Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 8

AS/NZS ISO 14041:1999

ISO 14041:1998
Australian/New Zealand Standard

Environmental management
Life cycle assessment
Goal and scope denition
and inventory analysis
T
h
i
s

i
s

a

f
r
e
e

7

p
a
g
e

s
a
m
p
l
e
.

A
c
c
e
s
s

t
h
e

f
u
l
l

v
e
r
s
i
o
n

a
t

h
t
t
p
:
/
/
i
n
f
o
s
t
o
r
e
.
s
a
i
g
l
o
b
a
l
.
c
o
m
.
AS/NZS ISO 14041:1999
This Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard was prepared by Joint Technical
Committee EV/5, Life Cycle Analysis, Environmental. It was approved on behalf of
the Council of Standards Australia on 1 March 1999 and on behalf of the Council of
Standards New Zealand on 24 February 1999. It was published on 5 April 1999.
The following interests are represented on Committee EV/5:
Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council
Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry
Australian Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association
Australian Industry Group
Consumers Federation of Australia
Institution of Engineers Australia
Nature Conservation Council of N.S.W.
New Zealand Forestry Research Institute
Plastics and Chemicals Industries Association Incorporated
RMIT University
Strategic Industry Research Foundation
Waste Management Association of Australia
Review of Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Joint Australian/
New Zealand Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue
of amendments or new editions as necessary. It is important therefore that Standards users
ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and any amendments thereto.
Full details of all Joint Standards and related publications will be found in the Standards
Australia and Standards New Zealand Catalogue of Publications; this information is
supplemented each month by the magazines The Australian Standard and Standards
New Zealand, which subscribing members receive, and which give details of new
publications, new editions and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards.
Suggestions for improvements to Joint Standards, addressed to the head office of either
Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand, are welcomed. Notication of any
inaccuracy or ambiguity found in a Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard should be made
without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.
This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 96361.
T
h
i
s

i
s

a

f
r
e
e

7

p
a
g
e

s
a
m
p
l
e
.

A
c
c
e
s
s

t
h
e

f
u
l
l

v
e
r
s
i
o
n

a
t

h
t
t
p
:
/
/
i
n
f
o
s
t
o
r
e
.
s
a
i
g
l
o
b
a
l
.
c
o
m
.
AS/NZS ISO 14041:1999
Australian/New Zealand Standard

Environmental management
Life cycle assessment
Goal and scope denition
and inventory analysis
First published as AS/NZS ISO 14041:1999.
Published jointly by:
Standards Australia
1 The Crescent,
Homebush NSW 2140 Australia
Standards New Zealand
Level 10, Radio New Zealand House,
155 The Terrace,
Wellington 6001 New Zealand
ISBN 0 7337 2589 9
T
h
i
s

i
s

a

f
r
e
e

7

p
a
g
e

s
a
m
p
l
e
.

A
c
c
e
s
s

t
h
e

f
u
l
l

v
e
r
s
i
o
n

a
t

h
t
t
p
:
/
/
i
n
f
o
s
t
o
r
e
.
s
a
i
g
l
o
b
a
l
.
c
o
m
.
ii
PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand Committee
EV/5, Life Cycle Analysis Environmental.
This Standard is identical with and has been reproduced from ISO 14041:1998, Environmental
management Life cycle assessment Goal and scope definition and inventory analysis.
The objective of this Standard is to specify the requirements and the procedures necessary for the
compilation and preparation of the definition of goal and scope for a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA),
and for performing, interpreting and reporting a Life Cycle Inventory analysis (LCI).
The term informative has been used in this Standard to define the application of the annex to
which it applies. An informative annex is only for information and guidance.
As this Standard is reproduced from an international Standard, the following applies:
(a) Its number appears on the cover and title page while the International Standard number
appears only on the cover.
(b) In the source text, this International Standard should read this Australian/New Zealand
Standard.
(c) A full point substitutes for a comma when referring to a decimal marker.
References to international Standards should be replaced by equivalent Australian, New Zealand or
Australian/New Zealand Standards, as follows:
Reference to International Standard
or other Publication
Australian/New Zealand Standard
ISO
14040 Environmental management Life
cycle assessment Principles and
framework
AS/NZS ISO
14040 Environmental management Life
cycle assessment Principles and
framework
Copyright STANDARDS AUSTRALIA/ STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND
Users of Standards are reminded that copyright subsists in all Standards Australia and Standards New Zealand publications and software.
Except where the Copyright Act allows and except where provided for below no publications or software produced by
Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or transmitted by any means
without prior permission in writing from Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand. Permission may be conditional on an
appropriate royalty payment. Australian requests for permission and information on commercial software royalties should be directed to
the head office of Standards Australia. New Zealand requests should be directed to Standards New Zealand.
Up to 10 percent of the technical content pages of a Standard may be copied for use exclusively in-house by purchasers of the
Standard without payment of a royalty or advice to Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand.
Inclusion of copyright material in computer software programs is also permitted without royalty payment provided such programs
are used exclusively in-house by the creators of the programs.
Care should be taken to ensure that material used is from the current edition of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the Standard
is amended or revised. The number and date of the Standard should therefore be clearly identified.
The use of material in print form or in computer software programs to be used commercially, with or without payment, or in commercial
contracts is subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be varied by Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand at any time.
T
h
i
s

i
s

a

f
r
e
e

7

p
a
g
e

s
a
m
p
l
e
.

