VersesofGhadir Author:AlMustafaCenterforIslamicResearches Introduction Chapter1:TheThreeVersesOfGhadir Chapter2:TheHolyProphet(S)sSuccessionWasRaisedDuringHisLifetime Chapter3:TheProphet(S)ForetellsAboutTheTwelveImams(a.s.

ms(a.s.) (C)TheImamsarefromQuraysh,butfromtheAhlalBayt WahhabismandtheConditionofBelongingtoQuraysh ScholarsInvolvementinSafinahsNarration Chapter4:TheHumanitarianEquity FirstBasis TheProphetsNeedForPeoplesProtectionDuringConveyingTheMissions ConquestofMakkahBewilderstheJurisprudents Chapter5:TheVerseofIsmah IndirectReportsTurnintoReliableOpinions TheOpinionAgreeingtheAhlalBaytsInterpretation GeneralRemarksRegardingtheOtherOpinions TheStoryOfGhadir Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

Chapter6:TheVerseofIkmalalDin(TheFinalVerse) TheAhlalBaytandtheVerseofIkmalalDin Chapter7:TheVerseofSa`il Chapter8:References

Introduction IntheNameofAllah,theBeneficent,theMerciful AllPraisebelongstoAllahalone,andhonorableandperfectblessingsbeuponMuhammad andhisinfallible,immaculateProgeny. Unfortunately,scholarshavenotregardedadequatelythreequestionsconcerningthe Prophetsmissions.ThefirstquestionistheconveyanceoftheLordsmessagebeingthe originalmissionoftheProphets.ThispointisinfactthepivotonwhichtheProphetsmissions andactionsaregrounded,andispurposedforsubstantiatingtheLordsclaimonHisservants. AProphetisthenaconveyorofanepistle;hefearstheLordandworksforevadingHisireand tormentincaseheviolatestheinstructions.Forthisreason,theProphetswerewonttocall peopletowitnessontheperfectionoftheirconveyance.Inaddition,theyarenotaskedto enforcepeopletoadmitandaccepttheirpromulgationsand,similarly,notadmittedtosubmit peopletotheirmissions. Asasecondrule,coercioninmattersofthedivinereligionisrejected.Itisobligatoryto preservepeoplesfreedomofbelievingorrefutation.Theyare,likewise,freetocommit themselvestothereligionortodeviate.Thisistheverymeaningofopeningtheschooloflife inthisworldandtestingpeopleinguidanceordeviationbygivingthemtheabilitytodogood andevil,andtheresultwillbedeclaredonanotherstageandinanotherworld.Drawing peopletothereligionbyforceiscontrarytotheprinciplesofthisdivinetestaswellastothe

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freedomofchoice. ThesecondquestionistheProphetsgoalsbeingtoministertothegrandissuesofpeopleand societies.AmessengerofAllahiscomparedtoanengineerspecializedintheconstructionof cultures,societiesandhistory.TheProphetsmissionsshouldthusbelookeduponfromthese angles.Ascholarmustaskhimselfhowpeoplesculturesandhistoryshouldhavebeenifa certainProphet(S)hadnotbeengiventheDivineMission,andwhatchangeshadbeenmade whenthatProphet(S)conveyedtheLordsMessage. Inotherwords,weshouldwonderhowpaganismwouldhavelookedlikenowadaysifProphet AbrahamhadnotbeenchosenforconveyingtheDivineMissionorifhehadnotestablished theprinciplesofmonotheism.WeshouldalsowonderwhatthesituationintheArablandsin particularandthewholeworldingeneralwouldhavebeenifProphetMuhammad(S)[1]had notbeenchosenfortheDivineMissionandwhatwouldhaveoccurredhadhenotperfected thebeliefofmonotheismgivingititscurrentform. TheHolyProphet(S)smissionwastoestablishanationandtoleadittooccupyanadvanced, ifnotpioneer,positionamongstothernations,andthisformationhasbeenprovedthebestin contentandstructure.ItisundeniablethattheHolyProphet(S)waskeenongivingthe leadershipoftheUmmah[2]tohisAhlalBayt[3](a.s.)[4]astheyhavebeenthechoiceofAllah Whopurifiedthemthoroughly[5]andgavethemHisBookinheritageexclusively.[6]Ifpeople rejecttheAhlalBaytsdivinelycommissionedImamate,[7]itwillthenmakenodifferencefor anyonetoholdit,inorderthatAllahmightbringaboutamatterthatwastobedone,whichis theadventoftheConcealedImam(alMahditheExpected). ThethirdquestionisthattheHolyProphet(S)spersonalityisindisputablypresentand effective,yetlimitedandminute,intheprocessoftheconveyance.Nonecandenythefact thattheHolyProphet(S)wasintelligent,genius,worthyofleadershipandfreetoactaswell asdivinelyselected,thoughhisownidentityisrestrictedduringthepromulgationofthe Mission.Whatismeantbyidentityisnottheoppositeofmechanism,sincetheHolyProphet (S)sobediencetowhatwasrevealedtohimwastheresultofperfectsatisfaction,faithand observance. TheareainwhichtheHolyProphet(S)wasallowedtopracticehispersonalinferenceformed anarrowpointinproportiontothelargeareaofhispractices. Hence,hewasjustlikeanengineerwhosemanagerbindshimwithgivingeffectstoalarge project.Thisengineerissatisfiedthatheshouldcontacthismanagerfrequentlysoastoevade anymistakeand,meanwhile,heworks,thinksandcarriesonworking;stillhecontactsthe centersothathereceivesthestrategiesandconsultssavingfromproblems.Thisexampleis, Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

however,ahighlymicroscopicviewoftheHolyProphet(S)smission. RegardingtheCenteroftheHolyProphet(S),AlmightyAllahisunparalleledinentityand deeds.Dependingupontheprevious,anystudyoftheHolyProphet(S)slifeaccountshould regardthreematters; (1)theHolyProphet(S)smissionwastocarrywhatwasrevealedtohim, (2)histaskwastobuildanationandhelpitfinditswayinhistoryand, (3)heoughttofollowtheLordsinstructionsineachandeveryaction. AdeeplookattheHolyProphet(S)slifeprovesthethreeaforementionedpoints.Almighty AllahhasobviouslymanagedtheHolyProphet(S)saffairsfromstarttofinish,andtheHoly Prophet(S)obeyedhisLordsinstructionssubmissively.Therefore,theresultsofhisdeeds achievedanextraordinaryattainmentthatexceededalltheintellectualitiesandsensesof sociologists. TheHolyProphet(S)createdaninternational,civilizedandideologicalextensioninarelative periodwiththeleastmaterialandhumanecasualties.DespitethetruculenceoftheHoly Prophet(S)sfoesthatwagedfiercewarsagainsthim,thecasualtiesofbothsidesdidnot attaintwothousandvictims,sinceitwastheLordwhosupervisedtheHolyProphet(S)s management. TheHolyQuranwasuninterruptedlyrevealedtotheHolyProphetsincethefirstdayofhis Missionuptoafewdaysbeforehisdecease.ArchangelGabrielvisitedhimfrequentlywith QuranicVerses,revelation,instructions,directives, answersandlikethings.ThereareinnumerableexamplesontheDivinepresenceand interventiontosaveasituationinthelifeoftheHolyProphet(S)provingthathewouldnot havebehavedpersonallyexceptwhenheappliedthegenerallinesandcarriedonthedetailed commandmentsdrawnbytheDivineRevelation.Onmanyoccasions,theHolyProphet(S), havingwaitedfortheRevelation,wouldnotactpersonally.Heisreportedtohavesaid,Ihave beengiventheBookanditslike. ItslikestandsfortheinstructionscarriedbyArchangelGabrielthatlaterontooktheformof Hadith.[8]Thismeansthathistraditionswerealsorevealedtohim,justliketheHoly Quran.[9]Besides,theseinstructionsincludedhispersonalaffairssuchasmarriage,divorce, dress,eating,sleeping,ablutionandevenbrushingtheteeth.TheHolyProphet(S)s endowment,detriment,cherishing,malice,residence,touring,satisfactionandrage;allwere determinedbyrevealedinstructions. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

ImamalSadiq(a.s.)toldthestoryofanatheistwhodisputed,belied,harmedandthreatened theHolyProphet(S)facetoface.TheHolyProphet(S)becamesoangrythattheveinofire wasclearlyseenbetweenhiseyes.Ashenoddedhisheaddown,ArchangelGabrielcameto himandrevealed,YourLordaskedmetocarryHiscomplimentstoyouandtoinformyou thatthemaninfrontofyouisgenerousandheusedtoservefoodtopeople.Atonce,the HolyProphet(S)sangervanished;hespoketotheman,Iwouldhavebanishedyouandmade youanexamplehadnotArchangelGabrielcametomeandtold,onbehalfofmyLord,that youhavebeengenerousasyouusedtoservepeoplewithfood. DoesyourLordfavorgenerosity?askedtheman.Yes,Hedoes,answeredtheHolyProphet (S).InowdeclarethatthereisnogodbutAllahandthatyouaretheMessengerofAllah.I swearbyHimWhosendsyouwiththetruth,Ihaveneverrejectedabeggarsrequest, declaredtheman.[10] Oneday,amanaskedImamalBaqir(a.s.)whethertheHolyProphet(S)snominationofImam `AliashissuccessorandtheMuslimsnextleaderhadbeenapersonalconductoradivine directive.Woeisyou!ImamalBaqirsaidangrily,TheHolyProphet(S)wastooreverentto saywhatAllahdidnotorderhimtosay.Liketheprayers,zakat,[11]fastingandHajj,[12]the HolyProphet(S)snominatingImam`Aliforhisvicegerenceywasadivineorder.[13] TheHolyProphet(S)sSuccessionBeingaSimpleTheme ThequestionofholdingtheHolyProphet(S)spositionafterhisdeceaseissimple,not complicated.TheAhlalBaytandtheirShi`ahfollowersclaimtheHolyProphet(S)s nominatingImam`Ali(a.s.)asMuslimsnextleaderanditisthusunacceptableforpeopleof Quraysh,[14]oranyothers,tochooseanyoneelsesincetheHolyProphet(S)snomination wasonlytheconveyanceoftheLordsinstruction.PeopleofQuraysh,unfortunately,denied thisnominationafewhoursaftertheHolyProphet(S)sdemise[15]claimingthattheHoly Prophet(S)sauthorityshouldbedistributedamongthetwentythreeclansofQuraysh. Therefore,theyselectedAbuBakrwhobelongedtotheQurayshiteclanofTaymibnMurrah fortheleadership. Thismannominated`UmaribnalKhattabwhobelongedtotheQurayshiteclanof`Adiashis successor.BythesocalledShura(theAdvisoryCouncil),`UmarnominatedanotherQurayshite manwhobelongedtotheclanofUmayyahibn`AbdShams,namely`Uthmanibn`Affan,ashis successor. TheyneitherelectedanyofAnsar,[16]becausetheywerenotfromQurayshandthushadno rightintheauthorityoftheQurayshiteProphet(S),noranyoftheHashimites[17]thoughthey weretheworthiestofthisposition,becausetheywere,intheviewoftheconspiratorsagainst Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

theleadershipofIslam,justliketheotherQurayshiteclansmostofwhomdidnotwantfor theHashimitestowinthepositionofleadershipaftertheyhadwonthepositionof Prophethood! Thus,thematterisverysimple;didtheHolyProphet(S)nominateasuccessorornot? Nevertheless,itisverycomplicatedthatpeopleofQurayshandtheirfansdonotwantto discussbecauseitdemolishestheirstructureandlegality.Furthermore,theyhavewarnedall peoplenottodiscussthismatterclaimingitsbeingarduous,complicatedandevenharam[18] tobediscussed! TheVersesofGhadir[19]areonlyapartoftheQuranictextsthatdeclaredImam`Aliandthe AhlalBaytasthedivinelycommissionedleadersoftheUmmah.LateandcurrentSunniand ShiiteauthorsandexegeteshavebeenauthoringbooksdiscussingtheVersesandHadiths abouttheAhlalBaytandtheirrolesintheUmmah.Inthisregard,letusrefertotwowell knownandavailablereferences: (1)AlHafizAbuNa`imalIsfahani:MaNazalafi`AliMinalQuran(QuranicVersesrespecting `Ali) (2)AlNassa`i:Khasa`isAmiralMu`minin`Ali(Peculiaritiesof`AliAmiralMu`minin).[20] TheThreeVersesofGhadir OMessenger!DeliverwhatbasbeenrevealedtoyoufromyourLord;andifyoudoitnot, thenyouhavenotdeliveredHismessage,andAllahwillprotectyoufromthepeople;surely Allahwillnotguidetheunbelievingpeople.[SurahalMa`idah5:67] ThisdayhaveIperfectedforyouyourreligionandcompletedMyfavoronyouandchosen foryouIslamasareligion.[SurahalMa`idah5:3]Onedemanding,demandedthe chastisementwhichmustbefall.[SurahalMaarij70:1] ThroughoutourdiscussionsofthesethreeVersesofGhadir,wewillattractattentionstotheir firmrelationtotheHolyProphet(S)ssermonsduringtheFarewellHajj.[21]Ithenceseems necessarytodiscussthesesixsermonsaswell,sincetheycontaintheHolyProphet(S)s instructinghispeopletofollowthetwoweighty(precious)thingstheQuranandtheAhlal Bayt(a.s.).[22]Healsocarriedthegoodtidingstohispeople,intheSermonof`Arafat,that AlmightyAllahhassolvedthequestionofthevicegerenceyandhasthuschosenthetwelve divinelycommissionedImams.Moreover,itseemsessentialtodiscusstherelationship betweentheHolyProphet(S)andtheQurayshitechiefspertainingtotheleadershipofthe AhlalBayt(a.s.). Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 WehopethesewouldbeusefuldiscussionsbywhichAlmightyAllahmayrewardusinthe Hereafterandincludeuswiththeintercession(Shafa`ah)ofMuhammadandhisimmaculate progeny,peacebeuponthemall. AlMustafaCenterforIslamicResearches 13/Rajab/1419A.H Notes: [1](S)abbreviationofS^allalLahualayhiwalihiwasallam:peaceandAllahsbessings beuponhimandhisholyprogeny [2]UmmahistheIslamicNationtheMuslimscommunityfoundedbyProphet(S) Muhammad,comprisingindividualsboundtooneanotherpredominantlybyreligiousties. [3]TheAhlalBayt(PeopleoftheHouse)isatermdedicatedtothefamilyoftheHolyProphet (S).Moreprecisely,itisdedicatedtodefiniteindividuals;namely,Imam`AliibnAbiTalib, FatimahalZahra`(theHolyProphet(S)sdaughterandImam`Aliswife),alHasanibn`Ali,and alHusaynibn`Ali.ThenineImmaculateImams(namely,`AliibnalHusaynalSajjad, Muhammadibn`AlialBaqir,Ja`faribnMuhammadalSadiq,MusaibnJa`faralKazim,`Aliibn MusaalRida,Muhammadibn`AlialJawad,`AliibnMuhammadalHadi,alHasanibn`Alial `Askari,andalMahditheAwaited)arealsowithintheAhlalBayt. [4](a.s.)abbreviationofAlayhihahumassalam,peacebeuponhim,herorthem,that hasbeenusedbesidesthenamesoftheprophets,anglels,themembersofAhalBaytandthe WomenofParadise(Khadija,Fatima,Maria,Asyiah). [5]ThisisanindicationtoAllahssayingintheHolyQur`an(SurahofalAhzab33:33):Allah onlydesirestokeepawaytheuncleannessfromyou,OpeopleoftheHouse!andtopurifyyou a(thorough)purifying. [6]ThisisanindicationtoAllahssayingintheHolyQur`an(SurahofFatir35:32):ThenWe gavetheBookforaninheritancetothosewhomWechosefromamongOurservants. [7]ImamateisthesuccessionoftheHolyProphet(S). Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

[8]HadithisthebodyoftraditionsconcerningthesayingsanddoingsoftheHolyProphet(S), consideredtobesecondinauthoritytotheHolyQur`an. [9]SunanalDarimi;1/145 [10]AlKulayni:alKafi4/29. [11]ZakatistheobligatorypaymentmadeannuallyunderIslamiclawoncertainkindsof propertyandusedforcharitableandreligiousobjects. [12]HajjisthepilgrimagetotheSacredMosqueatMakkahundertakeninthetwelfthmonth oftheMuslimyearandconstitutingoneofthereligiousdutiesofIslam. [13]AlKulayni:alKafi1/298. [14]QurayshisthenameofthetribethatinhabitedMakkahinthetimeoftheHolyProphet (S)andtowhichhebelonged.Quraysh,yet,wasthenameofoneoftheHolyProphet(S)s forefathers. [15]Infact,peopleofQurayshdeniedthewholematterandclaimedthattheHolyProphet(S) hadnevernominatedorelectedanyoneforvicegerencey. [16]AnsarisatitlesaidtothepeopleofYathrib,lateronalMadinah(alMunawwarah),who supportedandreceivedtheHolyProphet(S)andhisfollowersaftertheyhadimmigratedfrom Makkah. [17]HashimitesarethesonsanddescendantsofHashimibn`AbdManaf,thesecond grandfatheroftheHolyProphet(S)andtheHashimitesarethustheuncles,cousins,and descendantsoftheHolyProphet(S). [18]IllegalaccordingtotheIslamicdoctrine. [19]GhadirorGhadirKhummisaplacebetweenMakkahandMedinawheretheHoly Prophet(S)declaredImam`AliasthenextleaderoftheUmmahandmadeitincumbenton Muslimsofallgenerationstoobeythisleadershipandconsideritasadivinedirective.See MuhammadBaqirAnsari:WhatHappenedinGhadir,translatedbyBadrShahin,Mowlood KaabaPublications,QumIran,2000. [20]AlTabarihasalsocompiledabook,intwovolumes,inthisregardentitledalWilayah (TheVicegerencey).Unfortunately,thisbookhasnotbeenprintedyet. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 [21]TheFarewellHajjisthefinalritualcollectivepilgrimageledbytheHolyProphet(S). [22]ThisisanindicationtotheHolyProphet(S)sfamousstatement:Iamleavingamongyou thatwhichwillsaveyoufromdeviationforeverifyouonlyadhereto:theBookofAllahand myprogenymyhousehold.HaveIconveyed(toyouthismatter)?AlYa`qubi:alTarikh (BookofHistory)2/92.

Chapter1:TheThreeVersesOfGhadir AlmightyAllahhasinstructedtheHolyProphet(S)toguidehispeopletotheritesoftheritualHajj afterhehadguidedthemtotheritualprayer,fastingandzakat.Thatwasjustbeforestartingthe FarewellHajj.He,theExalted,alsoinstructedhisProphet(S)toshowthempubliclythenext leader.Throughoutthehistoryofhumankind,theAlmightydidthesamethingwithallofHis Prophetswhohaddepartedthisworldonlyaftertheyhadperfectedthereligionanddelivered thedivineMissiontotheirnominatedheirswhomtheymusthavedesignatedpublicly. TheHolyProphet(S)carriedtheLordsinstructionwhenhesummonedpeopletoparticipatein thatfinalHajjsothathewouldteachthemtheritesandwouldnominateImam`Aliashis vicegerentandpeoplesleader.Nevertheless,heanticipatedthatpeopleofQurayshwouldobject tosuchanominationfortheyhadalreadybornenvyandmalicetotheHashimites.Healso expectedthattheywouldcriticizehisdivineProphethoodandaccusehimofestablishinga monarchyforhishouseholdsimilartotheseofKhosrow(kingofPersia)orCaesar(kingofthe Romans).Ifthathappened,itwouldcreateamovementofapostasyamongMuslims. Atanyrate,theHolyProphet(S)performedtheFarewellHajjandaddressedfivesermonsin Makkah,`ArafatandMinainwhichheguidedpeopletotheritesandregulationsofthereligion, foretoldaboutthecomingTwelveImamsoutofhisprogenyandemphasizedthatpeoplewould notbesavedagainstdeviationunlesstheywouldholdfasttothetwoweightythings;theQuran andtheAhlalBayt.Healsowarnedagainstthedeviousleadersandagainst[someof]his companionswhowouldavertand,asaresult,theLordshoulddeprivethemofjoiningtheHoly Prophet(S)attheDivinePoolontheResurrectionDay. BecauseofpeopleofQurayshsirritablesituation,theHolyProphet(S)didnotemphasizeonthe comingleadershipofhisprogenyofficially.Hetriedtopassuporderingthemtopayhomageto Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

`AliduringtheceremoniesoftheFarewellHajj. DuringthejourneybacktoalMadinah,ArchangelGabrielcarriedtotheHolyProphet(S)Almighty Allahssaying, OMessenger!DeliverwhatbasbeenrevealedtoyoufromyourLord;andifyoudoitnot,then youhavenotdeliveredHismessage,andAllahwillprotectyoufromthepeople;surelyAllahwill notguidetheunbelievingpeople.[SurahalMa`idah5:67] Immediately,theHolyProphet(S)orderedthecaravanstohaltatGhadirKhummanddelivered theLordsmessage.Heraised`Alitotheminbarlikeheightmadeofsaddles,tookhimupfromthe armanddeclaredhimasthenextleader.Healsoorderedtoestablishatentinwhich`Aliwould sitandMuslimswouldcongratulatehimonthisleadingposition.TheattendantMuslimsoffered congratulationsandpaidhimhomage.Onthatoccasion,AlmightyAllahrevealed, ThisdayhaveIperfectedforyouyourreligionandcompletedMyfavoronyouandchosenfor youIslamasareligion.[SurahalMa`idah5:3] ThatwasontheeighteenthofDhulHijjah. BeforeandafterhisarrivalatalMadinah,peopleofQurayshandthehypocritesstartedtheir activitiesagainsttheHolyProphet(S).AlloftheirplotswerefoiledbytheLordWhoprotectedHis Messengeragainstanymovementofmutinyorapostasyduringhislifetime.Variousmeanswere usedforthispurpose.Oneofthesewastheheavenlychastisementinflicteduponthosewho objectedandprotestedagainsthim.JabiribnalNadribnalHarithal`Abdariwhosefatherwas thechiefofthe[tribeof]`AbdalDarandthecommanderofthepolytheistsarmyagainstMuslims duringtheBattleofBadrwasoneofthoseobjectors: Abu`UbaydalHarawi,inGharibalQuran,recordsthefollowing: AftertheHolyProphet(S)sconveyanceoftheLordscommissioninGhadirKhummhadbeen widelyknown,alHarithibnalNu`manalFihri(orJabiribnalNadribnalHarithibnKildahal `Abdari,accordingtoAbu`Ubaydsreport)cametotheHolyProphet(S)andsaid,OMuhammad! Youhaveorderedus,onbehalfofAllah,todeclarethatthereisnogodbutAllahandthat MuhammadbeingtheMessengerofAllah,performtheprayers,observefastinginthemonthof Ramadan,undertakethe[obligatory]Hajjanddefraythezakat;andwehaveadmitted. Nevertheless,allthesehavenotsufficedyouuntilyouraisedyourcousinfromthearmand precededhimtoussaying,`Aliwillnowbethemasterofhimwhosevermasterwasme.Isthis yourowndirectiveorisitduetoAllahs?TheHolyProphet(S)answered,ByAllahthereisno Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

godbutWhomItaketheoath,itissurelyAlmightyAllahsdirective.Jabirturnedhisfacetowards hisridinganimalsaying,OAllah!IfMuhammadswordsaretrue,thenrainuswithaheavenly stoneorinflictapainfulchastisementuponus.BeforeJabircouldreachhisanimal,theLord rainedhimwithastonethatfellontheheadandwentoutfromtheanus.Hence,hewaskilled and,consequently,Allahrevealed, Onedemanding,demandedthechastisementwhichmustbefall.[SurahalMaarij70:1] DespitethefactthatagoodnumberofSunnireferencebooksofTafsirandHadithhaveadopted thesameexegesesofthethreeVersesrevealedfortheeventofGhadirKhumm,othershave adoptedotheropinionsmostofwhicharecontradictory. Thefollowingdiscussionsareintroducedaspreliminaryintroductionstotheexegesisofthethree VersesofGhadir. Chapter2:TheHolyProphet(S)sSuccessionWasRaisedDuringHisLifetime (1)TheHolyProphet(S)sSuccessionWasRaisedDuringHisLifetime ClearevidencesandlogicprovethattheHolyProphet(S)raisedthequestionofhissuccession sincethefirststagesofhisDivineMissionuntilthelastsparksofhislife.Thispointwasalso acceptableandnormal,yetitstandsoutagainstSunnireferencebooksclaimingthathedidnot nominateanyforhissuccessionandthatMuslimsneverdiscussedorputforthsuchanidea beforehim.Anyhow,numerousHadithshaveshownthattheHolyProphet(S)referredtothe ImamateoftheAhlalBayt.Letusrefertosomeoftheseevidences. FirstEvidence ManytextsbearoutthattheHolyProphet(S)invitedthetribestothenewreligionatthe beginningofhisDivineMissionandaskedthemtoprotecthimduringthepromulgationofhis Lordsepistle.Someofthesetribesacceptedthisinvitationprovidedthattheywouldhavethe leadershipafterhim.TheHolyProphet(S)sanswerwasthathewasnomorethanamessenger whohadnochoiceintheaffairforwhichtheywereasking.ItwasAlmightyAllahonlyWhomay nominateanyoneHedesires. Themostevidentpointsinthisregardarethestoryofthetribeof`AmiribnSa`sa`ahandthatof thetribeofKindahbothofwhichhadoccurredonthefirstdaysoftheHolyProphet(S)s promulgation,whilethestoryof`AmiribnalTufayloccurredonthelastdaysoftheHolyProphet Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

(S)slifetime. StoryoftheTribeof`AmirIbnSa`sa`ah ThefollowingisquotedfromIbnHusham,alSirah2/289: TheHolyProphet(S)cametothe[tribeof]`AmiribnSa`sa`ahandinvitedthemtothenew religion.AmancalledBaiharahibnFirasaddressedtohim,ByAllahIswear,Iwillovercomethe ArabsifIonlyassenttothisQurayshiteyoungman.IfwewillsupportyouinthismatterandAllah willgiveyouvictoryoveryouropponents,willyouholdusyourpositionthereafter?Thismatter isdecidedbyAllahonly,answeredtheHolyProphet(S),HeholdsittowhomeverHedesires. Hence,theyrejectedsaying,Wewillmakeournecksthetargetofwhatsoeveristhrownatyou andwhenAllahgivesyoutriumphitgoestoothers?Nay,wearenotinneedforyou. AftertheyhadreturnedfromthatseasonofHajj,theytoldamanwhowastoooldtoaccompany themandtowhomtheyusedtoreferalltheiraffairsaboutthestoryoftheHolyProphet(S)and theirrejectiontohiscall.Theoldmanstruckhisheadwithbothhandsandshouted,Ohforthe `Amir!Canyoucatchhimandchangeyoursituation?IswearbyHimWhoprevailsonmysoul,no singlesonof[Prophet(S)]Ishmaelcanlieinthisaffair.Itistheverytruth.Wherewereyourminds whenyourejectedhisoffer?[23] StoryoftheTribeofKindah ThisisthestoryasquotedfromIbnKathir,alSirah2/159: `AbdullahibnalAjlahsaidthathisfather,relatingthestoryofthetribeofKindahtohischiefs, said:AstheHolyProphetsoughtthetribeofKindahssupportinthepromulgationofhisMission, theystipulatedthatheshouldholdthemthepositionofauthorityafterhisdeath.Authorityis Allahs,heanswered,HehandsitovertowhomeverHedesires.Therefore,theyrejectedhis request. StoryoftheTribeof`AmirIbnalTufayl IbnKathir,inalSirah4/114,recordsthefollowing: [`Abdullah]Ibn`AbbasreportedthatArbadibnQaysibnJuz`ibnKhalidibnJa`faribnKalaband `AmiribnalTufaylibnMalikcametoalMadinahandsatbeforetheHolyProphet(S)asking,O Muhammad!WhatwillyougivemeifweacceptIslam?YouwillbegivenwhatMuslimsaregiven andforbiddenfromwhatMuslimsareforbidden,answeredtheHolyProphet(S).Willyouhold meyourpositionafteryou?asked`Amir.Thispositionisneitheryoursnoryourpeoples.Imay Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

giveyouthecommandmentsofthearmy,saidtheHolyProphet(S).Iamnowthecommanderof thearmiesofNajd.YoumaygivemetheleadershipoftheBedouinsexclusively,`Amirsaid,but theHolyProphet(S)rejected.Iwillfillinyourareawithhorsesandfighters,`Amirthreatenedas hewentout.Allahwillprotectagainstyou,commentedtheHolyProphet(S). SecondEvidence ThesecondevidenceisthatAnsarpaidhomagetotheHolyProphet(S)onthreeterms, (1)toprotecthimagainstanythingtheyprotectthemselvesagainst, (2)toprotecthispeopleandprogenyassameastheyprotecttheirpeoplesandprogeniesand (3)nottocontendonmattersofleadershipwiththeworthy,becauseMuslimsarenotgiventhe righttochoosepersonallyforthisposition.Inotherwords,theymustcomplywiththeone selectedbytheLordforthisposition. ThethirdtermshowsobviouslythattheprincipleofthedivineselectionoftheImamsfollowing theHolyProphet(S)wasadmissiblysettledsincethefirststagesoftheMission.Ansarhowever fulfilledthefirsttermcompletelybutunfortunatelytheybreachedthetwoothersverybadly. ThesethreetermshavebeenmentionedinthemostreliablereferencebooksofHadith.Letus refertosomeofsuchnarrationshereinafter: AlBukhari,inalSahih8/122,recordsthefollowing: Ithasbeennarratedthat`AbadahibnalSamitsaid:WepaidhomagetotheMessengerofAllahto listentoandobeyhimingoodandbadconditions,nottocontendedwiththeworthyof leadership,topracticeandsaythetruthwhereverweareandtoscornanyblameforsakeof Allah.[24] AlBukhari,in8/88,records: TheHolyProphet(S)askedustopayhomage,andwedid.Wesubmittedtohisstipulationsthat weshouldlistenandcomplywithhiminauspiciousandmisfortunatesituations,shouldpreferhim toourselvesandshouldnotcontendfortheleadershipunlessweseeanotoriousevidential atheism.[25] Ahmad(ibnHanbal),inalMusnad5/321,recordsthefollowing: `AbadahibnAlSamitnarratedthattheHolyProphetstated,Youshouldlistenandobeyin auspiciousandmisfortunatesituations,prefermetoyourselfandavoidcontendingagainstthe peopleofleadershipevenifyouconceiveitasyourright. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 ThesetwoadditionsaresuspicioussincehomageoccurredbeforetheHolyProphet(S)s immigrationwhentherewasnosingleexceptionfromobedience.Thequestionofthepriorityof peopleofQurayshcametoexistenceonlyafterthecompulsorydeclarationofloyaltytoAbuBakr andtheobjectionofSa`dibn`Abadah.Thisdemonstratesthatthetwoadditionsweretheresult ofthenewrelationshipbetweenAnsarandtheQurayshiteleadershipaftertheHolyProphet(S)s decease.Moreover,nosinglenarrationreferstotheHolyProphet(S)sstipulatingthetermof avoidingcontendingagainstthepeopleofleadership. InMajma`alZawa`id6/49,thefollowingisrecorded: `AbadahibnalSamitnarratedthatAs`adibnZurarahshouted,Opeople!Doyourealizewhatyou aregivingMuhammad?YouareswearingthatyouwillwagewarsagainsttheArabsandthe foreignersandthejinnandmankind.However,Ansardeclared,Wearerivalsofhisfoesand friendsofhisadherents.ThentheyaskedtheHolyProphet(S)tospeakouthisstipulations.He spoke,YoushoulddeclarethatthereisnogodbutAllahandthatIbeHismessenger,andyou shouldperformprayers,defraythezakat,listenandobey,avoidcontendingagainstthepeopleof leadershipandprotectmeassameasyouprotectyoursoulsandpeople. Husaynibn`Alinarratedthatinal`Aqabah,AnsarcametopayhomagetotheMessengerofAllah. `Aliwasorderedtoacknowledgetheirhomage:Whatshouldtheyswearfor,Allahsmessenger? asked`Ali.TheHolyProphet(S)instructed,YoushouldstipulateobediencetotheLordand protectionoftheHolyProphet(S)andhishouseholdandprogenyassameastheyprotecttheir soulsandprogenies. TheproQurayshitebooksofHadithhaveconcentratedonthepointofavoidingcontending againstthepeopleofleadershipsoastouseitasaproofondeprivingAnsarofpositionsof leadership.Ontheotherhand,theyhaveavoidedrecordingthetermofprotectingtheHoly Prophet(S),hishouseholdandprogenyassameastheyprotecttheirsouls,householdsand progeniessincethisstipulationdisagreeswiththebenefitsoftheQurayshiteleaderswho attackedandsetfireonthehouseofFatimahand`Alibecausetheyhadobjectedagainstthe illegalleadershipofAbuBakr. ThirdEvidence ThethirdevidenceisthefamousnarrationofalDar.ReferencebooksofTafsirandhistoryrefer tothisnarrationastheypassthroughAllahssaying, Andwarnyournearestrelations.(26:214) Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

ThisholyverseindicatesthattheLordorderedtheHolyProphet(S)toinvitetheHashimites exclusivelytothereligionatthefirststagesoftheMission.So,whatproceduresdidtheHoly Prophet(S)takeinthisstage?[26]Howlongdidthisprivateinvitationlast?Wasitanumberof monthsoryears,untiladivinecommandmentofexpandingtheMissionwasrevealed?Whatwas thepurportofthedivinecommandmentofdedicatingMuhammadsProphethoodtothe HashimitesbeforeitwasextendedtoincludepeopleofQuraysh,theArabsandallhumankind? WhatwasthepurportoftheQurayshitesdecisionoflayingsiegetotheHashimiteswho,afterthe enforcementofthisdecision,surroundedtheHolyProphet(S)andtoleratedthatsixyearsiege? TheHashimites,despitetheirvariousclassesoffaithfulness,showednoweaknessatall.Whatwas thepurportofthefactthatexcepttheHashimites,nonecouldendurethemisfortunesthat Muslimshadsuffered? DuringtheBattleofUhud,allMuslimsabsconded,buttheHashimitestruggledalone. DuringtheBattleofalKhandaq,nosingleMuslimhadthecouragetofacethechampionwhohad challengedthem,excepttheHashimiteheroImam`Ali(a.s.). DuringtheBattleofHunayn,tenthousandMuslimsabscondedwhiletheHashimitesalonestood firm. ThesefactsandeventssuggestasatisfactoryexplanationfortheHadithsrelatedinShiite referencebooksquotingtheHolyProphet(S)ssaying,Ihavebeensenttomyhouseholdin privateandtopeopleingeneral. TheaforementionedholyVersepointsoutthatwarningtheHashimiteswasamatteroutlinedby theLord.ItalsoreferstothefactthattheHolyProphet(S)snominatinghissuccessorfromamong themwasastepwithinthatdivineplan. AlSuyuti,inalDurralManthur5/97,recordsthefollowing: `AlinarratedthatwhentheVerse,Andwarnyournearestrelations,wasrevealed,theHoly Prophetsummonedmeandsaid,`Ali:AlmightyAllahorderedmetowarnmynearestrelations, butIwasdepressedsinceIhadrealizedthattheywouldanswermedisgracefullywheneverI wouldcallthemtothismatter. Hence,ItriedtoevadeituntilArchangelGabrielcameandthreatenedmyLordschastisementifI wouldnotcarryout.Now,Iaskyoutopreparesomefoodonwhichyoushouldcookalegofa sheepandmakeusaskinofmilk.Then,youshouldinvitesonsof`AbdalMuttalibsothatIwill speaktothemandconveythismission.IcarriedouttheHolyProphet(S)sorderscompletelyand Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

invitedsonsof`AbdalMuttalibwhowereaboutfortymen. AbuTalib,Hamzah,al`AbbasandAbuLahabwerealsoinvited.Astheyallwerepresent,theHoly Prophet(S)askedmetoservethemthefoodIhadprepared.Withhisteeth,heincisedthatpiece ofmeat,threwitspartsontheedgesofthattrencherandsaid,Hereyouare,bytheNameof Allah.Theyallatetoexcess.ByAllahIswear,eachoneateasmuchasIhadcookedforthemall. Then,theHolyProphet(S)askedmetoservethemwiththatmilk.Theyalldrankfromthatskin.I swearbyAllah,eachonedrankfullskinofmilk.AssoonastheHolyProphet(S)triedtospeak, AbuLahabinterruptedandsaid,Seehowyourmancastwitchcraftonyou.Therefore,theyleft beforehecouldspeaktothem. Thenextday,theHolyProphetsaidtome,Yousawhowthatmaninterruptedme.Today,you shouldpreparefoodassameasyoudidyesterdayandinvitethemagain.Ididthesameand invitedthem,andtheycame,ateanddrank.TheHolyProphet(S)thenspoke,Osonsof`Abdal Muttalib!ByAllah,IdonotknowanArabmanwhocanbringtohispeopleamatterbetterthan whatIambearingtoyou.IamconveyingtoyouthewelfareofthisworldaswellastheHereafter. AlmightyAllahhasorderedmetoinviteyoutothismatter.Whowillsupportmeinthisaffair?I wastheyoungestamongthemwhenIshouted,Iwill,buttheybegantolaughatmeandleftthe place. Relatingthesamereporttoanotherseriesofnarrators,alSuyutisays: AlBarra`ibn`AzibnarratedthatwhentheVerse,Andwarnyournearestrelationswas revealed,theHolyProphet(S)invitedsonsof`AbdalMuttalibwhowereaboutfortymenetc. Hence,alSuyutiinterruptsthereportatthispointsothathewouldnotmentiontherestofthe HolyProphet(S)swords.ThisstyleiscommonlyfollowedbytheproQurayshitereportersasthey refertotheNarrationofalDar,whichshowsthattheLordandtheHolyProphetselectedthe successorfromamongthenearestclansincethatday. AlAmini,inalGhadir1/207recordsthefollowing: ThefollowingisaliteralquotationofalTabarisnarrationthatdistinguishestherightfromthe wrong.InTarikh2/217(firstedition),herecords:Whowillsupportmeinthisregardandhewill bemybrother,successorandinheritoramongstyou?saidtheHolyProphet(S).Theyallstopped talkingwhenI,theyoungestamongthem,said,Iwill,Prophet(S)ofAllah!Iwillbeyourbackerin thisaffair.Hence,theHolyProphet(S)tookmefromtheneckandstated,Thisismybrother, successorandinheritor.Youshouldlistentoandobeyhim.Theyallwentoutlaughingandsaying toAbuTalib,Well,heordersyoutolistentoandobeyyourson.[AlAmini,alGhadir;2/279] Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

Inthisveryform,AbuJa`faralIskafi,aMu`tazilite[27]theologistwhodiedin240,recordsthe samereportinNaqdal`Uthmaniyyahconfirmingitsauthenticity:ItisalsorecordedinBurhanal DinsAnba`Nujaba`alAbna`468,IbnalAthirsalKamilfilTarikh2/24,AbulFida`ImadalDin alDimashqisTarikh1/116,ShihabalDinalKhafajisSharhalShifa3/37(thoughheinterruptsthe lastsentencesofthenarrationandsays:ItisrecordedinalBayhaqisDala`ilalNubuwwahand otherreferencebooksinauthenticdocumentation),andAla`alDinalBaghdadisTafsiralKhazin 390,andalSuyutisJam`alJawami`6/392.Onpage397,healsorelatesthenarrationtothesix famousHadithistsIbnIshaq,IbnJarir,IbnAbuHatam,IbnMardawayh,AbuNa`imandAl Bayhaqi.IbnAbilHadid,inSharhNahjalBalaghah3/254,recordsthesamereport. AlAminithenprotestsagainstthosewhohavedistortedthisnarrationforsakeofseekingthe satisfactionofpeopleofQuraysh.ThoughherecordsthenarrationinhisTafsir,alTabari,in Tarikh,confusesthelastwordsoftheHolyProphet(S)regarding`Ali(a.s.):hethensaid,Thisis mybrotherandsoon.ImitatingalTabari,IbnKathirmentionsthenarrationinthesame form.[28] FromthemarginofBiharalAnwar32/272,thefollowingisquoted: Thebondoffraternitybetween`AliandtheHolyProphet(S)thatwasconcludedaccordingtoa divinecommandmentinthebeginningofIslamwhenAlmightyAllahrevealedtheVerseAnd warnyournearestrelations[29]wasfalleninaformofacovenant.TheHolyProphet(S)would notbetakeabrother,representative, associateandsuccessorotherthan`Ali.Likewise,`Aliwouldnotshowanyblemishinsupporting, backingandadvisingfortheHolyProphet(S)andthereligion.ItisassameasProphet(S)Aarons supporttoProphet(S)MosesmentionedintheHolyQuran.WhentheHolyProphet(S)held bondsoffraternitybetweeneachcoupleofhiscompanions,hetookinconsiderationthe relationshiplinkingeachtwo. Hefraternized`UmarandAbuBakr,`Uthmanand`AbdalRahmanibn`Awf,alZubayrand `AbdullahibnMas`ud,`UbaydahibnalHarithandBilal,Mus`abibn`UmayrandSa`dibnAbu Waqqas,Abu`UbaydahibnalJarrahandSalimtheslaveofAbuHudhayfahandHamzahibn`Abd alMuttalibandZaydibnHarithahalKalbi.[30]Atthesemoments,hesaidto`Ali,IswearbyHim WhohassentmewiththetruththatIdelayedyousothatyouwillbededicatedtome.Forme, yourstandingisassameasAaronstoMosesis.Yet,noProphet(S)willcomeafterme. Youaremybrotherandsuccessor.YouwillbewithmeinmypalaceinParadise.Ifanydisputes you,say:IamtheservantofAllahandthebrotherofHisMessenger.Exceptfabricatorsandliars, noneshouldclaimitafteryou.[31] Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

Likewise,whentheHolyProphet(S)invitedthetribestoaccepthisMission,noneadmittedhim exceptthetribeof`AmiribnSa`sa`ah.Theirspokesman,Bayhara,stated,ByAllahIswear,Iwill overcometheArabsifIassenttothisQurayshiteyoungman.Providingwewillpayhomagetoyou inthismatterandAllahwillgiveyouvictoryoveryouropponents,willyouholdusyourposition thereafter?TheHolyProphet(S)answered,ThisisAllahsaffair.HeholdsittowhomeverHe desires.WewillmakeournecksthetargetofwhateveristhrownatyouandwhenAllahgives youtriumphitgoestoothers?Nay,wearenotinneedforyourpromulgation,they answered.[32] Asaresult,supposingtheHolyProphet(S)hadnotconcludedthatbondoffraternityand inheritancewith`Aliaccordingtoadivinecommandment,hewouldnothavewastedthis opportunityandrefutedtheminsuchdespairingwordswhilehewasinurgentneedforthe supportofsuchtribes. AlNu`manalMaghribi,inDaa`imalIslam1/15,writesdownthefollowing: Wehavealreadyrecordedthefollowingnarrationof`Ali:WhenAlmightyAllahrevealedtheVerse (Andwarnyournearestrelations),theHolyProphet(S)invitedsonsof`AbdalMuttalibtoalegof asheepandacupofmilk.Theyweremorethanfortymen.Amongthem,therewereatleastten menwhousedtohaveawholeslaughteredanimalanddrinkalargepotofdrink.Theyateand dranktoexcess.Afterthat,theHolyProphetspoke,Osonsof`AbdalMuttalib!Complywithme andyouwillbekingsandrulersofthelands. TheLordselectedasuccessor,vicegerent,inheritor,brotherandsupporterforeachProphet(S) thatHesent.Whichoneofyoushouldbemysuccessor,vicegerent,inheritor,brotherand supporter?Theyallstoppedtalking.Hepassedbythemindividually,buttheyallrejected.Iwas theyoungestamongthemwhenIansweredhim,ItisI,Allahsmessenger!Yes,itisyou,`Ali! answeredtheHolyProphet(S).Whentheyleft,AbuLahabsaidtothem,Heservedyouwitha singlelegofasheepandacupofmilkandyouhadtoexcess.Thisisanenoughproofonhis sorcery.TheyalsolaughedatAbuTalibsaying,Seehowhepreferredyoursontoyou. Withoutdoubt,thenewsoftheHolyProphet(S)sinvitationwasspreadamongpeopleofQuraysh aswellastheArabs.TheyforsuretoldeachotherthatthenewProphet(S)hadgatheredhis relativesandwarnedthemasheinvitedthemtothenewreligion.Healsoaskedforasupporter andsuccessor,butnoneacceptedexcepthisyoungcousin;therefore,hebetookhimassupporter andsuccessor. ThepreviousthreeevidencesassertthattheHolyProphet(S)ssuccessionwasamatterwidely commonforpeoplesincetheearlieststagesofhisDivineMissionuptothelastmomentsofhis life.Furthermore,everybodyrecognizedthatMuhammadsProphethoodwasapractical Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

contrivanceofaformationofastategovernedbyhimandneedforasuccessor.Hence,alltribes, fromamaterialviewpoint,conceivedhismissionasadesirableplanthattheyshouldtakeapart inbygaininghispromiseofhandinghisleadershipovertothem. ThisleadstothesuppositionthatwithintheforemostMuslimstherewerehypocritesattractedby thatcontrivance,whichseemedtobeachievingvictoryinthefuture.Eachofthemmightlook forwardtoobtainingaleadingpositioninthatstate.Thisistheonlywaybywhichwecanfinda suitableinterpretationofAllahssayingrevealedinMakkah: AndWehavenotmadethewardensoftheFireotherthanangels,andWehavenotmadetheir numberbutasatrialforthosewhodisbelieve,thatthosewhohavebeengiventheBookmaybe certainandthosewhobelievemayincreaseinfaith,andthosewhohavebeentheBookandthe believersmaynotdoubt,andthatthoseinwhoseheartsisadiseaseandtheunbelieversmaysay: WhatdoesAllahmeanbythisparable?ThusdoesAllahmakeserrwhomHepleases,andHe guideswhomHepleases,andnoneknowsthehostsofyourLordbutHeHimself;andthisis naughtbutaremindertothemortals.74/31 Fromtheabove,itishardtobelievethechieftainsofQurayshwhoclaimedthatMuslimshadnot discussedthequestionoftheHolyProphet(S)ssuccessionduringhislifetime,eveninaformof lawfulorunlawful.Correspondingly,itisunacceptabletoconcludethatMuslims,whoaskedthe HolyProphet(S)frequentlyabouttheirfutureandnarratedseveralreportsinthisregard,didnot askhimabouttheirnextleader. Notes: [23]AlTabari,Tarikh2/84andIbnKathir,alSirah2/158.InalGhadir7/134,thestoryisrelatedto IbnHusham,alSirah2/32,alRawdalAnif1/264,ImadalDinal`Amiri,BahjatalMahafil1/128, alSirahalHalabiyyah2/3,ZayniDahlan:alSirah1/302andMuhammadHasanaynHaykal,Hayatu Muhammad. [24]Also,Muslim:alSahih6/16,alNassa`isalSunan7/137,IbnMajah:alSunan2/957,Ahmad: alMusnad5/316,AlBayhaqi:alSunan8/145. [25]Also,alBayhaqi:alSunan8/145. [26]Animportanttopicistobementionedinthisregard;historiansandbiographershave attemptedtoobscurethestageofinvitingtheHashimitesexclusivelyand,instead,theyhave inventedthestagesofpreArqamshouseandpostArqamshouse,usingdoubtfulandauthentic, andirrationalandreasonablereports. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

[27]Mu`tazilah(Arabic:ThoseWhoWithdraw,orStandApart)isanIslamicschoolofspeculative theologythatflourishedinBasrahandBaghdad(8th10thcenturiesAD). [28]IbnKathiralBidayahwalNihayah3/40andTafsir3/351. [29]See,formoredetails,alTabarisTarikh2/321,IbnalAthirsalKamilfialTarikh2/24,Abul FidasTarikh1/116,IbnAbualHadidSharhNahjalBalaghah3/254,AhmadsalMusnad1/159, Jami`alJawami`6/408,andKanzal`Ummal6/401. [30]IbnHushamsalSirah1/504,alMuhabbar701andAlBaladhirisalSunan1/270. [31]AlRiyadalNadirah2/168andKanzal`Ummal5/456. [32]IbnHushamsalSirah1/424,alRawdalAnif1/264,BahjatalMahafil1/128,ZayniDahlans 1/302andalSirahalHalabiyyah;2/3.

Chapter3:TheProphet(S)ForetellsAboutTheTwelveImams(a.s.) (2)TheProphet(S)ForetellsAboutTheTwelveImams(a.s.) WebelievethatthenextleadershipoftheUmmahwasanunquestionablematterintheviewof theHolyProphet(S),sincetheLordhasgivenhimtheorderstoconveytheleadershipofhis progenytopeople.ThisistheLordstraditionwithalltheProphetswhoseprogeniesinheritedthe DivineBooks,judgmentsandProphethood.Muhammad,ourProphet(S),isindisputablythebest andthesealoftheProphets.Afterhim,noProphetshouldcome.Hence,theImamateandthe inheritanceoftheDivineBookshouldfollow.Inlikemanner,hishouseholdandprogenyarethe bestoftheProphetsprogenies.TheLordhaspurifiedthemthoroughlyandhasgiventhemthe judgmentandtheDivineBookexclusively.ThisisclearinHissayings: Surely,AllahchoseAdamandNuh(Noah)andthedescendantsofIbrahim(Abraham)andthe descendantsof`Imranabovethenations.Offspringoneoftheother;andAllahisHearing, Knowing.3:34 ThenWegavetheBookforaninheritancetothosewhomWechosefromamongOurservants. 35:32 Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 AsherealizedthatpeopleofQurayshhadenviedtheHashimitesandplannedfortakingthem awayfromthepositionofleadershipafterhim,theHolyProphet(S)usedstylesofwisdomand gradualityinhisfrequentannouncementsoftheProgenysleadership.Whentheyusedrude practicesandsayingsagainsttheHashimites,heusedastyleofaPropheticireagainstthem.The FarewellHajjwasanexcellentopportunityforhimtocarrythedivinecommandmentregarding hisHouseholdsnextleadershiptohisUmmahinamassivescope. Aftertheconveyanceofthepreceptsandrulings,theexpansionoftheIslamicstate,thereduction ofdangersandthedeclarationoftheHolyProphet(S)simminentdeparture,nothingremained savethedeclarationofthenextleadership.Inadditiontoauthentictexts,logicprovesthatthe HolyProphet(S)paidthegreatestattentiontothisquestionduringtheFarewellHajj.Peopleof QurayshrecognizedtheHolyProphet(S)sintention;therefore,theyaugmentedalltheiractivities andsparednoeffortstostopsuchadeclaration.Althoughthereisagooddealofproofsoneach pointpreviouslymentioned,thisdiscussionistoonarrowtocoverthemall. WeshouldstopsufficientlyattheHolyProphet(S)ssermonsintheFarewellHajj.Abreastofthe SermonofGhadir,referencebookshaveproventhattheHolyProphet(S)deliveredspeecheson fiveoccasionsinthatperiod.HistoriansshouldhavereportedthesePropheticsermonsso completelysincethousandsofMuslimslistenedtothembut,unfortunately,afewpartsofthem havebeenexcerpted,especiallyinthereferencebooksauthorizedbytheQurayshitecaliphate. ThefollowingisquotedfromalSirahalHalabiyyah3/333: DuringtheHajj,theHolyProphet(S)addressedfivesermons;thefirstwasinMakkahonthe seventhofDhulHijjah,thesecondonDayof`Arafat,thethirdonDayofSlaughteringinMina,the fourthonDayoftheSettlementinMinaandthefiveonDayoftheFirstReturninMina. Byreviewingatthetextsofthesesermonsasrecordedinmorethanonehundredreference booksofHadith,onecanevidentlynoticethatpeopleofQurayshputtheirhandsinthesetexts producingclearcontrasts.ThatwasbecausethesesermonsnarratedtheHolyProphet(S)s instructingMuslimstocomplywithhisprogenyafterhimandwarningthemagainstbeing engagedindiscrepanciesoutofenvyaftertheyhadreceivedtheknowledge.Finally,theHoly Prophetsubmittedthemtoanimpeccableandthoroughproof. DespitetheQurayshiteblackout,wecouldreceivesomeofthesetextsfromreferencebooks authorizedbytherulingauthoritiesthemselves.However,thesetextsareadequatefor recognizingtheHolyProphet(S)sinstructionsandaffirmationonthecommitmenttothe leadershipofhisimmaculateprogenyafterhim. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

HadithoftheTwelveImams AllMuslimshaveunanimouslyagreeduponthefactthattheHolyProphet(S)hadpredictedthe comingoftheTwelveImamsduringtheFarewellHajj.[33]TheycomprisetheHadithoftheTwo WeightyThingstheQuranandtheAhlalBayt,HadithoftheHolyProphet(S)sParadisiacalPool andtheSahabah[34]whomwillbesenttoHellfireandwillbedeprivedofthewaterofthatPool. AlBukhari,inalSahih8/127,recordsthefollowing: JabiribnSamarahnarrated:IheardtheHolyProphetsaying,TherewillbetwelveprincesThen, hesaidawordthatIcouldnotperceive.So,Iaskedmyfatheraboutit.AllwillbefromQuraysh, assertedmyfather. Muslim,inalSahih6/3records: JabiribnSamarahnarrated:IheardtheHolyProphetsaying,Islamwillbefortifiedforaperiodof twelvesuccessorsThen,hesaidawordthatIcouldnotperceive.Iaskedmyfatheraboutit. AllwillbefromQuraysh,assertedmyfather. MuslimrecordsasimilarnarrationinwhichhestatesThen,hesaidsomethingthatIcouldnot conceive,insteadofThen,hesaidawordthatIcouldnotperceive. AccordingtoathirdnarrationrecordedbyMuslim,thefollowingformismentioned: ThisreligionwillbekeptinefficacyandpowerforaperiodoftwelvesuccessorsThen,hesaid awordthatIcouldnothearduetothenoiseofpeople.Iaskedmyfatheraboutit.Allwillbe fromQuraysh,assertedmyfather. ImitatedbythemajorityofreferencebooksofHadith,alBukharihasnotreferredtoevenone pointindicatingthattheincidenthadhappenedduringthesermonoftheFarewellHajjonMount `Arafat.Anumberofbooks,however,havereferredtothispoint.Thefollowingiswrittendownin AhmadibnHanbalsalMusnad5/93,36and99:JabiribnSamarahnarratedthefollowing:On Mount`Arafat,theHolyProphetsermonizedOnpage87,TheHolyProphetsaidduringthe FarewellHajjandonpage99,alMuqaddaminarrated:DuringhissermoninMina,Iheardthe HolyProphet(S) Lateron,wewillprovethatthisremarkablematterhadbeenrepeatedlyaffirmedonMount `Arafat,MinaandalKhayfMasjidbeforeitwasdeclaredinaformal,obligatoryanddecisiveform inGhadirKhumm. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

WhatisthestoryofthoseTwelveImams?WhatfordidtheHolyProphet(S)providetheir questionbeforethegreatestmassofMuslimswholistenedtotheirProphet(S)whilehewas biddingfarewell? AlBukharianswers:ThosearenotImamstofollowtheHolyProphet(S)inleadershipobligatorily; rathertheyareonlyvirtuousprinceswhowillbeinthisnationatacertainperiodoftime.The HolyProphet(S)onlyconveyedhisLordsfuturenewstohisnation.Indeed,theywillbefrom Quraysh,notonlyHashim.TheywillbefromthetwentytribesofQuraysh.NoneofAnsar,the ArabtribesorthenonArabpeoplewillbeamongthem.Thisisthewholematter. WhatfordidtheHolyProphet(S)conveythismattertohispeopleduringtheFarewellHajjon Mount`Arafat?Whatwasthepracticalaffairensuedfromthat? AlBukharianswers:Itisamatterofapredictiononly.TheHolyProphet(S)wantedtoforetellhis peoplesothattheywouldbecheerful.Itisonlyjournalisticnewsemptyofanypractical element. Concisely,savingthatsolenarration,whichcannotbeperceived,alBukharihasnotreferredto thistopicatall.Ontheotherhand,hehasrecordednumerousclearcutnarrationsrespectingthe menstruationof`A`ishahduringtheFarewellHajj!HegivesindetailshowtheHolyProphet(S) reveredherandsentanurseforhelpingherperformtheritesof`Umrah. MuslimtheHadithistisalittlebitfairerthatalBukhariinthisregard.Hehasoptedfora narrationleadingtothefactthatthosetwelvesuccessorswillberulingaftertheHolyProphet(S). ThisnarrationshouldrecuperateMuslimssinceitsettlestheproblemoftheHolyProphet(S)s succession.ThoseareImamsnominatedbytheExaltedLordandtheHolyProphet(S). Theirlegalityisderivedfromthisdivinenomination.Hence,thematterwillnotrequireasecret meetingordiscrepanciesresultinginabloodycombatonpowerfromthefirstdaysofIslamuntil nowcausingmillionsofvictimsaswellasdissensionsthatledtotheaccumulationofthe UmmahsweaknessuntilitwascompletelycollapsedonthehandsoftheOttomans. Muslim,however,adds,No,thisproblemwasnotsolved.TheHolyProphet(S)hadjustreferred tothosesuccessorsgenerally.Hedidnotidentifytheirnamesandpersonalities.Anyoftheten thousandsbeforewhomthisseriousmatterwasaddresseddidnotaskforanexplanationand noneofthemaskedtheHolyProphet(S)whomtheywouldbe.HadtheHolyProphet(S)referred totheirnames,oronlythenameofthefirstoneofthem,alltheclansofQurayshwouldhave acceptedandsubmitted,sincetheyweretoopioustodisobeytheLordandHisMessenger! MuslimthusrepeatsthesamewordsofalBukhari,No!Theyareonlygodlypeoplebywhom Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

Islamwillbefortified.TheyarefromQurayshQurayshonly! Thusandso,alBukhariandMuslimwouldneverleadtoanacceptableeffectinthequestionof thoseTwelveImams.TheylockalldoorsandrepeatthesamewordsofpeopleofQuraysh,Your Prophet(S)onlyreferredtothesmellofthosetwelveonesduringtheFarewellHajj.Youshould onlysmellandkeeppeace! Atanyrate,otherreferencebooksofHadithhavepaidanattention,lessthanthatofMuslimand alBukhari,topolicyandpoliticiansduringreportingtheHolyProphet(S)snews.Thesebooks havereferredtoworkingmattersinthequestioninvolved.Theyhavethusrelatedthephrase aftermeinaformreferringtothefactthatthosepredictedImamsshouldberulingdirectlyafter theHolyProphet(S). InalMusnad5/92,AhmadrelatesthesamenarrationtoJabiralSiwa`iinthefollowingform: IheardtheHolyProphetsaying,Afterme,therewillbe Onthesamepage,hereferstoanotherform: JabiribnSamarahnarratedthattheHolyProphetsaid,Afterme,therewillbetwelvesuccessors. AllwillbefromQuraysh.WhentheHolyProphet(S)returnedhome,peopleofQurayshcame andaskedabouttheagefollowingthosesuccessors.Then,commotionwillbebefalling, assertedtheHolyProphet(S). Thephrase,Afterme,whichreferstothedirectstageaftertheHolyProphet(S),ismentionedin bothnarrations.Thesecond,likewise,revealspeopleofQurayshscareforthequestionregarding thosetwelvegodlyImams.ItalsoaversthatthestoryhappenedinalMadinah,notduringthe FarewellHajj. Thephrasewasrepeatedinvariousnarrationsmentionedinotherreferencebooks: JabiribnSamarahnarratedthattheProphetsaid,Afterme,therewillbetwelveprincesAsI couldnotperceivethenextsentence,Iaskedsomepeople(Ahmad:alMusnad5/94.) JabiralSiwa`inarratedthattheHolyProphetsaid,AftermetherewillbetwelveprincesAsI couldnothearthenextsentence,Iaskedthemannexttome.AllwillbefromQuraysh,clarified he.(Ahmad:alMusnad5/99,108) TheHolyProphetsaid,Followingme,therewillbetwelveprinces.AsIcouldnotunderstandthe nextsentence,Iaskedtheonenexttome.AllwillbefromQuraysh,saidhe.(AlTirmidhi:al Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

Sunan;3/340) JabiribnSamarahnarrated:IheardtheHolyProphetsaying,Afterme,therewillbetwelve successors(alBukhari:Tarikh1/446No.1426)AbulQasimalBaghawinarratedthat`Abdullah ibn`Umarsaid:IheardtheHolyProphetsaying,Afterme,therewillbetwelvesuccessors.(Ibn Hajar:alSawa`iqalMuhriqah20) AllthepreviousreportsprovethattheHolyProphet(S)discussedthequestionofthenext leadershipduringtheFarewellHajjandconveyedtheLordscommandmentofthosetwelveones beingthelegalleadersoftheUmmah.Thisfactcitesanumberofquestionstobeansweredbythe peopleofQurayshandtheirreporters: First:WhyarethenarrationsofthisquestionalmostrestrictedtoasinglenarratorJabiribn SamarahalSiwa`iwhowasatenyearoldboy,maybe,duringtheFarewellHajj?Isitreasonable thatanyotherindividualcouldnothearthesenarrationsexceptthisboy?Whatfordidtheother companionsattendingthereavoidnarratingthisoccurrence? JabirswayofnarrationmighthavebeenattainingsatisfactionoftheQurayshitecaliphateasit wasprovedasthemostsuitable.Therefore,itsformswererecordedandadmittedunderthe supervisionoftherulingauthorities.Mostsurely,otherindividualsconveyedthisoccurrence,but inawayinappropriatetobepublicized! Second:MuslimswerewonttoasktheHolyProphet(S)aboutthemostdiminutivefeaturesof eachmatter.Theyeveninterruptedhisspeechesforaddressingindicativequestions.The narrationsinvolvedhaverelatedtheHolyProphet(S)sdiscussingamatterofahighimportance aforetellingaboutadoctrinal,practical,momentousandfuturisticmatter.Thesenarrationshave claimedtheHolyProphet(S)sobscuringthismostimportantpointoftheissue.Finally,theyhave claimedthatnoneofMuslimsaskedorwonderedaboutthoseImamsorpeoplesobligation towardsthem! HowcanonebelievethatpeopleofQuraysh,whoknockedthedooroftheHolyProphet(S)s houseinalMadinah,foraskingaboutthoseTwelveImams,asthenarratorhimselfreported,did notaskhimabouttheseImamsidentitiesandages?DoesthewordQurayshstandforAbuBakr and`Umarexclusively,inalMadinah?Likewise,howcanonebelievethatMuslimswhoattended theFarewellHajjdidnotasktheHolyProphet(S)aboutthoseImams,theiragesandpeoplesrole towardsthem? Third:whycouldthenarratornotperceivetheveryimportantwordthatdefinedtheidentityof thosetwelveones;hethereforeheaskedthemannexttohim?Thesamewordcouldnotbe perceivedbythenarratorwhoreportedtheHolyProphet(S)saddressingthesamesermoninal Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

Madinah.WhydoreferencebooksofHadithauthorizedbytheQurayshitecaliphaterestrict Samarahand`UmaribnalKhattabastheonlypersonswhocarriedthemissedwordoftheHoly Prophet(S)? Moreover,variousquestionsinsistonrevealingthehiddensofthisnarrationandurgescholarsto checkinbooksofHadithandhistory.Hereinafter,weaimatfocusinglightsonthemissedwordby providinganumberofnotesandquestions. (A)TheOriginoftheWord IsAllwillbefrommyhousehold,theoriginofAllwillbefromQuraysh?Whatisthereason beyondtheabsenceofthemostimportantstatement?Whowasthatmanwhomthenarrator askedaboutthatword? Ahmad,inalMusnad5/100and107,recordsthatthenarratorhimselfcouldnotperceivethe statement;therefore,heaskedaboutit:AsIcouldnotperceivethenextstatement,Iaskedmy father.Hesaid:allwillbefromQuraysh,assertedmyfather.HethensaidawordthatIcould notperceive.MyfatherwasnearertotheHolyProphet(S)thanIwas.Iaskedhimaboutthat word.Heanswered,Hesaid:AllwillbefromQuraysh.(AlHakimsalMustadrak;3/617) Ahmad,inalMusnad5/90and98,recordsthattheHolyProphet(S)himselfintendedtohidethat word: Hethensaidawordtoosilenttobeheard.Whatdidhesay?Iaskedmyfather.Hesaid:All willbefromQuraysh,answeredmyfather.Hethensaidawordwithasilentvoice.Iaskedmy unclewhowassittingbeforemeaboutit.Oson!Hesaid:AllwillbefromQuraysh,answeredmy uncle.(alHakim,alMustadrak3/618) JabiribnSamarahnarratedthattheProphetsaid,Forthisnation,therewillbetwelvecustodians whowillneverbeinfluencedbythosewhofrustratethem.Thenhesaidawordwithasilent voicethatIcouldnotperceive.WhatwasthatwordthattheHolyProphet(S)hadspoken quietly?Iaskedmyfather.Itwas:AllwillbefromQuraysh,assertedmyfather.(AlTabarani:al Mu`jamalKabir2/2134No.1794) Accordingtoothernarrations,itwaspeople,notthenarratorortheHolyProphet(S),whocaused thewordtodisappear. ThismeansthatpeoplewhowereconsecratingfortheirLordon`Arafat,livingthelastmoments oftheirProphet(S)slifeandwaitingforanywordhewouldspeakofwerenoisyasiftheywere Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

inanauctionandsomeofthemdisturbedandshoutedwhiletheHolyProphet(S)wasarticulating themostsensitivewordsothatthefaithfulbelieverswouldnotperceive!Peoplewerecrying, shouting,speakingloudly,makingnoise,standingandsittingwhiletheHolyProphet(S)was addressinghissermon: PeoplebegantoshoutAllahuAkbarandmakenoise.Meanwhile,theHolyProphet(S) pronouncedawordIcouldnotcatch.Whatdidhesay,father?Iasked.Hesaid:Allwillbefrom Quraysh,answeredmyfather.(AbuDawudsalSunan2/309andAhmadsalMusnad5/98) Then,hepronouncedawordthatIcouldnothearbecauseofpeoplesnoise.Whatdidhesay, father?Iasked.Hesaid:AllwillbefromQuraysh,answeredmyfather.(AhmadsalMusnad 5/98) Peoplebegantoshout(AhmadsalMusnad5/93) Peoplethenbegantomakenoiseandspeakaloud.IcouldnotunderstandthewordafterAll (AhmadsalMusnad5/99) Thisreligionwillbekeptinefficacyandpowerforaperiodoftwelvesuccessorswhowillbe givenvictoryovertheiropponentsThenpeoplebegantostandandsit(AhmadsalMusnad 5/99) RegardingthosewhomJabiraskedaboutthemissedword,mostofnarrationsaffirmthathe askedhisfatherSamarah.Hence,thetestimonyofincludingalltheclansofQurayshwiththe HashimitesinthequestionofthenextTwelveImamsdependsupontheauthenticityofSamarah. SamarahsbeingMuslimcouldnotbeproved;numerousnarrationsauthenticatedbyMuslim,al Bukhariandothersrefertothisfact.However,otherformsofthenarrationproveotherthings: AsIaskedallpeople,theyanswered,Hesaid:AllwillbefromQuraysh.(AhmadsalMusnad 5/92,90) Iaskedpeople,orthemannexttome,What(AhmadsalMusnad5/108) AsIcouldnotperceivethatword,Iaskedtheonenexttome(AhmadsalMusnad5/99,108) AlTabarani,however,emphasizesthatJabirconfirmedthatpeoplesaidthattheHolyProphet said,AllwillbefromQuraysh. Icouldnotunderstandwhathesaidnext;therefore,Iaskedpeople.Theyclaimedthathesaid, AllwillbefromQuraysh.(alTabaranisalMu`jamalKabir;2/249,Hadith2044) IsitcrediblethatthemostimportantwordidentifyingtheTwelveImamswhomtheHolyProphet Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

(S)foretoldcouldbevanishedinthatquitesilentcircumstanceon`Arafatandnonewouldaskthe HolyProphet(S)about? AscholarmayapproachthefactwhenhelooksattheothernarrationsrelatedbyJabiribn Samarahhimself,regardingtheHolyProphet(S)shavingbeenridingonhisanimalanddeclaring thesewords.ThissupportsthefactthattheHolyProphet(S)triedtomakealltheattendantshear andlisten: Then,theHolyProphet(S)svoicevanished.IaskedmyfatherwhowasnearertotheHoly Prophet(S)sanimal(AhmadsalMusnad5/87) TheyhavealsorelatedthattheHolyProphet(S)orderedamanofsonorousvoicetorepeathis wordsasaloudaspossiblesothatpeoplewouldhear: Rabi`ahibnKhalafalJamhiwasofsonorousvoice;theHolyProphet(S)orderedhimtorepeat hiswordsaloudonDayof`Arafat.HewasstandingbeforetheHolyProphet(S)sshecamel.O people!Doyourealizethismonth?saidtheHolyProphet(S)andorderedRabi`ahtodeclare aloud,andRabi`ahdid.Yes,itisthesacredmonth,peopleansweredaffirmatively.Allahhas surelydeemedyourbloodandassetsamongstyouassacredasthismonthuntilthedayonwhich youwillmeetHim,saidtheHolyProphet(S)andorderedRabi`ahtodeclarealoud Ibn`Abbassaid:Whenhehaltedon`Arafat,theHolyProphet(S)orderedRabi`ahibnUmayyah ibnKhalaf,amanwithasonorousvoice,tostandjustbeforehisshecamelandrepeathiswords aloud AlTabaranirelatesthisreporttoauthenticnarrators.[35] Althoughtheyrelatethesamenarrationtothesamereporterinvariousforms,themissedword, inallforms,isinvariablythesame.ThissupportstheclaimthatthestatementwasAllwillbefrom myprogenyorAllwillbefrommyhousehold,notAllwillbefromQuraysh. TheyalsonarratethatthenarratorassertedthattheHolyProphet(S)ssermonwasinal Madinah,not`Arafat,yet,themissedwordwasthesametheidentityofthoseTwelveImams: JabiribnSamarahnarrated:MyfatherandIcametotheHolyProphet(S)whowassaying,This affairwillbekeptinexcellenceuntiltherewillbetwelveprincesThen,hesaidawordIcould notperceive.Whatdidhesay?Iaskedmyfather.Hesaid:AllwillbefromQuraysh,saidmy father.(AhmadsalMusnad5/97,107) ThesamenarrationismovedtothesmallmosqueofalMadinahand,nevertheless,themissed Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

wordisinvariablythesame.JabiribnSamarahcouldnotunderstandituntilheasked`Umaribnal Khattab,theQurayshitecaliph,and`Umaranswered! TheHolyProphet(S)wasontheminbar[36]whenheaddressed,Therewillbetwelvecustodians frompeopleofQuraysh.Theywillnotbeinfluencedbytheiropponents.`UmaribnalKhattab, mayAllahpleasehim,andmyfatherwereamongpeople.TheyallassertedthesayingassameasI couldperceive.(alTabaranisalMu`jamalKabir2/256,No2073). AlBazzarrelatesthisnarrationtoJabiribnSamarahalone.Headds: WhentheHolyProphet(S)returnedhome,Ifollowedhimtoaskaboutthestagefollowingthose twelveones.Commotionwillbecomingnext,saidtheHolyProphet(S).[37] Thetextbecame:Twelvecustodiansopposedbypeople.Agroupamongwhomwas`Umaribn alKhattabandthenarratorsfatherbecamethesupportersofthetext.Hence,place,timeand personsoftheoccurrencewerechanged.Yet;themissedwordisinvariablythesame. AmoreunfamiliarmatteristhatwhiletheyrelatethenarrationtoAbuJuhayfah,themissedword isstillinvariablythesame!Yet,thenarrator,here,askshisuncle,notfather: `AwnibnAbuJuhayfahnarratedthefollowingontheauthorityofhisfather:Iwasaccompanying myuncletotheHolyProphet(S)whenhespoke,Theaffairsofthisnationwillbekeptin rectitudeuntiltwelvesuccessorsgoonHethenpronouncedawordIcouldnotperceive.What didhesay,uncle?Iasked.Hesaid:AllwillbefromQuraysh,assertedmyuncle.(AlHakimsal Mustadrak3/618)[38] Eventually,wefindourselvesfacinganunprecedentedphenomenoninalltraditions.Itreferstoa highlyexceptionalmatterthatishiddenbeyondthestatement,AllwillbefromQuraysh. Itisalsosupposablethattheoriginalnarratoris`Umarhimself;itwashewhoaffirmedand correctedtotheboyJabiribnSamarah.AlKhazzazalQummi,inKifayatalAthar90,relatesthe samereportto`Umaronly,withoutreferringtoSamarah,orhisson,orAbuJuhayfah,orhis uncle:`UmaribnalKhattabnarratedthefollowing:IheardtheHolyProphetsaying,Afterme, theImamswillbetwelveHethenpronouncedawordsosilentlythatIcouldhardlyperceive.I heardhimsaying,AllwillbefromQuraysh. Dependingonthisnarration,whichisthemostauthenticinourview,thegeneralizationofthe identityofthoseTwelveImamstoincludealltheclansofQuraysh,nottheHashimitesin particular,wasinventedby`Umar.Inaddition,itcoincideshissaying,PeopleofQurayshreject thattheHashimitesjoinleadershiptoProphethood,whichhefrequentlyaddressedtothe Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

HashimitesduringandaftertheHolyProphet(S)slifetime. (B)TheDivinePromiseofUnknownLeadershipisImpracticable ThepromiseoftheadventofTwelveImamsisadivinewordoftheAllwiseLord.Itisatraditional promiseofImamstofollowaProphet(S).Itwasgiventothepreviousnations,aswell.Besides,it representsamercytothisnationbywhichpeoplecansettletheproblemsthattheywillcertainly faceaftertheirProphet(S).Howisit,then,practicablefortheLordtopromiseHisMessengerof unknownleaders? TheExaltedLordpromisedthepreviousnationsoftheadventofamessengernamedAhmad afterfivecenturies.ThiswasconveyedbyJesusrevealingtheimpracticabilitytoadmitthatthe Lordpromisedthesealofnationsofgodlycustodians,withoutnamingtheirleadingoneatleast ornamingtheirclan.ItisunacceptableforHimtopromiseofmencomingamongsttwentythree clansthathavedisagreedwitheachotheronthemosttrivialworldlyaffairs.Togivecredenceto suchalieistoimputeimprudencetotheGlorifiedLordandHisMessenger,andsuchaclaimis impossiblystatedbyanyMuslimorevenanyfairOrientalist! IthappenedsometimesthattheHolyProphet(S)addressedageneralideaorforetellingto people,expectingtheirinquiry,sothathisanswerwouldbemoreeffective.But,inourquestion, Muslimsinquiries,aswellastheHolyProphet(S)sanswer,arenonexistent.Theyarefoundin ShiitereferencebooksofHadithonly.

