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Proceedings of the 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering ICONE22 July 7-11, 2014, Prague, C ech !e"u#lic

$I%&I' (&E$ I)O*OPE P!O'&C*ION !E+C*O! +) + NE, +PP!O+C- *O .E'IC+$ I)O*OPE P!O'&C*ION )/)*E. IN IN'ONE)I+

ICONE22-30964

)heila +0alia Nuclear Engineering Dept. Universitas Gadjah Mada Sleman, Yogyakarta, ndonesia sheila.amalia!mail.ugm.ac.id

+dhitya -idayat Nuclear Engineering Dept. Universitas Gadjah Mada Sleman, Yogyakarta, ndonesia adhitya.hidayat!mail.ugm.ac.id

)atria 1ira2ati Nuclear Engineering Dept. Universitas Gadjah Mada Sleman, Yogyakarta, ndonesia satria.virajati.i!mail.ugm.ac.id

+3)*!+C* Medical Isotope Production System (MIPS) is a system to make radioisotope to use in medical for therapeutics or diagnostics. In therapeutics use, radioisotope is very important to cure cancer. One of the way to produce the radioisotope is with nuclear reactor. i!uid "uel Isotope Production #eactor ( "IP#) is an $!ueous %omogeneous #eactor ($%#) family with uranyl nitrate solutions. In Indonesia, the need of radioisotope is increasing &y year &ecause many people in Indonesia suffer from cancer or other disease that needing radioisotope as a treatment. One of many radioisotope demands in Indonesia is 'c())m from Mo()) for nuclear medicine usage. One of the issues in Indonesia to make a radioisotope is from nuclear reactor &ecause of the safety aspects. "IP# is the new design that use a passive security system that makes it more safe than an active system $%#s. "IP# is one of the proper technology to make an radioisotope production in Indonesia with respect to economic aspects, safety aspects, fuel availa&ility aspects. Keywords : LFIPR, Inherent Safety, Reactivity Thermal, radioisotope production IN*!O'&C*ION $!ueous %omogeneous #eactor $!ueous %omogeneous #eactor ($%#) is a type of nuclear reactor which uses homogenous molten salt and water solution as a fuel. *uclear reactor with homogenous fuel and moderator is one of nuclear systems which are tested e+perimentally as the development of uranium fission. 'he fuel solution can made from an acidic nuclear fuel solutions such as uranyl sulfate or uranyl nitrate. i!uid "ast Isotope Production #eactor

i!uid "ast Isotope Production #eactor ( "IP#) is a reactor design using homogenous fuel with passive safety system designed &y ,r. $ndang -idi %arto. "IP# designed to produce radioisotopes for medical use, &ecause the demand of medical radioisotope in Indonesia and the world is keep growing every year &ut the production is still limited. 'he advantage of "IP# design compared to other homogenous fuel reactors is that the safety system in "IP# is totally passive, without using any pump . "IP# is relatively safe from the corrosive caused &y the fuel &ecause the core system in this reactor is using stainless steel ./0 as the material which is resistant to acid. 'he reactor system design is e+plained in "igure 1. *eed of Medical #adioisotope in Indonesia Medical radioisotope is the application of radioactive isotope in nuclear medicine for imaging and therapy to treat malign. 2urrently there is only one nuclear reactor to produce radioisotope in Indonesia. Safety is the main pro&lem for developing new reactor in Indonesia. In this paper, we do the research on the inherent safety for "IP# thermal so it can &e an alternative reactor design to produce radioisotope in Indonesia in the future. "aktor Multiplikasi 3fektif Mengatur la4u peru&ahan neutron yang ter4adi dalam reaktor adalah faktor penting dalam pengoperasian se&uah reaktor nuklir. Men4aga la4u produksi neutron dan la4u kehilangan neutron pada teras agar dalam kondisi kesetim&angan sehingga proses fisi terus &erlangsung. Per&andingan 4umlah neutron yang dihasilkan dalam satu generasi dengan 4umlah neutron yang dihasilkan pada generasi se&elumnya dise&ut dengan faktor multiplikasi efektif (keff) 5ref lamarsh6 7

keselamatan yang konklusif atau deterministik, &ukan keselamatan yang pro&a&ilistic 5ref iaea6. ,imana7 k "e8 f p Pf cepat Pth termal 9 faktor multiplikasi efektif 9 4umlah neutron hasil fisi 9 faktor fisi cepat 9 faktor penggunaan termal 9 pro&a&ilitas lolos resonansi 9 Pro&a&ilitas tidak lolos neutron 9 Pro&a&ilitas tidak lolos neutron 1.1 Monte 2arlo Method Metode Monte 2arlo digunakan secara teoritis untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan dari se&uah proses interaksi partikel nuklir dengan materi dan 4uga untuk penyelesaian perhitungan yang tidak dapat dimodelkan secara deterministik melalui perhitungan komputer. Pada metode Monte 2arlo pendekatan statistik dari suatu contoh data digunakan untuk mensimulasikan keseluruhan ke4adian. Proses dari pendekatan statistik terse&ut menggunakan pengam&ilan &ilangan acak, seperti peluang yang muncul dalam pelemparan dadu pada permainan kasino, karena itulah dinamakan <Monte 2arlo= 5ref admin6. 1.> Monte 2arlo *(Particle -e use pro&a&ilistic calculation method with Monte 2arlo method to calculate the criticality of "IP# design. -e use Monte 2arlo *(Particle (M2*P) software for simulation with license from *ational *uclear 'echnology $gency (?$'$*) used with permission from P'#;* ?$'$* as the software license holder in Indonesia. M2*P is a neutronic analytic system. M2*P is pro&a&ilistic method which is very compati&le to solve comple+ pro&lems in . dimension and real time, which is difficult to &e done with deterministic method. Particle transport pro&lem can &e solved easily with Monte 2arlo method, &y simulating the particle &ehavior se!uentially.

