Basic heat exchanger equations and calculations

For an adiabatic heat exchanger (no heat transferred with environment), there are three equations for the duty Q, i.e. the rate of heat exchange between the two process streams: Q= Q=
ps

(!ps,in"!ps,out) (!us,out"!us,in)

(heat transferred from process stream) (heat transferred to uti$ity stream)

(#) (%) (*)

us

Q = &'F(avg (rate of heat transfer) actua$$y defining &) where: Q is the rate of heat exchange (e.g., in +,-h) i is the f$owrate of stream i (e.g, in +mo$-h) !i is the specific entha$py of stream i (+,-+mo$) & is the overa$$ heat transfer coefficient (+,-m%..) ' is the heat exchange area (m%) F is the correction factor for the deviation from cocurrent or countercurrent f$ow (see, for examp$e, Figure ##"/ in 0erry1s) (avg is the average temperature difference between the streams for true cocurrent or countercurrent f$ow. 2f both streams exchange either $atent heat or sensib$e heat, but not both, then:
(avg = ($m (end# (end % $n (end# $n (end %

(/)

for both cocurrent and countercurrent f$ow, where: (end# is the temperature difference between the two streams at end # of the co$umn (.) (end% is the temperature difference between the two streams at the end % of the co$umn (.) 2t ma+es no difference which ends are designated # or %. HYSYS (See sizing instructions) !eaters and coo$ers ca$cu$ate the duty Q for the process stream using equation (#) above. 3ou must specify % of (, 0, vapor fraction for entering and exit streams in order for !3434 to ca$cu$ate the specific entha$pies. 5o 6( specify (, 0 and vapor fraction a$$ *. (6f course the f$ow rate and composition of the entering stream must a$so be specified.) For heat exchangers, ma+e the same specifications for the process stream. !3434 then ca$cu$ates Q from equation (#). For the uti$ity stream, ma+e sure to use the proper basis (e.g., '478 steam for water or steam). (hen specify % of (, 0, vapor fraction for entering and exit streams in order for !3434 to ca$cu$ate the specific entha$pies. (For steam condensing to water or vice versa, specify on$y 0 or ( and vapor fraction # for steam and 9 for water.) !3434 wi$$ ca$cu$ate the required f$ow rate of the uti$ity using equation (%). For heat exchangers, the part of !3434 that :$ar+son has obtained with its academic $icense fina$$y ca$cu$ates Q-(avg and disp$ays it as &' (from equation (*) it;s rea$$y &'F). (o obtain sufficient accuracy for (avg, in the !3434 heat exchanger 5esign 0arameters page set the !eat 8xchanger 7ode$ to 8xchanger 5esign (<eighted) and the 2nterva$s to #9 or %9. 8quipment cost estimations norma$$y require the heat exchanger area '. 's described in si=ing instructions, this is done by dividing the va$ue of >&'? furnished by !3434 by & and F. <hatever you do, 56 6( use the !3434 defau$t va$ues for & or ' @ these are wrong. Last revised October 11, 2006. W.R. Wilcox
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