(C)TheImamsarefromQuraysh,butfromtheAhlalBayt SupposingtheproblematicpointsofthenarrationinvolvedaredisregardedandtheHolyProphet (S)snominatingthosetwelvegodlyQurayshitecustodiansisacceptable,aquestionwillbe aroused:WhichtribeofQurayshisintended?TheclansofQuraysharemorethantwenty. AccordingtoauthenticnarrationsrecordedinthemajorreferencebooksofHadith,AlmightyAllah haspreferredpeopleofQurayshtotheArabsandhaspreferredtheHashimitestoQuraysh.Isit thenacceptablethatHechoosesthoseTwelveImamssucceedingtheHolyProphet(S)fromaclan otherthantheHashimites? ThefollowingnarrationisrecordedbyMuslim:alSahih7/58: Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 WathilahibnalAsqa`narrated:IheardtheHolyProphetsaying,Allahhaschosenthetribeof KinanahamongstsonsofIshmaelandchosenthetribeofQurayshamongsttheKinanahand chosentheHashimitesamongsttheQurayshandchosenmeamongtheHashimites. Asherelatesthesamenarration,alTirmidhi,inalSunan5/245,decidesitasonewayqualified narration.Onpage243,hedecidesitasauthenticallyqualified.Followingthis,herecordsa numberofnarrationsofthesamesupposition: Al`Abbasibn`AbdalMuttalibnarrated:ItoldtheHolyProphet(S)thatpeopleofQuraysh discussedtheirlineagesandwhentheymentionedhim,theylikenedhimtoadatepalmtree plantinginajunkyard.TheHolyProphet(S)commented,WhenAlmightyAllahcreatedthings,He mademewiththebestparty.Then,Hemademeinthebesttribe.Then,Hemademeinthebest house.Hence,Iamthebestparty,tribeandhouse.(Thisisaqualifiednarration.) Followingthis,alTirmidhiwritesasimilarnarrationwithanotherseriesofnarratorsdecidingitas onewayauthenticnarration: Ibn`Abbasnarrated:Thedescendantsof`Imran,mentionedinAllahssaying,SurelyAllahchose AdamandNoahandthedescendantsofAbrahamandthedescendantsof`Imranabovethe nations,arethebelieversamongsonsofAbraham,`Imran,YasinandMuhammad.(AlBukhari, alSahih4/138) QuranictextsandHadithsrespectingselecting,preferring,favoringandprecedingtheHashimites totheUmmaharetoomanytobecoveredinthisdiscussion.Thispreferenceisbythereasonthat theAhlalBaytbeingpartofhim,aswellasbeingthediamondoftheHashimitesandtheirbest. Generally,theyarethediamondofsonsofAdam. TakingalBukharistestimony,ascholarcanconclude,byprocessingasimpleequation,those twelvemenbeingtheprogenyofProphet(S)Muhammad.Intheearliestnarration,itisproved thattheTwelveImamsarechosenamongstpeopleofQuraysh.Inthelatter,itisprovedthat Muhammadsprogeny,likeAbrahams,arechosen. Hence,thetwelveexpectedImamsshouldbeMuhammadsprogenywhomareselectedbythe Lord.Ataleastcriterion,thosetwelvemenshouldbefromMuhammadsprogeny.Thisisalso advocatedbyalBukharisnarrationthattells`AlisbeingthefirstcomplainantontheResurrection Day.ThismeansthatImam`Aliwillbearanimportantissuepreferredtoallotherissuesofthis nation.Thisissue,however,canbeunderstoodfromImam`AlisfollowingsayingrecordedinNahj alBalaghah1/82: Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

ByAllahIswear,peopleofQurayshbearmaliceagainstusforoneandonlyreasontheLord prefersustothem.Then,wepermittedthemtogainentryintoourgroup.Hence,theyare applicabletothepoetssaying: Itiswewhoendowedyouthiselevationandyouwerenot Elevatedandweencompassedyouwithswordsandspears.[39]Qaysibn`Abadahnarrated:`Ali ibnAbiTalib,mayAllahpleasehim,said,IwillbethefirsttokneelbeforetheBeneficentLordfor litigationontheResurrectionDay. (D)HadithsExplainingtheNarrationoftheTwelveImams ItisunanimouslyagreeablethattheHolyProphet(S)stexts,liketheQuran,explicateeachother. Thisisaperceptualprinciple.Naturally,anynationshouldscrutinizetheotherpracticaland articulatetextsoftheirProphet(S)forrecognizingtheTwelveImamsofwhomhehadforetold.A deeplookatourProphet(S)swordsabouthisprogeny(Namely`Ali,Fatimah,alHasanandal Husayn)removesanydoubtthatthosepersons,whomwerefrequentlypraisedandacclaimedby theHolyProphet(S)whoneverspeaksoutofdesire,aretheveryintendedsinthetextinvolved. Asamatteroffact,MuslimsagreethatthosepersonswerefrequentlypraisedbytheHoly Prophet(S)onvariousoccasions;hedeclaredthattheywerepurifiedthoroughlybytheLord. ThisfactisrecordedinanevidentQuranictext.HealsoorderedMuslimstocherishandbless themduringtheirdailyprayers.Hedeemedunlawfulforthemtoreceivealmsand,instead,he legislatedtheirenjoyingashareoftheonefifthrate(khums)imposeduponMuslims.Finally,the HolyProphet(S)swillwastoadheretothembesidestheQuran.Henamedthemastheminor weightythingaftertheQuranthemajoroneasprovenbyauthenticreportsmentionedinthe majorreferencebooksofHadith.TheHolyProphet(S)swordsofpraisinghisprogenyand warningagainstwrongingandopposingthemaretoomanytobecoveredinthisdiscussion.At anyrate,thesewordshavebeengoodexamplesforthemindfulandfactfinders. (E)TwelveImamsandTwelveMonths NarrationsappertainedtotheHolyProphet(S)ssermonsduringtheFarewellHajjhaveasserted thathereferredtotherotationoftimetoitsfirstcreationwhenhementionedtheTwelveImams. Thereafter,herecitedAlmightyAllahssaying: Surely,thenumberofmonthswithAllahistwelvemonthsinAllahsordinancesincetheday whenHecreatedtheheavensandtheearth,ofthesefourbeingsacred.9:36 Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 AlBukhari,alSahih5/126,204and6/235,recordsthefollowing: AbuBakrahnarratedthattheHolyProphetstated,Timehasrotatedtothefirstcreationofthe heavensandearth.AyearistwelvemonthsamongwhichtherearefoursacredonesDhul Qa`dah,DhulHijjah,MuharramandRajab.Thefirstthreearesuccessive.[40]InMajma`al Zawa`id3/265,thesamenarrationisrelatedinastylemoreaccordanttotheHolyProphet(S)s eloquencethanalBukharis: TimehasrotatedassameasthefirstdayonwhichtheLordcreatedtheheavensandtheearth. SurelythenumberofmonthswithAllahistwelvemonthsinAllahsordinancesincetheday whenHecreatedtheheavensandtheearth,ofthesefourbeingsacred.Thatistheright reckoning;therefore,benotunjusttoyourselves.Donotapostatizefromyourreligionafterme killingeachother Sunnischolarshavecitedthecustomofpostponingthesacredmonthsasthemeaningsuggested bytheHolyProphet(S)inthisnarration.Hence,hesuggestsanewbeginningoftime,whichleads tocancelingthatcustom.Asamatteroffact,thisexegesisisunconvincingsincethecustomof postponingthesacredmonthleavesnoeffectontimeorontheuniversethatitscancellation leadstocreatinganewbeginningtotime.Secondly,thereisnosingleindicationtoany relationshipbetweentherotationoftimeandthecustomofpostponingthesacredmonths.Each isanindependenttopic. Hence,scholarsaremistakenwhentheyestablishsucharelationship.AstheHolyProphet(S)was inasituationofbiddinghispeoplefarewellandprovidingthenextstageofguidance,aberrance, rulings,beliefsandpathstoParadiseandHellfire,itismostlikelythatheintendedtosaythata newstageofthedivineguidanceandaberrancewouldbebeginningonthatday.Healsointended tosaythatthematerialmovementoftimeisbaseduponthetwelvemonths,whilethemental movementisbasedupontheconsenttotheTwelveImams.Materialandmentalexistenceof thoseImamscoincideswiththesystemofthetwelvemonths,whichiseffectiveinthemovement ofthisuniverse.Thisviewissupportedbythesacrednessandconsecrationofnumbertwelvein theHolyQuran. TheLordidentifiestwelvechieftainsfortheIsraelitesandtwelveapostlesforJesusChrist. Similarly,theHolyProphet(S)askedAnsartoelecttwelvechieftainsintheearlierstageoftheir homage.HealsoforetoldhispeopleabouttheadventofTwelveImams.Moreover,holytexts haveassertedthatthedeviationofthisnationisoriginatedbytwelvemisleadingmenfromthe Sahabah.Consequently,inthefaceofeachImam,thereshouldbeamisleadingmanandinthe faceofeachProphet(S),thereshouldbeanefariousenemypurposingforinveiglingpeople. AlmightyAllahsays,Andthedaywhentheunjustonewillbitehishands,saying:O!WouldthatI Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

hadtakenawaywiththeApostle.WoeisI!WouldthatIhadnottakensuchaoneforafriend! Certainly,heledmeastrayfromthereminderafterithadcometome;andtheSatanfailstoaid man.AndtheApostlecriedout: OmyLord!MypeoplehavetreatedthisQuranasaforsakenthing.AndthushaveWemadefor everyProphet(S)anenemyfromamongthesinners,andsufficientisyourLordasaGuideanda Helper.25:2728 Muslim,inalSahih8/1223,writesdown: TheProphetstated:Therearetwelvehypocritesamongmycompanions.Eightofthemwillnever seeParadiseuntilacamelpassesthroughtheeyeofaneedle.Eightofthemwillbekilledbyan epidemic.AndfourwillIcouldnotmemorizetherest. TheProphetstated:Therearetwelvehypocritesamongmycompanions.Theywillneverseeor smellParadiseuntilacamelpassesthroughtheeyeofaneedle.Eightofthemwillbeperishedby anepidemic.Aflaminglampwillbeemergingbetweentheirshouldersandflowingoutoftheir chests. AbualTufaylnarrated:AsortofinconsistencyarousebetweenHudhayfahandoneofthepeople ofal`AqabahPlot.IadjureyoubyAllahtoanswermeaboutthenumberofthepeopleofal `AqabahPlot,themanaskedHudhayfah.Youshouldanswerhim,peopleurged.Hudhayfah spoke,Well,weweretoldthattheyhadbeenfourteenmen.Theyshouldbefifteenifyouwere oneofthem.ByAllahIswear,twelveofthemarethefoesoftheLordandHisMessengerinthis worldandonthatdaywhenwitnesseswillbearising.[41] ItisthusnotunacceptabletosaythattheHolyProphet(S)sintentionwastotellpeoplethatthe ExaltedLordhasestablishedhumankindonlawsofguidanceandaberrancesincethefirstdayHe createdtheheavensandtheearth.Theselawsareexecutedbyelementsofprovidingevidences andrelievingpeopletochooseeitherguidanceoraberrance.Likepositiveandnegative,the elementsofguidanceandaberranceshouldbefalltogether.TheLordthenhasinspiredhuman soulstodistinguishtherightfromthewrong. AsHecausedAdamtodescendtothisearth,theLordcausedSatantodescendwithhim.With eachProphet(S),therewasasingleoranumberofmisleadingpeople.Inthisnation,thenumber oftheleadingImamsisequaltothatofthemisleadinghypocrites;whichistwelve.Hence,anew rotationofguidanceandaberrancehasbeguninthesamewayasitbeganwithAdamandSatan. Thisisthemeaningofthenewbeginningoftimethatleadstotheextinctionofanageandthe beginningofanother.ThisideaissupportedbytheexegesisoftheQuranicVerse,Surelythe numberofmonthswithAllahistwelvemonthsinAllahsordinancesincethedaywhenHecreated Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

theheavensandtheearth,thattheAhlalBaytadopts. (F)JabiralSiwa`i;theReporteroftheNarration AsSunnimajorreferencebooksofHadithhaverelatedthenarrationoftheTwelveImamsto `AbdullahibnMas`ud,AbuJuhayfahandJabiribnSamarahalSiwa`i,theyhavedependedmainly uponJabiribnSamarahibnJanadah.Ithasbeensaidthathewassonof`AmribnJundabibn HujayribnRiabibnHabibibnSaw`ahibn`AmiribnSa`sa`ahalSiwa`i.Othershavesaidthathe belongedtothetribeof`AmiribnSa`sa`ah.[42]Jabirandhisfatherwereconfederatesofthetribe ofZuhrah.[43]ThisstrengthensthedoubtthatJabirdidnotbelongtoQuraysh.Ifhehadbelonged tothetribeof`AmiribnSa`sa`ah,hewouldnothaveconfederatedthetribeofZuhrah.Imyself readalDhahbissayingthatJabirdiedduringthereignof`AbdalMalik(ibnMarwanthefifth Umayyadcaliph)andthatibnSa`dallegedthatSamarah,thefather,hadbecomeMuslimonlyon theDayoftheConquestofMakkahandnoneelsehasmentionedanythingabouthisdeath.[44] ThistakesustothefactthatSamarahwasoneoftheTulaqa`ReleasedOnes[45]andthatal DhahbisuspectswhetherSamarahembracedIslamornot. Therefore,hesays,IbnSa`dallegesthatAlBukhari,inalTarikhalKabir4/177,hasclaimed SamarahsbeingoneoftheSahabah.Jabiristhechildofareleasedone.Hewasaninfantduring theconquestofMakkah.HediedinAH76.HenarratedthataftertheDayofConquestofMakkah, theHolyProphet(S)passedhishandoverthefacesofthesmallboyswhowereperformingprayer inalMadinah.Hewasoneofthosesmallboys.[46]JabirmighthavelivedinthecustodyofSa`d ibnAbuWaqqas;hismaternaluncle,inalMadinah.Ithasbeenrelatedthathehadparticipatedin theconquestofalMada`inbeforehemovedinKufahwherehebuiltahouseforhimself. AlltheaboveprovesthatJabirwasateenageduringtheFarewellHajj.Hence,theonlyreliable narratorofthisnarrationisateenagesonofareleasedonewhowasaconfederateofQuraysh. HowstrangethechiefsofthisnationandthechiefsoftheSahabahwere!Theyhadnotpossessed eventheintellectualityofthatteenagereleasedboywhocaredforthefutureofhisnationand thecominggodlyImams!Inmoreaccuratewords,howfirmtheQurayshiterulingauthoritieswho hadfullcontrolonHadithswere!TheydisallowedSunnistorecordandpublicizethenarrations appertainedtothecomingTwelveImamswhomtheHolyProphet(S)hadforetold,exceptthe narrationofthisteenage! (G)MarksofAuthenticityGiventotheThreeNarrations ThreeformsandthreenarratorsofthereportoftheTwelveImamsarefoundinSunnireference booksofHadith.TheyhaveagreeduponauthenticatingJabiribnSamarahsnarration;someof Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

themhavedecidedtheauthenticityofAbuJuhayfahsnarrationwhilethemajoritydecideditasa qualifiedwitharatherdoubtfulnarrator.RegardingIbnMas`ud,theygiveoppositemarkstohis narrationsince,astheyclaim,MujalidibnSa`id,whomisdecidedastrustfulbyalNassa`ianda fewspecialistscholarswhileothershadjudgedhimasdoubtful,iswithintheseriesofnarrators. Samarah;Jabirsfather,and`UmaribnalKhattabshouldbeaddedtothethreeprevious narrators.ThemajorityofnarrationsaffirmthatthosetwomeninformedJabiraboutthemissed word.Moreover,`UmaribnalKhattabshouldberegardedasamainnarratoraccordingtothe foresaidnarrationrecordedinKifayatalAthar. ThefollowingisanumberofscholarsopinionsaboutIbnMas`udsnarration: Majma`alZawa`id5/190: TheTwelveSuccessors:MasruqnarratedthatIbnMas`udwasteachingusHolyQuranwhena manaskedwhethertheyhadaskedtheHolyProphet(S)aboutthenumberofthesuccessorswho wouldberulingthisUmmah.IhaveneverbeenaskedsuchaquestionsinceIwasinIraq, assertedIbnMas`ud,Itisyes.WehaveaskedtheHolyProphet(S)thisquestionandheanswered thattheywouldbetwelve,likethenumberoftheIsraeliteschieftains. [Commentonthenarration]ThisnarrationisreportedbyAhmad,AbuYa`liandalBazzar.Oneof itsnarratorsisMujalidibnSa`id.ExceptalNassa`i,majorityofHadithistsdecideshimas unreliable.Theothernarratorsaretrustworthy. ThesameisrecordedinalHakimsalMustadrak4/501whoadds,Iamtooshorttogivemy opinionaboutthenarrationsofMujalidandhislikes.IbnHajar,inalSawa`iqalMuhriqah20, decidestheeligibilityofthenarration.Herecords,IbnMas`udrelates,inaqualified documentationetc AlSuyuti,inTarikhalKhulafa`13,decidestheeligibilityofthenarration,too.Herecords,Ahmad andalBazzarrecordsthequalifiednarrationofibnMas`udetc AlBusiri,asquotedfromKanzal`Ummal6/89,decidesthenarrationsaseligible.Hesays: Musaddad,IbnRahawayh,IbnAbuShaybah,AbuYa`liandAhmadrelatethisqualifiednarration etc.[47] IfthereasonofdistrustingIbnMas`udsnarrationistheexistenceofMujalidwithintheseriesof thenarrators,thesamenarrationhasbeenrelated,inanumberofShiitereferencebooksof Hadith,toaseriesofothernarrators.[48]Nevertheless,thismattermakesnochangeforthe judgmentissuedbySunnischolars.ThenarrationisgiventhedegreeofHasanqualifiedwitha ratherdoubtfulnarratorwhateverisproved!Further,thisdegreeseemstobeobscureforSunni Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

scholarssincetheoriginalproblemofIbnMas`udsnarrationistoavoidaddingAllwillbefrom Quraysh.Theerasureofthisstatementmakesthereadersunderstandthatthosecominggodly ImamswouldobligatorilyberulerssucceedingtheHolyProphet(S).Thisfactdrawsabigredcircle ontheproceduresofalSaqifahfromwhichtheHashimiteswereabsentandbusyinpreparingthe funeraloftheHolyProphet(S)! (H)ContradictionoftheContentsofTheThreeNarrations SunnireferencebooksofHadithrecordJabiribnSamarahsnarrationintwodifferentformsone ofwhichisaccordanttoAbuJuhayfahs.IbnMas`udhadhisownform.Onthataccount,the narrationhasbeeninthreedifferentforms.Thefirstforeordainsthatthosepromisedmenwillbe comingaftertheHolyProphet(S)andallwillbelongtoQuraysh.Thistextoccursinthemajorityof Jabirsnarrations.Sunnischolarshavedecidedtheauthenticityofthisform.AlAlbani,likewise, hasdecidedtheauthenticityofthisformandrecordeditunderNo.1075ofhisseriesofthe authenticHadiths. ThesecondformforetellsthatthosetwelvemenwillberulingaftertheHolyProphet(S)andall willbefromQuraysh.ItalsotellsthatIslamwillbekeptinpowerandprotectionaslongasthose menrule.Afterthat,itwillbeweakandhumbleand,finally,collapse.Thisformismentionedbya numberofJabirsnarrationsandallofAbuJuhayfahs.MostofSunnischolarshavedecidedits authenticity.AlAlbanihasaffixedtheformnarratedbyJabiribnSamarahundernumber376of hisseriesofauthenticHadiths.AbuJuhayfahsnarrationhasbeendecidedasqualified.Ibn Mas`udsnarrationhasbeencitedaswitnessontheauthenticityoftheprevious.Finally,alAlbani hasrefutedAbuDawudsadditionalwordinginwhichhe,aswellasotherscholars,affirmsthatall peopleofthisnationwillbeloyaltothosecomingImams,andregardsitasdeniable. ThethirdformestablishesthatthoseImamswillcomeaftertheHolyProphet(S)inawaysimilar tothesituationofthedisciplesofProphetsMosesandJesus.ThisformishoweveremptyofAll willbefromQuraysh.MostofIbnMas`udsnarrationsdependuponthisform.Divergenceand contrastarethemostremarkablenotestoberecordedonthevariousformsofthenarrations involved.Thisisnotaneasyoracceptablematter,especiallyinsuchasortofnarrations.In addition,thiscontrastishardlyanswerablesinceitexistsinthedifferentformsofthereportsof thesamenarrator.Distortioninsuchreports,evensaidbyanordinarychiefofagroup,is decisivelyconsidered;therefore,weshouldneveracceptsuchreportsthatasserttheHoly Prophet(S)sforetellingthecomingofunknownmen,especiallyifwetakeinconsiderationthe stageandplaceofaddressingthatprediction. ThemainaccusationisthedistortionoftheidentityofthoseTwelveImams.Theaccusedisnone otherthanthosewhomaygainadvantagefromhidingthenamesanddescriptionsofthe Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

promisedones.ItistherulingauthoritieswhocametopowerjustaftertheHolyProphet(S)and banishedhisprogenyfromthefieldofcompetitionbyholdingasecretmeetingwhiletheHoly Prophet(S)sfamilywereengagedinhisfuneral.Afairsearchermayapproachthefactby conceivingthatdivergenceandcontrastintheformsofthesenarrationsarefocusedonadefinite point,whichisthedescriptions,identity,divinestanding,lineage,ageandperiodofthose promisedImams.Thismatterincitesdoubtfulnessofalltheformsofthenarrationsdependedby SunnireferencebooksofHadith. Ontheotherhand,itinvolvestheauthenticationoftheconcordantunanimousformsofthe narrationaccreditedbyShiitereferencebooksofHadith.Alltheseformshaveassertedthesame matter;thoseTwelveImamswillbehisprogeny,andmoredefinitely,theyare`Ali,alHasan,al HusaynandninemenfromalHusaynsoffspring. (I)TheTwelveImamsarenotNominatedAccordingtoMeansofElectionandHomage Thisfactisindisputable;sincetheLordhaschosenthemforleadership,peoplesobligationshould beonlytocomplywiththem.Allahsays,Anditbehoovesnotabelievingmanandabelieving womanthattheyshouldhaveanychoiceintheirmatterwhenAllahandHisMessengerhave decidedamatter.ThoseImamsacquiretheirlegalityfromtheLordtheAllwiseandtheAll awareofHisservantsgood.Positively,theLordschoiceismoreprosperousandobligatorythan Hisservantsare. LiketheselectionofProphetsthathasnotnecessitatedelectionorhomage,theTwelveImams areselectedbytheLordand,accordingly,toobeythemisadivineduty.Similarly,evenifpeople ignore,injureorkillaProphet(S),thisshouldneverharmhisbeingdivinelychosenand obligatorilyconformed.PeoplesgeneralcompliancewithaProphet(S)isnomorethanan acknowledgmentoftheobligatoryobediencetohim,whichisdivinelycommissioned,andisa declarationofcorrespondingtotheLordsinstructions. Onthataccount,peopleshomagetotheProphetsandtheirsuccessorsisaprocessofsubmission andobligationtothosepersonsrightofadherence.Peopleshouldconfirmthatrightonly.They neverconstituteit.ThisisthemainreasonbeyondtheHolyProphet(S)sorderingMuslimstopay homagetohiminthemostimportantcurveinhisnationshistorysothathewouldconfirmtheir obligatoryobediencetohimingoodandbad,warandpeace,andfavorableanddetrimental circumstances. Forthesamereason,theHolyProphet(S),havingconveyedthedivinecommandmentof`Alis comingleadershipinGhadirKhumm,orderedtoestablishatentunderwhich`Aliwouldreceiveall Muslimswhoshouldofferhimcongratulationsonthisdivineleadership,beforetheypayhomage Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

tohim.Thedivinechoicehasfallenanditdoesnotrequireapublicconsultancyorhomage.Itonly requiresadmissionandcongratulations.However,suchhomagewouldbeobligatoryuponpeople iftheHolyProphet(S)or`Aliaskedthemtodo. Forthiscause,itispointlesstosaythattheHolyProphet(S)askedMuslimsonlytooffer congratulations,nothomage,sincetheissueofthedivinecommandmentofnominating`Alifor thenextleadershipevacuatedthepublichomagefromitseffectivepowerand,inthesametime, restricteditsvaluetoadmittingandcommittingtothatdivinecommandmentwhenevertheHoly Prophet(S)orhissuccessoraskedforit. Thegeneralruleinthisregardisthatpeoplemayhavetheoptiontochoosetheirleadersand rulersaccordingtotheboundariesoftheIslamiclegislationonlyincasethereisnoprevious divinecommandmentappertainedtothispoint.IncasetheLordhaselectedaleader,thenthe wholematterissettledandnonehastheauthoritytochangeoralter.Inotherwords,thechoice ofthepublicsismeaninglessunlesstheyintendtophilosophizebeforetheirGlorifiedLordor opposeHisinstructions. (J)TheNarrationsDedicationtoQurayshhasbeenThrownAwayby`Umar Thereisanimportantnoticeinthisregard;`UmaribnalKhattabwasthebearerofthesloganthat theHolyProphet(S)ssuccessionshouldbededicatedtoQurayshexclusively.InSaqifah,`Umar disputedAnsarthatpeopleofQuraysh,theHolyProphet(S)stribe,weretheworthiestofholding hispositionandauthority.HeaimedatinterceptingAnsar,inwhoselandandhospitalityMuslim Qurayshiteslived,fromclaimingtheirbeingtheworthiestofholdingtheHolyProphet(S)s positionandpowersincetheywerehissupporters.Bysuchatribaldisputation,`Umartookthe roundofSaqifah,duetoAnsarsdiscorddespitetheheavyprotestationofSa`dibn`Abadah,their chief. Itwas`Umarhimselfwhoabandonedandthrewawaytheveryprinciplethroughwhichhecould obtaintheleadershipofMuslims.Inhisfinalhours,`Umarassertedthathewouldhavedelivered theleadershiptoSalim;thePersianslaveofAbuHudhayfah,hadthismanbeenalive! ThefollowingisquotedfromTarikhalMadinah3/140: `AbdullahibnBuraydahreportedthatpeopleadvised`Umar,whilehewasinhisfinalhours,to nominatehissuccessor.Hesaid,Hadoneofthosetwomenbeenalive,Iwouldhavecertainly deliveredhimthispositionwithquitetranquilityandsatisfactionAbu`UbaydahibnalJarrahor SalimtheslaveofAbuHudhayfah![49] Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

`UmarthusopenedthedoortoAbuHanifahandotherstocancelthetermthataleaderofthe IslamicStateshouldbelongtothetribeofQuraysh.SaljukiansandMamluksusedsuchverdictsto cometopower.Fortheveryreason,theOttomansadoptedandpublicizedAbuHanifahsschool ofjurisprudenceand,asaresult,namedthemselvesascaliphssuccessorsoftheHolyProphet (S).

WahhabismandtheConditionofBelongingtoQuraysh WetheShi`ahImamiyyah[50]specifybeingonetheAhlalBaytasatermofholdingthe leadershipoftheIslamicState.ManyauthenticatedHadithsaboutthenames,aswellasnumber, ofthoseleadershaveproventhisterm.Forus,theleadershipshouldbeprovedbyaDivinetext only.Hence,theTwelveImamsaretestifiedbytheHolyQuranandSunnah.Sincethesealofthe Imams,alMahditheExpected,isnowabsent,yetbyappearanceonly,theleadershipofMuslims inthisstageshouldbedeterminedbyhiscommitment.TheImamsrepresentativeshouldenjoya numberofqualifications,suchasknowledge,justiceandothers. However,itisnotaconditionthattherepresentativebeingadescendantofQuraysh.Inthispoint only,weagreepractically,nothypothetically,withthosewhocanceltheconditionthataleaderof theUmmahshouldbelongtoQuraysh.Shi`ahZaydiyyah[51]donotdedicateImamatetothose TwelveImams.theyextendittoincludeanyscholarbelonging,inlineage,toImam`AliandLady FatimahalZahra`.TheyhencespecifybeingaQurayshiteandAlawidasatermofholdingthe positionofleadershipoftheUmmah. AmongSunniMuslims,somescholarshaveagreedwithusonthispointdependinguponverdicts of`UmarandAbuHanifah.OthernonArabSunnisaremorefanatictoQurayshthan`Umar himself.TheyarethemastersofWahhabism,suchasalAlbaniwhodecidestheauthenticityof thenarrationreportingtheconditionthataleaderoftheUmmahmustbelongtoQuraysh.He numbersthisnarrationas1552andcommentsonitin5/70: IfMuslimsarehonestenoughtoworkforrevivingthegloriesoftheIslamicState,theyshould repenttotheirLordandkeepholdontheirreligionandfollowtherulingsoftheShari`ah.Among theserulingsistheconditionthataleaderoftheUmmahmustbelongtoQuraysh.Thiscondition isfamiliarlyunanimousinbooksofHadithandfiqhIslamicjurisprudence. In3/7,hedecidestheauthenticityofareporttellingthatitisobligatoryforaleaderofthe Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

UmmahtobelongtoQuraysh.Henumbersthisreportas1006andthencomments: Theseauthenticnarrationsrefute,clearly,theclaimsoftheolddeviateparties,aswellasthe presentauthorsandIslamicpoliticians,whoinvalidatethetermthataleaderoftheUmmahmust belongtoQurayshandtheArabs. Moreover,aradicalscholar,inathesisentitledTheIslamicStatebeginswithspecifyingtheterms ofacaliph.HeignorestotallythetermthataleadermustbelongtoQurayshandtheArabsand thustakesnonoticeofallHadithsandverdictsthatauthenticallyemphasizeonthisterm.WhenI remindedhimofthisflaw,hejustsmiledandescapedanydiscussion.Iwonderifheisoneof thosepreviouslycitedorlackinganysubjectiveknowledgeinthisrespect.Atanyrate,eachwriter isrequiredtoseektherightinhiswritingswithoutbeinginfluencedbyanypoliticaltrend.Awriter alsoshoulddisregardtheaccordancewiththepublics. Undernumber1851,alAlbanidecidestheauthenticityofanotherreporttellingthat,Caliphate mustexclusivelybetopeopleofQuraysh,judiciarymustbetoAnsarandpropagationmustbeto theAbyssinians.Accordingtothisverdict,theleadersoftheMuslimgovernmentsshouldbelong toanyclanofQuraysh,andtheirministersshouldbethedescendantsofAnsarandtheministers ofreligiousaffairsandinformationshouldbefromAfricaor,morespecifically,fromEthiopia!The mustsmentionedinthepreviousnarration,duetowhichalAlbaniissuestheverdictthatrulers mustbelongtoQuraysh,treatthepositionsofleadership,ministrationandpropagationsequally. AlAlbani,however,missesthefactthatjurisprudenceofanarrationismoreimportantthanthe contents.TheHolyProphet(S)istooelevatedtoissuesuchillogiclaws.Thisnarrationanditslikes, ifauthenticated,revealsadefinitepreviousstageofIslam.Itisnotaperpetuallawatall. (K)ExegetesBlunderintheinterpretationoftheTwelveImams TobehonesttotheHadith,itisnecessarytosaythattheseTwelveImamsshouldcomedirectly aftertheHolyProphet(S)sdecease.ThisnecessitationcomesfromtheHolyProphet(S)sphrase afterme.However,theHadithdoesnotincludeanyindicationthatthoseTwelvewouldrule aftertheHolyProphet(S)directly;itonlyforetellsabouttheircoming,whetherleadersornot. Furthermore,theaforementionedformsofJabirandIbnMas`udsnarrationsclaimthatthose Imamswouldbedisappointedandopposedbypeopleastheywouldbetakenawayfromtheir positions.Thismatter,astextsdivulge,wouldnotinjurethem. InalTabaranisalMu`jamalKabir,thefollowingformsarecited: Forthisnation,therewillbeTwelveCustodianswhowillneverbeinfluencedbythosewhowill frustratethem.FromQuraysh,therewillbeTwelveCustodianswhowillneverbeinjuredbythe enmityoftheiropposites. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 ThisinvolvesthatnothingstopsagainstapplyingtheseformstotheTwelveImamsoftheAhlal Bayt,eveniftheycouldnotcometopower.However,Imam`AliandImamalHasancouldcome topower.Eventually,ImamalMahdi;theExpected,willberuling,aspredictedbytheHoly Prophet(S)alMahdisforefather.Furthermore,manynarrationshavepredictedtheeventsto takeplaceaftertheagesofthoseImamsindicatingthattheywouldlastforlongages. Somenarrationshavementionedthatconfusion,bafflementandhypocrisy,whichwouldleadto generalcollapseoftheUmmah,wouldtakeplaceaftertheirages.Othershaveconfirmedthat theirageshouldlastaslongasthisearthexistsandthatwiththeirtermination,theearthwould founderwithitscreatures.HypothesesoftheextensionoftheImamsagetotheterminationof thisearthconfirmthepreviouspredictions,accordingtoanumberofShiitenarrations. AbuSalahalHalabi,inTaqribalMaarif/173,relatesthefollowing: AnasibnMaliknarratedthattheHolyProphetstated,Thisreligionwillprevailaslongasthere willbeTwelveMenfromQuraysh.Iftheypassaway,theearthwillperishwithitsinhabitants.[52] ThisisalsoaccordanttothenarrationsrecordedinourreferencebooksofHadithregardingthe specialimportanceoftheexistenceoftheLordsRepresentativesonthisearthinallages.Listen tothefollowingreports: AlKafi;1/179and534: AbuHamzahnarratedthefollowing:IaskedAbu`Abdullah[ImamJa`faralSadiq]iftheearth mightproceedtoexistwithouttheexistenceofoneoftheImams.Iftheearthmaystandwithout theexistenceofoneoftheImams,itwillcertainlyperish,answeredAbu`Abdullah. Correspondingly,theHolyProphet(S)saimbeyondprovidingthequestionofthenextTwelve ImamsinthemostremarkablecongruityofMuslimsattendingtheFarewellHajjwastoattract peoplesattentionstowardsthoseImams,hadtheyonlybeenluckyandfollowedthem! Furthermore,itismostlikelytorefertotheTwelveImamsoftheAhlalBaytastheonlyones intendedbytheHolyProphet(S)sprediction.Anyotherreferenceisunacceptableformany refutingquestions. AlKinji,inYanabi`alMawaddah/446,recordsthefollowing: AnumberofscholarshavesaidthattheHolyProphet(S)spredictionoftheTwelveSuccessorsis provedbynumerouswaysofrelation.Byidentifyingtheagesandinvestigatingtheplace,theHoly Prophet(S)spredictionreferstotheTwelveImamsofhishousehold.Itisimpracticabletoreferto therulerswhocametopowerasbeingintendedintheprediction,sincetheirnumberislessthan Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

twelve.Inaddition,itisimpossibletorefertotheUmayyadrulersbecausetheyweremorethan twelveandtheywereexcessiveunjustandtyrantssaving`Umaribn`AbdalAziz.Besides,they werenotHashimites.Accordingto`AbdalMaliksnarration,whichisrelatedtoJabir,theHoly Prophet(S)foretoldthatthoseImamswouldbelongtoHashim. TheHolyProphet(S)sloweringhisvoicegivesgreaterweighttothisnarrationsincetheUmayyad rulersweretooshorttoresembletheHashimitesinleadership.Atlength,itisimpracticableto identifythe`Abbasidkingsastherulersintended.Theirnumberexceedstwelve.Secondly,they didnotrevereAlmightyAllahssaying,Say:Idonotaskofyouanyrewardforitbutloveformy nearrelatives,andtheHolyProphet(S)sHadithofKisa`thecloak.Likewise,torefertothe TwelveImamsoftheAhlalBaytastheintendedinthatPropheticpredictionisthemostsuitable sincetheyhavebeenthemostknowledgeable,themostreligious,thegodliestandthemost pious.Moreover,theyhavebeenofthebestlineageandthebestfamily.Theyarethemost favorabletotheLord TheHadithoftheTwoWeightyThingsaswellastheinnumerableHadithsregardingtheirmerits supportthismeaning.InNahjalBalaghah,`Ali,Allahmayhonorhisface,says,Wherearethose whoclaimedbeingexclusivelyrootedinknowledge?Itiswewhoarefirmlyrootedinknowledge. Theyclaimsuchafabricationduetotheirenvyingus,sinceAllahhasraisedusandhumiliated them,andendowedusandwithheldthem,andadmittedusanddismissedthem Byus,theguidanceissoughtandbyus,blindnessisdischarged.Afterme,therewillcometoyou anageduringwhichnothingwillbemorehiddenthantherightandnothingwillbemoreevident thanthewrongandnothinggreaterthanforgingliesagainstAllahandHisMessenger.Forpeople ofthatage,therewillbenothingmoreslumpingthantheDivineBookwhenwritteninthemost appropriateform,andtherewillbenothingmoreprofitablethandistortingit.Inthelands,there willbenothingmoreforbiddenthanthegoodandnothingmoreacceptablethanevil. Beitknowntoyouthatyouwillnotrealizetherightguidanceunlessyourealizeitsneglectersand youwillnotkeepthecovenantoftheDivineBookunlessyourealizeitsviolatorsandyouwillnot adheretoitunlessyourealizeitsscorners.Therefore,lookforthatwithitsrealpeople.Theyare thelifeofknowledgeandthedeathofignorance.Itistheywhosewisdomtellsoftheir knowledge,whosesilencetellsoftheireloquenceandwhoseappearancetellsoftheirhidden. Theynevertransgressthereligionnordotheyengagethemselvesindiscrepanciesaboutit. Amongthem,thereligionisanincessant,honestwitnessandsilentandspeaking. Unfortunately,majorityofSunnischolarshaverejectedthisexplanationandwarnedtheir followersagainstbeingconvincedbyShi`ahsclaimingthattheintendedmenintheHolyProphet (S)spredictionaretheTwelveImamsofhisprogeny.Theyconfessbeforetheirpartisansthatthe predictioniswhollyauthentic,butyoushouldneveracceptShi`ahsexplanationsincewe,Allah Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

willing,willfindanauthenticoneday!Uptonow,Sunniscouldnotprovideanypersuasive explanationtotheHolyProphet(S)sprediction.TheyattemptedtoapplytheTwelveImamsto thecaliphswhoruledaftertheHolyProphet(S).TheyreferredtothefourRashiditecaliphs (namely,AbuBakr,`Umar,`Uthman,and`Ali),`AbdullahibnalZubayr,andseriesofkingsofthe descendantsofAbuSufyan,Marwanandthe`Abbasidsetc.TheymayrefertotheUmayyad rulerswhoruledAndalusia,Saljukians,MamluksandOttomansetc. Whentheyfeelthatthenumberexceededtheintendedone,theyturntheirfacestowards hypothesesandpickupthebestoftheUmayyadand`Abbasidcaliphsforgivingthemthe characteristicsoftheHolyImams.Theydecidesomenamesandrejectothersinsuchapersonal waypurposedonlyforbefittingthenumberpredicted.Asotherscouldnotattainthenumber involved,theyclaimofcomingrulers.Mostsurely,suchapplicationswouldneverstoporrely uponaground,andtoadoptthemisimpossiblebecauseitistrivialtohavethecompetencyof choosingtwelveleadersamongtensandtoclaimtheirbeinggodlyleadersselectedbytheExalted LordandpredictedbytheHolyProphet(S). Forthefollowingreasons,Sunnischolarsshouldhavenotbornsuchanunattainabletask: First,inviewofthefactthatthosepromisedHolyImamsareselectedbytheLord,theyshouldbe havingthesamepathandgoal.Theyshouldleadtothesamepathsupportedbytheguidanceof theLordandHisMessenger.TheleaderschosenbySunnischolarsweresodiscordantthatthey foughteachother.ItiscompletelyimpossibleforProphetsordivinelyselectedleaderstofight eachotherortoassail,ruleofaberranceoratheism,slayorcutthelimbsofeachother.Aviewat thehistoryofthestruggleforpowerbetweentheUmayyadandthe`Abbasidrulersrefutesthe Sunnipresuppositions. Second,Sunnischolarshavetoascribesomequalitiestotherulers,whilethoserulersdidnot ascribesuchqualitiestothemselves.Inotherwords,noneoftherulerswhomSunnischolars listedunderthetitleofbeingintendedbytheHolyProphet(S)spredictionhaveeverclaimed beingholyordivinelyselectedforleadership.HadanyofthembeenaholyImamandselectedby theLordasarepresentativeorruler,theythemselveswouldhavereferredtothiselevated standingfor,atleast,havingprideinit.Itisimpossibleforanyonetobeholyandselectedwhile hedoesnotknow!NoneofthosecaliphsclaimedbeingselectedbytheLord,whiletheImamsof theAhlalBaythavealwaysconfirmedthattheyareholyanddivinelyselected. Third,wehavealreadyreferredtothepointthattheHolyProphet(S)didnotmentionthatthose Imamsshouldruleorcometopowerafterhim.Therefore,itisunnecessaryforSunnischolarsto committhemselvestooptingfortheTwelvePromisedImamsfromamongtherulersonly.Being boundbyanunnecessaryquestionwillleadtoengagementinanunanswerablematter. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

Fourth,mostofthoserecordedinthelistofthedivinelyselectedandpredictedImamsare actuallyaccursedbytheHolyProphet(S).HowisitthenadmissiblefortheLordtoberepresented byindividualsthatHisMessengeraccursedonmanyoccasions?Similarly,howisitacceptablefor theExaltedLordtocurseindividualsanddismissthemfromHismercy,fortheirwickedness,and thenHeselectsthemortheirsonsasholyImamswhosemissionistoguideHisservantsandrule Hislands? InSunnireferencebooksofHadith,itisauthenticallynarratedthattheHolyProphet(S)cursedal Hakamandhisson,Marwan,andbanishedthemoutofalMadinahuntilthereignof`Uthman whoviolatedtheHolyProphet(S)sdecision.ItisalsorecordedthattheHolyProphet(S)cursed AbuSufyanandhistwosonswhenhesawthemdrivingacamel.[53]Infact,thisisalongmaterial fullofwitnessesandevidences.Yet,thepartisansoftheUmayyadStatecannotstanditand, therefore,wewouldbetterleaveit.Forthepreviousreasons,Sunnischolarshadmorethanthirty contrarysayingsabouttheidentificationoftheTwelveHolyImamspredictedbytheHolyProphet (S).ItseemsthattheforemostsayinginthisregardisthatofAbuHatamibnHabban,whichis recordedin`AwnalMa`budfiSharhSunanAbiDawud11/361.ThisUmayyadscholarisrepealed bythescholarswhohaveworshippedthe`AbbasidState. Theyhaveaddedsomeofthe`AbbasidcaliphstothePromisedImamsanddeletedsome,ifnot all,oftheUmayyadrulers.ThissayingnoticeablyerasesthenameofalMahdifromthelistwhile heispromisedbymanyHadithsauthenticatedbySunnischolarsthemselves.Besides,alMahdiis includedintheHolyProphet(S)sfamoussaying,Afterme,therewillcomeTwelveImams.They havealsoerasedthenameofImamalHasanwhoruledforsixmonthsandallMuslims,exceptthe Syrianpeople,paidhomagetohim.Thelaterscholars,however,haveaddedhisnametothelist oftheTwelveImams. SincetheHolyProphetsaidthatalHasanandalHusaynhavebeenImamswhethertheydeclare jihadorchoosepeace,thosescholarsshouldhaveaddedtheirnamestothelist.Ontheother hand,ibnHabbanssuppositionaddsthenameofYazidibnMuawiyahinthelistandconsiders himasholyImamaboutwhomtheHolyProphet(S)foretold!Thisstandingisnotexpectedby Yazidhimselforevenhissaneadorerswho,incessantly,havesparednoefforttoprovehisbeing Muslimandnotapostate,thoughhehimselfconfessedofapostasyonmanyoccasions.Theyhave alsoexertedalleffortstoconvincepeoplethatYazidwasnotdeviant,sincehehadcommitted thoseawfulcrimesatKarbala`,abusedalMadinahanditspeopleandgaveorderstodemolishthe Ka`bahtheSacredHouseofAllah.TheyhavealsoincludedthenameofMuawiyahibnYazid (MuawiyahII)whomwasgiventheleadershipafterhisfather. Thismanaddressedonlyauniquesermoninwhichheacquittedhimselffromtheevildoingsofhis fatherandgrandfatheranddeclaredthatleadershiphadbeenalegalrightofImam`Ali,andthat Muawiyahhadwrongedhimandusurpedhisright.Finally,hedeclaredabdicationand,asaresult, Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

theUmayyadindividualsassassinatedhim.HadthismanrealizedhisbeingoneoftheTwelve PromisedImams,hewouldnothaveabdicatedpowerandexposedhimselftobeassassinatedby histhetyrantroyalfamily.Likewise,thissuppositioniscontrarytoSafinahsnarrationabout restrictingtheHolyProphet(S)ssuccession(i.e.caliphate)tothirtyyearsthatwouldbefollowed bydespotkingships.Scholarshaveauthenticatedthisnarration.Tofollowupthescholarswords aboutthisHadithtakesverymuchtime;yet,thesimilarityoftheirwordsmakesiteasier.Allof theirwords,infact,havebeengoingroundthepivotoftheproUmayyadinterpretation.The followingaremodelsoftheirwordsandanswers: AlSuyutisTarikhalKhulafa`/10: `Ayyadthejudgesays:Probably,theTwelveMenmentionedinHadithsareonlythoseduring whosereignsauthorityhasbeenwellpreserved,Islamwellprotectedandcongruitywellkept. Hence,theseaffairswereachieveduntilthedisorderandseditionthattookplaceinthereignof alWalidibnYazidthatcontinuedtotherevolutionofthe`AbbasidswhokilledtheUmayyads. IbnHajarcomments:Thewordsof`Ayyadarethebestandthemostpreferableinthisregard. TheyaresupportedbytheHolyProphet(S)ssaying,AllofthoseTwelveMenwillbe unanimouslyadmittedbypeople.Thisnarrationisrelatedtosomeauthenticseriesofnarrators. (AlSuyuticomments)Accordingly,theTwelveSuccessorsareidentifiedthefourRashidite caliphs,alHasan,Muawiyah,`AbdullahibnalZubayr,and`Umaribn`AbdalAziz.Theseareeight. Probably,alMuhtadi,thejust`Abbasidcaliph,isincludedsincehewasassameas`Umaribn`Abd al`Aziz.ThetwoExpectedmenremain.OneofthemisalMahdi,theoffspringofMuhammad. AlSuyutiandibnHajarhavedependeduponthestatement,Allwillbeunanimouslyadmittedby people,thoughitisadditionalandunprovenremark.AlAlbanitheWahhabistandmanyothers havedecidedthestatementasdoubtful.Besides,theyhaveviolatedSafinahsnarration,whichis completelyauthenticintheirview.Inthisnarration,theHolyProphet(S)definestheperiodof thirtyyearsashissuccession.Accordingly,elevenrulersinaperiodofthirtyyearswillbethe requiredandtheprocessofselectingamongtheUmayyadandthe`Abbasidrulerswillbevoid. Furthermore,alSuyutisreferencetothewordsofIbn`AyyadandIbnHajarhavebeennot accurate.IbnHajarswordsinwhichhenamedthefirsttwelveUmayyadrulersastheholyImams havebeenneglected.TheTwelfthoneisalWalidibnYazidibn`AbdalMalik,ibnHajardecides. Meanwhile,alSuyutistopsateightUmayyadrulersonlyandaddstwo`Abbasidones.Theerrors committedbyalSuyutiinthefieldofhisdishonestexcerptofibnHajarswordsareevidently showninthefollowingsectionsquotedfromFathalBari: IbnBattal,ontheauthorityofibnalMuhallab,says: Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

Nosinglescholarcouldevergiveadefiniteopinioninthisregard.Somescholarshoweverhave claimedthattheTwelvePromisedSuccessorswouldcomeinsuccessionwhileothershave claimedthattheywouldbeinthesametime,eachproclaimingleadership.Themostaccepted sayinginthisregardisthattheHolyProphet(S)onlywantedtorefertothecomingvicissitudes whenpeoplewouldfollowtwelvemen,eachclaimingleadership,inthesametime.Supporting thissuppositionisthattheHolyProphet(S)didnotmentionanyofthesetwelveleadersactions. [IbnHajarcommenting]Thepreviouswordsshowthatthewriterhasignoredthevariouswaysof narrationandstoppedonthebriefedformrecordedinalBukharis(alSahih).Wehaveformerly referredtothedifferentformsofthenarrationasrecordedbyMuslimandothers,inwhichitis saidthatIslamwouldbefortifiedandmighty.Inotherforms,itissaidthatpeople,unanimously, wouldobeythosesuccessors. AbuDawudrecordsthefollowingonauthorityofJabiribnSamarah:(TheHolyProphetsaid)This religionwillbeperpetuallykeptuntiltheendoftherulingofTwelveLeaderswhomwillbe followedbypeopleunanimously. [IbnHajarcommenting]alTabaranirecordsthisform,too,andrelatesittoalAswadibnSa`idon theauthorityofJabiribnSamarah,withthefollowingaddition:Theywillnotbeinjuredbythe maliciousones.`Ayyadsummarizesthisperplexity.Twoquestionsarearisenfromthenumber definedintheHolyProphet(S)ssaying: First,thesayingiscontradictedbytheextrinsicmeaningofSafinahsnarrationadmittedand authenticatedbygrandHadithists,suchasIbnHabbanandothers.Thenarrationsays,Forthirty yearsafterme,therewillbemysuccession.Itwillbefollowedbymonarchy.Thesethirtyyears wereruledbythefourRashiditecaliphsandalHasanibn`Ali. Second,morethantwelverulerscametopoweraftertheHolyProphet(S). Asananswertothefirstquestion,itmaybesaidthatthesuccessionintendedinSafinahs narrationistheHolyProphet(S)s,whileinJabiribnSamarahsnarration,thisisnotproposed. Aboutthesecond,theHolyProphet(S)sformdoesnotstandoutagainstthefactthatmorethan twelvemenwouldberuling,sincethenumbermentionedleadstopeculiarityofpersons,lestthe intendedonesarethejustrulerswhoaretheworthiestofthisposition.Fourofthemhavepassed away.TheotherswillindisputablycomebeforetheJudgmentDay.Otherformssaythatthose Twelvewillcomeandeachwillbefollowedbyagroupofpeople.Thisthingtookplacein Andalusiainthefifthcentury(afterHijra)whensixmen,eachclaimedleadership,roseinthe sametimeand,meanwhile,therulerofEgypt,the`AbbasidrulerinBaghdad,theother`Alawid andKharijiteleadersallwereclaimingleadershipoftheUmmah.Thisexplanationisalso supportedbyMuslimsnarration,Therewillbenumerousleaders. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 Atanyrate,itisprobablethattheTwelveOnesintendedwouldruleinthegoldenperiodofIslam. ThismeaningissupportedbysomeformsoftheHadith,suchas,Allwillbeunanimouslyfollowed bypeople.UptoalWalidibnYazidsreignwhenpeoplewereengagedinseditiousmatters, peoplefollowedthecaliphsunanimously.Thedisorderhoweverlasteduntilthe`Abbasidscame topowerandmassacredtheUmayyadsand,correspondingly,thenumberwasattained.Afterall, thereareotherprobabilities. [IbnHajar]AlMuhallaboptsforthesecondprobabilitytheTwelveRulerswouldcomeatthe sametime.Previously,wehaveansweredthisquestion.Theircominginthesametimeis sufficientlyenoughtoprovetheiranimosity;therefore,theirunanimitywouldnotbeactive.The followingnarrationopposesAbuDawudsinaccuracy: AhmadandalBazzarrelatethefollowingontheauthorityofibnMas`ud:WeaskedtheHoly Prophet(S)aboutthenumberofhissuccessors,andheanswered,Theywillbetwelve,justlike theIsraeliteleaders.[ThisisaqualifiedHadithwitharatherdoubtfulnarrator.] InKashfalMushkil,IbnalJawzisays:IsparednoeffortstoscrutinizethisvariousformedHadith, but,unfortunately,Icouldnotattainaconvincinganswer.Undoubtedly,thenarratorshave causedthisconfusion.Lateron,InoticedalKhattabirefertoanopinionthatIhaverecently decided.Besides,AbualHasanibnalMunadiandothershadtheirownopinions. ThisreferstotheincidentsthattookplaceafterthereignoftheHolyProphet(S)andhis companions,sincebothareinterrelated.ThisisasignaltothenumberoftheUmayyadcaliphs. Thisisthemeaningofhissaying,Thisreligionwillbekeptfortifieduntiltheendoftherulingof TwelveSuccessors.Then,hemovestoamorerigorouscharacteristic. TheUmayyadsbeginwithYazidibnMuawiyahandendwithMarwanalHimar(thedonkey).They arethirteen.`Uthman,MuawiyahandIbnalZubayrareomittedsincetheywereSahabah. MarwanibnalHakamisalsoomittedsinceitisdoubtfulwhetherhewasSahabahornot,orsince heovercameafterpeoplehadbeenunanimouslyfollowing`AbdullahibnalZubayr.Onthat account,thenumberisconcordant.AstheUmayyadslosttheircontroloverpower,seditious mattersandmassacrestookplaceuntilthe`Abbasidscouldrule. Thus,mannerscameintoanewstage.Thisopinionissupportedbythenarrationrecordedby AbuDawudandrelatedtoIbnMas`ud:ThehandmillsofIslamwillcomearoundforthirtyfiveor sixorsevenyears.Ifpeopleperish,theywillpursuetheirformers.Iftheirreligionisconstituted, thiswilllastfornomorethansevenyears.[54]Thisopinionisrepudiatedbythefactthatthe stabilityoftheUmayyadreignlastedformorethanninetyyears,sinceitbeganinAH41when MuawiyahcametopowerunanimouslyuntilthebeginningsofAH132whenMarwanibn Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

Muhammadwasassassinated. Inthevolume(ofhisbook)inwhichhecompilesreportsregardingalMahdi,AbualHusaynibnal MunadisupposesthattheTwelveImamswouldcomeaftertherulingofalMahdi.Headds,Inthe bookofProphet(S)Daniel,Icouldfindthefollowing:WhenalMahdiwillbedeceased,fivemen fromtheoffspringoftheeldergrandsonwillruleafterhim.Theywillbesucceededbyfivemen fromtheoffspringoftheyoungergrandson.Theirlastwillnominateamanfromtheoffspringof theeldergrandsonashissuccessor.Hissonwillcometopowerafterhim.Theywillbetwelve kings,eachalMahdi.AbuSalihrelatesthefollowingnarrationtoibn`Abbas: AlMahdisnameisMuhammadibn`Abdullah.Hewillbeagiantreddishman.Byhim,Allahwill relieveeverymisfortunefromthisUmmah.Hisjusticewilldismisseverywrong.Afterhim,twelve menwillrule;sixfromalHasansoffspringandfivefromalHusayns.Thelastwillbefrom anotherlineage.Whenheisdeceased,matterswillbecorrupted. Ka`balAhbarsays,TherewillbeTwelveMahdis.Afterwards,theSpiritofAllah(i.e.Prophet(S) Jesus)willdescendtokilltheAntiMahdi.[55] Anotherprobabilityisthattheintendedonesaretwelvejustrulerswhowillcomealongthe periodofIslam,nomattertheirreignswillbesuccessiveornot.Thisopinionissupportedby AbulJaldsnarrationrelatedbyAbuBahrandrecordedinMusaddadsalMusnadalKabir:This UmmahwillnotbeperishedbeforetherulingofTwelveSuccessorswhowillactbytheDivine guidanceandtherightbelief.TwoofthemwillbefromMuhammadshousehold,onewilllivefor fortyyearswhiletheotherforthirty. Likewise,thedisorderintendedtoprevailthereafteristheincidentstoprecedetheJudgment Day,suchasthecomingoftheAntiMahdiandGogandMagoguntiltheendofthisworld.These havebeenthewordsofIbnalJawziinbrief.(IbnHajarstates)Thefirstandlastopinionshave beenpreviouslydiscussedby`Ayyad,thoughitseemsthatIbnalJawzihasnotreviewedthem. Fromthepreviousdiscussion,anumberofopinionscanbenoticed.Thethird,however,isthe mostacceptablesinceitissupportedbytheauthenticformsofthenarrationcontainingthe phrase,Allwillbeunanimouslyfollowedbypeople.Unanimity,inthepreviousphrase,means thateverybodywouldsubmittotheleadershipofthoseTwelveImams.People,infact,obeyed theleadershipofAbuBakr,`Umar,`Uthmanand`Alirespectively,untiltheincidentofthetwo arbitersinSiffin. Asaresult,Muawiyahwasnominatedasthecaliph.AfterthearmisticeofalHasan,people followedMuawiyah.TheyfollowedYazidafterwards.AlHusayncouldnotattainleadershipsince hewaskilledbeforethat.AfterYazid,disorderemergedandlasteduntiltheassassinationofIbn Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

alZubayrandtherulingof`AbdalMalikibnMarwan. Hisfoursons(namely,alWalid,Sulayman,YazidandHusham)werefollowedbypeople unanimously.`Umaribn`AbdalAzizcouldcometopowerafterSulaymanandbeforeYazid.Those aresevenrulersafterthefourRashiditeCaliphs.ThetwelfthisalWalidibnYazidibn`AbdalMalik whowasunanimouslyfollowedbypeopleafterthedeathofHusham,hisuncle.Heruledfor aboutfouryears.Then,peoplemutiniedandkilledhim.Sincethen,seditiousmatterscameforth. Peopledidnotfollowasinglecaliphafterthat.YazidibnalWalidwhorebelledagainstalWalid ibnYazidcouldnotcontrolleadershipforaconsiderabletime.MarwanibnMuhammadibn MarwanrevoltedagainstYazid.Ibrahim,whocametopowerafterYazid,wasdefeatedby Marwan.finally,the`AbbasidsrevoltedandcouldkillMarwan. InadditiontothegreatnumberofthegroupswhomutiniedagainstAbul`AbbasalSaffahthe first`Abbasidcaliph,hecouldnotcontrolpowerforlong.AlMansur,hisbrother,graspedpower foralongtimedespitethathelostthefurthestwestofhiskingdomasitwascontrolledbythe offspringofMarwaninAndalusia.Theycontrolledtheseterritoriesuntiltheywereformally nominatedascaliphs.Thiswasfollowedbyadisorderalloverthekingdomwhenthecaliph becamenomorethananameinsometerritories.Thisisquiteoppositetothereignof`Abdal MalikibnMarwanwhenhecontrolledallthelandsconqueredbyMuslims.Alookattheirhistory provesthesefacts. Induecourse,thedisorderintendedintheHadithstandsforthemassacrescommitteddueto theseseditiousincidentsand,unfortunately,wereincreasing. AlHusaynibnalMunadisopinionis,indeed,notthatclearsinceitisoppositetoalTabaranis followingnarrationrelatedtoQaysibnJabiralSudafiontheauthorityofhisfather: Afterme,therewillbesuccessorsfollowedbyrulers.Thoserulerswillbefollowedbykings whomwillbefollowedbytyrants.Thereafter,amanfrommyhouseholdwillapproach.Hewillfill inthelandswithjusticeastheywerefilledinwithinequity.Then,sonofQahtanwillbegiventhe orders.IswearbyHimWhosentmewiththerightthathewillnotbelessthanhim. ThisnarrationrefutesIbnalMunadisnarrationquotedfromtheBookofProphet(S)Daniel. Likewise,AbuSalihandKa`bsopinionsareextremelyuntrue. Themostappropriatematterinthisregardistoconsidertheactualmeaningofaftermentioned intheHolyProphet(S)ssaying:Afterme,therewillbeTwelveSuccessors.Thus,alltherulers whosucceededtheHolyProphet(S)werefourteen,beginningwithalSiddiq(i.e.AbuBakr)and endingwith`Umaribn`AbdalAziz.Twoofthemwereofillegalleadershipandshortreign.They wereMuawiyahibnYazidandMarwanibnalHakam.Theothersweretwelve,astheHolyProphet Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

(S)hadpredicted.`Umaribn`Abdal`AzizdiedinAH101.Afterhim,theaffairsoftheUmmah wereconfused.Hence,thefirstcentury,whichwasthebest,cametoitsend. TheHolyProphet(S)ssaying,Theywillbeunanimouslyfollowedbypeople,doesnotcontrovert thisopinion,sinceitfitsthemajority.ExcludingalHasanibn`Aliand`AbdullahibnalZubayr,all thecaliphsmetthesequalifications.Theleadershipofthesetwomenwaslegal.Theworthiness (ofleadership)ofthosewhodissentedthemwasstillinvaliduntilalHasandelivereditand `AbdullahibnalZubayrwasassassinated.Allah,however,isthemostknowledgeable. Almost,theaffairsoftheStatewerenormalduringthereignsofthesetwelveleadersdespitethe factthatsomeirregularincidentshadoccurred.Theseirregularincidents,however,arerareif measuredtothenormal. IbnHabban,discussingthemeaningofthenarrationthatThehandmillsofIslamwillcome around,states:ThenarrationreferstotheUmayyadsleadership.Thefirstpointatwhichthe UmayyadsgraspedtheleadershipofMuslimswasduringMuawiyahsmutinyagainst`AliinSiffin andthearrangementsofthearbitration.Sincethen,theUmayyadscametopowerforseventy years.InAH106,thefirstwavesofthe`AbbasidsappearedinKhurasanIbnHabbandiscusses thispointinsuchfurtherdetailsthathecommittedmanyerrors.First,heclaimstheoccurrenceof thearbitrationinthelastdaysofAH36.Thisisunlikewhathistorianshaveagreedupon.Infact, thearbitrationoccurredafewmonthsaftertheBattleofSiffin.ThatwasinAH37etc. Fromtheabove,wecanobviouslynoticethatIbnHajaroptsforanopiniondifferentfromthatal Suyutiascribedtohim.Therewith,weshouldunderstandthatalSuyutihadnotreadallthewords ofIbnHajar;orweshoulddecidethatalSuyutihadforgedlies.Wehavealsonoticedthe perplexityandgreatnumberofcontraryprobabilitiestheyhaveshownduringdiscussingtheHoly Prophet(S)swordsabouttheTwelvecomingSuccessors.Mostofthemhavebetakenthe addition,theywillbeunanimouslyfollowedbypeople,asanaxisfortheirdiscussions.This addition,however,isnotauthentic.Agooddealofscholarsdeniedit.`Ayyaddecidesnothing.He usestheidiomsitissaidanditisprobableinreferringtothedifferentprobabilitiesof interpretingtheHadith.IbnHajaroptsforthethirdprobability.Hesays,Thethirdprobability discussedby`Ayyadisthemostacceptable Inabstract,scholarshaveledthereaderstonowherewhiletheyhavedonetheirbeststoexplain theProphet(S)sprediction,whichis,forthem,authenticandcarryingthegoodtidingsofthe adventoftwelveholyImams,guidesandcustodiansinthisnation.Theyhavealsoinsistedon suitingthesayingtotheUmayyadrulers,mixingittoanadditionalinauthenticanddoubtful statement.Besides,theadditionismeaninglessandfarawayfromtheHolyProphet(S)srhetoric. FormoreexamplesontheirmisguidanceinfindinganacceptableexegesisfortheHolyProphet Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

(S)sprediction,readerscankindlynoticethebookentitled`AwnalMa`bud11/3624. SomescholarshavestatedthatfouroftheTwelveSuccessorspassedaway.BeforetheJudgment Day,thenumberwillbeperfected.OthershaveclaimedthatthoseTwelveImamswouldcomein thesametimeandthateachwouldbefollowedbyagroupofpeople.AlTurbashtistatesthatthe onlywaytointerpretthispredictionanditslikesistoconsiderthejustleadersonly,sincethose aretheonlypersonswhodeservetobenamedascaliphs.Itisnotnecessaryforthemtobe successive,lestthemetaphoricalmeaningshouldbetakeninconsideration.Thepreviouswords arequotedfromalMirqat. InQurratal`AynaynfiTafdilalShaykhayn,Waliyullah,amasterscholar,records: AperplexityoccurredduringexplainingtheHolyProphet(S)ssaying,Thisreligionwillbekept triumpheduntilAlmightyAllahconveysTwelveSuccessorsfromQuraysh.Theproblemisthatthe sayingisconcordanttotheTwelvers[56]whodecideTwelveImamsastheirleaders. Indisputably,theHolyProphet(S)swordsaresimilartotheQuranictextsthatinterpreteach other.IbnMas`ud,authentically,narrates,ThehandmillsofIslamwillbecomingaroundforthirty fiveorsixorsevenyears.Ifpeopleperish,theywillpursuetheirformers.Iftheirreligionis constituted,thiswilllastfornomorethansevenyears. ManymistakeshavebeencommittedduringexplainingthisPropheticsaying.Thefollowingisour inferentialconclusion: ThisperiodbeginswiththesecondyearofHijra,whichistheyearofjihad.Accordingly,his predictioncametrue.Inthethirtyfifthyearsofjihad,`UthmansassassinationbefellandMuslims wereengagedindiscrepancies.AllahtheExaltedarrangedMuslimsaffairsafterwardsandjihad continueduntilthecomingofthe`AbbasidStateandtheeradicationoftheUmayyads Once,theHolyProphet(S)foretellsaboutthesuccessionoftheprophecy,hededicatesthirty years.Thenextyearsarenameddespoticmonarchy.Oncemore,heforetellsabouthis successionandnamesittheTwelveSuccessorsForattainingtheresultinthisquestion,itis advisabletoconsiderMuawiyah,`AbdalMalik,hisfoursons,`Umaribn`AbdalAzizandalWalid ibnYazidibn`AbdalMalikafterthefourRashiditecaliph. ItissaidthatMalik;themasterscholar,considers`AbdullahibnalZubayrasworthierof leadershipthanothers.Wehaveourownopinioninthisconcern.`UmaribnalKhattaband `UthmanibnAffan(Allahpleasethem)mentionedthat`AbdullahibnalZubayrsrevolutionand violationagainsttheHolyPrecinctshouldbeoneofthecatastrophesintheUmmah.Ahmad reportsthissayingfromQaysibnAbiHazim: Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 As`AbdullahibnalZubayrasked`UmaribnalKhattabspermittinghimtoparticipateinthe battle,thelattersaid,Sitinyourhouse!YouhaveparticipatedintheHolyProphet(S)s campaigns.But`Abdullahinsisteduntil`Umarsaid,Youshouldkeepyourselfinyourhouse!By AllahIswear,IseecomingthatyourcompanionsandyourevoltintheboardersofalMadinah andyouwillinjureMuhammadscompanions.ThisnarrationisrecordedbyalHakim. WecanconceivethattheBattleoftheCamelisnotintendedin`Umarssayingsincehesignified intheboardersofalMadinah.Thisverymeaningwasclarifiedin`Aliswordsaddressedinthe storyoftheanswerofalHasan.Hence,hecouldnotmanagetheaffairsofthestate.Forthe unsettlementofhisreignandhisillmanners,YazidibnMuawiyahcannotbeaddedtotheTwelve Successors. DespitethefactthattheauthorofQurratal`AynaynconfessesthattheUmayyadreignwas despoticmonarchyandtheirstatewasnottheHolyProphet(S)ssuccession,hegivesthemarole inhisinterpretationofthesaying.HeappliesthepredictionoftheTwelveHolyImamswhoare divinecustodiansontheUmmahtotheUmayyadtyrants.Secondly,heerasesthenamesofal Hasanibn`AliandalMahdifromthelist.Healsoerasesthenameof`AbdullahibnalZubayrwhile Malik,themasterscholar,andothershaveregisteredhim. Atanyrate,themancriticizesthosewhocommittedmistakesininterpretingtheHadith.Ashe promisespeopletosolvetheproblem,hemakesitworse! Hereinafter,wequoteibnKathirswordsasrecordedinalBidayahwalNihayah3/248:The TwelveexpectedSuccessorswhowillbefromQuraysharenotthoseclaimedbyRafidites.[57] Exceptfor`AliibnAbiTalibandalHasan,noneofthoserulerscouldattainMuslimshomage.The lastofthemis,astheyclaim,alMahditheExpectedwhoishidinginavaultinSamarra`.Hehas neitherexistencenortracenorpace. Infact,theTwelvepredictedSuccessorsarethefourImams;AbuBakr,`Umar,`Uthmanand`Ali and`Umaribn`AbdalAzizonwhomthetwopartiesofscholarsagree. Probably,IbnKathiraimsatthetwoopinionsabouttheconsecutiverulingofthosesuccessors. However,eachpartyhasmanyopinionsandhehasreferredtosomeofthem.Thereafter,he referstotheprobabilitiesandfocuseslightsonalBayhaqisdiscussionsinthisregard. AlBayhaqi,supportedbyagroupofscholars,adoptstheopinionthattheTwelveSuccessorsare thosewhosuccessivelycametopoweraftertheHolyProphet(S).TheirsealisalWalidibnYazid ibn`AbdalMalikthevillainouswhosebadmannershavebeenalreadydiscussed.Thisis problematic.Todiscussit,weshouldsaythattherulingofthefirstfourcaliphs;AbuBakr,`Umar, Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

`Uthmanand`AliareundiscussibleonaccountofSafinahsnarration,Mysuccessionwilllastfor thirtyyears.AfterthemcomesalHasanibn`Aliwhonominatedhimashissuccessor.Peopleof IraqdeclaredtheirloyaltytohimandaccompaniedhiminthefightingagainstpeopleofSyriauntil hesignedthetrucewithMuawiyah.TheseincidentsareprovenbythenarrationofAbuBakrahin alBukharisalSahih. Muawiyahcomesnext.YazidibnMuawiyah,MuawiyahibnYazid,MarwanibnalHakam,`Abdal MalikibnMarwanandalWalidibn`AbdalMalikcomenextsuccessively.Thesearefifteen persons.FinallycomesalWalidibnYazidibn`AbdalMalik.Supposing`AbdullahibnalZubayrs periodofrulingbefore`AbdalMalikisconsidered,theywillbesixteenpersons.Anyhow,before `Umaribn`AbdalAziz,theyaretwelve.Accordingly,YazidibnMuawiyahisaddedand`Umaris takenout.AllMuslims,includingRafidites,agreeonthefactthat`Umaribn`AbdalAzizsreign wasthebestinjustice.TheypraisedhimeminentlyandaddedhimtotheRashiditecaliphs. Providingtheleadersfollowedbypeopleunanimouslyareconsidered,`AliibnAbiTalibandhis sonshouldbetakenout.TheSyrianrefusedtopayhomagetothesetwomen.Similarly, Muawiyah,YazidibnMuawiyah,MuawiyahibnYazid,Marwanand`AbdullahibnalZubayrshould notbeconsideredforthesamereason.Onthataccount,AbuBakr,`Umar,`Uthman,Muawiyah, YazidibnMuawiyah,`AbdalMalik,alWalidibnSulayman,`Umaribn`AbdalAziz,Yazidand Hushamshouldbeadded.Theseareten.TheyarefollowedbyalWalidibnYazidibn`AbdalMalik thevillainous.Thisishoweverunacceptablesinceitleadstotaking`AliandalHasan,hisson,out ofthosetwelvepredictedsuccessorssinceitiscontrarytoSunniaswellasShiitetexts. Furthermore,itiscontrarytoSafinahsnarration,Forthirtyyearsafterme,therewillbemy succession.Itwillbefollowedbymonarchy.Safinah,besides,mentionsindetailthesethirty years. HedefinesthereignsofthefourRashiditecaliphs.ThesixmonthperiodofalHasansreignis considered,too.Afterthat,MuawiyahbeganthemonarchywhenalHasanibn`Alideliveredthe leadershiptohim.ThisnarrationconfirmsthefactthatMuawiyahshouldnotbedescribedas caliphandthatcaliphatewassealedafterthethirtyyearperiod.Thisdoesnotdenytheexistence oftheRashiditecaliphsthereafter.JabiribnSamarahsnarrationtestifiesthisfact. HudhayfahibnalYamanstated,After`Uthman,therewillbetwelvekingsfromthesonsof Umayyah.Theyarecaliphs,aretheynot?theyasked.No,theyarekings,answered Hudhayfah. AbulJaldstates,ThisUmmahwillnotbeperishedbeforetherulingofTwelveSuccessorswho willactbythedivineguidanceandtherightbelief.Twoofthemwillbefromthehouseholdof Muhammad,onelivingforfortyyearswhiletheotherforthirty. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

AlBayhaqithenrefutesAbulJaldswordsinunacceptablewayandwords.Thisisstrangefromal Bayhaqi.AgooddealofscholarsagreeswithAbulJald.Hissayingseemstobethemost preferableamongouropinions.Themanwaswonttoreadtheancientbooks.Themeaninghas beenrecordedintheTorah:AllahtheExaltedforetoldAbrahamaboutthebirthofIshmael.He foretoldthatHewouldgrowandincreasehisprogenyandwouldchoosetwelvegreatpersons fromhisoffspring.[58] IbnKathirreferstowhatisinscribedintherealTorah: 17:18AndAbrahamsaidtoAlmightyAllah,OhthatIshmaelmightlivebeforethee!17:19And AlmightyAllahsaid,Sarahthywifewillindeedbeartheeason;andthoushaltcallhisnameIsaac; andIwillestablishmycovenantwithhim,foraneverlastingcovenantforhisseedafterhim.17:20 AndforIshmaelIhaveheardthee:behold,Iwillblesshim,andwillmakehimfruitful,andwill verygreatlymultiplyhim;twelveprinceswillhebeget,andIwillmakehimagreatnation. 17:21ButmycovenantwillIestablishwithIsaac,whomSarahwillbeartotheeatthisappointed timeinthenextyear. Insteadofchief,Ka`balAhbartranslatedthewordintocustodian.Otherstranslateditinto Imams.Hence,thetextisintheTorah,SunnisbooksandShi`ahsbooks.Itsupportsthegood tidingsofourProphet(S).Atanyrate,itdoesnotsettletheproblemofSunniexegetes.Onthe contrary,itmakesitmorecomplicated.Ibnal`Arabi,theMalikite,diedinAH543,isregardedas thesmartestandfairestamongSunniexegetes.In`AridatalAhwadhifiSharhSahihalTirmidhi, headmitsthatanyapplicationoftheHolyProphet(S)spredictiontakestoadeadendway. Hence,heconfessesthattheremusthavebeenanadditiontothesayingsincethepresenttextis meaningless. JabiribnSamarahnarratedthattheHolyProphetsaid,Afterme,therewillcometwelveprinces; allwillbefromQuraysh.ThisisanauthenticHadith.Asweconsidertheleaderswhoruledafter theHolyProphet(S),wefindthefollowing:AbuBakr,`Umar,`Uthman,`Ali,alHasan,Muawiyah, Yazid,MuawiyahibnYazid,Marwan,`AbdalMalik,MarwanibnMuhammadibnMarwan,al Saffah,alMansur,alMahdi,alHadi,alRashid,alAmin,alMa`mun,alMu`tasim,alWathiq,al Mutawakkil,alMuntasir,alMusta`in,alMu`tazz,alMuhtadi,alMu`tadid,alMuktafi,al Muqtadir,alQahir,alRadi,alMuttaqi,alMustakfi,alMuti`,alTa`i`,alQadir,alQa`imandal MuqtadiwhomIcaughtintheyear484.HenominatedalMustadhirashisheirapparent.Hedied inMuharram,486.alMustadhir,however,nominatedhisson,AbuMansuralFadlashisheir apparent.ThatwasinAH495. Supposingtwelveofthemareintended,thenumberwillstopatSulaymanibn`AbdalMalik. Regardingthemeaning,wehaveonlyfivepersons;thefourRashiditecaliphsand`Umaribn`Abd Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

al`Aziz.Hence,IcannotperceiveadefinitemeaningfortheHadith.Probably,itisapartofa Hadith. Fromtheabove,wecanconcludethatSunnischolarshavesparednoeffortsforsakeofapplying thetwelvemenwhomarepromisedintheTorahbyProphetAbrahamandpredictedbyour Prophet(S)totheUmayyadrulers.Asamatteroffact,theyfacedthreeprincipleunsolved problems: First,thenumberofthose(successors)ismorethantwelve.However,theyconfessthatthose menarenottheHolyProphet(S)ssuccessors.Hence,theyhadtofacethewavesofoptionand selectiondependingonnoobjectivecriterion. Second,theyfeelthatthedivineapparelneverfitstheiracquaintancesandthattheirattemptsto defendtheacresofthoserulerswhoarenotrealsuccessorsoftheHolyProphet(S)andcovering uptheirdeedsarenonsensesincesomeofthemcommittedfatal,hideousmistakesandilldeeds. Thus,itisimpracticabletoconsidersuchpersonsasholyleadersandgreatcustodiansonthis UmmahthatAlmightyAllahhasforetoldabouttheiradventbythesealofHisProphets. Third,bythisclaim,scholarsplacethoserulersinadivinepositiontheythemselvesdidnotclaim. Hence,theybecameassameasthatwhoclaimssomebodysProphethoodwhilethatsomebody deniesit. Lastly,SunnischolarswarntheirfollowersnottoregardtheShiitescholars.Theypromisethemto find,soonerorlater,anexegesismoresuitablethantheShi`ahs.Previously,wehaveseenhow SunnischolarscouldnotforwardasinglestepforfindingaconvincingexegesisfortheHoly Prophet(S)spredictionoftheTwelveImams. SunnishavetherighttoasktheirscholarsforapersuasiveinterpretationfortheHolyProphet (S)sauthenticpredictionofthecomingoftwelveholyImamswhowillbedivinelydirectedand uniqueinknowledge,characterandbehavior,andwillbecustodiansofthesameguidanceand trend. Inlikemanner,wearealsorightfultodependonourowninterpretation,whichdefinesthe ImmaculateImamsoftheAhlalBaytasthepersonsintendedintheHolyProphet(S)sprediction. ThoseImamsbeginwith`AliandendwithalMahditheAwaited.TheHolyProphetsaid,Withus theLordbeginsandwithusHeseals.MosttruthfularethewordsofAllahandHisMessenger.