#eactivity If neutron flu+ already calculated, so do the other parameters in nuclear reactor. 'he first important parameter is reactivity (:). #eactivity can &e formulated as 5ref lamarsh67 (1)

'emperature #eactivity 2oefficient "uel temperature has an important role to give reactivity feed&ack in fast reactor. Many researches have &een done to study the effect of reactor core temperature to the multiplication factor, which often showed in temperature coefficient of reactivity, formulated as 5ref lamarsh67 (>) 3ffective multiplication factor (k9keff) is defined as7 (.) In this case, P' and P" are pro&a&ility of neutron not escape from reactor medium as thermal neutron and prompt neutron respectively. Inherent Safety Inherent safety merupakan pencapaian keselamatan melalui pengeliminasian &ahaya yang melekat pada reaktor &erdasarkan pemilihan konsep desain fundamental pem&angkit tenaga nuklir. ;arakteristik inherent safety merupakan sifat fundamental dari se&uah konsep desain yang merupakan hasil dari pemilihan material yang dipakai atau aspek lain dari desain yang mampu meyakinkan &ahwa suatu &ahaya potensial dapat &enar( &enar dieliminasi secara menyeluruh tanpa ada peru&ahan internal maupun eksternal, yang mampu mengaki&atkan konfigurasi fisik yang &isa &eru4ung pada kondisi yang tidak aman. Se&agai contoh, se&uah pem&angkit yang memakai material yang tidak mudah ter&akar akan men4adi inherently safe terhadap api tanpa memperhitungkan apapun yang &isa ter4adi pada saat kecelakaan. Inherent safety ekuivalen dengan a&solute safety, maksudnya, se&uah karakteristik inherent safety &ukan merupakan persoalan dari segala 4enis kegagalan. ,engan kata lain, fitur inherent safety merepresentasikan

>

"igure >. Schematic ,esign of "IP# Bessel 2onfiguration (source7 5ref andang6)

"I@A#3 1. fipr Overall System (source7 [REF ANDANG]) 'E)I4N +N' E5PE!I.EN* 1. "IP# Bessel ,esign 2onfiguration ?ecause this research is using M2*P software, so we use the core design configuration according the data designed &y ,r. $ndang -idi %arto which is showed in "igure >. In this e+periment, the design is simplified with only the middle part of the vessel arranged of &eryllium as a&sor&er and the ne+t layers from inside to outside arranged of SS.C/, water, SS./0, fuel, coolant pipes, SS./0, water, and SS.C/ respectively, which is showed in figure .. >. "uel ,escription In this e+periment, the fuel used is Aranyl *itrate with >CD enrichment and fuel composition ..ED with operation range in temperature FC o2 until 1CCo2. Pada eksperimen ini larutan &ahan &akar yang digunakan diasumsikan tidak memiliki void

"igure .. $n M2*P design of simplified "IP# Bessel 2onfiguration !E)&$* 'hermal reactivity coefficient simulation result "uel temperature reactivity coefficient is important in reactor safety design. -ith negative fuel temperature reactivity coefficient, the increase of fuel temperature will cause the decrease of reactivity so it is easier to control. "rom the e+periment, "IP# has negative temperature reactivity coefficient for every reactor temperature range. Simulation is done with range from FC o2 to 1CCo2 &ecause the estimation of reactor operation range is &etween those temperatures. 'his is the result of the simulation7

"igure /. "uel #eactivity 2oefficient ,ari hasil simulasi diatas dapat dilihat &ahwa nilai reaktivitas dari desain reaktor "IP# menurun seiring dengan &ertam&ahnya suhu, hal ini menun4ukkan &ahwa desain reaktor "IP# memiliki sifat inherent safety terhadap peru&ahan suhu.

!E(E!ENCE)

CONC$&)ION) 1. "IP# is a radioisotope production reactor design with passive safety system. >. 'emperature reactivity coefficient for every range is negative. .. "IP# can &e a new approach for a safe radioisotope production reactor in Indonesia +C6NO,$E'4.EN*) 1. ,r. $ndang -idi %arto as a discussion partner and for allowing us to use the information on "IP# so this research can &e done. >. ?$'$* #eactor 'echnology and *uclear Safety 2enter as the license holder of M2*PG>.F in Indonesia, for allowing us to use the software.