinions of the women

workers at that time about the condition of their factory.

"The Rockefeller Archive Center - JDR Sr. Biographical Sketch." The Rockefeller Archive Center - JDR Sr. Biographical Sketch. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Jan. 2014. <http://www.rockarch.org/bio/jdrsr.php>. This site contained a biography of John D. Rockefeller and described how he made the largest enterprise of oil from nothing at all, and how he gave away much of the profit for the general welfare. I was able to get information to make the page Famous Business Owners and its sub pages. In a word, this is an essential source for my research.

"The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Trial." The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Trial. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Jan. 2014. <http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/triangle/trianglefire.html>. This website contained countless secondary sources on the Triangle Shirtwaist fire. It included a timeline, articles about the particular event and the trials after that. It also included primary photographs. This detailed source informed me of the devastating consequence of factory owners not taking responsibility. Also, I also had a better understanding of the dangerous textile mill conditions. The information also enabled me to write some more information about textile productions.

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