A
c
c
e
s
s

t
h
e

f
u
l
l

v
e
r
s
i
o
n

a
t

h
t
t
p
:
/
/
i
n
f
o
s
t
o
r
e
.
s
a
i
g
l
o
b
a
l
.
c
o
m
.
iii
CONTENTS
Page
1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Normative reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3 Terms and definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
4 LCI components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
5 Definition of goal and scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6 Inventory analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7 Limitation of LCI (interpreting LCI results) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
8 Study report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Annex A (informative) Examples of a data collection sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Annex B (informative) Examples of different allocation procedures . . . . . . . . . . 19
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
T
h
i
s

i
s

a

f
r
e
e

7

p
a
g
e

s
a
m
p
l
e
.

A
c
c
e
s
s

t
h
e

f
u
l
l

v
e
r
s
i
o
n

a
t

h
t
t
p
:
/
/
i
n
f
o
s
t
o
r
e
.
s
a
i
g
l
o
b
a
l
.
c
o
m
.
iv
INTRODUCTION
This International Standard deals with two phases of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), goal and scope definition and
Life Cycle Inventory analysis (LCI), as defined in ISO 14040.
The goal and scope definition phase is important because it determines why an LCA is being conducted
(including the intended use of the results) and describes the system to be studied and the data categories to be
studied. The purpose, scope and intended use of the study will influence the direction and depth of the study,
addressing issues such as the geographic extent and time horizon of the study and the quality of data which will
be necessary.
The LCI involves the collection of the data necessary to meet the goals of the defined study. It is essentially an
inventory of input/output data with respect to the system being studied.
In the interpretation phase of LCI (see clause 7 of this International Standard), the data are evaluated in light of
the goal and scope, the collection of additional data, or both. The interpretation phase also typically results in an
improved understanding of the data for reporting purposes. Since LCI is a collection and analysis of input/output
data and not an assessment of the environmental impacts associated with those data, the interpretation of LCI
results alone cannot be the basis for reaching conclusions about relative environmental impacts.
This International Standard may be used to:
assist organizations in obtaining a systematic view of interconnected product systems;
formulate the goal and scope of the study, define and model the systems to be analysed, collect the data and
report the results of an LCI;
establish a baseline of environmental performance for a given product
1)
system by quantifying the use of
energy flows and raw materials and emissions to air, water and land (environmental input and output data)
associated with that system both for the whole system but also broken down by unit process;
identify those unit processes within a product system where the greatest use of energy flows, raw materials
and emissions occur with a view to making targeted improvements;
provide data for subsequent use to help define ecolabelling criteria;
help to set policy options, e.g. concerning procurement.
This list is not exclusive, although it does summarize the primary reasons why LCI studies are carried out.
Complementary International Standards ISO 14042 and ISO 14043 concerning further phases of LCA are under
preparation (see Bibliography). A Technical Report providing examples of practice in carrying out an LCI as a
means of satisfying certain provisions of ISO 14041 is also under preparation.
1) In this International Standard, the term product used alone is synonymous to product or service.
T
h
i
s

i
s

a

f
r
e
e

7

p
a
g
e

s
a
m
p
l
e
.

A
c
c
e
s
s

t
h
e

f
u
l
l

v
e
r
s
i
o
n

a
t

h
t
t
p
:
/
/
i
n
f
o
s
t
o
r
e
.
s
a
i
g
l
o
b
a
l
.
c
o
m
.
1
AUSTRALIAN/NEW ZEALAND STANDARD
Environmental management Life cycle assessment
Goal and scope definition and inventory analysis
1 Scope
This International Standard in addition to ISO 14040 specifies the requirements and the procedures necessary for
the compilation and preparation of the definition of goal and scope for a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), and for
performing, interpreting and reporting a Life Cycle Inventory analysis (LCI).
2 Normative reference
The following normative document contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions
of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, this publication
do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate
the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the normative document indicated below. For undated
references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 14040:1997, Environmental management Life cycle assessment Principles and framework.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the terms and definitions given in ISO 14040 and the following
apply.
3.1
ancillary input
material input that is used by the unit process producing the product, but does not constitute a part of the product
EXAMPLE A catalyst.
3.2
coproduct
any of two or more products from the same unit process
3.3
data quality
characteristic of data that bears on their ability to satisfy stated requirements
3.4
energy flow
input to or output from a unit process or product system, quantified in energy units
NOTE Energy flow that is input may be called energy input; energy flow that is output may be called energy output.
COPYRIGHT
T
h
i
s

i
s

a

f
r
e
e

7

p
a
g
e

s
a
m
p
l
e
.

A
c
c
e
s
s

t
h
e

f
u
l
l

v
e
r
s
i
o
n

a
t

h
t
t
p
:
/
/
i
n
f
o
s
t
o
r
e
.
s
a
i
g
l
o
b
a
l
.
c
o
m
.



This is a free preview. Purchase the entire pubIication at the Iink beIow:








Looking for additional Standards? Visit SA Global nfostore
Subscribe to our Free Newsletters about Australian Standards in Legislation; SO, EC, BS and more
Do you need to Manage Standards Collections Online?
Learn about LexConnect, All Jurisdictions, Standards referenced in Australian legislation
Do you want to know when a Standard has changed?
Want to become an SA Global Standards Sales Affiliate?
Learn about other SA Global Services:
LOGCOM Military Parts and Supplier Database
Metals nfobase Database of Metal Grades, Standards and Manufacturers
Materials nfobase Database of Materials, Standards and Suppliers
Database of European Law, CELEX and Court Decisions

Need to speak with a Customer Service Representative - Contact Us



T
h
i
s

i
s

a

f
r
e
e

7

p
a
g
e

s
a
m
p
l
e
.

A
c
c
e
s
s

t
h
e

f
u
l
l

v
e
r
s
i
o
n

a
t

h
t
t
p
:
/
/
i
n
f
o
s
t
o
r
e
.
s
a
i
g
l
o
b
a
l
.
c
o
m
.

Вам также может понравиться