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ScholarsInvolvementinSafinahsNarration SafinahistheservantofUmmSalamah,theHolyProphet(S)swife.Scholarshavedecidedhimas trustworthyincommunicatingtheHolyProphet(S)ssayings.LikealBukhari,amanyHadithists dependonhisnarrationsespeciallythoserelatedtothetopicinvolved.Thefollowingisrecorded byalTirmidhiinalSunan3/341: Sa`idnarratedontheauthorityofSafinahthattheHolyProphetsaid,Inmynation,the successionwilllastforthirtyyearsandwillbefollowedbydespoticmonarchy. Safinahcommented,IfyouaccountthereignofAbuBakr,`Umar,`Uthmanand`Ali,theyare thirtyyears. Sa`idcommented,TheUmayyadrulersclaimthattheyarethesuccessorsoftheHolyProphet (S). Safinahanswered,LiarsarethesonsofthatZarqa`bluelady.Theyarekings,themostevil kings. Underthesametitle,alTirmidhirecordsthefollowing: `Umarand`Alisaid,TheHolyProphet(S)didnotwillanythingabouthissuccession(next leadership.)Thisnarrationisqualifiedbutwitharatherdoubtfulnarrator.Itisrelatedbyother thanSa`idibnJamhan,butwerecognizeitfromthiswayonly. Ahmad,inalMusnad5/2201,recordsthisnarrationalthoughhecutsoffthelasttwosentences regardingtheUmayyadsreigns.AlHakim,inalMustadrak3/71,decidesitsauthentic documentation. AsherelatesitinalBidayahwalNihayah3/198,IbnKathirrecordsthefollowingnarrationafter it:`AbdalRahmanibnAbiBakrahnarratedthatheheardtheHolyProphetsaying,Forthirty years,therewillbethesuccessionofProphethood.Afterit,AlmightyAllahwillgivehismonarchy towhomeverHedesires. Muawiyahcommented,Weyieldtothemonarchy. SupposingSafinahsnarrationisauthentic,theHolyProphet(S)spredictionshouldberegardedas foretellingaboutthisnationsdeviationandillegalityafterthirtyyears.Aslongastherulersinthe Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

periodofthirtyyearswerenotmorethanfivepersons,weunderstandthattheTwelveImams shouldbeothersor,atleast,theywouldnotcometopower.Inotherwords,Safinahsnarration decidesevidentlytheinaccuracyofconsideringtherulersasthetwelveexpectedcustodians. Unfortunately,majorityofexegeteshavebeensickofcherishingtheUmayyadrulers;therefore, theycommiteverycontrastingactforsakeofchangingtheUmayyaddespoticmonarchyintoholy custody.Likewise,theyhaveattemptedtomaketheUmayyadtyrantandcriminalrulersasdivine ImamspredictedbytheHolyProphet(S). Asasupportforouropinion,wesaythatSunnisadmitSafinahsnarrationofdefiningtheHoly Prophet(S)ssuccessiontothirtyyears.Safinahhimselfexplainsthenarration.Hedeniesthe UmayyadsbeingtheHolyProphet(S)ssuccessors.Hedescribesthemaskings;themostevil kings.Healsoaccusesthemofbastardy.Heaccusesthemofbeingtheillegitimatesonsofa Romanprostitute(sonsofthatZarqa`;thebluelady). Despite,exegeteshavedecidedtheUmayyadrulersasholyleaderschosenbytheExaltedLordfor leadingthisnation. Somescholars,suchasalAlbani,aimsatdenyingSafinahsexplanationofthenarration.They decideitasaninauthenticredundancy.Inthesamemanner,alltheUmayyadrulerssavagedeeds thatfilledthepagesofhistoryarenotauthenticintheviewofsuchscholars. In`UmdatalQari16/74,al`Aynirecordsthefollowing: ProvidingsomemayclaimsthatSafinahsHadithopposesJabiribnSamarahs(TheProphetsaid, ThisreligionwillbekeptinefficacyandpowertotwelvesuccessorsfromQuraysh)thatis recordedbyMuslim,wesaythatthisreferstothesuccessionofprophesy.Itdoesnotmeanthat therearenoothers. OtherssaythatthispredictionofthecomingoftwelvejustQurayshiterulersdoesnotguarantee consecution.InthirtyyearsaftertheHolyProphet(S),thisjustleadershipfell.Manyageslater, justcaliphs,suchas`Umaribn`Abdal`AzizandalMuhtadi,couldtakeleadership.AlMahdithe Expectediswithinthosepromisedsuccessors. FornothingmorethandefendingtheUmayyads,scholarshavedonetheirbestinplayingon words.Theydividethelegalsuccessionintotwotypes.ThefirstisthesuccessionofProphethood, whichlastedforthirtyyears.ThesecondisnotasuccessionofProphethood,thoughlegal.This nonPropheticsuccessionwaspromisedbytheHolyProphet(S)whenhepredictedthecomingof twelvesuccessorsorImams! TheproUmayyadexegetesfindtheirlostinthisfabrication;therefore,theyadheretoitsinceit Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

enablesthemtoplayonthewordsoftheHadithandmakeitapplicabletotheirrulers! IbnKathir,inalBidayahwalNihayah3/198,says: AsananswerforthequestionaboutthewayofadmittingSafinahsnarrationandthatofJabiribn Samarahinthesametime,wesay:Somepeopleclaimthatthisreligioniskeptinefficacyand poweruntilTwelveSuccessorswhowillholdtheleadership.Afterthat,confusiontookplace duringtheUmayyadsreigns.OtherscontradicttheprevioussayingandallegethattheHadithwas apredictionofthecomingoftwelvejustQurayshiterulers,nomattertheyaresuccessiveornot. Inaperiodofthirtyyearsonly,theconsecutivesuccessionoftheHolyProphet(S)tookplace. Afterthat,faircaliphs,suchas`Umaribn`Abdal`Aziz,couldcometopower.Anumberofmaster scholarsdecidethedecencyofthismantothedegreethattheyreckonhimwiththeRashidite caliphs.AhmadibnHanbalsays,Exceptfor`Umaribn`Abdal`Aziz,theopinionofnoneof Sahabahsfollowersisadmitted.AlMahdi,the`Abbasidruler,isoneofthosepredicted successors.AlMahditheExpectedisalsooneofthem,sincehewillbefromtheAhlalBayt.Heis namedMuhammadibn`Abdullah.HeisnotthatoneexpectedinavaultinSamarra`.Thisoneis originallynotexisted.OnlytheillmindedRafiditesareawaitinghim. Hence,ibnKathirlacksanylogicalanswerfortheproblemofSafinahsnarration.Heascribesthe opinionstosomeorothers.HadheonlyrecordedSafinahsnarrationcompletelyasitisfound intheirreferencebooksofHadith! Hispraisefor`Umaribn`Abdal`AzizandaMahdi,the`Abbasidruler,cannotbetakenas evidenceontheirbeingwithintheexpectedholysuccessors,lesteachpraisedmancanbe regarded.Toregardapersonwiththepredictedandpromisedmennecessitatesevident credentialsprovinghisbeingoneofthosedivinepersonschosenbytheLordandgivenexclusively astandingunattainablebyordinarypeople. TherepetitionoftheShi`ahswaitingforalMahdi,theExpected,inavaultinSamarra`isaforged lie.Likehim,wetheShi`ahexpectalMahditocomeforthinMakkah.ThevaultofSamarra`isno morethanhisgrandfathers,fathersandhishouse,whichisablessedplacewhereweprayto Allahandseekblessings.IbnKathir,however,isblabbermouth! Thefollowingtextisquotedfromthefootnoteof`AwnalMa`bud11/361: ShaykhIbnalQayyimsays:AsananswerforthequestionaboutthewayofadmittingSafinahs narration,Afterme,thesuccessionwilllastforthirtyyears,andthepredictionofthecomingof TwelveImams,wesaythatthetwonarrationsarenotoppositesincethethirtyyearsof successionisthesuccessionofProphethood.ThisissupportedbyAbuBakrahsnarration. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 NeitherIbnalQayyimnorcouldanyoneelsedefinethesuccessionotherthanthatof Prophethood.Then,whatasortofsuccessionwasthat?Howshouldsucharulingcarryaholy IslamiccharacteristicaftertheHolyProphet(S)haddescribeditasadespoticmonarchy?The authorofQurratal`Aynaynandothershaveadmittedthis;theiradmittingthefactthatthe UmayyadreignwasnomorethanadespoticmonarchyandthatitwasnotIslamicinanymeansis anadmissionofitsbeinganonIslamicdespoticdominion.Howisitthenapplicableforanysane toperceivethattheExaltedLordandHisMessenger(a.s.)carrythegoodtidingsofthecomingof nonIslamicrulerswhowillinjuretheUmmahbytheirdespoticactions? HadibnHabban,ibnHajar,IbnalQayyimandtheirlikesstoppedtheirfanaticismfortheUmayyad rulers,thematterwouldhavebeeneasier.Unfortunately,theyinsistedonusingtheProphetic sayingsfortheirsupportandaimedatapplyingtheHolyProphet(S)sgoodtidingstotheir despotickings. AlAlbanidecidestheauthenticityofagooddealofHadithsrespectingthedeviationofrulers comingtopoweraftertheHolyProphet(S).Undernumber2982,hedecidestheauthenticityof theHadiththatSomeofmycompanions(Sahabah)willneverseemeagainaftermydeparture. Undernumber2864,alAlbanidecidestheauthenticityoftheHadiththatAfterme,youraffairs willbeinthehandsofmenwhowillextinguishmytraditionsandinjectheresies. TheHadith,IamholdingyoufromtheneckssothatyouwillnotfallinHellfireyouarepushing yourselvesinlikebutterfliesandlocust.Iamabouttoflingyournecks,isgivennumber2865. TheHadith,AmanfromsonsofUmayyahwillbetakinginitiativeinchangingmytraditions,is authenticatedbyalAlbaniwholistsitundernumber1749oftitle,TheHolyProphet(S)s Prediction.AlAlbanicommentates:ThisHadithstandsforthechangethatoccurredtotheIslamic systemfromelectionsintomonarchy.Allah,however,isthemostknowledgeable. Undernumber744,alAlbanidecidestheauthenticityoftheHadiththatAssoonassonsofalAs attainthirty,theywillbetaketheLordsreligionasaninstrumentandtheLordsservantsasslaves andtheLordsfortunesaspersonaltreasures.AshedecidestheauthenticityofSafinahs narration,alAlbaninumbersit459underthetitle,TheSuccessionofProphesy.Nevertheless, hedefendstheUmayyads,saying: ThisdoesnotopposethecomingofothercaliphssincetheyarenottheHolyProphet(S)s successors.Evidently,thoseonlyareintendedbytheHadithinvolved.Thisissupportedbythe followingwordsofShaykhalIslam,Itisacceptabletocallthosewhocametopowerafterthe Rashiditecaliphsascaliphs,thoughtheywerekings. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 PursuingIbnTaymiyah,alAlbanirulesthattheTwelveholyCustodiansaboutwhomtheHoly Prophet(S)foretoldareMuawiyah,YazidandsonsofalHakamibnAbualAsatwhomtensof frank,decisiveandauthenticsayingsofcensurewereaddressed!Seehowfanaticismincherishing theUmayyadsincitesthismantoputhimselfinapositiondeservingtheExaltedLordscensure andHisMessengerscurse. SuchapersonwillnotfindananswerifanOrientalistaddresseshimthatMuslimsconfessthat theirLordandHisMessengerareoffluctuatingtempers!Theycurse,censureandcondemn personsandthenpleasethemanddeclarebeforeMuslimsthatthosepreviouslyaccursedpersons andtheiroffspringwillbethechoiceamongpeopleandwillbethedivinelysinlesscustodiansof thisnation! ThewickedOrientalists,SalmanRushdi,andhislikesfoundthemselvesaholeforrevilingatIslam throughsuchfalsenarrationsrespectingfanaticismtoQuraysh,theUmayyadsandKa`balAhbar. (L)ModelsofournarrationsAbouttheTwelveImams InalKhisal,ShaykhalSaduqrecordsthefollowingonpages4667:IbnMas`udsnarrationis relatedindifferentwaysofnarration,allrelatedtoMujalidibnSa`id.Atanyrate,insomeways, MujalidibnSa`idisnotmentioned. Qaysibn`Abdnarrated:Weweresittingaround`AbdullahibnMas`udwhenaBedouincame andaskedabouthim.Iam`Abdullah,answeredhe.DidyourProphet(S)tellyouaboutthe numberofhissuccessors?askedtheBedouin.Yes,hedid.Theyaretwelve,likethenumberof theIsraelitedisciples,answered`Abdullah. Inthesamedocumentation,thenarrationsarerecordedinKamalalDinwaItmamalNi`mah, 271.Amongthecomparativeobjectivewritings,IcanrecognizethepreciousbookofKifayatal AtharAlaalA`immahalIthny`Ashar,compiledbythemastscholar`AliibnMuhammadibn`Alial KhazzazalQummialRazi;oneofthescholarsofthefourthcentury.Thisworkisconsideredasthe mostremarkableinthefieldofHadiths. Intheintroductoryofthebook,thecompilerdefineshiscourse.Onpage7,herecords: ThemainreasonthaturgedmetocompilethenarratorsoftheSahabahandtheHolyProphet (S)struthfulprogenyaboutthetextsdealingwiththeImmaculateImamsisthatIfoundsome ordinarypeopleoftheShi`ahperplexedinthisregard.Theydoubtedduetothefirmnessofthe anthropomorphistsandtheMu`tazilitewhoaimedatconfusingtheircredits.Thematterattained Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

itsclimaxwhenthosepeopledeniedthedivinetextsregardingImamate.Someexceededdenying allthetraditionsoftheSahabahinthisregardTherefore,Icommittedmyselftosearchingand presentingwhateverevidencesIcanobtain.Iintendedtorepealtheantagonistsheresies.Finally, IseektheLordsrewardingandthesatisfactionoftheHolyProphet(S)andtheImams. First,letmementionthenarrationsdealingwiththistopicthatarerelatedtothefamous Sahabah,suchas`Abdullahibn`Abbas,`AbdullahibnMas`ud,AbuSa`idalKhidri,AbuDharral Ghifari,SalmanalFarisi,JabiribnSamarah,Jabiribn`Abdullah,AnasibnMalik,AbuHurayrah, `UmaribnalKhattab,ZaydibnThabit,ZaydibnArqam,AbuUmamah,WathilahibnAlAsqa,Abu AyyubalAnsari,`AmmaribnYasir,HudhayfahibnAsyad,`ImranibnalHusayn,Sa`dibnMalik, HudhayfahibnalYaman,AbuQatadahalAnsari,`AliibnAbuTalibandhistwosons;alHasanand alHusayn(a.s.). Amongwomen,IcompiledthetextsrelatedbyUmmSalamah,`A`ishahandFatimahdaughterof theHolyProphet(S).Thereafter,IrecordtheImamsreportsconcordanttothereportsofthe Sahabah.IwillmentioneachImamsnominatinghissuccessor.Thisworkispurposedformaking peoplerealizethetruthandtakeitastheirreligion,evadingbeinglikethosedescribedinAlmighty Allahssaying,Andthosedidnotshowoppositionbutafterknowledgehadcometothem,outof envyamongthem. Suchnarrationsremovedoubtandhesitancyandrepealeveryexcuse.Infact,thematterismore genuinethanwhattheythought. Thecompilercollatesthenarrationofeachcompanionhehasalreadymentionedunderadefinite title.HealsorecordsthenarrationanditsdocumentationandseriesofnarratorsuptotheHoly Prophet(S).Thisworksavedagreatdealofnarrationsthathavebeen,totallyorpartially,lostin thereferencebooksofourSunnibrothers.Thefollowingaremodelsfromthebook: Onpage23,Title:Narrationsof`AbdullahibnMas`ud,thewriterrecords:`AbdullahibnMas`ud narratedthathehadheardtheHolyProphetsaying:TheImamsaftermewillbetwelve.Nineof themwillbefromalHusaynsoffspring.TheirninthistheirMahdi. Onpage37,Title:NarrationsofAnasibnMalik,thewriterrecords: AnasibnMaliknarratedthefollowing:Afterleadingacollectiveprayer,theHolyProphetsaid, Omycompanions!Whoeverlovesmyhouseholdwillbegroupedwithus.Whoeveradheresto mycomingsuccessorswillhaveadheredtotheFirmestHandle.AbuDharrstoodandasked,O AllahsMessenger!HowmanywilltheImamsbeafteryou?Theirnumberisthelikeofthe Israeliteleaders,answeredtheHolyProphet(S).Allwillbefromyourhousehold?askedAbu Dharr.Allwillbefrommyhousehold.NinewillbefromalHusaynsoffspring.AlMahdiisoneof Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

them,answeredtheHolyProphet(S). Onpage133,Title:NarrationsofAbuAyyubalAnsariKhalidibnZayd,thewriterrecords: AbuAyyubalAnsarisaidthathehadheardtheHolyProphetsaying,Iamthemasterofthe Prophets.`AliisthemasteroftheProphetssuccessors.Mygrandsonsarethebestgrandsons.The ImmaculateImamsbelongtous.TheyarefromalHusaynsoffspring.AlMahdiofthisnationis fromus.ABedouinstoodupandaskedabouttheirnumber.Theirnumberisthelikeofthe grandsonsofAbrahamandtheDisciplesofJesusandtheIsraeliteleaders,answeredtheHoly Prophet(S). Onpage120,Title:Narrationsof`AmmaribnYasir,thewriterrecords: `Ammarnarratedthefollowing:IwaswiththeHolyProphet(S)duringacampaignwhen`Ali (a.s.)couldkillthestandardbearers;`Amribn`AbdullahalJumjumiandShaybahibnNafi`.Icame totheHolyProphet(S)andexpressedthat`AlihadfoughtforsakeofAllahintheveryproperway. ThisisbecauseheisapartofmeandIamapartofhim,answeredtheHolyProphet(S),Heis theheirofmyknowledgeandthesettlerofmydebtsandthekeeperonmypromises. Heistheleaderafterme.Withouthim,thepurebelieversareneverrecognized.Toconfronthim istoconfrontme,andtoconfrontmeistoconfrontAlmightyAllah.Toconsenttohimisto consenttome,andtoconsenttomeistoconsenttoAlmightyAllah.Heisthefatherofmytwo grandsons.TheImamsarefromhisoffspring.Fromhim,AllahtheExaltedwillbringthePrudent Imams.AlMahdiofthisnationwillbeoneofthem.Iwondered,Maymyfatherandmotherbe sacrificedforyou,AllahsMessenger!WhoisalMahdi?TheHolyProphet(S)answered,O `Ammar!AllahtheBlessedandElevatedhasgivenmeacovenantthatHewillcreateninepersons fromalHusaynsoffspring.Theirninthwillbeinvisibleforthem.ThisisAllahssaying,Say: Haveyouconsideredifyourwatershouldgodown,whoisitthenthatwillbringyouflowing water?Hisoccultationwilltakealongtimethatsomepeoplewillapostatizewhileotherswillbe firm.Inthelastage(oftheearth),hewillcomeforthtofillinthisworldwithjusticeandequity.He willfightforsakeoftheinterpretation(oftheHolyQuran)inthesamewayasIfoughtforsakeof therevelation(ofit).Hewillhavemyname.Hewillbethemostsimilartome.O`Ammar!After me,therewillcomeaheresy.Whenthatoccurs,youshouldfollow`Aliandhisparty.Heiswith therightandtherightiswithhim.O`Ammar!Afterme,youwillbefightingwith`Alitwo categoriesofpeoplethebreachersandthedeviants.Then,thedespoticpartywillkillyou. Iasked,OAllahsMessenger!WillthatsatisfyAllahandyou? TheProphet(S)answered,Yes,thatwillsatisfyAllahandme.Thelastmealyouwillhaveinthis Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

worldwillbeadrinkofmilk.etc. Onpage180,Title:NarrationsofUmmuSalamah,thewriterrecords: SaddadibnAwsnarrated:OntheBattleoftheCamel,Idecidednottojoinanyofthetwo parties.Tothemidday,Ididnotparticipateinthefighting.Thatafternoon,theLordinspiredmy hearttofightwith`Ali.Therefore,Ifoughtinhislinesuntiltheendofthebattle.WhenIwasback inalMadinah,IvisitedUmmSalamah.Fromwherehaveyoucome?askedshe.FromBasrah,I answered.Whichpartydidyoujoin?sheasked.OUmmalMu`minin!Iexpressed,Iretired thefightingforhalfaday.Then,theLordinspiredmetofightwith`Ali.Youhavedonethevery rightthing,shepraised,andadded,IheardtheHolyProphetstating:Tofightagainst`Aliisto fightagainstme,andtofightagainstmeistofightagainsttheLord.Youseethat`Aliistheright, doyounot? Iasked.Yes,byAllah,sheaffirmed,`Aliiswiththerightandtherightiswithhim.ByAllahI swear,MuhammadspeopleviolatedtheirProphet(S)whentheychosethosewhomare disregardedbytheLordandHisMessengeranddisregardedthosewhomarechosenbytheLord andHisMessenger.TheykepttheirwomenintheirhousesandtookouttheHolyProphet(S)s ladytothedeserts.ByAllahIswearthatIheardtheHolyProphetsaying:MyUmmahwillbeina concordanceandindiscrepancy.Youshouldjointhemwhentheyareconcordant.Andyoushould chooseforthemiddlesituationwhentheyareengagedindiscrepancy.Youshouldfocusyour eyesonmyhousehold.Iftheyfight,youshouldfightwiththem.Iftheyoptforpeace,youshould followthem.Therightisbeingwiththemwhenevertheyare. Iasked,Whoarehishousehold?UmmSalamahanswered,Itistheytowhomweare commissionedtoadhere.TheyaretheImamsafterhim.TheirnumberisassameastheIsraelite leadersnumber.Theyare`AliandhistwosonsandninepersonsfromalHusaynsoffspring.They aretheimmaculateandthesinlessImams.Isaid,Whatapity!Peopleareperishing,then!She commented,Everysectrejoicingwhattheyhadwiththem. (3)TheIslamicPrinciplesintheSermonsoftheFarewellHajj WehavepreviouslyprovedthattheHolyProphet(S)sSermonof`Arafat,intheFarewellHajj, includedhispredictionofthecomingoftheTwelveImamsaswellashisrecommendationsinthis regard.Letusnowdiscussthecontentsoftheotherfivesermons;SermonofMakkahontheDay ofTarwiyah,SermonoftheSecondDay,SermonofalKhayfMasjidontheDayofNahrand SermonofGhadir. Althoughnarrationshavecommunicated,confusedly,afewreportsaboutthecontentsofthese sermons,itispossibletoinferthattheHolyProphet(S),throughthesesermons,providedallthe Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

affairsneededbyhispeopleafterhim.Thesesermonsincludedstatementsdealingwiththe followingfivebases: 1.Thebasisofthehumanitarianequity: Theprincipleofthehumanitarianunityamonghumankindandtheeradicationoftheracial discrimination. Theprincipleofgoodtreatmentofwomenandtheavoidanceofwrongingthem. 2.ThebasisoftheunityoftheUmmah: Theprincipleoferadicatingthetraces,practicesandregulationsofthepreIslamicerathatarein violationoftheIslamiclaws. TheprincipleofMuslimsfraternityandequity. TheprincipleoftherespectforprivateownershipandtheillegalityofviolatingMuslims properties. TheprincipleofregardingMuslimssoulsandtheillegalityofsheddingtheirblood. TheprincipleofrespectingMuslimshonorsanddignityandtheillegalityofabusingeachother. TheprincipleofmaintainingpropertiesandsoulsofthosewhospeakoutthecreedofIslam (shahadah). TheprincipleofsealingProphethoodwiththeHolyProphet(S)andsealingthenationswithhis Ummah. TheprincipleoftheHolyProphet(S)sbeingthewitnessonhispeopleintheHereafterandtheir joininghimontheDivinePool. Theprincipleofthenecessityoftheaccuracyinactingandtheadmonishingagainstcommitting theinsignificantactionsthatleadtodeviation. TheprincipleofwarningagainstforgingliesagainsttheHolyProphet(S)andtheinsistenceon investigatingwhateverisascribedtohim. 3.ThebasisoftheunityoftheIslamiclawShari`ahandtheMuslimsculture. Theprincipleoffulfillingthetrusts. Thelawsoftheheritage. Thelawsofthebloodmoneyandretaliation. ThelawsoftheritesoftheHajj;Fromme,youshouldlearntherites. 4.ThebasisofthepoliticalaffairsandtheleadershipaftertheHolyProphet(S): TheprincipleofthepredictionoftheadventofTwelveImamsfromtheAhlalBayt. TheprincipleoftheimportunateadherencetotheQuranandtheAhlalBaytthetwoweighty Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

things. TheprincipleofnominatingImam`Ali(a.s.)asthenextleaderoftheUmmahandthefirstofthe TwelveImams. Theprincipleofkeepingonperformingtheobligatoryritesandthecompliancewiththeleaders. TheprincipleofimmortalizingtheplotofQurayshandKinanahontheblockadeofthe Hashimites. TheprincipleofwarningpeopleofQurayshagainstplayingthetyrantafterthedepartureofthe HolyProphet(S). TheprincipleofwarningtheSahabahagainstbreakingfaithandstrugglingonpower. 5.ThebasisofpunishmentofthedissentersagainsttheHolyProphet(S)scourse: Theprincipleofcursingthosewhoascribethemselvestootherthantheirfathersormasters. Topresentdetaileddiscussionsaboutthesebasesandprinciplesisimpossible;therefore,letus refertosomemodelsoftheseholysermonsbeforewerefertothetopicsandexamplesrelated. ItisquiteclearthattheHolyProphet(S)referredtoeachofthesebasesandprinciplesonmany occasionsbeforetheFarewellHajj.Asamatteroffact,they,togetherwiththesixsermons,form aninseparablycoalescingtopic.TheHolyProphet(S)swordingisarevelationthatcompletesand explainseachother.Ineverytopic,thatwordingformulatesaperfectdoctrinalandlegislative unitythatcontributesintheconstructingofthedivinecomprehensiveedificeofIslam. Notes: [33]Lateron,thetextsofthesacredsermonsoftheFarewellHajjwillbecited. [34]SahabaharegenerallythecompanionsoftheHolyProphet(S)and,terminologically,every one,disregardingtheage,whosaw,heardorwitnessedtheHolyProphet(S).Yet,various opinionshavebeengiveninthisregard.Formoreinformation,seeAhmadHusaynYa`qub:The ConceptionoftheSahabahsUltimateDecency;translatedbyBadrShahin,AnsariyanPublications Qum,1999. [35]Majma`alZawa`id3/270. [36]Minbarisasmallsetofstepsinamosquefromwhichthesermonsaredelivered. [37]Thisnarrationisauthenticated.seeMajma`alZawa`id5/191. [38]AlTabarani:alMujamalKabirandalMujamalAwsatandalHaythami:Majma`alZawa`id Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

5/190. [39]AlBukhari,alSahih5/6 [40]Also,AbuDawud:alSunan1/435andAhmadalMusnad5/37. [41]Also,Ahmad:alMusnad4/320. [42]IbnHajar:TahdhibalTahdhib2/35. [43]AlDhahbi:SiyarA`lamalNubala`3/187. [44]IbnHajar,TahdhibalTahdhib4/206 [45]WhentheHolyProphet(S)conqueredMakkah,hesummoneditspeoplewhohadmistreated himsobadlytothedegreethattheyhadwagedmanycampaignsagainsthim.Yet,hepardoned themandtheywerenamedtheReleasedOnes. [46]SiyarAlamalNubala3/187. [47]Also,Ahmad:alMusnad1/398and406andalMuttaqialHindi:Kanzal`Ummal6/89and 12/32asquotedfromIbnSa`d:alTabaqatandIbn`Asakir:Tarikh. [48]ShaykhalSaduq:alIkhtisas233,alKhazzaz:KifayatalAthar73andalNu'mani:alGhaybah 106. [49]Also,Majma`alZawa`id4/220. [50]TheShi'ahImamiyyaharethosewhobelieveintheTwelveImamsasthedivinely commissionedleadersoftheUmmahtobefollowed. [51]Shi'ahZaydiyyaharethosewhobelieveZaydibn`AliibnalHusaynastheImamtobe followedafterhisfather,ImamZaynal`Abidin. [52]Also,A'lamalWara364. [53]MajmaalZawaid1/113. [54]AlAlbani,andnoneelse,hasdecidedtheauthenticityofthisnarration. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

[55]TheAntiMahdiisassameastheAntichristwhoisagreatpersonalopponentofChrist, expectedtoappearbeforetheendoftheworld. [56]Twelversarethe(Ithnaashariyyah)ShiahwhobelieveintheTwelvedivinelycommissioned Imams. [57]AccordingtoSunnidefinition,theRafidites(Rejecters)arethosewhorejectedtheleadership ofAbuBakrandUmaraftertheProphet(S)sdecease.However,thenameissaidtotheShiahin generalandtheTwelversinparticular.FortheShiah,thistitleisobjectofpridebecause, accordingtoanauthenticatednarrationreportedfromImamJa`faralSadiq(a.s.),thistitlewas firstsaidtothebelieversofEgyptwhofollowedProphet(S)Moses. [58]ThisisanindicationtoGenesis,17:20:AndforIshmaelIhaveheardthee:behold,Iwillbless him,andwillmakehimfruitful,andwillverygreatlymultiplyhim;twelveprinceswillhebeget, andIwillmakehimagreatnation.DerbysVersionoftheBible.

Chapter4:TheHumanitarianEquity Thisbasisistooevidenttorequireanyfurtherdiscussion.Previously,wehavereferredtoa numberofrelatedtextsoftheHolyProphet(S)ssermons. ModelsoftheHolyProphet(S)sSermonsintheFarewellHajj IbnShu`bahalHarranidiedinAH350recordsthefollowingonpage30ofTuhafal`Uqul: TheHolyProphet(S)sSermonintheFarewellHajj: IntheFarewellHajj,TheProphetsaid: AllpraiseisduetoAllah.WepraiseHim,seekHisaidandforgiveness,andrepenttoHim.Weseek Hisguardagainsttheevilsofourwrongdoingsandourselves.Noonewillbeabletoleadastray thosewhomAllahguidesandnoonewillbeabletoguidethosewhomAllahcausestodeviate.I declarethatthereisnogodbutAllahexclusivelywithoutanyassociate,anddeclarethat MuhammadisHisservantandmessenger. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

OslavesofAllah,IcommandyoutoadheretopietyandurgeyoutoobeyHim.IbeginwithAllah Whoisthesourceofeverythinggood. Opeople,listentowhatIwillsaytoyou.IdonotknowwhetherIwillmeetyouthenextyearin thissituationornot. Opeople,yoursoulsandhonorsareasholyasthisdayinthiscountryamongyouuptothedayon whichyouwillmeetyourLord.HaveIconveyed?OAllah,bethewitness. Hewhomistrustedwithadepositshouldfulfillhistrust.TheusuryofJahiliyah(preIslamicera)is revoked.ThefirstusurythatIwillrevokeisthatofal`Abbasibn`AbdalMuttalib. TherevengeoftheJahiliyahisrevoked.ThefirstrevengethatIwillrevokeisthatof`Amiribn Rabi`ahibnalHarithibn`AbdalMuttalib. ThewholetraditionsoftheJahiliyaharecanceledexceptthecustodyoftheHolyHouseofAllah andthewatering(ofthepilgrims). Retaliationisthejudgeofthepremeditatedmurder.Therulingofquasimurder,suchasthose whomarekilledbyastickorastoneunintentionally,isonehundredcamelstobepaidasblood money.AnyadditionalnumberisapartofJahiliyah. Opeople,Satandespairedofbeingobeyedonthisland,butheacceptedtobeobeyedthrough yourinsignificantevildoings. Opeople,Postponing(ofthesacredmonth)isonlyanadditioninunbelief,wherewiththosewho disbelieveareledastray,violatingitoneyearandkeepingitsacredanother,thattheymayagree inthenumber(ofmonths)thatAllahhasmadesacred.9/37Thetimehasrotatedassameasthe dayonwhichAllahcreatedtheheavensandtheearth.SurelythenumberofmonthswithAllahis twelvemonthsinAllahsordinancesincethedaywhenHecreatedtheheavensandtheearth,of thesefourbeingsacred;9/36threeareconsecutiveandoneisodd.TheyareDhulQa`dah, DhulHijjah,MuharramandRajab,whichfallsbetweenJumadaandSha`ban.HaveIconveyed?O Allah,bethewitness. Opeople,yourwomenenjoyobligationsthatareimposeduponyou,andyouenjoyobligations thatareimposeduponthem.Theobligationsthatareimposeduponthemarethattheyshould nevertakeanybodytoyourbeds,shouldneverletanybodythatyouhateenteryourhouses beforetheytakeyourpermissionandshouldnevercommitanyevildoing.Iftheydoso,Allahhas permittedyoutopreventthem,leavethemaloneinthesleepingplacesandbeatthem,butnot soharmfully.Iftheydesistandobeyyou,youshouldassumetheirlivelihoodandclothing Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

adequately. YouhavetakenthembythetrustofAllahandtheyhavebeenlawfultoyoubytheBookofAllah. Therefore,fearAllahinthequestionsregardingwomenandadviseeachotherfortheirgood. Opeople,thebelieversareeachothersbrothers.49/10Itisillicitforanyonetobehavein (someones)moneybeforeheobtainstheownerspermission.HaveIconveyed?OAllah,bethe witness. Afterme,donotreturntoatheismbykillingeachother.Ihaveleftamongyouwhatwillprotect youagainstdeviationifyouonlyadhereto.ItistheBookofAllahandmyfamilymyhousehold. OAllah,bethewitness. Opeople,yourLordisOneandyourfatherisone.YouallarefromAdamandAdamwascreated fromdust.ThebestofyoutoAllahisthemostAlmightyAllahfearing.49/13Exceptbymeans ofpiety,noArabpersonispreferredtoanonArab.HaveIconveyed?Theattendantmustconvey thistotheabsent. Opeople,Allahhasconstitutedtheshareofeveryheir.Itisillicitforanytestatortowillmorethan onethirdoftheestate.Thebabyisfortheownerofthebed,andtheshareoftheprostituteisthe stone.ThecurseofAllah,theangelsandallofpeoplebeuponthosewhoclaimofbeingthesons ofotherthantheirfathersandthosewhoclaimofbeingthesubjectsofotherthantheir masters.[59]Allahwillnotacceptfromsuchindividualsanyexcuseorcompensation. PeaceandAllahsmercyandblessingsbeuponyou. ThefollowingisquotedfromalKafi1/403: AmanfromQurayshrelatedthefollowing:WithSufyanalThawri,IwenttoJa`faribn Muhammadandfoundhimonhispackanimal.Sufyanaddressedtohim,OAbu`Abdullah! WouldyoupleaserelatetoustheHolyProphet(S)sSermoninalKhayfMasjid?TheImam apologizedsincehehadalreadyridden,andpromisedhewouldanswerSufyansquestionassoon ashewouldbeback.IadjureyoubyyourkinshiptotheMessengerofAllah(a.s.)torelateitto me,insistedSufyan.TheImamrodeoff.SufyanaskedforapenandapapertorecordtheImams wording.TheImamspoke,IntheNameofAllah,theBeneficent,theMerciful.Thisisthesermon oftheHolyProphet(S)addressedinalKhayfMasjid: Allahmaybloomtheservantswhowilllistenandunderstandmywordsandconveythemtothe absent. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

Opeople!Thewitnessshouldcarrythistotheabsent.Abearerofknowledgemayhappentobe illiterateandabearerofknowledgemayhappentocarryittothemoreknowledgeable. HeartsofMuslimsshouldneveractunfaithfullyinthreematters;sincereperformanceofAllahs duties,givingadvicetoMuslimsImamsandcommittingtotheircongruity.Theircongruityis binding. Thebelieversarebrothersofequalblood.Theyareonehandagainsttheirenemies.Theleast amongthemcanbeartheirsituation. Afterhehadrecordedthesestatements,SufyanrecitedthembeforetheImam.Hence,Abu `Abdullahrodetheanimalandwent. Halfway,ItoldSufyanthatAbu`Abdullahhadboundhimwithaneverlastingduty.Whatisthat? askedSufyan.ItisthethreethingsinwhichaMuslimshouldneveractunfaithfully,Isaid, SincereperformanceofAllahsdutiesisaclearmatter.RegardinggivingadvicetoMuslims` Imams,whoarethoseImams?AretheyMuawiyahibnAbiSufyan,YazidibnMuawiyah,Marwan ibnalHakamandtheotherrulerswhileeventhecollectiveprayersledbythemareinvalid? Aboutcommittingtotheircongruity,whoarethosecongruouspeople?Aretheythedeferrers whobelievethatpersonswhodidnotperformasingleobligatoryprayeranddidnotfastona singledayanddidnotperformtheobligatorybathinganddemolishedtheKa`bahandmarried theirmothersarebearingthesamedegreeoffaithbornbyArchangelGabrielandArchangel Michael?OraretheythefatalistswhobelievethatSatansdesirecanbeactivewhileAllahswill cannotbe?OraretheytheHaruriteswhodeny`AliibnAbiTalibanddecidehisatheism?Orare theytheJahmiteswhoclaimthatfaithistoknowAllahonly? Ashebecameperplexed,SufyanaskedmeanexplanationoftheHolyProphet(S)ssaying reportedbyAbu`Abdullah(a.s.).`AliibnAbiTalib,byAllah,istheonlyImambeforewhomwe arecommissionedtogiveadvice.Andthecongruitystandsforhishousehold,Ianswered. Sufyantorethepaperandaskedmetokeepitsecret. `AliibnIbrahim,inTafsir1/171,writesdownthefollowing: TheHolyProphet(S)performedtheFarewellHajj,whichwasthetenthsinceheimmigratedtoal Madinah.InMina,hedeliveredthefollowingspeech: AllpraiseandthanksbetoAllah.Opeople!Listenandunderstandmywords.Icannotguarantee whetherIwillmeetyouthenextyear.Doyouknowwhichdayistheholiest?Itisthisday, Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

answeredpeople.Doyouknowwhichmonthistheholiest?askedhe.Itisthismonth, answeredthey.Doyouknowwhichlandistheholiest?askedhe.Itisthisland,answered they.Yoursouls,estateandhonorsareasholyamongyouasthisdayinthismonthonthisland untilyoumeetyourLordWhowillexamineyourdeeds.Opeople!HaveIconveyed?Yes,you have,shoutedthey.OAllah!Bethewitness,commentedtheHolyProphet(S). Afterawhile,headded,Everyregulation,heresy,revengeanddebtthatwasfoundedinJahiliyah isundermyfeet.Noneispreferabletoanotherexceptbycriteriaofpiety.HaveIconveyed? Yes,youhave,declaredthey.OAllah!Bethewitness,saidtheHolyProphet(S)andthen added,EveryusurythatwasconcludedintheJahiliyahisnowrevoked.ThefirstusuryIamto revokeisal`Abbasibn`AbdalMuttalibs.EveryitemofrevengethatwasintheJahiliyahisnow revoked.ThefirstrevengeIamtorevokeisRabi`ahs. HaveIconveyed?Yes,youhave,shoutedthey.OAllah!Bethewitness,saidtheHolyProphet (S)andthenadded,Satandespairedofbeingobeyedonthisland,buthehasbeenpleasedtobe obeyedthroughyourinsignificantacts.IfSatanisobeyed,heisthenworshipped.Opeople! Muslimsarebrothersofeachother.ItisillicitforaMuslimneithertoshedthebloodofanother Muslimnortohavefromhisestateunlesssatisfactionisobtained. Iamorderedtofightpeopleuntiltheysay:ThereisnogodbutAllah.Astheyspeakthisstatement out,theywillprotecttheirsoulsandestateexceptintherightfulways.TheLordwillbetheir judge.Opeople!HaveIconveyed?Yes,youhave,shoutedthey.OAllah!Bethewitness,said theHolyProphet(S)andadded,Opeople!Keepmywordingandyouwillharvestitsbenefits lateron.Perceivemysayingsandyouwillbeprosperous.Breaknotyourfaithafterme,andbe notunbelieversbybeheadingeachotherforsakeofworldlyaffairs.Ifyoudoso,andyouwilldo it,youwillfindmeinaphalanxbetweenArchangelsGabrielandMichaelstrikingyourfaceswith thesword(Forawhile,theHolyProphet(S)paused,turningtotheright. Then,hecontinued,)or`AliibnAbiTalib,Allahwilling.Iamleavingamongyouthetwothingsthat willenduringlyprotectyouagainstdeviation.TheyaretheBookofAllahandmypeoplemy household.TheKnowerofsubtletiestheAwarehasinformedmethatthesetwothingswill neverseparateuntiltheyjoinmeontheDivinePool.Whoeveraccedestothemwillbesavedand whoeveropposesthemwillperish.HaveIconveyed?Yes,youhave,shoutedthey.OAllah!Be thewitness,saidtheHolyProphet(S)andadded,Somemenamongyouwillbeprecludedfrom joiningmeontheDivinePool.Iwillthensaythattheyaremycompanions.Iwillbeanswered, Youdonotknowwhattheycommittedafteryou.Iwillcomment:Faraway!Faraway! OnthelastdayofTashriq,AllahrevealedtheSurahofalNasr(No.110).TheHolyProphet(S) understoodthathewouldleavethislifeinashorttime.Hedeclaredthatpeopleshouldgatherin alKhayfMasjidfortheprayer.Whenpeoplecamethere,headdressed,Allpraiseandthanksbe Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

toAllah.Allahmaybloomaservantwhowilllistentoandunderstandmywordsandconveythem totheabsent.Ithappensthatabearerofknowledgebeilliterateandabearerofknowledgemay carryittoamoreknowledgeableone.Muslimsheartsshouldneveractunfaithfullyinthree matters;sincereperformanceofAllahsduties,givingadvicetoMuslimsImamsandcommitting totheircongruity.Theircongruityisbinding.Thebelieversarebrothersofequalblood. Theleastamongthemcanbeartheirsituation.Theyareonehandagainsttheirenemies.O people!Iamleavingamongyouthetwoweightythings.Whatarethetwoweightythings, Allahsmessenger?wonderedpeople.TheHolyProphet(S)explained,TheyaretheBookof Allahandmypeoplemyhousehold.TheKnowerofsubtletiestheAllawarehasinformedme thatthesetwowillneverseparateuntiltheyjoinmeontheDivinePool.Theirjoiningwillbelike thejoiningoftheforefingersofmytwohands,notthejoiningoftheforefingerandthenextone sincealittlespacemaybeleft. SomeoftheSahabahspoketoeachotherthatMuhammadintendedtodedicatetheleadershipto hishousehold.FourofthemtraveledtoMakkahandenteredtheKa`bahwheretheyconcludedan agreementonpreventingtheAhlalBaytfromholdinganypositionofleadershipassoonas Muhammadwouldbedeadorassassinated.Hence,AllahrevealedtoHisProphet(S),Orhave theysettledanaffair?Then,surely,Wearethesettlers.OrdotheythinkthatWedonothear whattheyconcealandtheirsecretdiscourses?Aye!Andourmessengerswiththemwritedown. 43/7980 AlBukhariinalSahih5/126recordsthefollowing: AbuBakrahnarratedthattheHolyProphetsaid,Timehasrotatedassameasthefirstdayon whichtheLordcreatedtheheavensandtheearth.Ayearisoftwelvemonthsfourofwhichare holythreearesuccessive;DhulQa`dah,DhulHijjahandMuharram,andthefourthisRajab, whichfallsbetweenJumadaandSha`ban.Whichmonthisthis?AllahandHisMessengerarethe mostknowledgeable,weanswered.TheHolyProphet(S)pausedforaconsiderablewhilethat wethoughthewouldcallanothernametothatmonth. IsitnotDhulHijjah?askedhe.Yes,itis,wereplied.Whichlandisthis?askedhe.Allahand HisMessengerarethemostknowledgeable,weanswered.TheProphet(S)pausedfora considerablewhilethatwethoughthewouldcallanothernametoit.IsitnotalBaldah?asked theHolyProphet(S).Yes,itis,wereplied.Whatkindofdayistoday?askedtheHolyProphet (S).AllahandHisMessengerarethemostknowledgeable,weanswered. TheProphetstoppedtalkingforaconsiderablewhilethatwethoughthewouldcallanothername toit.IsitnottheNahrimmolationDay?askedtheHolyProphet(S).Yes,itis,weanswered. TheProphetspoke,Yoursoulsandestate(MuhammadaddedthattheHolyProphet(S)might Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

said,andyourhonor)areasholyamongyouasthisdayinthismonthonthisland.Youwill meetyourLordandHewillexamineyourdeeds.Afterme,returnnottodeviationbybeheading eachother.Thewitnessshouldinformtheabsent.Itmayhappenthatanindirectreceiverismore committedthanthedirect. Itisnoticeablethatthenarratorusesdeviationinsteadofunbelief,whichwasmentionedinthe otherwaysofnarration. ThefollowingisquotedfromalBukhari,alSahih1/24: TheHolyProphetsatonthebackofhiscamelwhileamanwascatchingtoitsbridle.Whatkind ofdayistoday?askedhe.Westoppedtalkingforaconsiderablewhilethatwethoughtthathe wouldcallanothernametothatday.IsitnottheNahrDay?askedhe.Yes,itis,wereplied. Whichmontharewein?askedhe.Westoppedtalkingforaconsiderablewhilethatwethought hewouldcallanothernametothatmonth.IsitnotDhulHijjah?askedhe.Yes,itis,we replied.TheHolyProphet(S)added,Yoursouls,estateandhonorareasholyamongyouasthis dayinthismonthonthisland.Thewitnessshouldinformtheabsent.Awitnessmayconveytoa morecommittedone. ThefollowingisquotedfromMuslim,alSahih4/41: TheHolyProphet(S)descendedthemountainandaddressed,Yoursoulsandestateareasholy amongyouasthisdayinthismonthonthisland.EveryaffairoftheJahiliyahisbeingundermy feet.RevengeoftheJahiliyahisrevoked.ThefirstrevengethatIwillrevokeisRabi`ahibnal Harithsrevengethatisours.HewassucklinginthequarterofBanuSa`dandthetribeofHudhayl killedhim.UsuryofJahiliyahisrevoked.ThefirstusuryIwanttorevokeisours,whichisal`Abbas ibn`AbdalMuttalibs.WatchyourLordduringtreatingyourwomen.Youhavetakenthembythe trustofAllah.AndyouhaveconsummatedtheirprivatesbythewordofAllah. Yourrightsimposeduponthemarethattheyshouldnotpermitanyoneyoudisliketositonyour furniture(i.e.enteryourhouses).Iftheydoso,youarepermittedtobeatthemnotheavily.Their rightsimposeduponyouarethatyousavetheiralimonyandclothinginanacceptableway.Iam leavingamongyouwhatwillprotectyouagainstdeviationaslongasyoucommityourselvesto.It istheBookofAllah.Youwillbeaskedaboutme.Whatwillyouanswer?Weconfessthatyou haveconveyed,accomplishedandadvised,shoutedpeople.Asheraisedhisforefingertothe heavensandshookittowardspeople,theHolyProphetsaidthreetimes,OAllah!Bethe witness. IbnMajahrecordsthesamepreviousnarrationwithanaddition.Thefollowingisrecordedbyal HakiminalMustadrak1/77: Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 TheHolyProphet(S)deliveredaspeechsaying,OPeople!IwillprecedeyoutotheDivinePool.It isapoolofadistanceassameasthatbetweenKufahandtheBlackStoneoftheKa`bah.His vesselsareasmanyasstars.Assomepeoplefrommynationwillapproach,amanwillcomeout andoccludethemfrombeingclosetome.Anothergroupwillbeoccluded,too.Nonewillescape butafewgroupthatarelikescatteredanimalsinacattle.WillIbeoneofthem,AllahsProphet (S)?askedAbuBakr.No,youwillnot,answeredtheHolyProphet(S),Theywillbepeople fromthecominggenerationswhowillmovebackward. [AlHakimcomments:]AccordingtothecriteriaofthetwoShaykhsMuslimandalBukhari,thisis anauthenticnarration.Yet,theydidnotrecordit.AlHajjajibnMuhammadhasreporteditfrom alLayth. IbnMajah,inalSunan2/1016,recordsthefollowing: `AbdullahibnMas`udnarratedthatwhiletheHolyProphet(S)wasonthebackofhisshecamel in`Arafat,hesaid,Doyourealizewhichday,monthandlandarethese?Theseareholyday, monthandland,answeredthey.Yourestateandsoulsareasholyamongyouasthismonth, landandday,saidtheHolyProphet(S)andthenwenton,IwillprecedeyoutotheDivinePool andIwilltakeprideinyoubeforetheothernations.Blackennotmyface.Iwillsavesomepeople andsomewillbetakenawayfromme.Iwillsay,OLord!Thosearemycompanions.ButIwillbe answered:Youdonotknowwhattheydidafteryou.AccordingtoMajma`alZawa`id,thisisan authenticreport. IbnMajah,too,recordsthefollowinginalSunan2/1300: Title:AfterMe,ReturnNotToAtheismByBeheadingEachOther: Jariribn`AbdullahnarratedthatduringtheFarewellHajj,theHolyProphet(S)askedpeopleto keepsilent.Hethensaid,Afterme,returnnottoatheismbybeheadingeachother. Ibn`UmarnarratedthattheHolyProphetstated,Woeisyou!Afterme,returnnottoatheismby beheadingeachother. AlSannajalAhmasinarratedthattheHolyProphetstated,IwillprecedeyoutotheDivinePool.I willtakeprideinyouamongtheothernations.Afterme,donotfighteachother. AccordingtoMajma`alZawa`id,thisisanauthenticreportwithtrustfulnarrators. ThefollowingisrecordedbyalTirmidhiinalSunan2/62: Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 AbuUmamahnarratedthatduringtheFarewellHajj,IheardtheHolyProphetsaying,Bewareof yourdutytoAllahandperformthefiveobligatoryprayersandfastinthatmonthofRamadan anddefraytheZakatandcomplywithyourleadersandyouwillbetakentotheParadiseofyour Lord.AbuUmamahdeclaredthathehadheardthissayingfromtheHolyProphet(S)whenhe wasthirtyyearsold. Abu`Isadecidesthisnarrationasqualifiedwitharatherdoubtfulnarrator.Others,however,have decideditasauthentic. InalMusnadbyAhmadibnHanbal5/412,thefollowingisrecorded: AmanfromtheSahabahnarratedthattheHolyProphet(S)wasonthebackofhisredshe camelwhenheasked,Doyourealizewhatkindofdayistoday?ItistheNahrDay,answered we.Youaretrue,repliedtheHolyProphet(S),ItistheGrandHajjDay.Whichmonthisit?Itis DhulHijjah,answeredwe.Youaretrue,commentedtheHolyProphet(S),Itisthepalatial monthofAllah.Doyouknowwhichlandisthis?ItistheHolyPrecinct,answeredwe. Youaretrue,statedtheHolyProphet(S),Yoursoulsandestateareasholyamongyouasthis dayinthismonthonthisland.(Or:assameasthesanctificationofthisday,monthandland.)Iwill precedeyoutotheDivinePool.Iwilllookatyoutakingprideamongtheothernations.Blacken notmyface.Youhaveseenandlistenedtome.Youwillbeaskedaboutme.Hewhodeliberately forgesliesagainstmewillhavesoughthimselfaplaceinHellfire.Iwillsavesomepeopleand otherswillbetakenawayfromme.Iwillsay:OLord!Theyaremycompanions.ButIwillbe answered:Youdonotknowwhattheydidafteryou. ThefollowingisquotedfromMajma`alZawa`id3/265: Title:SermonsoftheHajj: AbuHarrahalRaqqashinarratedthefollowingontheauthorityofhisuncle:Inthemiddleofthe Tashriqdays,IwascatchingtheriddleoftheHolyProphet(S)sshecamel.Hethensaid,O people!Doyourealizewhichday,monthandlandarethese?Theyareholyday,holymonthand holyland,answeredpeople.Yoursouls,estateandhonorsareasholyamongyouasthisdayin thismonthonthislanduntilthedayonwhichyouwillmeetyourLord.Listentomeandyouwill live.Wrongnoteachother.Wrongnoteachother.Wrongnoteachother.Itisillicitforanyoneof youtohavefromaMuslimspropertyunlesssatisfactionisobtained.Everybloodandestateof JahiliyahshouldbeundermyfeetuntiltheResurrectionDay.ThefirstrevengeIwanttorevokeis Rabi`ahibnAlHarithibn`AbdalMuttalibwhobelongedtous.HewasababyatthetribeofLayth whenthetribeofHudhaylkilledhim.EveryusurythatwasinJahiliyahisrevoked. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 TheExaltedLordhasorderedthatthefirstusurytoberevokedisthatofal`Abbasibn`Abdal Muttalibwhobelongstous.Youpossessyourcapitalneitherwrongingnorwronged.Timehas rotatedassameasthefirstdayonwhichtheLordcreatedtheheavensandtheearth.Surely,the numberofmonthswithAllahistwelvemonthsinAllahsordinancesincethedaywhenHecreated theheavensandtheearth,ofthesefourbeingsacred.Thatistherightreckoning;therefore, wrongnoteachotherduringthem.Afterme,returnnottoatheismbybeheadingeachother. Satanhasdespairedofbeingobeyedbytheperformersofprayers;butheisworkingoncreating antagonismamongyou. FearAllahasyoutreatyourwomen.Theyarerestrainedatyou.Theyhaverightsimposedupon youandyouhaverightsimposeduponthem.Therightsimposeduponthemarethattheyshould notpermitanyonetotakeyourplacesinyourbedsandtheyarenotallowedtopermitanyone youdisliketoenteryourhouses.Ifyouexpectdesertionofawoman,youshouldadmonish, desertinthebedandthenbeatineffectively.Theirrightsarethatyoushouldsavetheiralimony andclothing.YouhavetakenthembythetrustofAllahandyouhaveconsummatedtheirprivates bythewordofAllah.Hewhohadatrustshoulddeliverittothedepositor. TheHolyProphet(S)thenopenedhishandandsaid,HaveIconveyed?HaveIconveyed?The witnessshouldinformtheabsent.Anindirectreceivermaybemorereceptivethanadirect hearer. Relatingthisnarration,AbuDawudmentionsthestatementsofbeatingwomenonlywhileAhmad (ibnHanbal)andAbuHarrahalRaqqashirecorditcompletely.AbuDawud,however,decidesits authenticityandIbnMu`inconsidersitasdoubtful.Oneofthenarratorsis`AliibnZaydabout whomexpertshavenotedmanypointsofweakness. AbuNadrahnarratedthefollowingontheauthorityofamanwhoheardtheHolyProphet(S)s sermonaddressedinthemiddleoftheTashriqdays: TheHolyProphetstated,Opeople!YourLordisOneandyourfatherisone,too.AnArab individualshouldnotbepreferredtoanonArabandablackshouldnotbepreferredtoawhite exceptbycriteriaofpiety.HaveIconveyed?Yes!TheMessengerofAllahhasconveyed,people shouted.Whatkindofdayistoday?askedtheHolyProphet(S).Itisaholyday,people answered.Whichlandisthis?askedtheHolyProphet(S).Itisaholyland,peopleshouted. AllahtheExaltedhasmadeyoursoulsandestatetheHolyProphet(S)mighthaveaddedand honorstohisstatementasholyasthisdayinthismonthonthisland.HaveIconveyed?said theHolyProphet(S).Yes!ThemessengerofAllahhasconveyed,peopleadmitted.Thewitness shouldinformtheabsent,orderedtheHolyProphet(S). Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

Toaseriesofauthenticnarrators,AhmadrelatesthepreviousreportinalMusnad5/72. Ibn`UmarnarratedthatwhenthisSurahwasrevealedtotheHolyProphet(S)inMinainthe middleoftheTashriqdays,herecognizedtheimminenceofhisdeath.Herodehisanimal,al Qaswa`,andstoodamongpeopleinal`Aqabah.AgreatnumberofMuslimsencompassedhim.He thensaid,AllpraiseandthanksbetoAllah.Opeople!AnyrevengethatwasinJahiliyahis annulled.ThefirstrevengetobeannulledisthebloodofRabi`ahibnalHarithwhobelongedto us.ThetribeofHudhaylkilledhimwhenhewasababyatthetribeofLayth.Likewise,anyusury thatwasconcludedintheJahiliyahisrevoked. Thefirstusurytoberevokedisthatofal`Abbasibn`AbdalMuttalibwhobelongstous.O people!TimehasrotatedassameasitwaswhentheLordcreatedtheheavensandtheearth.The numberofmonthswithAllahistwelve,fourofwhichareholy.TheyareRajab,whichfalls betweenJumadaandSha`ban,thencomeDhulQa`dah,DhulHijjahandMuharram.Thatisthe rightreckoning;therefore,wrongnoteachotherduringthem.Postponingofthesacredmonths isonlyanadditioninunbelief,wherewiththosewhodisbelieveareledastray,violatingitoneyear andkeepingitsacredanother,thattheymayagreethenumberofmonthsthatAllahhasmade sacred.TheywereviolatingSafarayearandkeepingMuharramsacredtheother.Thatisthe postponingofthesacredmonths. Opeople!Hewhohadatrustshoulddeliverittothedepositor.Opeople!Satandespairedof beingobeyedonthislandinthelastoftimebuthehasbeenpleasedtobeobeyedinyour insignificantdeeds.Takecareofyourreligionagainstyourinsignificantdeeds.Opeople!Women areinyourhands.YouhavetakenthembythetrustofAllahandconsummatedtheirprivatesby thewordofAllah.Youhaverightsimposeduponthemandtheyhaverightsimposeduponyou. Withinyourrightsisthattheyshouldnotletanyonetakeyourplacesinyourbedsandthey shouldnotdisobeyyouinacceptablematters.Iftheydoso,thenyouhavenoauthorityonthem. Theyshouldenjoytheiralimonyandclothinginanacceptableway.Ifyoubeatthem,youshould notinjure. Itisillicitforanyofyoutohavefromhisbrotherspropertyunlesssatisfactionisobtained.O people!Amongyou,Iamleavingwhatwillprotectyouagainstdeviationifyouadhereto.Itisthe BookofAllah.Youshouldfollowit.Opeople!Whatkindofdayistoday?Itisasacredday, answeredthey.Whichlandisthis?askedtheHolyProphet(S).Itisasacredland,answered they.Whichmonthisthis?askedtheHolyProphet(S).Itisasacredmonth,answeredthey. AlmightyAllahhasmadeyoursouls,estateandhonorsassacredasthisdayinthismonthonthis land.Thewitnessshouldinformtheabsent.TherewillbenoProphet(S)aftermeandtherewill benonationafteryou. TheProphet(S)thenraisedhishandstotheheavensandsaid,OAllah!Bethewitness. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 InthemajorreferencebooksofHadith,apartofthisreportisrecorded.AlBazzaralsorecords thisnarration.However,Musaibn`Ubaydah,thedoubtful,iswithintheseriesofthenarrators. ThefollowingisrecordedinMajma`alZawa`id3/272: Al`Adda`ibnKhalidibn`Amribn`AmirnarratedthatintheFarewellHajj,hewassittingunder theminbarfromwhichtheHolyProphetsaid,AllpraiseandthanksbetoAllah.Allahsays,Oyou men!Wehavecreatedyouofamaleandafemale,andmadeyoutribesandfamiliesthatyou mayknoweachother;surely,themosthonorableofyouwithAllahistheoneamongyoumost carefulofhisduty.AnArabshouldnotbepreferredtoanonArab,anonArabshouldnotbe preferredtoanArab,ablackshouldnotbepreferredtoawhiteandawhiteshouldnotbe preferredtoablackexceptoncriteriaofpiety.OpeopleofQuraysh!Donotshouldertheworldly affairswhilepeopleshouldertheHereafter.IwillnotavailyouintheleastbeforeAllah. InalMu`jamalKabir,aTabaranirelatesthisnarrationtodoubtfulnarrators.Previously,wehave referredtoanauthenticdocumentationofthisreport. AbuQabilahnarratedthatintheFarewellHajj,theHolyProphet(S)deliveredasermonsaying, TherewillbenoProphet(S)aftermeandtherewillbenonationafteryou.RevereyourLord, performthefiveobligatoryprayers,fastinthemonthofRamadanandcomplywiththe leadersandyouwillentertheParadiseofyourLord. ThefollowingisquotedfromalDarimisalSunan2/47: TheHolyProphetstated,Yourbloodandestateareasholyasthisdayinthismonthonthis land.EverymatterthatwasregulatedinJahiliyahisundermyfeet.TherevengeofJahiliyahis revoked.ThefirstrevengeIwillrevokeistheRabi`ahibnAlHariths.ThetribeofHudhaylkilled himwhenhewasababyatthequarterofBanuSa`d.UsuryofJahiliyahisrevoked.Thefirstusury Iwillrevokeisal`Abbasibn`AbdalMuttalibs.WatchtheLordduringtreatingyourwomen. YouhavetakenthembythetrustofAllahandconsummatedtheirprivatesbyHisword.Your rightsimposeduponthemarethattheyshouldnotletanyonetakeyourplacesinyourbeds.If theydo,youshouldbeatthem,yetineffectively.Theirrightsimposeduponyouarethatyou shouldsavetheiralimonyandclothinginanacceptableway.Youwillbeaskedaboutme,what willyouanswer?Weacknowledgeyouhaveconveyed,accomplishedandadvised,shouted people.TheProphet(S)raisedhisforefingertotheheavensandshookitatpeoplesayingthrice, OAllah!Bethewitness.etc. InalSunan2/67,thefollowingisrecorded: Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 `AbdalRahmanibnAbiBakrahnarratedontheauthorityofhisfatherthatonthatday,theHoly Prophetsatonacamel,orshecamelperhaps,whosebridlewasheldbyamanandasked,What kindofdayistoday?Wekeptsilentforaconsiderabletimethatwethoughthewouldcall anothernametoit.IsitnottheNahrDay?assertedtheHolyProphet(S).Yes,itis,answered we.Whichmonthisthis?askedheetc.

FirstBasis TheHolyProphet(S)sindicationstothisbasisaretoocleartorequireexplanations.Moreover, manytextsregardingthetopichavebeenalreadydemonstrated. SecondBasis ApreliminarysightatthetextsrelatingtheHolyProphet(S)slastsermonsgivestheimpression thatthefirstfiveprinciplesofthisbasis,namelytheunityoftheUmmah,havebeenthemost important,ifnottheonly,topicofthesermons.MuslimsrepeatedparagraphsoftheHolyProphet (S)ssermonsdealingwiththistopicsooveragain.Thisisbythereasonthatthesocietyinwhich theHolyProphet(S)livedwasofanextremeracialdiscrimination.Itwasprevailedbylawsof predominanceandpower.Thedominant,whetheraruler,atribe,aknightorevenavagrant,is always therightsincehecouldovercomeevenifheusedmeansofinvasion,assassination, robbery,usurpationortrickery. TheIslamiclegislationrepealedalltheselawsanddeclaredequityofpeoplebeforethelaw.All sortsofabusingtheprivaterightswereprohibitedandaconcentrationonrespectingsouls,estate anddignityofpeoplewaslegislated.Thisiswhytheymemorizedthesewordsinaway distinguishedfromtheothertopicsandwords.Theywerehighlyadmiredbytheseethicsand principles.ForfaithfulMuslims,theseprinciplesformedtheradicalsolutionoftheissueof invasionandmurdersufferedinthepreIslamicera. Theseinstructions,formedinahighlyeloquentdivineandPropheticstyle,hadagreatinfluence ontheregulationsofrespectingpersonalcharacter,estateandopinionaftertheHolyProphet (S)sdecease.Withouttheseinstructions,Muslimsocietywouldhavebeenengagedinasituation extremelyworsethanwhathadactuallyoccurred.Inthesamemanner,theJahiliyahregulations, regardingassociationwithhumanity,wouldhavefloatedtothesurfaceanew. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 ItisnoticeablethattheHolyProphet(S)simmaculatehouseholdhaveprecededpeopleinthe fieldofregardingthehumankindandtheirlegalfreedom.Imam`Ali(a.s.)wastheonlyruler,after theHolyProphet(S),whodidnotusemartiallawsoranyexceptionallaw,evenwithhisrivalsand thosewhomutiniedagainsthim.Moreover,althoughhewasengagedinthreewarsthatcovered theentireperiodofhisruling,hedidnotresorttoviolenceoranyexceptionalpolicy. Ontheotherhand,AbuBakrand`Umarrevertedtomeansofpowerandsurmountingagainst AnsarinSaqifahofBanuSa`idah.TheywereabouttokillSa`dibn`Abadah.Lateron,theyattacked thegroupwhorefrainedfrompayinghomagetothem.ThegroupweregatheringintheHoly Prophet(S)shouseforprovidingtheirconsolationtohisfamilyand,meanwhile,theHolyProphet (S)sbodyhadnotbeenputinthegraveyetwhenthebandthreatenedthemsettingthehouseon fireiftheywouldinsistonconfiningthemselvesthereandevadeswearingloyaltytothenew leader.Whenthegroupwerelateingoingoutandleavingthehouse,thatbandencompassedthe housewithfirewoodandsetthedooronfireetc. Thesixthprincipleofthisbasis;theprincipleofmaintainingpropertiesandsoulsofthosewho speakoutthecreedofIslam(shahadah;ThereisnogodbutAllah),wasrelatedinthisform: IhavebeenorderedtofightpeopleuntiltheysayThereisnogodbutAllah.Iftheyspeakitout, theywillprotecttheirsoulsandestateagainstmeexceptinlawfulstates.Allahthenwillbethe Judge.[60] Asamatteroffact,thisprincipleisofthreedimensions: First,anyonewhospeaksoutthecreedsofIslam,apartfromreligionornationality,isconsidered asMuslimwhosesoul,estateandhonormustbekeptinsacredness.Underdefinitecircumstances definedbytheIslamiclaw,suchasfallingunderthetitleofthedespoticparty,doinganevilin theland,committingamurder,apostatizingfromIslam,perpetratingadulteryorthelikeoffenses, thesoulwillbelawfullyviolated. Second,JewsandChristiansareexemptedfromthisrule.Theyenjoyspecialregulationsincaseof peaceorwar. Third,theHolyProphet(S)informedhispeoplethathehadrestrictedhimselftothedivineorders ofjihadstrugglingfortheLordssake.Hismissionfromthisjihadwastocompletetherevelation oftheHolyQuranandtoactivatethedeclarationofthetwocreedsofIslam.Inotherwords,his callingwastoformthegeneralappearanceofthisnation.Hewasnotgiventheordersoffighting thedeviateorthosewhomisleadMuslims,sincethissortoffightingisreckonedwiththejihadfor theinterpretationoftheHolyQuran.ThissortofjihadcameaftertheHolyProphet(S)s Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

departure. TheseventhprincipleissealingProphethoodwiththeHolyProphet(S)andsealingthenations withhisnation.ItistheprincipleoftheprevalenceofMuhammadsdoctrineoverthedoctrinesof thepreviousProphets.ItalsorefutesthemisclaimsofProphethoodapartofwhichemerged duringhisreignwhileotherscameforththereafter. Furthermore,thisprinciplegrantstheUmmahthehonorofsealingtheProphetsnations.It confinesitwiththeresponsibilityofguidingtheothernations.TheHolyProphet(S)outlinedthe generalstringsofworshippingtheLord,performingtheprayers,fastingandcomplyingwiththe leaders.Itisnotunlikelythatthereporterrelatedonlytheparagraphshecouldmemorizeand thathemissedtheHolyProphet(S)sreferencetoothers,suchastheZakatandtheritualHajj. ThemostdistinguishablepointinthisprincipleisthattheHolyProphet(S)referstothe compliancewiththerulers.WhenAlmightyAllahcommandsustocomplywithaperson unconditionally,thiswilldefinitelymeanthatthepersonbesinless;inotherwords,heneither wrongsanynorsaysbutthetruth.Sincethisinstructionisemptyofanyconditionsor qualifications,itismostsurelythathereferstotheTwelveImamswhomaredivinelynominated andpredicted. TheeighthprincipletheHolyProphet(S)beingthewitnessonhispeopleintheHereafterand theywilljoinhimontheDivinePoolismentionedinvariousnarrations.Somereportershave mentioneditintheformof,IwillprecedeyoutotheDivinePoolandIwilltakeprideinyou beforetheothernations.Blackennotmyface.Inothernarrations,thefollowingformis recorded:Iwilltakeprideinyouamongtheothernations.Afterme,donotfighteachother. ThisisauniquestylepersistingthatpeoplewilljointheirProphet(S)beforetheirLordandeach willbeinneedforadrinkfromtheKawtharPool.Thatdrinkwillsaveagainstanyfurtherthirst andmakethebodyfitenoughtoenterParadise. Thisinstructionissimilartoafatherssayingtohissons,Fulfillmywill.Iamleavingyou.Youwill joinmewhenIwillbehavingagreatfortune.Youwillbelivinginpoverty.Iwillsurelyrealizethe personsamongyouwhowillkeepmywilland,similarly,Iwillrealizethedissidents. Theninthprinciplethenecessityofaccuracyinactingandtheadmonishingagainstcommitting theinsignificantactionsthatleadtodeviationattractsattentionstoaremarkableruleinthe individualandsocialbehaviors.Itistherulethatdeviationbeginswithaninsignificantdeedora groupofsimpledeedsseenasmeaninglessandunimportant.Thesedeedswillleadtoothers, untiltheyleadtotheabyssoftheworldlyorthesupernaldevastation.Thisfactispracticablein bothindividualandcollectivesituations.AMuslimmaypermithimselftogazeataforeignlady Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

thathelikesandgiveshimselfthelicensetoexchangeconversationwithherandtoparticipate herinsomeactsand,finally,thiswillleadhimtoperpetratetheobscenity. Amanmaypermithimselftobefriendabadman.Heneglectsthesoundsofhisreligious consciousnessandtheadviceofhisassociatesuntilhewillbeledtosinkintheoceanofwronging people,deviationandcorruption. Anationmayoverlookassailsoftheirenemiesinstatesofpolitical,economicorculturalpower. Thisconcernwillleadtheenemiestopredominateandprevailonthisnation. Asocietymayoverlookanaspectofcorruptionthatfirstoccursinacertainpointoramonga certaingroup. Asocietymayoverlookalawdictatoriallyissuedbytherulerorhismen.Thiswillleadtoa comprehensiveinjusticethatdrivesthesocietytowardsputrescence. Theinsignificantsinsarethoseunimportantsituationsandbehaviorsformingtheinvisibleseeds ofthegianttreesofevilonindividualandsociallevels.Consequently,referencebooksofboth sectsofMuslimshavereferredtotheHolyProphet(S)smanyexamplesonthispoint: InalKafi2/288,wereadthefollowing: ImamJa`faralSadiq(a.s.)said:TheHolyProphet(S)residedinawastelandandaskedhis companionstofetchfirewood.Theyapologizedthatthelandhadbeenbarren.Trytofindas muchaspossible,orderedtheHolyProphet(S).Theyfetchedagoodquantityandprovidedthe sumbeforehim.Ashesawtheview,theHolyProphet(S)commented,Thisisthewayhowsins gather.Bewareoftheinsignificantsins.Everythinghasanobserver.Theobserverofthesesins recordswhatevertheyactedandtheirdeeds,andeverythingisregisteredinaclear recording.[61] Theprevioussayingdealswiththequantitativeaccumulationoftheinsignificantilldeedsandsins. Theyshowhowthesedeedschangeintoagreatdangeragainstthelivesofindividualsand societies. Thefollowingsayingsdealwiththequalitativeaccumulationoftheinsignificantsinsinthecore andpersonalityoftheindividualsandsocieties: AlKulayni,inalKafi2/287,recordsthefollowing: ImamJa`faralSadiq(a.s.)stated,Bewareoftheinsignificantsins.Theyareunforgivable.What Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

aretheinsignificantsins?askedthenarrator.TheImamexplained,Amancommitsasinand wishesifhehadnotcommittedothers.[62] OneoftheremarkablebasesinferredformthisinstructionisthatSatan,whendespairsof controllinganationthroughmisguidingtheminthegrandissues,takestheroadofruiningand deviatingthroughtheinsignificantdeeds.ThisisthemeaningoftheHolyProphet(S)ssaying, Satandespairedofbeingobeyedonthisland,buthewillbeobeyedinsomesinsthatyoudeem insignificant.Hewillbepleasedbythem.[63] SatandespairedofdemolishingthefortifiedcastleandthehandsomestructureofIslamerected bytheHolyProphet(S);therefore,hewenttowardsprevailingontheindividualstodragasingle brickofthatbuildingincessantly.Thisprocessresultedindraggingalltheconstituentsofthat greatstructure. Anotheroutstandingmatter,deducedfrom`AliibnIbrahimsnarration,isthattheobedienceto Satanintheinsignificantsinsisadorationtohim.Thismeansthatthosewhocreatedevianceina societyareservingSatan,nottheLord.Asaresult,theyraisetheslogantochangingfromserving theLordintoservingSatan.ThisistheHolyProphet(S)ssaying,Butheispleasedtobeobeyed throughyourinsignificantdeeds.IfSatanisobeyed,heisthenserved. TheHolyProphet(S)sdeclarationthatSatanispleasedtobeobeyedthroughtheinsignificantsins isaninformationtellingSatanssatisfactionforthesuccessprogressedinhisprojectofdeviating people.ThisfactisinconformitywiththeexegesisofAlmightyAllahssaying, AndcertainlySatanfoundtruehisconjectureconcerningthem,sotheyfollowhim,excepta partyofthebelievers.34:20 TheAhlalBaytregardedpeoplesstruggleonpoweraftertheHolyProphet(S)sdepartureasthe mostmenacinginsignificantsin.InBiharalAnwar28/217,wereadthefollowing: ImamalBaqir(a.s.),throughexplainingAlmightyAllahssaying,Corruptionhasappearedinthe landandtheseaonaccountofwhatthehandsofmenhavewrought,30/41said:ByAllahI swear,thatcorruptionstartedwhenAnsarsuggestedtoelectaleaderfromthemandthepeople ofQurayshelectanotherfromthem. ThetenthprinciplewarningagainstforgingliesagainsttheHolyProphet(S)andtheinsistence oninvestigatingwhateverisattributedtohimhasbeenmentionedthroughthenarrationof AhmadibnHanbal.InSunniandShiitereferencebooksofHadith,thisquestionismentioned importunatelymeaningthattheproblemofforgingliesagainsttheHolyProphet(S)existed duringhislifetime.Hethereforeinsistedthatthisproblemwouldcertainlyfindalargerscope Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

afterhisdepartureandthenumberofthefabricatorswouldincreaseafterhim. Adeeplookinthisproblemleadstoanabhorrentfeelingtowardssuchfabricatorssincetheir satanicactiondefamesanddeformsIslamandprecludesthenextgenerationsfromreceivingits genuineness.AmoreseriousmatteristhefactthattheHolyProphet(S)wasnotgiventheorders ofunmaskingandpunishingsuchfabricatorsfortheirpastorcomingforgery.Asanacceptable treatmentofthisproblem,theprocedureofwarningthemagainstforgingliesandwarningpeople againstreceivingsuchfalsificationwastaken. Itisevidentthatsuchaprocedureaffectsonlyinaquantitativereductionoftheproblem.Hence, theHolyProphet(S)srecognitionoftheproblemsexistenceandpredictionofitscontinuityand increaseafterhimareproofsonthefactthatheconstitutedasufficienttreatmentforthe problem,bymeansofdivineinstructions. Thistreatmentwastheobligationofpresentingeverytextascribedtohimbeforethetwoweighty thingsthatheleftinhisnationtheBookofAllahandhishousehold.Anytextthatcontradicts theBookofAllahmustbedecidedasworthlesssincetheHolyProphet(S)doesneverbeliethe HolyQuran.Correspondingly,everytextthatcontradictswhateverisassertedbyhisprogenywho arebeingincessantlywiththeHolyQuranisworthless,too.TheAhlalBaytareperpetuallywith theHolyQuransincetheyaretheheirsoftheHolyProphet(S)andtheexplicatorsofhis knowledge. ThirdBasis ThroughvariousparagraphsoftheHolyProphet(S)ssermonsoftheFarewellHajj,theprinciples ofthisbasearementioned.Previously,wehavereferredtothefulfillmentoftrustsandthelaws ofheritage,bloodmoneyandtheHajj.Atanyrate,therewereotherlawsmentionedinthe sermons. Inspiteoftheoppositefactors,themainelementinthematerializationoftheculturalunityofthe Ummah,disregardingracialandnationaldifference,wastheunityoftheircreedandlegislation.It isanundeniablefactthatIslamcouldachieveaunityofconceptionsandbehavioramongpeople inaformunattainableforallstatesandcivilizations. FourthBasis TheprincipleofthepredictionofTwelveImamsfromtheAhlalBayt. TheprincipleoftheimportunateadherencetotheQuranandtheAhlalBayt;thetwoweighty things. Theprincipleofnominating`AliasthenextleaderofthisnationandthefirstoftheTwelve Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

