Admittance

Admittance
In electrical engineering, the admittance (Y) is a measure of how easily a circuit or device will allow a current to flow. It is defined as the inverse of the impedance (Z). The SI unit of admittance is the siemens (symbol S). Oliver Heaviside coined the term in December 1887.[1]

where Y is the admittance, measured in siemens Z is the impedance, measured in ohms Note that the synonymous unit mho, and the symbol (an upside-down uppercase omega ), are also in common use. Resistance is a measure of the opposition of a circuit to the flow of a steady current, while impedance takes into account not only the resistance but also dynamic effects (known as reactance). Likewise, admittance is not only a measure of the ease with which a steady current can flow, but also the dynamic effects of the material's susceptance to polarization:

where is the admittance, measured in siemens (a.k.a. mho, the inverse of ohm). is the conductance, measured in siemens. is the susceptance, measured in siemens.

Conversion from impedance to admittance

Parts of this article or section rely on the reader's knowledge of the complex impedance representation of capacitors and inductors and on knowledge of the frequency domain representation of signals. The impedance, Z, is composed of real and imaginary parts,

where R is the resistance, measured in ohms X is the reactance, measured in ohms

Admittance, just like impedance, is a complex number, made up of a real part (the conductance, G), and an imaginary part (the susceptance, B), thus:

where G (conductance) and B (susceptance) are given by:

The magnitude and phase of the admittance are given by:

Admittance

where G is the conductance, measured in siemens B is the susceptance, also measured in siemens Note that (as shown above) the signs of reactances become reversed in the admittance domain; i.e. capacitive susceptance is positive and inductive suceptance is negative.

Admittance in mechanics
In mechanical systems (particularly in the field of haptics), an admittance is a dynamic mapping from force to motion. In other words, an equation (or virtual environment) describing an admittance would have inputs of force and would have outputs such as position or velocity. So, an admittance device would sense the input force and "admit" a certain amount of motion. Similar to the electrical meanings of admittance and impedance, an impedance in the mechanical sense can be thought of as the "inverse" of admittance. That is, it is a dynamic mapping from motion to force. An impedance device would sense the input motion and "impede" the motion with some force. An example of these concepts is a virtual spring. The equation describing a spring is Hooke's Law,

If the input to the virtual spring is the spring displacement, x, and the output is the force that the virtual spring applies, F, then the virtual spring would be classified as an impedance. If the input to the virtual spring is the force applied to the spring, F, and the output is the spring displacement, x, then the virtual spring would be classified as an admittance.

Admittance in geophysics
The geophysical conception of admittance is similar to that described above for mechanical systems. The concept is primarily used for describing the small effects of atmospheric pressure on earth gravity. Studies have also been carried out regarding the gravity of Venus.[2] Admittance in geophysics takes atmospheric pressure as the input and measures small changes in the gravitational field as the output. Geophysics admittance is commonly measured in Gal/mbar. These units convert according to 1 Gal= 0.01m/s2 and 1 bar= 100 kPa, so in SI units the measurement would be in units of; or or or, in primary units

However, the relationship is not a straightforward one of proportionality. Rather, an admittance function is described which is time and frequency dependent in a complex way.[3]

Admittance

Thermal admittance in building fabric

In the field of heat transfer, the thermal admittance of a material, such as a building fabric, is a measure of the ability of a material to transfer heat in the presence of a temperature difference on opposite sides of the material. Thermal admittance is measured in units of Watts per unit area (meters) per temperature change (K). Thermal admittance of a building fabric affects a building's thermal response to variation in outside temperature. [4]

References

Article Sources and Contributors

Article Sources and Contributors

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