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H. Ilkin Bilgesu Petroleum & Natural Gas Engineering College of Engineering & Mineral Resources WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY
PNGE 310
Chapter 2a - Page 1 of 10
HISTORY OF DRILLING
Cable tool drilling Rotary drilling Downhole motors
ROTARY DRILLING
Major Systems of the Rotary Rig: 1. The drill string and the bit (Rotary system) 2. The fluid circulating system 3. The hoisting system 4. Rig power system 5. Well control system (Blow-out prevention system) 6. Well monitoring system
PNGE 310
Chapter 2a - Page 2 of 10
Rotary System: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Bit Down-hole motor* Bottom Hole Assembly Drill Collars Drill pipe Kelly* a. Kelly bushing* 7. Swivel * : Depends on the drilling method.
Fluid Circulating System: 1. 2. 3. 4. Mud pits Mud tanks Mud blenders Mud pump a. Double-acting design (Duplex) b. Triple-acting (Triplex) 5. Compressors* 6. Stand pipe 7. Hose 8. Gooseneck 9. Swivel 10. Kelly* 11. Drill Pipe 12. Drill Collar 13. Downhole motor* 14. Bit
Hoisting System: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Derrick Crown block Traveling block Hook Drilling line Fast line Dead line Drawworks
PNGE 310
Chapter 2a - Page 3 of 10
Rig Power System: 1. Power Type a. Diesel-electric type b. Direct-drive type 2. Power-system performance characteristics: c. Output horsepower d. Torque e. Fuel consumption Shaft power: P=wT
Heating Value Density Fuel type Btu/lbm lbm.gal 19,000 7.2 Diesel 20,000 6.6 Gasoline 21,000 4.7 Butane 24,000 Methane
Well Control System: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Annular preventers Blind rams Pipe rams Diverter line Kill line Choke line Accumulators
Well Monitoring System: 1. 2. 3. 4. Depth Penetration rate Hook load Rotary speed
PNGE 310
Chapter 2a - Page 4 of 10
5. Rotary torque 6. Pump speed 7. Pump pressure 8. Mud density 9. Mud temperature 10. Mud salinity 11. Gas content of mud 12. Hazardous gas content of air 13. Mud flow rate 14. Pit level 15. Cuttings
PNGE 310
Chapter 2a - Page 5 of 10
PNGE 310
Chapter 2a - Page 6 of 10
BIT PLANNING
Factors to evaluate: o Bit cost o Expected parameters o Formation types and properties o Mud system o Rig cost Drill bits remove rocks by: o Exceeding its shear strength o Exceeding its compressive strength Bit types: o Drag bits o Roller cone bits Two-cone bits Three-cone bits Four-cone bits o Polycrstalline Diamond Compact bits (PCD) o Diamond bits o Hammer bits Bit Design factors: o Type of formation o Hardness of formation o Size of the hole Factors considered in the design of the manufacturing: o Journal angle o Amount of offset o Teeth o Bearings o Relationship between teeth and bearings Rock bit classification: o IADC : International Association of Drilling Contractors 1 ------- 8 , 1 ---- 4 , 1 ----------- 9 Major Group Subgroup Specialty Feature 1-3 , 4-8 Mill Insert Tooth PDC bits o Design factors: Bit body material Heat treated alloy
PNGE 310
Chapter 2a - Page 7 of 10