Imams. Theprincipleofkeepingonperformingtheobligatoryritesandthecompliancewiththeleaders. TheprincipleofimmortalizingthetreatyofQurayshandKinanahonblockadingtheHashimites. TheprincipleofwarningpeopleofQurayshagainstplayingthetyrantaftertheHolyProphet(S)s departure. TheprincipleofwarningtheSahabahagainstbreakingfaithandstrugglingonpower. Formerly,wehavereferredtothisdiscussionthroughtherenditionoftheHadithsregardingthe TwelveImams.DuringtheFarewellHajjsermons,theHolyProphet(S)referredtothispoint assuredly. ItisinadmissibleforthesanetoacceptthattheHolyProphet(S)hadconcealedtheidentityof thosedivinelynominatedImams,orthatheprovidedthismatterforpredictingtheircoming. TheseclaimshavebeenoriginatedbypeopleofQurayshandtheirhirelingnarrators. ShiitereferencebooksofHadithhaveattestedthatthesecondprincipleoftheHolyProphet(S)s persistingontheadherencetothetwoweightythingstheQuranandhisprogenyrelatesthat hereferredtothismatterthroughtheSermonofGhadir,thealKhayfMasjidSermonand, presumably,theothers.`AliibnIbrahimsnarrationassuresthisfact.Comprehensively,Sunni referencebooksofHadithhaverecordedtheHolyProphet(S)sassertionontheadherencetothe twoweightythingsduringtheSermonofGhadironly.Theyhavedecidedtheauthenticityofthe reportsrelatingthistopic.AlTabaricompiledatwovolumebookinthisregard;hereferstothe variousseriesofnarratorsandwaysofdocumentationofthesermoninvolved. RegardingtheothersermonsoftheFarewellHajj,alTirmidhi,inalSunan5/328,records: Jabiribn`AbdullahhasnarratedthathesawtheHolyProphet(S)onhisshecamel;alQaswa`,on theDayof`Arafat,addressing,Opeople!Iamleavingamongyouwhatwillconstantlyprotect youagainstdeviationifonlyyouadhereto;theBookofAllahandmypeople;myhousehold.[64] ItisalsonoticeablethatanumberofSunnireferencebookshaverecordedtheHolyProphet(S)s persistenceontheadherencetotheQuranonly,disregardinghishousehold. InMuslimsalSahih4/41,wereadthefollowing: TheHolyProphetsaid:Iamleavingamongyouwhatwillprotectyouagainstdeviationaslong asyoucommityourselvesto.ItistheBookofAllah.[65] ThefollowingformhasbeenrecordedinMajma`alZawa`id3/265: Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

TheHolyProphetsaid,Opeople!Iamleavingamongyouwhatwillperpetuallyprotectyou againstdeviationifyouonlyadhereto.ItistheBookofAllah.Applyyourselvestoitsinstructions. Throughascrutinizinglookatthenarrationsinvolved,itiseasilyunderstoodthatthementionof theAhlalBaythasbeendeletedinsuchreportsduetothenarratorsoblivionorthefirm supervisionthatthepeopleofQurayshimposeduponHadiths.Thisisevidencedbythefactthat thesamereferencebookshaverelatedthesametextcompletelyinotherpositions.Asarule,the imperfectshouldbecomparedtotheperfect. Muslim,alBayhaqi,IbnMajahandalHaythamihaverecordedvariousnarrationsregardingthe HolyProphet(S)srepetitiveimportunaterecommendationoftheadheringtotheHolyQuran andhisprogenytogether. InMuslimsalSahih7/122,thefollowingisrecorded: ZaydibnArqamhasnarratedthatinaplacecalledKhummandsituatedbetweenMakkahandal Madinah,theHolyProphet(S)addressedtous,AllpraiseandthanksbetoAllahOpeople!Iam nomorethanamortal.TheapostleofmyLord(theangelofdeath)isabouttocometomeandI willrespond.Iamleavingamongyoutwoweightythings.FirstistheBookofAllahthatcontains theguidanceandtheillumination.HoldfastontheBookofAllahandadheretoit.Secondismy household.IbindyouwiththeLordinthequestionofmyhousehold.Herepeateditthrice. Husaynasked,OZayd!Whoarehishousehold?Arehiswomenincluded?Yes,hiswomenare includedwithhishousehold,answeredZayd,Buthishouseholdareexclusivelythosewhomare prohibitedfromreceivingalms.Whoarethey?wonderedHusayn.Theyarethesonsof`Ali, `Aqil,Ja`farand`Abbas,identifiedZayd.Allthoseareprohibitedfromreceivingalms?asked Husayn.Yes,theyallare,repliedZayd.[66] InMajma`alZawa`id1/170,thefollowingisrecorded: ZaydibnThabithasnarratedthattheHolyProphetstated,Iamleavingamongyoutwo successors;theBookofAllahandmyhousehold.Theywillneverleaveeachotheruntiltheyjoin meontheDivinePool.[67] Hehasalsorecordeditonpage162ofpart9andcommentatedthatAhmadrecordeditinan acceptabledocumentation.AbuDawudhasnotreferredtoaclearnarrationrespectingthetwo weightythings;rather,hehaswrittenanindependenttitlealMahdiinalSunan2/309,in whichhehasrecordedtheHadithoftheTwelveImamsandtheHolyProphet(S)spredictionof thecomingofImamalMahdiwhowouldbelongtotheoffspringof`AliandFatimah(a.s.).Hehas alsorelatedtheHolyProphet(S)ssaying,Eveniftherewillbeonlyasingledayfromtheageof Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

thisearth,Allahwillsendamanfrommyhouseholdwhowillfillinitwithjusticeinthesameway asitwouldbefilledinwithwrong. ThefollowingpointisprovidedasevidenceonourclaimthattheHolyProphet(S)orderedpeople, duringtheFarewellHajjsermons,toadheretohishouseholdinadditiontotheHolyQuran.His statementsarethemosteloquentsincetheyenjoyuniquespecificationsoneofwhichisthat therearedefiniteexpressionsdedicatedtodefiniteoccasions.Thispointiscommonbetweenthe HolyQuranandtheHadiths.TheHolyProphet(S)sexpression,protectyouagainstdeviationif onlyyouadheretoisindividuallydedicatedtotheinstructionoftheadherencetotheHoly Quranandhishousehold.Hehadneverusedthisexpressiononanyoccasionexcepttherecently concernedone.Inthesamemanner,theexpression,Iamleavingamongyouthetwoweighty things,hadneverbeenusedinanysituationsavethis. WhentheHolyProphet(S)gavehisorderstofetchapenandapapersothathewouldrecorda documentprotectingperpetuallyagainstdeviation,duringhisfinalailment,peopleofQuraysh perceivedthathehadintendedtocommitMuslimstothecompliancewiththeHolyImamsofhis progenyinawrittenform.So,theyrejectedthisorderveryfranklyandinsolently. InsixpositionsofalSahih,alBukharihasreferredtothisincident.Theotherreferencebooksof Hadithhavereported`Umarstakingprideinplayingthegreatestroleintheprocessofdepriving theHolyProphet(S)ofrecordinghiswill. Atanyrate,weaimonlyatattractingtheattentionstothepointthattheisolatingoftheAhlal BaytfromtheBookofAllah,duringreportingsomenarrationsrespectingthesermonsofthe FarewellHajj,violatestheProphet(S)sstyleandhisunequaledexpressionduringhisreferenceto theadherencetotheBookofAllahandhishouseholdtogether.AlTirmidhi,moreover,has relatedthetwotogether. Inabstract,nonecandenytheauthentictruththattheHolyProphet(S)predictedthecomingof theTwelveImamsandinstructedpeopletoadheretothetwoweightythingsandconsideredhis immaculatehousehold`Ali,Fatimah,alHasanandalHusaynastheequalsoftheHolyQuran inthefieldofthecompliancewiththem.Allthesematterswereconfirmedinthesermonsofthe FarewellHajj.Theyhowevermaybedeniedonlybythosewhointendtobefanatictothepeople ofQurayshinthefaceoftheExaltedLordandHisProphet(S). Thethirdprincipleofthisbase,whichisthedeclarationof`Alisreligiousandpoliticalsuccession, isevidentthroughtheHadithofGhadir.Welackenoughscopetorefertothenumerous documentationsandtextsconcerningthistopic.Agreatdealofreferencebooksoftheologyand Hadith,beginningwithalTabarisalWilayahandendingwith`AllamahalAminisalGhadir Encyclopedia,havediscussedthistopicthoroughly. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 Thefourthprinciple,whichisthekeepingontheperformanceoftheobligatoryritesandthe compliancewiththeleaders,hasbeendiscussedduringmentioningparagraphsaboutthesecond basis.AlFakhralRazi,aswellasmanyothers,haveadmittedthatAlmightyAllahwillnever instructustocomplywithotherthansinlesspeoplewithoutspecifyingconditions;otherwisethis willbeaninstructionofdisobedience.ThisadmissioncomesthroughdiscussingAlmightyAllahs saying,Oyewhobelieve!ObeyAllahandobeytheApostleandthoseinauthorityfromamong you.Hence,meninauthorityintendedintheHolyVersemustbesinlessand,similarly,those intendedintheHolyProphet(S)ssermonsoftheFarewellHajj,aswellasotheroccasions,must besinless. ThefifthprincipleaimsatimmortalizingthetreatyofQurayshandKinanahonblockadingthe Hashimites.ThishasbeenrecordedinalBukharisalSahih5/92: AbuHurayrahhasnarratedthattheHolyProphetsaid,Allahwilling,wewillresideinalKhayf, theplacewheretheyconcludedthetreatyofatheismandsworeonit. Onpages246and194ofparts4and8,alBukharirecordsnarrationsconcerningthesametopic. Onpage158ofpart2,herecordsanarrationwithamoreevidentpoint: AbuHurayrahhasnarratedthatontheNahrDay,theHolyProphet(S)wasinMinawhenhe stated,Tomorrow,wewillresideinalKhayfofBanuKinanah,wheretheyconcludedthetreaty ofatheismandsworeonit.HemeantalMuhassab.PeopleofQurayshandKinanahhad concludedatreatyagainsttheHashimites,sonsof`AbdalMuttalibandsonsofalMuttalib.They agreeduponabstainingfromgivinginmarriageormarryinganyindividualbelongingtothese housesandabstainingfromsellingthemanythingunlesstheygiveuptheHolyProphet(S). ThesamenarrationhasbeenrecordedinMuslimsalSahih4/86andAhmadsalMusnad2/322, 237,263,353and540.IthasbeenalsorecordedinalBayhaqisalSunan5/160,yetinanother form,inwhichhecomments,ThisreportisrecordedinalBukharisalSahihandMuslimswhere itisrelatedtoalAwza`i. MuslimhasactuallyrelatedittoalAwza`i,whilealBukharitoAbuHurayrah.Itseemsthatal BayhaqihaserredinthispointorthereporthasnotbeenfoundinthecopyofalBukharisal Sahihuponwhichwedepend.Inanyevent,thefollowingadditionexistsinMuslimsreport relatedtoalAwza`i: Theyshouldnotgiveinmarriageormarryanyindividualofthesehousesandnodealshouldbe concludedbetweenthetwopartiesuntiltheygiveuptheHolyProphet(S). Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

Furthermore,inthetwoformsofthereport,thereisadifferenceintheplaceoftheHolyProphet (S)sresidence.AlBukharimentionsthattheHolyProphet(S)declaredthatstatementwhilehe wasinMina,afterperformingtheritesof`Arafat,whilealTabaranimentionsthatitoccurredin Makkah,beforethecommencementoftheHajjrites.Thelatterishowevermoreacceptablesince itaccountsfortheHolyProphet(S)sconcerninthesubjectandhiscaringforconcentratingonit inMuslimsmentalities.Moreover,hehadresidedinthatplaceandpassedthenightbefore performingtheritesof`Arafattherewhenhewasinhiswaytothatmountain. ThismatterhasbeenpreviouslymentionedduringdiscussingalDarimisnarration.AlltheTashriq days,theHolyProphet(S)residedinthatplace. InMajma`alZawa`id3/250,thefollowingisrecorded: Ibn`AbbashasnarratedthatonedaybeforetheTarwiyahDay,theHolyProphetstated,Allah willing,wewillresideinalKhayf,theplacewheretheatheistsconcludedtheirtreatyandswore onit.[68] ThemostremarkablepointinthisdiscussionistheHolyProphet(S)spurposebeyondreminding peopleofQuraysh,andMuslimsgenerally,ofagreatincidentthattookplaceinthatplace fourteenyearsago.PeopleofQurayshaimedatburyingthatincidentandmakingpeopleforgetit. AllahtheExaltedandHisMessengerhaveintendedtoeternalizeitinMuslimsmentalitiesand history.TheincidentasawholebringshumiliationtopeopleofQurayshandelevatesproudlythe HolyProphet(S)andtheHashimites. ItisasketchshowingtheceaselesseffortsofthedespoticQurayshitechiefswhocouldachieve unanimityoftheclansandconvincethetribesofKinanahwholodgedneartheHolyPrecinctto puttheHashimitesunderacompleteblockadeablockadethatlastedforlongyears.They practicedacomprehensiveeconomicandsocialblockadeagainsttheHashimitesforcoercing themtogiveMuhammad,theHolyProphet(S),upsothattheywouldbeabletokillhimormake himretreatfromhisDivineMission. Thosedespoticchiefsfeltinsublimecheerforachievingagreatsuccessincongregatingtheclans ofQurayshandKinanahforthatsatanicpurpose.TheirconferencewasheldinalMuhassabinal KhayfofBanuKinanahwheretheyswore,byLatand`Uzza,[69]ontheperseveranceontheir goals.Thedocumenttheywrotewassignedbyeightychiefsandcelebrities.Thenextday,they wentonapplyingitsparagraphs.Hence,thatblockadelastedforfouryearsandendedafewdays beforetheHolyProphet(S)simmigrationtoalMadinah. TheHashimites,includingtheunbelievingones,combinedwiththeHolyProphet(S)andtolerated manyyearsofblockade,poverty,harmandinsultintheColofAbuTalib.UntilAlmightyAllah Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

relievedtheirsufferingbyamiracle,noneofMuslimsparticipatedwiththem. TheHolyProphet(S)aimedatopeningthenewMuslimsmindsonthehistoryoftheirreligionand thecostsofthedivinerevelationinorderthattheymayappreciatethevalue.Besides,hewanted themtopayattentiontothecoreofIslamandthecoreofatheismsothattheymaydiscriminate. Anotherpurposewasthatheaimedatsendingapracticalmessagetotherestofthedespotic chiefsofQurayshwhowerestillalivetoinformthemthattheyshoulderedtheoffenseofthat atheismandshame.Nevertheless,theycommittedgreatersinsafterwards;theydidnotchange theirsituationuntiltheHolyProphet(S)gatheredthemundertheswordsoftheHashimitesand AnsaronthedayoftheconquestofMakkah.Onlythen,theysavedthemselvesfromkillingbythe declarationofbeingMuslims.Thereafter,theyplannedforprevailingontheheritageofthe IslamicStatethathadbeenconstructedbyAlmightyAllahandHisMessenger,againsttheir desires. Deathandtheswordof`AliibnAbiTalibweretheLordsmeansofkillingafewnumbersofthe chiefsofthatsatanictreatyofalKhayfconference.Aconsiderablenumberofthem;suchas Suhaylibn`Amr,AbuSufyan,`IkrimahibnAbiJahl,SafwanibnUmayyahibnKhalaf,Hakimibn Hizam,SuhaybibnSinan,AbulA`waralSalamiandmanyotherswerestillalive.They accompaniedtheHolyProphet(S)intheFarewellHajj;andlistenedtohisstatementsandcould remembertheirnearpast;andwereadmiredbytheamnestythatheissuedafterhehadstopped atsubmittingthemtofullevidence.Theirextrinsicandhiddenbehavior,theinduction,theAhlal Baytstestimony,thecourseofhistoryallthesethingshaveproventheirdelightfortheHoly Prophet(S)sdeclarationofhisimminentdeparture.Theywerepreparingforanewmethodof blockadingtheHashimitesinthenextstage.Hence,theHolyProphet(S)wantedtoremindthem oftheiroldplanandhowtheLordfoileditandHewouldforsurefoilthecomingones. Theseventhprincipleofthisbasis,whichiswarningpeopleofQurayshagainstplayingthetyrant afterthedepartureoftheHolyProphet(S),isrecordedinourreferencebooksofHadith.Itis assertedbythenarrationrecordedinMajma`alZawa`idasrelatedtoFahadibnalBahiriwhohad listenedtothesermonofthe`ArafatDayandreportedfromtheHolyProphet(S)hissaying: OpeopleofQuraysh!DonotshouldertheworldlyaffairswhilepeopleshouldertheHereafter.I willnotavailyouintheleastbeforeAllah. ThankstoAllah,FahadwasaBedouin;hadhebelongedtoQurayshorKinanah,hewouldhave substitutedtheHashimitesforpeopleofQuraysh!TheQurayshitenarratorswerewonttoremove everystatementthatmightinjureorcensurepeopleofQuraysh.Therefore,Sunnireference booksofHadithhavebeenfullofsuchauthenticreportsregardingtheHolyProphet(S)s blamingandcensuringtheHashimitesandsonsof`AbdalMuttalib.Inlikemanner,wecouldsee tensofnarrationsdealingwiththeHolyProphet(S)spraisingpeopleofQurayshandorderingto Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

chooseleadersfromthem.AlltheHolyProphet(S)sstatementsofblameandcensureagainst peopleofQurayshhavebeenchangedintostatementsofblameandcensureagainstthe Hashimites,orhavebeenrepealedbyinventinganothersayingorhavebeenturnedintopraise forpeopleofQuraysh! FahadibnalBahirisnarrationoftheHolyProphet(S)sforewarningpeopleofQurayshduringthe sermonoftheFarewellHajjhascomeinitspropertimeandplace.PeopleofQurayshoccupieda distinctivelocationamongtheArabs;theyweretheleadersoftheArabPeninsulasinhabitants duringandaftertheHolyProphet(S)slifetime.Consequently,anydangerthatmightfacetheAhl alBaytwouldcertainlybeoriginatedbythem.Aswell,anymovementofavertingIslamandany wrongdoingthatMuslimsmaysufferwouldcertainlybeoriginatedbythem.Otherpeoplewould alwaysfollowthem. TheHolyProphet(S)isnomorethanabeareroftheLordsMessageandaconveyorofHisclaim againstpeople.Hismissionistowarnandadmonishsothathewhowouldperishmightperishby clearproofandhewhowouldlivemightlivebyclearproof. TheeighthprincipleofthisbasiswarningtheSahabahagainstbreakingfaithandstrugglingon powerhasbeenrecordedinallreferencebooksofHadithdirectlyandindirectly. TheindirectwayofrelatingthisprincipleistheHolyProphet(S)ssaying,Afterme,returnnotto deviationbybeheadingeachother.InalSunan2/1300,IbnMajahhasdedicatedanindependent chaptertotheProphet(S)ssayingsregardingthistopic.HehasentitleditAfterMe,ReturnNot ToDeviationByBeheadingEachOther.HehasalsorecordedtheHolyProphet(S)ssayings,Woe isyou!Afterme,returnnottoatheismbybeheadingeachother,andKillnoteachotherafter me,andthelikestatements.ThisforeordainsthatthematterwouldfallaftertheHolyProphet (S)sdeparture.Asamatteroffact,hefranklyforetoldthemabouttheirstruggleonpowerafter him.Heusedthemaximumdegreeofeloquence,aswellassympathy,andexercisedallstylesof forewarningandadmonitionsoastoconveytheLordsargumentagainstthemsothattheywill notprovidetheirunfamiliarityofthetopicwhentheywillbesubmittedbeforetheLord. Thoseadmonishedpeoplewerenonebuthiscompanions.TheywerenottheJewsnortheother ArabtribesnorthechiefsofQurayshexclusively. TheIslamicStatebynowprevailedonallovertheArabPeninsulaandtheHolyProphet(S)s anticipationofthestruggleforpowerwasnotaddressedtothetribes,suchasHawazinand Ghatafan,whowillinglyorunwillinglyweresubmittedtoIslam,sincethesetribeshadnothingto dowiththeleadershipoftheIslamicState.Supposingtheydid,theywouldnotobtainany positionunlesstheSahabahwouldpermit. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

RegardingtheJews,theyweredefeatedandapartofthemwasbanishedoutoftheArab Peninsula;theythereforehadnoconsiderablemilitarypoweratthatperiod.Despitethefirmness oftheirtrickeries,theywouldnotthriveunlesstheywouldpassbytheSahabah. ThechiefsofQurayshlackedthedaretodemandwithapositionofleadershipalthoughtheyhad thepredominanceuponthemajorityoftheQurayshitetribesaswellastwothousandwarriors. ThatwasbecauseoftheirhavingbeentheHolyProphet(S)sreleasedindividualswhosesouls hadalreadybeeninthehandofhim.ThismeantthattheHolyProphet(S)hadhadtherighttokill orenslavethem;yet,hechosethesecondoptionandreleasedthemafterward.Theywouldhave nohopetoholdapositionofleadershipunlessthatsmallnumberoftheQurayshiteMuhajirun wouldpermit. Asaresult,theHolyProphet(S)sforewarningagainstthestruggleforpowerafterhimis restrictedtohiscompanions,MuhajirunandAnsarexclusively. Herecomestheroleofthedirectforewarning,whichlackspersonalnamesonly.Itcamefromthe unseenworldand,moreprecisely,fromtheLord,providingtheendresultofthosedeviatingand deviatedcompanions. AlmightyAllahcommissionedArchangelGabrieltocarrythemissiontotheHolyProphet(S).It showedthecomingdayonwhichtheLordwillchooseMuhammad(S)forthechiefshipofthe grandassemblage.ArchangelGabrielwillhandhimthepennonofalHamdandtheHolyProphet (S)willdeliveritto`AliibnAbiTalib;thebeareroftheHolyProphet(S)spennoninthisworldand theHereafter.TheassemblagewillbeundertheleadershipofMuhammadinwhomAdamwill takepride.HewillthusbecalledAbuMuhammad(thefatherofMuhammad)TheLordwillgive Muhammadexclusivelytherightofintercession(Shafa`ah)andtheDivinePoolofKawthar. Then,delegationsofallthenationswillapproachhimforseekingintercession.Hewillintercede andgrantthecardofdrinkingfromthatDivinePoolwhosewaterwillchangetheirphysiological structuresothattheywillbefittoabideinParadiseforever.Whenitwillbehiscompanionsturn, asurprisewilloccur.TheLordwilldisallowtheHolyProphet(S)tointercedeforthoseindividuals whom,subsequentlywillbedeprivedofdrinkingfromthatPool.Then,theangelsofanguishwill beorderedtotakethemtoHellfire.Thisisthemorrowofthosecompanions,communicatedby theevermosttruetonguedindividualonthisearth. Itisindeedaterriblescene.ArchangelGabriel,thehonest,carriedittotheHolyProphetsothathe wouldinformhispeople,duringtheFarewellHajj,aboutsuchapredestinedoccurrence.Itisthe gravestcatastrophefortheSahabah.ThereasonisthattheywouldcausetheUmmahtofallinthe greatestcatastrophe. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

Exceptthelikeofscatteredanimalsofcattle,noneofthemwillescape.Thispicturehasbeen recordedinthemostauthenticnarrationsreportedbytheproSahabah.Itisanextraordinary expression.Thosescatteredanimalswouldbethoseescapingthecattle.Thismeansthatthe entiregroupoftheSahabahwillbeinHellfireandonlyafewofthemwillescapeit.Moreover,the HolyProphet(S)explainedthattheSahabahwhoshouldbeinHellfireareoftwogroups, indicatingthattherearetwolinestakenbytwopartiesofthem.Thisfacthasbeenproven throughtheforecitedreportofalHakimwhohasdecideditasauthenticonthecriterionof MuslimandalBukhari.Inthisreport,herecords: Anothergroupwillbeoccluded,too.Nonewillescapebutafewgroupslikethescattered animalsinacattle. Itisadistressingquestion,indeed.Itishardlyacceptableandcredible,especiallyforMuslimswho havebeenbroughtuponthecherishingforalltheSahabahwhomhavebeendescribedasthe bestcenturyandtheuniquegenerationandMycompanionsarelikethestars;ifyoufollowany ofthem,youwillbeguidedtotheright. ItwillbeagreatshockforsuchMuslimsiftheyarefacedbythathorriblesatanicpictureofthose Sahabah. HaditbeenanypersonotherthantheHolyProphet(S)whoutteredthesewords,theywould haveregardedhimasoneoftheenemiesofIslamaimingatruiningthisreligionbymeansof maligningagainsttheSahabah.Yet,theHolyProphet(S)himselfutteredthesewordsand,asan undeniablereality,hedoesnotspeakoutofdesire.Nevertheless,peopleofQurayshclaimthat theHolyProphet(S)mightspeakinsatisfactionandanger;andhiswordsinangermustnotbe takenasevidence.Iftruthbetold,theHolyProphet(S)swordsarealwaystruebecausetheyare producedbytheDivineRevelationoftheLordoftheworld!Truthisgrievous;anditisnot necessarythattruthsarealwaysdelightful.Similarly,thewordofrightisnotalwaysfittingour desires. WecandonothingforthetoomanynarrationsdemonstratingthattheSahabahwillbedegraded, rejectedandprecludedfromapproachingtheDivinePoolontheResurrectionDay.These narrationsoccupyagreatareainthemajorSunnireferencebooksofHadith!Furthermore,they occupyagreaterareaintheotherreferencebooksofHadithallofwhichconfirmthatnoneof thosecompanionswillescapefromHellfireexceptafewlikethescatteredanimalsofacattle. AccordingtotheArabicArabicdictionaryofalJawhari,theHolyProphet(S)sstatementrefersto theanimalsofacattlethatlosttheirsupervisor. ThemostremarkablepointinthisdiscussionistherealizationofthereasonbeyondtheHoly Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

Prophet(S)sreferencetothistopicduringtheFarewellHajj. Primarily,thereasonisthatAlmightyAllahorderedhimtoproposethistopicinthattime.The HolyProphet(S)hasneverspokenoutofdesire;andunlessAlmightyAllahhadtoldhimaboutthe futureconductsofhiscompanions,hewouldnothaveknownanything. Letusnowputthefollowingquestions: WhatwouldthoseSahabahdoaftertheHolyProphet(S)sdeparture?Wouldtheyreturnto atheism?WouldtheyapostatizefromIslam,astheProphet(S)describes?Wouldthey misrepresentthisreligion?Wouldtheykilleachotherforpower?TheanswerofourSunni brethrenforallthesequestionsandtheirlikesisverysimple:YoumustacceptwhatyourProphet (S)hadsaidandthenshutyourmouthsoastoavoidbeingRafiditerejecterandprotester. Otherquestionscanalsobecited:WhatfordidtheLordchoosethissortofwarning?Whatfordid HenotkillthoseindividualswhowoulddeviatethereafterordirectHisProphet(S)tokillthemor exposethembeforeMuslimssothattheywouldbeavoided? TheansweristhattheLordhasalwaysmadeHisservantssubservienttoHisargumentandleft themtoactfreelysothathewhowouldperishmightperishbyclearproofandhewhowouldlive mightlivebyclearproof.Allah,atlength, cannotbequestionedconcerningwhatHedoesandtheywillbequestioned.21:23 HeisthePossessorofHisservantsandhastherighttointerrogatethem;Hedoesnotmake errors;therefore,Heisnotsubmittedtoinquiry;HeisthemostKnowledgeable,andthemost knowledgeablemustnotbeaccusedbythoseoflowerlevels. Anotherquestionmaybealsocitedhere:WhatweretheresultsoftheHolyProphet(S)s warning?DidMuslims,includingtheSahabah,hurryuptowardstheHolyProphet(S)askingfor thestraightpath?Didtheyaskhimtonominateamantheywouldfollowthereaftersothatthose dangerousSahabahwouldnotleadthemastray? TheansweristhattheHolyProphet(S)didnominatethetwoweightythingsforpeopletofollow. HenamedtheBookofAllahandhishousehold.HealsoforetoldabouttwelvegodlyImamsto comeafterhim. BeforeandaftertheFarewellHajj,theHolyProphet(S)definedhishouseholdseveraltimes.He mentionedthembynames;`Ali,Fatimah,alHasanandalHusayn(a.s.).Manyreportsrecordedin thereferencebooksofHadithhavedeclaredthattheHolyProphet(S)hadidentifiedthem Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

personallywhenhecoveredthemwithaYemenicloakanddeclared,Thosearemypeople;my household.Sufficednotbytheseproceduresanddeclaration,theHolyProphet(S)caused MuslimstostopunderthehotweatherinalJuhafahinGhadirKhummandtook`Alifromthearm toannouncehisreligiousandpoliticalsuccessionandleadership.Hethenfixedatentforhimso thatMuslimswouldgreethimconfessingofhisleadershipandcongratulatingonthisdivinely commissionedposition.TheHolyProphet(S)thenorderedhiswomentocongratulate`Ali,too. TheyapproachedthetentandofferedcongratulationsadmittingloyaltytoImam`Ali. Inhisfinalailment,theHolyProphet(S)wantedtopresentthesuccessionofImam`Aliina writtenform;heaskedtheattendantstobringhimapenandapapersothathewouldrecorda documentprotectingthemfromdeviationforever.Unfortunately,theyrejectedunrelentinglyand said,Well!Thanks,Messenger!Wedecidedtogoastrayafteryou!Thisdecisionhasbeentaken withfullawareness,intentionandoption.Wedonotwantyoutorecordadocumentobligingus toobey`Ali,alHasan,alHusaynandnineindividualsfromalHusaynsoffspring.Hence,theysaid shamelessly,Donotbringhimanypenorpaper!WhatcouldtheHolyProphet(S)makemore? FifthBasis Thisbasisstandsforthepunishmentthatthosewhowouldrejecttheinstructionoftheobligatory adherencetotheHolyImamswillencounter.ItwillbefallintheHereafterandfittheHolyProphet (S)sresponsibilityforconveyingandwitnessingtheactsofhisnation.Theexpressionofthis punishmentisfirmandunbending;itcameintheformofadivinedecisionofcursingand condemningtherejectersoftheHolyProphet(S)sinstructionsregardinghishouseholdand indicatedthattherepentanceofsuchindividualswouldneverbeacceptedandthattheywould deservetheeternaltormentinHellfire.ItscominginthelastoftheHolyProphet(S)ssermon mightgivetheimpressionindicatingitsfirmnessanddecisiveness. TheparagraphiscitedinthereportrecordedinTuhafalUqul,aShiitereferencebook,aswellasa gooddealofSunnireferencebooksassertingthatitwasmentionedduringtheHolyProphet(S)s sermonintheFarewellHajj. LetusreadthefollowingasquotedfromIbnMajahsalSunan2/905: `AmribnKharijahnarratedthattheHolyProphet(S)wasonthebackofhisridinganimal,whileit wasbreathingheavilyduetothehotweather,whenhesaid:CurseoftheLord,theangelsand allpeoplebeonthosewhoascribethemselvestootherthantheirfathersormasters.Allahwill notaccepttheirexcuseorcompensation. AlTirmidhi,inalSunan3/293,recordsthefollowing: Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

AbuUmamahalBahilinarrated:IheartheHolyProphetsayinginthesermonoftheFarewellHajj: CeaselesscurseoftheLordbeonthosewhoascribethemselvestootherthantheirfathersor masters. ThefollowingisquotedfromAhmadsalMusnad4/239: AmribnKharijahnarratedthattheHolyProphet(S)wasinMinaridinghisanimal,whichwas breathingheavilyduetothehotweather,whenhesaid:CurseoftheLord,theangelsandall peoplebeonthemwhoascribethemselvestootherthantheirfathersormastersasadesireto neglectthem. InAhmadsalMusnad4/187,wereadthefollowing:CurseoftheLord,theangelsandall peoplebeonthosewhoascribethemselvestootherthantheirfathersormasters.MayAllahnot accepttheirexcusesorcompensations. Ahmadhasrelateddifferentreportsofthesamemeaningandrecordedtheminthesame previouspagesandtheprecedingones.Hehasalsorecordeditonpages238and186.AlDarimi hasrecordeditinalSunan2/244and344.InMajma`alZawa`id5/14,thenarrationisreported fromAbuMas`ud.AlBukharihasrecordedthereportsinalSahih2/221and4/67. ThereadermaywondertherelationshipbetweenthestatementsinvolvedandtheHolyProphet (S)sinstructionoftheadherencetohishousehold.Theabovementionedparagraphsemphasize thattheHolyProphet(S)cursedthosewhoascribethemselvestootherthantheirfathersandthe slaveswhodisavowtheirmastersandclaimothermasters. Toanswerit,wehavetocitethefollowingIslamicruling:Asonwhodisavowshisfatherand claimsanothermansfiliationbutthenregretsandreturnstohisrealfather,hisrepentanceis admissible.Inlikemanner,aslavewholeaveshismasterandclaimsslaveryofanothermanbut thenrepentsandreturnstohismasterafterawhile,hisrepentanceislegallyacceptable. TheserulingsopposetheHolyProphet(S)sdeclarationthatthedivinecurse,initsharshestform, isceaselesslypouredonthosewhoascribethemselvestootherthantheirfathersormasters. Suchadivinepunishmentisacceptedonlyincasesofseriousexcess,suchasapostasy.Itisunfitto issuesuchajudgmentagainstanignorantsonorslavewhodisavowshisfatherormaster. Moreover,somereportshaveassuredthattheHolyProphet(S)confirmedtheatheismand apostasyofsuchindividuals,suchasthoserecordedinalBayhaqisalSunan8/26,Majma`al Zawa`id1/97,Kanzal`Ummal5/872andmanyothers.Asanexample,thefollowingreportis recordedinKanzal`Ummal10/324,326,327and16/255respectively: Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 HethatdisavowshismastersisrippingthebindofIslamoutofhisneck. HethatdisavowshismastersshouldfindhimselfaplaceinHellfire. Hethatdisavowshismastersisanatheist. HethatdisavowshismastersisassameashewhodisbelievesinwhattheLordhasrevealedto hisMessenger. Theseauthenticsayingssupportthefactthatsuchdecisiverulingshavenothingtodowiththose whodisavowtheirfathersormastersunlessfathersandmastersindicatesomethingelse.Itis alsosupportedbytheaforesaidreportsandmanyothersinwhichtheHolyProphet(S)doesnot refertofathersandsonsatall;ratherhestopsatmentioningmastersandtheirservants. Naturally,asonsdisavowalofhisfatherismoreseriousthanaslavesdisavowalofhismaster. Nevertheless,suchreportscarryapunishmentthatismoreserious.Inaddition,itissupportedby thefactthatthisruling,inagoodnumberofreportscommunicatingtheHolyProphet(S)s sermonsoftheFarewellHajj,ismentioneddirectlyafterthereferencetotheexclusivepeculiarity giventotheAhlalBayt;namely,theKhums(onefifthrate).TheAhlalBaytareprohibitedfrom receivingthealms. InAhmadsalMusnad4/186,wereadthefollowing: TheHolyProphet(S)wasridinghisanimalwhenhesaid,Almsarenotallowedformyhousehold andme;anysumofalmsevenifitwasasmuchasthis.Meanwhile,hetookasinglehairfromthe backofhisanimalandwenton,Allahcursehimwhoeverascribeshimselftootherthanhisfather ormaster. Thesamereportisrecordedonpage293ofpart5ofKanzal`Ummal.Onpage235ofpart10of thesamebook,thefollowingformisrecorded:Hewhoeverascribeshimselftootherthanhis mastershouldfindhimaplaceinHellfire. InShiitereferencebooksofHadith;theAhlalBaytsreports,thisstatementhasbeenfrequently andauthenticallyrecordedintheHolyProphet(S)ssermonsoftheFarewellHajj.Besides,itisa partoftheGhadirsermon. InBiharalAnwar37/123,wereadthefollowing: ShaykhalMufid,inalAmali,hasrecordedontheauthorityofZaydibnArqamthathesaid:I heardtheHolyProphetsayinginGhadirKhumm,Almsarenotallowedformyhouseholdandme. Allahmaycursethosewhoascribethemselvestootherthantheirfathersormasters.Thebabyis tothebedownerwhiletheprostitutesshareisthestones.Anheirisnotallowedtomakeawill. Youhaveheardandseenme.Hewhoeverforgesliesagainstmemustfindhimselfaplacein Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

Hellfire.IwillbeprecedingyoutotheDivinePool.Iwilltakeprideinyoubeforetheothernations ontheResurrectionDay.Blackennotmyface.IwillsavemenfromHellfireandotherswillbe takenfrommyhandsandsenttherein.AllahismyMasterandIamthemasterofeachmaleand femalebeliever.`Aliwillbethemasterofanyonewhohasregardedmeashismaster.[70] Inal`Umdah344,IbnalBitriq,aShiitescholar,comments: ThenarrationsrecordedinthemajorreferencebooksofHadithandreportingtheHolyProphet (S)ssaying,Allahmaycursethosewhoascribethemselvestootherthantheirfathersor masters,indicatetheinsistenceontheobligatoryadherencetoAmiralMu`minin(Commander ofthefaithfulbelievers)`Ali.Supportingthisclaimclearlyisthemostauthenticatedsayingofthe HolyProphet(S),`Aliwillbethemasterofanyonewhohasregardedmeashismaster.TheHoly Prophet(S)thenadds,OAllah!Accedetohimwhoaccedesto`Ali,betheenemyofhimwho antagonizes`Ali,supporthimwhosupports`Alianddisappointhimwhodisappointshim. Hence,`AliisbeingthemasterofthosewhosemasterwastheHolyProphet(S),thatisallthe believers.Also`UmaribnalKhattabsaidto`Ali(a.s.)directlyafterthatdeclaration, Congratulations!Youhavebecomethemasterofeverymaleandfemalebeliever.Or,according tootherwaysofnarration,Youhavebecomemymasterandthemasterofeverymaleand femalebeliever. AlmightyAllahonlyhastherighttoselectforthisposition;He,theExalted,gaveittoHis MessengerMuhammad(S)andorderedhimtogiveitto`AliAmiralMu`mininafterhim.This meaningissupportedbyAlmightyAllahssaying,OnlyAllahisyourMasterandHisMessenger andthosewhobelieve;thosewhokeepupprayersandpaytheZakatwhiletheybow.6/55[71] Onthataccount,theHolyProphet(S)ssaying,thosewhoascribethemselvestootherthan theirfathers,standsforthosewhodisavowloyaltytoImam`Ali.Wecanreferthisdiscussionto theHolyProphet(S)ssaying,O`Ali!YouandIarethefathersofthisnation. CurseoftheLordbeonthosewhodisobeytheirfathers. SunniandShiitereferencebooksofHadithhavealsorecordedthattheaforementionedsaying wasapartofthescript,whichwashangedtotheHolyProphet(S)sswordandgivento`Aliin heritage.InalSahih4/67,alBukharirecordsthisnarration.Similarly,Muslim,inalSahih4/115 and216,recordsitinvariouswaysofnarration.Likemanyothers,alTirmidhialsorecordsitinal Sunan3/297.Asamatteroffact,theyinsistonthesenarrationssincetheycontained,asthey claim,`AlisconfessionthattheHolyProphet(S)hadnotinheritedhishouseholdanyknowledge exceptacopyoftheHolyQuranandthatpaper,whichhadbeenhangedtohissword.Narrations, however,assurethattheHolyProphet(S)cursedthosewhodisavowtheirmasters. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 InShiitereferencebooksofHadith,thereisafourthoccasiononwhichtheHolyProphet(S) utteredthewordingofcurse;theQurayshitereleasedindividualsmovedtoalMadinahand partookthehypocritesintheireffortsagainsttheAhlalBayt.Once,theysaid,Regardinghis existenceamongtheHashimites,Muhammadisjustlikeadatepalmtreeplantedinajunkyard. Whenhewasinformedaboutthissaying,theHolyProphet(S)ordered`Alitoascendtheminbar andanswerthem. InBiharalAnwar38/204,wereadthefollowing: AlAsbaghibnNubatahnarratedthefollowingontheauthorityof`AliibnAbiTalib(a.s.): Once,theHolyProphetsummonedmeandorderedtoascendhisminbaranddeclare.Curseof AllahandcurseofHisarchangelsandmessagedProphetsandmycursebeonhimwhoever disavowshisfatherormasteraswellashimwhoeverwrongshiswageworker.AsIdid,noone commentedexcept`UmaribnalKhattab.OAbulHasan,saidhe,Youhaveconveyed.Butthey wereambiguouswords.IwasbacktotheHolyProphet(S)toinformabout`Umarssaying.The HolyProphet(S)askedmetoconvey,Opeople!Weshouldnevercommunicatewordstoyou unlesswehavetheirinterpretation.Iamyourfather.Iamyourmaster.Iamyourwageworker. AnarrationthatisrecordedinFuratibnIbrahimalKufisTafsir392provesthattheHolyProphet (S)utteredthesamestatementonafifthoccasion: Fatimahbint(daughterof)alHusaynnarratedontheauthorityofalHusaynibn`Alithathe said: WhentheHolyProphet(S)wasinalMadinah,someoftheMuhajirunofferedhimapartoftheir propertiestohelpinmanaginganyunexpectedmattershemightcounter.Forawhile,henodded hisheaddownand,finally,refusedtheiroffersaying,Iamnotorderedtotakeanythingfrom yourproperties.Soonafterthat,ArchangelGabrieldescendedfromtheHeavenscarrying AlmightyAllahssaying,Say:Idonotaskforyouanyrewardforitbutlovemynearrelatives.As theHolyProphet(S)conveyedthisVersetothem,Muhajirunwentoutgrumblingatthis commandment,sayingtoeachotherthathehadintendedonlytosubmitthemtothesonsof `AbdalMuttalibforever.TheHolyProphet(S)thensummoned`AliibnAbiTalibandorderedhim toascendhisminbarandaddresstopeople,Hethatwrongsawageworkerregardinghiswage shouldseekhimselfaplaceinHellfire.Hethatdisavowshismastershouldseekhimselfaplacein Hellfire.HethatdenieshisparentsshouldseekhimselfaplaceinHellfire. Amanstoodupandaskedforaninterpretationforthesewords.`AliwentbacktotheHoly Prophet(S)andconveyedthatmansrequest.WoetothepeopleofQurayshbecauseofthe Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

interpretationofthesewords,theHolyProphet(S)repeatedthriceandthensaid,`Ali:Goand tellthemthatIamthewageworkertheobediencetowhomisanorderissuedintheHeavens.You andIarethemastersofthebelievers.YouandIarethefathersofthebelievers.

TheProphetsNeedForPeoplesProtectionDuringConveyingTheMissions DuringtheinterpretationoftheVerseof`Ismah,[72]theproQurayshiteexegeteshave committedtwofatalmistakes: First,theyhavemisrepresentedtheactualconceptionofthemissionsoftheProphetsincluding Muhammad(S).Second,theyhaveattemptedtoconcealtherealityofpeopleofQurayshafter theconquestofMakkah.TheyhaveintendedtodrawtheVerseawayfromtheseincidentsand triedtopersuadeMuslimsthatpeopleofQurayshthepolytheistsandthecenterofthedevils allofasudden,changedintothosepiouspeoplewhoreceivedpietyinaperiodofasinglenight anddayandwentonleadingpeopletoIslamanditsrightpath. QuranicSenseOfConveyance TheHolyQurancarriesasimplemeaningofconveyance;themessengersexplicatingtheDivine Missionandleavingtheoptionforpeople,andtheLord,nottheProphets,willbethejudge. Hence,anumberofprinciplescanbeconcludedfromthisdeepbasis: First,aProphet(S)isinurgentneedtoguaranteetherightoffreeopinionssothathewillbeable totransmitandconveyhisLordsmissionadequately.ThiswastheProphetspreliminarydemand fromtheirnations. Second,theirmissionisnomorethanconveyance.BeforeProphetAbraham(a.s.),jihadwasnot imposedupontheProphets;yetAlmightyAllahimposedituponAbrahamandthecoming Prophets[73]soastoremovetheobstaclesthatimpededtheprocessofconveyanceortoface theatheistsassaultsagainstthebelieverswhochosethetruereligionandorganizedtheirlives accordingly. Third,nooneshouldbeobligedtoconverttothenewreligion.Itisquitefreeforeverybodyto chooseanycourse.Hence,thelawofguidanceanddeviationoughttobeeffectiveandthe capabilitytodogoodandeviloughttobeavailable. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 Fourth,thepurposeoftheexerciseofconveyingtheDivineMissionsistoprovidetotheLord clear,completeandperfectclaimsagainstpeopleinorderthattheywillnothaveanyexcuses whentheywillberesurrectedforjudgment.Toprovideclaimsinthedivinereligionsisanoriginal andperpetualpivotinthetasksoftheProphets.WhenaProphet(S)conveysrulingstopeople andexplicatesclearlytheirbeliefsandduties,hewillactivatetheLordsclaimand,asaresult, perfectthemissionandreleasehimselffromanyresponsibility. EveryoneisindividuallyresponsibleforhisresponsetotheProphets,bepositiveornegative,as wellashisacts.AProphet(S)isnotresponsibleinthisregardatall.AlmightyAllahsays, Say:ThenAllahsistheconclusiveargument;soifHepleased,Hewouldcertainlyguideyouall. 6:149 Letusnowcitesomeproofs,quotedfromtheHolyQuran,onthisdiscussion: Prophet(S)Noahsaystohispeople,IdelivertoyouthemessagesofmyLordandIofferyou goodadviseandIknowfromAllahwhatyoudonot.7:62 AboutProphetshu`ayb,theHolyQuransays, Soheturnedawayfromthemandsaid:Omypeople!IdeliveredtoyouthemessagesofmyLord andIgaveyougoodadvice;howwillIthenbesorryforanunbelievingpeople?7:93 AboutProphet(S)Hud,theHolyQuransays, Butifyouturnback,thenindeedIhavedeliveredtoyouthemessagewithwhichIhavebeen senttoyou,andmyLordwillbringanotherpeopleinyourplace,andyoucannotdoHimany harm;surelymyLordisthePreserverofallthings.11:57Referringtothecommonpointinthe Prophetsmissions,AlmightyAllahsays, Isthenaughtincumbentupontheapostlesexceptaplaindeliveryofthemessage?16:35 Theysaid:OurLordknowsthatwearemostsurelymessengerstoyou.Andnothingdevolveson usbutacleardeliveranceofthemessage.36:167 Infact,theconceptsofthedivineconveyancearetoomanytobediscussedhere.Astheyare citedfromQuranictextsandHadiths,theyformaperfecthypothesis.AlmightyAllahdescribes HisreligionandBookasaconveyance;Thisisaconveyanceforpeopleandthattheymaybe warnedthereby,andthattheymayconceivethatHeisOneAllahandthatthosepossessedof Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

understandingmaymind.14:52TheHolyQuranhasalsobeendescribedasaconveyanceforthe cominggenerationswhowillreceiveIslam; Say:whatistheweightiestintestimony?Say:Allahiswitnessbetweenyouandme;andthis QuranhasbeenrevealedtomethatwithitImaywarnyouandwhomsoeveritreaches.6/19 TheLordpraisedHisProphetsfortheirtrustandcourageinconveyingHismessagesinspiteof peoplesresistanceandmockery; ThosewhodeliverthemessagesofAllahandfearHim,anddonotfearanyonebutAllah;and Allahissufficienttotakeaccount.33:39 AlmightyAllahconsiderstheprocessofreceivingandconveyingthedivinerevelationasoneof themostseriousandcriticalactionsthatrequiredistinctivepersonalitiesandprecisedivine guardianship; TheKnoweroftheunseen!SoHedoesnotrevealHissecretstoanyexcepttohimwhomHe choosesasanapostle;forsurelyHemakesaguardtomarchbeforehimandafterhimsothatHe mayknowthattheyhavetrulydeliveredthemessagesoftheirLord,andHeencompasseswhatis withthem,andHerecordsthenumberofallthings.72/267 TheconveyanceofourProphet(S) ThemostinterestingpointinthisregardintheconveyanceofProphetMuhammad(S)whose missionandresponsibilityisdescribedbyAlmightyAllahas, AndobeyAllahandobeytheApostleandbecautious;butifyouturnback,thenknowthatonlya cleardeliveranceofthemessageisincumbentonOurapostle.5:92 Say:ObeyAllahandobeytheApostle;butifyouturnback,thenonhimreststhatwhichis imposedonhimandonyoureststhatwhichisimposedonyou;andifyouobeyhim,youareon therightway;andnothingrestsontheApostlebutcleardeliveranceofthemessage.24:54 So,iftheysubmitthenindeedtheyfollowtherightway;andiftheyturnback,thenuponyouis onlythedeliveryofthemessage,andAllahseestheservants.3/20 Butiftheyturnaside,Wehavenotsentyouasawatcheroverthem.Onyouisonlytodeliverthe message.42:48 Hence,theLordsentourProphet(S)onthebasesofthedivinemessageformulationand Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

conveyancewithwhichtheProphetsweresent;namely,theruleofsubstantiatingtheLords argumentuponpeoplewhileavoidingcoercingthemtoadmitit.Thisistheverymeaningof AlmightyAllahssaying, Onyouisonlytodeliverthemessage.24:54 TheHolyProphet(S)alsosaid,IhavebeenorderedtofightpeopleuntiltheysayThereisnogod butAllahandiftheysayit,theywillguardtheirsoulsandpropertiesagainstme. ThiscoercionstandsforsubmittingtheChristiansandJewstolivepeacefullywithMuslimsand submittingthepaganistsandpolytheiststoenterthegeneralframeofIslam.Whenoneobeys, anotherdisobeys,athirdonetakestherightpathandafourthdeviates,thisisAllahsconcern, sinceHeistheoneandonlyJudge.Onthataccount,theconveyanceofthedivinemessagewill naturallybeinneedforprotection,otherwisepeopleofQurayshwouldassassinatehim,defame hispromulgationorprecludepeoplefromlisteningtohimaftertheywouldhaverealizedthereal sizeofthedangerthatsuchapromulgationcausesontheirauthorityandgods.Despitethefact thatthesecret,aswellastheseen,divineattentiontotheProphetsisofvariousforms,theLords normaboutHisMessengersistoleavetheirprotectionforthenaturalfactors,yetwithasumof divineattention. Asamatteroffact,thereisnosingleproofontheclaimthattheLordwouldalwaysguaranteeHis Prophetssafetyfrominjuriesorassassination,aswellasanysortofharmtheymightycounterin theirlifetimes. WehavepreviouslyreferredtoreportsrespectingthecontinuityofguardingtheHolyProphet(S) totheendofhishonorablelife.ItistoaddthatheaskedtheArabclanstoguaranteehis protectionforconveyinghisLordsMessage.LetuslistentothisnarrationrecordedbyIbn Husham,inalSirah2/23: Rabi`ahibn`Abbadnarratedthefollowing:IwasayoungboywhenIaccompaniedmyfatherin MinawheretheHolyProphet(S)wasusedtoattendinginthequartersoftheArabclans addressingtothem,IamthemessengerofAllahtoyou.IinstructyoutoworshipAllahalone, avoidassociatingotherswithHim,giveuptheworshipofanythingexceptHim,believeinme,give mecredenceandprotectmesothatIwillbeabletocarrymyLordsMessage.[74] Moreover,manyreportshaveassertedthattheHolyProphet(S),duringthehomageofAnsar, askedthemtoprotecthishouseholdandhimassameastheyprotecttheirfamiliesandsouls.In thisregard,IbnHusham,inalSirah2/38,says: AfterhehadrecitedsomeQuranicVersesandurgedthemtoembraceIslam,theHolyProphet Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

saidtoAnsar,Iconcludewithyouthecovenantthatyoushouldprotectmeassameasyou protectyoursonsandwomen.AlBarra`ibnMu`arwirtooktheHolyProphet(S)shandand shouted,Yes,byHimWhosentyouwiththerightweswearthatwewillprotectyouassameas weprotectourpeople.Confirmyourcovenantwithus,Allahsmessenger!Weare,byAllah,men ofwarsandheroism.Wehavebeeninheritingsofromourgreatfathers.[75] Accordingly,ourclaimhasbeenproven;theHolyProphet(S),followingthepreviousProphets norms,askedforprotectionsothathewouldbeabletocarrythedivinemessage.Ansar contributedinthisprotection.TheLordgavevictorytoHisProphet(S)whodefeatedhis enemiesthepolytheistsandtheJewsandhecouldprevailontheArabPeninsula,Yemen, BahrainandtheGulfuptotheboardersofSyriathreateningtheRomans.InAH10,hewasabout todeparttotheExaltedAssociate.HereceivedSurahofalMa`idahinwhichhewasorderedto conveythemessageandthathewouldbeprotectedagainstpeople.Whatchangesoccurred? WhatmadetheDivineRevelationorderhimtoconveyinthelaststageoftheconveyance?What madetheHolyProphet(S)needforprotectionagainstpeopleafterhehadruledsuchagreat state? Forscholars,itisunsupposedthattheHolyProphet(S)neededaphysicalprotectionsincethe ExaltedLordhadalreadywilleditwouldendurenaturally.Hence,theprotectionintendedinthis regardshouldbemental.Secondly,itisconclusivethattheconveyanceintendedintheVerse shouldstandforaremarkablematterthatitwouldbeverymuchdifficultforpeopletoaccept.It isalsoclearthatpeopleintendedintheVersemusthaveindicatedthehypocrites,noneelse, whopretendedbeingMuslims,becausealltheseriousmattershadbeenalreadyconveyedand themissionhadnothingelsetoconvey.Besides,aftertherevelationofthatVerse,theHoly Prophet(S)didnotdeclareanyexpectedmatter. Consequently,theVersewouldbemeaningless,AlmightyAllahforbid,ifitdidnotrefertothe protectionagainstsuspectingtheHolyProphet(S);somepeoplewoulddoubthimwhenthey wouldlistentohimnominatinghishouseholdasthecomingpoliticalandreligiousleadersofthis nation.ThisistheonlymeaningsupportingthegeneralconceptoftheVerse.Asaninterpretation, letusinterprettheVerseasfollows: OApostle!Youareonlyaconveyorandmessenger.Youarenotresponsibleforthecomingevents orresultssincethisisyourLordsaffair.DeliverwhathadbeenrevealedtoyoufromyourLordvia ArchangelGabrielinthematterconcerning`Ali;thematteryouhavefrequentlyintendedto mentionbutthehypocritespreventedyou.Andifyoudoitnot,thenyouhaveneitherdelivered HismessagenorsubstantiatedyourLordsargumentagainstpeople.Theleadershipofyour progenyisnotapersonalmatter,asthehypocritesthink.Itisabasicpartofthissealing,united epistle.Whenapartfails,themasswillfail. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

Similarly,whenapartoftheclaimfails,theentireclaimwillfail.AndAllahwillprotectyoufrom thepeople;peopleofQurayshwhomaydoubtyouafteryouwillconveythismatterthatisvery difficultforthemtoadmit.Thisprocesswillbecompletedpeacefully.Neitherinterruptionnorwill apostasyoccur;hence,youwillbeseenasaperfectconveyorofyourLordsmessageandyouwill completeyourLordsargumentonyournationaswell.However,`Aliwillrequiretofightthese peoplefortheinterpretingtheQuraninthesamewayasyoufoughtthemforitsrevelation. Surely,Allahwillnotguidetheunbelievingpeoplewhowillwrongyourprogenyafteryouand, subsequently,willwrongyournation.TheywillchangeAllahsfavorintoatheismanddrivethis nationintocombatsandcollapse. PeopleOfQuraysh;TheReasonBeyondTheAdditionalProtection FromtheHolyVerseaswellasvariousnarrations,wecanconcludethattheHolyProphet(S)s conveyanceofhisLordsmessageregardingtheleadershipofhisprogenymighthavecauseda gravequakeintheUmmahandaseriousthreatagainsthisProphethood.Whatarethereason andcircumstancesthatmighthavecausedsuchasweepingcatastrophe?NeithertheArabtribes northeJewsnorcouldtheChristianshaveanyopinionorintrudedthemselvesinthematterof theHolyProphet(S)snominatinghisprogenyashissuccessors.Theonlysourceofdangerthat mighthaveprecludedthisaffairwaspeopleofQuraysh. ItseemedthattheHolyProphet(S)despairedofcarryingontheaffairashehadanticipatedthat peoplewouldapostatizeassoonashewoulddeclareitfranklyandformallybecauseofthetribal structureofQuraysh. Quraysh;TheRootofVillains QurayshitechiefsaretheevilfaceofIshmaelsoffspring;yet,theHolyProphet(S)andAbuTalib, hisuncle,doubtedthosechiefsbelongingtoProphetIsmayl(a.s.).Theyjoinedtheintricate charactersoftheJewstheircousins,tothetyrannyoftheviolentchiefsoftheBedouintribes. ExcepttheHashimitesandafewothers,peopleofQurayshwerethesourceoftyrannyand Satanism.AlmightyAllahhascomparedthosechiefstoPharaoh; SurelyWehavesenttoyouanApostle,awitnessagainstyou,asWesentanapostletoPharaoh. ButPharaohdisobeyedtheapostle,soWelaidonhimaviolenthold.73:156 AshewaswatchingthevictimsofthebattleofBadr,theHolyProphetsaid,Allahmaypunish youtheevilbandbadly.YoubeliedmewhileIamtruetonguedandmistrustedmewhileIam trustworthy.AshiseyesfellonthedeadbodyofAbuJahlibnHusham,hesaid,Thismanismore tyrantthanPharaoh.AsPharaohdespairedofhislife,hesubmittedtoAllah;butwhenthisman despairedofhislife,hecalledforththeidolsLatand`Uzza.[76] Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 IbnHusham,inalSirah3/207,hasrecordedthefollowingsayingofAbuJahl:Sonsof`AbdManaf andwecompetedonhonor;weservedfoodwhentheyhadservedit;wefoughtwhentheyhad fought;wegavewhentheyhadgiven;butwhenwebothhadthesamescaleandbecameliketwo racehorses,theyclaimedaProphet(S)receivingrevelationfromtheheavensamongthem.How canweeverhavesuchaprivilege?Nay,byAllah;wewillneverbelievehimnorwillwegive credencetohim.[77]ThefollowingisquotedfromalQummi,Tafsir1/276: TheHolyProphet(S)addressedtopeopleofQuraysh,TheLordhassentmetodestroythekings ofthiswholeworldanddragtheirrealmstoyou.RespondtowhatIamcallingforthandyouwill bethekingsoftheArabs,andthenonArabswillsubmittoyouandyouwillbekingsinParadise. Outofhisenvy,AbuJahlspoke,OAllah!IfMuhammadswordsaretherightofThee,thenrain skyeystonesuponusorinflictpainfulagonyuponus.Hethenadded,TheHashimitesandwe wereliketworacehorses;wefoughtwhentheyhadfoughtandspearedwhentheyhadspeared andcookedwhentheyhadcooked.Whentheyandwewereofthesamescale,theyclaimeda Prophet(S)amongthem.Nay,wewillneveradmitsuchathingamongtheHashimitesnorsonsof Makhzum. InalMustatraf1/58,alAbshihirecordsthefollowing: MockingatamanfromYemen,Muawiyahsaid,Howillmindedpeopleyourare!Youselecteda womanasyourleader![78]TheYemenianswered,ButIknowpeoplewhoaremoreillminded; theseareyourpeople!WhentheHolyProphet(S)calledyoutoembraceIslam,youanswered,O Allah!IfthisisthetruthofThee,thenrainuswithskyeystonesorinflictpainfulagonyuponus. Youshouldhavesaid,OAllah!IfthisisthetruthofThee,thenguideustoit. InalSiratalMustaqim3/49,alBayadirecordsthefollowing: Muawiyahoncespoke,AllahfavoredpeopleofQurayshinthreethings;Hesays,Andwarnyour nearclans,Surely,itisaremembranceforyouandyourpeople,andFortheprotectionofthe Quraysh.Answeringhim,amanfromAnsarsaid,Slowdown,Muawiyah!Allahsaid,Andyour peoplebeliedit,andyouareoneofhispeople,andsaid,Yourpeopleprecludedagainstit,and youareoneofthosepeople,andsaid,MypeopledesertedthisQuran,andyouareoneofhis people.Thesearethreeforyourthree.Wecanaddifyouadd.Thus,Muawiyahwasashamed. WhenAlmightyAllahinflictedyearsofagonyuponPharaohandhispeople,theyaskedProphet(S) MosestoimploretotheLordforalleviatingtheanguishtheyhadsuffered.Analogously,theHoly Prophet(S)cursedpeopleofQurayshandsupplicatedtoAllahtoinflictyearsofagonyuponthem and,asaresult,theLordresponded;theybecamepoorandsufferedfamineuntiltheyhadtoeat `Alhaz,amixtureofcamelhairandblood.Nevertheless,theyneithersubmittedtotheirLordnor Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

imploredtoHim.AlHakim,inalMustadrak2/394,recordsthefollowing: Ibn`AbbasnarratedthatAbuSufyancametotheHolyProphet(S)andsaid,OMuhammad!I adjureyoubytheLordandthekinship.Wehavehadtoeat`Alhaz.Hence,AlmightyAllah revealed,AndalreadyWeovertookthemwithchastisementbuttheywerenotsubmissivetothe Lord,nordotheyhumblethemselves.23/76 However,thisnarrationhasnotappealedtotheproUmayyadscholarswho,consequently,did nothingtointerpretingthisVerse;rather,theyhaveclaimedtheoppositetheyclaimedthat peopleofQurayshwereactuallysubmissivetotheirLordastheyhumbledthemselvestoHim. Furthermore,theyhaveclaimedthattheHolyProphet(S)blessedthem.Thefollowingnarration, recordedinibnKathirsalSirah6/101,canserveasanexample:WhentheHolyProphet(S) execratedpeopleofQuraysh,theysufferedsuchaharshyearthattookeverythingfromthem. Theyhadtohavebones,dogsand`Alhaz.AbuSufyancametotheHolyProphet(S)andpleased himtosupplicatetoAllahtorelievetheircrisis.TheProphet(S)did,andthecrisiswasrelieved. TheproblemisthatIbnKathirwasfondofAbuSufyanssmell.Asahistorian,hedidrealizethat AbuSufyansattendanceattheHolyProphet(S)occurredonlyaftertheHolyProphet(S)hadfelt pityforpeopleofQurayshandsentthemfoodstuffandsomemoney.Heexpectedthemto submittotheLordandbelieveinHimandHisMessenger;buttheyexploitedthatmercyand selectedAbuSufyanastheirrepresentativetotheHolyProphet(S)toofferaplanof reconciliationthatwasassameastheplansofreconciliationfrequentlysuggestedbytheIsraelis nowadays;however,theirplanwasrejected.Asasecondattempt,AbuSufyansoughtImam`Ali andFatimahalZahra`tointercedeforhim;buttheyrejected,too;therefore,hesuggestedthata treatyofreconciliationwouldberecordedinthenamesofalHasanandalHusaynsothatthey wouldtakeprideinitamongtheArabs.`AliandFatimahalsorejectedandansweredthatthey wouldneverprotectanyoneagainsttheHolyProphet(S). ClansofQuraysh Qurayshwasmorethantwentyclans,namely,sonsofHashimibn`AbdManaf,sonsofUmayyah ibn`AbdShams,Banu`AbdalDaribnQusay,sonsofMakhzumibnYaqazhahibnMurrah,sonsof ZuhrahibnKalab,sonsofAsadibn`Abdal`Uzza,sonsofalHarithibnFihribnMalik,sonsof`Amir ibnLu`ay,sonsofSahmibn`Amr,sonsofJamhibn`Amr,sonsofAnmaribnBughayd,sonsof TaymibnMurrahibnKa`b,sonsof`AdiibnKa`bandothers. Asamatteroffact,themanagementandleadershipwereinthehandsofdefinite,yetaveryfew, clanswhiletherestwereonlyfollowers.AshedescribesthemeetingofDaralNidwah(TheHouse ofCouncil),whichwasheldfordiscussingtheissueoftheHolyProphet(S),IbnHusham,inalSirah 2/331,recordsthefollowing: Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 ThemeetingwasattendedbythecelebritiesofQuraysh.`UtbahibnRabi`ah,ShaybahibnRabi`ah andAbuSufyanibnHarbrepresentedthesonsof`AbdShams.Tuwaymahibn`Adi,Jubayribn MutimandalHarithibn`AmiribnNawfalrepresentedthesonsofNawfalibn`AbdManaf.Al NadribnalHarithibnKildahrepresentedtheBanu`AbdalDaribnQusay.AbulBukhtariibn Husham,ZUmmahibnalAswadibnalMuttalibandHakimibnHuzamrepresentedthesonsof Asadibn`Abdal`Uzza.AbuJahlibnHushamrepresentedthesonsofMakhzum.Nabihibnal HajjajandMunabbihhisbrotherrepresentedthesonsofSahm.UmayyahibnKhalafrepresented thesonsofJamh.Besides,manyotherswereattendant.Somespoke,Youhaveclearlyseenthe actsofthisman.Icannotguaranteethathewillnotleadhisfollowersagainstus.Youshould decidesomethinginthisregard.Astheyconsultedthematter,somesuggestedthattheyshould detainhimandwaitetc. AshereferstothosewhoreadiedtocovertheexpensesofthepolytheistsarmyduringtheBattle ofBadr,ibnHusham,inalSirah2/488,recordsthefollowing: TheQurayshiteswhoundertooktheexpensesofthepolytheistsarmywereal`Abbasibn`Abdal MuttalibibnHashimfromtheHashimitesand`UtbahibnRabi`ahibn`AbdShamsfromthesonsof `AbdShamsibn`AbdManafandaHarithibn`AmiribnNawfalandTuwaymahibn`AdiibnNawfal fromthesonsofNawfalibn`AbdManafandAbulBukhtariibnHushamibnAsadandHakimibn HuzamibnKhuwaylidibnAsadfromthesonsofAsadibn`Abdal`UzzaandalNadribnalHarith ibnKildahibn`Alqamahibn`AbdManaffromthesonsofAbdulDar. ThefollowingistheorderoftheQurayshiteclansdependedby`UmaribnalKhattabinthe recordsofhisgovernmentduringthedistributionoftheimports.Yet,itcanhelpprovethefact thattheseclansstructurewasintenselycomplicatedandthattheHashimiteswerealwaysonthe top. WereadthefollowinginalBayhaqisalSunan6/364: Whenheregisteredtherecordsofhisgovernment,`UmardecidedtobeginwiththeHashimites, IsawtheHolyProphet(S)precedethemandsonsofalMuttalib.Hence,theirnameswere recordedinthetopofthelistandhegavethemequally.Ashenoticedthelineageofsonsof`Abd ShamsandNawfal,`Umaradded,Sonsof`AbdShamsaretheHolyProphet(S)sfullbrothers whilesonsofNawfalarehalfbrothers.Hence,theyshouldbepreceded.Then,helookedupon sonsofAbdal`Uzzaand`AbdalDar,SonsofAsadibn`Abdal`UzzaaretheHolyProphet(S)s maternalrelatives.TheywerewithintheMutayyibin.`UmarthusprecededthemtoBanu`Abd alDar.SonsofZuhrahfollowedBanu`AbdalDar,as`Umarsaw.SonsofTaymandMakhzum camenext,SonsofTaymwereapartyinthetreatyofFudul.Besides,theywerewithinthe MutayyibinamongwhomwastheHolyProphet(S). Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 Finally,theyenjoyedfavors.Accordingly,sonsofTaymwereprecededtosonsofMakhzum.Sons ofSahm,Jamhand`AdiibnKa`bcametherewith.Somesuggestedthatheshouldbeginwithsons of`Adi.No,Ishouldsettlemyselfinitsplace.SonsofSahmandwewereofthesamerankwhen Islamcameforth.YoushouldchoosebetweensonsofJamhandSahminprecedence,`Umar decided.Finally,sonsofJamhwerepreceded.SonsofSahmand`Adiwererecordedunderthe samename.Whentheywereseparated,`Umarshouted,Allahisthegreatest!PraisedbeAllah WhobestowedmemysharefromHisMessenger.Thencamesonsof`AmiribnLu`ay.Abu `Ubaydahibn`AbdullahibnalJarrahalFihriobjectedandblamed`Umarforprecedingallthoseto him.Well,Abu`Ubaydah,said`Umar,youmayeithersuccumb,likewhatIhaddone,oryou shoulddiscussthismatterwithyourpeople.Iwillaccepttheirdecisioniftheyprecedeyouto themselves.Forme,Iwillprecedeyoutosonsof`Adimypeople. InthereignofMuawiyah,sonsofalHarithibnFihrwereprecededandlocatedbetweensonsof `AbdManafandAsadibn`Abdal`Uzza.InthereignofaMahdi,the`Abbasidcaliph,aquarrel occurredbetweensonsofSahmand`Adi.Therefore,theyseparated.Fortheirstanding,alMahdi precededsonsof`Adi. ItisgenerallyadmissiblethattheHashimitesweredistinctiveamongtheotherQurayshiteclans duetotheiruniquementality,behavior,activitiesandvalues.Itisalsoevidentthattheother tribesrespectedthemexclusively.ThiswasthereasonbeyondtheotherQurayshiteclanshaving enviedthem.SincethedaysofHashimand`AbdalMuttalib,theHashimiteswereantagonized.It wasHashimwhoconstitutedtheSummerjourneytoSyria,PalestineandEgyptforpeopleof Quraysh.Hetouredindesertsandcountriesandnegotiatedthechiefsandkingsoftribesand countriesbywhichtheircaravanshadtopass. HeconcludedtreatiesofnonaggressionforconservingsafetyofpeopleofQurayshscaravanswho expressedtheirdelightforthisachievementandtookinitiativeintakingadvantageofit. Nevertheless,theyenviedHashimandhopedhadthatbeentheirownachievementsothatthey wouldhaveobtainedthatpride.HashimhoweverwasdeceasedinGhazaunderobscure circumstances.Yet,hishousewasnotextinguished.`AbdalMuttalib,hisson,couldbethemaster ofhispeoplecontinuinghisfathersachievements.HeconstitutedtheWinterjourneytoYemen aswellasmanytreatiesofnonaggressionwiththechiefsandkingsoftribesandcountriesby whichpeopleofQurayshscaravanspassed.Likehisfather,`AbdalMuttalibtookprideinthisact. Fromthementalside,theclansofQurayshnoticedthattheHashimitesgenerally,and`Abdal Muttalibparticularly,wereusedtotakingprideintheirbeingIshmaelssonsandfollowersof Abrahamscreed,asiftheyweretheonlyoffspringofIshmaelandAbrahamand,inmore concentratingvision,asiftheysuspectedtheotherslineage.AbuTalibandtheHolyProphet(S) appliedthisideainthemosttangibleview.ThechasmbetweentheHashimitesandtheother Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

Qurayshiteclansincreasedlargelywhen`AbdalMuttalibclaimedreceivingdivineinspirationvia thetruecomingdreams.Once,heinformedhispeoplethattheLordhadorderedhimtodigthe wellofZamzam,whichwasderelictlongtimeago. Whenhedug,waterspranganewbythepermissionofAllahtheExaltedandhecouldfindtwo goldenstatuesontheformofgazellethere.`AbdalMuttalibadornedthegateoftheHolyKa`bah withthesetwogoldenstatuesaddinganewfeaturetohimwhoexclusivelytookthetaskof servingthepilgrimswithfood.HewasnamedthewatererofthepilgrimsandtheHolyPrecinct duetothescarcityofwateratthattime. WhentheAbyssinianarmywereontheirwaytowardstheHolyKa`bah,`AbdalMuttalibtold peoplethattheywouldnevertouchitsinceAlmightyAllahwoulddefeatthem.Thisprophesy cametruewhenAlmightyAllahrainedthearmyofAbyssiniawithtinybirdsthatcastthemwith backedstones;hence,Hecausedthemtobelikearuinednest.AsifhewasaProphet(S),oran introducertoaProphet(S),`AbdalMuttaliblegislatedanumberoflawsandregulations.He issuedthattheritualCircumambulationoftheHajjshouldbeseventimes.AssomeoftheArabs wereusedtogoingaroundtheHolyKa`bahnaked,becausetheypresumedtheprofanityoftheir clothes,`AbdalMuttalibprohibitedthispractice. Hewarnedpeopleagainstburyingtheshebabiesalive.Heissuedtheobligationoffulfillingthe vowsandrespectingtheholymonths.Heprohibitedwinesandfornicationandconstituteda definitepunishmentfortheperpetratorsofsuchasin.Hebanishedthenotoriousprostitutesout ofMakkah,prohibitedthemarriageofthebloodrelations,issuedthepunishmentofcuttingthe larcenershandsandfinallyconstitutedunmercifulregulationsagainstthemurderers.He identifiedonehundredcamelstobepaidasthebloodmoneyofbloodshed.Alltheprevious regulationsandlawsarelegislatedinIslam. `AbdalMuttalibenjoyedthegreatesthonoramongQurayshaswellastheotherArabtribes;he thereforewasenviedexcessivelybytheQurayshitechiefswhodraggedhimtobetheotherparty inacontestforshowingthemosthonorablebythegovernanceofpriests.Asanewproperty, AlmightyAllahcaused`AbdalMuttalibtoovercometwiceincreasinghisstandingandgood reputationamongpeople. ThematterthatmostarousedtheQurayshitechiefsagainst`AbdalMuttalibwastheaccidentof providingoneofhissonsasasacrificefortheLordoftheHolyKa`bah,justlikeProphetAbraham (a.s.)hisforefather.Hence,theQurayshitechiefscouldnotenjoyamomentofrelief. Assoonas`AbdalMuttalibdepartedlife,AbuTalib,theson,takingtheplaceofhisfatherand grandfather,becamethechiefofhispeopleaswellastheotherArabtribes.Hepreservedhis fathersmaxims.DuringthereignofAbuTalib,thegrandestdoleontheQurayshitechiefstook Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

place;Muhammad,AbuTalibsnephew,claimedProphethoodanddemandedwithbelievingand complyingwithhim.ThisdolefortheQurayshitechiefsexpandedwhenanumberofthe HashimitesandsonsofalMuttalibbelievedinhimandAbuTalibdeclaredhisresponsibilityof protectinghimduringtheconveyanceofhisLordsmessage.Healsothreatenedpeopleof QurayshasweepingwariftheywouldtouchasinglehairofMuhammad(S).Sparingnoeffortsin supportinghisnephew,AbuTalibstoodinthefaceofthecabalsmanagedbytheQurayshite chiefs.HealsocomposedpoemsthroughwhichhedivulgedtheillintentionsoftheQurayshite chiefsandsuspectedtheirbelongingnesstoProphetIsmayl(a.s.).Hispoemsofglorifying Muhammad(S)andreproachingtheQurayshitechiefswerecarriedtotheotherArabtribes.Abu TalibnamedAbulHakam,thechiefofBanuMakhzum,asthetinyignorantofMakhzum,while theHolyProphet(S)namedhimAbuJahlmanofignorance. InspiteoftheirvariousattemptstoinciteandthreatenAbuTalibandhisnephew,peopleof QurayshfailedtoachieveanyprogressindefeatingthatdivineProphethood.Theythendecided topersecuteanyMuslimtheywouldcatch;therefore,mostofMuslimsfledtoAbyssiniabringing anewdisappointmentfortheQurayshitechiefs. AccompaniedbysonsofKinanah,theQurayshitechiefsdecidedtobesiegetheHashimites.They arrestedtheminacolforthreeorfouryears.Yet,throughamiracle,theLordundidtheir blockade.WhentheHashimiteslostAbuTalib,peopleofQurayshdecidedtoassassinate Muhammad(S)sincehehadlosttheprotector;butAlmightyAllahdisappointedtheirconsensus andorderedHisMessengertomovetoYathribthecitythatmostofitspeopleembracedand admittedIslam. BesidestheJews,theQurayshitechiefsusedallmeanstoinstigateorthreatpeopleofalMadinah togiveuptheHolyProphet(S);yet,theyfailedbecausethatcity,whichwassituatedonthemain wayoftheireconomicexchangewithSyriaandtheneighboringterritories,compliedwiththe HolyProphet(S)fromtoptobottom. Inconclusion,theydecidedtodeclarewaragainstthatHashimiteindividual;theytherefore foughtagainsthiminBadr,UhudandaKhandaq;yet,theyfailed,asusual.Theyalsofailedwhen theyusedtheJews,theRomansandthePersiansagainsthim. Unexpectedly,ProphetMuhammad(S)surprisedthemwhenheconqueredtheircapital,Makkah, withgreatnumbersofunbeatablesoldiersinAH8.So,peopleofQurayshhadtosurrenderand submittohim.TheyformedtwolinestowatchtheparadeoftheHolyProphet(S)andhisarmy. Thestandardofconquestwasraisedby`AbdullahibnRuwahah,theyoungmanfromtheYemeni tribeofalKhazraj.Hewasshoutingwithapoem: Osonsofatheists!Clearthewaytohim Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

Today,wewillstrikeyoufortherevelation Soabruptlythatyourheadswillberemoved Andfriendswillbeengagedagainsttheirrevered MyLord!Idobelieveinhismission. Havingfeltjealoustohearthat,`Umarshoutedatthepoet,SonofRuwahah!IsitbeforetheHoly Prophet(S)andinAllahsPrecinctyouarepoetizing?ButtheHolyProphet(S)intruded,Leave himalone,`Umar!Theseversesaremorepiercingthanspearheads.[79] `UmarintendedtorelievetheQurayshitechiefsdefeatandtoavoidchallengingthemintheir capital.Itisworthmentioningthat`Umarwasthesonofthatworthlessclanof`Adiandwas broughtuponrespectfortheQurayshitechiefs.FortheHolyProphet(S),thosedespoticchiefs understoodnothingotherthantheproseofswordsandthat`AbdullahibnRuwahahsacthad beenquitecorrectandhighlyappreciatedbyAlmightyAllahsinceitwasmorepiercinguponHis foesthanspearheads.

ConquestofMakkahBewilderstheJurisprudents TheHolyProphet(S)hadsecuredpeopleofQurayshbeforehegatheredtheirchiefsintheHoly MosqueundertheswordsofAllahssoldiers.Heremindedthemofmanythings;theirarrogance, tyranny,belyingthemiraclesandportentsofAllah,dissentingAllahandHisMessengerand persecutingtheHashimitesandMuslimsinadditiontotheirconflictsandcabalsagainstIslamand Muslims. ReadthefollowingasquotedfromalTabarisTarikh2/337: IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofQatadahalSadusithattheHolyProphet(S),duringthe conquestofMakkah,stoodonthegateoftheHolyKa`bahandsaid,ThereisnogodbutAllah, alonewithnoassociate.HefulfilledHispromise,grantedvictorytoHisservantand,alone, defeatedtheparties(ofthepolytheists).Anyclaimedrevengeorpropertymustbeundermyfeet exceptthecustodyoftheHouseofAllahandthewateringofthepilgrims.OpeopleofQuraysh! AllahhassavedyoufromthepracticesofJahiliyahandtakingprideintheforefathers.Allpeople belongtoAdamandAdamwascreatedfrommud.Opeople!Wehavecreatedyoufrommale Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

andfemale,andWehavemadeyoupeoplesandtribessothatyouwillassociateeachother.The mosthonorableofyoutoAllahisbeingthemostcarefulofhisduty.OpeopleofQurayshand peopleofMakkah!Whatdoyouexpectmetodowithyou?Good!Youarebutagenerous brotherandthesonofagenerousbrother,answeredthey.Gofree!Youarereleased, respondedtheHolyProphet(S). AftertheyhadbeenwithinthespoilsofwarthattheHolyProphet(S)hadtherighttopossess, peopleofQurayshweremanumittedandreleased.Hence,theyarecalledthereleased. ThisfactperplexedtheproQurayshitejurisprudents.Areleaseoccursonlyaftercaptureand enslavement.ThisproposesthatthosepeopleweremanumittedbytheHolyProphet(S)whohad enslavedthem.Accordingly,theyshouldbethefellowsandsubjectsofhisfamilyforgood.Their beingMuslimssavedthemfrombeingsentencedtodeathpenaltyonly.Itdidnotcanceltheir beingenslaved;yet,thisrulingisdedicatedtothem.AccordingtotherulingsofjihadandIslamic conquest,suchrulingsareinactive.ThefollowingisasketchoftheHolyProphet(S)spractices: TenthousandMuslimsundertheHolyProphet(S)sleadershipsurroundedMakkah.Peopleof Qurayshweretoofrightenedtocounterthatarmy.AsanIslamicrule,peopleofMakkah,ifthey wereJewsorChristians,shouldchooseoneofthree;becomeMuslims,fightagainsttheMuslim armyordefraythetribute(Jizyah)andkeeptheirreligion.Astheywerepolytheists,theyhadonly twochoices;eithertochooseforIslamortofight.TheyhoweverchoseforIslamunderthe menaceofswords.TheyshouldhavebeentreatedasMuslims,buttheHolyProphetsubmitted themtotherulingsoftheprisonersofwarandthenreleasedthem.Thissortofreleaseis unfamiliarforMuslimjurisprudents;aprisonerofwarshouldbekilled,releasedorcompensated. Therulingofthereleasewithoutmanumissionorcompensationisdedicatedtothepeopleof QurayshduringtheconquestofMakkah. Anotherjurisprudentialunsolvedproblemcomestothesurface;theHolyProphet(S)sdecisionof excluding,frompunishment,everyonewhowouldstayhome,throwhisweaponorjoinAbu SufyanshousedidnotconditionthatsuchpeopleshoulddeclarebeingMuslims. ThethirdquestiontherulingsregardingthelandsofMakkahaboutwhichtherearemany probabilities,suchasthattheyarenotpossessedbecausetheyarewithintheholyHouseofAllah, theywereconqueredandthusallMuslimshaverightsinthemforever,Theyhadbeenpossessed bypeopleofQurayshsincetheychooseforIslambutpeoplepurchasedsomefromtheirowners lateron.Inmyconception,thelandsofMakkahshouldbeoutofpossessionbecausetheyare underthecustodyoftheHolyProphet(S)andtheHolyImams,whiletheHolyProphet(S)s decisionofsavingthesoulsofthosepreviouslymentionedpeoplewasmeresalvationfromkilling. HisamnestytopeopleofQurayshmeansthattheywillbealwayshisenslavedindividualswho Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

enjoydefiniterulingsaccordingtothelawsofIslam.Hereleasedtheminthesamewayasa mastersaystohisslaves,Goanddowhateveryoulike.However,they,aswellastheirprogeny, arestilldecidedasslavesofthatmasterandhisheirs.Inotherwords,hedidnotmakethem chooseeitherIslamorfighting;yet,theywerecompelledtoadefinitechoiceandtheythuswere overcomeandcaptured. TheHolyProphet(S)regardedthemasMuslimswhenheorderedthemtotakepartintheBattle ofHunaynandwhenheorderedtheirwomentopayhomagetohim.Onotheroccasions,they wereregardedaspolytheistswhentheirsonsandslaveswhocouldfindtheirwayouttotheHoly Prophet(S)aftertheconquestofMakkahwerenotgivenbacktothem: ThefollowingisrecordedinNahjalBalaghah3/30: Imam`Ali(a.s.)answeredMuawiyahsaying: YouthinkthatsoandsoandsoandsoarethemostdistinguishedpersonsinIslam.Youhavesaid suchathingwhichifitbetrue,youhavenothingtodowithit,butifitbenot,thenitsdefectwill notaffectyou.Andwhatareyoutodowiththequestionofwhoisbetterandwhoisworse,or whoistherulerandwhoistheruled.Whathavethereleasedonesandtheirsonstodowith distinguishingbetweenthefirstMuhajirunanddeterminingtheirpositionordefiningtheirranks. Whatapity!Thesoundofanarrowisbeingproducedbywhatisnotarealarrow,andheagainst whomthejudgementistobepassedissittinginjudgement.Oman,whydoyounotseeyourown lamenessandremainwithinbounds?Andwhydonotyourealizetheshortnessofyourmeasure andstaybackwheredestinyhasplacedyou?Youhavenoconcernwiththedefeatofthedefeated orthevictoryofthevictor. AlKulayni,inalKafi3/512,recordsthefollowing: ThelandsofthosewhochoseforIslamwillinglyshouldbekeptintheirhands.Whateverisseized byforceshouldbelongtotheImamandthenthedecisionishis.ThusdidtheHolyProphet(S)do tothelandsofKhaybar.WhenthepeopleofalTa`ifbecameMuslims,theywereimposedtopay thetitheanditshalf.MakkahwasconqueredbytheHolyProphet(S);therefore,itspeoplearehis prisoners.Hemanumittedthemandsaid,Gofree!Youarereleased. SunnijurisprudentshavedecidedpeopleofQurayshasMuslims;therefore,theyappliedthemto therulingsofMuslims,butwhentheyareaskedaboutthereleasedandwhethertheyandtheir landsareappliedtotherulingsofwarornot,theyclaimthatsucharightisgivenexclusivelyto theHolyProphet(S)! LetusreadthefollowingasquotedfromalShafi`isKitabalUmm7/382:AlAwza`isaysthatthe Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

HolyProphet(S)conqueredMakkahbyforceandpermittedMuhajiruntooccupytheirown housesandlandsthere;yet,hedidnotconsiderthemasspoils. AbuYusufsaysthattheHolyProphet(S)pardonedpeopleofMakkahwhenhedeclaredthat everyonewhowouldkeephimselfinhishouseorjointheMosqueorAbuSufyanshousewould besafe.Heaskedhisarmynottokillanybodyexceptcertainnamesorincaseofdefense.He gatheredthemintheMosqueandsaid,Whatdoyouexpectmetodowithyou?Good.Youare thegenerousbrotherandthesonofthatgenerousbrother,repliedthey.Gofree!Youare released,saidtheHolyProphet(S).Hethusdidnotregardanypartoftheirpossessionsasspoils. IhavealreadysaidthattheHolyProphet(S)inthisissueisnotlikeothers.Hisactsshouldbe carefullyunderstoodbecausetheyhavevariousmeanings. Inotherwords,theHolyProphet(S)disregardedtherulingsofIslamwhenhedidnotaddthe landsofMakkahwiththespoilsofwaranddidnotenslaveitspeople.Hepardonedthemand acceptedtheirbeingMuslims.ThisrulingishowevervalidfortheHolyProphet(S),noneelse,and consequently,itisprohibitedforanyconquerortoimitatetheHolyProphet(S)inthisregard! Thus,theyclaimthatherespectedpeopleofQurayshwhenhetreatedthemindividually. Nevertheless,toadoptthisopinion,Sunnijurisprudentshavetomovethisobstacle,whichisyet immovable!WhataboutthenameofreleasedthattheHolyProphetstampedonthenecksof peopleofQurayshandtheirpartisans?Actually,itbefitstheslavesonly. SomeNasibis[80]haveunderstoodthattheproblemofQurayshwiththeAhlalBaytwould enduringlyremainunsettledaslongasthenameofreleasediskeptasamarkontheir foreheads.ThisnamemeansthattheyhavebecometheslavesoftheHolyProphet(S)andhis householdandprogenyandthathehadonlyreleased,notmanumittedthemfromslavery.Evenif theyweremanumitted,theymustbealwaysloyaltotheHolyProphet(S)andhishousehold. However,Sunnischolarshavealwaysattemptedtoerasethenameofreleasedinorderthatthey mightreleasepeopleofQurayshfromtheirslaverytotheHolyProphet(S)andhishousehold. ShaykhNasiralDinalAlbaniexposeshisreluctantfanaticismtopeopleofQurayshwhenhe regardsthenarrationinvolvedasdoubtful! InSalsalatalAhadithalDa`ifah3/307alAlbaniliststhenarrationundernumber1163and comments: ThisdoubtfulnarrationhasbeenrecordedinibnIshaqsalSirah4/312.AlTabari,inTarikh3/120, hasrecordedit,too.AshehasrecordeditinalBidayahwalNihayah4/3001,IbnKathirhasnot commentedwithanything.ItishoweverdoubtfulandsuspendedsinceIbnIshaqhasnotnamed themanfromwhomhereceivedit.Inaddition,thenarratorisnotoneoftheSahabah;rather,he hasreceivedthereportfromtheSahabahsfollowers.Hence,thenarrationisincompletely Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

transmittedorevenunsound. ItseemsthatalAlbanihasnotseentheotherreferencebooksofHadithinwhichthisreporthas beenrecorded.Similarly,hecouldnotperceivethatscholarsandjurisprudentshavedealtwith thisreportasundeniablefact.Wewonderifitwassuchanextremehistoricalblemishor fanaticismtopeopleofQurayshthatmadehimattempttodenythisfact.Itmightbeanattempt tosavethemfromthateverlastingnameoftheirslaverytotheHolyProphet(S)andhis household. TheissueishowevertoocertainandfamoustoallMuslimschoolstobedenied.Thename releasedissaidexclusivelytopeopleofQurayshandfrequentlyusedinthereferencebooksof Hadith.Moreover,ithashadcertainrulingsdiscussedbymasterjurisprudents. ThefollowingisnarratedbyalBukhari,inalSahih5/1056: TenthousandwarriorsinadditiontothereleasedwerewiththeHolyProphet(S)duringthebattle ofHunayn;yet,theyranawayetc. Muslim,inalSahih3/106,haswrittendownthefollowing: Thereleasedwerewithhim;yet,theyflewandheremainedaloneetc.[81] Iftruthbetold,theHashimitesonlystoodfirmandfoughtwiththeHolyProphet(S)intheBattle ofHunayn.InalMusnad4/363byAhmad,thefollowingisrecorded:TheHolyProphetsaid: MuhajirunandAnsararethefriendsofeachother.TheQurayshitereleasedonesandthe manumittedonesofThaqifarethefriendsofeachotheruntiltheResurrectionDay. AlHakim,inalMustadrak4/80andalHaythami,inMajma`alZawa`id10/15havedecidedthe authenticityofthepreviousreport,whichhasbeenalsoauthenticatedbyIbnQudamah:al Mughni7/321,alSarkhasi:alMabsut10/39,Ahmad:alMusnad3/279,alBayhaqi:alSunan 6/306,8/266and9/118andalMuttaqialHindi:Kanzal`Ummal12/86and5/735wherehe recordsthefollowing:`Umarstated,Thisaffairshouldneverbeheldbythereleasedandsonsof thereleased.Ifyouwillnotkeepit,donotthinkthat`AbdullahibnRabi`ahwillbeinattentive. PeopleofQurayshAftertheConquestofMakkah TherestoftheQurayshitetyrantsandthereleasedoneshadtobeMuslims.Nevertheless,the feelingsofmaliceandarrogancewereconfinedinthehiddensofmost,ifnotall,ofthem.Onthe otherside,theyfoundanewexit!TheyclaimedthatthegovernmentofMuhammadshouldbe theirssincehewasthatgenerousmanandthesonofthatgenerousman.Similarly,theyadhered Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

tothestatementsthatMuhammadsnobilityandprideweretheirssincehewasthesonof Quraysh.Afterall,theHolyProphet(S)pardonedthemandpermittedtheirchiefstoenterhis state;therefore,itisillogicalforthemtofightorstandagainstorleavethatgovernmentinthe handsofthestrangersthepeopleofthetribesofAwsandKhazraj.Likewise,thequestionof Muhammadssuccessioncanbediscussedsinceitwasaninternalaffair! ItisquiteunderstandablethatpeopleofQurayshdirectedtheireffortstowardsthecoming stageafterMuhammadsdeparture.Themostsignificantaimtheyhadtotreatwasprecluding himfromnominatingtheHashimitesforthenextleadership.Theyexpressedthistrendinafew words;forbiddingtheHashimitesfromjoiningtheleadershiptotheProphethood.Theydecided thatthepositionofleadershipshouldbetheshareoftheQurayshiteclansotherthanthe HashimiteswhohadalreadyenjoyedthepositionofProphethoodrestrictively. Furthermore,manytextsandconfessionsleadtothefactthatpeopleofQurayshexertedall efforts,onboththeexternalandinternalfronts,soastoimplementthisplan.Yet,mostofthem despairedoftheHolyProphet(S)sgrantingthemanyamountintheleadershipbecausehehad beenworkingpracticallyforpreparinghishouseholdforthisposition.Onthataccount,they plottedforassassinatinghim.Theywentonthatassoonastheyhadanopportunity.TheBattleof Hunaynwastheexcellentopportunity! TheQurayshitetyrantshaveneverbelievedintheHolyProphet(S).Aftertheyhaddeclaredtheir beingMuslimsandvolunteeredtojointheHolyProphet(S)inhiswaragainstthetribesof HawazinandGhatafaninHunayn,theyflewattheinitialthrowofspears.Theyweretwo thousandwarriorswhiletheHolyProphet(S)ssoldiersweretenthousand.TheQurayshitetyrants werethemainreasonbeyondthedefeatofMuslimsduringthatbattle.Theyurgedtheothersto fleeasexactlyaswhathadhappenedduringtheBattleofUhud. Predictably,theHashimitesweretheonlywarriorswhostoodfastwiththeHolyProphet(S).They foughtsocourageouslythattheycouldfacetheattack.Onlythen,afewnumbersofthefleeing MuslimsreturnedtothebattlefieldandAllahgavethemvictory. AtthesametimeasMuslimswerefleeing,peopleofQurayshplottedanumberofprocesses aimedatassassinatingtheHolyProphet(S),provingthattheyhadalreadyplannedformany thingswiththeenemies. IbnKathirwhoisaffectionatelyfondofpeopleofQurayshandtheUmayyads,hasrecorded,inal Sirah3/691,thefollowingsayingofhisdear,alNudayribnalHariththechiefof`AbdalDar. AlNudayribnalHarithibnKildahwasafamousfoeoftheHolyProphet(S).Duringthebattleof Hunayn,hejoinedhispeoplewhowerestillkeepingtheirbeliefs.Hespoke,Weintendedto Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

attackMuhammadassoonasHawazinwouldbeathim.But,wecouldnotdoit.Whenweresided inalJarranah,theProphet(S)calledatmewhileIwasstillkeepingmybeliefs,OalNudayr!MayI guideyoutoapracticemorebeneficialforyouthanthatyouhadintendedduringtheBattleof Hunayn,buttheLordstoppedyou?Icametohimsohurriedly.Now,itisthepropertimeto understandtheinfirmityofyourpreviousintention,saidtheProphet(S).Iconfessed,Yes, indeed.IknowthathadtherebeenagodotherthanAllah,hewouldhaveinfluenced.Ideclare thatthereisnogodbutAllah,alonewithoutassociate.Then,theProphetsupplicatedtoAllah saying,OAllah,supplyhimwithmoresteadfastness. Sincethatday,Ifeelmyheartbeingasfirmasarock.TheProphet(S)thensaid,Praisebeto AllahWhoguidedhim. ItisclearlynoticeablethatthepreviouswordsofthisQurayshitechiefinvolvehisdeclarationand claimofbelievinginAllahtheExalted.Amansdeclarationissufficientevidence.Itisalso noticeablethathedeclaredthefirstcreedofIslamonlyandneglectedtheother,whichisthe declarationofMuhammadsdivineProphethood.Aclaimisnotprovableunlessotherstestifyit. ThisrecognitionprovesthattheirpretensetobeMuslimsonthedayoftheconquestofMakkah hadbeenfalse.Twothousandwarriorswereunderthecommandmentofthischiefduringthe BattleofHunaynwhilehewasplanningforassassinatingtheHolyProphet(S). Thisindicatesthatallthewarriorswerepartiesinthatplot.Inaddition,thesewordsrevealthat theyhadactuallyimplementedprocessesofassassinatingtheHolyProphet(S)buttheiractivities werefailedbytheLordandcommunicatedtotheHolyProphet(S).Othernarrationshave attestedthattheQurayshitechiefs,duringtheflightofMuslimsintheBattleofHunayn,couldno longerkeepthesecret;therefore,theyshoutedoftheirrootedatheismanddivulgedtheir intentions.WereadthefollowingfromIbnHushamsalSirah4/46: WhenMuslimsfled,somepeopleofQurayshcouldnolongerhidemalicethatdisturbedtheir hearts.AbuSufyanibnHarbshouted,whilepiecesofpaganswerekeptinhisbag,Letthembe throwninthesea. JibillahibnalHanbalandSafwanibnUmayyah,thepolytheists,shouted,Sorceryhascertainly failed!Shaybahibn`UthmanibnAbiTalhah,whosebrotherwaskilledintheBattleofUhud, cried,Today,IwillretaliateuponMuhammad.Today,IwillkillMuhammad.He,lateron, narrated,IsearchedfortheProphet(S)asIintendedtokillhim.Butsomethingstrangelocked myheart;therefore,IrealizedthatIwouldneverhavetheabilitytokillhim. Moreover,Shaybah,aMuslimleaderandsonofQuraysh(thestrivingfaithfulandMuslimtribe!), confessedthathewentaroundtheProphetseveraltimetokillhim. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 Adeeplookintheidentities,waysofthinkingandinterestsoftheQurayshitechiefsclearly exposestheirhypocrisyandthattheyhaddecidedtobelietheportentsandmiraclesintroduced byMuhammad(S)andgainsayallthehumanitarianvaluesandnormsforwhichhecalled.They alsodecidednottojoinhisreligioninanycaseexceptwhentheywouldbethreatenedbyswords orwhenhisstatewouldbeintheirhands. NosinglemeansdidtheysavewhentheyfoughttheHolyProphet(S).Regardless,theyhadtofail and,finally,weredefeated.Asasecondstage,theycontinuedplottingcabalsandattemptingto assassinatehim,buttheyfailed,too.Then,theycametohimdemandingwithapositionof leadershipinhisstate,buttheyfailed,asusual.Atlength,theyclaimedthattheyhadtherightto betherulersofhisgovernmentsincetheywerehispeople.Inpointoffact,suchsortofpeople whopredominatedontheIslamicStateandprecludedtheAhlalBaytfromtheleadership requiresadiscerningstudy. InManaqibAliAbiTalib2/239,IbnShahrashubrecords:InTanzihalAnbiya`167,SharifAl Murtadacomments: AssoonastheHolyProphet(S)nominated`AliibnAbiTalibforthenextleadership,agroupof Qurayshitepeoplecameandsaid,PeoplehavenolongspaninIslam.Theywillnotaccepttosee yourcousin`AliibnAbiTalibbetheirleaderwhileyouweretheProphet(S).Youmayissue anotherdecision.TheHolyProphet(S)replied,ThatwasnotmydecisionsothatImaycancel.It istheLordsdecision.ItisHeWhoorderedmetodeclareit.Theythensuggested,Wellthen. YoumayaddamanfromQurayshtohimsothatpeoplewillbesatisfiedandyouraffairswillbe affirmative.Soonafterwards,AlmightyAllahrevealed,Surely,ifyouassociate,yourworkwould certainlycometonaughtandyouwouldcertainlybeofthelosers.39/65 Ithasbeennarratedontheauthorityof`Abdal`AimalHasanithatImamalSadiqsaid,People ofQurayshwereundertheleadershipofamanfromthetribeof`Adiwhentheyappearedbefore theHolyProphet(S)andsaid,Wehaveabandonedourpaganismandfollowedyou.Letushavea partintheleadershipyouhavegivento`Ali.Hence,AlmightyAllahrevealed,Surely,ifyou associate,yourworkwouldcertainlycometonaughtandyouwouldcertainlybeofthelosers. 39:65 PeopleofQurayshGatherAroundSuhaylIbn`Amr DespitetheunfaithfulsituationsshownbypeopleofQurayshaftertheconquestofMakkah,the HolyProphet(S)putfortheffortsforacquiringtheirloyaltybydignifyingandwelcomingthem.He donatedthemthegreatestsharesofthespoilsandpromisedtodonatemoreinthefuture providedthattheywouldshowfidelityandgoodmanners. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 Notfortheirappreciation,theLordadvisedHisMessengertousetheilluminationoftranquility andbenevolencetofacetheintricacyandnarrowmindednessofthosetyrantpeopleforsakeof thecominggenerations.Meanwhile,thechiefshipofAbuSufyanretracted,andhecouldkeep nothingotherthanhisfalsefameofcombatingMuhammad(S).AbuSufyanschiefshipwasfitin warsandtrade,notinsituationsofpeaceandpoliticalactivities.Afterhehadbeendefeatedin theconquestofMakkah,AbuSufyanresidedinalMadinahandaskedtheHolyProphet(S)to appointhimastaxcollector. Suhaylibn`Amrwasselectedastheverythinkerandpoliticianwhomightregainthegloriesof Qurayshafterthemilitarydownfall.Nottoolong,hebecametheonlypivotaroundwhompeople ofQurayshrotatedandtheonlyheirofthosechiefswhomwerekilledbyMuhammadandhis Lord.Althoughhewasoneofthesonsof`AmiribnLu`aywhowereagradelowerthansonsof Ka`bibnLu`ay,asIbnHushamassertsinalSirah2/489,Suhaylibn`Amribn`AbdShamsibn`Abd WiddwasafullbloodedQurayshite.HehadlongstorieswithMuhammadandoneofthechiefs whonegotiatedAbuTalibinrespectofMuhammadsProphethood.Hewasalsoamemberinal NidwahConferencewhentheydecidedtoimposeacomprehensivesiegeupontheHashimites.He wasalsoamemberoftheplotofassassinatingtheHolyProphet(S)duringhisjourneytoalTa`if andheparticipatedinthedecisionofbanishingMuhammadoutofMakkahandkillinghimifhe wouldreturn.Finally,herejectedtoprotecttheHolyProphetsothathewouldbeinMakkahfor conveyinghisLordsmessages.[82] Furthermore,SuhaylwasoneoftheplannerstokillMuhammad(S)afterAbuTalibsdeceaseuntil hisLordsavedhimthroughtheimmigrationtoYathribandoneofthosewhodetainedand torturedtheearlierMuslims,includinghissonAbuJandal.Hewasalsooneofthecommandersof thepolytheistsarmyduringtheBattleofBadrandoneofthosewhounderwenttheexpensesof thearmy.HeexertedallpossibleeffortsinburningtheHolyProphet(S)sheartthroughpracticing misbehaviors;therefore,AlmightyAllahcursedhimandorderedHisProphet(S)tocurseand mentionhimbynameindisfavorduringhisprayers.InadditiontothebattlesofUhudandal Khandaq,SuhaylspenthiswealthonrecruitingpeopleagainsttheHolyProphet(S)duringwars. AlDhahbi,inSiyarA`lamalNubala`1/194,recordsthefollowing: Suhaylibn`Amr,nicknamedAbuYazid,wasthebestspeakerofQurayshandoneoftheir celebrities.HecouldescapewhenhewascapturedintheBattleofBadr.InMakkah,hespoke urgingpeopleonpartakinginthewarsagainsttheHolyProphet(S).Hesaid,OsonsofGhalib! AreyougoingtoletMuhammadandhistraitorousfollowersseizeyourcaravans?Thiswealthis forthosewholackwealthandthispowerisforthosewholackpower.However,Suhaylwas benevolent,generousandwellspoken.WhentheProphet(S)departedlife,Suhayladdresseda speechsimilartothatofAbuBakralSiddiqinalMadinah.Hiswordscontributedinappeasing Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

peopleandenhancingIslam. PeopleofQurayshselectedSuhaylibn`AmrtorepresenttheminthetruceofHudaybiyyah.He protestedagainstwritingdowntheMessengerofAllahastheHolyProphet(S)ssignature.He signedonitonbehalfofallQurayshites.Finally,hewasoneoftheleadersofpolytheismabout whomAlmightyAllahhassaid,Fightleadersofpolytheism.9/12Thus,hisfalseconversionto IslamshouldneverchangeanythingoftheHolyVersesofAlmightyAllah. AlSanani,inTafsir1/242,hasrecordedthefollowing: IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofQatadahthattheHolyVerse,Fightleadersofpolytheism. 9/12intendedAbuSufyanibnHarb,UmayyahibnKhalaf,`UtbahibnRabi`ah,AbuJahlandSuhayl ibn`Amr. AftertheconquestofMakkah,SuhaylpreferredtostayinMakkahandrefusedtomovetoal Madinahlikemostofthereleasedones.Duetohisarroganceandlonghistoryofstruggleagainst theHolyProphet(S),hedidnotdaretoaskforapositionintheHolyProphet(S)sState.Whilehe rejectedtheHolyProphet(S)sphilanthropicpresentduringtheyearsofdesiccationand starvationsufferedbypeopleofQurayshbyvirtueoftheHolyProphet(S)scursingthem,Suhayl acceptedtheonehundredcamelspresentedtohimasspoilsoftheBattleofHunayn. FortheQurayshitepeopleandtheiradorers,thislonghistorywasasbrightasdaylightsun,butfor AllahandHisMessenger,itwasasblackasgloomynight.The(Muslim)Qurayshitesvotedfor SuhaylsleadershipaftertheconquestofMakkahforthepreviouslineage,historyandsituations. Howmiserablethehistoriansare!AndwoeistheadorersofpeopleofQurayshinthisregard! WhereastheHolyProphet(S)nominated`AttabibnUsaydalUmawiandamanfromAnsarasthe rulersofMakkah,peopleofQurayshpreferredandcompliedwithSuhayl.Thisfactisevidencedby thestorythatassoonastheHolyProphet(S)wasdeceased,peopleofQurayshdissentedand relinquishedIslam.Although,hewasaQurayshiteindividual,`Attabhadtohidehimselfbecause heexpectedthathewouldbeassassinated.Afewdayslater,theyreceivedthetranquilnewsof thehomagetoAbuBakr,sonofTaym.Theycalmeddownbecausetheyrealizedthatnoneofthe Hashimiteswouldbetheleader.ThisiswhySuhaylrepeatedthesamewordsofAbuBakrwho intendedtosaythatwhoeverworshippedMuhammadmustunderstandthatMuhammadhas died.We,theotherparty,donotworshipMuhammadwhowasnomorethanamessengerwho carriedthemessageandpassedaway.MuhammadwasthesonofQurayshandhisauthority shouldbeheldbyhispeoplepeopleofQurayshwhoselectedaleader,namely,AbuBakr.You allshouldthuslistenandobey. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

Asaconsequence,SuhaylrelievedpeopleofQurayshbycarryingtothemthenewsthatthe leadershipwouldbeattheirhandsawayfromtheHashimitesandAnsarwhoworshipped Muhammad!Thus,itwouldnotbenecessaryforthemtoapostatizefromIslam.Accordingly, peopleofQurayshlistenedtohimandthatwastheconclusionoftheprojectofapostasy. Moreover,Suhaylsecured`AttabandorderedhimtoruleMakkahinthenameofthenew Qurayshite,notHashimite,leaderAbuBakribnAbiQahafahthesonofTaymibnMurrah.[83] SuhaylWorksforIndependence AftertheconquestofMakkah,peopleofQurayshdirectedtheiractivitiestowardstheorderly politicalandsecretactionaimedatkeepingtheAhlalBaytawayfromtheleadershipand dedicatingittotheotherQurayshites.TheyunderstoodthatanyopenactivitiesagainsttheHoly Prophet(S)wouldbeunavailing.TheyhadtofacetheproblemoftheHolyProphet(S)s progressivearrangementsforbringing`Ali,followedbyalHasanandalHusayn,topower.Neither `AlinorwereanyoftheHashimiteswelcomedbytheQurayshitepeople.Thereupon,they,headed bySuhaylibn`Amr,plannedforpracticinganumberofboldprocedureswiththeHolyProphet(S). Theythereforesenthimvariousmessagesdemandingwithrepatriatingtheirsonsandslaveswho hadleftMakkahandjoinedhimforlearningtheirreligion. Inthisregard,Suhaylsaid,Today,weareyourallies.Wecametotermsafterwehadbeen engagedincombats.ImyselfconcludedatrucewithyouinHudaybiyyah.Oursonsandslavesfled theirhometownsandworkplacestojoinyou.Theyliedwhentheyclaimedthattheyaimedat learningtheirreligion.Besides,weareresponsibleforteachingthemtheirreligioniftheyare honest.Accordingly,youshouldrepatriatethem. TheappealofthenewchiefofQurayshmeansthatpeopleofQuraysh,eveniftheyhadtogiveup armsandsurrenderundertheshadesofswords,didnotrecognizetherulerofMakkahassigned bytheHolyProphet(S);onthecontrary,theywantedhimtorecognizethemasanindependent politicalentityopposinghisstateandreligion. AlTirmidhi,inalSunan5/298,recordsthefollowing: IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofRab`iibnHarrashthat`AliibnAbiTalibtoldusthatafter theconclusionofthetruceofHudaybiyyah,somepolytheistchiefsandindividuals,including Suhaylibn`Amr,said,OAllahsMessenger!Someofoursons,brethrenandslavesjoinedyou. Theyhadclaimedfalselythattheywantedtolearntheirreligion.Theyonlywanttogetridoftheir jobs.Repatriatethemandwewillteachthemtheirreligioniftheyarehonest.TheHolyProphet (S)answered,OpeopleofQuraysh!Ifyoukeepupsuchdemands,AlmightyAllahwillsendaman whoseheartisfilledupwithfaithtobeheadyouwithhisswordforsakeofthisreligion.They,as wellasAbuBakrand`Umar,askedtheHolyProphet(S)toidentifythatman.Heisthatrepairer Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

ofthesandal,theHolyProphet(S)referredto`Alibetweenwhosehandswasthesandalofthe HolyProphet(S). AbuDawud,inalSunan1/611,recordsthefollowing: IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofRab`iibnHarrashthat`AliibnAbiTalibsaidthatwhen someslavesjoinedtheHolyProphet(S)beforetheconclusionoftruceofHudaybiyyah,their mastersmessagedtheHolyProphet(S)demandingwithrepatriatingthembecausetheirclaimsof learningthereligionhadbeenfalse;rathertheyescapedtheirslavery.Anumberofpeoplearound theHolyProphet(S)attestedthatdemandandadvisedhimtorespond.Heangrilysaid,Opeople ofQuraysh!IseethatyouwillnevergiveupsuchdemandsunlesstheLordwillsendamanwho willbeheadyou.Hence,herejectedtheirdemandandmanumittedthoseslaves. ThereadermustbeawarethatthereferencetothetruceofHudaybiyyahinsuchreportswasone ofstylesofdistortingthefactsusuallyfollowedbytheproQurayshitereporters.Infact,the incidentbefellaftertheconquestofMakkah.Haditoccurredbeforethat,Suhaylwouldhave demandedtheHolyProphet(S)withrespectingthetermofrepatriatingtheindividualswho wouldjoinhim,whichwasagreeduponduringthetruceofHudaybiyyah. Secondly,theHolyProphet(S)wouldnothaveshownsuchanintenserageifthisdemand,which wouldhavebeensonormalsinceitwasspecifiedasatermofthetruce,hadbeenprovided beforetheconquestofMakkah.OnlyinsituationsofwrongdoingwouldtheHolyProphet(S)be angry.Thirdly,thereleasedQurayshiteswouldnothavesuggestedtotheHolyProphet(S)that theywouldteachthosesonsandslavestheirreligioniftheirdemandhadbeenissuedbeforethe conquestofMakkahandtheirconversiontoIslam.ThesuggestionofteachingIslamcannotbe saidbyotherthanMuslimsorclaimersofbeingMuslims.Finally,somenarrationshaveconfirmed thattheincidentoccurredaftertheconquestofMakkah.AlHakim,inalMustadrak2/138, recordsthefollowing: IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofRab`iibnHarrashthat`AliibnAbiTalibsaidthatafterthe HolyProphet(S)hadconqueredMakkah,someQurayshitessaid,OMuhammad!Weareyour alliesandpeople.OurslavesjoinedyounotforreceivingknowledgeofIslam,astheyclaim,but forgivinguptheirdutiesandobligations.Repatriatethem.AbuBakrand`Umaragreedtothat demandwhentheiradvicewassought,buttheHolyProphetsaid,OpeopleofQuraysh!Allahwill sendamanfromamongyou;hisheartwillbefilledupwithfaith;hewillbeheadyouforsakeof thereligion.AsAbuBakrand`Umarexpectedthemselvestobetheintended,theHolyProphet said,No,youarenot.Hewillbetherepairerofthesandalsinthemosque.TheProphet(S)had alreadygivenhissandalsto`Alitorepair.[84] AlHakim,inalMustadrak4/298,hasrecordedasimilarreportanddecideditsauthenticity: Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 AftertheconquestofMakkah,somepeopleofQurayshcametotheHolyProphet(S)Hesaid,O peopleofQuraysh!Ifyouwillnotkeepupyourprayersanddefraythezakat,Iwillsendaman whowillbeheadyouforsakeofthisreligion.ThismanwillbewhetherIortherepairerofthe sandals.Meanwhile,`AliwasrepairingtheHolyProphet(S)ssandals.[85] Manyconsequentialpointscanbeinferredfromthisincident: First,peopleofQurayshattendedinalMadinahtoseetheHolyProphet(S).Theycameto Muhammadscapitalanddemandedwithhisrecognitionoftheirpoliticalindependence.Suchan awkwardimpudenceoccurredjustaftertheconquestofMakkahwhentheywerehumiliatedand hadtoacceptIslamunderthemenaceofswordsaftertheyhadbeenreleasedinadditiontotheir shamefuldeedsinthebattleofHunayn.AsalHakimandAbuDawudhaveauthenticatedthe narration,peopleofQurayshaddressedtotheHolyProphet(S),OMuhammad!AlTirmidhi, however,hasdistorteditintoOAllahsmessenger!InAhmadsalMusnad3/82,wereadthe following: IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofAbuSa`idalKhidrithattheHolyProphet(S)ssandal wasoncecut;hethereforegaveitto`AliibnAbiTalibtorepair.WestoodwiththeHolyProphet (S)whothenspoke,OneofyouwillfightforsakeoftheinterpretationoftheQuraninthesame wayasIhavefoughtforitsrevelation.Eachone,includingAbuBakrand`Umar,expectedhimself tobetheoneintended.No,assertedtheHolyProphet(S),Hewillbetherepairerofthe sandal.Wethushurriedto`Alicarryingthisgoodtidings.Asifhehadalreadyknownit,`Alipaid noattention. InMajma`alZawa`id9/133,theauthorhasdecidedtheauthenticityandtruthfulnessofthe reportanditsnarrators. ThenarrationmaintainsthattheincidentoccurredinalMadinah. Second,peopleofQurayshunderstoodthattheconquestofMakkahandtheiracceptanceof IslamasareligionhadnotbeenconsideredassubmissiontotheHolyProphet(S)andtheIslamic State;ratheritwasaformofalliancewithhimagainstthetribesthatwerenotincludedtohis Stateyet.TheRomansandthePersianwerethemainfoesoftheHolyProphet(S)sStateand peopleofQurayshaswell.Furthermore,theyfeltthattheyhadpracticallyjoinedthatalliance whentheyfoughtintheHolyProphet(S)slineagainsthisfoesduringtheBattleofHunayn.On thataccount,itisnowhisturntorecognizetheirindependententity.Theybeganwithdemanding himtorepatriatetheirsonsandslaves. Third,excepttheHashimites,peopleofQurayshwhohadimmigratedwiththeHolyProphet(S) Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

agreedtothatdemand.Forinstance,AbuBakribnQahafahand`UmaribnalKhattabsupportedit completely.Yet,narrationshavevariedinexposingthescopeofAbuBakrand`Umarssupporting theQurayshitedemand;somenarrations,suchasalHakimsauthenticpreviousone,explainthat AbuBakranswered,Theyhavesaidthetruth,Allahsmessenger!Repatriatethem,and`Umar repeatedthesamething.Othernarrations,suchasthatrecordedinalTirmidhisalSunanandal HakimsalMustadrak3/122andMajma`alZawa`id9/134and5/186,havenotreferredtoAbu Bakrand`UmarsconfirmationoftheQurayshitedemand;yettheyhavementionedtheir expectationtobethepartywhomwillbeselectedbytheLordandHisMessengerfordisciplining peopleofQuraysh.Smartly,thewordmenwassubstitutedforthenamesofAbuBakrand `Umar.SuchnarrationsarerecordedinalHakimsAlMustadrak2/125and10/473. MentioningthetwomenwastotallyeradicatedinsomenarrationssuchasthatrecordedinAbu DawudsalSunanandthevariousnarrationsin11/613. Fourth,aquestionshouldbeputforthhere:WhatwastherelationshipbetweenSuhaylibn`Amr andthetwomenAbuBakrand`Umar,andwhydidtheyconfirmtheQurayshitedemand? Anotherquestionshouldalsobeputforth:whydidtheHolyProphetseektheadviceofAbuBakr and`UmarafterhehadunderstoodtheactualintentofpeopleofQuraysh?Hethereforebecame angryrejectingtheirdemandandthreateninganotherwarandforewarningitsimminentfalling. Inanycase,accordingtonarrations,thechiefshipofQurayshwasrepresentedbythosefourmen oftheincidenttheHolyProphet(S),Suhaylibn`Amral`Amirithepolytheistschief,AbuBakr and`UmarthesonsoftheworthlessclansofQuraysh.Fromtheabove,weunderstandthatthere wasasortofrelationshipandearlierarrangementbetweenthedelegationofQurayshandthe twomen.SomenarrationshavedivulgedmorethingsSuhaylandhisdelegationresidedat `UmarshousewhentheywereinalMadinah,andAbuBakraccompaniedthemtotheHoly Prophet(S)asanintercessor. Fifth,fourelementscanbeassumedfromtheHolyProphet(S)sreactionintheincidentinvolved: 1.Althoughnarrationshavenotreferredtofurtherdetailsabouttheincident,thefirstelement thatcanbeconcludedistheHolyProphet(S)sangerowingtotheawkwardimpudenceofthe Qurayshitedelegationaswellasthewayoftheirthinking. 2.TheHolyProphet(S)despairedofpeopleofQurayshsmodifyingtheircoursesoftyrannyand spreadingontheinstructionsofIslam.Heperceivedthattheswordwouldbetheonlydevicethat maycausethemtoadheretotheright.Anumberofnarrations,suchasthoserecordedinal HakimsalMustadrak2/125,AbuDawudsalSunan1/611,alBayhaqisalSunan9/229andKanz al`Ummal10/473,havereferredevidentlytothispoint.(TheHolyProphetsaid,Opeopleof Quraysh!IseeyouwillneverceaseunlesstheLordwillsendamanwhowillbeheadyouforthe Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

sakeofIslam.)ThisstatementconfirmsthatpeopleofQurayshwillneversubmittoIslamexcept byforce. 3.TheHolyProphet(S)named`AliibnAbiTalib(a.s.)inthreateningpeopleofQuraysh.They scaredthismantodeathsincetheysufferedtheharshestdaysoftheirlifetimeonhishands.He, alone,wasthekillerofhalfofthepolytheistheroeswhiletheotherMuslims,ingroups,killedthe secondhalforevenless!TheHolyProphet(S)mentioned`Aliindirectlywhenhereferredtothe manwhomwouldbesentforbeheadingpeopleofQurayshforsakeofthereligion.Once,as recordedinMajma`alZawa`id9/133,heexpressed,AmanbelongstomeorIWhenAbuBakr and`Umaraskedhimtonamethatman,theHolyProphetsaid,ItisIortherepairerofthe sandal.[86] ThissayingwasaimedatobstructingtheQurayshiteunevenhopessincetheywouldunderstand thatthisquestionmightoccurasearlyaspossible.Moreover,theyshouldanticipateacommand ofinvadingMakkahandterminatingthetyrantsthere. TheHolyProphet(S)proposestoevince`Alisstanding;hewantedtomakepeopleofQuraysh knowthatthemanwouldbeoneoftheHashimiteswhomtheystillenviedanddetested.Hadthe HolyProphet(S)foretoldthat`AliwouldfightpeopleofQurayshforsakeoftheinterpretationof theHolyQurantwentyfiveyearslater,theywouldhavebeensurethattheywouldhaveatwenty yearperiodtocarryouttheirplans.InMajma`alZawa`id9/134,anauthenticatednarration declaresthatsincetheHolyProphet(S)sreign,`Ali(a.s.)hadbeenthreateningpeopleofQuraysh andeverybodywhowouldthinkofapostasy.Hesworethathewouldfightthemtothelast moments.TheHolyProphet(S)wasthedirectorofthisthreat,whichwasaimedatprecluding peopleofQurayshfrompracticinganyprocessofdissentingIslam: IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofIbn`AbbasthatduringtheHolyProphet(S)slifetime,`Ali (a.s.)wasusedtosaying,AllahthePowerfulandGlorifiedsays,Muhammadisnomorethanan apostle;theapostleshavealreadypassedawaybeforehim;ifthenhediesoriskilled,willyou turnbackuponyourheels?Nay,byAllah!Wewillneverturnbackuponourheelsafterwehave beenguidedbyAllahtheExalted.ByAllahIswear,ifMuhammadwilldieorbekilled,Iwill definitelyfightforthesamesakethathehasbeenfightingforuntilthelastofmylife.Nay,by Allah!ItisIwhoishisbrother,successor,cousinandheir.WhothenismoremeritoriousthanI am? Followingthepreviousnarration,thesamecompilerwritesdownanothernarrationinwhichhe exposesthatimmediatelyaftertheconquestofMakkah,theHolyProphet(S)menacedpeopleof Qurayshwith`Ali(a.s.): Ithasbeennarratedontheauthorityof`AbdalRahmanibnAwfthatimmediatelyafterthe Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

conquestofMakkah,theHolyProphet(S)wenttowardsalTa`ifandsaid,Opeople!Iwillbe yourleader.Iurgeyoutobebenevolentwithmyhousehold.YouwillmeetmeontheDivinePool. BythePrevailingofmysoulIutterthisoath;ifyoudonotperformprayersanddefraythezakat,I willsenduponyouamanwhobelongstome.Hewillbeheadyourwarriorsandcaptureyour sons.PeoplethoughtthatAbuBakror`Umarhadbeentheintended;theHolyProphet(S)took `Alifromthehandandsaid,Hewillbethisman. ThisthreatprovesevidentlytheactualintentionsofthosefreshMuslims. 4.TheHolyProphet(S)hasdecidedthosewhoprovidedthatclaimasatheists.TheHolyProphet (S)ssayings,Iseeyouwillnotstop,OpeopleofQurayshandthethreatwithamanwhowill beheadthemforsakeofthereligionandhisangeralltheseareevidencesonthosepeoples atheism.Inthefirstsaying,theHolyProphet(S)meantthattheywouldnotstoptheiratheismand antagonismagainsttheLordandHisMessenger.Inthelatter,hiswordsmeantthattheywould neverfollowthereligionandthattheywouldnotceasetheiractivitiesagainstIslamunlessthey wouldbetreatedbyswords. IncasethesereleasedwereMuslimswhosepropertiesmustberespected,itshouldbeillegalfor theHolyProphet(S)toviolatesuchproperties.He(a.s.)usedtosay,Itisillicitforanyonetohave fromotherspropertiesunlesstheirsatisfactionisobtained.Yourpropertiesandsoulsareasholy asetc. Jurisprudentshaveconfusedlytriedtosolvethisproblem;theysaidthatitisexclusivelygivento theHolyProphet(S).Yet,thisisincorrectbecauseitisillogical. ConsequenceoftheIncident Apparently,theincidenthinderedtheQurayshitepeoplesattemptstoharvesttheHolyProphet (S)srecognitionoftheirpoliticalindependenceinaformofallianceorautonomyintheIslamic State.AviewatthehistorywrittenwiththepensoftheproQurayshiteauthorswillconcludethat peopleofQuraysh,soonaftertheincident,repentedandacceptedIslamsopiouslyandgavealms andmanumittedtheirslavesandundertookontheritualHajjandfastedandofferedtheprayers etc.Incontrast,theHolyProphetsaid,Iseeyouwillneverstop,OpeopleofQuraysh!Fromthe natureoftheQurayshitepeopleingeneralandtheirchiefsinspecific,itisunderstoodthatthey musthavekeptuptheiractivitiesonallpossiblefrontsandcouldconcludemanyresults. TheyunderstoodthattheHolyProphet(S)hadstillbeenattentiveoftheirmovementsandthatit hadbeenagreatmistaketothinkofapoliticalindependenceinhisState.Thirdly,theyrecognized thatMuhammadtheleadingHashimiteknighthadbeenunmatched,especiallywhenhewas supportedbyhiscousinthekilleroftheArabsandpeopleofAwsandKhazrajwhodared,for Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

thefirsttimeintheirlives,tofightpeopleofQurayshandkillanumberoftheirheroes. Theissueofpoliticalindependencewasretractedwhenasubstitutecameforth;peopleof QurayshwereconfidentthatMuhammadsStatecoveredtheterritoriesandMuslimswere preparingthemselvestofighttheRomansandthePersians.Muhammadhadpromisedhis followersthattheywoulddefeatthesetwogreatpowersandMuslimslookedforwardto achievingso.Onthataccount,anydemandofautonomywouldbemeaningless.Hence,itis necessarytomovetoanewgeneralsituationthroughindustriouspoliticalactivitiesandprocesses ofsystematicviolence.BysuchactivitiescouldtheQurayshpeopleonlyseizeMuhammadsState. Muhammad,atanyrate,isthesonofQurayshandhispeoplearethusmoremeritoriousthan othersinreceivinghisheritage.NeitherAnsartheYemenisnorcananyothertribeprotest. Supposingthatwillbeachieved,therewillcomeoneproblemthatrequirestreatmentinany pricetheHashimiteswhomarecalledtheprogenyorthenearofkin,andaboutwhom frequentQuranictextshavebeenrevealedandmanyHadithshavebeensaid.Muhammadhas endowedthemexclusivelythefifthofthepublictreasury. Indeed,thatwastheconclusionattainedbypeopleofQurayshwhomwerereleasedfromkilling andslaveryatthehandsoftheHolyProphet(S).Thatwastheirrewardforhimduringhislifetime. AllsuchevilplotswerepracticedwiththeaidofsomeoftheSahabah. `UmarAtteststheTergiversationoftheQurayshites WereadthefollowingnarrationinalTabarisTarikh3/426: IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofalHasanalBasrithat`Umaroncewasinformedthatthe QurayshitechiefshadcomplainedabouthisdecisionofdetainingtheminalMadinahunlessa permissionwouldbeobtainedyetforalimitedperiod.Heascendedtheminbarandsaid,I describeIslamasacamel.Initsemergence,Islamwasthelikeofaoneyearoldcamel.Itbecame twoyearold,fouryearold,sixyearoldand,inthefinal,itbecamesenile.Nothingbutdecrease comesaftersenility.Islamisgoingtowardssenility.PeopleofQurayshareaimingathavingAllahs wealthentirelyforthemselves.ThiswillneveroccuraslongassonofalKhattabisalive.Iwillkeep standingontheentranceofthecityforinterceptingpeopleofQurayshfromfallinginthe fire.[87] Thissituationincludesanumberofpoints: 1.ThesehavebeenthewordsofaQurayshitechiefwhosetriballoyalty,forhim,wasbeyondany dispute;hecarriedthepennonofQurayshandcalledfortheirsucceedingtheHolyProphet(S)in thefaceofAnsarandtheHashimites.Healsosparednoeffortsinstrippingtheleadershipfrom Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

theAhlalBaytandAnsar.HethenservedtheQurayshitechiefswiththatpureleadershipand theynamedhimtheCoreofQuraysh. 2.ThesewordsprovideatestimonyaverringthattheQurayshiteMuhajirunweresodeviatethat theyshouldbedetainedinalMadinahinordernottomisleadMuslims.Havingassumedthe actualityoftheQurayshiteMuhajirun,itbecamemoreevidenttounderstandthehiddensofthe QurayshitereleasedpeoplewhomshouldneverceasetheirtrickeriesagainstIslamunless`Alis swordwouldplayontheirheads,astheHolyProphet(S)predicted. 3.Thesewordscompriseapictureof`UmarsimaginationabouttheshortperiodofIslamandits imminenttermination.`UmarlikenedIslamtoanypoliticalcirclethatpassedontheArab Peninsulaandotherterritoriesandwouldbevanquishedsoon.Throughvarioustexts,`Umar believedthatIslamwouldnotlastformoreagesandbelievedthatothernationswouldsoon invadeMuslimterritories,especiallyMakkahwhosepeoplewoulddesertitandcauseittobe ruined.Ka`balAhbarmighthavebeenthesourceofsuchfalseprophesies. Notes: [59]ShaykhAlSaduq,inhisalFaqih,relatesthefollowingnarration: Abanibn`UthmanreportedthatImamalSadiq(a.s.)askedIbrahimalSayqal:Doyouknowto whomtheHolyProphet(S)referredin(masters)duringtheSermonoftheFarewellHajj?No, answeredIbrahim,Idonotknow.TheImam(a.s.)answered,(Masters)standsfromtheAhlal Bayt. [60]`AliibnIbrahimalQummihasrelatedthisform. [61]Also,alBayhaqi:alSunan10/188. [62]AlsoalDarimi:alSunan2/303,Ahmad:alMusnad6/70and151andIbnMajah:alSunan 2/1417. [63]IbnMajah:alSunan2/1015. [64]Also,AbuTharr,AbuSa`id,ZaydibnArqamandHudhayfahibnUsayd.Thenarrationis decidedasstrangeandqualified,butwitharatherdoubtfulnarrator.Sa`idibnSulaymanand manyotherscholars,however,haverelatedZaydibnalHasansnarrations. [65]Also,AbuDawud:alSunan1/427andalBayhaqi:Dala`ilalNubuwwah5/8.IbnMajahhas recordedasimilarnarrationinalSunan2/1025. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 [66]Also,alBayhaqi:alSunan7/30and10/114. [67]InalMu`jamalKabir,alTabaranihasrecordedthiswhosereportersaretrustful. [68]InalMu`jamalKabirandalMu`jamalAwsat,alTabaranirelatesthisnarrationtotrustful narrators. [69]ThemajoridolsworshippedbytheArabatheists. [70]Asimilarreporthasbeenrecordedonpage186ofthesamebookandquotedfromBisharat alIslam. [71]ThisisawordforwordtranslationoftheHolyVerse.Thefollowingisitsmeaning: OnlyareAllahandHisMessengerandthebelieverwhogavealmswhilehewasintheritual genuflectionofaprayeryourmasters. [72]OApostle!DeliverwhathadbeenrevealedtoyoufromyourLord;andifyoudoitnot,then youhavenotdeliveredHismessage,andAllahwillprotectyoufromthepeople;surelyAllahwill notguidetheunbelievingpeople.5/67 [73]NotethatalltheProphetswhocameafterAbrahamwerehisdescendants. [74]Also,AlTabarisTarikh2/83,alYa`qubi:alTarikh2/36andibnKathirsalSirah2/155. [75]Also,alTabarisTarikh2/92,UsdalGhabah1/174,`UyunalAthar1/217,IbnKathirsalSirah 2/198andAhmadsalMusnad3461.AsherecordsitinhisMajmaalZawaid6/44,alHaythami commentsthatAhmadandalTabaranirecordedit.Ahmadhasrelatedittonarratorsthatare admittedinthemostauthenticreferencebooksofHadithexceptIbnIshaq.InKanzal`Ummal, thesamenarrationhasbeenreportedin1/328and8/29. [76]SayyidHashimalBahrani:HilyatalAbrar1/127,ShaykhalTusi:alAmali1/316asquoted fromalMajlisi:BiharalAnwar19/272h.11andalHaythami:MajmaalZawaid6/91. [77]IbnSayyidalNas:`UyunalAthar1/146andIbnKathir:alSirah1/506. [78]ThisisanindicationtoBilqis(Ethiopian:Makeda)theQueenofShebainYemen. [79]AlBayhaqi:alSunan10/228,alTirmidhi:alSunan4/217andalDhahbi:SiyarA`lamal Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

Nubala`1/235. [80]NasibisarethosewhoopenlydeclaretheenmitytotheAhlalBaytandtheiradherents. AddressingtotheShi`ah,ImamalSadiqdefinesaNasibiastheonewhoshowsenmitytothe followersoftheHolyImams. [81]Also,Muslim:alSahih5/196andAhmad:alMusnad3/190and279. [82]AlTabari:Tarikh2/82. [83]Afterrecordingthisincident,IbnHusham,inalSirah4/1079,adds,Onlythendidpeople calmdownand`AttabBinUsaydappeared. [84]AccordingtothecriterionofMuslim,thisreportisauthentic;yetneitherhenorhasal Bukharirecordedit. [85]Also,Kanzal`Ummal13/174. [86]AlMuttaqialHindi:Kanzal`Ummal7/326. [87]AlMuttaqialHindi:Kanzal`Ummal13/75andIbnShabbah:TarikhalMadinah2/779and 2/401.

Chapter5:TheVerseofIsmah TheOrderoftheVerse IntheNameofAllah,theBeneficent,theMerciful AndtheJewssay:ThehandofAllahistiedup!Theirhandswillbeshackledandtheywillbe cursedforwhattheysay.Nay,bothHishandsarespreadout,HeexpendsasHepleases;andwhat hasbeenrevealedtoyoufromyourLordwillcertainlymakemanyofthemincreaseininordinacy andunbelief;andWehaveputenmityandhatredamongthemuntilthedayofresurrection; whenevertheykindleafireforwarAllahputsitout,andtheystrivetomakemischiefintheland, andAllahdoesnotlovethemischiefmakers. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 AndifthefollowersoftheBookbelievedandguardedagainstevil,Wewouldcertainlyhave coveredtheirevildeedsandWewouldcertainlyhavemadethementergardensofbliss. AndiftheyhadkeptuptheTorahandtheBibleandthatwhichwasrevealedtothemfromtheir Lord,theywouldcertainlyhaveeatenfromabovethemandfrombeneaththeirfeet;thereisa partyofthemkeepingtothemoderatecourse,andasformostofthem,evilisthatwhichtheydo. OApostle!DeliverwhathasbeenrevealedtoyoufromyourLord;andifyoudoitnot,thenyou havenotdeliveredHismessage,andAllahwillprotectyoufromthepeople;surelyAllahwillnot guidetheunbelievingpeople. Say:OfollowersoftheBook!YoufollownogooduntilyoukeepuptheTorahandtheBibleand thatwhichisrevealedtoyoufromyourLord;andsurelythatwhichhasbeenrevealedtoyoufrom yourLordwillmakemanyofthemincreaseininordinacyandunbelief;grievenotthereforefor theunbelievingpeople. SurelythosewhobelieveandthosewhoareJewsandtheSabiansandtheChristianswhoever believesinAllahandthelastdayanddoesgoodtheywillhavenofearnotwilltheygrieve. CertainlyWemadeacovenantwiththechildrenofIsraelandWesenttothemapostles; whenevertherecametothemanapostlewithwhatthattheirsoulsdidnotdesire,someofthem didtheycallliarsandsometheyslew.[5:6270[ ThePlaceoftheVerse IfweacceptthattheQuranicordersupportstheexegesisofaVerse,twomattersshouldbe takeninconsideration: First,theVerseliesinSurahofalMa`idahthesealoftherevealedSurahsand, Second,theVersecomesamongothersrespectingthemannersoftheJewsandChristians. Correspondingly,itcarriesthefollowingmeaningtotheHolyProphet(S):Convey,andfearnot theJewsortheChristians.Wewillprotectyouagainstthem.Theywillbetooshorttoinjureyou. NeitherSunnisnordotheShi`ahadmitsuchinterpretation.TheVersethusaddsnothingnew abouttheJewsandChristianssincethedangercausedbythemhadbeenremovedbeforethe revelationoftheVerse.Fromthiscause,itisimportanttounderstandwhethertheplaceofthe VersehasbeenasoriginalasitwasrevealedoroneoftheSahabahintrudedtoputitinthisvery position.We,theShi`ah,denyclearlyanysuppositionclaiminganyformofdistortionintheHoly Quran.Yet,reportshaveassertedthatsomeoftheSahabahhadpursuedpersonalinferencesin Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

choosingtheplacesofsomeVerses.Accordingly,theplaceoftheVersehadbeensubjectively,if notunintentionally,chosen. SunniScholarsOpinions ThefollowingsixopinionsarethemostcommonamongthevariousthesesrelatedtotheVerse andassumedbySunniexegetes.Yet,aseventhSunniopinionaccordstheShi`ahsinterpretation. FirstOpinion TheVersewasrevealedinthepreliminarystageoftheHolyProphet(S)sDivineMission.When theLordorderedhimtoconveythemessage,hehesitated;heabstainedorshoweddrawback. Hence,theLordloomedandrelieved.Onlythen,theHolyProphet(S)conveyed. ThisproposesthattheVersewasrevealedtwentythreeyearsbeforetherevelationofSurahofal Ma`idah. Asifhedeterredit,alShafi`i(KitabalUmm4/168)usesitissaidbeforethereferencetothis opinion: ItissaidthatwhenArchangelGabrielfirstconveyedtotheHolyProphet(S)themissionof promulgatingforthenewreligion,hehesitatedandfearedthatpeoplewouldbeliehim.Hence, AlmightyAllahrevealed,OApostle!Deliverwhathasbeenrevealed Althoughmanyobjectionsarearousedagainstthisclaim,wemaycontentwiththefollowing;itis contrarytotheorderoftheVerse.Itisalsoinadmissibletoacceptsuchanaccusationof abstinenceorhesitationincarryingtheLordsMessagessoastoavoidaccusationoflyingorinjury orkilling.QuranictextshaveattestedthattheHolyProphet(S)exertedallpossibleeffortsfor conveyinghisLordsmission.AlShafi`isIndirectReports InalSuyutisalDurralManthur2/298,wereadthefollowing: IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofAbulShaykhontheauthorityofalHasanalBasrithat theHolyProphetsaid:IfeltannoyedwhenmyLordorderedmetoconveyHisMessage,becauseI knewthatpeoplewouldbelieme,butHethreatenedifIdecline,Hewouldsubdue.ThatisHis saying:OApostle!Deliveretc.[88] IthasbeenalsonarratedontheauthorityofIbnJarirthatIbnJurayjsaidthattheHolyProphet(S) fearedpeopleofQurayshuntiltherevelationoftheVerse,OApostleandAllahwillprotectyou fromthepeople.Onlythen,hewasrelieved.Hesaidfrequently,Letthemdisappoint. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 Ithasbeenalsonarratedontheauthorityof`AbdibnHumayd,IbnJarir,IbnAbiHatamandAbul ShaykhontheauthorityofMujahidthatwhenAlmightyAllahrevealed,Deliverwhathasbeen revealedtoyoufromyourLord,theHolyProphetsaid,OmyLord!Iamalone.HowshouldI behavewhenpeopleuniteagainstme?Then,AlmightyAllahrevealed,Andifyoudoitnot,then youhavenotdeliveredHismessage.[89] InalNisapuri:alWasit2/208,wereadthefollowing: IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofalAnbarithatduringhisdwellinginMakkah,theHoly Prophet(S)usedtodeclareonlyapartoftheQuranictextsrevealedtohimbecausehe anticipatedthatthepolytheistswouldinjurehiscompanionsandhim Thepreviousreportslackdocumentation.TheyarenomorethansayingsofalHasanalBasri, Mujahidandtheirlikes.Next,wewillprovethatalHasanalBasriaimedatachievingsomething privatethroughpublicizingsuchwordingandthathecitedhissayingfromtheHolyProphet(S)s sermonofGhadirbuthewastoocowardtoreportthetruth.

IndirectReportsTurnintoReliableOpinions ExegeteshaverealizedthattheVersewasrevealedintheHolyProphet(S)slastdaysandrealized thattheattributionofanincidentthattookplaceonthefirstdaysofhismissiontotheexegesisof theVersewasnomorethanwordsoffalsescholarsoftheUmayyadreignorreportsofdoubtful documentation.Notwithstanding,theyflagrantlytooktheVersetwentythreeyearsback.Itis quiteoddtoseeconsideratenames,suchasalZamakhshariandalFakhralRazi,beamongsuch exegetes.ThisisbecausetheyattemptedtotaketheVerseawayfromtheGhadirdeclarationof loyalty.Intruth,theyhavehadtochooseeitherconnectingtheincidenttotheVerseoradopting thefalsereportsaboutthecancellationoftheguardingoftheHolyProphet(S).Thisfableis howeverexposedbythesequenceofthehistoricaleventsaswellasthetextoftheVerse.We readthefollowinginalZamakhsharisalKashshaf1/659: ThemeaningofAllahssaying,AndAllahwillprotectyoufromthepeople,isthattheLord providesapromiseofprotectingtheHolyProphet(S)againstbeingkilledonly!Ithasbeen narratedthattheHolyProphetsaid,IbecamedisturbedwhenAlmightyAllahorderedmeto conveyHismessagetopeople.HethenthreatenedapunishmentifIwouldabstainand Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

guaranteedtoprotectme.Onlythen,Iregainedvigor.[90] AlRazi,inTafsir6:12/4850,recordsthefollowing: IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofalHasanthattheHolyProphetsaid,Ibecamedisturbed whenmyLordorderedmetoconveyHismessagetopeoplesinceIrealizedthatpeople,including theJewsandChristians,wouldbeliemeandthatpeopleofQurayshwouldthreatenme.When AlmightyAllahrevealed,OApostle!Deliveretc.,allmyapprehensionswereremoved. RegardingAllahssaying,AndAllahwillprotectyoufromthepeople,onemayaskhowitis possibletoregardthisstatementwhiletheHolyProphet(S)sfacewasscratchedduringtheBattle ofUhud.Therearetwoanswersforthisquestion:First,theVersestandsfortheprotection againstkilling.Second,theVersewasrevealedaftertheBattleofUhud. AlRaziwasnothonestinrecordingalHasanswords.Headdedthestatement,includingtheJews andChristianstothenarrationbecauseheintendedtotaketheQurayshitepeopleawayfromthe VerseanddedicateittotheJewsandChristians.Yet,weshouldnotblamehimforhislovefor QurayshgenerallyandhisgrandfatherAbuBakribnAbiQahafahinparticular.Weonlydemand withobjectivehonesty.NosingleindicationtotheJewsorChristianshasbeenshowninthe referencebooksthatcomprisedalHasanspreviousnarration.ExcellingatalRaziandtheothers, IbnKathirrecordsthefollowinginalBidayahwalNihayah3/53: IthasbeennarratedinIbnAbiHatamsbookofTafsirontheauthorityofhisfatheronthe authorityofalHasanibn`saibnMaysarahalHarithiontheauthorityof`Abdullahibn`Abdal QuddusontheauthorityofalA`mashontheauthorityofalMinhalibn`Amrontheauthorityof `AbdullahibnalHariththat`Alisaid,WhenAlmightyAllahrevealed,Andwarnyournearest relations,theHolyProphet(S)askedmetocookalegofaewewithsomefoodandabowlofmilk andtheninviteBanuHashim.IdidandtheywereaboutfortymenTheProphet(S)thensaid, Whichoneofyouwillsettlemydebtsandhewillbemysuccessoramongmypeople?Ashe anticipatedfinancialloss,al`Abbas,liketheothers,keptsilent.IhadtokeepsilentasIreveredal `AbbasshavingbeenolderthanIwas.Inthesecondtime,IspokeafterIhadseenal`Abbaskept silentagain.Isaid,Iwillbeit,AllahsMessenger!TheProphetsaid,Yes,itisyouetc. Bysaying,whichoneofyouwillsettlemydebtsandhewillbemysuccessoramongmypeople? theHolyProphet(S)wantedoneofthemtosettlehisdebtsafterhisdeathbecauseheanticipated thathewouldbekilledassoonashewouldconveytheLordsmessagetotheArabpolytheists. Therefore,heaimedatnominatinghissuccessorwhowouldguardhisfamilyafterhisdecease. Anyhow,AlmightyAllahsecuredHisMessengerwhenHerevealed,OApostle!Deliveretc.[91] IbnKathirhasslippedverymuchandservedhisfanaticismextremely;hecutoffthetextregarding Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

Allahssaying,Andwarnyournearestrelations,anderasedtheHolyProphet(S)shavingcarried outAlmightyAllahscommandmentofnominatingasuccessor.Instead,hedistortedthenarration sayingthattheHolyProphet(S)askedtheHashimitesforasuccessortobetheguardianofhis familyandsettlehisdebtsafterhehadanticipatedthathewouldbekilledbypeopleofQuraysh. Hence,`Ali(a.s.)volunteered.ButwhentheVersewasrevealed,suchasuccessionbecameinvalid. Thus,IbnKathir,purposefully,disregardsthefactthattheHolyProphet(S)wasorderedtoinvite hisnearrelativesexclusivelytothereligion.NeitherpeopleofQurayshnorweretheothers includedinthisinvitation.Thereupon,hisanticipationofbeingkilledorinjuredismere fabrication.Furthermore,asmuchasIcouldconceive,noonesupportsIbnKathirinestablishinga relationshipbetweentheVerseof`IsmahandtheVerseofwarningthenearrelatives.Besides,he doesnotrefertothesourcesfromwhichheadoptedthatopinion. Asamatteroffact,forIbnKathir,nothingismoreimportantthatmisrepresentingandfadingthe HolyProphet(S)swordsathisnearrelativesaswellasnominating`Aliashisbrother,vicegerent andsuccessor.Meanwhile,hesparesnoeffortsintakingtheVerseof`IsmahawayfromSurahof alMa`idahandtheDayofGhadir.ThefollowingistheHolyProphet(S)swords,whichwerecut offbyIbnKathir,asquotedfromalAminisalGhadir1/207: Inordertodiscriminatetheaccuratefromthedeviation,wehereinafterquotealTabariswords asrecordedinhisTarikh1/207: (TheHolyProphetsaid)IhavebroughtforththegoodofthisworldaswellastheHereafter.The ExaltedLordhasorderedmetoinviteyoualltothismatter.Whichoneofyouwillsupportmeand willbemybrother,heirandsuccessor?(`Aliwentonnarrating)Iwastheyoungestamongthe attendantswhoutterlyrefused.Ispoke,Iwillbethatone,Allahsmessenger!Iwillbeyour supporterinthismatter.TheHolyProphet(S)tookmefromtheneckanddeclared,Thisismy brother,heirandsuccessor.Listenandcomplywithhim.Theattendantswentoutlaughingand addressingtomyfather,Well,hehasorderedyoutolistentoandcomplywithyourson! (AlAmini:alGhadir2/279)Decidingitasauthentic,AbuJa`faralIskafiofBaghdad,aMu`tazilite theologist,(diedinAH240)hasrecordedthesamenarrationinNaqdal`Uthmaniyyah.Ithasbeen alsorecordedinthefollowingreferencebooksofHadith:BurhanalDin:Anba`Nujaba`alAbna` 468,IbnalAthir:alKamil2/24,AbulFida``ImadalDinalDimashqi:Tarikh1/116,ShihabalDin alKhafaji:SharhalShifa3/37.Cuttingoffthelaststatementofthenarration,herecords,Inal Bayhaqi:Dala`ilalNubuwwahaswellasmanyotherbooks,thisnarrationisauthentically documented,`Ala`alDinalBaghdadialKhazin:Tafsir390,AlSuyuti:Jami`alJawami`6/392as quotedfromalTabariand6/397asquotedforthesixmostnotableHadithistsibnIshaq,ibn Jarir,ibnAbiHatam,ibnMardawayh,AbuNa`iandalBayhaqiandIbnAbilHadid:SharhNahjal Balaghah3/254. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 ThecompilerofalGhadirthencriticizesthosewhomisrepresentedthenarrationseekingthe Qurayshitesfavor.AlTabari,forinstance,intendstomaketheHolyProphet(S)swordsabout Imam`Aliobscure;herecords,TheProphet(S)thensaid:Thisismybrotherandsoon.Ibn Kathir,inalBidayahwalNihayah3/40andTafsir3/351,followsalTabari. SecondOpinion AsecondSunniopinionindicatesthattheVersewasrevealedsometimebeforetheimmigration toalMadinah.Sincethen,theHolyProphet(S)dispensedwiththeguardofAbuTaliboral `Abbas. InSunnireferencebooksofHadith,thisopinioniscommonlyaccepted;yet,itisoftwosortsof narrations.Theearliershows,whetheropenlyorsuggestively,thetimeandplaceofthe revelationoftheVerse,whichwasMakkah,whilethelatterrelatesittotheHolyProphet(S)s cancelingtheguard,withoutreferringdirectlytothewatchpracticedbyAbuTaliboral`Abbas. Regardless,weoughttooptfortheearliersinceitsoriginisalTirmidhisreportingfrom`A`ishah. Likemanyothers,alTirmidhiperceivedthat`A`ishahhadmeantMakkah.Asamodelofthefirst sortofnarration,letusquotethefollowingfromalSuyutisalDurralManthur2/2989: IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofIbn`AbbasthattheHolyProphet(S)answeredthosewho askedhimaboutthemostintenseVersethatwaseverrevealedtohim,andheanswered,During theHajjseason,IwasinMinawhenArchangelGabrielrevealedtomeAllahssaying,OApostle! Deliveretc.Istoodatal`Aqabahandshouted,Opeople!Whoeversupportsmeinconveying myLordsmessagewillbegrantedParadise.Opeople!IfyoudeclarethatthereisnogodbutAllah andIbeHismessenger,youwillbesavedandgrantedParadise.Allpeople,includingwomenand children,thenbegantothrowmewithdustandstonesandspewinmyfaceshouting,Youareliar andapostate.Inthesemoments,aninspirationcameforthbeforemeandsaid,Itisnowthe propertimeforyou,ifyouaretheLordsmessenger,tocurseyourpeopleinthesamewayas Prophet(S)Noahcursedhispeople.Instead,Isaid,OAllah!Guidemypeoplefortheydonot know,andsupportmebymakingthemrespondtoYourobedience.Then,al`Abbas,myuncle, cameandsavedmefromthem. AlA`mashcommentedthatthedescendantsofal`Abbasusedtotakeprideinthatsituation. IthasbeenalsonarratedontheauthorityofIbnMardawayhontheauthorityofJabiribn `AbdullahthatAbuTalibusedtoappointaguardforaccompanyingtheHolyProphet(S) wheneverhewouldgoout;butwhenAlmightyAllahrevealed,AndAllahwillprotectyoufrom thepeople,theHolyProphetsaidtohisuncle,Allahhasprotectedme.Idonotneedaguard. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

IthasbeennarratedbyalTabarani,AbulShaykh,AbuNa`im,inalDala`il,IbnMardawayhand Ibn`AsakirontheauthorityofIbn`AbbasthattheHolyProphet(S)wasguarded;AbuTalibused tosendmenfromtheHashimitesforguardinghim.Hethensaidtohisuncle,Idonolongerneed thosewhomyouaresendingforguardingme.[92] InMajma`alZawa`id7/17,wereadthefollowing: IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofAbuSa`idalKhidrithatal`Abbas,theHolyProphet(S)s uncle,wasoneofthosewhoguardedhim,butwhenAllahrevealed,AndAllahwillprotectyou fromthepeople,theguardiansstopped. [AlTabarani:alMu`jamalSaghirandalMu`jamalAwsat.Yet,itsnarrator,`Atiyyahal`Awfi,is doubtful.] IthasbeenalsonarratedontheauthorityofIbn`AbbasthattheHolyProphet(S)usedtobe guarded.AbuTalib,hisuncle,usedtoappointmenfromtheHashimitesforguardinghim.When Allahrevealed,AndAllahwillprotectyoufromthepeople,theHolyProphetsaidtohisuncle, AlmightyAllahhasprotectedmeagainstjinnandpeople. [ThisreportisrecordedbyalTabarani.WithinitsnarratorsisalNasribn`AbdalRahmanwhois doubtful.] ThesecondsortofnarrationshasbeenoriginatedbythefollowingreportofalTirmidhi:alSunan 4/317:Ithasbeennarratedontheauthorityof`A`ishahthatguardingwaspracticedontheHoly Prophet(S)untiltherevelationofAllahssaying,AndAllahwillprotectyoufromthepeople. Hence,hetookhisheadoutofhistentandsaid,Youmayleave.TheLordhasprotectedme. [Thisisaonewaynarration.Nevertheless,somenarratorshavereportedthesamefrom `AbdullahibnShaqiqwithoutreferringto`A`ishah.][93] Seemingly,`A`ishahsreportproposedthattheVersewasrevealedinMakkah.AlBayhaqi,inal Sunan9/8,supportsthisclaimandaddstheforecitedsayingofalShafi`iinwhichheclaimsthat theHolyProphet(S)wasprotectedagainstbeingkilledonly.InTafsir2/4/160,alMuraghirecords alSuyutisearliernarrationasrelatedtoIbn`AbbasandalTabarani.Hethencomments:Al TirmidhihadnarratedthattheHolyProphet(S)wasguardedinMakkahbeforetherevelationof theVerse.Notwithstanding,`A`ishahsreportdoesnotimplythattheoccurrencewasinMakkah. ItseemsthatthephraseinMakkahwasunintentionallyerasedfromtheoriginalcopyofal Tirmidhisnarration. Aboutthereportof`A`ishah,alSuyuti,inalDurralManthur2/291,records: Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

`AbdibnHumayd,alTirmidhi,ibnJarir,IbnalMundhir,ibnAbiHatam,AbulShaykh,AbuNa`im, alBayhaqiandibnMardawayhhavenarratedontheauthorityof`A`ishahthatetc. Bearingthesameindicationof`A`ishahsreport,alSuyutirecordsanumberofnarrationssomeof whichhintatthefactthattheincidentoftheguardtookplaceinalMadinah. InalDurralManthur2/2989,alSuyutirecords: AlTabaraniandIbnMardawayhhavenarratedontheauthorityofAbuSa`idalKhidrithatal `Abbas,theHolyProphet(S)suncle,wasoneofthosewhoguardedtheHolyProphet(S),but whenAlmightyAllahrevealed,AndAllahwillprotectyoufromthepeople,theguardians stopped.InDala`ilalNubuwwah,AbuNa`imhasnarratedontheauthorityofAbuDharrthatthey werealwaysaroundtheHolyProphet(S)wheneverhewenttosleepbecauseheanticipated assassination,butwhentheVerse,AndAllahwillprotectyoufromthepeoplewasrevealed,we stopped. Manyexegetesandhistorianshaveadoptedthisopinion.Asiftheyadmitit,alZamakhshari,inal Kashaf1/659,andalRazi,inTafsir6/12/50,recordtheopinionattestingthattheVersewas revealedinMakkah.Onthataccount,theyhaveindicatedthatthereportsof`A`ishah,alHasanal BasriandtheotherstalkedaboutanoccurrencethattookplaceintheearlystageoftheHoly Prophet(S)sMission.[94] ThecompilerofalSirahalHalabiyyahhasattemptedtoseizetherelationshipbetweentheVerse of`IsmahandtheHolyProphet(S)sguardsoastoinventavirtueforAbuBakr.Onpage327of part3,herecords: BeforetherevelationofAllahssaying,AndAllahwillprotectyoufromthepeople,theHoly Prophet(S)wasguardedbyanumberofpeople.ThenightjustbeforetheBattleofBadr,hewas guardedbySa`dibnMaadh.OnthedayoftheBattle,hewasguardedbyAbuBakralone.This mankeptonunsheathinghisswordwhiletheHolyProphet(S)wassleepingunderthecanopy. Unfortunately,thecompiler,bythepreviouswords,hascontradictedhimself;ifthecancellation oftheguardtookplacebeforetheimmigrationtoalMadinah,thentheguardofAbuBakrandthe othersduringtheBattleofBadrwouldbeineffective!Inaddition,itisdubioustobelievethat MuslimsusedcanopiesduringtheBattleofBadr. Finally,alHakimhasrecordedanauthenticallydocumentednarrationimplyingthatonethirdof MuslimsguardedtheHolyProphet(S)duringtheBattleofBadr.Thisisrationalbecausethey settledintheuncoveredlowareaofthebattlefield. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

AlHakim:alMustadrak2/326: IthasbeennarratedthatashewasaskedaboutSurahofalAnfal,`AbadahibnalSamitsaid,The SurahregardedusduringtheBattleofBadr.We,Muslims,werethreegroups.Thefirstgroupwas fightingthefoes;thesecondwasgatheringthespoilsandcapturingtheprisoners;andthethird wasguardingtheHolyProphet(S)nearthetentetc. Thefollowingpointsprovetheinvalidityoftheopinionofinventingarelationshipbetweenthe Verseof`IsmahandtheguardpracticedontheHolyProphet(S): (1)Theforeciteddiscussionofthefirstopinion, (2)Thesamenarrationsofthethirdopinionthatclaimedthatthecancellationoftheguardhad occurredinalMadinah,notMakkah,and (3)Themajorreportsthatsupporttheopinioninvolvedare`A`ishahsandthereportofal `AbbasshavingguardedtheHolyProphet(S).Theothersarenotauthenticated.Infact,the purposeofmostofsuchreportswastodisregardAbuTalibsroleinupholdingtheHolyProphet (S)andtoprovethathedispensedwithAbuTalibsguardinMakkah. Theearliestreportaimsatgivingal`AbbastheroleofAbuTalibofguardingtheHolyProphet(S) inMakkahsoastomakeal`AbbasthepersonthroughwhomtheLordprotectedHisMessenger againstpeople. Iftruthbetold,al`Abbas,beforetheimmigrationtoalMadinah,playedanordinaryrole.Likethe otherHashimites,hesympathizedwiththeHolyProphet(S)andsufferedthesiegeimposedupon them.Inaddition,itisunprovedthatheacceptedIslamorimmigratedtoalMadinahlike`Aliand Hamzah.WhatisknownforeverybodyisthathewascapturedduringtheBattleofBadrand acceptedIslamonlywhenhe,aswellastheotherprisoners,wasreleased.Itistoaddthatal Haythamiandotherscholarshavedecidedtheinauthenticityofthereport,whichseemstobe clearlyweak. ThirdOpinion ThethirdopinioninvolvesthattheVersewasrevealedinalMadinahwithoutadefinitedate.Al Suyutirecordsanumberofnarrationsshowingnospecifictimeforitsrevelation,thoughhe connectsthemtothematterofcancelingtheguardpracticedontheHolyProphet(S). Thereabouts,fromsomeofsuchnarrations,itcanbeunderstoodthattheVersewasrevealedin alMadinah. AlDurralManthur2989: Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

AlTabaraniandIbnMardawayhhavenarratedthefollowingontheauthorityof`IsmahibnMalik alKhatmi: WeusedtoguardtheHolyProphet(S)atnightsuntiltherevelationofAllahssaying,AndAllah willprotectyoufromthepeople.IbnJarirandAbulShaykhhavenarratedontheauthorityof Sa`idibnJubayrthatwhenAlmightyAllahrevealed,AndAllahwillprotectyoufromthepeople, theHolyProphetsaid,Donotguardmeanylonger.MyLordhasprotectedme. IbnJarirandIbnMardawayhhavenarratedontheauthorityof`AbdullahibnShaqiqthatsomeof theSahabahusedtoguardtheHolyProphet(S)wheneverhewentout,butwhenAlmightyAllah revealed,AndAllahwillprotectyoufromthepeople,hesaid,Gotoyourduties.Allahhas protectedmeagainstpeople. `AbdibnHamid,IbnJarirandAbulShaykhhavenarratedontheauthorityofMuhammadibnKa`b alQaraithattheSahabahusedtoguardtheHolyProphet(S)untiltherevelationofAlmighty Allahssaying,AndAllahwillprotectyoufromthepeople.Theguardwasthuscanceledasthe LordinformedHisMessengeraboutprotectinghimagainstpeople. `AbdibnHamidandIbnMardawayhhavenarratedontheauthorityofalRabi`ibnAnasthatthe HolyProphet(S)wasguardedbyhiscompanionsuntiltherevelationofAllahssaying,OApostle! Deliveretc.[95] ReportsrespectingtheHolyProphet(S)shistoryprovethathesoughttheArabtribesprotection sothathewouldconveyhisLordsmessage.Ansarpaidhomagetohimontheconditionsof protectinghishouseholdandhimassameastheyprotecttheyfamiliesandthemselves.These reportsandfactsinvalidatetheclaimoftheVersesrevelationinMakkah.HadtheVersebeen revealedinMakkah,theHolyProphet(S)wouldnothavebeeninneedforsuchprotectionand covenant.ReferencebooksofHadith,Tafsirandhistoryarefilledinwithnumerousnarrations concerningtheguardpracticedontheHolyProphet(S)inMakkahandalMadinah,especially duringbattles.Suchguardlasteduntilthefinalhoursofhislifetime.Theelongatedchaptersabout theguardpracticedontheHolyProphet(S)andthestoriesthattookplacethereprovethe invalidityoftheopinionunderdiscussion.Whatisstrangeisthatthesamepersonswhohave recordedsuchreportsandstoriesassertthattheHolyProphet(S)hadcanceledtheguardin MakkahoraftertheimmigrationtoalMadinahwhentheVerseof`Ismahwasrevealed,for nothingmorethantakingtheVerseawayfromtheincidentofGhadir! Fromtheprevious,wehavetorejectthereportsofthetotalcancellationoftheguardbeforethe incidentofGhadir.WehavecitedalHakimsreportrelatingthattheHolyProphet(S)wasguarded byathirdofMuslimsduringtheBattleofBadr. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

ThefollowingreportisquotedfromAhmadsalMusnad2/222: AnumberoftheHolyProphet(S)scompanionsguardedhimwhilehewasofferingprayersafter themidnightjustbeforetheBattleofTabuk.[96] TheBattleofTabuktookplaceinthelastyearoftheHolyProphet(S)slife. Readthefollowingin`UyunalAthar2/402: DuringtheBattleofBadr,Sa`dibnMaadhguardedtheHolyProphet(S)whosleptinhiscanopy. MuhammadibnMuslimahwashisguardduringtheBattleofUhud.DuringthatofKhandaq,al Zubayribnal`Awwamwashisguard.InKhaybar,theHolyProphet(S)wasguardedbyAbuAyyub alAnsari.Itissaidthathesupplicated,OAllah!ProtectAbuAyyubforheprotectedme.Bilal, Sa`dibnAbiWaqqasandDhakwanibn`AbdQaysguardedtheHolyProphet(S)inWadialQira. `AbbadibnBishrwasthecommanderoftheHolyProphet(S)sguards.WhenAllahrevealed,And Allahwillprotectyoufromthepeople,theguardwascanceled. AshehadtofindananswerforthereportstellingthattheHolyProphet(S)wasguardedduring theBattleofTabuk,thecompilerinterpretsguardingintowaiting!`UyunalAthar1/119: Regarding`AmribnShu`aybsreportconcerningguardingtheHolyProphet(S)whilehewas offeringprayersatthenightbeforetheBattleofTabuk,itseemsthattheywerewaitingforhim. TheguardoftheHolyProphet(S)wascanceledsincetherevelationofAllahssaying,AndAllah willprotectyoufromthepeople,whichwasbeforetheBattleofTabuk.Allah,however,isthe mostknowledgeable. ThisinterpretationisclearlycontrarytothemanyreportsoftheguardpracticedontheHoly Prophet(S).Atanyrate,suchreportsrefutetheclaimthattheVersewasrevealedinMakkah. Tosumitup,theclaimofthecancellationoftheguardpracticedontheHolyProphet(S)lacks evidencesinceitcontradictsthehistoryofhislife.Besides,thecontinuationoftheguardhasbeen proventhroughmanyfacts;theHashimitesguardedtheHolyProphet(S)inMakkahand, altogetherwiththerestofhiscompanions,inalMadinahuntilthelastdaysofhislifetime. Inmyconception,itseemsthattheattemptsofconnectingtheVerseof`Ismahtothecancellation oftheguarddenotestheaccuracyoftheAhlalBaytsinterpretationthattheVersestandsforthe protectionagainstapostasy.Fromthiscause,theirdissidentshaveaimedimportunatelyatciting thematerialprotectionandthecancellationoftheguardastheinterpretationoftheVerse,which ledthemtobeengagedincontrast.Nevertheless,theyhadtodisregardthestoriesrelatingthe HolyProphet(S)shavingbeenguardedandhadtooverlooktheColumnoftheGuards[97]thatis Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

stillfacingthemintheHolyProphet(S)sMasjidsinceAH9. AlAlbani,havingadmittedthattheVersewasrevealedinMakkah,refutedalHakims authenticating`A`ishahsreportthathehimselfhadalreadyauthenticated.Hethenmentioned thereportofassassinatingtheHolyProphet(S)asevidenceontheauthenticityoftheprevious report.FourthOpinion ThefourthopinionisthattheVersewasrevealedinalMadinahinthesecondyearoftheHoly Prophet(S)simmigrationaftertheBattleofUhud. AlSuyuti,inalDurralManthur2/291,recordsthefollowing: IbnAbiShaybahandIbnJarirhavenarratedontheauthorityof`AtiyyahibnSa`dthat`Abadahibn alSamit,once,cametotheHolyProphet(S)andsaid,AllahsMessenger:Ihaveconcludeda covenantofloyaltywithmanyoftheJews,butInowdeclarethatIdisavowsuchcovenantsand declaremyloyaltytoAllahandHisMessenger.`AbdullahibnUbaywaspresent;hespoke,For me,Ifearvicissitudesoftime.Icannotbreakmycovenantwiththem.Hence,theHolyProphet saidtohim,AbuHabbab:Youhaveappreciatedthecovenantbrokenby`Abadah;so,youcan keepitforyourselfalone.`Abdullahthenaccepted.Onthataccount,AlmightyAllahrevealed,O youwhobelieve!DonottaketheJewsandtheChristiansforfriendandAllahwillprotectyou fromthepeople. Thepreviousdiscussionofthenarrationsoftheguardissufficientforprovingthefalsehoodof thisreport.Inaddition,thereportwasthewordsof`AtiyyahibnSa`d,nottheHolyProphet(S). Finally,theVersesremarkedinthereportwere51to67ofSurahofalMa`idahwhichnosingle narratorhaseverclaimedthattheywererevealedbecauseofthestoryof`AbdullahibnUbays loyaltytotheJews.Atlength,`AbdullahwasdeceasedbeforetherevelationofSurahofal Ma`idah. FifthOpinion ThefifthopinionisthattheVersewasrevealedimmediatelyafteranattemptofassassinatingthe HolyProphet(S).Contradictionisthedistinctivefeatureofthereportsnarratingthat assassination;somenarratorshavetoldthattheattempttookplaceduringtheBattleofThatal Riqa`whenapersonapproachedtheHolyProphet(S)andaskedforhisswordsothathewould seecarefully.TheHolyProphet(S)gavehimhisswordsonegligentlyetc.Othernarrationshave mentionedthattheswordwashangedorthattheHolyProphet(S)wasinadvertentorthathe wasdippinghislegsinawelletc. AlSuyuti,inalDurralManthur2/2989,recordsthefollowing: Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 IbnAbiHatamhasnarratedontheauthorityofJabiribn`AbdullahthataftertheBattleofThatal Riqa`,theHolyProphet(S)restedonawellanddippedhislegstherein.Meanwhile,Ghawrathibn alHarthdecidedtokillhimbuthiscompanionsasked,Howwillyoukillhim?Iwillaskhimto givemehisswordandIwillkillhimthen,saidGhawrath.Hethenapproachedandsaid, Muhammad:Givemeyoursword.TheHolyProphet(S)did.Assoonasthemanheldthesword, hishandsbegantoshiver.Allahhasprecludedyoufromwhatyouhadintendedtodo,saidthe HolyProphet(S).Hence,AlmightyAllahrevealed,OApostle!Deliverwhatetc. IbnJarirhasnarratedontheauthorityofMuhammadibnKa`bAlQaraithattheHolyProphet(S), once,restedunderatreewhenaBedouinmanunsheathedhisswordandshouted,Whowill protectyouagainstme?Allahwill,answeredtheHolyProphet(S).Suddenly,themanshands shiveredandhecouldnolongerholdthesword.[Othersadded]Herammedhisheadtoatree andhisbrainwasscattered.Hence,Allahrevealed,AndAllahwillprotectyoufromthepeople. IbnHabbanandIbnMardawayhhavereportedontheauthorityofAbuHurayrahthattheHoly Prophet(S),once,restedunderatree,whichwasthemostextensivebecauseweusedtoselect thelargesttreeforhimduringjourneys.Hehangedhisswordtothattreewhenamancameand drewtheswordshouting,Muhammad!Whowillprotectyouagainstme.Allahwill,saidthe HolyProphet(S),Putthatswordaway.Hence,Allahrevealed,AndAllahwillprotectyoufrom thepeople. Othernarratorshavereportedthatapersonwasarrestedbecausehehadtriedtoassassinatethe HolyProphet(S).InalDurralManthur2/299,ithasbeennarratedthattheHolyProphetsaidto thearrestedmanwhowaschargedoftryingtoassassinatehim,Youshouldhaveregardedme! Evenifyouhadhadsuchanopportunity,AlmightyAllahwouldhavepreventedyoufromdoingit. Theinaccuracyofthisopinioncanbeprovedthroughthefollowingpoints: (1)AccordingtoibnHusham,inalSirah3/225,theBattleofThatalRiqa`tookplaceinAH4.Many yearsafterthisdate,SurahofalMa`idahwasrevealed.Somereportsoftheincidenthavenot definedadateandothershavebeenlogicallyunacceptable. (2)ThemajorreferencebooksrecordingthestoryofGhawrathandtheBattleofThatalRiqa` havenotreferredtotherevelationoftheVerseof`Ismah;rathermostofthemhavereferredto thelegislationoftheritualPrayerofAnticipatingDangers(SalatalKhawf)andthepracticeof morewatchfulguardontheHolyProphet(S)evenduringprayers. ThesetwopointsaresufficientforrefutingtheclaimoftherevelationoftheVerseonsuch occasions. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 IbnHushamhasmentionedthatAlmightyAllahssaying,Oyouwhobelieve!RememberAllahs favoronyouwhenapeoplehaddeterminedtostretchforththeirhandstowardsyou,butHe withheldtheirhandsfromyou,wasrevealedonthatoccasion.[98]Thisisalsoinaccuratesince theVerseisalsoinSurahofalMa`idah. AlBukhari,aswellasmanyothers,hasmentionedthattheVersewasrevealedfortheSalatal KhawfandthepracticeofmorewatchfulguardontheHolyProphet(S)duetothatincident: IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofJabiribn`AbdullahthattheHolyProphet(S),once,rested underatreetowhichhehangedhisswordinhisjourneybackfromacampaigninNajd.Aseach onesearchedforatreetosleepunderitsshadow,theywerewakedupbytheHolyProphet(S)s loudvoice.Whentheyapproached,theysawaBedouinmansittingbeforehim.TheHolyProphet (S)thensaid,WhileIwassleeping,thismanunsheathedmysword;soIwokeupandsawhim raisingittowardsmesayingWhowillprotectyouagainstme?Allahwill,Ianswered.Theresult theniswhatyouseenow.TheHolyProphet(S),however,didnotpunishhim. IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofAbuSalamahthatJabiribn`Abdullahreportedthatin ThatalRiqa`,theHolyProphet(S)restedunderalargetreethatwehaveleftforhim.Apolytheist cameandunsheathedtheHolyProphet(S)ssword,whichwashangedtothetreeandsaid,Well, nowyoushouldfearme.No,Ishouldnot,answeredtheHolyProphet(S).Whowillprotectyou againstme?saidtheman.Allahwill,answeredtheHolyProphet(S).Wethencameand threatenedthatman.Thenitwastimeforaprayer;hence,theHolyProphet(S)ledagroupofus inatwoRak`ahprayerthentheothergroupcameinstead. IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofMusaddadontheauthorityofAbu`Uwanahonthe authorityofAbuBishrthatthepolytheistmansnamewasGhawrathibnalHarth.[99] ThemostacceptableformofGhawrathsstorycanbeseeninalKulayni:alKafi8/127: IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofAbanibnTaghlibontheauthorityofAbuBasirthatImam Abu`AbdullahalSadiq(a.s.),once,narratedthatwhiletheHolyProphet(S)restedunderatree ontheedgeofavalley,atorrentcamebetweenhiscompanionsandhim.Hence,thecompanions waitedforthattorrenttostop.Meanwhile,apolytheistmandeterminedtokilltheHolyProphet (S);heattackedhimwithhisswordshouting,Whowillprotectyouagainstme?Yourandmy Lordwill,answeredtheHolyProphet(S).Immediately,ArchangelGabrielknockedthatman down.TheHolyProphet(S)tooktheswordandsatonhischestsaying,Now,whowillprotectyou againstme,Ghawrath?Yourbenevolenceandhumanitywill,saidtheman.Forthwith,theHoly Prophet(S)lefthim.Themanstoodupshouting,ByAllahIswear,youarebetterandmore benevolentthanIam. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 MajorreferencebooksofHadithhavenotmentionedthattheVersewasrevealedduringthe BattleofThatalRiqa`orontheoccasionofGhawrathsattemptofassassination.Furthermore,it hasbeenclearthatafterthatincident,theHolyProphet(S)orderedtoguardhimmorewatchfully evenduringtheprayers. Theadoptersofthisopinionmayhaveunderstoodthatthecancelingoftheguardmeantthatthe HolyProphetsuspectedthedivineprotection! ThefollowingopinionsofibnHajarandalQurtubiisapartoftheirconfusionininventinga relationshipbetweentheVerseof`IsmahandGhawrathsstory.AlQurtubisaysthattheHoly Prophet(S)shavingbeingaloneduringtheeventsofthestoryprovesthathewasnotguarded and,asasequence,theVerseof`Ismahwasalreadyrevealed.IbnHajaranswers,No,theVerse wasrevealedonthatday;so,theguardsjobwascanceled.Beforethat,theHolyProphet(S)s convictionwassometimesincreasingandinothertimesdecreasing.Hetookguardswheneverhis confidencedecreasedandcanceleditwhenhisconfidenceincreased.Duringtheeventsof Ghawrathsstory,theHolyProphet(S)sconfidencewasconsiderable;therefore,hewasnot guarded.[100] IbnHajarmissesthefactthatSurahofalMa`idahwasrevealedinAH10whiletheBattleofThat alRiqa`tookplaceinAH4andthatAbuHurayrah(thereporteroftheincident)puthisfeet,for thefirsttime,inalMadinahinAH7.HealsomissesthatSalatalKhawfandthewatchfulguard werelegislatedinThatalRiqa`.However,hisoneandonlyaimwastotaketheVerseof`Ismah awayfromtheincidentsonGhadirKhumm. ThereportsconfirmingthattheHolyProphet(S)wasguardedduringtheBattleofTabukthattook placesixyearsaftertheBattleofThatalRiqa`havebeenalreadyforecited.Throughauthentic reports,wehaveprovedthattheHolyProphet(S)wasguardedevenduringtheconquestof Makkahthattookplacefouryearsaftertheforecitedincident.Readthefollowingnarrationas quotedfromalBukhari:alSahih5/91: IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofHushamontheauthorityofhisfatherthatwhenpeople ofQurayshwereinformedabouttheHolyProphet(S)sprogresstowardsMakkah,AbuSufyanibn Harb,HakimibnHizamandBadilibnWarqa`TheHolyProphet(S)sguardscouldcapturethem etc. SixthOpinion ThesixthopinionclaimsthattheVerseisgenerallyreferringtotheHolyProphet(S)shavingbeen orderedtoconveytheLordsmessage,lestheshouldnotberegardedasconveyor. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 ThefollowingisquotedfromalDurralManthur2/299: `AbdibnHamid,IbnJarir,IbnalMundhir,IbnAbiHatamandAbulShaykhhavenarratedonthe authorityofQatadahthatinthisVerse,theLordacquaintsHisMessengerthathewillprotecthim againstpeopleandordershimtoconveythemessageetc. Togreatextent,thisopinionissimilartothefirstone.Theprevioustopicsmaybeenoughfor refutation.Besides,thereportsofthisopinionarenotdocumentedandnotenoughforachieving theconditiontherein.

TheOpinionAgreeingtheAhlalBaytsInterpretation Letusfirstrefertothefollowingnarrations: AlSuyuti:alDurralManthur2/298:IbnAbiHatam,IbnMardawayhandIbn`Asakirhavenarrated ontheauthorityofAbuSa`idalKhidrithattheVerseof`IsmahwasrevealedtotheHolyProphet (S)onthedayofGhadirregarding`AliibnAbiTalib.IbnMardawayhhasnarratedthatIbnMas`ud said,BeforetheHolyProphet(S),weusedtorecitetheVerseinthisform,OApostle!Deliver whathasbeenrevealedtoyoufromyourLord(i.e.aboutthematterthat`Alibeingtheleaderof thebelievers)andifyoudoitnot,thenyouhavenotdeliveredHismessage. AbuJa`faralIskafi:alMi`yarwalMuwazanah213: IthasbeennarratedthatJabiribn`Abdullahand`Abdullahibnal`AbbassaidthattheHoly Prophet(S)feltsomefearwhenAlmightyAllahorderedhimtonominate`Aliasthenextleader andinstructpeopletopayhomagetohim.Heanticipatedthatpeoplewouldaccusehimof favoringhiscousin.Hence,AlmightyAllahrevealed,OApostle!Deliveretc.Onthatdayin GhadirKhumm,theHolyProphet(S)deliveredthemessagetopeople. Asafootnote,headds: AlSuyuti,inalDurralManthur,recordsthatIbnMardawayhandIbn`Asakirhavenarratedonthe authorityofAbuSa`idalKhidrithataftertheHolyProphet(S)hadnominated`Aliasthenext leaderandaskedpeopletopayhimhomage,ArchangelGabrielconveyedAlmightyAllahssaying, ThisdayhaveIcompletedyourreligionforyouandperfectedMyfavoronyouetc.[101] Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 AlKhatib,alHasakani,Ibn`Asakir,IbnKathir,alKhawarzmiandIbnalMaghazilihavenarrated thatAbuHurayrahsaid,WhoeverobservesfastingontheeighteenthofDhulHijjahwillbe grantedtherewardofasixtymonthfasting.ItisthedayofGhadirwhentheHolyProphet(S)took `AliibnAbiTalibfromthehandandsaid,Iamthemasterofthebelievers,arentI?Yes,youare, affirmedpeople.Hethendeclared,Whoeverhasregardedmeashismastermustregard`Alias hismaster.`UmaribnalKhattabthensaidto`Ali,CongratulationssonofAbuTalib!Youhave becomemymasterandthemasterofeveryMuslim.Then,AlmightyAllahrevealed,Thisday haveIcompletedyourreligionforyouandperfectedMyfavoronyouetc.[102] SayyidalTabataba`i,inTafsiralMizan6/54,recordsthefollowing: AlTha`labiinTafsirhasrecordedthatJa`faribnMuhammadsaid,AlmightyAllahssaying,O Apostle!DeliverwhathasbeenrevealedtoyoufromyourLord,refersto`Ali.Immediatelyafter therevelationoftheVerse,theHolyProphet(S)took`Alifromthehandanddeclared,Whoever hasregardedmeashismastermustnowregard`Aliashismaster. IthasbeenalsonarratedontheauthorityofalKalbiontheauthorityofAbuSalihonthe authorityofIbn`AbbasthattheVersewasrevealedabout`AliibnAbiTalib.Allahorderedthe HolyProphet(S)toinstructpeopletopayhomageto`Ali;so,hetookhimfromthearmand declared,Whoeverhasregardedmeashismastermustnowregard`Aliashismaster.OAllah!Be thesupporterofhimwhowillsupport`Aliandbetheenemyofhimwhowillantagonize`Ali. Thefollowingisquotedfrom`AllamahalAmini:alGhadir1/214: TheVersewasrevealedontheeighteenthofDhulHijjah,AH10,theyearoftheFarewellHajj. WhentheHolyProphet(S)residedinGhadirKhumm,ArchangelGabrielcametohimandsaid, Muhammad:AlmightyAllahgreetsyouandsays:OApostle!Deliverwhathasbeenrevealedto you(i.e.regarding`Alisuccession)fromyourLord;andifyoudoitnot,thenyouhavenot deliveredHismessage,andAllahwillprotectyoufromthepeople.Theforegoingpeoplewho weremorethan100,000individualswereabouttoreachalJuhafah.TheHolyProphet(S)ordered themtoreturnandorderedtheotherstohaltinthatplace.Hethennominated`Aliastheleader ofMuslimsandtoldthemaboutthedivinerevelationthatAlmightyAllahwouldprotecthim againstpeople.FortheImamiyyah,thisfactisindisputable.Yet,weshouldprovidereportsfrom SunnireferencebooksofHadithasevidences. AlAmini,thereafter,referstothirtySunnireferencebooksthathaverelatedreportsrespecting therevelationoftheVerseaboutImam`Alissuccession.Letusnowrefertosomeofthemin brief: Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

1.AlTabari,AbuJa`farMuhammadibnJarir(diedinAH310):alWilayah.Inthisbook,hehas narratedontheauthorityofZaydibnArqamthatwhentheHolyProphet(S)wasbackfromthe FarewellHajj,heresidedinGhadirKhumm.Itwasthefirsthoursofthatextremelyhotdaywhen heorderedtosweepaheightthereandgatherpeople.Assoonastheywerebeforehim,he deliveredaneloquentsermonsaying,TheLordhasrevealedtomeetc. 2.AlHanali,ibnAbiHatamAbuMuhammadalRazi(diedinAH327) 3.AlMahamili,Abu`Abdullah(diedinAH330.)InalAmali,hehasrelatedthereporttoIbn `Abbas. 4.AlFarisi,AbuBakralShirazi(diedinAH407);hehasrelatedthereporttoibn`Abbas. 5.IbnMardawayh(AH323416);hehasrelatedontheauthorityAbuSa`idalKhidrithattheVerse wasrevealedonthatdayinGhadirKhummfordeclaringtheleadershipof`AliibnAbiTalib.He hasalsorecordedthatIbnMas`udsaid,InthepresenceoftheHolyProphet(S),weusedtorecite theVerseof`Ismahas,OApostle!DeliverwhathasbeenrevealedtoyoufromyourLord(i.e. regarding`Alibeingtheleaderofthebelievers)andifyoudoitnot,thenyouhavenotdelivered Hismessage. 6.AlTha`labi,AbuIshaqalNisapuri(diedinAH427);hehasrecordedthereportinalKashfwal Bayan. 7.AlIsfahani,AbuNa`im(diedinAH430);hehasrecordedthereportinMaNazalaMinalQuran fiHaqq`Ali(TheQuranicVersesAbout`Ali). 8.AlWahidi,AbulHasanalNisapuri,(diedinAH468);InAsbabalNuzul,hehasrelatedthe report. 9.AlSajistani,AbuSa`id,(diedinAH477);hehasnarratedthereportinalWilayah. 10.AlHasakani,alHakimAbulQasim;inShawahidalTanzilliQawa`idalTafdilWalTa`wil,hehas recordedthereport. 11.Ibn`Asakir,AbulQasimalShafi`i(diedinAH471);hehasrelatedthereporttoAbuSa`idal Khidri. 12.AlNatanzi,AbulFath;inalKhasa`isal`Alawiyyah,hehasrecordedthereport. 13.AlRazi,FakhralDinalShafi`i(diedinAH606);inalTafsiralKabir3/636,hehasrecordedthat Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

theVersewasrevealedfor`Ali.TheProphet(S)tookhimfromthehandanddeclared,Whoever hasregardedmeashismastermustnowregard`Aliashismaster. 14.AlNasibi,AbuSalimalShafi`i(diedinAH652);hehasrecordedthereportinMatalibalSa`ul 16. 15.AlRas`ani,`IzzalDinalMawslialHanbali(borninAH589) 16.AlHamawini,AbuIshaq,ShaykhalIslam(diedinAH722);inFara`idalSimtayn,hehas recordedthereportontheauthorityofhisthreemasters:SayyidBurhanalDinIbrahimibn`Umar alHusaynialMadani,ShaykhMajdalDin`AbdullahibnMahmudalMawsliandBadralDin MuhammadibnMuhammadibnAs`adalBukhariontheauthorityofAbuHurayrah. 17.AlHamadani,`Ali(diedinAH786);inMawaddatalQurba,hehasrecordedthatalBarra`ibn `Azibsaid,IaccompaniedtheHolyProphet(S)inthejourneybackfromtheFarewellHajj.Aswe reachedGhadirKhumm,hegatheredpeople,sattoatreeandtook`Alifromthehandandsaid,I ampreferredtoyoursouls,arentI?Yes,youare,Allahsmessenger!assertedpeople.Whoever hasregardedmeashismastermustnowregard`Aliashismaster.OAllah!Bethesupporterof himwhowillsupport`Aliandbetheenemyofhiswhowilloppose`Ali,declaredtheHolyProphet (S).`Umar,MayAllahpleasehim,met`Aliandsaid,Congratulations,`AliibnAbiTalib!Youhave becomemymasterandthemasterofeverymaleandfemalebeliever.Thatwastheresultof Allahssaying,OApostle!Deliveretc. 18.BadralDinibnal`AynialHanafi(AH762855);in`UmdatalQarifiSharhSahihalBukhari 8/584,hehasrecordedthereportrespectingtheVerseontheauthorityofalWahidi. WahhabisandtheHadithofGhadir ItisstrangetofindtheopinionoftheAhlalBaytregardingtheinterpretationoftheVerseof `IsmahinSunnireferencebooksofHadith,becauseitcollapsestheclaimsaboutImamateand successionoftheHolyProphet(S)whichpeopleofQurayshandtheirfanshavesparednoefforts inattemptingtoconvinceMuslimswith.Fromthiscause,Nasibisareextremelyincensedforthe existenceoftheHadithofGhadironinnumerablepagesofSunnireferencebooksofHadith.They havealwayswishedhadsuchreportsbeenerasedfromsuchbooks.Consequently,theyhave showeredinsultsandaccusationsattheShi`ahandtheirscholarsfortheyhavealwaysreferredto theexistenceofsuchreportsinsuchbooks.Instead,theyshouldhavestudiedsuchreportsonthe lightoftheQuranandtheauthenticHadiths. AlAlbani;inSalsalatalAHadithalSahihah5/644,hasrecordedthefollowing: Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

TheHolyProphet(S)usedtobeguardeduntiltherevelationAlmightyAllahsaying,AndAllahwill protectyoufromthepeople.Hethentookhisheadoutofthetentandorderedtheguardsto leavehimsincehewouldbeprotectedbytheLord. AlTirmidhi(2/175),IbnJarir(6199)andalHakim(2/3)havenarratedthereportontheauthority ofalHarithibn`UbaydontheauthorityofSa`idalJaririontheauthorityof`AbdibnShaqiqonthe authorityof`A`ishah.AlTirmidhi,however,hasregardeditasstrange.Othershavereportediton theauthorityofthesameseriesexcept`A`ishah.ThisisinfactmoreaccuratebecausealHarith ibn`UbaydwhoisthesameasAbuQudamahalIyadiisratherdoubtfulinaffairsregardinghis memorization.Abouthim,alHafisaysthatalthoughheishonest,hemakesmistakes.Someof thosetowhomalTirmidhihadreferred,suchasIsma`ilibn`Ilyahthetrustworthy,contradicted thisopinion.IbnJarirhasnarratedthereportontheauthorityofIsma`ilontheauthorityofal Jaririinterruptedly.Hence,thereportisactuallyinterruptedlytransmittedandalHakimshaving decideditsauthenticityasrelatedontheauthorityof`A`ishahisinaccuratealthoughalDhahbi hasregardeditasauthentic,too. Inconclusion,thereportisauthenticsinceithasbeentestifiedbythereportofAbuHurayrahthat theProphet(S),once,restedunderatree,whichwasthemostextensivebecauseweusedto selectthelargesttreeforhimduringjourneys.Hehangedhisswordtothattreewhenaman cameanddrewtheswordshouting,Muhammad!Whowillprotectyouagainstme.Allahwill, saidtheHolyProphet(S),Putthatswordaway.Hence,Allahrevealed,AndAllahwillprotectyou fromthepeople.AccordingtoIbnKathir,alBidayahwalNihayah6/198,IbnHabban,inalSahih, andIbnMardawayhhaverecordedthepreviousnarrationfromtwowaysofdocumentationetc. ItisworthmentioningthattheShi`ah,dependinguponnumerousnarrationsmostofwhichare incompleteorinterruptedlytransmitted,haveclaimedthattheVersewasrevealedonthatdayin GhadirKhummfor`Ali,MayAllahpleasehim,.Thisishowevercontrarytotheforecitedreports. TheyhavecitedAbuSa`idalKhidrisreport,whichisforged.Ihaveproventhisfactduring discussingthereportnumbered4922.Withoutstudyingitsdocumentation,`AbdalHusayn[103] theShiitehasreferredtoofsuchnarrationsinalMurajaat38.Sincehisonlypurposewastoenlist anywordthatmayservehissect,heusedtociteanynarrationasevidencewithoutpayingany attentiontoitsdocumentationordiscriminatorystudy.However,theShi`ahhaveadoptedthe rulethattheendjustifiesthemeans. Bewareofthismanandhisnarrations!Moreover,heusedtodefraud,ifnotlieto,thereaders; referringtothereportthatwasfalselyascribedtoAbuSa`idalKhidri,forinstance,themanhas claimedthatamanycompilersofSunnireferencebooksofHadith,suchasalWahidi,have recordedthatreport.EventhebeginnersknowthatalWahidiisnotoneofthecompilersofthe fourmostremarkableSunnireferencebooksofHadith.HeisaninterpreteroftheHolyQuran whomighthavementionedauthenticanddoubtfulreportsindistinctly.However,AbuSa`idal Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

Khidrisreportwasdoubtfulbecauseithasbeennarratedontheauthorityofextremelydoubtful andneglectednarrators. AftertheyhadadoptedTaqiyyah(pioussimulation),theShi`ahhavedeemedlawfultoforgelies againstSunnisintheirbooksandsermons.ThismatterisclearlyunveiledinalKhomaynisbook entitledKashfal`Asrar.ItisquiteevidentthatTaqiyyahisthespouseoffabrication.Accordingly, ShaykhalIslamIbnTaymiyah,whoknewtheShi`ahmorethananyoneelsedid,said,TheShi`ah arethebiggestfabricatorsofallMuslims.Imyselfobviouslynoticedthefabricationofsomeof theirscholars,especially`AbdalHusaynwhohasdeludedthereadersintoimaginingthatthe authenticityofthereportisbeyonddisputefortheSunnischolarbecauseofitsnumerouswaysof narration. AlKhumaynihasbeenbiggerfabricator!Onpage149oftheforecitedbook,hehasclaimedthe revelationofVerseof`IsmahonthedayofGhadirinwhichtheProphet(S)wasorderedtodeclare theImamateof`AliibnAbiTalib.HehasascribedthistoSunnischolarsanddecidedtheunanimity oftheShi`ahonthatmatter.Allahmayrewardthatmanasexactlyaswhathedeserves. AnsweringalAlbani,wesay,first,thatthestyleofinsultsandrevilingatpeople,aswellasissuing inaccuratejudgments,shouldbeeluded,foritisnotrightfulforalAlbanitoclassifytheIslamic groupsastotheirhonestyanddishonesty.AmongSunnisandShiites,therearevariouskindsof people.Yet,Nasibisareexcludedfortheyaresubjectedtodefiniterules.AlAlbanishouldnot forgetthathedefendedImam`Ali(a.s.)andrefutedibnTaymiyahwhowrongedhimanddenied thattheHolyProphetsaidabouthiminthefamousincidentofGhadirKhumm,Whoeverhas regardedmeashismastermustnowregard`Aliashismaster.OAllah!Bethesupporterofhim whowillsupport`Aliandbetheenemyofhimwhowilloppose`Ali.Inthesameplace,alAlbani, inSalsalatalAHadithalSahihah5/330,No.1750,hasdecidedtheauthenticityoftheforecited Hadith.IbnTaymiyahwouldneverbeexpectedtogivetheShi`ahtheirduesincehehadwronged theirImam! Onpage344ofthesamebook,alAlbaniadds: AsIsawIbnTaymiyahconsideringtheHadith[104]asdoubtfulinitsfirsthalfanduntrueinits second,IhavehadtowritedownthesepagesandprovethattheHadithisauthentic.Inmy conception,thereasonbeyondsuchexaggerationofIbnTaymiyahwasthatheusedtobehastyin decidingtheinauthenticityofsomeHadithsbeforestudyingthem!Nevertheless,theShi`ahhave beencompletelyinaccurateastheyclaimedthattheHolyProphet(S)nominated`Aliashis successorthroughsuchHadiths.Historyhasproventhefalsityofthisclaim;iftheHolyProphet(S) hadindeedsaidsuchathing,itshouldhaveoccurredbecausethesourceofhiswordsistheDivine RevelationandAllahneverbreaksHispromise. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

WhilehecriticizesibnTaymiyahshastiness,alAlbanihimselfjumpedtoinaccurateconclusions confusingthelegislativeinstructionwiththedivineprediction.HadalAlbaniswordsbeenright, theHadiththathealreadydecidedasauthenticwouldhavebeeninvalid.Inotherwords,theHoly Prophet(S)ssaying,Whoeverhasregardedmeashismastermustnowregard`Aliashismaster, whichalAlbanihasdecidedasauthenticmusthavebeenoriginatedfromtheDivineRevelation, too.Hence,suchadivineprediction,asalAlbanihasdecided,shouldbefallandthat`Alishouldbe theleaderofMuslimswhoshouldprecedehimtothemselvesinthesamewayastheypreceded theHolyProphet(S).However,thismatterdidnottakeplace;onthecontrary,theyattackedthe houseof`AliandFatimahtwoorthreedaysaftertheHolyProphet(S)sdepartureandthreatened flamingthehouseifthepeopletherewouldnotcomeoutandpayhomagetothenewleader. Finally,theyforced`Alitopayhomage.Alltheseeventsareasclearasthesun.Onthataccount, theHolyProphet(S)ssaying,`Aliwillbemysuccessorisassameashissaying,Whoeverhas regardedmeashismastermustnowregard`Aliashismaster.Iftheearlierisdivineprediction, asalAlbaniclaims,thelattershouldbe,too!Bothtextsrefertoalegislativeinstructionanda guideleadingMuslimstotheirdutiessothatanycontraryeventwouldnottakeplace. Secondly,alAlbanihasdecidedthereportdedicatingtheVerseof`Ismahtotheeventofthe congregationaldeclarationofloyaltyinGhadirasinauthentic;hashestudiedthereportssoasto havetherighttosaythatmostofthesenarrationshavebeenincompletelytransmittedor doubtful?HasheinvestigatedthewaysofnarratingtheHadiththatwasreportedbyalTha`labi, AbuNa`im,alWahidi,AbuSa`idalSajistani,alHasakaniandmanyothers?Hashescrutinized thesewaysofnarrationbeforehedecidedthatmostofthemhavebeenincompletelytransmitted ordoubtful?Hashefoundthatanyofthenarratorsareneglectedbyhim?Finally,hecommitted thesameerrorofIbnTaymiyahwhomhehadcriticized! Inanyevent,alAlbanistillhasenoughtimetocorrecthiserrors.Wehopethathewouldwrite downhisnotesrespectingthediscussionoftheexegesisoftheVerseof`Ismahandstudy,onhis owncriteria,thewaysofnarrationanddocumentationthatwehavecitedprovidedthathewould notcontradicthispreviouswordsandavoiddecidinganarratorasdoubtfulfornothingotherthan havingreferredtoImam`Alismeritswhileheadmitsontheotherreportsrelatingthemeritsof Imam`Alisrivals! Letusnowrefertothewaysofdocumentationquotedfromonereferencebook,whichis ShawahidalTanzilliQawa`idalTafdil[105]byalHakimalHasakani`Abdullahibn`Abdullahibn Ahmadal`AmirialQurayshithestudentofalHakimalNisapuri.Onpages2507,hewritesdown: 244.Abu`AbdullahAlDaynurihasnarratedtousontheauthorityofAhmadibnMuhammadibn IshaqibnIbrahimalSunniontheauthorityof`AbdalRahmanibnHamdanontheauthorityof Muhammadibn`Uthmanal`AbsiontheauthorityofIbrahimibnMuhammadibnMaymunonthe Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

authorityof`Aliibn`AbisalA`mashontheauthorityofAbulJihafDawudibnAbi`Awfonthe authorityof`AttiyyahontheauthorityofAbuSa`idalKhidrithattheVerseof`Ismahwasrevealed about`AliibnAbiTalib. 245.AlHakimAbu`AbdullahalHafizhasnarratedtousontheauthorityof`Aliibn`Abdal Rahmanibn`saalDahqaninalKufahontheauthorityofalHusaynibnalHakamalHibrionthe authorityofalKalbiontheauthorityofAbuSalihontheauthorityofIbn`AbbasthattheVerseof `Ismahwasrevealedabout`Ali.Immediatelyaftertherevelation,theHolyProphet(S)carriedout thedivineorderofconveying.Hetook`Alifromthehandanddeclared,Whoeverhasregarded meashismastermustnowregard`Aliashismaster.OAllah!Bethesupporterofhimwhowill support`Aliandbetheenemyofhimwhowillopposehim. 246.AgroupofpeoplehavenarratedthesamereportontheauthorityofalHibri,andalSubay`i inhisbookofTafsirhasalsonarratedontheauthorityofalHibri.Otherpeoplehavenarratedit ontheauthorityofalKalbi.IhavecompiledabookintenvolumesandentitledDuatalHudatIla Ada`HaqqalMuwalatinwhichIhavereferredtothewaysofthedocumentationofthisreportin details. 247.AbuBakralSukkarihasnarratedtousontheauthorityofAbu`AmralMuqrionthe authorityofalHasanibnSufyanontheauthorityofAhmadibnAzharontheauthorityof`Abdal Rahmanibn`AmribnJibillahontheauthorityof`UmaribnNa`imibn`UmaribnQaysalMasiron theauthorityofhisgrandfatherthat`AbdullahibnAbiAwfa,onthatdayinGhadirKhumm,heard theHolyProphet(S)recitingtheVerseof`Ismah.Hethenraisedhishandssoupwardlythathis armpitswereseenandsaid,Whoeverhasregardedmeashismastermustnowregard`Aliashis master.OAllah!Bethesupporterofhimwhowillsupport`Aliandbetheenemyofhimwhowill oppose`Ali.OAllah!Bethewitness. 248.`AmribnMuhammadibnAhmadhasnarratedtousontheauthorityofZahiribnAhmadon theauthorityofAbuBakrMuhammadibnYahyaalSawliontheauthorityofalMughirahibn Muhammadontheauthorityof`AliibnMuhammadibnSulaymanalNawfaliontheauthorityof hisfatherthatZiyadibnalMundhirsaid:IwaspresentwhenAbuJa`farMuhammadibn`Ali (ImamalBaqir),whileinstructingpeople,wasaskedbyamannamed`UthmanalA`shawhoused torelatealHasanalBasrisinstructions,SonofAllahsMessenger:MayAllahmakemysoulyour ransom!Once,alHasanrecitedtheVerseof`Ismahthencommentedthatitwasrevealedabout somebodywhomhehadnotidentified.TheImamsaid,Hewouldhavetoldifhehadwanted. Nevertheless,hefearedmisfortunes!ArchangelGabriel,once,descendedtotheHolyProphet(S) andconveyedthattheLordorderedhimtoinstructpeoplehowtoperformtheritualprayers;so, hecarriedout. HethendescendedandconveyedthattheLordorderedtheHolyProphet(S)toinstructpeople Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

howtofast;so,hecarriedout.HethendescendedandconveyedthattheLordorderedtheHoly Prophet(S)toinstructpeoplehowtoundertaketheritualHajj;so,hecarriedout.Hethen descendedandconveyedthattheLordorderedtheHolyProphet(S)toleadpeopletotheirleader sothattheLordwouldhaveHisclaimagainstthemperfected.TheHolyProphetsaid,MyLord: MypeoplehavestillbornthecustomsofJahiliyah.Theyarefilledinwithrivalryandpride.The manwhomIshouldintroduceastheirleaderhasbeheadedasingleman,atleast,fromeach houseofmypeople. IanticipatethattheywouldapostatizefromthereligionifIdeclarethat.Immediately,Almighty Allahrevealed,OApostle!DeliverwhathasbeenrevealedtoyoufromyourLord;andifyoudoit not,thenyouhavenotdeliveredHismessage(socompletely),andAllahwillprotectyoufromthe people;surelyAllahwillnotguidetheunbelievingpeople.WhentheHolyProphet(S)guaranteed theprotectionofAlmightyAllah,hetook`AliibnAbiTalibfromthehandandsaid,People: Whoeverhasregardedmeashismastermustnowregard`Aliashismaster.OAllah!Bethe supporterofhimwhowillsupport`Aliandbetheenemyofhimwhowilloppose`Aliandgive victorytohimwhowillsupport`Alianddisappointhimwhowilldisappoint`Aliandlovehimwho willlove`Alianddislikehimwhowilldislike`Ali.Commentingonthenarration,`UthmanalA`sha said,ThebestthingthatIevergainedduringthatjourneywasthisnarration. 249.`AliibnMusaibnIshaqhasnarratedtomeontheauthorityofMuhammadibnMas`udibn MuhammadontheauthorityofSahlibnBahrontheauthorityofalFadlibnShadhanonthe authorityofMuhammadibnAbi`Umayrontheauthorityof`Umaribn`Udhaynahonthe authorityofalKalbiontheauthorityofAbuSalihthatIbn`AbbasandJabiribn`Abdullahsaidthat theHolyProphet(S)anticipatedthatpeoplewouldcriticizeandrevileathimwhenhewould conveyhisLordsinstructionsofnominating`Aliastheirnextleader.Heexpectedthemtoaccuse himoffavoringhiscousinforpersonalgoals.Hence,AlmightyAllahrevealedtheVerseof`Ismah. Immediately,theHolyProphet(S)declaredthat`AliwouldbethenextleaderofMuslims.That wasinGhadirKhumm. 250.MuhammadibnalQasimibnAhmadhasnarratedtomeontheauthorityofAbuJa`far Muhammadibn`AliontheauthorityofhisfatherontheauthorityofSa`dibn`Abdullahonthe authorityofAhmadibn`AbdullahalBarqiontheauthorityofhisfatherontheauthorityofKhalaf ibn`AmmaralAsadiontheauthorityofAbulHasanal`AbdiontheauthorityofalA`mashonthe authorityof`AbayahibnRab`ithat`Abdullahibn`Abbas(narratingthestoryoftheHolyProphet (S)sNightAscension)saidthatAlmightyAllahsaid,IhaveassignedavicegerentforeachProphet (S)andthusyouaretheMessengerofAllahand`Aliisyourvicegerent. WhentheHolyProphet(S)returnedtotheearth,hedislikedtellingpeopleaboutthatdivine commissionbecausetheyhadjustconvertedtoIslam.Sixdaysaftertheincident,AlmightyAllah Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

revealedHissaying,Then,itmaybethatyouwillgiveupapartofwhatisrevealedtoyouand yourbreastwillbecomestraitenedbyit.TheHolyProphet(S)waitedformoreeighteendays. ThenAlmightyAllahrevealedtohim,OApostle!Deliverwhathasbeenrevealedtoyoufromyour Lord;andifyoudoitnot,thenyouhavenotdeliveredHismessage,andAllahwillprotectyou fromthepeople;surelyAllahwillnotguidetheunbelievingpeople.Forthatreason,heordered BilaltodeclarethatpeoplemustgatherinGhadirKhummthenextday.Hence,hesaid,People: MyLordhasorderedmetoconveyHisMessagetoyoubutIfearedsinceIanticipatedthatyou wouldbelieme.Therefore,Heblamedmeandthreatenedapunishmentfrequently. Hethentook`AliibnAbiTalibfromthehandandraiseditsoupwardlythattheirarmpitswere seenandthendeclared,People:AllahismyMasterandIamyourmaster.Whoeverhasregarded meashismastermustnowregard`Aliashismaster.OAllah!Bethesupporterofhimwhowill support`Aliandbetheenemyofhimwhowilloppose`Aliandgivevictorytohimwhowill support`Alianddisappointhimwhowilldisappoint`Ali.soonafterthat,AlmightyAllahrevealed, ThisdayhaveIperfectedyourreligionforyouandcompletedMyfavoronyouetc.TheAhlal BaytsOpinion Inal`AyyashisbookofTafsir1/331,wereadthefollowing: IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofAbuSalihthatIbn`AbbasandJabiribn`Abdullahsaidthat theHolyProphet(S)anticipatedthatpeoplewouldcriticizeandrevileathimwhenhewould conveyhisLordsinstructionsofnominating`Aliasthenextleader.Heexpectedthemtoaccuse himoffavoringhiscousin.Hence,AlmightyAllahrevealedtheVerseof`Ismah. InalKulaynisalKafi1/290,wereadthefollowing: IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofMuhammadibnYahyaontheauthorityofAhmadibn MuhammadandMuhammadibnalHusaynontheauthorityofMuhammadibnIsma`ilibnBuzay` ontheauthorityofMansuribnYunusontheauthorityofAbulJarudthatAbuJa`farImamal Baqir(a.s.)said,AlmightyAllahhasimposedfivepreceptsuponpeople,buttheycarriedoutfour andneglectedone.Astheywereunawareofthetimeofofferingtheritualprayers,Archangel GabrieldescendedtotheHolyProphet(S)andconveyedtheLordsordersofinstructingpeople whentooffertheprayers.Forthepreceptofthezakat,thesamethingtookplace.Fortheprecept ofthefasting,onthetenthofMuharram,theHolyProphet(S)instructedthepeopleofthe neighboringvillagestoobservefasting.Lateron,Ramadan,themonthlyingbetweenSha`banand Shawwal,wasidentifiedforthefasting.ThentheritesoftheHajjdescended;ArchangelGabriel saidtotheHolyProphet(S),Inthesamewayasyouhavetaughtthemhowtoofferprayers, defraythezakatandobservethefasting,youshouldnowinstructthemhowtoundertakethe Hajj. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

Finally,thecommandmentoftheallegiancewasrevealed.Theperfectionofthereligionwas achievedthroughtheloyaltytotheleadershipof`AliibnAbiTalib.TheHolyProphet(S)then narrated,Whenthecommandmentoftheloyaltyto`Alisleadershipwasrevealedtome,I thoughtthatmypeople,havingbeenfreshMuslims,wouldaccusemeoffavoringmycousin. Forthwith,AlmightyAllahthreatenedapunishmentifIwouldneglecttheconveyanceofthe matter.HethereforerevealedtheVerseof`Ismah:OApostle!Deliverwhathasbeenrevealedto youfromyourLord;andifyoudoitnot,thenyouhavenotdeliveredHismessage,andAllahwill protectyoufromthepeople;surelyAllahwillnotguidetheunbelievingpeople. Immediately,theHolyProphet(S)took`Ali(a.s.)fromthehandanddeclared,People:Likethe otherProphets,IhavetorespondtomyLordafterHehasgivenmethisage.You,aswellasI,will beinterrogated.Whatwillyouranswerbe?Weadmitthatyouhaveconveyed,advisedand accomplishedyourmission.MayAllahsatisfyyouwiththebestrewardoftheMessengers, acknowledgedpeople.OAllah!Bethewitness,repeatedtheHolyProphet(S)thrice,Muslims: Thismanshallbeyourleaderafterme.Thepresentmustcarrythiscommandtotheabsent. InBiharalAnwar94/300,wereadthefollowing: Muhammadibn`AlialTarazihasnarratedinhisbookontheauthorityof`AbdullahibnJa`faral HimyariontheauthorityofHarunibnMuslimontheauthorityofalHasanalLaythithat,once, Abu`AbdullahJa`faribnMuhammad(S)saidtothegroupsoftheShi`ahandtheadherentsofthe AhlalBaytwhowerepresentbeforehim,DoyouknowthedayonwhichtheLordhas constructedIslam,revealedtheilluminationofthereligionandmadeitthatdayafestivityfor ouradherentsandus?Allah,HisMessengerandthesonoftheMessengerarethemost knowledgeable.Isitthe`IdalFitr?askedthey.No,itisnot,answeredAbu`Abdullah(a.s.).Isit thenthe`IdalAdha?[106]askedthey.No,answeredtheHolyImam,However,thesearetwo holyandnobledays.Thedayoftheilluminationofthereligionisholierandnobler. ItistheeighteenthofDhulHijjah.OnthenoontimeofthatdaywhentheHolyProphet(S)arrived inGhadirKhummduringhisjourneybackfromtheFarewellHajj,ArchangelGabrieldescended carryingtheLordsinstructionofdeclaringAmiralMu`mininssuccessionandleadership.Onthis veryday,youmustdeclarethat`AliwouldbethemasterofthisUmmahsothathemustbethe nextleadertowhompeopleshouldshowloyalty.Hewillrepresentyou,saidArchangelGabriel. Gabriel,mydear!saidtheHolyProphet(S),Ifearthatmycompanionswillopposesincethey havedetested`Aliforhekilledtheirpeopleandwillunveiltheirhiddens.ArchangelGabriel carriedtheHolyProphet(S)swordsand,immediately,camebackwithAlmightyAllahssaying,O Apostle!DeliverwhathasbeenrevealedtoyoufromyourLord;andifyoudoitnot,thenyou havenotdeliveredHismessage,andAllahwillprotectyoufromthepeople;surelyAllahwillnot guidetheunbelievingpeople.Havingbeenapprehensiveanddistress,theHolyProphet(S) Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

orderedtosweeptheplaceunderthesetreeswhilehisfeetweresorefortheheatofthesun.He thenorderedMuslimstogatherthere;so,they,includingAbuBakr,`Umar,`Uthmanandtherest ofMuhajirunandAnsar,approachedtogetherbeforehim.Hethendeclaredthat`Alimustbe acceptedasthecomingleadersincethiswasAlmightyAllahscommission. AlNu`manalMaghribi,inDaa`imalIslam1/14,hasrecordedthefollowing: Ithasbeennarratedthataman,once,saidtoAbuJa`farMuhammadibn`Ali(ImamalBaqir)that alHasanalBasrisaidthattheHolyProphet(S),once,said,Ibecamedistressedanddisturbed whenAlmightyAllahorderedmetoconveyamessage.Ifearedthatpeoplewouldbelieme,but theLordthreatenedapunishmentifIwouldnotdoit.AbuJa`far(a.s.)askedthemanwhetheral HasanalBasrihadtoldthemaboutthatmessage.Themananswerednegatively.ByAllahI swear,saidtheImam,alHasanalBasriknewthatmessagecompletely,butheconcealedit deliberately.SonofAllahsMessenger,askedtheman,MayAllahmakemysoulyourransom. Whatwasthatmessage? AbuJa`far(a.s.)said,Thebelieversdidnotknowhowtooffertheprayersthatwereimposed upontheminAlmightyAllahsBook;therefore,HedirectedHisMessengertoexplainitforthem, andtheHolyProphet(S)didutterly.Similarly,Heorderedtodefraythezakat,buttheydidnot knowwhatisthat;therefore,theHolyProphet(S)explainedittothemsayingthatgold,silver, camels,cows,sheepandtheyieldsarethethingsapplicabletothezakat.thus,heleftnothing unexplored.Asfastingwasimposeduponthem,peopledidnotknowanythingaboutit;so,the HolyProphet(S)explaineditindetails.WhentheLordimposedtheritualHajj,AlmightyAllah directedtheHolyProphet(S)toteachthemhowtoundertakeit.AlmightyAllahthenordered peopletobeloyaltotheAhlalBayt. Inthisregard,theAlmightyrevealed,OnlyAllahisyourmasterandHisMessengerandthosewho believe,thosewhokeepupprayersandpaytheZakatwhiletheybow.AsHeimposedtheloyalty totheleadershipoftheAhlalBayt,peopledidnotknowthesortofthatloyalty.Liketheprayer, Zakat,fastingandHajj,AlmightyAllahorderedHisMessengertoexplainthemeaningofthe loyaltytotheAhlalBaytsleadership.ThisorderdisturbedtheHolyProphetsinceheanticipated thatpeoplewouldapostatizefromthereligionandbeliehim.Hence,hesoughttheLordsrelief and,immediately,AlmightyAllahrevealed,OApostle!Deliverwhathasbeenrevealedtoyou fromyourLord;andifyoudoitnot,thenyouhavenotdeliveredHismessage,andAllahwill protectyoufromthepeople;surelyAllahwillnotguidetheunbelievingpeople. Afterthat,he,havingbeeninGhadirKhumm,declaredtheobligatoryloyaltytotheleadershipof `AliibnAbiTalib(a.s.)flawlesslyandorderedthepresenttocarryittotheabsent.Asthedivine preceptswererevealedgradually,theobligatoryloyaltytotheleadershipof`AliibnAbiTalibwas thesealing.Forthisreason,AlmightyAllahrevealed,ThisdayhaveIperfectedforyouyour Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

religionandcompletedMyfavoronyouandchosenforyouIslamasareligion.Thismeansthat theLordwouldnotrevealanymorepreceptsinceHehascompletedthem. IthasbeennarratedthattheHolyProphetsaid,IenjointhosewhobelievedinAllahandbelieved andgavecredencetometoadheretotheleadershipof`AliibnAbiTalibsincetheloyaltytohim isassameastheloyaltytome.ThisisabindinginstructionthatIhavereceivedfrommyLord Whodirectedmetocarryittoyou. ThefirstnarrationhasbeenalsorecordedinalNu`manalMaghribi:SharhalAkhbar1/101.A similarnarrationhasbeenrecordedinthesamebook2/276inthefollowingform: TheHolyProphetsaid,Gabriel:MypeoplearefreshMuslims.TheyhavejustleftJahiliyah.Ifear thattheywouldreturntoit.Immediately,AlmightyAllahrevealed,OApostle!Deliverwhathas beenrevealedtoyoufromyourLord;andifyoudoitnot,thenyouhavenotdeliveredHis message,andAllahwillprotectyoufromthepeople;surelyAllahwillnotguidetheunbelieving people.Hence,theHolyProphet(S)gatheredpeopleinGhadirKhummandsaid,People:I becamedisturbedfortheLordhasorderedmetoconveyamessagetoyou.ButHethreateneda punishmentifIwouldshun.YouhaveknownthatAlmightyAllahismyMasterandthatIamthe masterandtheleaderofMuslimsandthatIshouldbeprecededtotheirsouls,haveyounot? Yes,wehave,admittedpeople. TheHolyProphet(S)thustook`Alifromthehandandraisedhimsaying,Whoeverhasregarded meashismastermustnowregard`Aliashismaster,andwhoeverhasregardedmeashisleader mustnowregard`Aliashisleader.OAllah!Bethesupporterofhimwhowillsupport`Aliandbe theenemyofhimwhowilloppose`Aliandgivevictorytohimwhowillsupport`Alianddisappoint himwhowilldisappoint`Aliandmaketherightfollow`Aliwhereverhegoes.Asaresult,the loyaltyto`Ali(a.s.)hasbeenincumbentuponeachmaleandfemaleMuslim.[107] MorenarrationswillbecitedinthecomingdiscussionoftheVerseofIkmalalDin(theperfection ofthereligion).ShiitereferencebooksofHaditharefullofsuchauthenticatednarration.

GeneralRemarksRegardingtheOtherOpinions FirstRemark Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

ExceptalTirmidhiwhohasrecordedthenarrationoftheguardpracticedontheHolyProphet(S) anddecideditasaonewaystrangereport,noneoftheSunniHadithistshavereferredtothe exegesisofVerseof`Ismah.Yet,alBukharihasmentionedtheVerseintwoindependenttitles thefirstisin5/88wherehehasrecorded`A`ishahsreportaboutthenecessityofconveyingand notconcealingtherevelationandthesecondisin8/9wherehehasrecordedalZuhrisreport abouttheHolyProphet(S)sconveyance.Inaddition,hehasrecordedtwootherreports respectingtheVerseof`Ismah6/50and8/210.In1/110,Muslimhasrecordedareportabout theVerse. Asamatteroffact,suchnegligencedoesnotproveorindicatetheinauthenticityorthedubietyof thereport.Numerousaretheauthenticreportsthathavenotbeenrecordedinthereference booksofHadithandmorearetheinauthenticreportsthatarefoundinsuchreliablebooks.The importantpointisthatthecompilersofthesebooksofHadithhaveexertedallpossibleeffortsfor refutingtheAhlalBaytwhiletheyhaveknownforsurethattheVerseof`Ismahrepresentsa proofontherightoftheAhlalBayt.Theywouldhaverepeatedlynarratedandrecordedany reportthatmightrefutetheAhlalBaytifonlytheyhadany. ItisthusobviousthattheyhavehadtoavoidrefutingthenarrationsoftheShi`ahandthe agreeingSunniones.Asaresult,wecannotfindsuchnarrationsinthesixreliableSunnireference booksofHadith. SecondRemark ExceptthetimeoftheFarewellHajjwhenSurahofalMa`idahwasrevealed,thetwentythree yearsoftheHolyProphet(S)smissionhavebeenentirelymentionedinthevariousSunni narrationsabouttheVerseof`Ismahwhile,iftruthbetold,theVersewasrevealedduringthe excludedperiod.Thisfactincitesustoconcludethatthepurposebeyondtheexpansionofthe narrationsandtheexclusionofthatperiodhasbeentoclosetheeyesbeforetheveryperiodin whichtheVersewasrevealed. ThirdRemark ForShiitereferencebooksofHadith,allthereportsthatrefertotherevelationoftheVerseof `Ismahbringupassuredlythesamereasonanddate.Ontheotherhand,Sunnireferencebooksof Hadithassumevariousreasonsincontrarytimesthatcausedtheirscholarstobeengagedin perplexityregardingthetruereasonandtime.Moreover,someofsuchcontrarynarrations supporttheAhlalBaytsnarrationthatisnotacceptedbytheQurayshitecaliphsandtheirfans. Asarule,whenallMuslims,includingtheAhlalBayt,identifyacertainreasonandtimeforthe revelationofaVersewhileothersrefertomiscellaneousreasonsandtimes,itwillbesurely understandablethatthereasonunanimouslyadmittedshouldbeaccepted. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 EvaluationOfTheOpposingOpinionsOnTheLightOfTheVerse (1)TheMattertobeDelivered ThemeaningoftheVerseisstillambiguousunlesstheverbrevealreferstoapastincident becauseitisinthepasttense.ThepasttenseoftheverbshowsthattheHolyProphet(S)already receivedadifficultcommandmentthatheshoulddeliverbuthewaslookingforawaytoconvey. Hence,theVersewasrevealedtostoptheHolyProphet(S)santicipationsandorderhimto deliverassoonaspossiblewhetherpeoplewouldadmitornot,andrelievehimthattheywould notapostatizefromthereligionandthathewouldbeprotectedagainstthem.Thisisthe interpretationoftheAhlalBaytsupportedbymanySunnireports. (2)ConfirmationofTheCaseandItsConditions Itismeaninglesstosaytosomebodythathemustconveythemessagesthatyouwillgivetohim, lesthewillnotconveythem!Ifthereisadefinitemessagetodeliver,itwillbequitetruetosayto thatsomebodythatyouwillnotregardhimasconveyorofyourpreviousmessagesthathehad alreadycarriedifhewillnotcarrythisimportantmessage. FromTafsiralMizan6/49,thefollowingisquoted: AlthoughthestatementoftheVerserevealsthreat,itinsinuatestheimportanceofthecommand; ifthemessagewouldbeneglectedandwouldnotbecarriedtopeople,theotherpartsofthe religionwouldbeasifithadnotbeenconveyed.Thephrase,Ifyoudoitnot,thenyouhavenot deliveredhismessage,isaconditionalclausedemonstratingtheimportanceofthecondition sincethemostimportantrewardreliesuponitcompletely.Itisnotanordinaryconditionalclause thatisusuallyusedforspecifyingtheresultofanunknownmatter.ForAlmightyAllah,thisis inapplicablesinceHeknowstheresults.TheHolyQurandoesnothaveprobabilitieswhetherthe HolyProphet(S)willconveyornot. (3)TheHolyProphet(S)sFear TheHolyProphet(S)anticipatedthatthedivinemessagewouldbeindanger.Hewastoobraveto fearassassinationorinjurybecausehewaspious,courageousandsinless.Sincethefirstdaysof theMission,theHolyProphet(S)knewthedifficultyofhismission;therefore,heexpected dangersanddifficulties.Accordingly,itisillogictosaythathehadhesitatedorrefrainedfrom conveyingtheMissionbeforehewasthreatened.Hefearedthatpeoplemightretractorobjectto theleadershipofhishouseholdconsideringthedecisionaspersonal. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

(4)TheInterpretationofPeople AlFakhralRazi,inhisbookofTafsir6/12/50,recordsthefollowing: BecausetheVerse(of`Ismah)endswithsurelyAllahwillnotguidetheunbelievingpeoplewe understandthatpeoplereferstotheunbelievingonesexclusively. Thisopinionisunacceptable;thewordpeoplecannotbelimitedtodefiniteonesbecausethe VerseshowsthattheLordwillprotectHisMessengeragainstallpeople.Manyindicationscanbe inferredfromtherelationshipbetweenpeopleandtheunbelievingones.Themeaningmightbe thatAllahwillprotectyouagainstthewholepeopleandwillnotguidethosewhointendtohurt yousincetheyareunbelievers.ItalsomightbethatdeliverthemessageandAllahwillprotectyou againstpeople,andtherejecterswhoaredecidedasunbelieverswillnotbeguidedbyAllah. ThelatterindicationismorepreferablesinceitissupportedbyaHadithrecordedinalBukharis alSahih8/139: IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofAbuHurayrahthattheHolyProphetsaid,Mypeoplewill beinParadisesavingtherejecters.Whoaretherejecters?askedpeople.Whoeverobeysme willbeinParadiseandwhoeverdisobeyswillbewiththerejecters,explainedtheHolyProphet (S). Thecomprehensiveandlogicalmeaningofpeoplefitsthesourceofinjuryanddanger,which wasnotdedicatedtotheunbelieversonly.TheHolyProphet(S)wasalsoantagonizedbythe hypocriteswholivedamongpeople.Wehavealreadyshownthatthesourceofdangerintended bytheVerseof`Ismahwas,togreatextent,thehypocrites.AlRazi,however,hasaimedattaking thecensureawayfromtheQurayshitehypocritesandtakingthedivinecommandmentawayfrom theleadershipofImam`Ali. (5)TheMeaningofProtectionAgainstPeople ThepromisedprotectionintendedintheVerseof`Ismahshouldsuittheamountofdangerthat theHolyProphet(S)expected.Itshouldagreewiththeprotectionagainstpeoplessuspectingthe Prophethoodandaccusinghimoffavoringandnominatinghishouseholdforleadership.Oneof themostfamedsayingsthatpeopleofQurayshusedtoutterwasthatMuhammad(S)intendedto givebothProphethoodandleadershiptotheHashimitesexclusivelysoastotaketheotherclans ofQurayshawayasifProphethoodandleadershipareunderhiscontrolthathemaygiveto whomeverhewills. ThisistheverymeaningthatsuitstheamountofdangerexpectedbytheHolyProphet(S)who, Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

constantly,wasthinkingoftheanticipatedactionsthatmightoccurwhenhewoulddeclarethe leadershipofImam`Ali(a.s.).Unliketheotheropinions,theprotectionintendedintheVersedoes notstandforprotectingtheHolyProphet(S)againstbeingassassinated,hurtorinjured;ratherit guaranteestosavetheProphethoodagainstpeopleofQuraysh.Thisfactcanbeprovenbythe factthattheHolyProphet(S)sguardwasnotchangedafterthatevent.Likewise,thedangerand harmwerenotchanged,butincreased! Inabstract,theprotectionmentionedintheVersestandsforsavingtheHolyProphet(S)smission fromhispeoplewhocouldrarelyacceptthematterandtheythusdecidedtomutiny.Yet, AlmightyAllahfulfilledHispromise;onthatdayinGhadirKhumm,theHolyProphet(S) nominatedImam`Alifortheleadershipandaskedpeopletoofferhimcongratulationsandpeople didpeacefully.Nevertheless,assoonashedepartedthisworld,theytooktheAhlalBaytaway fromtheleadership,sethishouseonfireandforcedhimtopayhomagetotheirman.Two QuestionsInvolvingtheVerse (1)UsingtheVerseasWeaponAgainstImam`Ali MuslimshavetestifiedthattheHolyProphet(S)conveyedwhathehadreceivedfromhisLord perfectlyandhesufferedwhatnootherProphet(S)hadeversuffered;yet,SunnisaccuseShiites ofclaimingthathehadconcealedcertainmatterscitingtheVerseof`Ismahasexample.We,the Shi`ah,denouncesuchanaccusationthoroughly! AlQurtubi,inhisbookofTafsir6/243,recordsthefollowing: WhoeverclaimsthattheHolyProphet(S)hadconcealedanyrevealedissuehasbeliedtheLord Whosays,OApostle!DeliverwhathasbeenrevealedtoyoufromyourLord;andifyoudoitnot, thenyouhavenotdeliveredHismessage,andAllahwillprotectyoufromthepeople.MayAllah condemntheRafiditesfortheyclaimthattheHolyProphet(S)concealedmattersthatpeople required. AlQastalani,inIrshadalSari7/106,saysthefollowing: TheShi`ahclaimthattheHolyProphet(S)concealedsomeoftherevealedissuesforhefeared injury. Itseemsthatthesourceofthisaccusationis`A`ishahsfamoussaying,Whoeverclaimsthatthe HolyProphet(S)concealedanythingoftheLordsBookhasforgedbigliesagainstAllah.They haverecordedthissayingrepeatedlysoastobelieImam`Ali(a.s.)whoconfirmedthathehad beentheHolyProphet(S)ssuccessorandthathehadwithhimtheHolyProphet(S)sHadithand heritageotherthantheHolyQuran.Hepossessedacomprehensivebookthatcomprised Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

everythingthatpeoplewouldrequireincludingtheamountofthecompensationforaviolated retaliationofascratch!HealsoconfirmedthattheHolyProphet(S)hadforetoldhimaboutthe futuremisfortunesthattheAhlalBaytwouldfaceincludingtheattackonhishouse;sohe instructedhimwhattodothen. We,theShi`ah,believeinthepreviousclaims.SunniandourreferencebooksofHadithhave includedtensofreportscarryingtheuniquestandingofImam`Aliandthespecialcarethatthe HolyProphet(S)usedtogivehimexclusivelysoastobringhimup,accordingtoadivine commission,toinherithisknowledge.WealsobelievethatImam`Aliistoopure,divinelypurified andhonesttosayanythingbutthetruth.AlSuyuti,inalDurralManthur6/260,hasrecordedthe following: IbnJarir,IbnAbiHatam,alWahidi,IbnMardawayh,Ibn`Asakir,ibnalNajjarihavenarratedon theauthorityofIbnBuraydahthattheHolyProphetsaidto`Ali,Verily,AlmightyAllahhas orderedmetofavoryouandavoidkeepingyouawayfrommeandtoteachyousothatyouwill perceive;andyouwillperceive.Forthesewords,theVerse,Andaretainingearwillretainit, wasrevealed. AbuNa`im,inHilyatalAwliya`,hasrecordedthisnarrationinwhichtheHolyProphetsaidto`Ali, Youaretheretainingearthatperceivesmyknowledge. HudhayfahibnalYaman,oneofImam`Alisfollowers,wasthekeeperoftheHolyProphet(S)s secretaboutdistinguishingthehypocritesfromthebelievers,whereasImam`Aliwasthekeeper ofallthesecretsandknowledgeoftheHolyProphet(S).AllnarratorshaverecordedthattheHoly Prophet(S)foretoldImam`Alithathewouldfightagainstthebreachers,theunjustandthe apostatesforsakeoftheinterpretationoftheHolyQuran. ItseemsthatsomeoftheHolyProphet(S)sinstructionstoImam`Aliwereknownforpeople; thereforetheyhavethecouragetoattackhishouseandforcehimtoacceptthenewleader. WhileImam`Aliwassomightyandcourageousthatallpeoplefearedhim,mostofthosewho attackedhishouseweretoocowardtofacehisswordDhulFaqar.Thus,theyweresurethathe wouldnotunsheathehisswordandwouldfollowtheHolyProphet(S)sinstructionevenif FatimahalZahra`wouldbebeatensoharshlythatshewouldabortherbaby.Induecourse,the proQurayshitemercenariesandtheirmastersrejectedImam`AlisclaimofreceivingtheHoly Prophet(S)sheritageandknowledgeanddeniedthathehadleftanythingforhisfamilyincluding knowledge,giftsorproperties. Onthataccount,AbuBakrconfiscatedFadak,agardenthattheHolyProphet(S)hadendowedto FatimahalZahra`(a.s.)whenAlmightyAllahrevealed,Andgivethenearofkinhisdue.The rulingauthorities,takingadvantageof`A`ishahsforecitedsaying,exceededthelimitswhenthey Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

claimedthatanyonewhowouldclaimthattheHolyProphet(S)hadinstructedhim/herinprivate issurelydisbeliever! ReadthefollowingasquotedfromalBukharisalSahih1/188: Ithasbeennarratedthat`A`ishahsaid,WhoeverclaimsthattheHolyProphet(S)concealed anythingofwhatwasrevealedtohimhascertainlylied.Allahsays,OApostle!Deliverwhathas beenrevealedtoyouetc.[108] Atanyrate,suchwickedplothasincludedtwoflawsregardingtheexpansionoftheindicationto themattertobeconveyedandthepartiesoftheconveyanceaswellasamisrepresentationof Imam`Aliandhisadherentsclaims.Firstofall,ItisuntruethattheHolyProphet(S)wasordered toconveyanythingthathewouldreceivefromtheLord.Hisknowledgereceivedthrough revelation,inspirationandpersonalviewsistoocomprehensivetobecarriedtopeoplesincethey, includingthebelievingones,aretooincompetenttoreceiveit.Secondly,someinstructionswere addressedtocertainindividuals;hence,theHolyProphet(S)didnotpublicizethem.Inthisregard, AlmightyAllahsays,Andspeaktothemprivatelyeffectualwords. NeitherImam`AlinorhasanyofhisfollowersclaimedthattheHolyProphet(S)hadnotconveyed theMessageperfectly;rathertheysaythathe(a.s.)tookpeoplesmentalitiesandintellectual capacitiesinconsiderationduringtheconveyanceoftheMessage.Imam`Aliwasthusso receptivethattheHolyProphet(S)conferredhimwithadditionalknowledge.Unliketheopinions ofalQurtubiandalQastalani,thisconceptprovesthatImam`Ali,FatimahalZahra`,alHasanand alHusayn(a.s.)weremoreintelligent;therefore,theyreceivedmoredivineknowledge. Furthermore,Imam`AliandhisShi`ahhaveconfirmedthattheHolyProphet(S)hadconveyed manythingsabouttheAhlalBaytandothertopicsthattheQurayshitecaliphsandtheirfanshave concealed. TheproQurayshitemercenariesusedtowrongandforgeliesagainstImam`Ali.Inthesametime, theyoverlook`UmarsclaimthattheHolyProphet(S)hadnotinterpretedmanyQuranictexts, suchasthoseregardingKalalahandusury.[109]ThisisaclearaccusationthattheHolyProphet(S) hadnotexplainedtheHolyQuranadequately. Inabstract,thefactthattheHolyProphet(S)gavespecialknowledgetoImam`Alidoesnot opposehiscarryingouttheLordsinstructionsperfectlybecauseitwasAlmightyAllahWho, throughtheDivineRevelation,orderedhimtogiveImam`Alisuchknowledgeexclusively.Inlike manner,itdoesnotstandagainstTaqiyyahthattheHolyProphet(S)practicedagainstdefinite menofQurayshandothertribesbecausehewasorderedtousewisdom,Taqiyyahand indulgenceinordertoaccomplishthegoalsofIslam. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

ThefollowingnarrationisquotedfromalKafi2/117: IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofImamJa`faralSadiqthattheHolyProphetsaid,MyLord hasorderedmetobeindulgentwithpeopleinthesamewayasHehasorderedmetoperform thedivineprecepts. InMajma`alZawa`id8/17,wereadthefollowing: IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofAbuHurayrahthattheHolyProphetsaid,Precededby thebeliefinAlmightyAllah,theacmeofrationalityisthewillingnesstopleasepeople. IthasbeennarratedthatBuraydahsaid,WhileIwaspresentbeforetheHolyProphet(S),aman fromQurayshcame.TheHolyProphet(S)welcomedhimwarmly.Whenthemanleft,theHoly Prophet(S)asked,Doyouknowthisman?Yes,Ido,answeredI,HeisthebestofQurayshin lineageandwealth.Thisismyopinion,whataboutyouropinion?Hewillbeworthlessonthe JudgmentDay,saidtheHolyProphet(S). AlBukharihasgivenmorethanonetitletothequestionofthewillingnesstopleasepeople.In 7/102,herecords: IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofAbulDarda`thathesaid,Althoughwesmileinthefaces ofsomepeople,ourheartscursethem.Ithasbeennarratedontheauthorityof`Urwahibnal Zubayrontheauthorityof`A`ishahthattheHolyProphet(S),once,saidaboutamanwhohad soughtpermissiontovisithim,Lethimin.Heisindeedtheworstofhispeople.Hethenreceived himwithnicewordsandsmilingface.Whenthemanleft,IaskedtheHolyProphet(S)toexplainit tome,andhesaid,Listen,`A`ishah!Verily,themostevilpeoplearethosewhomarereceived nicelysoastoavoidtheirevil. (2)UsingtheVersetoRefutetheClaimthattheHolyProphet(S)wasBewitched SunniandShiitescholarshavecitedtheVerseof`Ismahasevidencerefutingtheclaimthatthe HolyProphet(S)wasbewitched.Accordingtosomenarrations,aJewcouldtaketheHolyProphet (S)scombandsomeofhishairsandburiedtheminawellafterhehadspelledbewitcheryon them.ThisbewitcheryinfluencedtheHolyProphetsoheavilythatheimagineddoingsomeacts untilamanoranangelorArchangelGabrielledhimtothatwell.Hedestroyeditafterhehad beencured.Thisfalseaccusationhasbeenrelatedto`A`ishah.AlBukhari,inalSahih4/68,7/289 and164andMuslim,inalSahih7/14aswellasmanyotherreferencebooksofHadithhave recordedsuchreports. AllShiitescholars,aswellasafewSunniones,havehadthecouragetorefutethisaccusation Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

citingtheVerseof`Ismahasoneoftheirevidences. AlTusi,inTafsiralTibyan1/384,hasrecordedthefollowing: ThereportsnarratingthefablethattheHolyProphet(S)wasbewitchedareinconsiderateand baseless.Hehasbeentooelevatedtobebewitched,whichisaqualityofimperfectionmaking onedistrustanyinstructionsaidbysuchabewitchedman.TheHolyProphet(S)istheLords argumentagainstpeopleandHischoiceamongHisservantsandtheselectedoutofAlmighty Allahswisdom.Hehasbeensavedfromvulgarityandharshnessaswellasanyillbehavior.Except thosewhodiscounttheHolyProphet(S)srealqualities,nonecandaretoascribesuchtainted thingstohim.AlmightyAllahsays,AndAllahwillprotectyouagainstpeople.Hehasalsobelied thosewhosaid,Youarefollowingbutabewitchedman. IbnIdrisal`Ujali,inalSara`ir3/534,recordsthefollowing: Unanimously,webelievethattheHolyProphet(S)wasneverbewitched.OurproofisAlmighty Allahssaying,AndAllahwillprotectyouagainstpeople.Someoftheoppositesectsbelievethat hewasbewitched.ThisisindeedcontrarytotheGlorifiedRevelation. WereadthefollowinginalMajlisisBiharalAnwar60/38: HaditbeentruethattheProphetscouldbebewitched,thesorcererswouldhaveinjuredallthe Prophets.ThisisindeedcontrarytoAlmightyAllahssaying,AndAllahwillprotectyoufromthe people,Andamagicianwillnotbesuccessfulwheresoeverhemaycomefrom.Atlength,the atheistswhoaredefinitelyliarsusedtoaccusetheHolyProphet(S)ofbeingbewitched. AlNawawiisoneoftheSunnischolarswhorefutedtheaccusation.InalMajmu`19/243,he writesdown: ReportsnarratingthattheHolyProphet(S)wasbewitchedshouldberefutedbecausethey supporttheatheistsaccusinghimofbewitchment.ItisalsocontrarytotheQuranictextsthat beliedthem. AlRazihasnarratedthatalQadi(thejudge)saidthatsuchnarrationsarefalseandmustnotbe acceptedsinceAlmightyAllahsays,AndAllahwillprotectyoufromthepeople,Andamagician willnotbesuccessfulwheresoeverhemaycomefrom.Tobelievesuchnarrationsmeansto doubttheProphethood.Hadthatbeenright,alltheProphetsandpiouspeopleshouldhavebeen influencedbybewitchery. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

AlRazi,inhisbookofTafsir16/32/187,recordsthefollowing: MajorityofMuslimshaveclaimedthattheHolyProphet(S)wasbewitchedbyaJew.Beitknown toyouthattheMu`tazilitehaverefutedthisclaim,whichopposesAlmightyAllahssaying,And Allahwillprotectyoufromthepeople. AfewSunnischolarshaveadoptedsuchopinionswhilethemajorityadmitsuchfabrications becausetheyhavenotbeenaccustomedtorefuteanythingsaidby`A`ishahandalBukharibeit trueorfalse.Likewise,theyhaveneverpermittedanyonetocriticizesuchreports;therefore,they havebeenengagedintensofproblemsregardingmonotheism,Prophethood,Shafa`ah(the intercession),thefirstrevelationandWaraqahibnNawfal,theHandsomePagansthatSulayman RushdibetookasaprincipleforhisSatanicVerses,thebewitchmentaswellasmanyothers. TheaccusationiscontrarytotheProphethoodoftheHolyProphet(S)and,accordingtomany Verses,itwasoriginatedbytheatheists.However,tocitetheVerseof`Ismahastherefutationof theaccusationisbaseless,sinceitcanbeclaimedthattheVersewasrevealedinthelastdaysof theHolyProphet(S)whiletheoccurrencetookplacealongtimebeforethat. Tosumitup,ShiitescholarshavedecidedthattheprotectionintendedintheVerseof`Ismah indicatesguardingtheHolyProphet(S)againsttheapostasyoftheQurayshitepeopleand Muslimsduringhislifetime.SunnischolarshavetalkedtoomuchabouttheVerse,yetnotas accurateaspossible,astheythoughtthatitindicatedprotectingtheHolyProphet(S)against assassination,poisoning,injuryorharm.Induecourse,theyhavethoughtthattheVerseis contrarytothereportsrelatingthathisdeceasewasbecauseofapieceofapoisonedmeatthata Jewesshadservedtohim;yetArchangelGabrielwastoolateininforminghimaboutthat.Hence, adropofthatpoisonwasthereasonbeyondhisdeceasethenextyear. InalShifa1/317,`Ayyadsays: IfoneaskshowitispossibletoacceptthenarrationreportingthattheHolyProphet(S)was poisonedbyaJewessandAlmightyAllahsaying,AndAllahwillprotectyoufromthepeople,we answerthattheVersewasrevealedintheyearoftheBattleofTabukwhilethepoisoning occurredinKhaybarbeforethatdate. Likewise,SunnischolarscouldnotfindananswertotheconfusionthattheHolyProphet(S), accordingtomanynarrations,wishedtodieasmartyrwhileheknewthatAlmightyAllahhad protectedhimagainstkilling. InIbnHajarsFathalBariFiSharhSahihalBukhari8/2644,wereadthefollowing: Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofAbuHurayrahthatheheardtheHolyProphetsaying,I swearbyHimWhoprevailsonmysoulthatIwishIwerekilledforsakeofAllah. SomescholarshavedoubtedsuchHadithbecausetheydeemedtheHolyProphet(S)farabove wishingformartyrdomwhileheknewforsurethathewasprotectedagainstbeingkilled.Ibnal TinansweredthatthestatementmighthavebeensaidbeforetherevelationoftheVerseof protection(`Ismah)yet,thisanswerisinaccuratebecausetheVersewasrevealedduringtheHoly Prophet(S)searlyresidenceinalMadinahwhileAbuHurayrah,thedirectreporterofthe statement,arrivedthereonthefirstdaysoftheseventhyearinalMadinah. Ontheotherhand,towishforsomethingdoesnotnecessarilyrequiretheprobabilityofits occurrence.Forinstance,ithasbeennarratedthattheHolyProphet(S),once,said,Iwishthat (Prophet(S))Moseshadbeenpatientetc.TheHolyProphet(S)mighthaveaimedforurging Muslimstopracticejihad.Thisopinion,however,isthemostacceptable.Ourmasterscholar,Ibn alMulaqqin,hasclaimedthatAbuHurayrahmightyaddedIwishtothestatementoftheHoly Prophetic.Thisopinionseemstobeunsatisfactory.[110] SupportingthepreviousHadithhasbeentrue,theHolyProphet(S)swishcanbereal,because theVerseof`Ismahhasguaranteedthatpeoplewouldnotapostatizefromthereligionduringhis lifetime.Thus,ithasnothingtodowithassassination,injuryorharm.Onthecontrary,Almighty Allahsays,AndMuhammadisnomorethananapostle;theapostleshavealreadypassedaway beforehim.Ifhethendiesoriskilled,willyouturnbackuponyourheels.ThisVerseindicates thathewouldnotdienormally.TheLordidentifiesnaturaldeathandassassinationasthetwo sortsthattheHolyProphet(S)wouldcounter.TheonlyinterpretationofAlmightyAllahshaving confusedthesortofHisMessengersdeathisthatHehasknownthattheHolyProphet(S)would bekilledorthelike.

TheStoryOfGhadir TheQurayshitesDuringtheFarewellHajj WehavenoticedthattheHolyProphet(S),throughhissermons,wordsandevenbehaviorsinthe FarewellHajj,emphasizedonthepresentandfuturerolesoftheAhlalBaytforetellingthe comingofTwelveImamswhowouldrepresent,alongwiththeHolyQuran,themostprecious thingfortheUmmah.Inotherwords,heconfirmedtheobligatorycompliancewiththeHoly Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

Imamsinallaspectsoflife.Forinstance,theHolyImamsareforbiddenfromreceivingalmsand,in themeanwhile,theyshouldhavetheKhums.However,peopleofQurayshcouldnotstandthe HolyProphet(S)ssermons,wordsandactivitiesthatidentifiedthepreferenceofImam`Ali, FatimahalZahra`,alHasanandalHusayn.Theyunderstoodthesituationasifithadbeen nominatingtheHashimitesastheleadersoftheUmmahanddeprivingtheotherclansofsuch positionsincetheymustkeeponactingasreleasedslavesoftheHashimites. Asexpected,SunnireferencebooksofHadithhaveneglectedtheQurayshitechiefsreaction towardstheHolyProphet(S)ssermonsthatdisturbedpeopleofQurayshwhosechiefs;suchas Suhaylibn`Amr,`IkrimahibnAbiJahl,SafwanibnUmayyahibnKhalaf,HakimibnHizam,Suhayb ibnSinan,AbulA`waralSalamiandtheothers,weregloomyfacedwhiletheysawtheHoly Prophet(S)pavingthewaytotheHashimitesleadership.Immediately,theyactedactivelyto contactMuhajirun,nottheHashimites,tofindasuitabletreatmentforsuchimpending catastrophe! Ontheotherhand,ShiitereferencebooksofHadithhavementionedthatsuchactivitiesbegan duringtheconquestofMakkahandexpandedduringtheFarewellHajjtoattainclimaxinMinaon thedaysofTashriq.TheoutcomeoftheactivitieswastheconclusionofatreatythattheShi`ah calltheAccursedDocumentinwhichtheyagreedupondeprivingtheHashimitesofjoiningthe leadershiptotheProphethood.AfewmembersofthattreatyarrivedslylyinMakkahandhanged thesecondAccursedDocumentnexttothefirstoneinsidetheHolyKa`bah. UnlikethefirsttreatyduetowhichtheHashimiteswerebesiegedinthecolandwassignedinthe namesofLatand`Uzzathepagans,thenewdocumentproposedapoliticalplantodeprivethem oftheleadershipaftertheHolyProphet(S),butthistime,itwassignedinthenameofIslam. However,AlmightyAllahinformedHisMessengeraboutthedetailsofthatdocumentandwhen heexposedthembeforethepartiesofthatwickedtreaty,theycouldhardlycontrolthemselves beforehim.LiketheotherProphets,theHolyProphet(S)smissionwasnomorethanconstituting AlmightyAllahsargumentsagainstpeopleandthentheyarefreetodoanythingtheylike. IfwebelievewhatSunnireferencebookofHadithhavementionedaboutthenoisethatwas arisen,yetintentionally,whenevertheHolyProphet(S),duringthesermonof`Arafat,triedto mentiontheidentityoftheTwelveImams(a.s.),itmusthavebeenoneoftheprogrammed activitiesagainsttheHashimitesandthattheHolyProphet(S)musthavereproachedand informedthemthathehadknownthepurposebehindsuchactivities. ResultsoftheFarewellHajj ForpeopleofQuraysh,theFarewellHajjpassedpeacefullysincetheHolyProphet(S)didnottake anypracticalstepinthecourseofnominatingthenewleaderalthoughhespokeverymuchabout Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

theHashimites,hisprogeny,hisoffspring,Fatimah,theTwelveImamsandmanyissues concerningtheAhlalBayt.Furthermore,hedidnotdemandwithpayinghomageto`Alithe firstImamofhishousehold. FortheHolyProphet(S),hebelievedthathehadconveyedhisLordsmessagetotheutmost degree.Meanwhile,peopleofQurayshcouldnolongertoleratethesituationorstandanyfurther instructions.Ifhedemandedwithpayinghomageto`Ali,theywoulddistrustandaccusehimof establishingamonarchysimilartothatoftheRomansorthePersians.Hadthisoccurred,people ofQurayshmighthaveleadamutinyinwhichalltheArabswouldparticipatesoastoprecludethe kingdomoftheHashimitesbeginningwith`Aliandneverending! ReferencebooksofHadithhaveactuallyrecordedsuchstatementsthatweresaidbyQurayshite chiefswho,asiftheyhadneveracceptedIslam,understoodthequestionasanendlesskingshipof Muhammadandhisfamily. TheHolyProphet(S)UnderPressure DuringtheFarewellHajjanditsmomentouscircumstances,ArchangelGabrielwascarryingthe LordscommandstotheHolyProphet(S).Probably,heaccompaniedhimthroughouttheHajj seasonandrevealedtohimmanyinstructionsincludingthewordsofthesermons.InalMadinah, theangelsaidtotheHolyProphet(S),Muhammad:AlmightyAllahgreetsyouandinformsthat yourdeparturewillbeimminentandverysoon,youwillcometoHim.Hethereforeordersyouto explaintherulingsoftheritualHajjinthesamewayasyouhaveexplainedtherulingsofthe prayer,zakatandfasting. Carryingoutthecommandment,theHolyProphet(S)explainedtherulingsandactsoftheHajj emphasizingontheprinciplesofIslamandtheuniquestandingsoftheAhlalBayt. OnthefinaldaysoftheHajj,ArchangelGabrieldescendedtosay,AlmightyAllahordersyouto leadyournationtotheirleader.Declareyourwill,conveytohimyourknowledgeandthe Prophetsheritageandnominatehimbeforeallpeople,forIshouldnotgraspthesoulofanyof MyProphetsbeforeheperfectsthereligionandshouldnotleaveMylandswithoutconstitutinga claimagainstthecreatures. BecauseofthetensesituationofpeopleofQuraysh,theHolyProphet(S)begantothinkofan appropriatewayofdeclarationsayingtohimself,Mypeoplehavejustleftthecustomsand traditionofJahiliyah.IfInowdeclarethatmycousinmustbemysuccessor,theywillmisthinkthe matter.Hence,hedecidedtocarryoutthatdivinecommandmentassoonashewouldbebackin alMadinahwherehewouldprepareforitandseekAnsarssupport. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

TheDivineRevelationStopstheCaravan Havingtheintentiontocarryoutthedivinecommandment,theHolyProphet(S)leftMakkah.On thethirddayofthejourneyandfivehoursaftersunrise,hereachedKura`alGhamim,aplace situatedbetweenMakkahandalMadinahandeightmilesawayfrom`Asfan,whereArchangel Gabrielconveyedtohimsaying,Muhammad:AlmightyAllahgreetsyouandsays:OApostle! DeliverwhathasbeenrevealedtoyoufromyourLord;andifyoudoitnot,thenyouhavenot deliveredHismessage,andAllahwillprotectyoufromthepeople;surelyAllahwillnotguidethe unbelievingpeople. TheHolyProphetsubmittedtotheLord,stoodasifpinnedtothegroundandorderedMuslims whosefirstrowswereabouttoarriveinalJuhafah,avillageabouttwomilesawayfromKura`al Ghamim,tostop.Hewantedtocarryoutthatseriousdivinecommandmentintheveryplace whereithadbeenrevealedtohim.Releasemycamel,heordered,ByAllahIswearthatIwill notleavethisplacebeforeIconveymyLordsmessage.HealsoorderedMuslimstobethere.He thenrodeoff.ArchangelGabriel,havingbeennexttohim,watchedcontentedlytheHolyProphet (S)stremblinglimbsoutoffearingofAllahandtearyeyessaying,Hasitreachedtothreat?Iwill surelycarryoutAllahsorder.Iftheyaccuseandbelieme,thiswillbelessarduousthan counteringthedistressingpunishmentinthisworldandtheHereafter. Beforehelefthim,theangelhadpointedtoasmallareaoftreestotheright.TheHolyProphet(S) lefttheangelanddirectedtowardsGhadirKhumm.Someofthosewhowitnessedtheincident narrated,WeheardtheHolyProphet(S)callingusandwe,owingtotheextremelyhotweather, hastened.Wesawhimputtingapartofhiscloakonthehead. Acollectiveprayerwasdeclaredinotherthanitsduetime.Itwasinfactthetimetocarryon anotherobligatoryprecept,whichispayinghomagetotheHolyProphet(S)sImmaculateProgeny (a.s.).Whateverthereactionwouldbe,thispreceptmustbeconveyedtoMuslims.TheLordhas emphasizedontheconveyancedeclaringthatwasnotapersonalquestionthattheConveyorhas thechoicetodoornotandthattheLordwouldprotectagainstanymischievousresponse.Hence, theHolyProphetshouldcarryouttheorders. Onthatextremelyhotday,theHolyProphet(S)orderedtosweeptheplaceunderthesetrees wherethesermonofthedivineleadershipwouldbedelivered.Healsoorderedtoestablishan elevatedplacesothathiseyeswouldcoverallMuslims.Carryingouttheorders,theyplaced saddlesofcamelsoneachothersoastomakeaminbarlikething.Muslimsapproachedthespring Ghadir,drankfromitswater,servedtheiranimalsandperformedtheritualablution.Before offeringtheprayer,theyhadsurroundedtheHolyProphet(S)tolistentowhathewouldsay. Becausetheplacewastoonarrowtocoverthemall,manyofthemhadtositinthesunorinthe shadowoftheiranimals.Everybodyrealizedthatsomethingthatwouldbedeclaredinthesermon Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

hadhappened;somethinghadbeenrevealedsourgentlythattheHolyProphet(S)couldnotwait twomoremiles! Accordingtothereports,thetotalnumberofMuslimswhoparticipatedintheFarewellHajjwith theHolyProphet(S)wasabout120,000.AftertheHajj,manyofthemmusthaveleft. Nevertheless,thousandsofthemtookthesamewaythattheHolyProphet(S)tooksincethey livedinalMadinahandtheneighboringvillages.Approximately,theywere10,000. DocumentingpeopleofQurayshseffortstocoveruptheincidentofGhadirKhumm,Imamal Sadiqsays,Howstrangemisfortunes`AliibnAbiTalibhadtoface!Hehadtenthousand witnesses;yethecouldnotsavehisright!Peopleusuallysavetheirrightsbytwowitnesses only.[111] Muslimsdidnothavetowaittoolong;theysawtheHolyProphet(S)ascendingtheminbarlike stoneandbeginningwiththeNameofAllah.Hemodulatedanhonorablepoesyaboutthe glorificationandpraisingofAlmightyAllah.Subsequently,heapologizedtotheattendantsfor drivingthemtohaltinsuchapoorplaceandforaskingthemtolistentohiminsuchan intolerableweather.HenotifiedthatArchangelGabrielhadcometohiminalKhayfMasjidto carrytheLordscommandmentofnominating`Aliastheirnewdivinelycommissionedleader. Hesaid,Whenthecommandmentoftheloyaltyto`Alisleadershipwasrevealedtome,I thoughtthatmypeople,havingbeenfreshMuslims,wouldaccusemeoffavoringmycousin. Forthwith,AlmightyAllahthreatenedapunishmentifIwouldneglecttheconveyanceofthe matter.HethereforerevealedOApostle!DeliverwhathasbeenrevealedtoyoufromyourLord; andifyoudoitnot,thenyouhavenotdeliveredHismessage,andAllahwillprotectyoufromthe people;surelyAllahwillnotguidetheunbelievingpeople.ThereisnogodbutHeWhosetimingis unexpectedandinjusticeisunavailing.IacknowledgemyslaverytoHim,testifyHisgodheadand conveywhatHehasrevealedtome,lestanunavoidablecatastrophewillstrikemeandnonewill saveme.People:IamcloseonrespondingtheinvitationofmyLord.Whatwillyousay? Weallacknowledgethatyouhaveperfectlyconveyedandadvised,saidpeople. DoyouacknowledgethatthereisnogodbutAllah,MuhammadbeingHisMessenger,Paradiseis true,HellfireistrueandtheResurrectionistrue?askedtheHolyProphet(S). Yes,wedo,confessedthey. Pointingtohischest,hesaid,SodoI.Hethenadded,Iwillprecedeyouandyouwilljoinmeon theDivinePoolthewidthofwhichisasexpansiveasthedistancefromSana`(Yemen)toBusra (Syria)anditscupsareasmanyasstarsanditswateriswhiterthansilver.Thinkhowyouwill Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

regardmeinthetwoweightythings.Whatarethetwoweightythings?askedaman. Heanswered,ThemajorweightythingisAllahsBookoneofwhoseedgesisintheLordshand whiletheotherisinyours.Ifyoukeepit,youwillneitherslipnorgoastray.Theminorweighty thingismyprogenymyhousehold.IadjureyoubyAllahnottodisregardmyhousehold.Iadjure youbyAllahnottodisregardmyhousehold.IadjureyoubyAllahnottodisregardmyhousehold. TheseweightythingswillneverseparateeachotheruntiltheyjoinmeontheDivinePool.Ihave imploredtomyLordtokeepthisbond.Precedethemnot,lestyouwillbeperished.Shunthem not,lestyouwillgoastray.Teachthemnotfortheyarealwaysmoreknowledgeablethanyouare. People:DoyouknowthatAlmightyAllahismyMasterandIamthemasterofthebelieversandI amprecededtoyourselves? Yes,wedo,declaredpeople. TheHolyProphet(S)thenasked`Alitostanduptohisright.Hethenraisedhishandsohighlythat thearmpitsofbothwereseen.Hedeclared,Whoeverhasregardedmeashismastermustnow regard`Aliashismaster.OAllah!Bethesupporterofhimwhowillsupport`Aliandbetheenemy ofhimwhowilloppose`Aliandgivevictorytohimwhowillsupports`Alianddisappointhimwho willdisappoint`Aliandturntherightto`Aliwheneverheturns.People:Beitknowntoyouthat AlmightyAllahhasnominated`Aliasyourleadermakingtheobediencetohimobligatoryupon Muhajirun,Ansar,theirfollowers,Bedouins,urban,nonArabs,Arabs,mastersandslavesyoung andold. Whatisthelikeoftheloyaltyto`Ali?askedaman.Tobeloyaltohimistobeloyaltome,said theHolyProphet(S),`AlimustbeprecededtothesoulsofthosewhomIwasprecededtotheir souls. Elaborately,theHolyProphet(S)wentoninterpretingtheranksofhisinfallibleprogenyandthe TwelveImamssaying,`Ali,alHasan,alHusaynandnineindividualsfromhisprogenyshallbe, respectively,withtheQuranandtheQuranwillbewiththem.TheywillneverleavetheQuran andtheQuranwillneverleavethemuntiltheywilljoinmeontheDivinePool. Morethanonce,hecalledMuslimstowitnessthathehadconveyedtheLordsmessages,and theydid,andhedemandedthemtocarrythemessagetothosewhocouldnotattendthat assembly,andtheypromisedtodoit.Hethenansweredthequestionsofeverybody. Assoonashefinished,ArchangelGabrieldescendedcarryingAlmightyAllahssaying,Thisday haveIperfectedforyouyourreligionandcompletedMyfavoronyouandchosenforyouIslamas areligion.TheHolyProphet(S)thusthankedandpraisedAlmightyAllahfortheperfectionofthe religionandthecompletionofthegraceandHissatisfactionfortheconveyanceofthenext Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

leadershipof`Ali.Onlythen,helefttheminbarandorderedtoestablishatentinwhich`Aliwould sittoreceiveallMuslimswhomwouldobligatorilycongratulatehimforthedivinelycommissioned leadership.EventheHolyProphet(S)swomenwereorderedtocongratulate. `UmaribnalKhattabwasthefirsttocongratulate,Congratulations,sonofAbuTalib!Youhave becomemymasterandthemasterofeverymaleandfemalebeliever. Seizingtheopportunity,HasanibnThabit,thepoet,askedtheHolyProphet(S)topermithimto composesomeversesontheoccasion.Blessedbeyou!Sayyourverses,saidtheHolyProphet(S). Hence,Hasanpoetized: OnthedayofGhadir,theirProphetcalledthem InKhumm;HowgreattheProphetscallwas! Saying,Whoisyoumasterandleader? Theyansweredandshowednonegligence YourLordisourMasterandyouareourLeader Andnonewilldisobeyyouinthisregard Hesaid:Standup`Ali,forIwillappointyou TheImamandtheguideafterme ThisistheleaderofhimwhosemasterwasI Hence,befaithfulandsincerefollowersofhim Andthenheprayed:OAllah!Supporthissupporter Andbetheenemyofhimwhowilloppose`Ali[112] ThestoryofGhadirreportedinSunnireferencebooksofHadithis,togreatextent,similartowhat Shiitebookshavereported.[113]Forinstance,readthefollowingreportasquotedfromMuslims alSahih7/122: YazidibnHayyanalTaymihasnarratedthatHusaynibnSabarah,MuslimibnZaydandIwentto ZaydibnArqam.Afterwehadsatbeforehim,Husaynasked,Zayd,youhavereallyattainedgreat benefactionbecauseyousawtheHolyProphet(S),listenedtohiswords,participatedinhis campaignsandfollowedhiminprayers.Now,Zayd,pleasenarratetouswhatyouhaveheard fromtheMessengerofAllah. Zaydspoke,Sonofmybrother,IswearbyAllahthatIhavebecomeoldaged,mydayshave becomeveryoldandhaveforgottensomeofthesenarrationsthatIusedtomemorizedirectly fromtheMessengerofAllah.YouthereforeshouldacceptwhatIwilltellyouandshouldnotask methingsovermyability.Hethenadded,Oneday,inaplacebetweenMakkahandalMadinah calledKhumm,theMessengerofAllahdeliveredaspeechtous.Afterstatementsofpraisingand thankingAlmightyAllahaswellasstatementsofpreachandremindingofHim,theHolyProphet Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

said,Opeople,IamnomorethananordinarypersonandthemessengerofmyLord(i.e.the angelofdeath)willshortlycometomeandthenIwillrespond.Amongyou,Ihavelefttwo weightythings:first,theBookofAllahthatincludesrightguidanceandillumination. PreserveintheBookofAllahandholdfastonit.Second,myhousehold;rememberAllah concerningmyhousehold,rememberAllahconcerningmyhousehold,rememberAllahconcerning myhousehold. Husaynaskedagain,Zayd,whoaretheHolyProphet(S)sHousehold?Arehiswivesincludedwith hishousehold?Zaydanswered,Hiswivesareincludedwithhishousehold,buthisHousehold arethosewhomareforbiddentoreceivealmsafterhim.Husaynasked,Whoarethey? Zaydanswered,TheyarethefamilyofAli,thefamilyofAqil,thefamilyofJa`far,andthefamily of`Abbas.[114]AlHakim,inalMustadrak3/148,recordsthefollowing: IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofZaydibnArqamthattheHolyProphetsaid,Iamleaving amongyouthetwoweightythingsAllahsBookandmyhousehold.Theywillnotleaveeach otheruntiltheyjoinmeontheDivinePool.Althoughthisreportisauthenticaccordingtothe criteriaofMuslimandalBukhari,theyhavenotrecordeditintheirbooks. Although,MuslimandalHakimhaverecordedthesamereport,alHakimusedwordscarrying thatImamatewillpersisttotheResurrectionDay.IbnKathir,inalBidayahwalNihayah5/408, hashadadifferentopinion: InhiswaybacktoalMadinahafterhavingclarifiedtheritualsoftheHajj,theHolyProphet(S) addressedaremarkablesermonunderatreeinGhadirKhummontheeighteenthofDhulHijjah. Inthissermon,hedemonstratedmanythings.Healsoreferredto`AliibnAbiTalibsmeritshis honesty,decencyandclosestandingtohim.Bythis,theHolyProphet(S)removedwhatmany peoplehadbornintheirheartsagainst`Ali.AbuJa`faralTabariwassointerestedinthissermon thathecompiledatwovolumebookinwhichhementioneditswaysofnarrationanddifferent forms.Likewise,AbulQasimibn`Asakir,thegrandscholar,hasrecordedmanynarrations appertainedtothesermon. ForIbnKathir,thematterisnomorethananattempttoremovethemalicethatsomeMuslims hadagainst`AliibnAbiTalib;therefore,heorderedthemtohaltinGhadirKhumminorderto prove`Alishonestyandinnocence.TheHolyProphet(S)mentioned`Alismeritssoastoremove whatmanypeoplehadbornintheirheartsagainst`Ali.Inthissermon,Hedemonstratedmany things.Thatisit. Suchastyleisexpectedfromanauthorbelongingtothetribeof`AbdalDarthatImam`Alihad Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

killedtheirbestknightsduringthebattlesofIslam,butnotanauthorrespectingIslamandhaving anyamountoflovefor`AliibnAbiTalib!Forthisreason,WahhabisadoreIbnKathirandpublish hisbooks. AlJuhafahandGhadirKhumm WhywasthedivinecommandmentrevealedonthewaytoalMadinah,intheheartofthedesert andinthehottesthoursofthatday? AlmightyAllahwantedtosaytoHisProphet(S),ThereisnodifferencebetweenMakkahandal Madinah.Whereveryoudeclaretheleadershipofyourprogeny,peopleofQurayshmayobject andmutiny.Theyhavealwayshatedyourhousehold.Becauseyourmissionistoconvey,theplace andtimearenowquitesuitableforconveyance.ConveyandIwillprotectyouagainstpeopleof Qurayshsothatyouwillbeabletofulfillthemissionofconveyance.Iwillwithholdtheirhearts andmentalities,shutthemouthsoftheirdevilsandpreserveyourProphethood.Then,Iwill respitethemastheywillpersecuteyourprogenysothatMywillregardingyourUmmahand progenywillcometopass.Atthattime,IwillsendalMahdiwhowillfillintheearthwithjustice afteritwasfilledinwithinjusticeforIcannotbequestionedconcerningwhatIdoandtheyshall bequestioned. Fromthiscause,anotherquestionmaybecited:HowdidtheLordprotectHisProphet(S)against peopleofQurayshthatnoneofthemattemptedtoobject?MostoftheQurayshitechiefswerein Makkah;yet,someofthemwereinthecaravan,whichalsoincludedsomeMuhajirunwhowere loyaltotheirclanschiefs,nottheirProphet(S).Howcouldtheysaynothingandcontroltheir nerves?HowdidtheytestifytheHolyProphet(S)sconveyance?Howdidtheypromisehimtotell theabsentaboutwhatoccurredthere?Howdidtheyrespondtohimandcongratulate`Alifor thatleadership? Toanswer,AlmightyAllahwantedtopreservethemessageandconstituteHisclaimagainst people.OutofHisomnipotence,HecausedpeopleofQurayshtokeepsilentinGhadirKhumm. TheytookthequestionasoneofthedeclarationsoftheFarewellHajjsaidrepeatedlybytheHoly Prophet(S)whowasstillalive;so,whenhewoulddie,theywouldhaveanothermanner.When theytriedtospeakoutandobject,theLordsentdownabackedclayonalNadribnalHarith theirspokesmanandsenthimtodeath,andsentdownfireonanotherand,too,senthimto death.ThesetwosortsofheavenlypunishmentwereenoughtomakepeopleofQurayshstop cuttingtheroadoftheAhlalBaytsleadership. Ontheotherside,theHolyProphet(S)foundrestforhehadconveyedtheLordsmessageutterly anddeclaredthedivinecommissionofnominating`Aliforleadership.Thematterdeserveda celebration.Thistime,theprocessofconveyancewasaccomplishedpeacefully,peopleof Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

Qurayshdidnotobject,JabiribnSamarahwasnotinfectedwithtemporarydeafnesswhenthe HolyProphetsaidmyprogenyor`AliorBanuHashimandnomutinywasshown,unlikethe incidentofalMadinahthattookplaceonlyfourdaysbeforetheHolyProphet(S)sfinaldeparture whentheyrejectedtofetchhimapenandapapersothathewouldrecordadocument protectingthemagainstdeviationforever. AccordingtoShiitenarrations,theHolyProphet(S)orderedthemtocongratulatesoastoconfirm theircommitmenttothenomination. SunnireferencebooksofHadithhavereportedthatAbuBakr,theQurayshitecaliph,felt extremelysorryforhehadorderedtoattackthehouseof`AliandFatimah(a.s.)twoorthreedays aftertheHolyProphet(S)sdeparture.InMajma`alZawa`id5/202,wereadthefollowing: Ithasbeennarratedthat`AbdalRahmanibn`Awfsaid,IvisitedAbuBakrinhisfinalailment Hesaid,IamnotcontriteforanythingexceptthreedeedsthatIwishIhadnotdoneIwishIhad notattackedFatimahshouseevenIwouldbeengagedinawar ThestoryinbriefisthatwhenAbuBakrbecamethecaliph,hesummonedImam`Alitopay homage,heobjectedandaccusedthemofbetrayingtheHolyProphet(S).Meanwhile,AbuBakr wasinformedthatanumberofAnsarandMuhajirunwereholdingameetinginFatimahshouse. `Umarsuggestedthatthehouseshouldbeattackedandthegroupshouldbethreateneda burningiftheywouldinsist.`UmaribnalKhattabledagroupandattackedthehouseofFatimah (a.s.). Theysurroundedandplacedfirewoodaroundthehouse.Someofthosewhowereinthehouse weresupportingImam`Alissituationwhiletheotherswerethereforofferingconsolationonthe HolyProphet(S)sdecease.Allofthem,however,werethreatenedburningiftheywouldrefuseto comeout.Practically,firewoodweresetonfirearoundthehouse.Becausehehadtocarryout theHolyProphet(S)sinstruction,Imam`Alididnotwanttofightthem.FatimahalZahra`went outsothattheywouldrevereherandgoback.Onthecontrary,shesufferedinsultsandwas beatenbythelashofsomeofthemsoheavilythatherbabywasabortedetc. Induecourse,`AliandFatimah(a.s.)decidedtoseekAnsarssupportdemandingthemtofulfill theirpledgetoprotecttheAhlalBaytinthesamewayastheyprotecttheirfamilies.Imam`Ali askedLadyFatimahalZahra`,theailing,torideonananimalwhilealHasan,alHusayn,Zaynab andUmmKulthumaccompaniedthempassingbythecelebritiesofAnsarfortwonights. AnsweringLadyFatimah,theysaid,DaughteroftheHolyProphet(S):Hadweheardyourwords beforepayinghomagetoAbuBakr,wewouldneverhaveacceptedanyonesave`Ali.Yet,she answered,MyfatherdidnotleaveanyexcuseforanyoneonthatdayinGhadirKhumm.[115] Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

LadyFatimahalZahra`sspeechwasacopyofherfathers.Indeed,shewasapartofhimandtoo immaculatetospeaklikeordinarypeoplesinceshewasgodlyincreation,thinking,feelingsand manners.Correspondingly,herfathersaid,Very,AllahissatisfiedwheneverFatimahissatisfied andenragedwheneverFatimahisenraged.Shethusimitatedherfatherwhensherefuted Ansarsexcuseshowingthattheiranswerhadbeenpoliticalwhilethedivineclaimismore elevated,prevalentandadvancedthanpoliticalgames.AsAlmightyAllahnamedtheleaderofthe Ummah,noonehastherighttochoose.Allpeoplearethusrequiredtosubmitsincetheclaimof theirLordhasbeenconstitutedonthem. Accordingtotheconceptionofthedivineconveyance,thedeclarationofGhadirwasanever endingdivineactionwhileanyoppositeactcanbeeffectiveinpoliticalconceptionsonly.Asa matteroffact,thepoliticallypowerfulactsarestillfutileandmeaninglesseveniftheypersistfor years,centuries,oruntiltheadventofImamalMahdi. Notes: [88]AlWahidi:AsbabalNuzul1/438. [89]AlWahidi:AsbabalNuzul1/139andalTabari:Tafsir6/198. [90]AlNisapuri:alWasit2/208. [91]AsimilarnarrationisrecordedinalSirah1/460. [92]AlTabarani:alMu`jamalKabir11/205. [93]AlHakim,inalMustadrak2/313,hasreportedthesamenarrationfrom`A`ishahregardingit asauthenticallydocumented;yet,MuslimandalBukharididnotrecordit. [94]AlSuhayli:alRawdalAnif2/290,alQastalani:IrshadalSari5/86,Ibnal`Arabi:Sharhal Tirmithi6/11,174,Al`Ayni:`UmdatalQari7/14,95,IbnJazzi:alTashil1/244,alNuwayri:Nihayat alIrab8/16,196and19/18,342,alNisapuri:alWasit2/209andalDamiri:HayatalHayawanal Kubra1/79. [95]InTarikhalMadinahalMunawwarah1/301,IbnShaybahhasrelatedthesamereportto `AbdullahibnShaqiqandMuhammadibnKa`bAlQarazi.AlTabari,inTafsir6/199,relatesitto `AbdullahibnShaqiq.ForibnSa`d,healsorecordsthereportinalTabaqat1/1/113.Similarly,al BayhaqirecordsitinDala`ilalNubuwwah2/180. [96]InKanzal`Ummal12/430,thereportisrelatedto`Abdullahibn`AmribnAl`As.InMajma`al Zawa`id10/367,itisdecidedasauthentic. [97]IbnHusham:alSirah4/21. [98]IbnHusham:alSirah3/227. [99]AlBukhari:alSahih5/53.Also,alHakimsalMustadrak3/29referringtothelegislationof SalatalKhawfandthepracticeofguardthatismorewatchfulontheHolyProphet(S).Hehasalso decidedtheauthenticityofthereportaccordingtothecriteriaofMuslimandalBukhariwho thoughdidnotrecordit.ForAhmad,hehasreferredtoGhawrathsstoryinalMusnad3/364,390 withreferencetothelegislationofSalatalKhawfdisregardingtherevelationoftheVerse.Refer Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

to4/59ofthesamereferencebook.ExceptthereferencetotherevelationoftheVerse,many detailsofthestoryhavebeenwrittendowninalHaythamisMajma`alZawa`id9/8. [100]IbnHajar:FathalBari8/2752. [101]AlHasakani:ShawahidalTanzil1/157N.211,Ibn`Asakir:TarikhDimashq2/85Chapter:`Ali ibnAbiTalibsLifetime,N.5856. [102]Formoredetails,seetheconsecutiveworksthatdealtwiththeHadithofGhadir,suchasIbn `Uqdah:alRisalah,alTabari:HadithalGhadir,alDarqutni:HadithalGhadir,AlDhahbi:Hadithal Ghadir,`UbaydullahalHasakani:HadithalGhadir,Mas`udalSajistani:HadithalGhadir.For furtherinformation,seealAmini:KitabalGhadirandHamidHusaynalLakahnuwi:`Abaqatal AnwaraswellmanyreferencebooksofHadith. [103]`AbdalHusaynSharafalDinal`Amili;thecompilerofthefamousbookofalMuraja`atas wellasmanyothers. [104]Whoeverhasregardedmeashismastermustnowregard`Aliashismaster.OAllah!Bethe supporterofhimwhowillsupport`Aliandbetheenemyofhimwhowilloppose`Ali. [105]RevisedbyShaykhMuhammadBaqiralMahmudi. [106]`dalFitr;thefeastofbreakingthefastisthefestivalmarkingtheendofRamadanand fallingonthefirstdayofShawwal.`dalAdha;thefeastofsacrificeisthefestivalmarkingthe culminationoftheritualHajjseasonandfallingonthetenthofDhulHijjah. [107]AsimilarnarrationhasbeenrecordedinalAyyashisbookofTafsir1/333. [108]ThesamereporthasbeenrepeatedinalBukharis6/50and8/210,Muslims1/10andal Tirmidhis4/328etc. [109]Lateron,morelightwillbefocusedonthesetopics. [110]AsimilardiscussionhasbeenrecordedinBadralDinal`Ayni:`UmdatalQari14/95. [111]AlHurral`Amili:Wasa`ilalShi`ah18/174. [112]ShaykhalSaduq:KamalalDinwaTamamalNi`mah276,alTabrasi:alIhtijaj1/70,al Nisapuri:RawdatalWa`izin98,MuhammadibnJariralTabari:117. [113]Fordetails,seealAmini:alGhadir. [114]Also,AhmadibnHanbal:alMusnad2/366. [115]ShaykhalSaduq:alKhisal1/173.

Chapter6:TheVerseofIkmalalDin(TheFinalVerse) Itisnotunacceptabletosaythatathoughtfulstudyoftheeventsthatcausedtherevelationof QuranicVersesestablishesnewindications,unveilsnewfactsandrepealsmanythingsthat peopleadoptasfactsforages.Thisisbecausethestatisticalaspectintheinterpretationofthe Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

HolyQuranismorereliablethanotheraspects.Incasetherearefivecontrarynarrationseach mentioningadefiniteevent,placeanddatefortherevelationofaQuranictext,itisillogicto acceptthemalljustbecausetheirnarratorswereSahabahanyofwhomwillsurelyguidetothe right!Infact,onenarrationonlywillbetrue,whiletheotherswillbenot.Yet,thismissionis difficultbecauseoftheconfusionandcontrastofthenarrations.Atanyrate,exegetesoftheHoly QuranarerequiredtoundertakethemissionactivelyandtolerablyinordertosupplytheUmmah withtheresultsoftheirstudiesthatmustbenewandusefulinthefieldoftheunderstandingof theHolyQuranandSunnahaswellastheotherreligiousfields. MuslimsscholarsinconsistencyindefiningtheearliestQuranictextisnotunfamiliar;[116]rather theirinconsistencyindefiningthelastrevelationisverystrange!InthebeginningoftheDivine Revelation,therewerenoMuslims,nowritersandnointerestinthemarchoftheDivineMission, whilewhenthelastrevelationdescended,MuslimswereunitednationsurroundingtheHoly Prophet(S)afterhehadpredictedtheimminenceofhisfinaldepartureandaccompaniedthem duringtheritualHajj. Thereasonwasdefinitelypolitical;forpoliticalpurposes,thequestionofthelastrevelationofthe HolyQuranwasobscured. SurahalMa`idah;theFinal ReferencebooksofHadith,TafsirandjurisprudencehaveproventhatSurahofalMa`idahwasthe finalQuranicchapter,andtheVerseofIkmalalDin(PerfectionoftheReligion),whichwas revealedaftersealingalltheprecepts,wasthefinalQuranictext.Nevertheless,someSahabah attemptedtochangethisfact. TheAhlalBaytsOpinion Inal`AyyashisbookofTafsir1/288,wereadthefollowing: Ithasbeennarratedontheauthorityof`saibn`Abdullahontheauthorityofhisfatheronthe authorityofhisgrandfatherthatImam`Alisaid,Quranictextsusedtoberepealedbythenewer ones;consequently,theHolyProphet(S)usedtotakeupthelatest.SurahofalMa`idahrepealed theotherSurahsbecauseitwasthefinal.ItwasrevealedwhiletheHolyProphet(S)wasridinghis brownredmule.Therevelationwassoponderousthattheanimalhadtostopanditsabdomen wasabouttotouchtheground.TheHolyProphet(S)wasfaintedandhadtocatchShaybahibn WahabalJamhisbraid.Afterawhile,heraisedhisheadandrecitedSurahofalMa`idah. Imam`Ali(a.s.)wantedtosaythatrubbingthefeetduringtheritualablutionisobligatorysinceno otherrulinghasrepealeditbecauseitwasrevealedfinally.[117] Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 InalKafi1/289,wereadthefollowing: Ithasbeennarratedontheauthorityof`AliibnIbrahimontheauthorityofhisfatheronthe authorityofIbnAbi`Umayrontheauthorityof`UmaribnUdhaynahontheauthorityofZurarah, alFudaylibnYasar,BukayribnA`yun,MuhammadibnMuslim,BuraydibnMuawiyahandAbul JarudthatAbuJa`far(ImamalBaqir)said,AlmightyAllahhasmadetheloyaltyto`Aliobligatory. Herevealed,OnlyAllahisyourguardianandHisMessengerandthosewhobelieve,thosehow keepprayersandpaytheZakatwhiletheybow. Peopledidnotknowwhattheloyaltymeant;therefore,HeorderedtheHolyProphet(S)to explainitinthesamewayasheexplainedtheobligatoryprayer,Zakat,fastingandHajj,but becausehefearedlestpeoplewouldapostatizefromthereligionorbeliehim,hesupplicatedto theLordaboutitandtheLordrevealed,OApostle!Deliverwhathasbeenrevealedtoyoufrom yourLord,andifyoudoitnot,thenyouhavenotrevealedHismessageandAllahwillprotectyou fromthepeople. Immediatelyafterthat,hecarriedouttheinstruction.Hecalledpeopletogatherandconveyed thedivinelycommissionedleadershipof`Aliandorderedtheattendantstocarryittotheabsent. ThattookplaceinGhadirKhumm.Thepreceptswererevealedconsecutivelyandthelastofthem wastheloyaltytotheAhlalBayt;therefore,closelyaftertheHolyProphet(S)sdeclarationof Ghadir,AlmightyAllahrevealed,ThisdayhaveIperfectedforyouyourreligionandcompleted MyfavoronyouandchosenforyouIslamasareligion.BythisVerse,theLordmeantthatHe shouldnotrevealanymorepreceptssinceHehadperfectedthem. ThefollowingisquotedfromAlYa`qubisTarikh2/43: IthasbeensaidthattheVerseofIkmalalDinwasthefinal.Itisthemostaccurateopinion. SunniNarrationsAgreeingtotheAhlAlBaytsOpinion InalDurralManthur2/252,wereadthefollowing: IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofSa`idibnMansurandIbnalMundhirontheauthorityof AbuMaysarahthatthefinalrevealedSurahwasalMa`idahwhereinseventeenpreceptsare mentioned. InalMuhalla9/407,thefollowingisrecorded: Ithasbeennarratedontheauthorityof`A`ishahthattheSurahofalMa`idahwasthefinal.You Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

thusshoulddeemlawfulwhateveryoufindlawfulthereinanddeemunlawfulwhateveryoufind prohibitedtherein.Onthataccount,theVersesofthisSurahhavenotbeenrepealed;ratherthey aredecisive. Inthesamebook,7/389,wereadthefollowing: IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofIbnWahabontheauthorityofMuawiyahibnSalihonthe authorityofJirriIbnKulaybontheauthorityofJubayribnNufayrthat`A`ishahsaid,Surahofal Ma`idahwasthefinal.Youshouldthusdeemunlawfulwhateverisprohibitedtherein.[118] ReadthefollowinginMajma`alZawa`id1/256: IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofIbn`AbbasthatSurahofalMa`idahhasdecided everythingbecauseitwasthefinal.Althoughthereporthasbeenalsorecordedfullyinal TabaranisalMu`jamalAwsatand,yetapartofit,IbnMajahsalSunan,oneofitsreportersis `Ubaydibn`UbaydahalTammarwho,accordingtoIbnHabban,wastrustfulbutusedtoreport strangenarrations. AlHaythamiwantstosaythatthismanusedtonarratereportsopposingtheregulationsofthe rulingauthoritiesoneofwhichisthatthefinalSurahwasnotalMa`idah. ThefollowingisquotedfromalDurralManthur2/252: IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofAbu`UbaydDamarahibnHabiband`AtiyyahibnQays thattheHolyProphetsaid,SurahofalMa`idahisoneofthefinal.Youshouldthusdependupon whatisthereinrespectingthelawfulandtheprohibited. Thisistheonlynarrationthataddsoneoftothetext.Itthereforemustbeunderstoodthatit wasaddedsoastoseekthesatisfactionoftherulingauthorities. AccordingtoTafsiralTibyan3/413,`Abdullahibn`Umarsaid,SurahofalMa`idahwasthefinal. InalGhadir1/228,wereadthefollowing: IbnKathirhasnarratedontheauthorityofAhmad,alHakimandalNassa`ithat`A`ishahsaid, SurahofalMa`idahwasthefinal. Tosumitup,theAhlalBayt,aswellasmanyauthenticnarrationsrecordedinSunnireference bookofHadith,haveconfirmedthatSurahofalMa`idahwasthefinalandtheVerseofIkmalal Dinwasthefinalrevelationbecauseitshowsthatthereligionhasbeenperfected. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 TheOtherOpinions AlthoughthequestionoftheVerseofIkmalalDinsbeingthefinalislogicallyandpractically indisputable,itwasobscuredbecauseofthemanyconflicting,yetauthenticaccordingtotheir criteria,narrationseachidentifyingadefiniteVerseasthefinal.Thematterbecameworsewhen someSahabahadoptedcertainopinionsinthisregard,andtheSahabahspersonalopinionsare alwaystoofaultlesstobeobjected! Unlikethefouropinionsaboutthefirstrevelation,alSuyuti,inalItqan1/101,seemedtobetoo embarrassedtolistthemanyconflictingopinionsregardingthefinalrevelation;hetherefore outlinedthematafastpace.Yet,we,hereinafter,havetoundertakethismissionandlistsomeof them,yetinabstract,sothatwewillrefertothereasonbeyondtheoriginationofeachopinion: 1.Verse278ofSurahofalBaqarah(TheVerseofusury) 2.Verse176ofSurahofalNisa`(TheVerseofKalalah) 3.Verse281ofSurahofalBaqarah 4.Verse128ofSurahofalTawbah 5.Verse25ofSurahofalAnbiya` 6.Verse110ofSurahofalKahf 7.Verse93ofSurahofalNisa` 8.SurahofalTawbah 9.SurahofalNasr Thefollowingstorymayfocussomelightontheoriginationofsuchcontradictionandconfusion: AshecouldnotcitetheexegesisoftheVerseofusury,`UmarexcusedthattheVersewasthefinal andtheHolyProphet(S)wasdeceasedbeforehehadexplained.Sincethen,thisVersefounditself aplaceintheopinionsregardingthefinalQuranictexttoviewithSurahofalMa`idah.Inany event,usuryhasbeendiscussedinfourVersessomeofwhichwererevealedinMakkah.Which onewasintendedtobethefinal? Asusual,thefansof`UmarvolunteeredtosolvetheproblemintroducingVerse278ofSurahofal Baqarahastheoneintended.Forthiscause,theyhavebelievedthatthefinalVerseliesinSurah ofalBaqarah,whichwasrevealedintheearlieststageoftheHolyProphet(S)simmigrationand decidedthattheprohibitionofusurywasanadditionallegislationsinceitwasrevealedafterthe VerseofIkmalalDin.Intheirconceptions,suchironyisacceptablesolongasitaimsatdefending `Umar! FromAhmadibnHanbalsalMusnad1/36,wequotethefollowing: Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofSa`idibnalMusayyabthat`Umar,MayAllahpleasehim, said,TheVerseofusurywasthefinal.TheProphet(S)wasdeceasedbeforehehadexplainedit. Therefore,youshouldleaveusuryandsuspicion.[119] FromalSarakhsisalMabsut2/51and12/114,wequotethefollowing: `Umar,mayAllahpleasehim,said,TheVerseofusurywasthefinal.TheProphet(S)diedbefore hehadexplainedit. AlSuyuti,inalItqan1/101,recordsthefollowing: AlBukharihasnarratedontheauthorityofIbn`AbbasthattheVerseofusurywasthefinal.On theauthorityof`Umar,alBayhaqihasrelatedasimilarthing.Ahmad(ibnHanbal)andIbnMajah havenarratedthat`UmarsaidthattheVerseofusurywasoneofthefinalrevelations. Hereisanotherstory:Oneday,ormanydaysinfact,`Umarcouldnotunderstandthemeaningof Kalalah;consequently,hehadtosaythattheVersewasthefinalandtheHolyProphet(S)died beforehehadexplainedit,orhehadexplaineditinsufficiently. AlBukhari,inalSahih5/115hasnarratedontheauthorityofalBarra`ibn`AzibthatSurahofal TawbahwasthefinalandthelastVerseinSurahofalNisa`wasthefinal. AlSuyuti,inalItqan1/101hasnarratedontheauthorityofMuslimandalBukharithatalBarra` ibn`Azibsaid,ThefinallyVerseisthelastinSurahofalNisa`andthefinalSurahisalTawbah. Ahmad,inalMusnad4/298hasalsonarratedontheauthorityofalBarra`ibn`Azibthatthefinal SurahwasalTawbahandthefinalVersewasthelastinSurahofalNisa`. Sincethen,theVerseofKalalahpusheditswayintheopinionsregardingthefinalVersetovie withSurahofalMa`idahandtheVerseofusury.Itisworthmentioningthatthequestionof Kalalahperplexed`UmaribnalKhattabsoimmenselythatheregardeditasoneofthemajor issuesoftheUmmah.[120] However,thepreviousstoriesindicatethatSunnireferencebooksofHadithhavebeentoo contradictorytobeacceptedasawhole.Itisthereforenecessarytoacceptsomeandthrow others.Theyalsoimplythat`Umar,intheconceptionsofourSunnibrethren,issountouchable thathisunreasonableclaimsmustbeturnedintoundiscussiblefactseveniftheyopposetheHoly QuranoraccusetheHolyProphet(S)ofimperfectconveyance!Ifanyonerejects,hemustbeone oftheRafidahwhoaretheenemiesofAllah,HisProphet(S),HisreligionandtheSahabah! Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 Correspondingly,`UmarconfirmedthattheVersesofusury,Kalalahandperhapsmanyothers wererevealedaftertheVerseofIkmalalDin.Inotherwords,AlmightyAllahinformedMuslims abouttheperfectionofthereligionwhiletherewerestillmanyquestionstoberevealed!No MuslimshouldeveraccepttoaccusetheLordandHisMessengerofimperfectionandillogicsoas tosaveanordinarymortalfromcontradiction. Letusnowrefertotheotheropinionsinbrief: AlBukhari,inalSahih5/182,hasrecordedontheauthorityofSa`idibnJubayrthatIbn`Abbas said,Verse93ofSurahofalNisa`wasnotrepealedbyanyotherVersebecauseitwasthe final.[121] Itisimpropertoacceptsuchauthenticatednarrationsandtobelievethattheprohibitionof murderingabelieverwasanadditionallawthatwasrevealedaftertheVerseofIkmalalDin. AlHakim,inalMustadrak2/338,hasnarratedontheauthorityofYusufibnMahranonthe authorityofIbn`Abbasthat`UbayibnKa`bsaidthatthelasttwoVersesofSurahofalTawbah werethefinal.[122] Muslim,inalSahih8/243,hasnarratedontheauthorityofIbn`AbbasthatthefinalSurahthat wasrevealedwhollyisSurahofalNasr.[123] AlTabarani,inalMu`jamalKabir12/19,hasrecordedontheauthorityofIbn`AbbasthatVerse 281ofSurahofalBaqarahwasthefinal.EvenMuawiyahibnAbiSufyanhadanopinion;fromthe minbar,hedeniedthattheVerseofIkmalalDinwasthefinal;ratheritwasthelastVerseofSurah ofalKahfwhereAllahreproachedHisMessenger![124] Havingnoticedthatthematterexceededalllimits,alSuyutihashadtosaysomething,yetslightly, abouttheopinionsof`UmarandMuawiyahwhowentextremelyfarinforgerysoastotakethe VerseofIkmalalDinawayfromtheAhlalBaytandtheincidentanddeclarationofGhadir Khumm.Asusual,alSuyutihadtopassbythemattersoquicklythatnonewouldwonder.Inal Itqan1/102,herecordsthefollowing: Undoubtedly,theVerseofIkmalalDinwasrevealedduringtheFarewellHajjdenotingthatallthe lawshavebeenperfected.Manyscholars,suchasalSaddi,haveaffirmedthatallthereligious lawswererevealedbeforetheVerseintended;yet,ithasbeennarratedthattheVersesofusury, debtandKalalahwererevealedlater.IbnJarir,however,hasnotacceptedthisopinion.Hesays thattheperfectionofthereligionstandsforMuslimsprevalenceonMakkah,nomore. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

IbnJarir,whosewordsmightbeadmittedbyalSuyuti,wantstosaythattheonlysolutionforsuch contrarynarrationsistotaketheVerseofIkmalalDin[125]awayfromtheperfectionofthe religioninordertosavetheopinionsof`UmarandMuawiyah. Itishowevernotanewthing;Sunnischolarshavealwayswontedtodeemobligatorythewordsof theSahabah,excepttheAhlalBaytofcourse,eveniftheyhavetoputavetoonthewordsof AllahandHisMessenger! TheresultofsuchfanaticismisthattheyhaveconcludedthattheVerseofIkmalalDinwasnot thefinal,norwasSurahofalMa`idahthesealoftheQuran.Moreover,itdoesnotdenotethe perfectionofthereligiousrulings;ratheritreferstotheperfectionoftheconquestofMakkah. Accordingly,thisdaymentionedintheVersereferstotwoyearsbefore! Lateron,thereaderwillrealizethat`Umarassertedthatthisdayreferstotheverydayonwhich theVersewasrevealedoreven,asalQurtubi[126]affirms,theveryhour. TheVerseintheHolyQuran IntheNameofAllah,theBeneficent,theMerciful Oyouwhobelieve!DonotviolatethesignsappointedbyAllahnorthesacredmonth,nor interferewiththeofferings,northesacrificialanimalswithgarlands,northosegoingtothesacred houseseekingthegraceandpleasureoftheirLord;andthatyouarefreefromtheobligationsof theHajj,thenhunt,andletnothatredofapeoplebecausetheyhinderedyoufromtheSacred Masjidinciteyoutoexceedthelimits,andhelponeanotheringoodnessandpiety,anddonot helponeanotherinsinandaggression;andbecarefulofyourdutytoAllah;surelyAllahissevere inrequitingevil. Forbiddentoyouisthatwhichdiesofitself,andblood,andfleshofswine,andthatonwhichany othernamethanthatofAllahhasbeeninvoked,andthestrangledanimalandthatbeatento death,andthatkilledbyafallandthatkilledbybeingsmittenwiththehorn,andthatwhichwild beastshaveeaten,exceptwhatyouslaughter,andwhatissacrificedonstonessetupforidolsand thatyoudividebythearrows;thatisatransgression.Thisdayhavethosewhodisbelievedespair ofyourreligion,sofearthemnot,andfearMe.ThisdayhaveIperfectedforyouyourreligionand completedMyfavoronyouandchosenforyouIslamasareligion;butwhoeveriscompelledby hunger,notincliningwillfullytosin,thensurelyAllahisForgiving,Merciful.[5:23[ TheForbiddenMeat Inthefirstplace,theunusualsituationoftheVersejumpstothemind.Accordingtoreportsand Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

interpretationoftheHolyQuran,theVersewasrevealedduringtheFarewellHajjasan independentVerse;yet,itisnowapartofaVerseconcerningtheforbiddenmeat.Ifthispartis removed,themeaningofthewholeVersewillnotchange.WhyhastheVersebeensituatedin thisplace?WasititsoriginalplaceaccordingtotherevelationordidoneoftheSahabahchoose thisplaceforitoutofpersonalview? Firstofall,we,theShi`ah,aretoosubmissivetoAlmightyAllahtosaythatanysortofdistortion haseveroccurredtotheHolyQuran.Yet,wehaveputsuchaquestionhopingforananswer. Perhaps,thosewhocollectedtheHolyQuranmissedoutthecorrectpositionoftheVerseand, insteadofputtingitintheendofSurahofalMa`idah,theyputitinthisposition.IftheVerse comesaftertherulingsofthemeat,itmaybeacceptable;buttobeinthemiddleoftherulingsis ratherunsatisfactory!AlHaythami,inalDurralManthur2/2579,hasnarratedontheauthority ofIbnJarirthatalSaddisaidthattheVerseofIkmalalDinwasrevealedonthedayof`Arafatand wasthesealingoftherulings.

TheAhlalBaytandtheVerseofIkmalalDin TheAhlalBaythaveconfirmedthattheVersewasrevealedinalJuhafahonThursday,the eighteenthofDhulHijjahwhentheHolyProphet(S)wasinhiswaybackfromtheFarewellHajj. ThefollowingnarrationisquotedfromalKulaynisalKafi1/289: Ithasbeennarratedontheauthorityof`AliibnIbrahimontheauthorityofSalihibnalSindion theauthorityofJa`faribnBashirontheauthorityofHarunibnKharijahontheauthorityofAbu Basirthataman,once,askedImamalBaqirwhetherleadershipofImam`Aliwasapersonal opinionorwasitdivinelycommissioned.TheImamanswered,TheHolyProphet(S)hasbeentoo reverenttodeclareathingwithoutthecommandofAlmightyAllah.Liketheobligatoryritualsof prayer,Zakat,fastingandHajj,theleadershipofImam`Aliwasanobligatorypreceptthat AlmightyAllahhasissued. In1/198ofthesamebook,wereadthefollowingnarration: Thefollowinghasbeennarratedontheauthorityof`Abdal`AzizibnMuslim: IntheMasjidofMarw,people,discussingtheImamate,referredtothebigvarianceofpeoples opinionsinthisregard.IthereforevisitedImamalRida(a.s.)andinformedhimaboutthe Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

question.Hesmiledandsaidtome: `Abdal`Aziz:Peopleareindeedignorantaboutthereligion.AlmightyAllahwouldnotcauseHis Prophet(S)todieunlessHewouldperfectthereligion.HerevealedtohimtheHolyQuranin whichthereistheexplanationofeverythingandthemanifestationofwhatislawful,unlawful,the doctrinalprovisions,therulingsandeverythingthatpeoplemayneed.Inthisregard,Hesays, NothingisleftwithoutamentionintheBook.6/38 DuringtheFarewellHajj,whichtookplaceinthelastdaysoftheHolyProphet(S)slifetime, AlmightyAllahrevealedtohimsaying,ThisdayhaveIperfectedyourreligion,completedMy favorstoyouandhavechosenIslamasareligion.6:3 Imamatehasbeenapartoftheperfectionofthereligion.TheHolyProphet(S)didnotdepartthis worldbeforehehadmanifestedtotheUmmahthepointsoftheirreligion,showedthemtheright coursesthattheyshouldtake,situatedthemontherightpathandassignedImam`Ali(a.s.)as leaderandImamforthem.Asamatteroffact,hedidnotleaveanythingwithoutthorough manifestation.AnyonewhoclaimsthatAllahhasnotperfectedHisreligionisinfactdenyingthe HolyQuran,andtodenytheHolyQuranisasortofatheism. DopeopleacknowledgethetruestandingofImamateanditspositionintheUmmahsothatthey mayberightfultochooseforthemselves? AlmightyAllahhasgivenProphetAbrahamImamateasathirdrankafterProphethoodand intimacyandasavirtuebywhichHeconferredhonoruponhimandpraisedhim.WhenhisLord testedAbraham'sfaith,(byHiswords)andhesatisfiedthetest,Hesaid,Iamappointingyouas theImamofmankind.Abrahamasked,WillthisImamatealsocontinuethroughmy descendants?TheLordreplied,TheunjustdonothavetherighttoexerciseMyauthority.2:124 ProphetAbrahamwashighlydelightedforthisrank;therefore,hehopeditwouldbepassedtohis descendants. ThisVerse,however,cancelstheImamateofanyunjustindividualuptotheDayofResurrection anddedicatesittothechoiceonesexclusively.ThenAlmightyAllahhashonoredImamatewhen HehasdecidedittobefortheoffspringoftheImmaculateones.Hesays,Wegrantedhim (Abraham)IsaacandJacobasagiftandhelpedbothofthemtobecomerighteouspeople.We appointedthemasImamstoguidethepeoplethroughOurcommandandsentthemrevelationto striveforgooddeeds,worshiptheirLordandpayreligioustax.BothofthemwereOur worshippingservants.21:734ThesuccessivegenerationskeptonreceivingtheImamatein inheritanceuntilitreachedProphetMuhammad(S).Inthisregard,AlmightyAllahsays,The nearestpeopletoAbraham,amongmankind,arethosewhofollowedhim,thisProphet (Muhammad)andthetruebelievers.3:68Inthismanner,theImamatehasbecomeexclusivefor Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

them. ThentheHolyProphet(S)gaveittoImam`Ali(a.s.)tobesuccessiveinhischoiceoffspringupon whomAllahhasconferredknowledgeandfaith.ThisisindicatedinAlmightyAllahssaying,Those whohavereceivedknowledgeandhavefaithwillsay,BythedecreeofAllah,youhaveremained fortheexactperiodwhichwasmentionedintheBookofAlmightyAllahabouttheDayof Resurrection.ThisistheDayofResurrection,butyoudidnotknow.30:56ThisVerseshowsthe decreeofAlmightyAllahregardingthequestionofImamatethatwillpersistintheHolyProphet (S)sprogenyuntiltheDayofResurrection,sincenoProphetshouldcomeafterMuhammad(S). Afterall,howcanthoseignorantpeoplechooseforImamateoutoftheiropinions?[127] SunniOpinionAgreeingtotheAhlalBayts InSunnireferencebooksofHadith,onecanfindtensofnarrations,someofwhicharefirstclass accordingtotheircriteriainclassifyingtheHadith,regardingthedeclarationofGhadir.AlTabari hascompiledthetextsandwaysofnarratingthedeclarationofGhadirinatwovolumebook entitledalWilayah.Ibn`Asakirandmanyothershavealsorecordedsimilarreportsallofwhich refertotheHolyProphet(S)sraisingImam`AlishandandconveyingtheLordscommandmentof theloyaltytohisImamate. Nevertheless,anumberoffanaticSunnishavecriticizedalTabariforthatworksincethey anticipatedthatShi`ahwouldconstituteitasevidenceandwouldrefertoitduringargument. MostofsuchnarrationshaveconfirmedthattheVerseofIkmalalDinwasrevealedonthatdayin GhadirKhummjustaftertheHolyProphet(S)sdeclarationofthedivinelycommissioned leadershipofImam`Ali(a.s.).Unfortunately,mostofSunnischolarswhoadmitthereportsof GhadirhaverejectedtheVerseshavingbeenrevealedonthatoccasionand,instead,admitted thesayingsof`UmarandMuawiyahclaimingitsrevelationonthedayof`Arafat. Ontheotherhand,manyShiitescholarshaverecordedthenarrationsrespectingtheincidentof Ghadir,suchasalNaqawialHindi:`AbaqatalAnwar,ShaykhalAmini:alGhadir,Sayyidal Mar`ashi:SharhIhqaqalHaqandSayyidalMilani:NafahatalAzhar.ShaykhalAmini,alGhadir 1/230,haslistedtheSunnireferencebooksofHadithwhoconfirmthattheVerseofIkmalalDin wasrevealedonthatdayinGhadiraftertheHolyProphet(S)hadnominatedImam`Aliasthe comingleader. `UmarsOpinion `UmarsaysthattheVerseofIkmalalDinwasrevealedonthedayof`Arafat,whichwasFriday, duringtheFarewellHajj.Hence,mostSunnishaveadoptedthisopinion[128]disregardingthe Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

scholars,suchasSufyanalThawri,alNassa`iandmanyothers,whodoubtedwhetherthedayof `ArafatduringtheFarewellHajjwasFridayanddisregardingthemanynarrationsthatagreewith theAhlalBaytsclaimsbecauseitwas`Umarwhosaiditand,asanindisputablerule,`Umars statementmustbebeyondanydisputeandmustbeprecededtoallthings![129]Althoughmajor scholarshaveconfirmedthattheVerseofIkmalalDinwasrevealedinGhadirKhummonthe occasionoftheHolyProphet(S)snominatingImam`AliastheleaderoftheUmmah,others,such asalSuyuti,insistthatitwasrevealedbeforethatoccasion. AfterpresentingthescholarsopinionsabouttheVerse,IbnKathir,oneoftheadorerof`Umar,in Tafsir2/14,triestounveilthescholarssuspectingthedayof`ArafathavingbeenFridayduring theFarewellHajjsothattosave`Umarsopinionfromanythingincludingsuspicion.Heuses deceptivewordstodegradethesuspicionarousedbySufyanalThawri.Inthesametime,he ignorestotallythereportsofalTabarithatunveiltheinaccuracyof`Umarsopinion.[130] FactorsSupportingtheAhlalBaytsOpinion (1)FactorofTime ItiseasytosearchfortheactualincidentbeyondtherevelationoftheVerseofIkmalalDin throughthemanynarrationsreportingtheeventsoftheFarewellHajj,whichwasexpansively distinctiveforitwaspreparedduetoanearlierdivinecommandment.Itwasattendedbyabout 70000120000individualsmostofwhomnarrated,somewhatindetails,mostoftheevents thereinaswellastheHolyProphet(S)sactions,wordsandthefivesermons.Theyalsohadin mindthedayonwhichtheHolyProphet(S)leftalMadinah,theplaceshepassedbyorstopped at,thedayonwhichhearrivedinMakkahandhowheundertooktheritualsoftheHajj. Moreover,theydescribedhisjourneybacktoalMadinahindetailsuptothefinalhourofhis lifetime. Accordingly,theelementoftimeisthemostimportantinthequestionofidentifyingthedayon whichtheVerseofIkmalalDinwasrevealed.Yet,itgivespreponderancetotheAhlalBayts opinion. (2)FactorofContradiction UnliketheimaginationsofalTabariandhislikes,thecontradictioninthisissueisnotbetween twonarrationsoneofwhichismoreauthenticatedthantheother;ratheritisacontradiction betweenaHadithandasayingof`Umar.Thereportsthattheyhaveregardedasdoubtfularein factdocumentedHadithswhiletheotherreportsofalBukhariandhislikesareonlysayingsof `UmarwhodidnotreportthemfromtheHolyProphet(S).`Umarssayingisdefinitelynot sufficientforrefutingaHadith.Sunnischolarsshouldhavestudiedsuchnarrations;iftheywere Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

provenasauthentic,theyshouldhavethrown`Umarssayingaway;andifnot,theyshouldhave againstudiedtheotherSahabahsopinionsallofwhichwerecontradictoryto`Umars. (3)FactoroftheHolyProphet(S)sEternalInstruction EvenifweshunthetruthandregardtheHadithsoftheAhlalBaytandtheSunnischolarswho agreewiththeminthispointevenifweregardsuchHadithsasnomorethanpersonalopinions and,thus,thecontradictionbecomesbetweenoneoftheSahabahandtheAhlalBayt,weshould refertheissuetotheimmortalinstructionoftheHolyProphet(S)thatwemusttakethereligion fromtheAhlalBayt,notSahabah.Nonecandenythisfactbecauseithasbeenmentionedinthe famousHadithoftheTwoWeightyThings.[131]Unmistakably,thisauthenticHadithimpliesthat thesourcesofthisreligionarerestrictedlytheHolyQuranandtheAhlalBayt. (4)FactorofInconsistency `Umarsnarrationisbasicallytooinconsistenttobebelieved.Accordingtothenarrations,`Umar identifiedthedayof`ArafatasThursdayorFriday!AlNassa`i,inalSunan5/251,hasrecorded that`UmarsaidthattheVerseofIkmalalDinwasrevealedonThursdaynightwhilein8/114of thesamebook,hehasrecordedanothernarrationconfirmingthat`UmarsaidthattheVersewas revealedonFriday: IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofIshaqibnIbrahimontheauthorityof`AbdullahibnIdris ontheauthorityofhisfatherontheauthorityofQaysibnMuslimontheauthorityofTariqibn ShihabthataJewsaidto`Umar,HadtheVerseofIkmalalDinbeenrevealedtous,wewould havecertainlytakenthedayofitsrevelationaseternalfestivity.`Umaranswered,Iknowthe nightatwhichtheVersewasrevealed.ItwasonThursdaynightwhilewewerewiththe MessengerofAllahon`Arafat. (5)FactorofOtherScholarsOpposingOpinion Asmentionedearlier,SufyanAlThawri,oneofthemasterscholarsofSunnism,doubtedthatthe dayof`ArafatwasFriday.Yet,hewasnottheonlyonewhoadoptedthisopinion.Itseemsthat Sufyanwassurethatthedayof`ArafatwasnotFriday,buthehadtosaythatheonlydoubtitso astosavehimselffromthefansof`UmarwhorearrangedtheeventsoftheIslamichistorysoas toshowthatthedayof`ArafatwasFriday. (6)FactorofHistoricalFact Muslimscelebratethe`IdalAdha,notthedayof`Arafat.NosingleMuslimhaseverclaimedthat thedayof`Arafatbeingformal`Idand,accordingly,nosingleMuslimagreeswith`Umarsodd Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

opinion.IntheconceptionofWahhabis,suchanopinionmustbedecidedasheresywhosefinal abodeisHellfire! (7)Factorof`UmarsContradictoryReports AccordingtoalNassa`isreport,theJewwhoclaimedthattheywouldtakethedayonwhichthe religionwasperfectedasanoccasionoffestivitymusthavedefinitelyunderstoodthattheVerse indicatestheperfectionofthereligionandthat`Umaradmittedthisunderstanding.Asa consequence,`UmarmusthaveagreedwiththeopinionoftheAhlalBayt,alSaddi,Ibn`Abbas andmanyotherswhohaveconfirmedthattheVersewasthefinal.Meanwhile,`Umar,according tootherauthenticatednarrations,claimedthatmanyrulingsandVerses,suchasthatofKalalah, debtandheritage,wererevealedaftertheVerseofIkmalalDin.Asarule,reportsthatoppose eachothermustbedisregarded.Fromthiscause,`UmarssayingsaboutthefinalVersesandthe timeoftherevelationoftheVerseofIkmalalDinmustbetotallyrejected. (8)Factorof`UmarsPoorReply `UmarsanswerwasunconvincingforboththeJewsandMuslims.Ifhewantedtosaythattheday wasnottakenasfestivity(`Id)becausetheVersewasrevealedonadayoffestivitythedayof `Arafat,theJewcouldwonderhowtheLordofMuslimsspoiledthatfestivityandcausedittofade awayunderanotherfestivity;if`Umarwantedtosaythatthefestivityoftheperfectionofthe religionwasmergedwiththefestivityof`Arafatandthusbecameapartofit,theJewcould wonderwhyMuslims,excepttheShi`ah,donotcelebratethathalffestivityorevenrefertoit;If `UmarwantedtosaythatsuchagloriousfestivitywasmixedwithtwofestivitiesFridayandthe dayof`Arafatandthusitwasconsumed,theJewcouldwonderwhyAlmightyAllahcausedthat festivitytothawunderthesetwofestivitiesanddisappear,andtheJewcouldalsowonderwho hadtherighttodissolvethatfestivityandwhytheUmmahhavenotbeenawareabouttheclash offestivitieswhileaJewinthereignof`UmardiscoveredtheissueandtaughtMuslimsaboutit. Asamatteroffact,thequestionoftheJewisstillunanswerablefor`Umarandhisfans.What `Umardidwasthatheonlyadmittedthequestionandthenbegantoshowerpersonalopinions outofhisowndesire.HeconfessedthatthedayonwhichtheVerseofIkmalalDinwasrevealed wasnoble,great,determinativeandhistorianbecauseonthatday,AlmightyAllahperfectedthe religion,completedHisgraceandchosenIslamforpeopleasareligionandthusitmustbe celebratedjustliketheother`Ids.Finally,headmittedthathadanyothernationhadsuchaday, theywouldhavecertainlytakenitasfestivity. Inviewof`UmarssubmissiontotheJewsquestion,thedayoftheperfectionofthereligionmust be,inthelightofSunnijurisprudence,takenasformalfestivity,justlikethe`IdalFitr,`IdalAdha andFriday. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 Adeeplookinthequestiondivulgesthat`UmarwasengagedintwotroublesregardingtheVerse ofIkmalalDin;hecontradictedhimselfwhenheidentifiedthefinalrevealedVerseandopened theunclosabledoorofMuslimshavingtherighttodemandhimaswellashisadorerswiththe`Id oftheperfectionofthereligion,whichisnowcelebratedbytheShi`ahalone. AsanIslamicrule,the`Idsaredivinelydeterminedanditisimpermissibleforanyonetoinvent others.TheShi`ah,celebrating`IdalGhadir,havedependedupontheAhlalBaytwhoconfirmed thattheHolyProphet(S)haddeclaredthatdayasdoctrinalfestivityforMuslimsanddeclared thatArchangelGabrielhadtoldhimthatpastnationsusedtobetakethedayonwhichtheir Prophetsnominatedtheirsuccessorsasfestivity. Whatwasthen`UmarsevidenceonsupportingtheJewsclaimandacceptingthatthedayofthe perfectionofthereligionmustbetakenas`Id?Ifhisevidencewashisownopinion,itshouldbe thenasortofheresy;andifhedependeduponawordorconfirmationthathehadreceivedfrom theHolyProphet(S),thenwhywouldheconcealit?ExcepttheShi`ah,nootherMuslimhave referredtothe`IdalGhadir. (9)FactorofLogic alNassa`iandotherreportershaverecordedthattheHolyProphet(S)ledthecongregational Duhr(midday)and`Asr(afternoon)Prayersonthedayof`Arafat;therefore,had`Umarsclaim thattheVerseofIkmalalDinwasrevealedonFridaybeentrue,theHolyProphet(S)wouldhave certainlyledtheFriday,nottheDuhrand`Asr,Prayer.Inaddition,nosinglenarration communicatesthattheHolyProphet(S)offeredtheFridayPrayeronthatday.Fromthiscause, wemayconcludethatalNassa`i,unliketheothers,agreeswithSufyanalThawrianddisagrees with`Umar;inalSunan1/290,hegathersthenarrationsreportingthattheHolyProphet(S) offeredtheDuhrand`AsrPrayerstogetheronthedayof`Arafat.AbuDawud,inalSunan1/429, recordssimilarreports. ItmaybecitedthattheFridayPrayeriscanceledinjourneys.Sunnijurisprudentshavedisagreeing opinionsinthispoint.Providedthatthedayof`ArafatduringtheFarewellHajjwasFridayand thattheHolyProphet(S)canceledtheFridayprayer,thousandsofMuslimswhowerepresentin theFarewellHajjmusthavedefinitelyreferredtothislaw. IbnHazm,inalMuhalla7/272,hasdonehisbesttofindasuitableanswer,buthehashadto fabricatethattheDuhrPrayerisassameastheFridayPrayer!Hehasbeggedthequestionand rejectedtheotherreportsfortheycontradicted`Umarssaying. WithreferencetotheHolyProphet(S)sjourneytoMakkahthatbeganonThursday,4thofDhul Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

Hijjah,thenarrationsthatIbnHazmhasrefutedbecausetheyoppose`Umarssayingaremore acceptable.ThemonthofDhulHijjahbeganonMonday;therefore,thedayof`Arafatmusthave beenTuesdayand`IdalAdhaWednesday.Onthataccount,Fridaymusthavebeenthetwelfthof DhulHijjah. (10)FactorofOtherEvents ManySunninarrationshaveconfirmedthattheHolyProphet(S)departedlifeeightyoreighty onedaysaftertherevelationoftheVerseofIkmalalDin.[132]Suchnarrationsopposetheclaim thatthedayof`ArafatwasFriday.TheyhavealsoconfirmedthattheHolyProphet(S)departed lifeonthetwelfthofRabi`alAwwalandthedayof`ArafatwastheninthofDhulHijjah; therefore,thisperiodismorethanninetydays.Sunnischolarsshouldnoweitheragreeuponour narrationsthatconfirmthattheHolyProphet(S)departedlifeonthetwentyeighthofSafaror agreeuponournarrationsthatconfirmthattheVerseofIkmalalDinwasrevealedonthe eighteenthofDhulHijjahthedayofGhadir. `UmarsclaimisalsocontrarytothemanySunninarrationsthatconfirmthattheVerseofIkmal alDinwasrevealedonMonday.[133] Inanyevent,we,theShi`ah,donotadmitthattheHolyProphet(S)livedforeightydaysafterthe revelationoftheVerseofIkmalalDin.Webelieve,accordingtoourauthenticatedreports,that theVersewasrevealedontheeighteenthofDhulHijjahandtheHolyProphet(S)departedlifeon 29thofSafarandtheperiodisthusaboutseventydaysonly.WealsobelievethattheVersewas revealedonThursdayorFridayandtheHolyProphet(S)sMissioncommencedonMondayand Imam`AliprayedwithhimonTuesdayandhediedonMondaytooetc. ManyreportshaverecordedtheHolyProphet(S)smovementfromalMadinahandtheyallare contradictorytothereportsidentifyingFridayasthedayof`Arafat.AccordingtoShiite authenticatednarrations,theHolyProphet(S)beganhisjourneytoMakkahonThursday,Dhul Qa`dah26,whichagreestothefactthattheVerseofIkmalalDinwasrevealedontheeighteenth ofDhulHijjah.Onthataccount,MondaywasthefirstofDhulHijjah,theHolyProphet(S)arrived inMakkahonThursday,[134]thedayof`ArafatwasTuesdayandthedayofGhadirwas Thursday.[135] SupportingtheAhlalBayt(a.s.)reports,manySunnireportshaveindicatedthattheHolyProphet (S)usedtotravelonThursdaysandseldomtraveledonotherdays.[136]Jabirhasnarratedthat theHolyProphet(S)sjourneybeganfourdaysbeforetheendofDhulQa`dah.[137]AlBukhari, aswellasmanyotherreferencebooksofHadith,hasrecordedmanynarrationsconfirmingthat theHolyProphet(S)sjourneytoMakkahbeganfivedaysbeforetheendofDhulQa`dah. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

[138]Besides,ordinaryjourneysfromalMadinahtoMakkahtakeeightdaysinmaximum;the HolyProphet(S)tooktheshortestway,whichwasabout400kilometers;hiscompanionsandhe weresospeedythatsomeofthemcomplainedaboutfatigueandheinstructedthemtotiethe achedfeet;nosinglenarrationhasevermentionedthathestoppedduringthatjourney;rather manynarrationshaveconfirmedthathe,duringhisjourneybacktoalMadinah,stoppedatmany places,suchasGhadirKhumm;accordingtonarrations,hearrivedinMakkahonthefourthof DhulHijjahallthesefactssupporttheAhlalBaytsreports.Induecourse,thenarrations reportingthatheleftalMadinahonthetwentyfifthofDhulQa`dah[139]shouldbethus discreditedbecausetheymadethejourneytakeabouttendays. ThepreviouspointsshowtherealvalueofthenarrationsthatstoodagainsttheAhlalBayts opinionandtheiradoptershavetriedtheirbesttomaketheincidenttakeplaceonSaturdayso thatthefirstofDhulHijjahwouldbeThursdayandthedayof`ArafatwouldbeFridayfornothing butsupporting`Umarssaying.Yet,theyhavegonebeyondlimitsoverlookingtheothernarrations reportingthat`UmarhimselfidentifiedThursdayasthedayof`Arafat.[140]Ifthesenarrations weretrue,DhulQa`dahmusthavebeenthirtydays.[141] Tryingtodefendthisopinion,IbnKathirsaysinalSirah4/217: AhmadhasnarratedontheauthorityofAnasthattheHolyProphet(S)ledtheDuhrPrayerinhis MasjidinalMadinahandthe`AsrPrayer,intheshortenedfrom,inDhulHalifah. Inviewofthat,theHolyProphet(S)beganhisjourneyonFridayandIbnHazmsclaimthatthe journeybeganonThursdayisbaseless.Indisputably,thefirstofDhulHijjahwasThursdayashas beenproventhroughuninterruptedandunanimousnarrationsconfirmingthatthedayof`Arafat, whichistheninthofDhulHijjah,wasFriday.HadtheHolyProphet(S)sjourneybeenstartedon Thursday,the24th,sixnightsofDhulQa`dahwouldremain.Yet,Ibn`Abbas,`A`ishahandJabir haveassertedthatthejourneybeganfivenightsbeforetheendofDhulQa`dah,andthisshould neverbeFridaybecauseAnassaysthatthejourneystartedonSaturday. ThenarratormiscalculatedwhenhethoughtthatDhulQa`dahwouldbethirtydays;ratheritwas onlytwentyninedaysthatyear.So,WednesdaywasnotaccountedwithDhulQa`dah.Thenight beforeThursdaywasthefirstofDhulHijjahThisprognosisshouldbeconsideredsincethereis nootheropinion. ItseemsthatIbnKathirhasnotbeensureenoughabouthisprognosisbecausehehadtonotice theuncertaintyarisenby`Umar,SufyanalThawriandalNassa`i.HealsohadtoregardIbnHazms emphasisthattheHolyProphet(S)sjourneystartedonThursday.Healsobeggedthequestion attemptingtoprovethattheHolyProphet(S)sjourneytoMakkahstartedonThursday.He,first ofall,hasconfirmedthattheHolyProphet(S)haltedon`ArafatonFridaywhileheshouldhave Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

provenhisconfirmation.HehasalsocitedthenarrationofAnasthattheHolyProphet(S)ledthe Duhrand`Asr,notFriday,PrayersashisevidencewhilethisverynarrationsupportstheAhlal BaytsopinionthattheHolyProphet(S)sjourneystartedonThursday. Atlength,supportingthenarrationofAnashasbeenaccurate,itdoesnotopposethefactthatthe journeystartedonThursday;ratheritconfirmsthattheHolyProphet(S)puttheihram(uniform ofHajj)onafterhehadledthe`AsrPrayerinDhulHalifahandkeptonhisjourney. Tosumitup,innumerabledifficultiesstandinthefaceofadmittingtheopinionthattheVerseof IkmalalDinwasrevealedonthedayof`Arafat,andthesedifficulties,whichlieintheform,date andtimingofthenarrations,obligethefairresearchersnottoadoptthem.Asaresult,theAhlal Baytsopiniondisablesanyoppositeforapowerlessoppositeisineffective. Inconclusion,allMuslimshaveagreedthatthedayonwhichtheVerseofIkmalalDinwas revealedisagreatdivinefestivityandintheconceptionoftheAhlalBayt,itis,asprovedbylogic andmanifestevidences,themostremarkableIslamicfestivity.TheweeklyIslamicfestivityis involvedintheFridayPrayer,the`IdalFitrisfortheaccomplishmentofthefasting,the`Idal AdhaisfortheaccomplishmentoftheHajjandthe`IdalGhadirisforthecompletionofthedivine graceandtheperfectionofthereligion.InSunniconception,suchcompletionwasachievedby therevelationandperfectionofthereligiousrulingswithoutnominatingaleader;butinShiite conception,itwasachievedbytheperfectionofthereligiousrulingsandthecompletionofthe divinegracethatsettledtheproblemoftheleadershipandnominatedtheImamsoftheAhlal BaytastheleadersoftheUmmahuptotheDayofResurrection. SolongasallMuslimshaveagreedonconsideringthedayoftheperfectionofthereligionas formalfestivity,whyhaveMuslimchiefs,scholarsandintellectsacceptedtoneglectsuchagreat `Id? Sunnischolarsshouldrespondtoourinvitationtostudythelegalanddoctrinalfacesofthis wronged`IdsoastoreviveitinMuslimslivesinaformcorrespondingtothebeliefsand jurisprudenceofeachsect. Notes: [116]Formoredetails,seealSuyuti:alItqan1/91. [117]ShaykhalHuwayzi:TafsirNuralThaqalayn1/582and5/447. [118]Ahmad:alMusnad6/188,alBayhaqi:alSunan7/172(intworeports),AbuYa`li:Tabaqatal Hanbaliyyah1/427,alHakim:alMustadrak2/311.Commentingonthereport,alHakimsays, AlthoughMuslimandalBukharihavenotrecorded,itisauthenticaccordingtotheircriteria. Lateron,thereaderwillunderstandthatMuslimandalBukharihavenotrecordedthereportsso Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

astocoverup`UmarwhocitedotherSurahsasthefinal. [119]Also,alMuttaqialHindi:Kanzal`Ummal4/186. [120]Fordetails,seealBukhari:alSahih6/242,Muslim:alSahih2/81,5/61and8/245,Ibn Majah:alSunan2/910,AlSuyuti,alDurralManthur2/249,alHakim,alMustadrak2/303andal MuttaqialHindi:Kanzal`Ummal11/80. [121]Also,alBukhari:alSahih6/15,alHaythami:alDurralManthur2/196andalNawawi:al Majmu`18/345. [122]Also,alHaythami:alDurralManthur3/295andAbuDawud:alSunan1/182.However, suchnarrationshavebeenthoroughlydiscussedin`AlialKuranial`Amili:TadwunalQur`an. [123]Also,alTirmidhi:alSunan4/326,IbnKathir:Tafsir2/2andalHaythami:alDurralManthur 6/407. [124]AlTabarani:alMu`jamalKabir19/392. [125]AlthoughthemeaningofIkmalalDinistheperfectionofthereligion,Sunnischolarshave intendedtodistortitsoastokeepthewordsof`UmarandMu`awiyahassanctifiedaspossible. [126]AlQurtubi:Tafsir1/143and2/61. [127]SolongasthepreciousandholystatementsofImamalRidahavebeencited,itseems suitabletorefertothemperfectlyfortheysurelyincluderemarkablepointsanddemonstratethe actualpositionoftheHolyImamsasquotedfromIbnShu`nahalHarrani:Tuhafal`Uqul: Goingon,ImamalRida(a.s.)says: ImamateistherankoftheProphetsandtheheritageoftheProphetssuccessors. ImamateistherepresentationofAlmightyAllahandHisMessenger(S),thepositionofAmiral Mu`minin(a.s.)andtheinheritanceofalHasanandalHusayn(a.s.). TheImamistheheadofthereligiousaffairs,thesystemofMuslims,thegoodnessoftheworld andthestrongholdofthebelievers. TheImamistherisingprincipalandthenoblebranchofIslam. Theaccomplishmentoftheprayers,zakat,fasting,Hajj,jihad,theavailabilityofspoilsandalms, theexecutionofthedoctrinalprovisionsandtherulesandtheprotectionsofthefrontsandthe bordersalltheseareachievedthroughtheImamonly. TheImamlegalizeswhateverAllahdeemslegal,forbidswhateverAlmightyAllahdeemsillegal, executesthedoctrinalprovisionsthatAlmightyAllahenacts,protectsthereligionofAlmighty AllahandcallstothepathofAlmightyAllahthroughwisdom,goodadviceandstrongevidence. TheImamisassameastheshiningsunwhoselightcoversthewholeworldwhileitstandsupright inthehorizonandneithersightsnorcanhandscatchit. TheImamistheluminousfullmoon,thebrightlamp,therisinglight,theguidingstarinthedeep blackgloom,theguidetotherightandthesaviorfromperdition. TheImamistheguidingfireonhighlands,theheattotheseekersofwarmthandtherescuerfrom dangers.WhoeverdepartstheImamwillsurelyperish. TheImamistherainingclouds,thetorrentialdownpour,theshadysky,theplainland,the Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

abundantspring,thebrookandthegarden. TheImamisthelenientcustodian,thehumanefather,thefullbrother,thelikeofthesympathetic mothertoherbabyandtheshelteroftheservants. TheImamisthetrusteeofAlmightyAllahonHislandandcreatures,theargumentofAlmighty Allahagainsttheservants,thesuccessorofAlmightyAllahinHiscountries,thecallertoAlmighty Allah,andtheprotectorofthesanctitiesofAlmightyAllah. TheImamispurifiedfromsins,freedfromdefects,givenknowledgeexclusively,characterized withforbearance,thesystemofthereligion,thestrongholdofthebelievers,thepunishmentof thehypocritesandtheperditionofthedisbelievers. TheImamistheuniqueinhistime.Noonecancatchupwithhimandnoscholarcanamountto him.Thereisnosubstituteforhimandtherearenolikeormatchtohim.Thewholevirtueis dedicatedtohimwithoutseekingoracquisition.ItisonlythechoiceoftheFavorerand EndowerAlmightyAllah. HowisitthenpossibleforanybodytounderstandtherealityandthequalityoftheImam?How impossiblethisis!Mindsaretooastray,intellectsaretoolost,witsaretooperplexed,speakers aretoomute,poetsaretoounversed,authorsaretooimpotent,eloquentonesaretoowordless andscholarsaretooweaktodescribeasinglefeatureorasinglevirtueoftheImamsfeatures andvirtues.Asaconsequence,theyallhaveconfessedoftheirinadequacytodoso.Howisitthen possibletodescribehimasawholeorportrayhismanners?Howitispossibletofindanyonewho candohisroleorrepresenthim?HowisthispossiblewhiletheImamisasfarasstarsfromthe reachofthedebatersandthedescribers?DotheythinkthattheycanfindImamateinanybody otherthantheHolyProphet(S)sfamily? Theyaredeceivedbytheiropinionsandtheyareindulginginthefalsehopes.Theyaresurely climbingaruggedascentandaslipperymountthatwillsurelycausethemtostumbletotherock bottombecausetheyhaveintendedtonominateanImamoutoftheirdesires.Howcanthey nominateanImamwhilethetrueImamispermanentlyknowledgeablethatignorancenever reacheshimandacustodianthatneverbetrays?HeisthecoreoftheProphethoodwhoselineage istoohonorabletobecriticizedandnohighbornindividualcaneverdarehim.TheImamstribeis Quraysh,hisclanisHashim,hisrootistheMessengerofAlmightyAllahandthemasterofthe celebritiesandtheoffspringof`AbdManaf. TheImamishewhoseknowledgeisincreasingandwhoseforbearanceisperfect.Heiscognizant ofpolicyandworthyofleadership.Theobediencetohimisobligatory.Heistheexecutorof AlmightyAllahscommandmentsandtheadviserofAlmightyAllahsservants. AlmightyAllahhasleadtheProphetsandtheirsuccessors(a.s.)tosuccessandtherightpathand giventhem(apartofHisstored)knowledgeandwisdomexclusivelysothattheybecomethe mostknowledgeableofpeople.AlmightyAllah,theMajestic,says,Istheonewhoguidestothe Truthaproperguideoronewhohimselfcannotfindguidanceunlessheisguided(byothers)? Whatiswrongwithyouthatyoujudge(sounjustly)?10/35 RelatingthestoryofSaul,Hesays,Allahhaschosenhimasyourrulerandhasgivenhimphysical powerandknowledge.AllahgrantsHisauthoritytoanyonewhomHewants.2/247 Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

AboutProphet(S)David,Hesays,DavidslewGoliathandAllahgrantedDavidthekingdomand wisdomandalsotaughthimwhateverHewanted.2/251 AddressingtotheHolyProphet(S),Hesays,AllahhasrevealedtheBooktoyou,hasgivenyou wisdomandhastaughtyouwhatyoudidnotknow.Certainly,Allah'sfavortoyouhasbeengreat. 4/113 AbouttheImamsoftheAhlalBayt,Hesays,AretheyjealousofthefavorsthatAllahhasdoneto somepeople(theImams)?WehavegiventothefamilyofAbrahamtheBook,Wisdomandagreat Kingdom.Somehavebelieved,othershavedisbelievedandtriedtopreventpeoplefrom believing.Forthesepeople,onlytheintensefireofHellisasufficientpunishment.4/545 WhenAlmightyAllahselectssomeone(theImam)formanagingtheaffairsofHisservants,He grantshimtheinclinationtodoso,fillsinhisheartwithspringsofwisdomandbestowsuponhim withfluency.Hence,hewillhavetheabilitytoansweranyquestionandwillsaynothingbutthe truth.TheImamisthereforegrantedsuccessfulness,rightguidanceandadvocacyandwillbe savedfromerrorandflaw. Heisgivensuchcharacteristicssothathewillbeanargumentagainstthecreaturesandawitness ontheservants(ofAlmightyAllah).Cantheythenensuresuchcharactersfortheonetheychoose asImamoutoftheiropinions? [128]AlBukhari:alSahih1/16,5/127and8/137. [129]SeeforinstancealSuyuti:alItqan1/75andalDurralManthur2/259. [130]AlTabari,inTafsir4/111,recordsmanyreportsontheauthorityofmajorSahabah,suchas Ibn`Abbas,thattheVerseofIkmalalDinwasrevealedonMonday. [131]Ahmad:alMusnad3/14,3/1726,59and4/366,371,alDarimi:alSunan2/431,Muslim:al Sahih7/122,alHakim:alMustadrak3/109,148andalBayhaqi:alSunan2/148. [132]AlSuyuti:alDurralManthur2/2579[asquotedfromalBayhaqi:Shu`abalman],Ibn Hajar:TalkhisalHubayr7/3[asquotedfromalTabarani:alMu`jamalKabirNo.12984andal Tabari:Tafsir4/106],alQurtubi:Tafsir20/223andalRazi:Tafsir3/523.SeealsoalAmini:al Ghadir1/230. [133]AlBayhaqi:Dala`ilalNubuwwah7/233andalHaythami:Majma`alZawa`id1/196. [134]ShaykhalKulayni:alKafi4/245. [135]AlHurral`Amili:Wasa`ilalShi`ah9/318,alTabari:alMustarshid119. [136]AlBukhari:alSahih4/6,AbuDawud:alSunan1/586andIbnSayyidalNas:`UyunalAthar 2/341.SeealsoalMajlisi:BiharalAnwar16/272. [137]IbnKathir:alSirah4/217. [138]AlBukhari:alSahih2/146,184,187and4/7,alNassa`i:alSunan1/154,208and5/121, Muslim:alSahih4/32,IbnMajah:alSunan2/993andalBayhaqi:alSunan5/33. [139]Al`Ayni:`UmdatalQari,alQastalani:IrshadalSari,IbnHazm:alMuhallaandalHalabi:al SirahalHalabiyyah3/257. [140]Forinstance,seeIbnSa`d:alTabaqat2/124,alWaqidi:alMaghazi2/1089,alHalabi:alSirah alHalabiyyah(themarginof)3/3,alTabari:3/148,andalDhahbi:Tarikh2/701. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

[141]TheHijriyearislunarandeachmonthbeginsattheapproximatenewmoon;therefore, monthsmaybeeitherthirtyortwentyninedays.

Chapter7:TheVerseofSa`il IntheNameofAllah,theBeneficent,theMerciful Onedemanding,demandedthechastisementwhichmustbefall.Theunbelieversthereisnoneto avertit.FromAllah,theLordofthewaysofAscent.(70:13) EventsStimulatedbyPeopleofQuraysh TocitetheexegesisoftheVerseofSa`il(thedemandingone),itisnecessarytoremarkadealof seriouseventsthatcroppedupduringthelastdaysoftheHolyProphet(S)slifetime.Someof themhavebeenproventobeprovokedbypeopleofQurayshwhoseemtobethecreatorsofthe othersaccordingtomanyindicationsputtingafingerofaccusationatthem. FirstEvent WehavealreadypresentedthatmanyoftheQurayshitechiefsconfessedthattheytriedto assassinatetheHolyProphet(S)duringtheBattleofHunayn. SecondEvent TheyagainattemptedtoassassinatetheHolyProphet(S)inal`Aqabahwhenhewasbackfrom theBattleofTabuk.Thisattempt,giveneffectbytwentyhypocrites,wasplannedsoproperly.The executorsknewthattheHolyProphet(S)wouldtakethemountainsidealonethatnightwhilethe armywouldtaketheother.Theyplannedtowaylayaloftthatmountainandassoonashewould reachthenarrowestpoint,theywouldthrowrocksasmanyaspossiblesothattheywouldhit him. Then,theywouldrunawayandhideamongMuslimsgroups.TheyaimedatseizingtheHoly Prophet(S)sauthoritywhiletheywouldshowtheirdeepestgriefforhim.TheLord,however, respitedthem.Whentheywereabouttothrowrocks,ArchangelGabriellitthatmountainthat theHolyProphet(S)couldseeandrecognizethem.Hecalledthembynames.Hudhayfahibnal Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

Yamanand`AmmaribnYasircouldalsoseeandrecognizethem.TheHolyProphet(S)thenmade themthewitnessesonthatplot.Thehypocriteshadnothingtodootherthandescendingthe mountainasspeedyaspossibletohideamongMuslims. WhydidtheHolyProphet(S)hidetheirnames? ThereisnoreasonfortheHolyProphet(S)shavinghiddentheirnamesexceptthattheywere Qurayshitesandcelebrities;andtodeclaretheirnameswouldcertainlyleadtopunishingthem; andtopunishthemwouldcausedangerofapostasy;andtoapostatizefromIslamwouldmean thattheywouldconvincesomeoftheArabtribestomutinyclaimingthatMuhammad(S)had giveneverythingtohisrelativesanddeprivedpeopleofQurayshandtheArabs;andtoarouse suchaclaimwouldcreateanillreputationofIslamsinceitwouldbesaidthattheHolyProphet(S) disputedhisbelievingcompanionsandfoughtthem;andtoinventsuchanillreputationwould leadtonewwarstheresultsofwhichwouldnotbebetterthantheearlierones.Hence,thedivine solutionistokeepthematterhiddenaslongasthosemenadmittedIslam. Becausethenarrationsthatrecordedtheplotofal`AqabahnamedfamousQurayshite personalities,theproQurayshHadithistshavehadtosuspectthemalthoughmostofthemhave hadtoregardedIbnJumay`andtheothernarratorswhomentionedthenamesoftheplanners andtheexecutorsofthatplotastrustworthy.Inaddition,SunnireferencebooksofHadithhave recordedthatHudhayfahand`AmmarwerefrequentlyaskedbyQurayshitechiefswhetherthey hadseenthemonthatnightwiththeexecutorsoftheplotornotandthatsuchchiefsattempted togaintheacquittalofhypocrisyfromHudhayfahand`Ammar.Thesamereferencebookshave alsorecordedmanynarrationsassertingthatpeoplecouldidentifythehypocrites,aftertheir death,bynoticingwhetherHudhayfahwouldoffertheritualFuneralPrayerforthemornot. Finally,theyhavenarratedthatHudhayfahdidnotoffertheFuneralPrayeronanyofthe Qurayshitechiefs! ThirdEvent ThestoryofSurahofTahrimimpliesthatoneoftheHolyProphet(S)swivesviolatedhis instructionsofconcealingthenewshehadrecountedtoherexclusivelyand,backedbyherwell wisher,workedforpeopleofQurayshagainstherhusband.TheLord,again,informedHisProphet (S)aboutdivulgingthesecretandtheHolyProphet(S)conveyedthisdivineinformationtoheras wellasherwellwisherwhowasalsoonehiswives.Thenceforth,theHolyQuranrevealedher secretandtheintentionsofthoseforwhomshehadworkedandthreatenedapunishmentand citedasexamplesforthemthewivesofProphet(S)NoahandProphet(S)Lotwhowereatheists becausetheyhadbetrayedtheirhusbandsandthuswouldbeinHellfire. Asusual,theproQurayshHadithistshavedistortedthestorymakingitasimplefamilyaffair Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

respectingthewivesjealousyandsomeslightflawswiththeHolyProphet(S)! TheywantMuslimstoclosetheireyesbeforetheclearcutVersesofSurahofTahrimthatdeclare theoccurrenceofastrikingdangerontheHolyProphet(S)andtheDivineMissionandthe enlistingofagreatarmyfordefyingthesituation.AlmightyAllahsays,IfyoubothturntoAllah forindeedyourheartsarealreadyinclined;andifyoubackeachotheragainsthim,thensurely AllahitisWhoishisGuardian,andGabrielandthebelieversthatdogood,andtheangelsafter thataretheaiders.66/4. Towardswhomweretheirheartsinclined?ForwhomdidtheybackeachotheragainsttheHoly Prophet(S)?WhatsortoffamilyaffairswasthatwhichincitedsuchagreatarmythatAlmighty Allahusesonlyincasesofultimateemergency? Ibn`Abbasusedtointerpretinclinedintodeviated.Onthataccount,twooftheHolyProphet (S)swivesneededtorenewtheirconvertingtoIslam! FourthEvent Forawholemonth,theHolyProphet(S)desertedhiswivesandconfinedhimselfinthehouseof MariahtheCopticontheoutskirts.Consequently,rumorhasitthathewoulddivorceallhiswives. TheproQurayshHadithistshavedescribedthematterasapersonalaffairalthoughithad preoccupiedtheHolyProphet(S),theDivineRevelationandMuslims.Thereason,accordingto theirnarrations,wastheusualdemandsofwivesawayfromtheIslamicissuesthatoccupiedthe politicalareatoexcessandengagedtheQurayshitechiefsinparticular. FifthEvent PeopleofQurayshworkedashardaspossibleforoffendingagainst`AliibnAbiTalibspersonality makingtheHolyProphet(S)verymuchangry.Hedefended`Aliandhonoredhispersonalityinthe samewayashehadalwaysdoneinwar,peace,journeyandresidence.Yet,thematterincreased inthelastperiodofhislifetimewhensuchcampaignsagainstImam`Aliincreasedcausingthe HolyProphet(S)todelivermanysermonsinmanyinstancestodeclarethemeritsofImam`Ali (a.s.)andregardanyonewhowouldhurthimasmisledandatheist. TheoverwhelmingstoryofBuraydahalAslamithathasfounditselfaplaceinthebestregardable pagesofeachandeverySunnireferencebookofHadithunveilsclearlytheorganizedplansthat peopleofQurayshexecutedagainstImam`AliandduetowhichtheHolyProphet(S)reproached everyonewhowouldcriticizeImam`AlianddeclaringthathewouldbetheleaderofthisUmmah afterhimandanyonewhodetestsordisobeyshimwouldbeindisputablyhypocrite.Thisevent Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

showshowmuchmaliceandenvytheQurayshitechiefsboreagainstImam`Ali(a.s.). SixthEvent TheQurayshitechiefsprecludedpeoplefromrecordingtheHolyProphet(S)swordsanddeeds duringhislifetime.PeopleusedtorecordtheHolyQuranassoonasitwasrevealedandtheHoly Prophet(S)orderedtoputthefreshQuranictextsbetweentheminbarandthewallwhere papersandinkwereavailableforanyonetorecord. Imam`Ali(a.s.)usedtowritedownalltheQuranictextsandtheHadithsaftertheHolyProphet (S)wouldorderhimtowrite.Others,suchas`Abdullahibn`Amribnal`AstheyoungQurayshite, alsousedtowritedowntheHadiths;butsomeoftheQurayshitechiefspreventedthemfrom recordingtheHadithbecausetheyknewthattheywouldfaceahorriblehazardiftheHadiths praisingtheAhlalBaytandtheHashimitesandcursingtheQurayshitechiefswouldreachthe handsofthecominggenerations.Yet,someofsuchchiefsusedtorecordtheJewishcultureand attendtheirclasseseverySaturday![142] SunnireferencebooksofHadithhaveconfessedthat`Abdullahibn`Amrcomplainedbeforethe HolyProphet(S)thatpeopleofQurayshwarnedhimagainstrecordingtheHadiths.AbuDawud, inalSunan2/176,recordsthefollowing: Ithasbeennarratedthat`Abdullahibn`Amrsaid,PeopleofQurayshtoldmenottorecordevery singlewordsaidbytheHolyProphetsincehewasanordinarymortalwhomaybeerringwhen enraged.IceasedtherecordingandtoldtheHolyProphet(S)abouttheirwords.Hepointedathis mouthandsaid,Recordeverything.BythePrevailingofmysoulIswearthatnothingbuttruth comesoutofmymouth.[143] SeventhEvent AnattempttoassassinatetheHolyProphet(S)wasplannedonhiswaybackfromtheFarewell HajjatArsha.Thedetailsofthisplotwassimilartogreatextenttotheplotthatwasexecuted afterthebattleofTabukand,again,thedivinerevelationunveiledit. EighthEvent PeopleofQurayshescalatedtheirdisapprovaloftheHolyProphet(S)sactivitiestodirectthe leadershipofhisfamily.Someofthemobjectedopenlyandshamelesslyanddemandedwith positionsofleadershipfortheotherclansofQuraysh.However,theHolyProphet(S)rejectedall suchdemandsbecausehehadnothingtodoaboutthisdivinedirective.[144] Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

NinthEvent Inhisfinalailment,theHolyProphet(S)ordertoenlistanarmytobejoinedbyalltheQurayshite chiefsexcepttheHashimitesandnominatedUsamahibnZaydasthecommander.Hethen orderedUsamah,theyoungAfricanMuslim,toadvancetowardsMu`tahinJordantofightagainst theRomans.TheHolyProphet(S),however,wantedtostrengthentheIslamicStateandto revengeforthemartyrsoftheBattleofMu`tah.Yet,theseweretheopenaims,whiletheactual aimsweretotaketheopposersofImam`AlisleadershipawayfromalMadinah. UsamahandhisarmycampedoutofalMadinahandtheQurayshitechiefsshowedreluctanceto jointhatarmysothattheywouldfailtheHolyProphet(S)splan.Theyalsoworkedondetaining asgreatnumbersofthearmyaspossible.Finally,theycriticizedtheHolyProphet(S)for nominatingUsamahforcommandment.Hence,theywantedtointerruptthecourseofthearmy sothattheywouldgainmoretime.Asareply,theHolyProphet(S)deliveredaspeech emphasizingonexpeditingthemarchofUsamahsarmyanddeclaringthatAlmightyAllahandhe wouldcursethosewhowouldfallbehind. PeopleofQurayshdecidedtostopfranklyinthefaceoftheHolyProphet(S)toprecludehimfrom handingtheleadershipoftheUmmahofficiallyovertotheAhlalBayt.`UmaribnalKhattab,the newchiefofQuraysh,volunteeredtocarryonthedecision.Inhislasthour,theHoly ProphetsummonedthechiefsofQurayshandAnsarandaskedthemtofetchhimapaperanda pentorecordforthemanofficialdocumentsavinghisnationagainstdeviationforever.Ashe realizedthatthisdocumentwouldmeannominating`Aliandhishouseholdastheonlyleadersof theUmmah,`UmarstoodinthefaceoftheHolyProphetshouting,No,wedonotneedyour documentandyoursecurityagainstdeviation.Wealsodonotwantyourtraditionsandpeople. AllahsBookissufficientforus;anditiswe,neitheryounoryourAhlalBayt,whoshouldinterpret it. Unfortunately,theattendants,frompeopleofQurayshandthedeceivedAnsar,supported`Umar andshoutedbeforetheirProphet(S),Wesupport`Umarssayingfromtoptobottom.Hence,a discrepancybrokeoutwhiletheailedProphet(S)waslooking.AgroupsupportedtheHoly Prophet(S)ssayingandtheotherssupported`Umars.Thenthelattergroupshouted,Donot givehimanything!Lethimnotrecordanything. ItismostlikelythatArchangelGabrielwasattendantforheusedtovisittheHolyProphet(S) recurrentlythesedays.TheHolyProphet(S)mighthavesoughthisadviceandtheArchangel instructedhimthathehadaccomplishedhismissioncompletelyandthebestsolutionforsucha discrepancywouldbetodismissallofthemsoastoimpedetheapostasyofQuraysh.Hence,the HolyProphetsaid,Leaveme!ItisinappropriatetoissuedisputationbeforeaProphet(S)!Andthe painsthatIamsufferingareeasierthanwhatyouaredraggingmeto. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 ThisstoryisabovedisputebecausealBukharihasrecordeditinsixpositionsofhisalSahih.Ibn `AbbascalledthisincidentthecalamityofThursday. EleventhEvent Owingtoharshfever,theHolyProphet(S)faintedforminutesandthenregainedhis consciousness.Thatwasduringhisfinalailment.Hecouldunderstandthatsomeofthosearound himintendedtopouradruginhismouthwhenhefainted.Whenheregainedhisconsciousness, heorderedthemnottogivehimanymedicinewhenhewouldfaint.Onthecontrary,assoonas hefainted,theypouredamedicineinhismouth.Ashetriedtovomitit,theyforcedhimtodrink. Whenheregainedconsciousness,hereprimandedthemandorderedallofthem,exceptthe Hashimites,tohavefromthatmedicine.Accordingtonarrations,allofthemhadtohavesomeof thatmedicine. ReferencebooksofHadithhavecalledthisincidentforcingtheHolyProphet(S)tohavethe medicine.Itisimportanttostudythisincidentcarefullyforitmighthavebeenanattemptto poisontheHolyProphet(S)! ThepresentationofthepreviouseventsistheintroductiontotheinterpretationoftheVerseof Sa`il.Asamatteroffact,eacheventisworthyofthoroughstudysincethesourceofallofthem waspeopleofQurayshtakinginconsiderationtheircloserelationshipwiththeJews. NewPreparationsaftertheDayofGhadir ThecaravanoftheHolyProphet(S)andtheImamleftGhadirKhummtowardsalMadinah.While theHolyProphet(S)sheartwascalmed,peopleofQurayshweresodisturbedoutoftheirspite andwickednessfortheywouldneverrelaxunlesstheywouldexercisethepainfulagony. DuringmanyeventsintheFarewellHajj,inMakkah,on`Arafat,thethreesermonsinMinaand thesermonofalKhayfMasjid,AlmightyAllahprotectedhisProphet(S)aspromisedintheVerse of`Ismah.Finally,AlmightyAllahorderedMuslimstostopinaplaceunderburningmiddaysothat theHolyProphet(S)wouldraise`AliibnAbiTalibshandashighaspossibleanddeclare,This manwillbeyourleaderafterme.Afterhim,alHasan,alHusaynandnineImamsfromalHusayns offspringwillbeyourleaders.Inthisverysituation,thedivinepromiseofprotectionmanifested strongly.AlmightyAllahshutthemouthsofpeopleofQurayshsothattheywouldnotopposeor objectandopenedtheirmouthswithwordsofagreementonly,Weadmitthatyouhave conveyedyourLordsmessagescompletelyandhavebeenexcellentMessenger.Wewillsurely obey. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

Afterwards,theyhurriedtoImam`Alistenttocongratulatehimontheleadershipandshowed complimentswhenAlmightyAllahrevealed,ThisdayhaveIperfectedforyouyourreligionand completedonyouMyfavorandchosenforyouIslamasareligion.Theythenlenttheirearsto HasanibnThabitspoemdescribingtheHolyProphet(S)sconveyanceoftheLordsinstructionof nominatingImam`Aliforthenextleadership. TheceremoniesofofferingcongratulationstoImam`Alilastedtonightandonlycoulddarkness stopMuslimsgatheringbeforehistentforofferingcongratulations;therefore,theHolyProphet (S)hadtopassthatnightinGhadirKhummGhadirofImamate.AftertheFajrdawnPrayer,he moved.OthernarrationsaffirmthattheHolyProphet(S)hadtosettlefortwodaysthere. ThiswasthefirstdivinemethodofprotectingtheHolyProphet(S).Thesecondmethod,however, wasthedivinepunishment.LiketheJewsduringtheirProphet(S)sreigns,peopleofQurayshhad tocounterthedivinepunishment. StonesfromHeavenupontheSpokesmenofQuraysh SunniandShiitereferencebooksofHadithhavenamedthosewhoobjectedtotheHolyProphet (S)snominatingImam`AliforleadershipinGhadirKhumm.Yet,somenarrationshavemade clericalerrorsinsomeofthenamesbecausesuchdivinepunishmentfellonmorethanone occasion.ThoseinflictedbyheavenlystonesorpunishmentwereJabiribnalNadribnalHarith ibnKildahal`Abdari,alHarithibnalNu`manalFihri,`Amribn`UtbahalMakhzumi,alNadribn alHarithalFihri,alHarithibn`AmralFihri,alNu`manibnalHariththeJew,alNu`manibnal MundhiralFihri,`AmribnalHarithalFihri,amanfromthetribeofTaym,aBedouinmananda BedouinmanfromNajdwhobelongedtothetribeofJa`faribnKilabibnRabi`ah. SavetheBedouinandtheJewones,alltheotherswerefromQurayshforAnsarhadnever objectedtoanyprivilegethattheHolyProphet(S)gavetohisprogenythoughthey,lateron, showeddisloyaltytotheAhlalBayt. Theincidentinabstractisthatone,ormore,ofthosepersonsprotestedagainsttheHolyProphet (S)snominatingImam`Aliforthecomingleadershipandaccusedhimofpassinghispersonal capricesintheformofdivinecommandments.AlthoughtheHolyProphet(S)assertedthatthe decisionhadbeenissuedbytheLord,thatmanwasnotconvinced.Helefttheplaceangrilyand askedtheLordtorainhimwithaheavenlystoneifthematterwasindeedHis.TheLordinflicted himwithaheavenlystonethatkilledhimorinflictedhimwithaheavenlyflamethatburnedhim. Fromthisincident,weunderstandthattheLordusedathreateningstylewithpeopleofQuraysh forprotectingHisMessengeragainsttheirexpectedapostasy.Consequently,theyunderstood thatfailurewouldbethedecisiveresultofanypoliticalcombatwiththeHolyProphet(S)andthat Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

theyshouldwaituntilhewoulddie.Thisincidentrevealsanumberofissuestobehereinafter presented: (1)SunniReferenceBooksofHadithRecordtheIncident NotonlyhaveShiitereferencebooksofHadithrecordedtheincidentofthestonesfromheaven, butalsomanySunnireferencebookshavedocumentedit.Abu`UbaydalHarawihavebeenthe firsttorecordtheincidentinhisbookentitledGharibalQuran. IbnShahrashub,inManaqibAliAbiTalib2/240hasrecordedthefollowing: IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofAbu`Ubayd,alTha`labi,alNaqqash,Sufyanibn `Uyaynah,alRazi,alQizwini,alNisapuri,alTabrasiandalTusithatwhenthenewsoftheHoly Prophet(S)shavingconveyedhisLordscommandmentinGhadirKhummspreadoutamong people,alHarithibnalNu`manalFihri(orJabiribnalNadribnalHarithibnKildahal`Abdari, accordingtoAbu`Ubaydsreport)cametotheHolyProphet(S)andsaid,Muhammad:Youhave orderedustodeclarethatthereisnogodbutAllahandMuhammadbeinghisMessenger,tooffer theprayers,tofast,toundertaketheHajjandtopaytheZakat. Allthesethatwehaveadmittedwerenotsufficientforyouuntilyouraisedyourcousinfromthe armandprecededhimtoussaying,`Alishallbethemasterofhimwhohasregardedmeashis master.IsthisyourowndesireorwasitaccordingtoAllahsinstruction? TheHolyProphet(S)answered,IswearbyAllahtheonlyLordthatitwascertainlyAllahs instruction.Jabirthenturnedhisfacetowardshisanimalsaying,OAllah!IfMuhammadswords havebeentrue,thenrainuswithaheavenlystoneorinflictapainfulchastisementuponus. Beforehecouldreachhisanimal,theLordrainedhimwithastonethatfellontheheadandwent outfromtheanusandhethuswaskilled.Consequently,AlmightyAllahrevealedtheVerseof Sa`il. SomeShiitescholars[145]havelistedmorethanthirtynamesofSunnischolarswhorecordedthis incident,suchasalHarawi,Abu`Ubayd(diedinAH223),inGharibalQuran,alBaghdadi,Abu BakralNaqqashalMawsili(diedinAH351),inhisbookofTafsir,alTha`labi,AbuIshaqal Nisapuri(diedinAH427),inalKashfwalBayan,alHasakani,alHakimAbulQasim,inAda`Haqq alMuwalat,alQurtubi,AbuBakrYahya(diedinAH567),inhisbookofTafsir,AbulMuaffar, ShamsalDinthegrandsonofIbnalJawzi(diedinAH645),inalTadhkirah,alHamawini,Shaykh alIslam(diedinAH722),inFara`idalSimtayn,al`Imadi,AbulSa`ud(diedinAH982),inhisbook ofTafsir8/292,alShirbini,ShamsalDinofCairo(diedinAH977),inalSirajalMunir4/364,al Halabi,BurhanalDin`Ali(diedinAH1044),inalSirahalHalabiyyah3/302,alHafni,ShamsalDin (diedinAH1181),inSharhalJami`alSaghir2/387andalZarqani,Abu`Ali(diedinAH1122),in Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

SharhalMawahibalLudaniyyah. (2)SurahofMaarijwasRevealedinMakkahoralMadinah ThegeneralsenseoftheVersesofSurahofMaarij,uptoVerse36,seemstoberevealedinal MadinahforitcompriseslawssimilartothosementionedinSurahofalNurandSurahofal Mu`minun,whiletherestseemtoberevealedinMakkahfortheyrefertoquestionsofbeliefand theHereafter.Induecourse,itisdifficulttodiscerntheplaceofitsrevelation.Weshouldthus regard,yetpresumably,thesecondpartoftheSurahasrevealedinMakkahandthefirstinal Madinah,butitwasprecededthereafter.ThetextoftheSurahisthedecisivecriterion. InSharhalAkhbar1/241,alNu`manhasnarratedontheauthorityofImamalSadiq(a.s.)thatit wasrevealedinMakkahtoshowthemannersofthosewhodissentedtheleadershipofImam`Ali. AccordingtoanarrationrecordedinShaykhalKulaynisalKafi5/450,theSurahwasrevealedin Makkah.BeitrevealedinMakkahoralMadinah,thechastisementmentionedintheVerseofSa`il referstothestonesofheaventhatwereinflicteduponthemanwhoobjectedtothenomination ofImam`AliastheleaderoftheUmmah.Moreover,thestonesthatinflictedal`Abdariandal Fihriandtheirlikeswasapartofthethreateningchastisementmostofwhichwillbesentdownin ordertopavethewayfortheadventofImamalMahdi.[146] (3)IstheChastisementWorldlyorImmortal? ApartfromthevariousinterpretationsandnarrationsoftheSurah,itseemsthatitreferstothe chastisementoftheworldtocome.Itisalsoemptyofanycondemnagainstthedemandingone whomaybeasuppliantwhoseeksthefallingofsuchchastisement.ForalQurtubi,the demandingoneintheVerseisProphet(S)NoahorProphetMuhammad(S)!Therefore,itmaybe askedhowSunniandShiitescholarshaveconcludedthattheVersereferstoworldlychastisement andthedemandingonewantedtochallengeandbelie. Theanswerislexicological.TheArabicitemsa`alabireferstoaskingaboutamatterinaformof challengeandindicatesthatthedemandingonehasalreadyheardofsuchaworldly chastisementfromtheHolyProphet(S)whousedtothreatandforewarn;therefore,he demandedwithitandtheLordansweredhimthroughtheseVerses.Becausethechastisementof theworldtocomeismoreimportant,theLordhasemphasizedonitwithoutneglectingthe worldlyone. TheSurahstates,OyouwhoarederidingthechastisementagainstwhichourMessenger forewarnedyou!Surelywhateverhehasmenacedwillbefall,beinthisworldortheHereafter. Nothingwillguardtheatheistsagainstit.Hence,youareadvisedtobelieveinAllahsothatyou willavoidthatchastisement,whichwillnotinflictthebelievers. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

 ThesecondVersenegatesthepossibilityofavertingthatchastisementawayfromtheunbelievers. Inotherwords,itwillinevitablyinflicttheunbelieversfortheydefinitelydeserveitandwillalso inflictthosewhopretendedtobebelieverswhoserepentancemaysavethemfromit. ItisnotunlikelythattheunbelieversmentionedintheVersestandsforthosewhodisbelievein AlmightyAllahsmarvelsorgraces. Sunnischolarshavefallenincontradictionbecausetheyarguedthatthechastisementmentioned intheVersebeingtheHereafterthatwillinflicttheunbelieversonlyand,meanwhile,theyargued thatitreferstotheworldlychastisementthatinflictedalNadribnalHarithal`Abdariwhowas killedduringtheBattleofBadr.Atanyrate,theyhavealwaysendeavoredtomakeany chastisementmentionedintheHolyQuranstandforthechastisementoftheHereafterand, sometimes,theydedicatedittotheJewsandChristianssoastotakeitawayfrompeopleof QurayshandthehypocritesandprovethatAlmightyAllahdidnotrespondtoHisMessengers invocationsagainstpeopleofQuraysh.Moreover,theyaccusedtheHolyProphet(S)thathewas reproachedbytheLordbecausehehadcalleddowneviluponpeopleofQuraysh![147] (4)SunniJudgmentontheHadithofStonesfromHeaven SunnischolarshavehaddifferentopinionsregardingtheHadith;someofthem,likeAbu`Ubayd, alTha`labiandalHamawini,haveacceptedandpreferredittotheotheropinionswhileothers haverecordeditindirectly.Athirdgrouphaverecordeditbutpreferredtheotheropinions.Atany rate,allofthemhaveacceptedityetindifferentdegrees.Hence,Sunnischolarshavetoacceptit becausemasterscholars,suchasAbu`UbaydandSufyanibn`Uyaynah,haveadmittedit.Al Albani,whomisregardedastheleadingHadithistinthisage,hasdecidedtheauthenticityofany narrationthatisacceptedbytwoorthreemasterscholars. AlShawkani,inFathalQadir5/352,saysthatthedemandingoneintendedintheVersewasal NadribnalHarithwhosaid,OAllah!IfthisisthetruthsentfromThee,thenrainuswitha heavenlystoneorinflictpainfulchastisementuponus.HewaskilledduringtheBattleofBadr. OtherscholarshavereferredtoAbuJahloralHarithibnalNu`manalFihri. ShamsalDinalShirbini,in`AbaqatalAnwar7/398,saysthatvariousopinionshavebeencited aboutthedemandingone;Ibn`AbbassaysthathewasalNadribnalHarithandotherssaythat hewasalHarithibnalNu`man. Abu`Ubayd,inNafahatalAzhar7/291,confirmsthattheVersewasrevealedafterthedeclaration ofGhadirandthedemandingonewasJabiribnalNadribnalHarithibnKildahal`AbdariAl Qurtubi,inTafsir18/278,presentsthevariousopinionsrespectingtheinterpretationoftheVerse Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

ofSa`ilamongwhichisthenarrationinvolved.Thisisinfactsufficientevidenceontheexistence oftheHolyProphet(S)sdeclarationoftheleadershipofImam`Ali.Hence,we,theShi`ah,haveto appreciatethissituationandthankthemforitbecausetheyadmitourclaim. ItisthusunanimousthatthedemandintheVerseactuallyoccurredandthatalNadrchallenged theHolyProphet(S)regardingthedivinelycommissionedleadershipofImam`Ali.Yet,theVerse thatindicatesthedescendingoftheheavenlystonewasrevealedtogetherwiththeVerses discussingtherulingsofspoils,whichwasrevealedaftertheBattleofBadr.[148]Onthataccount, itisirrationaltoacceptthattheLordsreplicationtoalNadrsdemandwasrevealedinMakkah whilethedemanditselfwasrevealedafterwardsinalMadinahafterthedemiseofalNadr. Thesayingofthedemandingonethatis,OAllah!IfthisisbeingtherightsentfromThee,then rainuswithaheavenlystoneorinflictpainfulchastisementuponus,ismoreapplicabletoShiite interpretation.Asageneralrule,thegeneralsenseofaVerseoraHadithmustbepreservedas muchaspossible.Hence,thedefeatsofthedisbelieversintheBattleofBadrandalKhandaqas wellastheothersortsofpunishments,suchasthedraught,starvationsandhumilityduringthe conquestofMakkah,werepartsofthechastisement. Correspondingly,itisunnecessarytorestrainthescopeofthechastisementtothecaseofalNadr oranyotherindividualincident. (5)NasibisOpinionAbouttheHadith ExceptIbnTaymiyahandhisfans,Nasibishavenotrefutedthenarration.MuhammadRashid Rida,inTafsiralManar,alsoimitatesIbnTaymiyahwhoattackedthenarrationcoarselyand blunderedblindlythroughit.MisusingthenameofhismasterShaykhMuhammad`Abduh,Rashid RidahasbeenhighlyinfluencedbytheideasofIbnTaymiyahandIbnalQayyim. Ashe,in6/464,recordsthenarration,hedecidesitasuntrueforSurahofalMaarijwasrevealed inMakkahwhiletheunbelieverswhochallengedachastisementarementionedinSurahofal Anfal,whichwasrevealedaftertheBattleofBadrandmanyyearsbeforetherevelationofSurah ofalMa`idah.ItseemsthatRashidRidacouldfindhisintentthroughIbnTaymiyahscriticismof thenarrationbecauseitsdocumentationhasbeentooauthentictoberefuted.Themainpoint uponwhichIbnTaymiyahandRidadependedincriticizingthenarrationisthattheHolyProphet (S)didnotreturntoMakkahaftertheFarewellHajjandthatalAbtuh,theplacewheretheevents ofthenarrationtookplace,issituatedinMakkah. Unintentionallyorintentionally,theybothneglectedthatthereisinalMadinahafamousplace alsocalledalAbtuh. Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

TheotherpointtheyhaveusedisthattheVersethatrenderedtheunbelieverschallengewas revealedinalMadinahwhileSurahofMaarijwasrevealedinMakkah.Theyhavealsoignored thatthegeneralsenseofthefirstthirtysixVersesandthenarrationinvolvedsupposeand indicatethatitwasrevealedinalMadinah. EvenifitwasrevealedinMakkah,thereisnoflawifweadmitthatitwasrevealedmorethan onceformoreexplication.ScholarshaveconfirmedthatSurahofalKawtharwasrevealedmore thanonce.Furthermore,itisreasonlesstorefutethewholenarrationevenifitisprovedthatthe Versewasnotrevealedonthatoccasion.Finally,SayyidalTabataba`i,inTafsiralMizan6/54,has refutedallthepointsofcriticismarousedbyRashidRida.AlAmini,inalGhadir1/239,andal Naqawi,in`AbaqatalAnwar78,havealsorefutedthepointsofcriticismofIbnTaymiyahthrough decisiveproofsandoverwhelmingfacts.Yet,itseemssuitabletoaddthefollowingthreepointsto thetopic: First:ThenarrationsisneitherbaselessnorinventedbytheofficialnarratorsoftheQurayshite caliphateforitprovesthedivinegroundoftheImamateofImam`Aliandinvalidatestheauthority ofAbuBakr.Induecourse,itisverydangeroustoclaimthatthenarrationanditslikeswere intrudedbytheShi`ahinSunnireferencebooksofHadithforsuchaclaimwilldevastatetheentire structureofSunnireferencebooksofHadithaswellastheQurayshitecaliphate.Finally,itwas narratedbythesamereportersdependedbySunnireferencebooks. Second:MattersthatareadmittedbybothSunnisandShi`aharemoreacceptablethanothersfor onecanbelieveaHadithnarratedbybothSunniandShiitebookswhileitmayberatherdifficult tobelieveaHadithaboutwhichMuslimscholarshavehadopposingopinions. Third:Whentheotherqualitiesoftheauthenticityofanarrationarepresent,thediscrepancy aboutthefirstnameofitsstarbecomesunimportantformanyendeavorsmusthavebeenmade toconcealhisnamethatbroughtdishonortohisfamily. Inanyevent,wepreferthatthemanwasJabiribnalNadribnalHarithibnKildahal`Abdari,not alHarithibnalNu`manalFihri,forAbu`Ubayd,whomishighlyesteemedbySunnischolarsfor hisexperienceandknowledgeability,haverecordedthisnameinhisTafsir.Jabirwasafamous Qurayshitepersonality;hisfatherwasthechiefofBanu`AbdalDar. (6)WaysofNarrationandDocumentation A.WaysofnarrationanddocumentationofSunniReferenceBooks ThefirstwayisthenarrationofAbu`UbaydinGharibalQuranandthesecondwayisthereport ofalTha`labiontheauthorityofSufyanibn`Uyaynahuponwhich(i.e.thereport)manyscholars Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

havedepended,suchasSayyidalMar`ashi,inIhqaqalHaq6/358,alHamawini,inFara`idal Simtayn,alZarnadi,inNuumDuraralSimtayn93,IbnalSabbagh,inalFusulalMuhimmah24, `AbdalRahmanalSaffuri,inNuzhatalMajalis2/209,alQurtubi,inTafsir,SayyidJamalalDinal Shirazi,inalArba`unHadith,`AbdullahalShafi`i,inAlManaqib205,alQanduzi,inYanabi`al Mawaddah247,alAmrutsari,inArjahalMatalib568,`AbdalRa`ufalMannawi,inFaydalQadir, MuhammadAlQadiri,AlSiratalsawi,alHalabi,inInsanal`Uyun,AhmadibnalFadlBakthir,in WasilatalAmal,MuhammadibnIsma`ilalAmir,inalRawdahalNadiyyahandMuhammadibn YusufalKanji,inKifayatalTalib. B.AlHasakanistwowaysfromSufyanibn`Uyaynah InShawahidalTanzil2/381,herecordsthefollowing: IthasbeennarratedtotheauthorityofAbu`AbdullahalShiraziontheauthorityofAbuBakral Jarjara`iontheauthorityofAbuAhmadalBasriontheauthorityofMuhammadibnSahlonthe authorityofZaydibnIsma`ilontheauthorityofMuhammadibnAyyubontheauthorityofSufyan ibn`UyaynahontheauthorityofJa`faribnMuhammadontheauthorityofHisfatheronthe authorityof`Alietc. IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofAbuBakralSubay`iontheauthorityofAhmadibn MuhammadibnNasrAbuJa`faralDab`iontheauthorityofZaydibnIsma`ilibnSinanonthe authorityofShurayhibnalNu`manontheauthorityofSufyanibn`Uyaynahontheauthorityof Ja`faribnMuhammadontheauthorityofHisfatherontheauthorityof`Alietc. C.AlHasakanisReportfromJabiralJu`fi InShawahidalTanzil2/381,herecordsthefollowing: IthasbeennarratedontheauthorityofIbrahimibnMuhammadalKufiontheauthorityofNasr ibnMuzahimontheauthorityof`AmribnShamrontheauthorityofJabiralJu`fiontheauthority ofMuhammadibn`Alietc.SimilarnarrationshavebeenreportedfromHudhayfah,Sa`dibnAbi Waqqas,AbuHurayrahandIbn`Abbas. D.AlHasakanisReportfromHudhayfahibnalYaman InShawahidalTanzil2/381,herecordsthefollowing: IthasbeennarratedfromAbulHasanalFasiontheauthorityofAbulHasanMuhammadibn Isma`ilalHasaniontheauthorityof`AbdalRahmanibnalHasanalAsadiontheauthorityof Ibrahim;andithasbeennarratedfromAbuBakrMuhammadibnMuhammadalBaghdadionthe Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

authorityofAbuMuhammad`AbdullahibnAhmadibnJa`faralShaybaniontheauthorityof`Abd alRahmanibnalHasanalAsadiontheauthorityofIbrahimibnalHasanalKisa`iontheauthority ofalFadlibnDikkinontheauthorityofSufyanibnSa`idontheauthorityofMansuronthe authorityofRab`iontheauthorityofHudhayfahibnalYamanetc. E.AlHasakanisReportfromAbuHurayrah InShawahidalTanzil2/381,herecordsthefollowing: Ithasbeennarratedfrom`UthmanontheauthorityofFuratibnIbrahimalKufiontheauthority ofalHusaynibnMuhammadibnMus`abalBujaliontheauthorityofAbu`ImarahMuhammad ibnAhmadalMahdiontheauthorityofMuhammadibnAbiMi`sharalMadaniontheauthority ofSa`idibnAbiSa`idalMiqbariontheauthorityofAbuHurayrahetc.

Chapter8:References TheHolyQuran TheBible `Ayyad,alQadi:alShifafiTa`rifHuquqalMustafa AhmadibnHanbal(diedinAH241):alMusnad AbuYa`li:TabaqatalHanabilah Al`Amili,SayyidJa`farMurtada:Ma`satalZahra` Al`Asqalani,ibnHajar(diedinAH582):LisanalMizan Al`Asqalani,ibnHajar(diedinAH582):Ta`jilalManfa`ah Al`Asqalani,ibnHajar(diedinAH582):TahdhibalTahdhib Al`Ayni,BadralDinMahmudibnAhmad(diedinAH855):`UmdatalQarifiSharhSahihal Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

Bukhari. AlSaduq,MuhammadibnBabawayh(diedinAH381):`IlalalShara`i` AlSaduq,MuhammadibnBabawayh(diedinAH381):`UyunAkhbaralRida AlSaduq,MuhammadibnBabawayh(diedinAH381):alHidayah AlSaduq,MuhammadibnBabawayh(diedinAH381):alKhisal AlSaduq,MuhammadibnBabawayh(diedinAH381):KamalalDinwaTamamalNi`mah AlSaduq,MuhammadibnBabawayh(diedinAH381):MaanialAkhbar AlSaduq,MuhammadibnBabawayh(diedinAH381):ManlaYahduruhalFaqih AlSaduq,MuhammadibnBabawayh:alI`tiqadat AlSaduq,MuhammadibnBabawayh:alTawhid AlSanani,`AbdalRazzaq(diedinAH211):Tafsir AlSanani,`AbdalRazzaq(diedinAH211):alMusannaf AlTusi(diedinAH460):TafsiralTibyan AlTusi(diedinAH460):TahdhibalAhkam AlTabataba`i,SayyidMuhammadHusayn:TafsiralMizan AlTabarani(diedinAH360):AlMu`jamalKabir AlTabari,MuhammadibnJarir(diedinAH310):Tarikh AlTabari,MuhammadibnJarir(diedinAH310):Tafsir AlTabari,MuhammadibnJarir(diedinAH400):alMustarshid AlTabari,MuhammadibnJariribnRustum:Dala`ilalImamah Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

AlTabrasi(diedinAH548):alIhtijaj AlTabrasi:I`lamalWara AlTurayhi(diedinAH1085):Majma`alBahrayn AlHalabi,`AliibnBurhanalDinalShafi`i:alSirahalHalabiyyah AlHamawi,Yaqut(diedinAH626):Mu`jamalBuldan AlHarrani,ibnShu`bah:Tuhafal`Uqul AlHasakani,alHakimalNisapuri:ShawahidalTanzil AlHilli,IbnalMutahhar(diedinAH726):NahjalHaqq AlHimyari,ibnHusham(diedinAH218):alSirah AlHurral`Amili(diedinAH1114):Wasa`ilalShi`ah. AlHusayni,SayyidHamid(diedinAH1306):Khulasat`AbaqatalAnwar AlHusayni,SharafalDin:Ta`wilalAyat AlHuwayzi(diedinAH1112):TafsirNuralThaqalayn AlAbshihi,AbulFath(diedinAH850):alMustatraffiKulliFann(in)Mustaraf AlAlbani,MuhammadNasiralDin:SalsalatalAhadithalSahihah AlAlbani,MuhammadNasiralDin:SalsalatalAhadithalDa`ifah AlAmini,`AbdalHusayn(diedinAH1390):alGhadir AlAndalusi,ibn`AbdRebbih(diedinAH328):al`IqdalFarid AlAndalusi,ibnHazm(diedinAH456):alMuhalla AlArbali(diedinAH693):KashfalGhUmmah Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

AlBahrani,SayyidHashim(diedinAH1107):HilyatalAbrar AlBahrani,SayyidHashim(diedinAH1107):GhayatalMaram AlBahrani,SayyidHashim(diedinAH1107):MadinatalMaajiz AlBaghawi(diedinAH516):MasabihalSunnah AlBaghawi,alFarra`(diedinAH516):MaalimalTanzil AlBaghdadi,alKhatib(diedinAH463):TarikhBaghdad AlBaghdadi,MuhammadibnHabib(diedinAH245):alMuhabbar AlBaladhiri,AhmadibnYahya(diedinAH375):FutuhalBuldan AlBayhaqi(diedinAH458):Dala`ilalNubuwwah AlBayhaqi,(diedinAH458):Shu`abalman AlBayhaqi,AhmadibnalHusayn(diedinAH458):alSunanalKubra AlBayyadi,al`Amili(diedinAH877):alSiratalMustaqim AlBukhari,alAdabalMufrad AlBukhari,Muhammad(diedinAH256):alSahih AlBukhari,MuhammadibnIsma`il(diedinAH256):alTarikhalKabir AlDarimi,`AbdullahibnBahram(diedinAH255):alSunan AlDamiri(diedinAH808):HayatalHayawanalKubra AlDaylami,alHasan:A`lamalDinfiSifatalMu`minin AlDaylami,IbnShirawayh(diedinAH509):FirdawsalAkhbar AlDhahbi,ShamsalDin(diedinAH748):MizanalI`tidal Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

AlDhahbi,ShamsalDin(diedinAH748):SiyarA`lamalNubala` AlDhahbi,ShamsalDin(diedinAH748):TadhkiratalHuffa AlDimashqi,AbulFida(diedinAH732):Tarikh AlDimashqi,ibnKathir(diedinAH774):alBidayahwalNihayah AlDimashqi,ibnKathir(diedinAH774):alSirahalNubawiyyah AlDimashqi,ibnKathir(diedinAH774):Tafsir AlFakhralRazi:alTafsiralKabir AlFarahidi,alKhalil(diedinAH175):al`Ayn(ArabicArabicDictionary) AlHaythami,ibnHajar:AlSawa`qalMuhriqah AlHaythami,NuralDin(diedinAH807):Majma`alZawa`id AlHindi,alMuttaqi(diedinAH975):Kanzal`Ummal AlIhsa`i,ibnAbiJumhir:GhawalialLaali AlIsfahani,alRaghib(diedinAH425):MuhadaratalUdaba` AlJawhari(diedinAH393):alSihah AlJawzi(diedinAH654):TadhkiratalKhawass AlKufi,MuhammadibnSulayman(diedinAH270):Manaqib`AmiralMu`minin AlKurani,`Ali:Mu`jamAhadithalImamalMahdi AlKulayni,MuhammadibnYa`qub(diedinAH329):AlKafi AlMaliki,Ibnal`Arabi(diedinAH543):`AridatalAhwadhifiSharhSahihalTirmidhi AlMilani,Sayyid`Ali:NafahatalAzhar Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

AlMaghribi(diedinAH273):SharhalAkhbar AlMaghribi,alNu`man(diedinAH363):Daa`imalIslam AlMaghribi,IbnalSiddiq(diedinAH1380):FathalMalikal`Ali AlMajlisi(diedinAH1111):BiharalAnwar AlMakki,Sa`idibnMansur(diedinAH227):alSunan AlMaqari,AhmadibnMuhammad(diedinAH1041):NafhalTibalTasamani AlMar`ashi,SayyidNurullahalTustari:IhqaqalHaqq AlMas`udi,`AliibnAlHusayn(diedinAH346):MurujalDhahab AlMazzi,Yusuf(diedinAH742):TahdhibalKamal AlMufid,MuhammadibnalNu`man(diedinAH413):alMuqanna`ah AlMundhiri(diedinAH656):alTarghibwalTarhib AlMuraghi(diedinAH1370):Tafsir AlNuri,(diedinAH1320):MustadrakalWasa`il AlNassa`i,AhmadibnShu`ayb(diedinAH203):alSunan AlNawawi(diedinAH676):SharhSahihMuslim AlNawawi,MuhyilDinSharaf(diedinAH676):AlMabsut AlNisapuri,`AliibnAhmadalWaqidi(diedinAH468):alTafsiralWasit AlNisapuri,alHakim(diedinAH405):alMustadrak`AlalSahihayn AlNisapuri,alFadlibnShadhanalAzdi(diedinAH260):Aldah AlNisapuri,AlFattal(diedinAH508):RawdatalWa`idin Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

AlNisapuri,MuslimibnalHajjaj(diedinAH261):alSahih AlNu`mani,MuhammadibnIbrahim(diedinAH380):alGhaybah AlNumayri,`UmaribnShaybah(diedinAH262):TarikhalMadinahalMunawwarah AlNuwayri,Ahmadibn`AbdalWahhab(diedinAH733):NihayatalArab AlQastalani,ShihabalDinAhmadibnMuhammad(diedinAH923):IrshadalSari AlQizwini,ibnMajah(diedinAH275):alSunan AlQummi,`AliibnIbrahim(diedinAH329):Tafsir AlQummi,alHasanalSaffar:Basa`iralDarajat AlQummi,alKhazzaz(diedinAH400):KifayatalAthar AlQummi,ibnBabawayh(diedinAH329):AlImamahwalTabsirah AlQurtubi(diedinAH671):Tafsir AlRazi,`AbdalRahman(diedinAH256):alJarhwalTa`dil AlSabki,`AbdalWahhab(diedinAH771):TabaqatalShafi`iyyahalKubra AlSajistani,SulaymanibnalAsh`ath(diedinAH275):alSunan AlSakhawi(diedinAH902):alTuhfahalLatifah AlSalami,Muhammadibn`Ayyash(diedinAH310):Tafsir AlSarakhsi,ShamsalDin(diedinAH483):alMabsut AlShafi`i,MuhammadibnIdris(diedinAH204):KitabalUmm AlShabalnaji,Mu`minibnHasan:NuralAbsar AlSharifalMurtada(diedinAH436):alAmali Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

AlSharifalMurtada(diedinAH436):alIntisar AlSharifalMurtada(diedinAH436):alRasa`il AlSharifalMurtada(diedinAH436):alShafi AlSharifalMurtada(diedinAH436):TanzihalAnbiya` AlShawkani(diedinAH1250):FathalQadir AlSuhayli(diedinAH581):alRawdalAnif AlSuyutialMuhalla:TafsiralJalalayn AlSuyuti(diedinAH911):alItqanfi`UlumalQuran AlSuyuti(diedinAH911):AsbabalNuzul AlSuyuti,JalalalDin(diedinAH911):alDurralManthur AlSuyuti,JalalalDin(diedinAH911):TarikhalKhulafa` AlTamimi,MuhammadibnHabban(diedinAH354):alMajruhin AlTha`labi:(diedinAH875):alJawahiralHisan AlTirmidhi,Muhammadibn`sa(diedinAH279):alSunan AlYa`qubi,AhmadibnWadih(diedinAH284):Tarikh AlZamakhshari,Jadullah(diedinAH528):TafsiralKashshaf AlZubaydi,SayyidMuhammad(diedinAH1205):Tajal`ArusfiSharhalQamus Ayyub,Sa`id(diedinAH1418):MaalimalFitan FuratibnIbrahim(diedinAH300):Tafsir IbnHajar(diedinAH852):FathalBarifiSharhalBukhari Presentedbyhttp://www.alhassanain.com&http://www.islamicblessings.com

IbnAbuShaybah(diedinAH235):alMusannaf IbnAbilHadid:SharhNahjalBalaghah IbnalAthir(diedinAH630):alKamilfilTarikh IbnalAthir(diedinAH630):UsdalGhabah IbnalAthir:alBidayahwalNihayah IbnJazi(diedinAH741):alTashilIla`UlumalTanzil IbnKhuldun,`AbdalRahman(diedinAH808):Tarikh IbnMakula(diedinAH475):IkmalalKamal IbnMandur(diedinAH711):MukhtasarTarikhDimashq IbnQudamah,`Abdullah(diedinAH620):alMughni IbnSa`d(diedinAH230):AlTabaqat IbnSayyidalNas(diedinAH734):`UyunalAthar IbnShahrashib(diedinAH588):alManaqib IbnWaqid,Muhammadibn`Umar(diedinAH207):alMaghazi Imam`Ali,NahjalBalaghah MalikibnAnas(diedinAH179):alMuwatta` Muhammad`AbduhRashidRida:TafsiralManar MuntajabalDinibnBabawayh:alArba`unHadith

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